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NANOFILTRATION SYSTEMS
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NANOFILTRATION SYSTEMS Nanofiltration membrane's technology is used separate soluble ions from water through a semi permeable membrane. The membrane operates under a different hydraulic profile which is also known cross flow filtration, unlike a dead end filter. Nanofiltration system offers an ideal solution for desalination and other applications. Nanofiltration (NF) in water treatment “bridges” a gap between UF and RO membranes. The membrane system is also referred to as a loose or lower rejecting RO membrane. It could also be called a tight UF, as NF membrane pore size ranges from .01 to a little less than .001. Generally, an NF membrane or system lets more salt pass than an RO membrane. In addition, an NF membrane element will produce the same quantity of product at 50 to 70% the applied pressure as RO. Nanofiltration has also been called a “softening” membrane as while its salt rejection may be 80% or less, hardness rejection will often remain well over 90%. Like RO, and unlike UF, an Nanofiltration Systems will recover a percentage of the feed water. Most all NF membranes are of a spiral wound configuration. It’s estimated that NF membrane element sales are less than 5% of RO sales for the major manufacturers. Most Nanofiltration membranes are composite materials supported by polymer
substrate
and
manufactured in a spiral design as opposed to a flat sheet or tube geometry. The predominant model used today for industrial applications is the spiral configuration. There are applications where a 75% rate
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of salt rejection is preferable to 95 to 99%, especially when it is achieved using only half of the energy. Unlike with RO membrane elements, the NF offerings of the major membrane manufacturers are quite different in performance from company to company. With RO membrane elements, any model with less that 99.5% sodium chloride rejection, especially with seawater membranes, is considered inferior. In the case of NF, there is a “place” for any membrane with a NaCl rejection rate of 40%, or more.
Applications of Nanofiltration are Ÿ Nitrates removal Ÿ The removal of heavy metals from wastewater Ÿ The removal of pesticides from groundwater Ÿ Wastewater recycling in laundries Ÿ Water softening
NF Applications Application Whey / Whey
Permeate Salty waste water
Concentrate Desalted whey concentrate
Permeate
Benefits of NF Allows the recovery of lactose and whey protein concentrate with reduced salt content
Textile
Dyes
Water, salts, BOD, COD and
NF is used to desalt
dyes
color
resulting in a higher value product
Caustic cleaning
Caustic cleaning
BOD, COD, suspended solids,
Allows caustic cleaning solution
solutions
solution
caustic cleaner
to be recycled resulting in reduced cleaning chemical costs
Recycle of acid
Acid solution
solutions
BOD,
COD,
calcium,
suspended solids, acidic water
Allows acid solution to be recycled resulting in reduced cleaning chemical costs
Water
Softened water
Hard water
Potable water production. Softened water reduces scaling on equipment and heat exchange surfaces
Antibiotics
Salty waste product
Desalted, concentrated
NF produces high value
Antibiotics
pharmaceutical products
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