D E S I G N
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D E T A I L
The joint headquarters of The Privy Council & Liberty
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T A B L E
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P R O J E C T
O F
C O N T E X T 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
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D E S I G N
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Brief Privy Council Hidden Agenda, Privy Council Liberty Hidden Agenda, Liberty Location Site Location Site Section
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Privy Council / Star Chamber Executive Architect 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.3.8 2.3.9 2.3.10
Location - Section A-A Location Structure Axonometric Inner Core The Doge Location of Doge’s Office Doge’s Office Doge’s Office Floor Detail Doge’s Office Wall Detail Doge’s Office Wall Cladding Detail
D E T A I L 2.1
2.2
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C O N T E N T S
Architects 2.1.1 Architects timeline Base Architect 2.2.1 Site Orientation 2.2.2 Existing Buildings 2.2.3 Plans 2.2.4 Section A-A 2.2.5 Elevations 2.2.6 Access - Existing 2.2.7 Access - Upgrading 2.2.8 Ground Floor Relationship 2.2.9 Disabled Access 2.2.10 Circulation 2.2.11 Structure Analysis 2.2.12 Fire Strategy 2.2.13 Acoustic Qualities 2.2.14 Office Section 2.2.15 Office Floor Detail 2.2.16 Energy Strategy 2.2.17 Conservation Measures 2.2.18 Environmental Impact: Building Construction 2.2.19 Environmental Impact: Building Life Cycle 2.2.20 Sun Path Studies 2.2.21 Solar Gain 2.2.22 Office Section 2.2.23 Office External Envelope Detail 2.2.24 Ventilation Strategy 2.2.25 Weatherproofing 2.2.26 Maintenance Strategy 2.2.27 Construction
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Liberty / Interrogation Room Executive Architect 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 2.4.7 2.4.8 2.4.9 2.4.10 2.4.11 2.4.12 2.4.13 2.4.14
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y
Location - Section A-A Location Structure Axonometric IR Structure Plan IR Section IR Floor Detail IR Partition Detail IR Wall Cladding IR Wall Detail IR Perspective IR Floor Damper Detail Exposure Door Plans & Elev. IR Exposure Door Details
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P R O J E C T
C O N T E X T
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1.1
Brief
The proposal is to provide a joint headquarters for The Privy Council and Liberty Pressure Group. The Council and Liberty Group are to work together to prepare for cases that are to be heard at the Judicial Committee Court. It is hoped that with the two groups working together there will be a greater balance to the cases undertaken.
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1.2
Privy Council
The Privy Council is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. Its membership is mostly made up of senior politicians who are (or have been) members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords.
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1.3
Hidden Agenda - Privy Council
The Privy Council have proposed a Star Chamber. The Star Chamber was an English court of law. The court was set up to ensure the fair enforcement of laws against prominent people, those so powerful that ordinary courts could never convict them of their crimes. Court sessions were held in secret with no right of appeal, no juries and no witnesses. Evidence was presented in writing. Over time it evolved into a political weapon, a symbol of the misuse and abuse of power by the English monarchy and courts. The Proposed Star Chamber is more of an exclusive club. Judges and current members of the Star Chamber select and research prospective candidates, recording their movements, hacking their computers and phones. Once a set of candidates are selected, messages will be sent to their computers and phones, inviting them to an initiation. The hope is new members would let slip information which would be beneficial to the Chamber, but unknown to the new member it would be costly to them in the future. This information could be how they created their wealth and power, how they bent the rules and how they got away with their actions. The members brought into question would be forced to explain and have the choice of being prosecuted or to help the Star Chamber use their techniques to improve the wealth and power of the club. The Star Chamber has a direct link to the Monitoring Station, as it records and produces documents of everything that takes places within the Star Chamber. Ensuring evidence is prepared for issuing to members of the Chamber. 7
1.4
Liberty
Liberty is a pressure group based in the United Kingdom. The group campaigns to protect civil liberties and promote human rights, this is done through the courts, in Parliament and in the wider community. They do this through a combination of public campaigning, test case litigation, parliamentary lobbying, policy analysis and the provision of free advice and information.
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Hidden Agenda - Liberty
Liberty proposes an Interrogation Room that would be open to members of the Privy Council / Star Chamber to expose the truth. The Interrogation would be the point of switching allegiance, exposing the workings of the council and their hidden agenda.
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1.6
Location
Deptford Creek is located within the South East of London between the boroughs of Greenwich and Lewisham. Access to the site is good as there are a number of public transports stations within the surrounding area. Travelling to the site by car is achievable as there are good links that run from the site to the city of London and Kent.
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1.7
Site Location
The proposal is for a tower located on Norman Road, Greenwich, London, SE10 9QZ, sited on the Eastern side of Deptford Creek, South of the Concrete Works.
Scale 1:2500 11
1.8
Site Section
View of the Existing Acorn Exhibition Site 12
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D E S I G N
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D E T A I L
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B A S E
A R C H I T E C T
Appointed by both The Privy Council & Liberty to obtain planning permission and design the shell and core of the joint headquarters.
E X E C U T I V E
A R C H I T E C T
Appointed by The Privy Council to design the fit out of their office’s within the joint headquarters.
E X E C U T I V E
A R C H I T E C T
Appointed by Liberty to design the fit out of their office’s within the joint headquarters.
Hidden Agenda: Hidden Agenda: To design the Star Chamber within the joint headquarters
To design the Interrogation Room within the joint headquarters
2.1
Architects
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2.1.1
Architects Timeline
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B A S E
A R C H I T E C T
2.2
Base Architect
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2.2.1
Site Orientation
The site is located within Deptford Creek. South of the existing concrete works. The proposal’s street frontage is facing an easterly direction, while the Creek frontage is to the West. Local Climate Location: Deptford Creek, Southeast London Latitude/Longitude: +51˚21’48.89”, -0 ˚1’8.30” HDD, CDD annual precipitation: mild climate, 23 inches The topography of the area is fairly flat and has been shaped by centuries-long intervention by man. The surface consists of man-made ground, which conceals the lie of the original strata below. Scale 1:1250 20
Site Photograph- Existing buildings, from Norman Road
2.2.2
Existing Buildings
The existing Acorn Exhibitions offices are positioned right against the South - East boundaries. This is to maximise the usable floor area whilst respecting the boundary conditions of the concrete works and creek.
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2.2.3
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Plans
2.2.3
Plans
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2.2.4
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Section A-A
View from across Deptford Creek
View from Norman Road
2.2.5
Elevations
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2.2.6
Access - Existing
Access can be gained by entering the site from Norman Road. Public transport is good to the site with multiple bus stops within a five minute walk of the Creek, and a number of train station close by, including Greenwich Rail, Cutty Sark, Deptford Bridge and Deptford Rail Station. Vehicular Access - The site has good access to the main roads including the A2 and A206. Public parking areas are available as well as on street parking. Access to the proposal complies with the Equality Act and the DDA, providing access to the whole of the ground floor and the core that provides access to the whole of the public areas of the headquarters. The Equality Act 2010 is the law which bans unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in wider society. 26
Site Photograph- Rail crossing creek 2.2.7
Access - Upgrading
The area is currently well served by public transport and the following improvements are underway or proposed: – Improvements to Deptford and Greenwich train stations. – Upgrading the length of DLR trains from two to three-carriage trains. – The provision of a Greenwich Waterfront Transit extension (buses initially, with the possibility of trams in the future) from Greenwich Town Centre to Greenwich Station. – Some improvements to bus stops along Creek Road, Greenwich High Road, the A2 and Deptford Church Street. – There is a need to improve routes to and from stations and bus stops to increase accessibility
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2.2.8
Ground Floor Relationship
The proposal takes into account the landscaping and building approach from Norman Road and the Creek. The headquarters ground floor is set back from the main external face creating an overhang.
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2.2.9
Disabled Access
Access to the offices is achieved by the entrance located on the Eastern side opposite Norman Road. It is intended that the entrance is level to remove the need for an access ramp. However, if the floor level does not meet external ground level, then a ramp will need to be added. Should a ramp be required it would need to be angled at 1:20 to ensure that the slope is comfortable for wheelchair users. Having gone through Building Regulations Part M, it can be confirmed that the pubic areas of the building is fully accessible to wheelchair users. Vertical movement through the office is achieved using the two public lifts. 29
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B2
2.2.10
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Circulation
2.2.11
Structure Analysis
The headquarter structure comprises of a concrete core with a steel frame system that spans from the core to the external envelope. The loading travels from the floor structure to the concrete core and the external steel frame. The steel frame provides support for the external envelope. 31
2.2.12
Fire Strategy
The joint headquarters complies with Building Regulations, Approved Document B: Fire and Safety – Buildings other than dwelling houses. The headquarter structure comprises of a concrete core with a steel frame system that spans from the core to the external envelope. The steel beams and columns require an external coating such as intumescent coating. The British Standard Fire Rating must be reviewed and considered when applying the fire-proof coating. In accordance with Approved Document B, horizontal and vertical escape: -
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All internal escape routes have a minimum width of 850mm and a clear headroom of 2000mm, all escape doors to have an opening of 1250mm Vertical escape is provided by the protected stairways located within the core. Each stairway has a protected lobby on each floor. The core has a pressurised system, so in the event of a fire the smoke and fumes will be restricted to a single space. This ensures a clear route for a safe evacuation and entry for the fire services. The headquarters is to be fitted with an electronically operated fire alarm system, along with manually operated alarm points, should the automatic system fail. The fire alarms are linked to the pressurised system to restrict the fire, smoke and fumes. The fire assembly points are located on Norman Road and the Creek side. Access to both points is gained via the public space north of the Site. The fire strategy is to be agreed with a fire officer.
2.2.13
Acoustic Qualities
The main area that would produce the highest noise levels would be the core. This is due to the movement of the lifts, access gained via the stairways and services. This will require certain measures to reduce the penetration of excessive noise throughout the headquarters. The plan indicates the intended line of acoustic insulation required for the core. Another point that requires certain measures to reduce the noise levels are between the offices. This can be done by incorporating acoustic systems within the partitions and floors. 33
2.2.14 Office Section Scale 1:50 34
2.2.15 Office Floor Detail Scale 1:5 35
Level 10 – The plant / service area houses the mechanical ventilation / air conditioning and water tank. The water tank is connected to the dry riser system. The choice of a dry riser is due to the fact that the building is over 6 storeys high, wet risers are suitable for buildings up to 6 storeys in height. The wet riser can be used to extinguish the fire in the restricted zone applied by the pressurised system. The mechanical ventilation ensures circulation of air to the offices, core and plant / service areas. The mechanical ventilation can be adjusted depending on the outdoor environmental impact, such as cold weather in winter and hot weather in the summer. The mechanical ventilation and also be adjusted to allow for natural ventilation to the offices.
Level b1 & b2 – The plant / service area houses the generators required for the following. Back up electricity supply Pressurised core The joint headquarters is linked directly to the mains electricity supply. A connection was obtained via UK Power Networks following service and utility searches. In the case of a power cut or emergency the generator will take over and provide the power required to continue work or in the case of an emergency continue to power the elevator systems to ensure a safe evacuation. The pressurised system is used to ensure the core is kept clear of fire and smoke at all times. The pressurised air is then applied to restrict the fire and fumes. This means a safe evacuation can be achieved with the staircases and elevators still functioning. This also allows safe access for the emergency services. In the long term the pressurised system reduces the costs for future refurbishments as the fire and fumes are restricted to a single part of the building. Level b2 is the main point of entry for the services including electricity, gas, telecommunications and water.
2.2.16
Energy strategy
The use of energy in the building arises from various different elements. The proposed building has two plant / service areas located on levels b1 & b2 and 10. Both points control the internal environment of the proposal. 36
2.2.17
Conservation measures
There are many factors that can be assessed in the conservation of materials and energy in the construction and use of the building. Firstly, the building is to be insulated to achieve building regulations and the requirements of the clients for a suitable working environment within the offices. It is proposed that materials used for construction and use post construction, such as office based activities including printing and filing, are to be recycled or recyclable when possible. The design is to take into account the outdoor environmental impact on the indoor environment. The design can be adapted according to changes to the outdoor environment and client requirements. This leads onto to future developments to the scheme that may reduce waste and be harnessed to be used as a new form that is beneficial to the joint headquarters. This includes the use of biogas (obtained from biomass) that could potentially power a CHP it means that less natural resources are used in powering the heating systems. The anticipated amount of gas produced will need to be fully assessed to analyse what the exact contribution will be. Another lead could be the introduction of a GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump) which is a central heating / cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground. The system would use the earth as a heat source in the winter and a heat sink in the summer. This means the design takes advantage of the moderate temperatures in the ground. This results in greater efficiency and reduces the operational costs of heating and cooling systems. 37
Glazing Glazing used throughout the headquarters shall be double glazed and low-e coated to provide adequate thermal insulation to the offices. Recycled glass is to be used where possible resulting in a reduction of embodied energy and waste.
Concrete The concrete is to be used for the construction of the retaining walls of levels b1 & b2 whilst being used as the main material for the core. The core and substructure will be formed on site while the pre-cast concrete units such as the stairs and office floors will be manufactured off site by a specialist manufacture. The concrete works North of the site is to provide the concrete required for the core and substructure, this is to reduce the emissions generated by production and transportation of the concrete. The retaining wall in levels b1 & b2 will have piers to act as bases for the steel frame.
Steel Most of the environmental impact of steel arises from the production process in smelting, by products of this process include water used for the cooling process. The manufacture of the framework also requires extraction of natural resources. The most suitable method of reducing this effect is to use recycled steel. This means less embodied energy used and a reduction to waste. The steel frame will span from the core to the external perimeter to columns. The frame work will support the office floors as well as the external envelope. The steel framework provides a fast form of construction that coincides with the programme of works.
Cladding The external façade shall be finished in pre-oxidized steel, the junctions between floors and external envelope must be insulated in line with architect’s detail to ensure the offices achieve the thermal levels required and reduce the risk of cold bridging. The use of the cladding is dependent on the results of the solar gain analysis and the client’s requirements. The production of the pre-oxidized steel may use recycled steel to reduce the embodied energy and waste.
2.2.18
Environmental impact: Building Construction
To assess the environmental impact of the building during construction, the materials use, processes involved and embodied energy must be taken into account. 38
2.2.19
Environmental Impact: Building Life Cycle
By analysing the waste products created in the use of the building it is possible to assess the impact of the building throughout its life. Emissions The main emissions from the building emanate from the use of the generators located in the plant / services areas. The generators are used for the following: Back-up electricity supply Pressurised core Mechanical ventilation Elevator system The emissions that are derived from this will need to be assessed with the help of an appropriate engineer, skilled in the day-to-day use of generators and its relevant consequences. Further to this, if may be possible to use strategies to combat emissions. Waste Material An option for the sanitary waste produced may be stored as biomass in the recovery of energy produced by anaerobic respiration of the waste. Materials Used The main materials used within the offices will be paper and ink. Firstly the used paper can be recycled, the next step would be produce work that is in digital form without the need for issuing as a paper form. The next step would be to monitor and mitigate the use of wood used to produce the paper by commissioning replanting the same amount of trees that are felled for the paper use. The use of inks use smaller amounts of raw materials, most of the resources can be obtained from recycled sources. Heat Loss By correct governance of the internal environment and suitable external facade treatment, it should be possible to reduce the risk of waste and excessive amounts of energy through heat loss from the external facade. The majority of the environmental impact in the use of the building is determined by the occupants and how it is used. This means it is important that correct briefing is given to the occupants (Privy Council / Liberty) when the building is finally handed over after construction. 39
2.2.20
Sun path studies
The diagrams indicate the average path over the site, indicating the position of the sun according to the time and season.
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Site, existing
06:00
09:00
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15:00
18:00
Site, proposal
06:00
09:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
2.2.21
Solar Gain
Looking at the site analysis we can assess what impact solar gain will have on the internal environment. The diagram shows the areas which will receive the highest levels of solar gain. With this analysis it is possible to see what areas will require shading to prevent overheating. It will mean this particular area, is ventilated to prevent excessive heat. Areas of the joint headquarters may require solar shading devices to prevent excessive heat penetrating into the space, and causing overheating. To achieve the correct shading for each area, it is required to consult with an environmental engineer to assist in the design of the solar shading devices, external faรงade cladding. 41
2.2.22 Office Section Scale 1:50 42
2.2.23 Office External Envelope Detail Scale 1:10 The windows can open to a maximum of 100mm into the office space. This is to provide a point of natural ventilation and an opening for smoke and fumes to evacuate. The distance of 100mm is to provide a suitable area for air flow without effecting the office space / layout. The bottom area of glass is fixed. 43
2.2.24
Ventilation Strategy
The core uses a pressurised system, meaning in a time of an emergency the core is always clear for evacuation and entry for emergency services. This works alongside the external window system. The windows open to release smoke and fumes. These windows can also be opened to provide ventilation to the office space. 44
2.2.25
Weatherproofing
The line of defence between the internal environment and external elements must be designed to ensure that the barriers are not broken at any point and that different elements connect to one another in the correct manner. Key points of the line of defence between the internal and external elements are, the retaining walls of levels b1 & b2 and the external envelope of the offices. It must be designed to ensure the correct insulation is used and prevent cold bridging. Thermal performance of envelope The skin of the building is to be assessed to ensure the required internal thermal levels are met and reduce the risk on heat escaping. An environmental engineer may be approached to ensure the correct thickness of insulation is provided to meet the required U-values. Other areas that may be assessed for the envelope include the glazing and cladding. 45
2.2.26
Maintenance Strategy
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The office space is to be maintained by the group that occupies the area, (Privy Council/ Liberty) Toilets will have removable panels to hide all sanitary ware but provides access when required. Liberty has agreed to ensure the external glazing is cleaned and maintained with the use of a window cleaning robotic device. The Privy Council has agreed to ensure the elevator system is maintained.
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Construction
Demolition -
Demolition of existing warehouses of acorn exhibitions
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Excavations for foundations and substructure
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Removal of soil / flattening of site
Construction -
Ground excavation continued
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Piling drilled and driven
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Raft foundation laid
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All remaining concrete substructure poured and cured
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Core concrete commence, cast in-situ
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Main steel frame erected along with core construction
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Inner core steel frame structure erected in line with core construction
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Mechanical, electrical and public health elements installed
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Glazing, roof and waterproofing applied, building made weatherproof
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Architect team start office fit out and working on core systems
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Architect team start office fit out and working on core systems
Finishing -
Interior elements installed
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Architect office fit out
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Architect office fit out
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Cladding installed following instruction of Privy Council
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Hand over building
2.2.27
Construction
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E X E C U T I V E
A R C H I T E C T
2.3
Executive Architect
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2.3.1
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Location - Section A-A
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2.3.2
Location
The Star Chamber is located within the inner core of the joint headquarters between levels g to 8, with the monitoring station occupying the space within the upper plant room. 51
2.3.3
Structure Axonometric
The Star Chamber is located within the core, as it is one of the few places within a high rise building that is to be retained in the state after initial completion. The hidden spaces use the core services and at times dictate the movement of the public access routes. Ranging from the inner core stair case and lift to the hidden rooms forcing the public routes to alter. 52
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Levlel 05
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Level 04
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Level 03
2.3.4
Inner Core
The inner core is a steel frame structure that sits within the concrete core developed by the base architect. This is to create an independent structure to reduce vibrations and noise travelling from the Star Chamber through to the joint headquarters offices. 53
2.3.5
The Doge
The Doge of Vat City, is the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Vat City. Doges of Vat City are elected for life by the city-state’s aristocracy. Commonly the person selected as Doge was the shrewdest elder in the city. The doge is not a duke in the modern sense, nor is a doge the equivalent of a hereditary duke. The doge is the senior-most elected official of Vat City. A doge was referred to variously by the titles “My Lord the Doge” (Monsignor el Doxe), “Most Serene Prince” (Serenissimo Principe), and “His Serenity” (Sua Serenità). 54
- Levlel 08 Doge’s Office
2.3.6
Location of Doge’s Office
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2.3.7
Doge’s Office
The Doge has a direct link to the monitoring station to ensure that they can watch over the whole of the Star Chamber. The office is acoustically insulated with specialist wall constructing and cladding. The walls are then lined with filing cabinets filled with documents regarding the members of the Star Chamber. 56
2.3.8 Doge’s Office Floor Detail Scale 1:5 The doge’s office must not be detected outside of the Star Chamber. This means a series of acoustic details are required to reduce the levels of noise and vibration that could travel out of the core. 57
2.3.9 Doge’s Office Wall Detail Scale 1:5
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2.3.10 Doge’s Office Wall Cladding Detail Scale 1:5
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E X E C U T I V E
A R C H I T E C T
2.4
Executive Architect
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2.4.1
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Location - Section A-A
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B2
2.4.2
Location
The Interrogation room is located within the lower services plant on level b2. 63
2.4.3
Structure Axonometric
The Interrogation Room is located within the core, as it is one of the few places within a high rise building that is to be retained in the state after initial completion. The hidden spaces use the core services and at times dictate the movement of the public access routes. Ranging from the inner core stair case and lift to the hidden rooms forcing the public routes to alter. 64
- Levlel b2 Interrogation room
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Level g
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Level b1
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Levlel b2 Interrogation room
2.4.4
Interrogation Room Structure
The inner core steel frame structure that sits within the concrete core continues into the lower services plant. This is to create an independent structure to reduce vibrations and noise travelling from the Interrogation Room. 65
2.4.5
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Plan
2.4.6
Interrogation Room Section
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2.4.7 Interrogation Room Floor Detail Scale 1:5 The acoustic details work together to reduce the levels of noise and vibration that could travel out of the interrogation room and core. 68
2.4.8 Interrogation Room Partition Detail Scale 1:5
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2.4.9 Interrogation Room Wall Cladding Detail Scale 1:2
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2.4.10 Interrogation Room Wall Detail Scale 1:5 Acoustic details are also applied to the core walls in an attempt to reduce the risk of detection. 71
2.4.11
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Interrogation Room Perspective
The floor damper system absorbs the vibrations generated within the interrogation room. The prevention of noise and vibration reduces the risk of detection.
2.4.12
Interrogation Room Floor Damper Detail
The whole of the interrogation room floor structure is supported on the damper system. 73
2.4.13
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Interrogation Room -Exposure Door Plans & Elevations
The door starts as one piece, up to the point it is opened. Part of the door locks into place to act as a new barrier to the interrogation room. The door mechanism is a necessity if the exposee is followed.
plan section
vertical section
2.4.14 Interrogation Room -Exposure Door Details Scale 1-5
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y
B O O K S ‘Detailing Acoustics - Third Edition’ - Peter Lord & Duncan Templeton (1996) ‘Down River (Or, The Vessels of Wrath) A Narrative in Twelve Tales’ - Iain Sinclair (2004) ‘ Which Contract? Choosing the appropriate building contract’ - Hugh Clamp, Stanley Cox & Sarah Lupton, RIBA Publishing (2007)
D O C U M E N T S ‘DETAIL.DE - Royal Festival Hall’ - DETAIL.DE (11-2007) ‘Explaining an Architects services’ - RIBA Publishing (06-2008) ‘Outline Plan of Work’ - RIBA Publishing (2007) Planning & Building Regulation documents A - N - Planning Portal
W E B S I T E S www.british-gypsum.com/ - Acoustic solutions & boards www.creeksidecentre.org.uk - Deptford Creekside Centre www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods - Flood zones & maps www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm.htm - CDM regulations www.knauf.co.uk/ - Acoustic insulation www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/ - Liberty official website www.planningportal.gov.uk - Planning & Building regulation documents www.privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/ - Privy Council official website www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/site/ - Royal Borough of Greenwich
C O N S U L T A N T S Architect Architect Studio Tutors
Harry Bucknall - Wilkinson Eyre Architects Mel Clinch - Wilkinson Eyre Architects Ed Frith & Patrick Lewis
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