El presente perfecto Español III Capítulo 5
¿Qué es el presente perfecto? The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle
Por ejemplo… For example: I have played tennis. She has sung at weddings. We have flown in a plane.
Para formar in inglés To form the present participle we
combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle For example, “I have been a lifeguard.” “I” is the subject “have” is the helping verb “been” is the past participle
Para formar en español
In Spanish we form the present participle by
combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle For example: Yo he bailado. I have danced. Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen. We haven’t studied for the test.
The present tense of haber he has ha
hemos habĂŠis han
Remember… How to form the past participle: For –ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ado Example: comprar → comprado For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido Example: tener → tenido
Para formar‌ Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar: he estudiado has estudiado
hemos estudiado habĂŠis estudiado
ha estudiado
han estudiado
Para formar‌ As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs) he has
hemos habĂŠis
ha
han
‌with the past participle of estudiar
he estudiado
hemos estudiado
has estudiado
habĂŠis estudiado
ha estudiado
han estudiado
Now you try‌ On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar: he ________ hemos _______ has ________ habÊis ________ ha ________ han ________
Is this what you came up with? he hablado hemos hablado has hablado habĂŠis hablado ha hablado han hablado
Let’s try another‌ Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar: __ ________
____ _______
___ ________
_____ ________
__ ________
___ ________
Is this what you got? he tomado
hemos tomado has tomado habĂŠis tomado ha tomado han tomado
Now let’s try an –er verb See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer: __ ______
_____ ______
___ ______
______ ______
__ ______
___ ______
Is this what you came up with? he comido has comido ha comido
hemos comido habĂŠis comido han comido
Let’s try another one‌see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir: __ ___
_____ ___
___ ___
______ ___
__ ___
___ ______
Is this what you came up with? he ido has ido ha ido
hemos ido habĂŠis ido han ido
Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle:
Not exactly irregular but… -er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in – ído caer → caído leer → leído reír → reído
creer → creído oír → oído traer → traído
Irregulars The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: abrir → abierto cubrir → cubierto descubrir → descubierto escribir → escrito morir → muerto poner → puesto romper → roto ver → visto volver → vuelto
More irregulars These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho: decir → dicho hacer → hecho
¥Practicamos! See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given. Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido 1. ella / abrir Ha abierto 2. Marta y yo / tocar Hemos tocado 3. Gonzalo / crecer Ha crecido
4. Tú y tus amigos / reír Han reído ó habéis reído 5. Mis padres / hacer Han hecho 6. Tus abuelos / cubrir Han cubierto 7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribir Han escrito
Y para más práctica… Now go to our class website,
http://www.umich.edu/~brittas/sp3.h http://www.umich.edu/~brittas/sp3. , and do the exercises listed.