Veterans Day (An Addison Independent insert)

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War images still vivid for MacEdward

By TAMARA HILMES MIDDLEBURY — Foster MacEdward, or “Mac� as friends and family call him, turned 90 on Oct. 22. And though many years have passed, he still vividly recalls being just 22 years old and seeing other young men his age lying in the mud, arms shot off and with little white maggots !!"#$%&'()"#*)$$*+"&,--.$/()% 0"!1102345 beginning to wriggle and swarm. WiFi while you wait! “It was so wet and so humid that just

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By ANDREA SUOZZO LEICESTER — Of the 40 women who entered basic training with Rosie Spahn at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas in August of 1964, just 17 graduated. “It was hard,â€? said Spahn, a Leicester resident. “They’d tear everything out of you, then turn you into a soldier.â€? Spahn didn’t actually go into active duty — women at that point didn’t enter the Air Force with the hope of being posted overseas. The 18-year-old who had never been on a plane instead headed to Texas, Alabama DQG ÂżQDOO\ &DOLIRUQLD WR VHUYH RXW KHU IRXU year term in Air Force hospitals, while the 9LHWQDP FRQĂ€LFW UDJHG RQ RYHUVHDV (See Rosie Spahn, Page 2)

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overnight, the white maggots would start working on you,� MacEdward said. “And I’d say to them, ‘How’re you doing?’ and they’d say, ‘Geez, Mac, if you’d just get me out of here I’d be all right.’� “Here� was the mountainous terrain between Chabua, India, and Kun-ming, China, known as “The Hump� by the other men in the air force who, like MacEdward, were responsible for transporting supplies

from one base to another during World War II. MacEdward joined the U.S. Army Air Force after Pearl Harbor, and following ZHHNV RI ÀLJKW WUDLQLQJ LQ &DOLIRUQLD DQG Memphis, Tenn., MacEdward was shipped down to Boca Raton, Fla., on June 6, 1943, to begin the journey to the China-IndiaBurma Theater. (See Foster MacEdward, Page 4)

Bristol native looks back on three wars By TAMARA HILMES BRISTOL — Bruce Emmons, 85, took a display case with a wooden frame off of his wall and laid it on the kitchen table. Inside, lay military badges in all shapes and colors — stripes, code of conduct medals for the Army and the Air Force, a Purple Heart, and medals for each war he served in. There was one for Korea, one for Vietnam, and one for World War II. A blue(See Emmons, Page 6)


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A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" !$#$ „ PAGE

Rosie Spahn (Continued from Page 1) She joined, in part, for her father. He had been stationed in Africa serving in the Army Air Corps during World War II, and the onset of polio forced him to return to the United States before his term of service was up. “He always wanted his kids to go in and VRUW RI ÂżQLVK IRU KLP ZKDW KH ZDVQÂśW DEOH WR ÂżQLVK ´ VDLG 6SDKQ Âł$QG , ZDV WKH RQH WKDW ZHQW LQ ´ A sister considered service, then decided not to. A brother left the armed forces on a medical release. So Spahn was the one to spend her four years serving in the Air Force. Her decision, she said, was unusual. “I think women in the military receive PRUH UHVSHFW QRZ WKDQ WKH\ GLG WKHQ ´ VKH VDLG Âł,W ZDVQÂśW YLHZHG DV D SODFH WR JR ´ But faced with the choices, Spahn opted for the military. Her other choices were to go to college, to get married or to get a job in a factory near her hometown of Rochester, N.Y. So just after graduation, she headed for Lackland for basic, which was an overhaul of every aspect of their lives, from the LEICESTER RESIDENT ROSIE Spahn was stationed in California and worked as a surgical scrub technician for the Air Force way they made their beds to the way they polished their shoes. It was, Spahn during the Vietnam War. Independent photo/Trent Campbell remembered, overwhelming. Âł:H GLG D ORW RI PDUFKLQJ <RXÂśG PDUFK to the mess hall, walk in, get your food, processing, the Air Force needed people in ZKDW ZDV JRLQJ RQ RXWVLGH ZDV VORZ WR ÂżOWHU 20 miles north. in. Then, after her term of duty ended, she \RXÂśG VWDQG E\ WKH WDEOH ZLWK \RXU KDQG the hospitals. Âł,W ZDV NLQG RI D EXEEOH $QG , GLGQÂśW KDYH got an apartment in San Francisco and a job raised until every table had all four people. ‘YOU DID WHAT WAS NEEDED’ Âł,W GLGQÂśW UHDOO\ PDWWHU ZKDW P\ VNLOO VHW D FDU VR , ZDV RQ WKH EDVH TXLWH D ORW ´ VKH DW 0DF\ÂśV 2Q WKH ZHHNHQGV WKH PDQ VKH 7KHQ \RXÂśG VLW GRZQ HDW \RXU IRRG DQG ZDV ´ VKH VDLG Âł%DFN WKHQ LW ZDV ZKDW WKH\ said. “The Vietnam war was going on, but it would later marry, who was still working \RX ZRXOG QRW WDON ´ ZDVQÂśW D ZDU LW ZDV D FRQĂ€LFW , GLGQÂśW JHW in the hospital on the base, came to the Then there were the inspections. QHHGHG WKDWÂśV ZKDW \RX GLG ´ So she was sent to Alabama for operating LW , GLGQÂśW NQRZ ZKDW LW ZDV WKLV 9LHWQDP city to visit her — which she said was still Uniforms had to be just-so, starched, with WKLQJ , ZDV ZRUNLQJ LQ D KRVSLWDO 7KDWÂśV considered outrageous, even in 1960s San perfectly polished shoes and clean gloves. room specialist school. “I said, ‘OK, nothing with blood. A lab, ZKDW , ZDV GRLQJ DOO GD\ ´ Francisco. Floors had to be polished, and beds had to In her duties as a surgical scrub technician, Once he got out of the service, the two be perfectly made, with the sheets rolled UHFRUGV IURQW GHVN ² ÂżQH ϫ VDLG 6SDKQ $QG KHU DVVLJQPHQW" Âł%ORRG EORRG EORRG ´ Spahn helped out in one of the two operating got married. down a certain number of inches. Alabama at the time was a center in the rooms in the hospital on Hamilton Air Force “We lived in San Francisco and protested During one inspection, one of the four VWUDSV RI 6SDKQÂśV ODXQGU\ EDJ KDQJLQJ civil rights movement, and heading there Base in Novato, Calif. The hospital was just WKH ZDU ´ VKH VDLG ZLWK D VPLOH EHGV DQG VHUYHG WKH RIÂżFHUV DQG WKHLU Eventually Spahn went back to work over the bedpost, was slightly above the meant heading into turmoil. “Riots were happening, the Ku Klux families. in hospitals, and after a divorce she took rest. For that, she received a demerit. The women lived in three barracks on advantage of the G.I. Bill and enrolled in In this orderly environment, women were Klan was there, the Montgomery Four had not allowed to mingle with the men — it RFFXUUHG ´ VKH VDLG ² UHIHUULQJ WR WKH IRXU WAF (Women in the Air Force) Hill, above college. That done, she moved back home to was only near the end of basic training that black girls who died as a result a Ku Klux the base, each with her own room. They still Rochester, where she worked with software. had rules — their curfew was earlier than A new job brought her to New Hampshire, they were offered the privilege to have a Klan bombing in 1963. But regardless of what went on off the that of the men, and their hats still had to where she met Mike Korkuc, a Vermont cup of coffee with someone of the opposite base, during her time in the Air Force Spahn be at the proper angle, the skirts the right native who would become her domestic gender. partner. After graduation Spahn headed to VDLG YHU\ OLWWOH QHZV ÂżOWHUHG RQWR WKH EDVH length, and their shoes polished. But as time passed, Spahn and her friends These days Spahn lives in Leicester Alabama, where she was enrolled in Even after being posted to California and medical specialist school. Though her entry gaining the right — and the free time — to ventured off of the base, attending concerts and works for the information technology testing had revealed an aptitude for data leave the base, she said the awareness of and talks in San Francisco, which was about (See Spahn, Page 3)

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Joshua, thanks for your 2+ years of service to our country, in Afghanistan and Beaufort. I am proud to have you as my son! We love you and thank you for your sacrifice to our country and the freedom we enjoy. SUBMITTED BY ALAN WILKINSON, NEW HAVEN

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Dad, thanks for your 20 years of service to our country from WWII, Iwo Jima, Korea, & Vietnam, as well as the home front. I am proud to be your son!

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Stationed in Samson, NY. Served on the USS Lake Champlain when it was commissioned. SUBMITTED BY THE WEDGE FAMILY

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Thanks does not fully express the depth of our gratitude to the Veterans and the men & women presently serving our country in the Armed Forces.

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Lt. Cmdr. Emerald McKay wore his uniform with pride and we are proud of him.

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I’m proud of my son for sacrificing his life for others and our country, we pray every day for a safe return. Love, Mom SUBMITTED BY CINDY ELDER, VERGENNES

(@?D?D<CÂą5@IOU Captain US Army Stationed in Afghanistan

Jedidiah Wentz is a courageous young man who was awarded a bronze star. He has served in Iraq and is now stationed in Afghanistan. Jed is the grandson of Lt. Cmdr. Emerald McKay. SUBMITTED BY DONNA MCKAY, SALISBURY


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We Salute You! ,D>CJG<NÂą*@ G<I> PFC, Vermont Guards

Stationed at Camp Pheonix, Afghanistan You are doing a great job. We are so proud of you. Love you millions, xxoo SUBMITTED BY HENRIETTA HASKINS, BRISTOL

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US Marine Corps Stationed in Command Quaters, NC

Thank you for serving!

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Staff Sergeant E6

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US Army Stationed at Fort Bliss, TX We are so proud of you for protecting our country. Love your wife Alexis, Mom, Dad & Justin

.CDGDKÂą$M<I>DNÂą2D@MI@T Staff Sergeant Air Force Stationed in Asian Pacific Theater Dad - Miss you, love you, proud of you and your two Purple Hearts. SUBMITTED BY MAUREEN TIERNEY, LECIESTER

(JCIÂą0D>C<M?Âą&<DBDN Lieutenant Colonel US Army, Vermont National Guards Stationed in Germany, Korea, Missouri & Georgia Very good army engineer and member of the Vermont National Guard. We all miss you! SUBMITTED BY ANNA M. HAIGIS

ROSIE SPAHN ATTENDED operating room specialist school in Alabama while serving in the Air Force in the 1960s.

Spahn (Continued from Page 2) department of the Counseling Service of Addison County. She looks back on her time in the Air Force with a mixture of emotions. %XW XOWLPDWHO\ VKH VDLG WKH GLIÂżFXOW WLPH

KDG LWV EHQHÂżWV “I got a job skill — they gave it to me,â€? she said. “And I got to see California, somewhere I would never have gone if I’d stayed home. I would have been in a factory

SUBMITTED BY CAROL QUENNEVILLE, WHITING

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PFC US Army Stationed in Vietnam 1966 - 11 June 1967 Kia PFC Brileya, Charlie Company 2 BTN 22 INF 4th & 25th Infantry Div. Kia 11 June 1967

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SUBMITTED BY STEVEN STANLEY, SALISBURY

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Stationed in Kuwait, 2008 Remembering your service to our country and your part in the war on terrorism. With much love and pride, your wife. SUBMITTED BY CINDY SLATER, MIDDLEBURY

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somewhere.� A photo album of Polaroids from those years shows those times: friends, spotless rooms, service members relaxing on their time off, drinks in hand.

“There are some memories — some good stories,� she said with a smile. Reporter Andrea Suozzo is at andreas@ addisonindependent.com.


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A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#% „ PAGE

Foster MacEdward

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$IWHU WKUHH ZHHNV RI Ă€\LQJ RQ D WUDQVSRUW (Continued from Page 1) The 22-year-old from Union, Maine, from Florida to Haiti, then Brazil, over to Ascension Island and through the Sudan, had not known what to expect. “Nobody knew what India was,â€? MacEdward landed on the polo grounds MacEdward said. “Nobody on the airplane of Chabua in northeastern India. From knew what India was about. But it was WKHUH KH ZDV DVVLJQHG WR ³À\ 7KH +XPS ´ or the path from Chabua wartime. Everybody was to Kun-ming, China. ‘do or die.’â€? “I had the airplane, The route was about 550 MacEdward was born in miles long, one-way — Strong, Maine, and moved and it was a game not about the same distance with his family to Union to get shot down. Get Middlebury to when he was still young. out there and see what from Richmond, Va., according He grew up collecting the milk from cows and you could see but don’t to MacEdward. But what lay between the two pasteurizing it at his get shot down. Don’t points was awesome — father’s creamery. But his become a casualty. It the Himalaya mountain interest had always lain in was a kind of a game. range. Ă€\LQJ SODQHV Don’t forget when I “So many airplanes “We had airplanes went down on this route as kids,â€? he said. “We went over there I was that they called it the put them together. They only 22. And when Aluminum Trail,â€? he GLGQÂśW Ă€\ PXFK EXW ZH you’re 22 you don’t said. When he looked were interested in them. down from the cockpit, We had seven children in know much.â€? — Foster MacEdward he could see the metallic WKH IDPLO\ ² ÂżYH ER\V remains of fallen aircraft and two girls. But we glittering along the didn’t have any money — I couldn’t afford any bolts or nails or riverbanks and mountain ridges. MacEdward explained that the anything else. Maine was so poor then, in American C-46 cargo planes and their ’27, ’28 and ’29 — still is.â€? When he grew older, MacEdward left crews frequently fell victim to Japanese the farm to attend the University of Maine ÂżUH DQG WR LFHG RYHU HQJLQHV ZKLOH PDNLQJ to study engineering. Before he could the trip. “The big problem we had there was ÂżQLVK KLV GHJUHH :RUOG :DU ,, EURNH RXW the icing,â€? he said. “The icing would and MacEdward joined the service as a stop the engines and then you couldn’t pilot.

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hold altitude. Your minimum altitude was there I was only 22. And when you’re 22 about 15- or 16,000 feet, and if you lost you don’t know much, but you’re healthy, an engine, the airplane would only hold you know.â€? altitude down to seven.â€? For the young pilot, every day meant a “The Humpâ€? is a particularly treacherous new adventure. region of Western Yunnan with snowy “I went all over the place,â€? he said. “I peaks sliced dramatically by deep river done everything I could. I think every trip valleys. In order to keep the plane from was an adventure — I tried to see the fun crashing into the craggy surface of the of it.â€? Himalayas, pilots had to revert back to the But looking on the bright side was not geography lessons that they had memorized always easy. during training. “The hardest part was “You had to know where “Today everybody the living conditions,â€? you were,â€? MacEdward complains all the time he said. “You lived in a said. “There were three grass hut and you slept on rivers there, Salween, about who knows what, a rope bed and there were Mekong and Yangtze, but during wartime — usually anywhere from and between each one of those young kids — I six to 10 people in your those, the mountain would room. You didn’t have never, ever heard one go up to 14,000 feet. So good food and the water you had to memorize the complaint.â€? — you had to be very — Foster MacEdward careful with the water. hump so that if you lost it, you could go down into You were always on the that valley and you could verge of having ‘The Ă€\ VRXWK ´ Belly.’â€? But MacEdward was lucky enough to “The Belly,â€? MacEdward explained, sidestep both the dangerous conditions was a highly uncomfortable condition DQG WKH -DSDQHVH ÂżUH 7KRXJK KH ZDV caused by the expansion of an oxygen shot at a few times, his plane never went bubble in one’s stomach that doubled in down. size in altitudes of 16,000 feet. “It was a game for me,â€? he said. “I had Âł2K \HDK \RX ZHUH ÂżJKWLQJ WKDW DOO WKH the airplane, and it was a game not to get time,â€? he said. “You never had the health shot down. Get out there and see what you had here. It was gas. You would blow you could see but don’t get shot down. up with gas in the intestine.â€? Don’t become a casualty. It was a kind Along with “The Belly,â€? MacEdward of a game. Don’t forget when I went over (See MacEdward, Page 5)

Veterans Day is November 11th VERGENNES American Legion Post #14 Ladies Auxiliary Unit #14 Sons of the American Legion Sq. #14

Honoring those who have served & those who still serve in our country’s armed forces.

(Continued from Page 7) years to work on C-47s — “the workhorse of the Air Force,â€? he chimed. He lived in Ukodo, just outside of Tokyo. As he was stationed in Japan for three years, he had time to explore the country a bit before returning to the United States. “I went to the top of Mount Fuji once,â€? he said. “They’ve got good trails up there. They have a restaurant halfway up that you can stop at — this was back in 1955.â€? COMBAT MISSIONS IN VIETNAM In the 10 years following his return and before he left for Vietnam, Emmons lived and worked in Westover, Mass., where he continued to do maintenance on C-47s. After another stint of training at the Vandenberg Air Force Base in Florida, he was sent to Vietnam in January of 1965, ZKHUH KH Ă€HZ LQ & FDUJR SODQHV ZKDW WKH\ FDOOHG ÂłWUHH WRS Ă€\HUV ´ “I was in the 19th Air Commandos,â€? he VDLG Âł, OLNHG LW ² WUHH WRS OHYHO Ă€\LQJ dropping in supplies to military bases, hauling out wounded and dead.â€? Along with delivering supplies, the FRPPDQGRV ZRXOG GURS Ă€DUHV DURXQG army posts that were under attack at night. “One night, I remember, the number one engine on the plane, which was the left engine, started messing up, so we had WR ODQG LQ DQ DEDQGRQHG DLUÂżHOG RXW LQ WKH jungle,â€? he said. Emmons repaired the broken engine by Ă€DVKOLJKW DQG WKH FUHZPHPEHUV PDGH LW

back in the air in time to complete their They’re after your butt, so you’re staying PLVVLRQ EHIRUH Ă€\LQJ EDFN VNLPPLQJ WKH on the ground,’â€? Emmons recalled. “He tops of dark jungles, to the Saigon base. ZRXOGQÂśW OHW PH Ă€\ DQ\PRUH ´ 'XULQJ DQRWKHU RQH RI WKH FRPEDW %XW DW WKDW SRLQW (PPRQV ZDV RQO\ missions that Emmons completed while days away from home in Bristol — a far stationed in Vietnam, he cry from the six-man huts crashed his plane in the in Tan Son Nhut where he middle of a rice paddy “C rations are the lived for eight months, near Canto. hardly ever stepping foot little cans. You’d “It was totaled,â€? he said. off the base. “They had to send trucks get pork and beans, “You didn’t go off the out to pick us up and take spaghetti and base often,â€? he said. “You us back to the base.â€? could go into Saigon Two days after he meatballs and stuff every once in awhile, into crashed, on Oct. 28, 1965, like that. Then yeast town, but then you had to Emmons was wounded bread, a big bar watch out for these shoejust after taking off. shine boys.â€? “I took off and a shell of pure chocolate The little village boys came through the bottom and a pack of four would come up to the of the airplane,â€? he cigarettes. K ration soldiers, asking to shine recounted. “It was just their shoes. When they a 50-caliber shell and was about the same, walked away, they’d leave when it hit the chains, it except it was drier — their kits behind. shattered and I got hit in “And when they did, you it would come in a the arm. ran like the devil, because “It’s hot, too, when it box instead of a can.â€? generally, you wouldn’t — Bruce Emmons get too far before the kit hits,â€? he added. After receiving the would explode,â€? Emmons wound that earned him said. the Purple Heart, Emmons’ commanding Men in restaurants, he said, would RIÂżFHU EDQLVKHG KLP WR WKH PLQXWH pull a similar stunt with their briefcases. PLON UXQ Ă€LJKW IURP 7DQ 6DQ 1KXW WR 9XQJ One could be sitting down to lunch when Tau. Emmons remembers approaching his someone would walk in with a briefcase. RIÂżFHU DERXW WKH GHFLVLRQ They would sit down and eat their meal, Âł+H VDLG Âľ:HOO \RXÂśYH JRW and when they paid, got up and left, the combat missions in, and you crashed the briefcase would still be sitting beneath the day before yesterday and you were hit. table. Emmons quickly learned that when

one saw a man like this get up and leave, he better get up and leave with him. “Vietnam was the most traumatic — you GLGQÂśW NQRZ ZKR \RX ZHUH ÂżJKWLQJ RYHU there,â€? he said. “You could be walking down the street and somebody would walk up to you and stick a knife in you.â€? When the war in Vietnam came to a ELWWHU HQG (PPRQV ÂżUVW ZHQW EDFN WR Massachusetts, then Maine and Florida before returning to Bristol to stay. He had heard that Glenna was still in the area, and he dialed 411 to get her number. “Two years later, I moved back up here and we got married in 2006,â€? he said. “We were married four years ago in this room right here, 20 minutes past two, by George Smith.â€? Smith, who performed the ceremony in the tiny kitchen of Emmons’s East Street home, had been one of his high school classmates before he had been drafted into World War II. Things had changed in Bristol since ::,, EHJDQ ² WKH Ă€RZHU DQG ODQGVFDSLQJ store that was once called Japanese Gardens, had changed its name to Bristol Gardens once the U.S. declared war on Japan. And Emmons had changed, too. +H ZDV \HDUV ROGHU KDYLQJ VSHQW ZHOO over a quarter of that time in the armed services. “Whenever my time was up, I reenlisted. I just never got out,â€? Emmons said. “It got so I’d hear a plane go over and I could tell if something was wrong with the engine.â€?

4HE FAMI 4HE 3HEA 4HE FAMILY AND STAFF ALL OF AREA V SALUTE 4HE 3HEA -OTOR #O DUTY SOLDIERS

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PAGE !„ A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#%

A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#% „ PAGE

VPT to air veterans programs STATEWIDE — Vermont Public Television will honor and help veterans with two specials airing on Nov. 11 and 12. VPT’s monthly “Public Square� special, broadcast and webcast live on Thursday, Nov. 11, at 8 p.m., will look at services available in Vermont for veterans of all ages. Host Kristin Carlson and panelists will invite viewers to call 1-866-424-LIVE with questions during the show. Questions and comments are also welcome in advance to connect@vpt.org. The program will be broadcast statewide

and be webcast at www.vpt.org. Links to resources for veterans will be posted to www.vpt.org. On Friday, Nov. 12, at 10 p.m., VPT will broadcast “The War at Home,â€? a moving documentary produced by students at 1RUZLFK 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ 1RUWKÂżHOG ,W WHOOV personal stories of the readjustments that combat veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan face when they return home. Many of those interviewed are Norwich student veterans. Some of the student producers have been or will be deployed to Afghanistan upon graduation.

Vergennes Legion hosts meal, service Always remembered CITIZENS OF HANCOCK this past Memorial Day dedicated a new honor roll that lists the names of all local residents who have served in the U.S. armed forces since World War I. The new monument, located near the new ¿UH VWDWLRQ RII 5RXWH LQ WKH YLOODJH LV FRPSRVHG RI WKUHH JUHHQ PDUEOH VODEV ZLWK WKUHH ÀDJSROHV WKDW À\ WKH 8 6 ÀDJ WKH 9HUPRQW ÀDJ DQG WKH 0LVVLQJ ,Q $FWLRQ ÀDJ 7KH PDUEOH IRU WKH KRQRU UROO ZDV GRQDWHG E\ 9HUPRQW 9HUGH $QWLTXH WKH FRPSDQ\ WKDW ERXJKW WKH former Hancock plywood mill. ,QGHSHQGHQW SKRWRV -RKQ 6 0F&ULJKW

VERGENNES — Thursday, Nov. 11, Veterans Day, will be a busy one at American Legion Post 14 in Vergennes. After a noon luncheon that included the DQQXDO WXUNH\ GLQQHU ZLWK DOO WKH ¿[LQJV for area veterans and their spouses and members of Autumn Years Senior Citizens of Vergennes, the post in the evening will conduct its annual Post Everlasting service at the beginning of the regularly scheduled 7:30 p.m. meeting. This solemn ceremony, which is conducted

in November to coincide with Veterans Day, honors members of Post 14 who have died during the preceding 12 months. This year, 21 deceased members will be remembered including 10 World War II veterans, three IURP WKH .RUHDQ &RQĂ€LFW DQG IRXU ZKR served in Vietnam. Invitations to the ceremony are being sent to the next-of-kin of all the deceased members. Post 14 is located at 100 Armory Lane in Vergennes.

Ceremony honoring veterans set in Bristol BRISTOL — Nov. 11 of each year is the day that Americans ensure veterans know WKDW FLWL]HQV GHHSO\ DSSUHFLDWH WKH VDFUL¿FHV they have made in the lives to keep our country free.

The public is invited to join the Bristol American Legion Commander Ron LaRose and the Bristol Boy Scouts in a brief ceremony on the park honoring all veterans on Thursday from 5:30-5:45 p.m.

We salute all U.S. Veterans who have served and those who are presently serving. We offer our sincere gratitude for all that you have given.

MacEdward (Continued from Page 4) Middlebury, where he lives with his wife and his fellow pilots and crewmates had to of 50 years, Kirsten. Though nearly 65 years have passed since watch out for the tetanus, typhoid, cholera and dengue fever that preyed on those he was dodging bullets and circumventing the jagged peaks of the Himalayas, his living in such a tropical, humid climate. memories of those great “You’re half-sick all and terrible adventures in the time,â€? he said. “You “You lived in a grass China and India prevail. never have the health you He still remembers the have here. Over there you hut and you slept on injured men who willingly feel half-good the whole a rope bed and there time. You never really feel were usually anywhere suffered for the cause. “And the thing is, good. It’s rainy, it’s wet, they’d never complain,â€? it’s 100 percent humidity from six to 10 people he recalled, sitting in the and the scorpions and rats in your room. You corner of his basement that — you’re in bed and the didn’t have good food he refers to as the “inner rats run over you — that and water.â€? sanctum,â€? surrounded kind of thing.â€? — Foster MacEdward by the clutter of military But miraculously, trinkets — paintings of MacEdward made it out C-46s, boxes of medals, alive and remained in China until 1950, when the Korean War old pairs of pilots’ goggles and maps of broke out. He was recalled to the United East Asia. “Today everybody complains all the States, where he was stationed at the U.S. time about who knows what, but during Air Force base in Westover, Mass. Even after he was discharged, wartime — those young kids — I never, 0DF(GZDUG FRQWLQXHG WR Ă€\ +H Ă€HZ IRU ever heard one complaint,â€? he said. “They 52 years before he had to slow down, and just wanted to get out of there, to get out KH ORJJHG D WRWDO RI Ă€LJKW PLOHV LQ of the mud. I can’t get over that.â€? Tamara Hilmes is at tamarah@ that time. He now has his two feet planted ÂżUPO\ RQ WKH JURXQG DW KLV KRPH LQ addisonindependent.com.

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To those who protected and served,

We Thank You for the dedication shown and the sacrifices made.

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PAGE ! „ A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#%

A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#% „ PAGE

Bruce Emmons

Emmons

(Continued from Page 1) and-yellow striped badge with a little brass leaf stood for the 385 combat missions in which he had taken part during his 25 years of military service. “I guess I just liked the military life,â€? Emmons said, shrugging his shoulder. He ZDV ÂżUVW GUDIWHG LQ ZKHQ KH ZDV MXVW \HDUV ROG DQG UHPDLQHG LQ WKH VHUYLFH XQWLO (PPRQV ZDV ERUQ LQ %ULVWRO LQ DQG grew up in a house on Munsill Avenue, just down the road from his current East Street residence. He trained with the Vermont State Guard under the late Dr. Warren Slocum of Middlebury before heading down to Camp %ODQGLQJ LQ )ORULGD IRU ZHHNV RI WUDLQLQJ With him went his friend, Lincoln resident 5DOSK &REE ,Q (PPRQV DQG &REE were shipped out to England, then France. OFF TO WORLD WAR II Âł, ZHQW WR (QJODQG ÂżUVW DQG VWD\HG WKHUH just for processing and they shipped us across the channel to France in January of 7KHQ WKH\ VKLSSHG PH GRZQ WR 7ULHU Germany, where I joined up with Patton’s 7KLUG $UP\ ´ Emmons judged that Gen. George S. Patton was exactly how he was portrayed in WKH ÂżOP VWDULQJ *HRUJH & 6FRWW BRUCE EMMONS DISPLAYS some of the medals he earned during service in three wars. Âł7KDW *HRUJH & 6FRWW KH PDGH D JRRG Independent photo/Trent Campbell guy to play Patton,â€? Emmons said, recalling the general’s intense manner. were not avoiding stray mortar shells, they rations for so long — if we got the chance were delivered to their base camp on trucks Serving under Patton was beyond entertained themselves by doing things like to get fresh eggs, we’d take them,â€? he said, every so often. strenuous, and when Emmons and the others raiding chicken houses. chuckling. “C rations are the little cans,â€? he said. LQ WKH WK $UPRUHG ,QIDQWU\ 'LYLVLRQ “We’d been eating K rations and C Emmons recalled the meager meals that (See Emmons, Page 7)

(Continued from Page 6) One got used to the shelling after a spell, “You’d get pork and beans, spaghetti and Emmons said, but never completely so. PHDWEDOOV DQG VWXII OLNH WKDW 7KHQ \HDVW “One day, we were going up the Autobahn bread, a big bar of pure chocolate and a pack and we got shelled,â€? he recalled. “We dug in of four cigarettes. K ration was about the on the side and by that time, a mortar shell same, except it was drier — it would come landed right ‌ where we had been sitting.â€? in a box instead of a can.â€? Near-death experiences were part of the 7KH GRXJKER\V RI WKH WK 'LYLVLRQ ZRXOG WK 'LYLVLRQÂśV GDLO\ URXWLQH 2Q DQRWKHU GD\ eat and sleep in buildings in the battle-scarred Emmons was standing with one man in front towns that they had taken over that day. of him, and another by the name of Eubanks “We stationed ourselves VWDQGLQJ MXVW EHKLQG 7KH\ in any building we could were all about eight or nine ÂżQG ´ (PPRQV VDLG Âł:HÂśG “Vietnam was the most feet apart. take over a town and take traumatic — you didn’t “And a mortar shell the buildings we wanted know who you were landed between me and and stay there. Sometimes this front guy,â€? Emmons we’d stay there two days, fighting over there. recalled, tracing the sometimes only one night, You could be walking scenario into the surface and then we’d move on.â€? of his kitchen table as he down the street and It was Patton who urged somebody would walk spoke. “It killed him,â€? his troops ever onward, he said, pointing at the never allowing them more up to you and stick a invisible man standing than a moment’s rest as knife in you.â€? in front, “wounded the — Bruce Emmons guy behind me, and just they made their way across the bloodied Rhine and into knocked me down.â€? Germany. Emmons, throughout his “Patton, he was out ahead of all the rest 25 years of service, had a number of close of them,â€? he said. “When he got started, he shaves, but always seemed to come out only didn’t want to stop.â€? slightly scathed. 7KH WK 'LYLVLRQ ZDV VWDWLRQHG ULJKW RQ :KHQ WKH ZDU ÂżQDOO\ FDPH WR DQ HQG LQ WKH IURQW OLQHV LQ WKH (XURSHDQ 7KHDWHU 0D\ RI (PPRQV ZDV KLJK XS LQ WKH “All the way from the time we crossed %DYDULDQ $OSV KXQNHUHG GRZQ DQG ÂżULQJ the Rhine was a battle, all the way through at invisible enemies — German troops until it was over,â€? he said. “Going down the FDPRXĂ€DJHG E\ WKH WUHHV )LQDOO\ ZRUG Autobahn, we were getting shelled all the UHDFKHG WKH WK WKDW YLFWRU\ KDG EHHQ time.â€? achieved in Europe.

WKHLU ULĂ€HV :H MXVW KHUGHG WKHP EDFN WR rear echelon.â€? Emmons remained in Europe until September, when he was shipped back across the Atlantic on the Aquitania, a fourdeck ship that carried an entire combat division. He landed in New York on Sept. DQG FDPH EDFN WR %ULVWRO IRU D GD\ leave. BACK TO BRISTOL, ON TO KOREA He eventually returned to Bristol High 6FKRRO WR ÂżQLVK KLV VHQLRU \HDU $IWHU WKH war, Emmons laughed, school seemed “real HDV\ ´ 7KH * , %LOO SDLG IRU KLV ERRNV DQG DOVR IRU Ă€LJKW OHVVRQV +H ZDQWHG WR EH DQ Air Force pilot. While at home, he dated *OHQQD 2EHU ZKR RYHU \HDUV ODWHU would become his wife. But life as a pilot, it seems, was just not meant to be. When Emmons tried to enlist, he was told that he was six months over the age limit. Instead, he was sent to 7H[DV IRU ZHHNV RI DLUFUDIW PDLQWHQDQFH training. By that time, the Korean War had EURNHQ RXW DQG LQ (PPRQV ZDV VHQW overseas. BRISTOL RESIDENT BRUCE Emmons “I was over there for a year,â€? he said. “I served with the military between 1943 GLGQÂśW VHH DQ\ ÂżJKWLQJ RYHU WKHUH EHFDXVH and 1968 and saw action in World War II, I was in an aircraft maintenance camp. Korea and Vietnam. 6LFKXDQ ² . LV ZKDW ZH FDOOHG LW ´ Independent photo/Trent Campbell Emmons worked in what they called Âł:H VWLOO KDG ÂżUH SRZHU IURP WKH *HUPDQV ÂłEDVH Ă€LJKW ´ UHSDLULQJ FDUJR DQG VXSSO\ after that for the next couple of days,â€? he planes that were used to haul ammunition VDLG Âł7KHQ WKH\ VWDUWHG FRPLQJ RXW RI WKH and other supplies to the front lines. From Korea, he went to Japan for three woods like ants — what was left of them. (See Germans, Page 9) When they got out in the open they’d drop COUPON

On this Veterans Day, we give thanks for the service so many have given.

Telecommunications Sales & Service

Data Network Cabling & Fiber Optics Systems

802-388-8999

130 Smead Road, Salisbury

The Bristol American Legion Post ď™„ď™Œ meets at pm the th Wednesday of every month.

MIDDLEBURY

20 Seymour Street

802-388-7983 www.BillBeck.com

On Veterans Day we honor those who have served and those who are presently serving in our armed forces.

Cousino Financial Services 23 West St., Bristol, VT 453-2497

I]Vc` ndj id 6aa d[ djg Igddeh Green Mountain Shoe & Apparel 1 Main Street Bristol

20 Main Street Middlebury

453-6337

388-4399

Fire & Ice thanks COUPON

Brick forms for the memorial are still available.

Special Appreciation to all of our Veterans and those who are currently serving in our Armed Forces.

COUPON

Bristol American Legion, Inc. Post ď™„ď™Œ

Salutes all Veteransthose that served in the past and those currently serving.

&

YOU!

10% OFF IRRG IRU 9HWHUDQV

Valid for whole table.

9DOLG 1RY Please call to let us know you are coming with a Veteran!

Fun, Affordable, Local Dining! * Not valid w/ any other coupons, promotions or offers

6WHDNV ‡ 6HDIRRG ‡ 9HJHWDULDQ Huge Salad Bar! Open 7 nights plus weekend lunches Fri., Sat. & Sun. 6H\PRXU 6W 0LGGOHEXU\ ‡ ZZZ ÀUHDQGLFHUHVWDXUDQW FRP


PAGE ! „ A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#%

A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#% „ PAGE

Bruce Emmons

Emmons

(Continued from Page 1) and-yellow striped badge with a little brass leaf stood for the 385 combat missions in which he had taken part during his 25 years of military service. “I guess I just liked the military life,â€? Emmons said, shrugging his shoulder. He ZDV ÂżUVW GUDIWHG LQ ZKHQ KH ZDV MXVW \HDUV ROG DQG UHPDLQHG LQ WKH VHUYLFH XQWLO (PPRQV ZDV ERUQ LQ %ULVWRO LQ DQG grew up in a house on Munsill Avenue, just down the road from his current East Street residence. He trained with the Vermont State Guard under the late Dr. Warren Slocum of Middlebury before heading down to Camp %ODQGLQJ LQ )ORULGD IRU ZHHNV RI WUDLQLQJ With him went his friend, Lincoln resident 5DOSK &REE ,Q (PPRQV DQG &REE were shipped out to England, then France. OFF TO WORLD WAR II Âł, ZHQW WR (QJODQG ÂżUVW DQG VWD\HG WKHUH just for processing and they shipped us across the channel to France in January of 7KHQ WKH\ VKLSSHG PH GRZQ WR 7ULHU Germany, where I joined up with Patton’s 7KLUG $UP\ ´ Emmons judged that Gen. George S. Patton was exactly how he was portrayed in WKH ÂżOP VWDULQJ *HRUJH & 6FRWW BRUCE EMMONS DISPLAYS some of the medals he earned during service in three wars. Âł7KDW *HRUJH & 6FRWW KH PDGH D JRRG Independent photo/Trent Campbell guy to play Patton,â€? Emmons said, recalling the general’s intense manner. were not avoiding stray mortar shells, they rations for so long — if we got the chance were delivered to their base camp on trucks Serving under Patton was beyond entertained themselves by doing things like to get fresh eggs, we’d take them,â€? he said, every so often. strenuous, and when Emmons and the others raiding chicken houses. chuckling. “C rations are the little cans,â€? he said. LQ WKH WK $UPRUHG ,QIDQWU\ 'LYLVLRQ “We’d been eating K rations and C Emmons recalled the meager meals that (See Emmons, Page 7)

(Continued from Page 6) One got used to the shelling after a spell, “You’d get pork and beans, spaghetti and Emmons said, but never completely so. PHDWEDOOV DQG VWXII OLNH WKDW 7KHQ \HDVW “One day, we were going up the Autobahn bread, a big bar of pure chocolate and a pack and we got shelled,â€? he recalled. “We dug in of four cigarettes. K ration was about the on the side and by that time, a mortar shell same, except it was drier — it would come landed right ‌ where we had been sitting.â€? in a box instead of a can.â€? Near-death experiences were part of the 7KH GRXJKER\V RI WKH WK 'LYLVLRQ ZRXOG WK 'LYLVLRQÂśV GDLO\ URXWLQH 2Q DQRWKHU GD\ eat and sleep in buildings in the battle-scarred Emmons was standing with one man in front towns that they had taken over that day. of him, and another by the name of Eubanks “We stationed ourselves VWDQGLQJ MXVW EHKLQG 7KH\ in any building we could were all about eight or nine ÂżQG ´ (PPRQV VDLG Âł:HÂśG “Vietnam was the most feet apart. take over a town and take traumatic — you didn’t “And a mortar shell the buildings we wanted know who you were landed between me and and stay there. Sometimes this front guy,â€? Emmons we’d stay there two days, fighting over there. recalled, tracing the sometimes only one night, You could be walking scenario into the surface and then we’d move on.â€? of his kitchen table as he down the street and It was Patton who urged somebody would walk spoke. “It killed him,â€? his troops ever onward, he said, pointing at the never allowing them more up to you and stick a invisible man standing than a moment’s rest as knife in you.â€? in front, “wounded the — Bruce Emmons guy behind me, and just they made their way across the bloodied Rhine and into knocked me down.â€? Germany. Emmons, throughout his “Patton, he was out ahead of all the rest 25 years of service, had a number of close of them,â€? he said. “When he got started, he shaves, but always seemed to come out only didn’t want to stop.â€? slightly scathed. 7KH WK 'LYLVLRQ ZDV VWDWLRQHG ULJKW RQ :KHQ WKH ZDU ÂżQDOO\ FDPH WR DQ HQG LQ WKH IURQW OLQHV LQ WKH (XURSHDQ 7KHDWHU 0D\ RI (PPRQV ZDV KLJK XS LQ WKH “All the way from the time we crossed %DYDULDQ $OSV KXQNHUHG GRZQ DQG ÂżULQJ the Rhine was a battle, all the way through at invisible enemies — German troops until it was over,â€? he said. “Going down the FDPRXĂ€DJHG E\ WKH WUHHV )LQDOO\ ZRUG Autobahn, we were getting shelled all the UHDFKHG WKH WK WKDW YLFWRU\ KDG EHHQ time.â€? achieved in Europe.

WKHLU ULĂ€HV :H MXVW KHUGHG WKHP EDFN WR rear echelon.â€? Emmons remained in Europe until September, when he was shipped back across the Atlantic on the Aquitania, a fourdeck ship that carried an entire combat division. He landed in New York on Sept. DQG FDPH EDFN WR %ULVWRO IRU D GD\ leave. BACK TO BRISTOL, ON TO KOREA He eventually returned to Bristol High 6FKRRO WR ÂżQLVK KLV VHQLRU \HDU $IWHU WKH war, Emmons laughed, school seemed “real HDV\ ´ 7KH * , %LOO SDLG IRU KLV ERRNV DQG DOVR IRU Ă€LJKW OHVVRQV +H ZDQWHG WR EH DQ Air Force pilot. While at home, he dated *OHQQD 2EHU ZKR RYHU \HDUV ODWHU would become his wife. But life as a pilot, it seems, was just not meant to be. When Emmons tried to enlist, he was told that he was six months over the age limit. Instead, he was sent to 7H[DV IRU ZHHNV RI DLUFUDIW PDLQWHQDQFH training. By that time, the Korean War had EURNHQ RXW DQG LQ (PPRQV ZDV VHQW overseas. BRISTOL RESIDENT BRUCE Emmons “I was over there for a year,â€? he said. “I served with the military between 1943 GLGQÂśW VHH DQ\ ÂżJKWLQJ RYHU WKHUH EHFDXVH and 1968 and saw action in World War II, I was in an aircraft maintenance camp. Korea and Vietnam. 6LFKXDQ ² . LV ZKDW ZH FDOOHG LW ´ Independent photo/Trent Campbell Emmons worked in what they called Âł:H VWLOO KDG ÂżUH SRZHU IURP WKH *HUPDQV ÂłEDVH Ă€LJKW ´ UHSDLULQJ FDUJR DQG VXSSO\ after that for the next couple of days,â€? he planes that were used to haul ammunition VDLG Âł7KHQ WKH\ VWDUWHG FRPLQJ RXW RI WKH and other supplies to the front lines. From Korea, he went to Japan for three woods like ants — what was left of them. (See Germans, Page 9) When they got out in the open they’d drop COUPON

On this Veterans Day, we give thanks for the service so many have given.

Telecommunications Sales & Service

Data Network Cabling & Fiber Optics Systems

802-388-8999

130 Smead Road, Salisbury

The Bristol American Legion Post ď™„ď™Œ meets at pm the th Wednesday of every month.

MIDDLEBURY

20 Seymour Street

802-388-7983 www.BillBeck.com

On Veterans Day we honor those who have served and those who are presently serving in our armed forces.

Cousino Financial Services 23 West St., Bristol, VT 453-2497

I]Vc` ndj id 6aa d[ djg Igddeh Green Mountain Shoe & Apparel 1 Main Street Bristol

20 Main Street Middlebury

453-6337

388-4399

Fire & Ice thanks COUPON

Brick forms for the memorial are still available.

Special Appreciation to all of our Veterans and those who are currently serving in our Armed Forces.

COUPON

Bristol American Legion, Inc. Post ď™„ď™Œ

Salutes all Veteransthose that served in the past and those currently serving.

&

YOU!

10% OFF IRRG IRU 9HWHUDQV

Valid for whole table.

9DOLG 1RY Please call to let us know you are coming with a Veteran!

Fun, Affordable, Local Dining! * Not valid w/ any other coupons, promotions or offers

6WHDNV ‡ 6HDIRRG ‡ 9HJHWDULDQ Huge Salad Bar! Open 7 nights plus weekend lunches Fri., Sat. & Sun. 6H\PRXU 6W 0LGGOHEXU\ ‡ ZZZ ÀUHDQGLFHUHVWDXUDQW FRP


PAGE !„ A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#%

A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#% „ PAGE

VPT to air veterans programs STATEWIDE — Vermont Public Television will honor and help veterans with two specials airing on Nov. 11 and 12. VPT’s monthly “Public Square� special, broadcast and webcast live on Thursday, Nov. 11, at 8 p.m., will look at services available in Vermont for veterans of all ages. Host Kristin Carlson and panelists will invite viewers to call 1-866-424-LIVE with questions during the show. Questions and comments are also welcome in advance to connect@vpt.org. The program will be broadcast statewide

and be webcast at www.vpt.org. Links to resources for veterans will be posted to www.vpt.org. On Friday, Nov. 12, at 10 p.m., VPT will broadcast “The War at Home,â€? a moving documentary produced by students at 1RUZLFK 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ 1RUWKÂżHOG ,W WHOOV personal stories of the readjustments that combat veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan face when they return home. Many of those interviewed are Norwich student veterans. Some of the student producers have been or will be deployed to Afghanistan upon graduation.

Vergennes Legion hosts meal, service Always remembered CITIZENS OF HANCOCK this past Memorial Day dedicated a new honor roll that lists the names of all local residents who have served in the U.S. armed forces since World War I. The new monument, located near the new ¿UH VWDWLRQ RII 5RXWH LQ WKH YLOODJH LV FRPSRVHG RI WKUHH JUHHQ PDUEOH VODEV ZLWK WKUHH ÀDJSROHV WKDW À\ WKH 8 6 ÀDJ WKH 9HUPRQW ÀDJ DQG WKH 0LVVLQJ ,Q $FWLRQ ÀDJ 7KH PDUEOH IRU WKH KRQRU UROO ZDV GRQDWHG E\ 9HUPRQW 9HUGH $QWLTXH WKH FRPSDQ\ WKDW ERXJKW WKH former Hancock plywood mill. ,QGHSHQGHQW SKRWRV -RKQ 6 0F&ULJKW

VERGENNES — Thursday, Nov. 11, Veterans Day, will be a busy one at American Legion Post 14 in Vergennes. After a noon luncheon that included the DQQXDO WXUNH\ GLQQHU ZLWK DOO WKH ¿[LQJV for area veterans and their spouses and members of Autumn Years Senior Citizens of Vergennes, the post in the evening will conduct its annual Post Everlasting service at the beginning of the regularly scheduled 7:30 p.m. meeting. This solemn ceremony, which is conducted

in November to coincide with Veterans Day, honors members of Post 14 who have died during the preceding 12 months. This year, 21 deceased members will be remembered including 10 World War II veterans, three IURP WKH .RUHDQ &RQĂ€LFW DQG IRXU ZKR served in Vietnam. Invitations to the ceremony are being sent to the next-of-kin of all the deceased members. Post 14 is located at 100 Armory Lane in Vergennes.

Ceremony honoring veterans set in Bristol BRISTOL — Nov. 11 of each year is the day that Americans ensure veterans know WKDW FLWL]HQV GHHSO\ DSSUHFLDWH WKH VDFUL¿FHV they have made in the lives to keep our country free.

The public is invited to join the Bristol American Legion Commander Ron LaRose and the Bristol Boy Scouts in a brief ceremony on the park honoring all veterans on Thursday from 5:30-5:45 p.m.

We salute all U.S. Veterans who have served and those who are presently serving. We offer our sincere gratitude for all that you have given.

MacEdward (Continued from Page 4) Middlebury, where he lives with his wife and his fellow pilots and crewmates had to of 50 years, Kirsten. Though nearly 65 years have passed since watch out for the tetanus, typhoid, cholera and dengue fever that preyed on those he was dodging bullets and circumventing the jagged peaks of the Himalayas, his living in such a tropical, humid climate. memories of those great “You’re half-sick all and terrible adventures in the time,â€? he said. “You “You lived in a grass China and India prevail. never have the health you He still remembers the have here. Over there you hut and you slept on injured men who willingly feel half-good the whole a rope bed and there time. You never really feel were usually anywhere suffered for the cause. “And the thing is, good. It’s rainy, it’s wet, they’d never complain,â€? it’s 100 percent humidity from six to 10 people he recalled, sitting in the and the scorpions and rats in your room. You corner of his basement that — you’re in bed and the didn’t have good food he refers to as the “inner rats run over you — that and water.â€? sanctum,â€? surrounded kind of thing.â€? — Foster MacEdward by the clutter of military But miraculously, trinkets — paintings of MacEdward made it out C-46s, boxes of medals, alive and remained in China until 1950, when the Korean War old pairs of pilots’ goggles and maps of broke out. He was recalled to the United East Asia. “Today everybody complains all the States, where he was stationed at the U.S. time about who knows what, but during Air Force base in Westover, Mass. Even after he was discharged, wartime — those young kids — I never, 0DF(GZDUG FRQWLQXHG WR Ă€\ +H Ă€HZ IRU ever heard one complaint,â€? he said. “They 52 years before he had to slow down, and just wanted to get out of there, to get out KH ORJJHG D WRWDO RI Ă€LJKW PLOHV LQ of the mud. I can’t get over that.â€? Tamara Hilmes is at tamarah@ that time. He now has his two feet planted ÂżUPO\ RQ WKH JURXQG DW KLV KRPH LQ addisonindependent.com.

0,''/(%85< 5(6,'(17 )267(5 0DF(GZDUG ÀHZ & VXSSO\ SODQHV RYHU WKH +LPDOD\DV EHWZHHQ ,QGLD DQG &KLQD GXULQJ :RUOG :DU ,, ,QGHSHQGHQW SKRWR 7UHQW &DPSEHOO

To those who protected and served,

We Thank You for the dedication shown and the sacrifices made.

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A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" $%#% „ PAGE

Foster MacEdward

Germans

$IWHU WKUHH ZHHNV RI Ă€\LQJ RQ D WUDQVSRUW (Continued from Page 1) The 22-year-old from Union, Maine, from Florida to Haiti, then Brazil, over to Ascension Island and through the Sudan, had not known what to expect. “Nobody knew what India was,â€? MacEdward landed on the polo grounds MacEdward said. “Nobody on the airplane of Chabua in northeastern India. From knew what India was about. But it was WKHUH KH ZDV DVVLJQHG WR ³À\ 7KH +XPS ´ or the path from Chabua wartime. Everybody was to Kun-ming, China. ‘do or die.’â€? “I had the airplane, The route was about 550 MacEdward was born in miles long, one-way — Strong, Maine, and moved and it was a game not about the same distance with his family to Union to get shot down. Get Middlebury to when he was still young. out there and see what from Richmond, Va., according He grew up collecting the milk from cows and you could see but don’t to MacEdward. But what lay between the two pasteurizing it at his get shot down. Don’t points was awesome — father’s creamery. But his become a casualty. It the Himalaya mountain interest had always lain in was a kind of a game. range. Ă€\LQJ SODQHV Don’t forget when I “So many airplanes “We had airplanes went down on this route as kids,â€? he said. “We went over there I was that they called it the put them together. They only 22. And when Aluminum Trail,â€? he GLGQÂśW Ă€\ PXFK EXW ZH you’re 22 you don’t said. When he looked were interested in them. down from the cockpit, We had seven children in know much.â€? — Foster MacEdward he could see the metallic WKH IDPLO\ ² ÂżYH ER\V remains of fallen aircraft and two girls. But we glittering along the didn’t have any money — I couldn’t afford any bolts or nails or riverbanks and mountain ridges. MacEdward explained that the anything else. Maine was so poor then, in American C-46 cargo planes and their ’27, ’28 and ’29 — still is.â€? When he grew older, MacEdward left crews frequently fell victim to Japanese the farm to attend the University of Maine ÂżUH DQG WR LFHG RYHU HQJLQHV ZKLOH PDNLQJ to study engineering. Before he could the trip. “The big problem we had there was ÂżQLVK KLV GHJUHH :RUOG :DU ,, EURNH RXW the icing,â€? he said. “The icing would and MacEdward joined the service as a stop the engines and then you couldn’t pilot.

! u o Y e t u l a S We

Thank You

to all who have served and are serving!

BRANDON, VT 247-9500

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3108 VT Rte 22A Mon. - Fri. 7:30 - 5 Sat. 8-12

hold altitude. Your minimum altitude was there I was only 22. And when you’re 22 about 15- or 16,000 feet, and if you lost you don’t know much, but you’re healthy, an engine, the airplane would only hold you know.â€? altitude down to seven.â€? For the young pilot, every day meant a “The Humpâ€? is a particularly treacherous new adventure. region of Western Yunnan with snowy “I went all over the place,â€? he said. “I peaks sliced dramatically by deep river done everything I could. I think every trip valleys. In order to keep the plane from was an adventure — I tried to see the fun crashing into the craggy surface of the of it.â€? Himalayas, pilots had to revert back to the But looking on the bright side was not geography lessons that they had memorized always easy. during training. “The hardest part was “You had to know where “Today everybody the living conditions,â€? you were,â€? MacEdward complains all the time he said. “You lived in a said. “There were three grass hut and you slept on rivers there, Salween, about who knows what, a rope bed and there were Mekong and Yangtze, but during wartime — usually anywhere from and between each one of those young kids — I six to 10 people in your those, the mountain would room. You didn’t have never, ever heard one go up to 14,000 feet. So good food and the water you had to memorize the complaint.â€? — you had to be very — Foster MacEdward careful with the water. hump so that if you lost it, you could go down into You were always on the that valley and you could verge of having ‘The Ă€\ VRXWK ´ Belly.’â€? But MacEdward was lucky enough to “The Belly,â€? MacEdward explained, sidestep both the dangerous conditions was a highly uncomfortable condition DQG WKH -DSDQHVH ÂżUH 7KRXJK KH ZDV caused by the expansion of an oxygen shot at a few times, his plane never went bubble in one’s stomach that doubled in down. size in altitudes of 16,000 feet. “It was a game for me,â€? he said. “I had Âł2K \HDK \RX ZHUH ÂżJKWLQJ WKDW DOO WKH the airplane, and it was a game not to get time,â€? he said. “You never had the health shot down. Get out there and see what you had here. It was gas. You would blow you could see but don’t get shot down. up with gas in the intestine.â€? Don’t become a casualty. It was a kind Along with “The Belly,â€? MacEdward of a game. Don’t forget when I went over (See MacEdward, Page 5)

Veterans Day is November 11th VERGENNES American Legion Post #14 Ladies Auxiliary Unit #14 Sons of the American Legion Sq. #14

Honoring those who have served & those who still serve in our country’s armed forces.

(Continued from Page 7) years to work on C-47s — “the workhorse of the Air Force,â€? he chimed. He lived in Ukodo, just outside of Tokyo. As he was stationed in Japan for three years, he had time to explore the country a bit before returning to the United States. “I went to the top of Mount Fuji once,â€? he said. “They’ve got good trails up there. They have a restaurant halfway up that you can stop at — this was back in 1955.â€? COMBAT MISSIONS IN VIETNAM In the 10 years following his return and before he left for Vietnam, Emmons lived and worked in Westover, Mass., where he continued to do maintenance on C-47s. After another stint of training at the Vandenberg Air Force Base in Florida, he was sent to Vietnam in January of 1965, ZKHUH KH Ă€HZ LQ & FDUJR SODQHV ZKDW WKH\ FDOOHG ÂłWUHH WRS Ă€\HUV ´ “I was in the 19th Air Commandos,â€? he VDLG Âł, OLNHG LW ² WUHH WRS OHYHO Ă€\LQJ dropping in supplies to military bases, hauling out wounded and dead.â€? Along with delivering supplies, the FRPPDQGRV ZRXOG GURS Ă€DUHV DURXQG army posts that were under attack at night. “One night, I remember, the number one engine on the plane, which was the left engine, started messing up, so we had WR ODQG LQ DQ DEDQGRQHG DLUÂżHOG RXW LQ WKH jungle,â€? he said. Emmons repaired the broken engine by Ă€DVKOLJKW DQG WKH FUHZPHPEHUV PDGH LW

back in the air in time to complete their They’re after your butt, so you’re staying PLVVLRQ EHIRUH Ă€\LQJ EDFN VNLPPLQJ WKH on the ground,’â€? Emmons recalled. “He tops of dark jungles, to the Saigon base. ZRXOGQÂśW OHW PH Ă€\ DQ\PRUH ´ 'XULQJ DQRWKHU RQH RI WKH FRPEDW %XW DW WKDW SRLQW (PPRQV ZDV RQO\ missions that Emmons completed while days away from home in Bristol — a far stationed in Vietnam, he cry from the six-man huts crashed his plane in the in Tan Son Nhut where he middle of a rice paddy “C rations are the lived for eight months, near Canto. hardly ever stepping foot little cans. You’d “It was totaled,â€? he said. off the base. “They had to send trucks get pork and beans, “You didn’t go off the out to pick us up and take spaghetti and base often,â€? he said. “You us back to the base.â€? could go into Saigon Two days after he meatballs and stuff every once in awhile, into crashed, on Oct. 28, 1965, like that. Then yeast town, but then you had to Emmons was wounded bread, a big bar watch out for these shoejust after taking off. shine boys.â€? “I took off and a shell of pure chocolate The little village boys came through the bottom and a pack of four would come up to the of the airplane,â€? he cigarettes. K ration soldiers, asking to shine recounted. “It was just their shoes. When they a 50-caliber shell and was about the same, walked away, they’d leave when it hit the chains, it except it was drier — their kits behind. shattered and I got hit in “And when they did, you it would come in a the arm. ran like the devil, because “It’s hot, too, when it box instead of a can.â€? generally, you wouldn’t — Bruce Emmons get too far before the kit hits,â€? he added. After receiving the would explode,â€? Emmons wound that earned him said. the Purple Heart, Emmons’ commanding Men in restaurants, he said, would RIÂżFHU EDQLVKHG KLP WR WKH PLQXWH pull a similar stunt with their briefcases. PLON UXQ Ă€LJKW IURP 7DQ 6DQ 1KXW WR 9XQJ One could be sitting down to lunch when Tau. Emmons remembers approaching his someone would walk in with a briefcase. RIÂżFHU DERXW WKH GHFLVLRQ They would sit down and eat their meal, Âł+H VDLG Âľ:HOO \RXÂśYH JRW and when they paid, got up and left, the combat missions in, and you crashed the briefcase would still be sitting beneath the day before yesterday and you were hit. table. Emmons quickly learned that when

one saw a man like this get up and leave, he better get up and leave with him. “Vietnam was the most traumatic — you GLGQÂśW NQRZ ZKR \RX ZHUH ÂżJKWLQJ RYHU there,â€? he said. “You could be walking down the street and somebody would walk up to you and stick a knife in you.â€? When the war in Vietnam came to a ELWWHU HQG (PPRQV ÂżUVW ZHQW EDFN WR Massachusetts, then Maine and Florida before returning to Bristol to stay. He had heard that Glenna was still in the area, and he dialed 411 to get her number. “Two years later, I moved back up here and we got married in 2006,â€? he said. “We were married four years ago in this room right here, 20 minutes past two, by George Smith.â€? Smith, who performed the ceremony in the tiny kitchen of Emmons’s East Street home, had been one of his high school classmates before he had been drafted into World War II. Things had changed in Bristol since ::,, EHJDQ ² WKH Ă€RZHU DQG ODQGVFDSLQJ store that was once called Japanese Gardens, had changed its name to Bristol Gardens once the U.S. declared war on Japan. And Emmons had changed, too. +H ZDV \HDUV ROGHU KDYLQJ VSHQW ZHOO over a quarter of that time in the armed services. “Whenever my time was up, I reenlisted. I just never got out,â€? Emmons said. “It got so I’d hear a plane go over and I could tell if something was wrong with the engine.â€?

4HE FAMI 4HE 3HEA 4HE FAMILY AND STAFF ALL OF AREA V SALUTE 4HE 3HEA -OTOR #O DUTY SOLDIERS

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A publication of the Addison Independent# November !!# $"!" „ PAGE

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We Salute You! ,D>CJG<NÂą*@ G<I> PFC, Vermont Guards

Stationed at Camp Pheonix, Afghanistan You are doing a great job. We are so proud of you. Love you millions, xxoo SUBMITTED BY HENRIETTA HASKINS, BRISTOL

<MJIÂą Âą$@II Major

US Marine Corps Stationed in Command Quaters, NC

Thank you for serving!

+<OOC@RÂą&@NNG@M

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Staff Sergeant E6

Staff Sergeant E6

US Army

US Air Force

Stationed at Fort Richardson, AK

Stationed at Elmendorf A.F.B., AK

We love you both and are real proud of you. Mom & Dad Adam SUBMITTED BY DAN & DIANE ADAM, LINCOLN

SUBMITTED BY ELLEN FENN, MIDDLEBURY

*P><NÂą/P@II@QDGG@ Sergeant

US Army Stationed at Fort Bliss, TX We are so proud of you for protecting our country. Love your wife Alexis, Mom, Dad & Justin

.CDGDKÂą$M<I>DNÂą2D@MI@T Staff Sergeant Air Force Stationed in Asian Pacific Theater Dad - Miss you, love you, proud of you and your two Purple Hearts. SUBMITTED BY MAUREEN TIERNEY, LECIESTER

(JCIÂą0D>C<M?Âą&<DBDN Lieutenant Colonel US Army, Vermont National Guards Stationed in Germany, Korea, Missouri & Georgia Very good army engineer and member of the Vermont National Guard. We all miss you! SUBMITTED BY ANNA M. HAIGIS

ROSIE SPAHN ATTENDED operating room specialist school in Alabama while serving in the Air Force in the 1960s.

Spahn (Continued from Page 2) department of the Counseling Service of Addison County. She looks back on her time in the Air Force with a mixture of emotions. %XW XOWLPDWHO\ VKH VDLG WKH GLIÂżFXOW WLPH

KDG LWV EHQHÂżWV “I got a job skill — they gave it to me,â€? she said. “And I got to see California, somewhere I would never have gone if I’d stayed home. I would have been in a factory

SUBMITTED BY CAROL QUENNEVILLE, WHITING

"<QD?Âą MDG@T<

PFC US Army Stationed in Vietnam 1966 - 11 June 1967 Kia PFC Brileya, Charlie Company 2 BTN 22 INF 4th & 25th Infantry Div. Kia 11 June 1967

WE SALUTE OUR TROOPS! 2XU ÂżUP HPSOR\V YHWHUDQV 6HWK .LWWULGJH 5RQ /D5RVH BWdZ Ikhl[o_d]" Jefe]hWf^_Y Ikhl[o_d]" BWdZ FbWdd_d]" I[fj_Y :[i_]d WdZ IjWj[ BeYWb F[hc_jj_d] ĂˆN\ n`cc Xjj`jk pfl k_ifl^_ k_\ g\id`kk`e^ gifZ\jj%É ), N\jk Jk% › GF 9fo *// › 9i`jkfc# MK ',++* K\c\g_fe\1 /')$+,*$*/(/ › =Xo1 /')$*)0$)(*/ › nnn%cXifj\jlim\pj%Zfd

SUBMITTED BY STEVEN STANLEY, SALISBURY

11BO Âą(DHÂą1G<O@M VT Air National Guard

Stationed in Kuwait, 2008 Remembering your service to our country and your part in the war on terrorism. With much love and pride, your wife. SUBMITTED BY CINDY SLATER, MIDDLEBURY

To all the Veterans: Thank you for so courageously serving our Country! Champlain Valley Orthopedics 'U %HQMDPLQ 5RVHQEHUJ ‡ 'U (ULF %HQ] *HRUJH &RQQHOO\ 3$ & ‡ 7ULQD :LOVRQ 3$ &

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somewhere.� A photo album of Polaroids from those years shows those times: friends, spotless rooms, service members relaxing on their time off, drinks in hand.

“There are some memories — some good stories,� she said with a smile. Reporter Andrea Suozzo is at andreas@ addisonindependent.com.


PAGE ! „ A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" !$#$

A publication of the Addison Independent" November ##" !$#$ „ PAGE

Rosie Spahn (Continued from Page 1) She joined, in part, for her father. He had been stationed in Africa serving in the Army Air Corps during World War II, and the onset of polio forced him to return to the United States before his term of service was up. “He always wanted his kids to go in and VRUW RI ÂżQLVK IRU KLP ZKDW KH ZDVQÂśW DEOH WR ÂżQLVK ´ VDLG 6SDKQ Âł$QG , ZDV WKH RQH WKDW ZHQW LQ ´ A sister considered service, then decided not to. A brother left the armed forces on a medical release. So Spahn was the one to spend her four years serving in the Air Force. Her decision, she said, was unusual. “I think women in the military receive PRUH UHVSHFW QRZ WKDQ WKH\ GLG WKHQ ´ VKH VDLG Âł,W ZDVQÂśW YLHZHG DV D SODFH WR JR ´ But faced with the choices, Spahn opted for the military. Her other choices were to go to college, to get married or to get a job in a factory near her hometown of Rochester, N.Y. So just after graduation, she headed for Lackland for basic, which was an overhaul of every aspect of their lives, from the LEICESTER RESIDENT ROSIE Spahn was stationed in California and worked as a surgical scrub technician for the Air Force way they made their beds to the way they polished their shoes. It was, Spahn during the Vietnam War. Independent photo/Trent Campbell remembered, overwhelming. Âł:H GLG D ORW RI PDUFKLQJ <RXÂśG PDUFK to the mess hall, walk in, get your food, processing, the Air Force needed people in ZKDW ZDV JRLQJ RQ RXWVLGH ZDV VORZ WR ÂżOWHU 20 miles north. in. Then, after her term of duty ended, she \RXÂśG VWDQG E\ WKH WDEOH ZLWK \RXU KDQG the hospitals. Âł,W ZDV NLQG RI D EXEEOH $QG , GLGQÂśW KDYH got an apartment in San Francisco and a job raised until every table had all four people. ‘YOU DID WHAT WAS NEEDED’ Âł,W GLGQÂśW UHDOO\ PDWWHU ZKDW P\ VNLOO VHW D FDU VR , ZDV RQ WKH EDVH TXLWH D ORW ´ VKH DW 0DF\ÂśV 2Q WKH ZHHNHQGV WKH PDQ VKH 7KHQ \RXÂśG VLW GRZQ HDW \RXU IRRG DQG ZDV ´ VKH VDLG Âł%DFN WKHQ LW ZDV ZKDW WKH\ said. “The Vietnam war was going on, but it would later marry, who was still working \RX ZRXOG QRW WDON ´ ZDVQÂśW D ZDU LW ZDV D FRQĂ€LFW , GLGQÂśW JHW in the hospital on the base, came to the Then there were the inspections. QHHGHG WKDWÂśV ZKDW \RX GLG ´ So she was sent to Alabama for operating LW , GLGQÂśW NQRZ ZKDW LW ZDV WKLV 9LHWQDP city to visit her — which she said was still Uniforms had to be just-so, starched, with WKLQJ , ZDV ZRUNLQJ LQ D KRVSLWDO 7KDWÂśV considered outrageous, even in 1960s San perfectly polished shoes and clean gloves. room specialist school. “I said, ‘OK, nothing with blood. A lab, ZKDW , ZDV GRLQJ DOO GD\ ´ Francisco. Floors had to be polished, and beds had to In her duties as a surgical scrub technician, Once he got out of the service, the two be perfectly made, with the sheets rolled UHFRUGV IURQW GHVN ² ÂżQH ϫ VDLG 6SDKQ $QG KHU DVVLJQPHQW" Âł%ORRG EORRG EORRG ´ Spahn helped out in one of the two operating got married. down a certain number of inches. Alabama at the time was a center in the rooms in the hospital on Hamilton Air Force “We lived in San Francisco and protested During one inspection, one of the four VWUDSV RI 6SDKQÂśV ODXQGU\ EDJ KDQJLQJ civil rights movement, and heading there Base in Novato, Calif. The hospital was just WKH ZDU ´ VKH VDLG ZLWK D VPLOH EHGV DQG VHUYHG WKH RIÂżFHUV DQG WKHLU Eventually Spahn went back to work over the bedpost, was slightly above the meant heading into turmoil. “Riots were happening, the Ku Klux families. in hospitals, and after a divorce she took rest. For that, she received a demerit. The women lived in three barracks on advantage of the G.I. Bill and enrolled in In this orderly environment, women were Klan was there, the Montgomery Four had not allowed to mingle with the men — it RFFXUUHG ´ VKH VDLG ² UHIHUULQJ WR WKH IRXU WAF (Women in the Air Force) Hill, above college. That done, she moved back home to was only near the end of basic training that black girls who died as a result a Ku Klux the base, each with her own room. They still Rochester, where she worked with software. had rules — their curfew was earlier than A new job brought her to New Hampshire, they were offered the privilege to have a Klan bombing in 1963. But regardless of what went on off the that of the men, and their hats still had to where she met Mike Korkuc, a Vermont cup of coffee with someone of the opposite base, during her time in the Air Force Spahn be at the proper angle, the skirts the right native who would become her domestic gender. partner. After graduation Spahn headed to VDLG YHU\ OLWWOH QHZV ÂżOWHUHG RQWR WKH EDVH length, and their shoes polished. But as time passed, Spahn and her friends These days Spahn lives in Leicester Alabama, where she was enrolled in Even after being posted to California and medical specialist school. Though her entry gaining the right — and the free time — to ventured off of the base, attending concerts and works for the information technology testing had revealed an aptitude for data leave the base, she said the awareness of and talks in San Francisco, which was about (See Spahn, Page 3)

A Salute to All

117 South Main St. ‹ Middlebury ‹ 388-2311

Marines Stationed at Marine Corps Air Station in Beaufort, SC

Joshua, thanks for your 2+ years of service to our country, in Afghanistan and Beaufort. I am proud to have you as my son! We love you and thank you for your sacrifice to our country and the freedom we enjoy. SUBMITTED BY ALAN WILKINSON, NEW HAVEN

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0JTÂą# Âą5DGFDINJI

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Lt. Commander US Navy Stationed in Norfolk, VA

We are proud of you. Thank you for your service and thank you to all men and women serving in our armed forces. SUBMITTED BY ROD & SHELLY COUSINO, BRISTOL

0@BDI<G?Âą[.JMFT`Âą5@?B@

Dad, thanks for your 20 years of service to our country from WWII, Iwo Jima, Korea, & Vietnam, as well as the home front. I am proud to be your son!

US Navy

SUBMITTED BY ALAN WILKINSON, NEW HAVEN

Seaman 2nd Class V6

Stationed in Samson, NY. Served on the USS Lake Champlain when it was commissioned. SUBMITTED BY THE WEDGE FAMILY

*TI?JIÂą# Âą$DNC Private First Class Infantry Stationed in Germany during WWII We are so very proud of you, Dad. Thank you for serving our country. We love you, Laurie, Debbie, Bill & Andy. SUBMITTED BY DEBRA LYONS

SUBMITTED BY DONNA MCKAY, MIDDLEBURY

Thanks does not fully express the depth of our gratitude to the Veterans and the men & women presently serving our country in the Armed Forces.

!CMDNÂą!JPNDIJ

Retired Marine

Lt. Cmdr. Emerald McKay wore his uniform with pride and we are proud of him.

Who Have Served Locally Owned and Operated

!.*Âą(JNCP<Âą Âą5DGFDINJI

Lieutenant Commander Navy Stationed in Pacific Fleet in WWII & Korean War

Our Veterans

Sanderson -Ducharme Funeral Home

We Salute You!

#H@M<G?Âą+>)<T

We Honor and Remember

##

!JMTÂą#G?@M Staff Sergeant US Army Stationed in Iraq

I’m proud of my son for sacrificing his life for others and our country, we pray every day for a safe return. Love, Mom SUBMITTED BY CINDY ELDER, VERGENNES

(@?D?D<CÂą5@IOU Captain US Army Stationed in Afghanistan

Jedidiah Wentz is a courageous young man who was awarded a bronze star. He has served in Iraq and is now stationed in Afghanistan. Jed is the grandson of Lt. Cmdr. Emerald McKay. SUBMITTED BY DONNA MCKAY, SALISBURY


PAGE !" „ A publication of the Addison Independent# November !!# "$!$

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War images still vivid for MacEdward

By TAMARA HILMES MIDDLEBURY — Foster MacEdward, or “Mac� as friends and family call him, turned 90 on Oct. 22. And though many years have passed, he still vividly recalls being just 22 years old and seeing other young men his age lying in the mud, arms shot off and with little white maggots !!"#$%&'()"#*)$$*+"&,--.$/()% 0"!1102345 beginning to wriggle and swarm. WiFi while you wait! “It was so wet and so humid that just

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By ANDREA SUOZZO LEICESTER — Of the 40 women who entered basic training with Rosie Spahn at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas in August of 1964, just 17 graduated. “It was hard,â€? said Spahn, a Leicester resident. “They’d tear everything out of you, then turn you into a soldier.â€? Spahn didn’t actually go into active duty — women at that point didn’t enter the Air Force with the hope of being posted overseas. The 18-year-old who had never been on a plane instead headed to Texas, Alabama DQG ÂżQDOO\ &DOLIRUQLD WR VHUYH RXW KHU IRXU year term in Air Force hospitals, while the 9LHWQDP FRQĂ€LFW UDJHG RQ RYHUVHDV (See Rosie Spahn, Page 2)

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overnight, the white maggots would start working on you,� MacEdward said. “And I’d say to them, ‘How’re you doing?’ and they’d say, ‘Geez, Mac, if you’d just get me out of here I’d be all right.’� “Here� was the mountainous terrain between Chabua, India, and Kun-ming, China, known as “The Hump� by the other men in the air force who, like MacEdward, were responsible for transporting supplies

from one base to another during World War II. MacEdward joined the U.S. Army Air Force after Pearl Harbor, and following ZHHNV RI ÀLJKW WUDLQLQJ LQ &DOLIRUQLD DQG Memphis, Tenn., MacEdward was shipped down to Boca Raton, Fla., on June 6, 1943, to begin the journey to the China-IndiaBurma Theater. (See Foster MacEdward, Page 4)

Bristol native looks back on three wars By TAMARA HILMES BRISTOL — Bruce Emmons, 85, took a display case with a wooden frame off of his wall and laid it on the kitchen table. Inside, lay military badges in all shapes and colors — stripes, code of conduct medals for the Army and the Air Force, a Purple Heart, and medals for each war he served in. There was one for Korea, one for Vietnam, and one for World War II. A blue(See Emmons, Page 6)


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