The Disappearence of Flight MH370 The Black Mirror
SOCIOLOGIA DEI MEDIA
Design delle Comunicazione, Politecnico di Milano
Group project, January 2015 Siyang Dong, 832872 Xuanxuan Hou, 833712 Ziqiao Xie, 832866 Adelina Mihaylova, 833388
elcome to our humble project: “The Black Mirror”. Inspired by the British TV series, the name itself carries a mystery – who is on the other side of the mirror? Despite the vast amount of information and the almost infinite choices of access to it, the challenge of being able to see beyond the mere information remains. The power of media is unquestionable which rises the question – who stays behind it? Is the media bias and whose interests can be found between the lines? It is impossible to understand fully and unbiased the news without knowing what are the historical,political,economical reasons behind them. At first sight the immediate access to the latest news shortens the distance between the media and the audience, but at the same time people could feel overwhelmed by the amount of information out there. Which media should they choose to follow, so that the information they receive is objec-
tive, synthesized and up to the point? Our group faced the same problem. We had already chosen the event we wanted to follow – the disappearance of the Malaysian airplane MH370 - but we had to decide the media. Our choice, however, was not based on which media is the most unbiased one (or at least not in all cases), we wanted to follow the political interest behind the covering the news about the tragedy. Since three of the members of the group are Chinese, we concentrated on the Chinese media and at the same time we followed the American national media, not only because we were interested in the relationship between China and America, but also because a big part of the world media reflects the position of the American media. The mystery of flight MH370 was something which affected not just the involved in the accident countries, but every single person out there sympathized with the tragedy of the families of the passengers. No matter the race, no matter the nationality, no matter the age – everyone there was following the emerging new theories of what happened on the board of Boeing 777-20. The wide range of audience was the reason we chose both traditional and new media, so that we could cover all ages – from the youngest, more socially involved users, to the older, more conservative ones. We followed the news based not only on
the type of media but also chose five dates which gave crucial information from the week of the disappearance. The dates are as follows: 8th, 9th, 11th, 13th and 16th of March 2014.
TRADITIONAL MEDIA
NEWSPAPER
The New York Times History
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper, founded on September 18, 1851, by The New York Times Company. It has won more Pulitzer Prizes than any other news organization. The print version of The New York Times is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States and second-largest newspaper overall, behind The Wall Street Journal. It is ranked 39th in the world by circulation. Nicknamed for years as “The Gray Lady”, The New York Times is long regarded within the industry as a national “newspaper of record”. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr. is the publisher and the chairman of the newspaper and has kept control over it for five generations (since 1896).
Present
Being one of the leaders in its field, The New York Times was one of the first to embrace the modern technologies in order to satisfy the need of easier and faster access to the news. The Times Reader – a digital version of The New York Times, was created in order to face the new opportunities of online reporting. It was created via collaboration between the newspaper and Microsoft. Times Reader takes the principles of print journalism and applies them in a way which preserves the tradition of the company and its reputation.
The New York Times: Print Newspaper
The NYT: First Page Anatomy
The layout of The New York Times, like many other print newspapers, follows the principles of the inverted pyramid style: the most important information is at the beginning of the article and increasingly less important details – toward the end of the article. Organized in this way, the article is easy to edit from the bottom up, giving the editor the possibility to add additional information if new breaking news have made it to the newsroom before the printing of the issue.
Refers Previews of selected articles that appear elsewhere in the Times and online.
The importance of the first page of the newspaper is crucial – often it determines if the reader is going to buy the current issue or not (if we are talking about occasional readers, not subscribers). If an article has made the first page its importance is guaranteed. Even then, however, there are many additional details which have to be considered in order to figure out the degree of importance from journalistic point of view. One of the steps for revealing the reasoning behind the page layout is answering questions like: where is the article positioned; is there a headline/ a caption; are there focal points leading the attention of the reader towards the article, etc.
Byline The writer(s) of an article. Caption A sentence or two that gives a brief explanation of what’s in a photograph. Jump Line A signpost that an article continues (jumps) to another page. Sections of the Times are designed by letters. Dateline The place where the reporting for an article was done. If there is no dateline, the article was either written in New York or where it was written has no relation to the content of the story. It is called the dateline because it used to include the date the article was reported. Special Feature There is almost always an article of special interest that begins on Page 1 - in addition to the main news of the day. It might be a human interest story, a report on a new trend, an in-depth look at a topic or just an article on something amusing or unusual.
Headline
A quick summary of the article’s content. The larger the headline, the more important the news.
11
NEWSPAPER
PARAGRAPHS
8 MARCH 2014 FIRST PAGE COVERAGE POSITION
Bottom No Focal Points DIAGRAMS
LENGTH
1 Paragraph No Images No Graphics
PHOTOGRAPHS
JUMP LINE
Page A8 INTERNATIONAL
REFERS
Yes POSITION (LAYOUT)
TYPEFACE
Headline Cheltenham Bold Headline Body text: News 706 Regular
9 MARCH 2014 FIRST PAGE COVERAGE
11 MARCH 2014 FIRST PAGE COVERAGE
13 MARCH 2014 FIRST PAGE COVERAGE
16 MARCH 2014 FIRST PAGE COVERAGE
POSITION
POSITION
POSITION
Top Left Lead Article
Top Left Lead Article
Top Left Lead Article
POSITION
LENGTH
LENGTH
LENGTH
5 Paragraphs 1 Image No Graphics
4 Paragraphs No Images No Graphics
5 Paragraphs 1 Image 1 Graphic
JUMP LINE
JUMP LINE
JUMP LINE
JUMP LINE
Page 8
Page A6 INTERNATIONAL
Page A11 INTERNATIONAL
Page 8, Page 10
REFERS
REFERS
REFERS
REFERS
Yes
Yes
Yes
TYPEFACE
TYPEFACE
TYPEFACE
Headline Cheltenham Bold Headline
Headline Cheltenham Bold Headline
Headline Cheltenham Bold Headline
Headline Cheltenham Bold Headline
Body text: News 706 Regular
Body text: News 706 Regular
Body text: News 706 Regular
Body text: News 706 Regular
LENGTH
4 Paragraphs No Images No Graphics
Yes
TYPEFACE
Top Breaking News
13
NEWSPAPER
8
Article
Main Accents
Key Words
Malaysia Airlines Loses Contact With Jet Carrying Over 200
Flight MH370, took off at 12:41 a.m. Air traffic control in Subang, a suburb of Kuala Lumpur, lost contact with the plane.
Lost contact Emergency Not confirmed
Dateline HONG KONG, Malaysia Airlines
9
It was scheduled to land at 6:30 a.m. in Beijing, but there was no further word on its fate by early Saturday afternoon. The airport authorities had not given any information - people learned the news from reading about it online.
Passport Theft Adds to Mystery of Missing Malaysia Airlines Jet
Dateline KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia
The discovery that 2 of the passengers were carrying stolen passports also raised the unsettling possibility of foul play. The oil track on the surface of the Gulf of Thailand might be from a crash; no evidence of an explosion
Intensive search Stolen passports Security lapses
Used Sources
INTENTIONS
Visual aids
People’s Stories
Vietnamese officials; Malaysia Airlines; Chinese Foreign Ministry; Vietnam’s transportation minister Chinese air traffic control authorities.
Explaining the facts
One picture - The arrival board at Beijing Airport
2 stories - showing the absence of information from the airport authorities
Malaysia’s deputy minister of transport; Officials in Rome and Vienna; The chief executive of Malaysia Airlines; US government official; A senior American intelligence official; EU counter terrorism official; Malaysia’s civil aviation department; Chinese air traffic control officials; The Chinese Ministry of Transport; The director of the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam; Malaysia’s defense minister; Malaysia Airlines; MIT
Retelling of the known facts
Giving information on the collaboration between the authorities both in China and Malaysia
Explaining the different approaches of investigation Not emphasizing the possible terrorist link
3 photographs *One of them shows the human tragedy behind the accident
One story - “We’re relying on our Lord”
15
NEWSPAPER
9 11
Article
Main Accents
Key Words
For Families of Missing on Airliner, Memories Mix With Fading Hope
People’s Tragedy
God Hope
Who were the passengers on the plane 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Malaysia.
Missing Airliner Said to Highlight a Security Flaw.
Dateline
WASHINGTON
The two passengers traveling with stolen passports revealed a major gap in airline security procedures developed since 9/11. The United States, Britain and the United Arab Emirates are the only countries to systematically screen the passengers against the Interpol database of stolen and lost passports. Increasing number of false leads; no information on the location of the plane.
False leads Flaw in security Passport ring
Used Sources
INTENTIONS
Visual aids
People’s Stories
Relatives of the passengers; The State Department control authorities.
The stories about the missing passengers are focused on their personal life, their family status, on their hopes and dreams.
None
Total of seven stories about the missing passengers told by their relatives and friends
Aviation safety experts; Interpol’s secretary general; Law enforcement and counter terrorism officials; A senior American law enforcement official; Justice Department official; The Government Accountability Office.
The article focuses mainly on the flaw in security demonstrated by the Malaysia Airport authorities. The fact that the Interpol debate is available for all country, and its usage is deliberately ignored, rises the question if the tragedy of 9/11 has lead to the right conclusions. Despite the many measurements the American government has taken, the world seems as unprepared for possible terrorist attacks as always.
Single photograph which shows an Indonesian sailor searching for the missing plane near the Strait of Malacca.
None
17
NEWSPAPER
11
Article
Main Accents
Key Words
Search for Jet Compounds the Mystery
Malaysian officials refusing to release details on the investigation
Mystery Terrorism “Passport ring” Top priority
Dateline
No public claims of responsibility of an eventual attack.
SEPANG, Malaysia
The men with the stolen passports had bought their tickets from the same agency; Five ticketed passengers failed to board the flight America’s top priority: identifying the 2 passengers; Malaysia’s top priority: locating the aircraft Malaysia Airlines had not eliminated MH370 from its list of regularly scheduled flight numbers. The airline was still selling tickets on the website for a flight with the same number to Beijing on Wednesday morning
Used Sources
INTENTIONS
Visual aids
People’s Stories
The secretary general of the International Criminal Police Organization
The article gives more detailed information on the known circumstances around the stolen passports. The statement made by one of the Interpol officials clearly shows their concern about the safety not just in Malaysia, but all over the world. The message to the public is that a new terrorist attack is more than a mere possibility thanks to the lack of attention by the socalled civilized world. The refusal of Malaysia to take responsibility on the security flaw is shown by their comment on the priorities.
3 photos: Two of the photographs show family members and friends of some of the missing passengers, the third photograph shows a moment from the search.
None
A senior American law enforcement official Vietnamese media The Malaysian civil aviation chief Security experts in Asia Malaysian officials The Prime Minister of Malaysia The co-chairman of Flightradar24 Stockholm-based service China’s foreign minister
19
NEWSPAPER
13
Article
Main Accents
Key Words
Signals on Radar Puzzle Officials in Hunt for Jet. Order Reprints
The Malaysian military ignored recorded radar signals: the last detected location was hundreds of miles to the west of where search and rescue efforts were initially focused.
Hiding Missed chances Absence of action Inconsistency
Dateline
SEPANG, Malaysia
The military took no immediate action; The final blip came from about 200 miles northwest of Penang at 2:15 a.m. local time on Saturday.
Amid Search for Plane, Malaysian Leaders Face Rare Scrutiny
Dateline
SEPANG, Malaysia
The mystery of flight MH370 challenged the country’s paternalistic political culture In the Malaysia talent often does not rise to the top of government due to racial and political prejudice The incapable governing elite has never before met such strong opposition in front of the eyes of the world.
Intimidation Confusion Authoritarian government
Used Sources
INTENTIONS
Visual aids
People’s Stories
Malaysian military; The defense minister of Malaysia; Flightglobal, Britainbased aviation news and data service; An American aviation official; Malaysia’s transportation minister; The United States Seventh Fleet; The Global Times, a nationalist-leaning Chinese newspaper
The article discusses the hidden by the Malaysian military information which has surfaced whole 4 days after the disappearance of flight MH370. The focus is whether the country’s forces are reliable sources not only of action, but also of information. The article suggests that this might challenge the otherwise good relationships between China and Malaysia.
2 photos showing the intensity of the search
None
Malaysia’s defense minister; Malaysian opposition politician; The Malaysian Bar Council
The article focuses on the authoritarian laws in Malaysia. It underlines the fact that information about the radar signals was given only after severe offensive questioning by journalists. The article mentions the destiny of the political opposition when it contradicts the Party.
2 photographs Both of them showing the defensive position of the Malaysian authorities
2 schemes mapping the trajectory of the search
21
NEWSPAPER
2 stories- both of them regarding members of the opposing party and the political persecution against them;
16
Article
Main Accents
Key Words
Missing Jet Was Diverted, Malaysia Opens Criminal Inquiry.
The plane had been deliberately diverted; it changed course and had flown for 7 hours. The last signal was received at 8:11 a.m.
Criminal Seizing control Timing Inquiry
Dateline
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia
F.B.I. agents and other American investigators had screened the passengers for terrorist connections. The signal was switched off just as the plane passed from Malaysian to Vietnamese air traffic control space.
Passengers and Crew of Missing Plane Scrutinized for Aviation Skills
Neither of the pilots had been declared a suspect in the plane’s disappearance
Dateline
One system was disabled as the plane flew over the northeast coast of Malaysia, and that a second, a transponder, was disabled a few minutes later.
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia
Refocused Investigation Flight simulator Tribute page
Used Sources
INTENTIONS
Visual aids
People’s Stories
The Prime Minister of Malaysia; Malaysian news media Royal Malaysia Police; Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Senior American official; Flightglobal, a news and data service for the aviation sector; Flightradar24, a global aviation tracking service; A former commercial pilot
The article emphasizes on the speculations about the possible criminal background of the tragedy. The timing of switching off the radar arouses suspicions about a possible assistance from the pilots or some other member of the crew. The Chinese government does not rely on the Malaysian authorities, and the American once are trying hard to seize control over the investigation.
5 photos - 3 focused on the search of the plane, 1 from the Malaysian Premier’s News Conference, 1 photograph dedicated to the well-wishers writing messages for families of the passengers.
1- the story of the relatives of the American passenger on the board of flight MH370
Royal Malaysia Police; The Prime Minister of Malaysia; Friends and relatives to the two pilots
The article makes clear that the houses of the pilots have been in fact scrutinized by the police. Most of it, however, is dedicated to the memories of friends and family of the two men.
1 photograph: The home of the first officer on the missing Malaysia Airlines flight
23
NEWSPAPER
Total of 7 stories telling of about the people behind the pilot uniforms.
16
Article
Main Accents
Key Words
Series of Errors by Malaysia Mounts, Complicating the Task of Finding Flight 370
Satellite data showed that the engines on the missing plane had continued to run for nearly six more hours after it left Malaysian airspace.
Errors Criticism Denying Radar blip
Dateline
SEPANG, Malaysia
The government denied any deliberate delay in informing the world about the signals from the satellite. The police denied investigating the pilot.
NUMBER OR ARTICLES The New York Times Print Version
3 1
Used Sources
INTENTIONS
Visual aids
People’s Stories
Flightglobal, a news and data service for the aviation sector; Malaysia’s Prime Minister; Malaysia Airlines; Aviation experts; Malaysian news media; Malaysian police; Malaysia’s Air Force
The tone of the article provokes questions whether the searching of the flight might have had different fate if the actions by the Malaysian government had been more adequate. An essential information had been hidden for 5 days. The article mentions the systematic errors made by the Malaysian authorities and military - from the boarding of the two unidentified passengers to the inability to recognize the radar signals on the same day the plane disappeared.
2 graphics reconstructing the path of the plane and where it had lost contact with the satellite
None
25
NEWSPAPER
DATELINE The NYT Print Version 30%
10% 10%
SEPANG KUALA LUMPUR WASHINGTON
50%
HONG KONG
Sources of Information On the second day of the tragedy, 9 March 2014, the news coverage of flight MH370 in The New York Times takes a turn and becomes something more than a reporting of an accident. As soon as the “stolen passports� affair is out, the journalists go after the leads of an eventual terrorist attack. Being a sensitive subject to many Americans since 9 September 2001, the journalists are merciless towards the many mistakes of the Malaysian authorities, showing a great deal of irresponsibility towards national security. The sources of information used in the articles show the determination of the American media to underline the importance of these mistakes.
Sources of Information by country of origin
8 March 2014 40%
Vietnamese
20%
Malaysian
40%
Chinese
9 March 2014 7,1%
Vietnamese
50%
Malaysian
14,3%
Chinese
14,3%
American
14,3%
European
11 March 2014
13 March 2014
16 March 2014
7,1%
Vietnamese
28,7%
Malaysian
7,1%
Chinese
57,1%
American
10%
European
60%
Malaysian
10%
Chinese
20%
American
15%
European
65%
Malaysian
5%
Chinese
15%
American
27
NEWSPAPER
CHINESE NEWSPAPER 1. Introduction
BEIJING TIMES
PEOPLE’S DAILY 15 May 1946, Mao Zedong inscribed “People’s Daily” founded in Handan City, Hebei
28 May 2001, founded in Beijing City
Established Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
Beijing Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department
Authorities Comprehensive urban daily newspaper.
An official newspaper of the government of China
Definition Are regarded as authoritative statements of official government policy
Communication China Media
Editorials
8
2. Daily contrast analysis
Ma rc
h2 01 4
th
29
NEWSPAPER
8 th
Media
Content
Source
Beijing Times
Maily about Malaysia -
departs at 12:41 a.m.local time which was carrying 227 passengers and 12 crew members lost contact
4 / other media 11 / their editors 1 / state leader
controllers
9 th
People’s Daily
Xi Jinping requested to try the best with the aftermath
1 / other media 0 / their editors 1 / state leader
Beijing Times
The aircraft has two passengers who us ing others passport
3 / other media 8 /their editors 1 / state leader
People’s Daily
Li keqiang call the Malaysian prime minister
1 / other media 0 / their editors 0 / state leader
MediaAttention Attention Media
Socialattention attention Social
Space Space
Pagenumbers numbers Page
Circulation Circulation
16Full Fullpage page 16
16/24 16/24
830,000/11year year 830,000/
Keywords words Key
Accordingto toAFP AFP According 239passengers passengers 239 Mysteriousdisap disap Mysterious -pearance pearance
31 31
NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER
halfpage page 22 half
2/12 2/12
2,800,000/11year year 2,800,000/
12Full Fullpage page 12
12/48 12/48
830,000/11year year 830,000/
halfpage page 22 half
2/24 2/24
2,800,000/11year year 2,800,000/
Accordingto toAFP AFP According
’Turnedback’ back’possi possi ’Turned -bilityprobed probed bility
Likeqiang keqiangworry worry Li Interpolsays says Interpol
13 th
Media Media
Content Content
Beijing Beijing Times Times
Malaysia’s Malaysia’s Civil Civil Avi Avi -ation ation Authority Authority said said the the military military may may have have sth sth hided hided
16
22 // other other media media 22 // their their editors editors 22 // state state leader leader
00 // other other media media
People’s People’s Daily Daily
th
Source Source
00 // their their editors editors 00 // state state leader leader
Beijing Beijing Times Times
The The search search area area reremains mains focused focused on on the the northern northern and and south south -ern ern corridors. corridors. Author Author -pilots pilots did did not not request request
People’s People’s Daily Daily
The Thenumber numberof of coun coun-tries tries involved involved in in the the MH370 MH370 has has expanded expanded to to25 25from from14 14
1/ 1/ other other media media 3/their 3/their editors editors 11 // state state leader leader
11 // other other media media 00 // their their editors editors 00 // state state leader leader
Media Media Attention Attention
Social Social attention attention
Space Space
Page Page numbers numbers
Circulation Circulation
33 Full Full page page 1/2 1/2 page page
4/48 4/48
830,000/ 830,000/ 11 year year
00 pages pages
0/24 0/24
2,800,000/ 2,800,000/ 11 year year
12 12 Full Full page page
4/24 4/24
830,000/ 830,000/ 11 year year
1/4 1/4 page page
1/12 1/12
2,800,000/ 2,800,000/ 11 year year
Key Key words words
No No link link in in satellite satellite images images
33 31 33
NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER
’Turned ’Turned back’ back’ possi possi -bility bility probed probed
Search Search party party ex ex-panded panded
3. Data integration analysis Source analysis
26%
Other media
60%
63%
Their editors
0%
11%
State leader
40%
Beijing Times
People’s Daily
Media attention analysis
Reported amount/ Pages 100%
Beijing Times
People’s Daily
75%
35
50%
NEWSPAPER
25%
0%
03/08
03/09
03/11
03/13
03/16
Total amount of pages for the chosen period between 8 March – 16 March 2014
25%
Beijing Times
7%
People’s Daily
Date
CHINESE NEWSPAPER 4. Conclusion
The Beijing Times, despite its dependence on the Chinese government, is the more objective and reliable source of information of the two Chinese official newspapers.
Differences Between Chinese and Ameri- in Asia, is careful with their criticism towards the Malaysian authorities. Partly, the control can Traditional Print Media
the Chinese officials execute over the media, Based on the analysis, the Chinese media is is meant to prevent panic and desperation often interested in covering the news as fast among the population. as possible, without making the effort to verify the sources of information; these reporting Where the traditional print media lacks, the “habits” lead to distrust and confusion. Al- social media and the Online newspapers though the Chinese media often quotes the give to the public; the new media answers to American sources, the “voice” of the com- the desire for “spontaneous” information and mentary and the intimation of the news cov- gives an alternative to the controlled by the erage are very different. The Chinese media authorities Chinese media. always reports with the “voice” of authority, while the articles published in The New York Times could show a different tone depending on who the author of the article is.
In most cases, the Chinese media reports later than the American one - an hour later in the case with the publishing of the names of the passengers. In many of the articles published in the Chinese newspapers it could be seen that the focus is not on giving more information on the missing passengers on flight MH370, but to show the righteous attitude of the leader and to give more information on the rescue mission. When accusing the Chinese media for being “silent” or “subjective” in comparison to the American media, one should not forget the delicate political relationship between China and Malaysia. China, depending on Malaysia’s good will for increasing its influence
37
NEWSPAPER
TELEVISION
CBSnews
The News Channel of Columbia Broadcasting System
CBS News is the news division of American television and radio network CBS. The president of CBS News is David Rhodes. CBS News’ broadcasts include the CBS Evening News, CBS This Morning, news magazine programs CBS Sunday Morning, 60 Minutes and 48 Hours, and Sunday morning political affairs program Face the Nation. CBS recently launched CBSN, the first live anchored 24-hour streaming news network exclusively online and on smart devices.
41
TELEVISION
Name: CBS News Channel Established: 1st Dec 1930
Headquarters Location: New York, U.S. Channel category: News Company Type: TV station
Function: Broadcast 24-hour news reports Coverage: Domestic and International Events
Characteristic: Broadcasts in English
Analysis of The Main 0:00 (20:00GMT)
4:00 (0:00GMT)
7:00 (3:00GMT)
9:00 (5:00GMT)
12:00 (8:00GMT)
14:00 (10:00GMT)
17:00 (13:00GMT)
CBS News Up To the Minute
CBS Morning News
CBS This Morning
Face The Nation
CBS News
Face The Nation
CBS News
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
54min/hour
55min/hour
55min/hour
55min/hour
53min/hour
55min/hour
55min
Established Year1992
Established Year1963
Established Year1987
Established Year1991
Established Year1930
Established Year1991
Established Year1930
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
The Main Programs 20:00 (16:00GMT)
22:00 (18:00GMT)
23:00 (19:00GMT)
CBS News
48 Hours
60 Minutes
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
30min
55min
54min/hour
55min
55min
Established Year1930
Established Year1963
Established Year1968
Established Year1930
Established Year1988
Established Year1968
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
CBSN
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
14:00 (10:00GMT)
17:00 (13:00GMT)
18:00 (14:00GMT)
Face The Nation
CBS News
CBS News Evening
Daily
Daily
Daily
55min/hour
55min
Established Year1991
CBSN Exclusive
CBSN Exclusive
19:00 (15:00GMT) 60 Minutes
43
TELEVISION
8
Program
Time
Main Accents
CBS News Up to the Minute CBS Morning News CBS This Morning Face the Nation CBS News CBS Evening News 60 Minutes 48 Hours
5min
Malaysia Airlines says they’ve been unable to establish any contact with or determine the whereabouts of the flight. The last reported contact came when it was somewhere over the South China Sea. Three Americans were on board.
6min 8min 10min 9min 4min 10min 8min
Vietnamese authorities have detected a signal from a Malaysia Airlines flight carrying 239 people
11%
Daylight S Others
MH370
25%
22%
Crisis in Ukraine
P
kraine
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Malaysia Airlines; lost contact; three Americans on board; search and rescue
Report Sources
The Crisis of Ukraine
One to Many
Reuters American Broadcasting Company Malaysia Official News
45
TELEVISION
Daylight Saving Time
17%
Military Budget Cutsflights safety
Pistorius Murder
14%
11%
9
Program
Time
Main Accents
CBS News Up to the Minute CBS Morning News CBS This Morning Face the Nation CBS News CBS Evening News 60 Minutes 48 Hours
8min
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 may have turned back before disappearing. Rescuers in the air and on the water continue to search for Malaysia Airlines flight 370.
12min 10min 6min 9min 16min 16min 10min
Interpol is investigating more suspect passports used to board a missing Malaysia Airlines flight, in addition to two European ones that were falsely used by unidentified passengers.
Human
13%
16%
Others
Crisis in Ukraine
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Malaysia Airlines; Declined to comment; Turned back; Two oil slicks;
Reuters;
The Crisis of Ukraine
One to Many
The stolen passports
CBSN; Malaysia Official News
47
TELEVISION
Human Fly to Mars
Alzhaimer’s Tests
MH370
13%
16%
42%
11
Program
Time
Main Accents
CBS News Up to the Minute CBS Morning News CBS This Morning Face the Nation CBS News CBS Evening News 60 Minutes 48 Hours
7min
Police have identified the two passengers traveling with stolen passports aboard missing Flight 370. So far the Americans have not been invited to assist in the search for Malaysia Airlines flight 370.
10min 12min 18min 15min 7min 10min 3min
For an unknown reason, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370’s transponder, which sends out location information to radar stations, apparently stopped working.
17%
40%
CIA spying on Congress
MH370
CBS
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Malaysia Airlines; Have not been invited; Stolen passports identified; No clues;
ABC,
Ukraine, Russia and Crimea
One to Many
CBSN, Malaysia Official News
49
TELEVISION
CBS Election
13%
GM Recall Investigation
Others
23%
7%
13
Program
Time
Main Accents
CBS News Up to the Minute CBS Morning News CBS This Morning Face the Nation CBS News CBS Evening News 60 Minutes 48 Hours
8min
The Wall Street Journal reports the missing plane flew for several hours after making its last known contact, the report is being denied by Malaysian officials.
16%
50%
8min 12min 15min 10min 6min 11min 12min
Sources say MH370 continued to send signals to satellites for several hours after it lost contact with air traffic controllers. Investigators suspect the plane turned west and headed back across the Malaysia peninsula.
Others
MH370
Crisis in U
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Flew for several hours; No sign; Turned west and headed back;
The Wall Street Journal,
Ukraine, Russia and Crimea
One to Many
CSBN, Malaysia Official News;
51
TELEVISION
Crisis in Ukraine
17%
Deadly Collapse in New York
17%
16
Program
Time
Main Accents
CBS News Up to the Minute CBS Morning News CBS This Morning Face the Nation CBS News CBS Evening News 60 Minutes 48 Hours
9min
Malaysian authorities investigate the pilots. Flight 370: Search and investigation take a new turn.
11min 9min 13min 12min 5min 10min 10min
Sources say Malaysia Airlines Malaysian Transport Minister Hishammuddin Hussein gave a briefing on the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 at a press conference on Sunday. Expert: MH370 flight likely went south after last contact.
28%
36%
Crisis in Ukraine
MH370
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Investigate the pilots;
ABC;
Vote of Crimea
One to Many
CBSN; Malaysia Official News
53
TELEVISION
Young Poets Contest
ne
20%
Others
16%
CCTV-13
The News Channel of China Central Television
CCTV-13 (Chinese: 中国中央电视台新闻频道), formerly CCTV News (Chinese: CCTV-新闻), is the news channel of China Central Television, broadcasting across the People’s Republic of China since 2003. CCTV News channel broadcasts 24-hour news reports, as well current affairs programmes throughout the day. News reports cover domestic and international events. The channel broadcasts exclusively in Mandarin Chinese. Viewers from across the Greater China region and that of the Chinese diaspora can watch the channel via satellite.
55
TELEVISION
Name: CCTV News Channel Established: 1 May 2003
Headquarters Location: Beijing China Channel category: News Company Type: TV station
Function: Broadcast 24-hour news reports Coverage: Domestic and International Events
Characteristic: Broadcasts in Mandarin Chinese
Analysis of The Main 0:00 (16:00GMT)
1:00 (17:00GMT)
6:00 (22:00GMT)
9:00 (1:00GMT)
12:00 (4:00GMT)
13:00 (5:00GMT)
Midnight News 午夜新闻
Live News 新闻直播间
Morning News 朝闻天下
Live News 新闻直播间
News 30min 新闻30分
Live News 新闻直播间
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
30min
55min/hour
55min/hour
55min/hour
30min
55min/hour
55min
Established Year2002
Established Year2009
Established Year2006
Established Year2009
Established Year1995
Established Year2006
Established Year2003
CCTV-1
CCTV-13
CCTV-1
CCTV-13
CCTV-1
CCTV-13
CCTV-13
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
CCTV-13 Exclusive
CCTV-13 Exclusive
CCTV-1 CCTV-13
CCTV-13 Exclusive
CCTV-1 CCTV-13
CCTV-13 Exclusive
18:00 (10:00GMT
CCTV-13 Exclusive
f The Main Programs 21:00 (13:00GMT)
22:00 (14:00GMT)
23:00 (15:00GMT)
News 1+1 新闻1+1
Grobal Vision 环球视线
24 Hours 24小时
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
30min
55min
55min
55min
55min
Established Year2003
Established Year1978
Established Year1993
Established Year2008
Established Year2003
Established Year2009
CCTV-13
CCTV-13
CCTV-1
CCTV-1
CCTV-13
CCTV-13
CCTV-13
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
Live
CCTV-1 CCTV-13
CCTV-13 Exclusive
CCTV-13 Exclusive
CCTV-13 Exclusive
CCTV-13 Exclusive
13:00 (5:00GMT)
18:00 (10:00GMT)
19:00 (11:00GMT)
Live News 新闻直播间
Focus On 共同关注
News Broadcast 新闻联播
Daily
Daily
Daily
55min/hour
55min
Established Year2006
CCTV-13 Exclusive
CCTV-13 Exclusive
20:00 (12:00GMT) Oriental Horizon 东方时空
57
TELEVISION
8
Program
Time
Main Accents
Morning News Live News News 30min Focus On New Broadcast Oriental Horizon 24 Hours
10s 1h 3min 10s 12min 30s 17min 8min 16min 30s 9min
Malaysia Airlines MH370 aircraft lost contact 21 hours, a total of 239 people on board, 154 Chinese citizens Aircraft lost contact sites in Vietnam, the aircrafts used for search and rescue of Vietnam discovered suspicious traces of oil zone Chinese leaders have made important instructions,China sent out boats to rescue. Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore joined search and rescue
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Lost contact; Malaysia Airlines; Chinese citizen; Vietnamese officials; Search and rescue
American Broadcasting Company
Two Sessions National People's CongressAnd Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
One to Many
Agence France Presse Malaysia's Official News Channel of China Central Television
The Problem of Crimea
59
TELEVISION
8%
4% 2% The Two Sessions
33%
MH370 Crisis In Ukraine Chinese CAA called for
flights safety
Yunnan Terrorists
53%
33% 8%
53%
2%
4%
9
Program
Time
Main Accents
Midnight News Morning News Live News News 30min Focus On New Broadcast Oriental Horizon 24 Hours
7min 3min 1h 18min 19min 9min 30s 40min 30s
Investigation team of MH370 said that the possibility of the flight disintegrated in the air is increased Vietnamese military found some suspicious floats, China sent warships and divers involved in the rescue Verified two people boarding with others passports Chinese Ministry of Public Security decided to make a work team go to Malaysia and form of the joint investigation with Malaysia
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Disintegrated in the air; Suspicious floats; Fake passports； Vietnamese officials; Chinese Ministry of Public Security； Search and rescue；
National Broadcasting Company
The Problem of Crimea
One to Many
The Guardian Malaysia's Official News
61
Channel of China Central Television
TELEVISION
6%
4%
6%
The Two Sessions MH370 Crimea
51%
Polices Arrested Hundreds of Criminals Chinese Economic Data
33%
33% 6%
51%
4%
6%
11
Program
Time
Main Accents
Midnight News Morning News Live News News 30min Focus On New Broadcast Oriental Horizon 24 Hours
3min 30s 37min 2h 7min 10min 1min30s 6min 9min
It is reported that MH370 returned to Malacca Straits. Malaysia’s air force commander denied that the aircraft was returned to Malacca Straits� Malaysia confirmed that the passengers taking with fake passports is Iranian illegal immigrants rather than terrorists USA, China and Singapore participate in the rescue in Vietnam
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
MH370 returned to Malacca Straits; Malaysian military denied the report; Fake passportsďź› Search and rescueďź›
American Broadcasting Company
Two Sessions National People's Congress And Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
One to Many
Reuters Malaysia's Official News Channel of China Central Television
The Problem of Crimea
63
TELEVISION
7%
5% The Two Sessions MH370 Crisis In Ukraine
24%
Others
64%
7%
24%
5%
64%
13
Program
Time
Main Accents
Midnight News Morning News Live News News 30min Focus On New Broadcast Oriental Horizon 24 Hours
19min 1h2min 39min 7min 9min 8min10s 16min 30min
The Civil Aviation Authority admitted that the military may conceal some information. Malaysian Defense Minister said that Malaysia did not conceal any news. Angine data showed the plane 4 hours after the moment it had lost contact with the Air Traffic control.
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Conceal information; Malacca Straits; Investigate captain； Improve transparency and authoritative ; Deny to conceal information；
The Wall Street Journal
Two Sessions National People's Congress And Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
One to Many
Reuters Malaysia's Official News Channel of China Central Television
The Problem of Crimea
65
TELEVISION
5%
4%
4% The Two Sessions MH370
53%
Crimea Rescue A Child Others
34%
53% 4%
34%
4%
5%
16
Program
Time
Main Accents
Midnight News Morning News Live News News 30min Focus On New Broadcast Oriental Horizon 24 Hours
22min 1h 1h3min 9min 3min 30min 19min 35min
The plane has the “tactical escape action�to disappear from radar. MH370 sudden drop in altitude suggesting that there have been wrestling Malaysian military officials announced MH370 flight line Call records of pilots and air traffic control
Key Words
Report Sources
Environment
Communication
Tactical Escape Action; Drop In Altitude; Wrestling； Flight Line ; Call Records； Captain of MH370
American Broadcasting Company
The Problem of Crimea
One to Many
Reuters Malaysia's Official News
67
Channel of China Central Television
TELEVISION
14%
2% MH370
4%
Crimea Others
12%
Economy
68%
Jeffrey Sinclair
68% 14%
12%
2%
4%
Chinese Media and American Media: Report Time of MH370
min 299
308 261
189
251
260 227
179
149
8th March
326
9th March
11th March
13th March
16th March
In this chart we could find that the American media would pay more attention than Chinese media, although most of the victims on the plane were Chinese.
CCTV-13 CBSnews
American TV Media News is more freedom, unfettered. US television news media are able to maintain neutrality and skepticism, using a variety of resources to quickly verify the latest news, and then broadcast on TV. US television media can treat the official news calmly. They use the scene of Malaysia’s press conference carefully. They don’t miss any clue and track the truth.
Chinese TV Media Chinese TV media are likely to depend on official information, and trust more in Malaysia’s official and Malaysian military news , not the foreign media. The coverage’s timeliness of Chinese TV media is not as strong as the western media , sometimes they have to wait the instructions of superiors before they can begin the coverage. Chinese TV media make almost no contribution which help with promoting the breakthrough of this event except releasing some information of government and related institutions, the analysis of experts,the reactions of the passengers’ relatives .
Same point Journalists have shown more respect to the passengers’ families. For they are more objective and less into the subjective emotions and opinions in the news. They all treat the content of news reports objectively, in which they put less subjective emotions and opinions.
69
TELEVISION
71
NEW MEDIA
e-NEWSPAPER
The New York Times Online Newspaper: History The differences between the print version of The New York Times and its online version are mainly in the reading experience, not that much of the content. The online version, of course, offers more articles on a given subject due to the easy editing, other from that, however, the journalist style and the tone of the news are consistent with the well established style of the newspaper. Moreover, in many cases the additional articles are published by respected sources like REUTERS, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS and are not property of The New York Times. This really ‘shortens the distance” between the printed and the online version if a person is interested in the NYT journalism. Each article can be shared on Twitter, Facebook or send via e-mail, which gives the reading experience to be part of the “storytelling”. The New York Times is very careful about misleading or incorrect information in their articles and in case of such, an editor’s note is added on the online version of the article. Because of the technological differences, all news are published on the website the day before the printed issue comes out. The immediate reporting from any point in the world is one of the biggest advantages of the e-paper.
26,7%
10% 40%
53,3%
50%
20%
8 March 2014
9 March 2014
20%
75
16,7%
ONLINE NEWSPAPER
50%
30%
11 March 2014
83,3%
13 March 2014
25%
16 March 2014
75%
Articles published on the online version of the NYT: Author The NYT
REUTERS
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
15
NUMBERS OF ARTICLES Online version of the NYT
10
5
NUMBER OR ARTICLES Comparison between print and online version
TIMES AN ARTICLE FROM THE WEBSITE is shared on TWITTER Q. and A. on Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
197
93
77
ONLINE NEWSPAPER
9 March
11 March
TIME DIFFERENCES IN NEWS REPORTING Online and print version of the NYT 8
7
9
8
Traditional Media New Media
11
10
13
12
16 March 2014
15 March 2014
The New York Times
In Conclusion: Print or Online? Given the time we live in – a time of unprecedented rise in technology, a question like this has an undeniable “retro” feel. But “retro” does not mean outdated and The New York Times has faced this question more than once through the last decade. Despite the constantly growing audience of the Online media and the many discussions on the “inevitable” digital future, the traditional print version of the newspaper has its advantages. While doing the research on flight MH370, it was easy to see what they are. The comprehensive layout of the print version of The New York Times feels natural and respectful to the importance of the stories. A single scanning of the first page is enough to give the reader an idea of which would be the leading news of the day, which of them are of national importance. The appeal of the traditional page size, its margins and typography help the reader remember information much easier. Although the website of The New York Times executes a simple design, it is much more difficult to follow the development of the news coverage because of the overwhelming possibility of choices (articles, additional sources, multimedia, etc). Despite the more visual aids, and the handy search tool, the main ad-
vantage of the online version of the New York Times, remains its easy access. One of the differences between the online and print versions of the newspaper is the role of social media. The ability to share articles over the social platforms, makes a difference to many of the younger readers who are eager to feel engaged in the process of storytelling. People love telling stories and the social media gives everyone the tools and the audience to be a storyteller. Last but not least, the biggest advantage of the e-paper is that it reports the news much faster than its print relative. During the last couple of years there is a tendency for people to learn the breaking news not from the newspapers, but from the social media.
8
Media
Main even
Content
Beijing Times
01:19 Flight MH370 lost contact with
08:26
People’s Daily
Beijing Times
People’s Daily
The plane had 239 passengers on board when lit lost signal
08:51 The same
13:12 12:30 Vietnam navy said Admiral Ngo Van plane crashed into Phat said the plane sea near crashed People’s Vietnam’s Tho Daily Chu island 13:12 AFP send corrected statement: the airlin er lost near Vietnamairspace
Source Source
Media Attention Media Attention
Social attention Social attention
Key words Key words
other media AFP other media AFP
words 2020 words 3 pircture 3 pircture
9393
According AFP According toto AFP 239 passengers 239 passengers
other media AFP other media AFP
words 6060 words 1 picture 1 picture
Not found Not found
According AFP According toto AFP
other media other media Vietnam Vietnam
words 3535 words 0 pictures 0 pictures
2727
The report Viet The report ofof Viet nam Youth Daily nam Youth Daily
other media other media Beijing Times Beijing Times
words 3535 words 0 pictures 0 pictures
Not found Not found
The same Beijing The same asas Beijing Times Times
CAAC CAAC
55 55 31 31 81
ONLINE ONLINE ONLINE NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER
9
Media
Main even
Beijing Times
00:04 00:38 2 passengers whose The aircraft has two passports had been passengers who us stolen in Thailand lasting others passport year weren’t on
People’s Daily
Beijing Times
People’s Daily
Content
02:03 Li keqiang call the Malaysian prime minister for Malaysia to quickly lost aircraft rescue work
13:31 Malaysia Airlines may have turned back , it may have “turned 22 planes and 40 back” from its boats People’s scheduled route to Beijing be fore vanishing - 14:10 Weather between Malaysia and Viet nam is conduciverescue. 13:25 Radar tracking
Source Source
Media Attention Media Attention
Social attention Social attention
Key words Key words
their their editors editors
500 500 words words 1 pircture 1 pircture
5454
other media other media Jiangxi Daily Jiangxi Daily
600 600 words words 1 picture 1 picture
Not Not found found
other other media media British British news news
830 words 830 words 2 pictures 2 pictures
249 249
The The search search has has notnot been been succesful succesful
other other media media Beijing Times Beijing Times
350 350 words words 0 pictures 0 pictures
Not Not found found
“Try “Try your your best” best” Search Search party party expanded expanded
1.Li1.Li keqiang keqiang worry worry 2.Foreign 2.Foreign Minister Minister Wang Wang Yi Yi 3.Department 3.Department of of Transportation Transportation
57 57 31 31 83
ONLINE ONLINE ONLINE NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER
11
Media Media
Maineven even Main
BeijingTimes Times Beijing
19:03 19:03 8:00 8:00 Radardetected detectedair air ‘Turnedback’ back’ Radar ‘Turned craftlost lostcontact contacttoto possibilityprobed probedcraft possibility theStrait StraitofofMalacca Malacca the --
People’s People’s Daily Daily
Content Content
19:01 19:01 Thereare arefoldback foldback There signsbefore beforedisap disap signs peared peared --
BeijingTimes Times Beijing
18:26 18:26 Clarityon onstolen stolen Clarity passports passports
18:37 18:37 The2nd 2nd The passanger passanger travellingwith withstolen stolen travelling bothofofthem themwere were both Iranianstrying tryingtoto Iranians crossthe theborder. border. cross
People’s People’s Daily Daily
19:40 19:40 Thesame same The
Source
other media Reuters
Media Attention
Social attention
60 words 0 pirctures
27
Key words
1. According to Reuters 2. Malaysian military
their editors
40 words 1 picture
Not found
1. Radar records show 2. Forced to “turn back�
other media Singapore
60 words 0 picturess
98
1.Acording to Singapore site 2.Interna tional Criminal Police Organization
their editors
25 words 0 pictures
Not found
The same
57 31 85 59
ONLINE ONLINE NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER
13
Media
Main even
Content
Beijing Times
06:59 Malaysia denies Wall Street Journal report
07:55
People’s Daily
16
Beijing Times
People’s Daily
Malaysia’s Civil Avi ation Authority said the military may have sth hided 08:14 The confused infor mation from MAF made the other think the military have hided infomations.
20:15 19:12 Further investigating Suspicions focus on the pilot and co-pilot. crew and passengers: pilot and copilot did not request 21:08 Malaysia announced -that the number of in volved countries in the search has jumped from 14 to 26.
Source Source
Media Media Attention Attention
Social Social attention attention
KeyKey words words
other other media media 1200 1200 words words China China Youth Youth Paper Paper 0 pirctures 0 pirctures
2222
1.Vietnam 1.Vietnam withdraw withdraw of aid of aid 2.The 2.The military military didn’t didn’t track track its its search. search.
other other media media World World20 20 words words wide wide web web 0 pictures 0 pictures
Not Not found found
Mistakenly issued Mistakenly issued
their their editors editors
9090 words words 0 picturess 0 picturess
13 13
their their editors editors
25 25 words words 0 pictures 0 pictures
Not Not found found
57 57 61 31 61 31 87
ONLINE ONLINE ONLINE NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER
The The homes homes of the of the two two pilots pilots have have been been searched. searched.
statement statement
3. The reports number and frequency Media Attention Analysis
Time
08/03 01:19
Lost control with the traffice control
98 times
06:30
12:30
52 times
Vietnam navy said plane crash
15:38
20:15
Xi Jinping called for emergency measure
Beijing Times
People’s Daily
Media
Media Attention Analysis Beijing Times
People’s Daily
89 63
ONLINE NEWSPAPER
Reported times
100
98 78 70
75
60
52
53
50 37
25
22
12 9
0 08.03
09.03
11.03
13.03
16.03
date
Social Attention Analysis
8-993
Beijing Times
People’s Daily 3-357
0-96 0-45
08.03
09.03
11.03
13.03
0-27
date
16.03
Source Analysis
their editors 51%
12% their state leader
37% other media
Beijing Times
their editors 27%
31% their state leader
42% other media
People’s Daily
SOCIAL MEDIA
Facebook (formerly [thefacebook]) is an online social networking service headquartered in Menlo Park, California. The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students, but now Facebook allows anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old to become a registered user of the website. The users can create a user profile, add other users as “friends�, exchange messages, post status updates and photos, share videos and receive notifications when others update their profiles.
Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets".Registered users can read and post tweets, but unregistered users can only read them. Users access Twitter through the website interface, SMS, or mobile device app. Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco and has more than 25 offices around the world.
Weibo (formerly [Sina Weibo]), was launched by Web Sina, providing micro-blog service site. Weibo is looks like a hybrid of Twitter and Facebook, that enables users to send and read short 140-character (within 280 characters) messages by the web, WAP pages, external programs and SMS, MMS and any other ways. User can upload pictures and links video, instant sharing. Sina Weibo is also a microblogging can be attached directly to a comment below, or you can send pictures directly inside a micro-blog, video.
The reason why I chooes the Facebook, Twitter and Weibo is that it is the typical social media in the world. Facebook and Twitter sercice for all the world except China, and Weibo services mainly for China. Therefore, compare these tree media enables us to discover and analysis the differents between chinese media and foreign media.
Type of media Social networking service social extension many to many, comment Website www.facebook.com Area served Worldwide (except China )
Type of media Social networking service social extension comment Website twitter.com Area served Worldwide (except China )
95
SOCIAL MEDIA
Type of media Microblogging social extension comment, follow comment Website weibo.com Area served Worldwide (China)
Media
8
Main Content
Timeline Beijing time
Facebook 24 (article)
Malaysia Airlines lose contact with Flight 370 carrying 239 people
1: 25
MH370 press conference, attended by PM Najib Razak
5: 48
Two of 227 passengers 9: 06 were using STOLEN passports
9
Facebook 19 (article)
The full & Complete name list release by MAS Officially
16: 23
Malaysia assets on search for Flight 370.
7: 27
B777 pilot contacted MH370 before it vanished, says there was radio ‘interference�
10: 46
Passengers using sto- 11: 29 len passports bought MH370 tickets together.
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
Comments (passitive/negative/pray)
Reuters News
Missing Flight
364 273 656
Malasia Officially
Missing Flight
224 141 86
3% 35% 62%
0% 21% 78%
Mirror.co.uk
Passengers
633 747 410
27% 40% 33%
Malasia Officially
Rescue
345 354 723
44% 10% 46%
Department of Civil Aviation director-general Datuk Azharuddi
Rescue
230 10 37
New Sunday Times
The reason
522 30 125
2% 29% 68%
CNN
The reason
548 51 422
9% 43% 48%
11% 18% 71%
97
SOCIAL MEDIA
Media
9 11 13
Main Content
Timeline Beijing time
Facebook 10 (article)
Facebook 6 (article)
Singapore search team 12: 04 spot suspicious object 100km from Tho Chu island Chinese team arrives to assist families
15: 51
Missing plane: Search widens to Malaysia west coast
6: 59
KUALA LUMPUR: “ Alright , goodnight” were 4: 37 the last words transmitted from missing plane Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 mystery deepens; officials unable to confirm radar blip
7: 00
Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: 8: 39 Plane ‘may have flown for four hours after lastknown contact’
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
Wall Street Journal
Rescue
792 56 199
KLIA
Families
145 7 230
Comments (passitive/negative/pray) 11% 18% 71%
33% 13% 53%
99
SOCIAL MEDIA
BBC News
Rescue
246 84 150
40% 6% 54%
Malasia Officially
The reason
164 51 24
31% 25% 44%
CBS News
Rescue
240 20 11
13% 48% 39%
Indeoendent. co.uk
The reason
580 32 20
24% 36% 50%
Main Content
Media
16
Timeline Beijing time
Facebook 18 (article)
The plane changed course after it took off
8: 32
Robert Baer Former CIA Officer: So what the Police Malaysia, is doing is within their scope and SOP
9: 47
Malaysia steps up search for missing flight MH370, enlists help of 25 countries.
11: 56
It emerged that the pilot’s wife and three children moved out of the family’s home the day before the plane’s disappearance
16: 56
8 9 11 13 16 2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
Comments (passitive/negative/pray)
Malasia Airlines
The reason
164 51 24
CNN News
Rescue
149 12 192
30% 9% 61%
Malasia Officially
Rescue
193 18 10
63% 3% 34%
Mirror.co.uk
The reason
288 54 58
78% 16% 6%
14% 29%
8
12%
21% Human 30% 36%
9
16% 19% 65%
11% Human 15%
SOCIAL MEDIA
5% 42%
33%
101
11
23% Human
25%
5%
25% 38%
13
8% Human 16% 13%
54%
16
2%
Human
human rescue
44%
plane the reason pray
8
9
Media
Main Content
Timeline Beijing time
Twitter 20 (article)
Twitter 19 (article)
Malaysia Flight 370 has lost contact with air traffic control for about 3 hours. 227 passengers, 12 crew on board
0: 19
Stolen Passports Surface as Hunt Narrows for Malaysian Jet Wall Street Journal
11: 29
Officials in Vietnam reported a 12-mile or 20-kilometer-long oil slick that could be the first sign that the missing Malaysia Airlines jet
13: 29
The Complete name list release by MAS Officially
16: 30
Chinese ships of maritime police No. 3411 arrived at the suspected sea.
8: 42
Official: 'Strange object' not debris from missing Flight 370.
14: 52
Airline Looks After Families as Search Continues
20: 52
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
NBC News (us)
Missing Flight
0 0 0
Wall Street Journal
the reason of Missing
2 0 2
Malaysia Airlines
Missing Flight Rescue
11 0 0
Malaysia Airlines
passengers
272 0 56
CCTV News
Rescue
15 0 0
ANN News
Plane
2 0 1
NBC News
Rescue
4 0 6
Comments (passitive/negative/pray)
103 SOCIAL MEDIA
11
Media
Main Content
Timeline Beijing time
Twitter 57 (article)
Missing Malaysia 5: 38 Airlines Plane: Ringing Mobile Phones of Crew and Passengers, But No Answer Two Iranian men IDed as using stolen passports to board missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
11: 30
reported in the search 16: 27 for MAS Flight370. Plane flew off course. Search area expanded.
13
Twitter 64 (article)
RT: US satellite co. launches crowdsourcing effort to look for evidence of Flight MH370
23: 50
NASA Joins Hunt for Missing Malaysian Jetliner
2: 29
U.S. investigators sus- 4: 30 pect Malaysia flight 370 was airborne hours after vanishing #MH370 crashed into the Indian Ocean
16: 30
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
Fashion Times
The reason
4 0 6
New York Daily News
The reason
15 0 4
ABC News
Rescue
4 0 3
CBS News
Plane Rescue
210 0 48
SPACE.com
Rescue
2 0 2
Wall Street Journal
Rescue
70 0 29
The Verge
The reason
87 0 25
Comments (passitive/negative/pray)
105
Main Content
Media
16
Timeline Beijing time
Twitter 45 (article)
The Malaysian government put on hold all search operation until futher notice.
12: 00
3 Pieces Of Evidence Suggest Missing Flight's Takeover
19:30
8 9 11 13 16 2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
Malaysian Officially
Plane
30 0 15
The WorldPost
Plane
0 0 0
Comments (passitive/negative/pray)
107 SOCIAL MEDIA
15% 20%
8
12% Human 8%
30%
14%
9
45%
6% 37%
13
20% 26%
17%
25% Human 40% 28%
10% Human
16
10% Human
5% 42%
11
23% Human
25%
5%
human rescue
13% 20%
plane the reason pray
8
Timeline
Media
Main Content
Malaysia Airlines lose 8: 45 contact with Flight 370 carrying 239 people
82 (article)
The Complete name list release by MAS Officially
10:38
South China Sea 12: 17 Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation two rescue boat to South China Sea to carry out search and rescue work. Two of 227 passengers 23: 53 were using STOLEN passports
9
Weibo 79 (article)
Vietnam found a 121: 27 mile oil slick in the sea between southernmost Vietnam and northern Malaysia. Malaysia Airlines apologized to the families
6: 05
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
Comments (passitive/negative/pray)
CNN News
Missing Flight
16136 4032 751
Malasia Airlines
Passengers
3072 656 238
45% 5% 50%
13% 9% 78%
CCTV News
Rescue
11853 402 190
30% 3% 67%
Reuters News
Missing Flight Passengers
5412 2304 556
45% 5% 50%
Reuters News
Rescue
673 957 496
People’s daily
Family
1032 340 201
12% 73% 15%
30% 37% 33%
109 SOCIAL MEDIA
Media
9 11
13
Main Content
Timeline Beijing time
Weibo 23 (article)
Vietnam sent five rescue boats that arrived in the suspected sea.
10: 26
Chinese ships of maritime police No. 3411 arrived at the suspected sea.
11: 00
Families of Flight370 left for Kuala Lumpur
7: 26
Vietnam search the Flight expanded to 20,000 km sea
10: 55
Malaysia Airlines paid condolence payments to families
17: 11
21: 52 China has expanded the scope of the search. it has searched 6000 square km.
Weibo 22 (article)
[China announced a satellite captured imag- 6: 00 es] image taken on the 9th, showed 3 floating.
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
VnExpress
Rescue
2183 255 349
CCTV News
Rescue
42749 677 581
Comments (passitive/negative/pray) 48% 13% 38%
56% 7% 37%
People’s Daily
Family
684 462 662
29% 23% 48%
People’s Daily
Rescue Plane
436 348 282
24% 32% 44%
People’s Daily
Family
461 387 352
65% 12% 23%
People’s Daily
Rescue Plane
1191 410 261
78% 8% 14%
China Resources Satellite Application Center
Plane
792 432 363
56% 11% 33%
111 SOCIAL MEDIA
13
16
Media
Main Content
Timeline
Malaysia: The last time the signal is received MH370 8 am 1:07
11: 23
Malaysia: We found no 18: 49 wreckage in the vicinity of the suspected location of aircraft debris that Chinese satellite detected
Weibo 23 (article)
MAS: The phone number that Family members said can be contacted passengers currently located in the United States
19: 31
Where MH370 likely gone? The current findings support both directions.
9: 17
It emerged that the pilot’s wife and three children moved out of the family’s home the day before the plane’s disappearance
11: 24
Vietnam announced yesterday to stop the search and rescue operations
12: 30
Used Sources
Information attention
Feedback Audience attention
People’s Daily
The reason
5402 340 137
People’s Daily
Rescue
1643 392 190
Comments (passitive/negative/pray) 22% 51% 27% 78% 4% 18%
113 SOCIAL MEDIA
Malasia Airlines
The reason
2968 792 272
45% 21% 34%
Malasia Airlines
Plane
618 347 198
2% 65% 33%
CCTV News
The reason
1179 790 535
26% 54% 20%
Vietnam Officially
Rescue
2652 1573 14913
33% 45% 22%
16
Timeline
Main Content
Media
Beijing time
Malay military radar to 20: 11 detect aircraft was lost to climb to exceed the height specified in the Boeing 777, the driver of this move is likely to be in the cabin decompression
8 9 11 13 16 2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Information attention
Used Sources
Feedback Audience attention
Vietnam Officially
Comments (passitive/negative/pray)
618 347 198
Rescue
43% 19% 58%
115 SOCIAL MEDIA
27%
30%
8
33%
17% 16%
11%
13
19%
10% Human 20%
33%
22%
16
18% 17%
34%
9%
11
18%
17%
11% Human 11%
9
10% Human
Human
21% Human
36%
human rescue
22% 43%
plane the reason pray
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00 01 :19 :25
09 08: :06 45
st e li m n a a ll y te f fici e l mp S O Co y MA e T h se b le a
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23 :53
11: 29
T-F-W F-T-W W-F-T
2
4
6
8
10
This the first day of event. We can see the time of different media for the same information: two them ([Malaysia Airlines lose contact] and [Two of 227 passengers were using STOLEN passports]) are leaded by foreign(Facebook, Twitter) media, and chinese media always publish it after a long time. The other one, however, chinese media (Weibo) is the first to publish information.
12
14
16
18
20
22
I looked up the source of the informations, i found thay came from the same place. The data showed that there are more than 150 chinese people on the plane. Then it is not difficult to understand why this news is published first by Weibo.
32414
117
11659
SOCIAL MEDIA
392 81
453 7
693 246 58
8
9
11
And there is a interesting phenomenonthe that quantity of comment in Weibo is the highest in all these three media. This shows the pressure of public opinion have a huge inflence for Media.
2972 328 53
1267 198 15
13
16
21% Human
12% Human
10% Human
Foreign>Chiese 16.5% 10%
11% Human
23% Human
10% Human
23% Human
10% Human
Foreign>Chiese 10.5% 10%
There are the 5 days of the event. We found that media pay a big attention to sitiuation of missing flight and the reason of the missing, but focus less on the passengers and thier families. Campare the Facebook, Twitter and Weibo, we can see a phenomenon which foreign audiences follow more information about human than chiese audiences.
21% Human
Foreign>Chiese 23% 21%
8% Human
25% Human
11% Human
Foreign>Chiese 16.5% 11%
2%
Human
10% Human
9%
Foreign<Chiese 6% 9%
Human
SOCIAL MEDIA
The Human Face Behind the Mirror The first word which comes to mind when talking about the media is “power”; rightly so, being the one to decide which news are noteworthy and which not, the media has the ability to shape the public mind. While working on this project, however, we were constantly using another word; word just as powerful, but much more human: empathy. The capacity to feel for others, to be willing to identify with what somebody else is experiencing - empathy has the power beyond governments and beyond cosmopolitan enterprises. While comparing the news coverage of the disappearance of flight MH370 from China and America, we noticed that one of the biggest differentiations between the media in the two countries was the role of empathy in it. The American media was not just relaying on it, as a human “weakness” which would sell more issues, cynically speaking, but was deliberately using it to send a message to the public. This message was many times stronger “wearing” a human face, than it was in the long articles dedicated to precise description of the factual events. The role of mass media in America is given as an example for its influence in modern society. In the USA sociologists talk more and more about “mediated culture” in which the media simultaneously creates and reflects the culture.
Although it is easy to follow the political interests of the government in many of the articles of The New York Times, the journalists try to give their audience a chance to meet the real person behind the facts. The official media of China, however, has no place for human stories. All the articles published in People’s Daily are dedicated to the political relationship between China and Malaysia, as if any tragedy could be approached on a political level. This could be explained by the political pressure which the Chinese media suffers from the government. The news coverage is not only limited, but often reflects only the official position of the Party. If we take for an example the news coverage of the mystery of flight MH370, we could see that the Chinese media broadcasts only what the Malaysian government and the Malaysian military have stated publicly and has a direct connected to China - as a country which gave more victims than any other involved in the tragedy. The Chinese media deliberately overlooks the advantage of using other sources of information (foreign or unofficial) – something basic for journalism in the USA. This is not because it has not occurred to anyone involved in the Chinese media; It is simply because almost nobody is interested in finding the most objective, the most legitimate information on a subject which would not be
broadcasted if it contradicts the official position of the government in any way. The freedom of speech in America, no matter how often contradicted by the political or economical reality, does exist. The same could not be said for China, at least not for the time being. Empathy is a strong weapon and as such it should be handled carefully. It is easy to associate a whole nation with its countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s politics or with its religion, but generalizations like this often lead to prejudice, to alienation. The human face of the story is what reminds us all that apart from religion, heritage or politics we are the same. We all share one fate, many fears and infinite possibilities. Just look through the black mirror...
Table of Contents
Introduction
5
I. Traditional Media A. Newspaper B. Television
11 41
II. New Media A. Online Newspaper 75 95 B. Social Media
The Black Mirror
123
Works Cited
125
Works Cited “How Popular Is NYTimes.com.” Alexa. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2015. <http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ nytimes.com>. Karp, Scott. “Newspaper Online vs. Print Ad Revenue.” Publishing 2.0; The (r)Evolution of Media. N.p., 17 July 2007. Web. 5 Jan. 2015. <http://publishing2.com/2007/07/17/ newspaper-online-vs-print-ad-revenue-the-10-problem/>. Newitz, Annalee. “Black Mirror is television science fiction at its best.” io9. N.p., 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 12 Jan. 2015. <http://io9.com/5876704/ black-mirror-is-television-science-fiction-at-its-best>. “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online News.” Storify. Liveryre, 2014. Web. 6 Jan. 2015. <https://storify.com/nakednews/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-online-news>. “The Role and Influence of Mass Media.” CliffNotes: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2015. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/sociology/contemporary-mass-media/ the-role-and-influence-of-mass-media>.
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