Hiking Shelter Final Report by Aditya Bali

CLIMATICALLY RESPONSIVE HIKING SHELTER FINAL REPORT

39°20’5.60”N 120°19’2.30”W Aditya Bali Rachelle Casbeer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary Design Drawings Sun Shading Study R-value and U-value Work Sheets Design Heat Loss/Gain Spread Sheet

5 7 15 23 32

Appendix

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

4 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

DONNER PASS-HIKING SHELTER SUMMARY

Downhill from the Pacific Crest Trail and overlooking Donner Lake to the East, the hiking shelter is huddled in the shadow of the Sierra Nevada’s rocky peaks. The area is named after the Donner party pioneers who spent a difficult winter in the East valley when the pass was blocked by snow.

Design Brief The shelter is primarily used as overnight facilities, with a possibility of ‘Naturalist in Residence’. It must sleep 4 people, and provide a full bathroom, kitchen, and common area. It should facilitate small discussion groups, up to 10 people while limiting building size to 4,000 cubic feet.

Shelter Design The shelter site is located at Donner Summit Canyon 6000 feet above sea level on a south-southeast facing slope, near Donner Creek and Pacific Crest Trail where year-round access is available. The eastern view of Lake Donner and the surrounding valley connect inhabitants to nature through large glass doors with uninterrupted sightlines. A compact kitchen and folding Murphy beds increase the living area for larger gatherings. An environmentally friendly scheme includes daylighting through skylights and East facing glass door wall, seasonal solar heat gain through Southern windows and ceiling skylights, thermally efficient Concrete Fiber SIP envelope and solar design for heating and electricity generation. The elevation and climate require heating 67.4% (Chart 6*) of the year as average winter (November to April) temperatures range 20o-40o F (Chart 1*) and snow depths vary from 6-36” annually. Siting the hiking shelter into the mountain protects the north side of the building and takes thermal advantage of more consistent ground temperatures (30oF winter, 50oF summer, Chart 5*) while the south wall is exposed for maximum solar opportunity (Chart 2*). Building East on the leeward side of the mountain provides west and north wind protection and reduces the likelihood of heaviest snow. A southern entry ensures fast snow melt off and less ice formation during winter. Maximizing southern wall exposure and minimizing northern glazing provides a thermally efficient design while large southern exposure windows will provide the greatest solar heating gains during spring and fall (Chart 2*). East and South facing windows will be triple pane, low-E, krypton glass to increase R-value to passive house standards and operable to provide necessary summer ventilation. Smart blinds on the East doors mitigate sun glare while shading fins on southern windows keep out summer heat. Doubled Concrete Fiber SIP walls create a trombe space and use natural convection to circulate warm air out through vents during summer with these vents closed in the winter. PV panels heat the air space within the SIP envelope and solar hot water heaters while electricity generation warms the wood floors. *Refer to charts in appendix for climate study (pg. 36) and psychrometric (pg. 38) SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

6 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

DESIGN DRAWINGS SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

SITE PLAN

8 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW FROM SOUTH EAST SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

N FLOOR PLAN

EAST ELEVATION

10 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

NORTH ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 11

N FLOOR PLAN WITH SITE TOPOGRAPHY

12 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

EAST - WEST SECTION

NORTH - SOUTH SECTION SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 13

14 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

SUN SHADING STUDY

The red lines in the sun shading chart indicate that June and July 10 am -6 pm, and beginning of September 11am-5pm require shading. The yellow indicates that shade helps provide comfort in August and at the end of September. Shading fins were applied to the south facing windows to reduce summer heat transmission. The remainder of the year sun is needed to warm the structure. Radiation Range--The direct normal radiation is highest in July, August is around 3000 daily hours and in September, above 2500 total daily hours. It decreases drastically by October and November, below 2000 daily hours. It is increasing from a winter level in March, April, May, above 1500 but below 2000 daily hours. June is in the middle with about 2200 daily hours. Insufficient light was entering the building during the day so rooftop skylights were inserted and a glass ceiling to reflect the light through the space as the sun moved across the sky. Reflectance-- A 30% reflectance was calculated in the summer months based on the light colored rock and little tree cover or grass surrounding the hiking shelter. In the winter the reflectance will be much higher with snowfall but shading is not needed as the windows and trombe wall are tasked with admitting heat to the interior. The North wall receives diffuse light in all seasons and at all hours of the day. Significant Solar Heat Gain* is minimal and so glazing is minimized as the climate and location of this shelter is mountainous, high elevation and requires heating the majority of the year, usually end of September through beginning of May. The East wall receives morning sunlight and Solar Heat Gain* year round with the least amount occurring in the winter months because of the low sun angle. The heat gain is desired as this is a heating climate. Morning glare is controlled and filtered through the operation of automatic blinds programmed by a smart home device. The West wall is sheltered in the earth and receives the benefit of consistent ground temperatures throughout the year. This helps to reduce the heating and cooling load of the building. Burying the west wall also mitigates the issue of intense hot western heat gains during summer. The South wall receives the most Solar Heat Gain* as designed to benefit the shelter in a heating climate. The trombe wall is exposed year round to the sun and is vented in the summer to dissipate unwanted heat. *Refer to charts in appendix for sun shading (pg.40-44) and solar heat gain (pg.44-49) SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 15

VIEW LOOKING AT SOUTH AND EAST ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING

VIEW LOOKING AT NORTH ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING

16 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

VIEW OF INTERIOR SPACE OF THE SHELTER LOOKING WEST

VIEW OF INTERIOR SPACE OF THE SHELTER LOOKING OUT TO THE LAKE (EAST) SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 17

18 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

ANALYSIS RESULTS TO INFORM DESIGN CHANGES

Additional windows were necessary because the interior of the shelter was underlit after 11 am as the sun moved away from the eastern window wall. Two windows were added on the south wall to allow heat and light to penetrate the building during heating months (September-May). These windows provide much needed illumination and passive solar heat gain. Horizontal shading fins were designed on the two south windows to redirect summer heat (June-August) while allowing diffuse light inside. As a result of the high summer sun angle these fins do not need to be very wide to serve their purpose. We evaluated the maximum angle of the sun on August 21 at 1 pm to design the fin coverage. Two skylights were added on the roof for daylighting as well as solar heating in the spring (March-May) and fall (September- November) shoulder seasons. The sun angles in spring and fall spread daylight out and penetrate the glass effectively providing passive solar heat gain. Much lower winter sun angles only provide the roof with diffuse light during the months of December-February. During the heat of the summer, June-August, electrochromic dynamic glass on the skylights is activated by sensors and programmed to self tint and reflect the heat of the sun that would otherwise penetrate the building because of the high sun angle nearly direct overhead. In August the hillside begins to shade the shelter in the late afternoon (4 pm) providing respite from scorching sun rays. The depth of the ceiling cavity prevented skylight illumination and solar heat gain from reaching the shelter floor for more than an hour in the heating months (September-May). The ceiling was redesigned with an opaque glass insert to allow diffuse light to illuminate the space during the majority of the day, 9 am to 3 pm, year round. The chosen glass allows critical internal passive solar heat gain through the insulating cavity of the envelope. During the summer (June-August) the heat is vented out as well as reflected out by tinted skylights. This allows sufficient daylighting while minimizing solar heat gain to keep the interiors comfortable during the summer. *Refer to charts in appendix for sun shading (pg.40-44) and solar heat gain (pg.44-49) SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 19

SOUTH ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING (BEFORE SHADING ANALYSIS)

SOUTH ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING (AFTER SHADING ANALYSIS)

20 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING EAST (BEFORE SHADING ANALYSIS)

INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING EAST (AFTER SHADING ANALYSIS) SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 21

22 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

R-VALUE AND U-VALUE WORK SHEETS SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 23

NORTH ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION

24 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

East Wall Wall: Glass Doors:

Area

374 231.8 142.2

Area North Wall Wall: Window 3:

% of Total Area 0.62 0.38

% of Total Area 697 670 27

0.96 0.04

R Value R Value AVG 57.3 5

35.51 1.90 37.41

R Value R Value AVG 57.3 9

55.08 0.35 55.43

U Value

U*A

0.02 0.20

U Value 0.02 0.11

2.51 10.81 13.32 U*A

F A W A C C A

11.24 0.12 11.36

Area

% of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A Wall Materials Thickness R Value U Value West Wall 374 Wall: 374 57.3 57.30 0.02 6.53 Air Film, Exterior 1/4" 1.00 Cement Skin SIP Exterior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 11" EPS 57.30 43.846.53 0.02 Air Gap 24" 1.00 1.00 Cement Skin SIP Interior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 2" EPS AVG 8.74 0.11 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value U Value U*A Air Film, Interior 1/4" Roof Total 902 Roof: 832.1 0.92 53.2 49.08 0.02 53.59 14.43 0.02 Skylight 1: 25.5 0.03 9 0.25 0.11 0.08 Floor Materials Thickness R 0.11 Value U Value Skylight 2: 44.4 0.05 9 0.44 0.24 Air Film, Interior 1/4" 49.77 14.75 Wood Floor, OSB 3/4", 1/2" 1.33 0.75 Air Gap 12"Area R Value R Value AVG 1.00 1.00 Area % of Total U Value U*A Concrete beams 2" concrete, 12" air gap, 2" concrete 0.60 1.67 Floor Total 902 Faรงade Analysis CementFloor: Skin SIP Floor 5/16 Cement Fiber, 11" EPS 47.53 902 1 47.53 0.02 43.84 18.98 0.02 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A Air Film, Exterior 1/4" 47.53 18.98 South Wall 697 46.77 0.02 Wall: 604.35 0.87 57.3 49.68 0.02 9.15 Air Only Area22.75 % of Total Area Door: 0.03 R Value 6 R Value AVG0.20 U Value 0.17 U*A 0.12 South Wall 656 Window 1: 25.5 0.04 9 0.33 0.11 0.10 Wall: 413.75 0.63 57.3 36.14 0.02 4.55 Window 2: 44.4 0.06 9 0.57 0.11 0.31 Floor heat loss Total Loss 0.13 Door: 22.75 0.03 6 0.21 0.17 50.78 9.69 Floor area contacting ground25.5 537.9 0.11 396.100.11 Window 1: 0.04 9 0.35 Floor area no contact 324.5 0.11 477.910.33 Window 2: 44.4 0.07 9 0.61 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U35Value U*A Temp change contact 37.31 5.13 East Wall 374 Wall Materials Thickness U Value Temp change no contact 70 R Value Film, Exterior 1/4"0.62 Wall: 231.8 57.3 35.51 0.02 2.51 UAir value 0.021039344 Glass Doors: 5 11" EPS 1.90 0.20 43.84 10.81 0.02 Cement Skin SIP Exterior 142.2 5/160.38 Cement Fiber, Total heat loss Q=UAdeltaT 37.41 13.32 1.00 Air Gap 24" 1.00 Cement SIPLoss Interior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 2" EPS 0.11 West WallSkin Heat Total Loss 8.74 Air Film, Interiorground Area % of Total1/4" Area R Value R Value AVG U Value 228.45 U*A Area contacting 374 53.59 0.02 North Wall 697 Temp change 35 670 0.96 57.3 55.08 0.02 11.24 U valueWall: 0.017452007 Floor Window Materials3: Thickness R0.11 Value U Value 27 0.04 9 0.35 0.12 *Refer to charts in appendix for Additional Heat Loss Calculations (pg. 50-51) Air Film, Interior 1/4" 55.43 North/South Wall Ground Heat Loss Total Loss 11.36 SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS | 25 Wood Floor, OSB 3/4", 1/2" 1.33 0.75 Area of walls contacting ground 299.2 195.42 Gap 1.00 1.00 Area % of Total12" Area R Value R Value0.018660894 AVG U Value U*A UAir value

F F F T T U T

W A T U

N A U W T A C SA SC TA

N F N A T W A C C A

F F

EAST ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

26 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

Wall: Door: Window 1: Window 2:

604.35 22.75 25.5 44.4

0.87 0.03 0.04 0.06

57.3 6 9 9

49.68 0.20 0.33 0.57 50.78

0.02 0.17 0.11 0.11

9.15 0.12 0.10 0.31 9.69

Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A Faรงade East WallAnalysis 374 Area231.8 % of Total Area Wall: 0.62 R Value 57.3 R Value AVG 35.51 U Value 0.02 U*A 2.51 SouthDoors: Wall 697 Glass 142.2 0.38 5 1.90 0.20 10.81 Wall: 604.35 0.87 57.3 49.68 0.02 9.15 37.41 13.32 Door: 22.75 0.03 6 0.20 0.17 0.12 Window 1: Area 25.5 % of Total Area 0.04 R Value 9 R Value AVG0.33 U Value 0.11 U*A 0.10 Window 2: 44.4 0.06 9 0.57 0.11 0.31 North Wall 697 Wall Materials Thickness R Value U Value 50.78 9.69 Air Film, Exterior 1/4" 0.96 Wall: 670 57.3 55.08 0.02 11.24 CementWindow Skin SIP3: Exterior 5/160.04 Cement Fiber, 27 9 11" EPS 0.35 0.11 43.840.12 0.02 Area % of Total Air Gap 24"Area R Value R Value AVG 1.00 55.43 U Value U*A 11.36 1.00 374 CementEast SkinWall SIP Interior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 2" EPS 8.74 0.11 Air Film,Wall: Interior 1/4" 0.62 R Value 57.3 R Value AVG 35.51 U Value 0.02 U*A 2.51 Area 231.8 % of Total Area GlassWall Doors: 142.2 0.38 5 1.90 0.20 53.5910.81 0.02 West 374 37.41 13.32 Wall: 374 1.00 57.3 57.30 0.02 6.53 Floor Materials Thickness R Value U Value 57.30 6.53 Air Film, Interior 1/4" Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A Wood Floor, 3/4", 1/2" R Value R Value AVG 1.33 0.75 NorthOSB Wall Area 697 % of Total Area U Value U*A Air GapRoof 12" 0.96 Wall:Total 670 57.3 55.08 0.02 1.0011.24 1.00 902 Concrete beams 3: 2" concrete, air9 gap, 2" concrete Window 27 0.04 12" 0.35 0.11 0.60 0.12 1.67 Roof: 832.1 0.92 53.2 49.08 0.02 14.43 CementSkylight Skin SIP1:Floor 5/160.03 Cement Fiber, 55.43 25.5 9 11" EPS 0.25 0.11 43.8411.36 0.08 0.02 Air Film, Exterior 1/4" 0.05 Skylight 2: 44.4 9 0.44 0.11 0.24 46.77 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A 49.77 14.75 0.02 West Wall 374 Wall: 1.00 R Value 57.3 R Value AVG 57.30 U Value 0.02 U*A 6.53 Area 374 % of Total Area 57.30 6.53 Floor Total 902 Floor heat loss Total Floor: 902 1 47.53 47.53 0.02Loss 18.98 Floor area contacting ground 537.9 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value 396.10 U*A18.98 47.53 Floor area noTotal contact 324.5 477.91 Roof 902 Wall Materials Thickness R Value U Value Temp change contact Roof: 832.1 % of Total Area 0.92 R Value 53.2 R Value AVG 49.08 U35Value 0.02 U*A 14.43 Air Only Area Air Film, Exterior 1/4" Temp change no1:contact Skylight 25.5 0.03 9 0.25 70 0.11 0.08 South Wall 656 Cement Skin SIP Exterior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 11" EPS 43.84 0.02 U valueWall: 0.021039344 Skylight 2: 44.4 0.05 9 0.44 0.11 0.24 413.75 0.63 57.3 36.14 0.02 4.55 Air Gap 24" 1.00 1.00 Total heat loss Q=UAdeltaT 49.77 14.75 Door: 22.75 0.03 6 0.21 0.17 0.13 Cement Skin SIP Interior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 2" EPS 8.74 0.11 Window 1: 25.5 0.04 9 0.35 0.11 0.11 Air Film, 1/4" West WallInterior Heat Loss Area Total Loss Window 2: 44.4 % of Total Area 0.07 R Value9 R Value AVG 0.61 U Value 0.11 U*A 53.590.33 0.02 Area contacting ground 374 228.45 Floor Total 902 37.31 5.13 Temp change 35 Floor: 902 1 47.53 47.53 0.02 18.98 Materials Thickness R Value U Value UFloor value 0.017452007 47.53 18.98 Air Film, Interior 1/4" *Refer charts inOSB appendix for Additional Heat Loss Calculations Woodto Floor, 3/4", 1/2"(pg. 50-51) 0.75 North/South Wall Ground Heat Loss Total Loss1.33 SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS | 27 Air Only Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A Air Gap 12" 1.00 1.00 Area of walls contacting ground 299.2 195.42 South Wall 656 2" concrete, 12" air gap, 2"0.018660894 concrete 0.60 1.67 UConcrete value beams

C A C A

F A W W AA CC CA AC A

F FA FW FA TC TC UA

W A TF UF F NT AT UU TT

SW SA TT U

NN NA TU T

S S

ROOF PLAN

28 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

.02 .00 .11

.02

.75 .00 .67 .02

.02

Fl A Fl Fl Te Fl Te A U W To A C W C A A Te

Window 2:

0.06 R Value 9 R Value AVG0.57 U Value 0.11 U*A 0.31 Area 44.4 % of Total Area 50.78 9.69 West Wall 374 Wall: 374 1.00 57.3 57.30 0.02 6.53 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG 57.30 U Value U*A 6.53 East Wall 374 Wall: 0.62 R Value 57.3 R Value AVG 35.51 U Value 0.02 U*A 2.51 Area231.8 % of Total Area GlassTotal Doors: 142.2 0.38 5 1.90 0.20 10.81 Roof 902 37.41 13.32 Roof: 832.1 0.92 53.2 49.08 0.02 14.43 Skylight 1: 25.5 0.03 9 0.25 0.11 0.08 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A Skylight 2: 44.4 0.05 9 0.44 0.11 0.24 North Wall 697 49.77 14.75 Wall: 670 0.96 57.3 55.08 0.02 11.24 Window 3: 0.04 R Value 9 R Value AVG0.35 U Value 0.11 U*A 0.12 Area 27 % of Total Area 11.36 Floor 902 RoofTotal Materials Thickness R55.43 Value U Value

N A Fl U Fl Te Fl Te So Te So U Te To

Floor: 1 47.53 47.53 0.02 18.98 Air Film, Exterior 902 1/4" Area Area RFiber, Value11" REPS Value AVG 47.53 U Value Cement Skin SIP Exterior % of Total 5/16 Cement 43.84 U*A 18.98 0.02 West Wall 374 Air Gap 24" 1.00 1.00 Wall: 1.00 57.3 R Value AVG 57.30 U Value 0.02 U*A 0.25 6.53 Double 1/4" with 3/4"R air gap 4.00 Air Only Pane Glass Area 374 % of Total Area Value 57.30 6.53 Air Film, 1/4" South WallInterior 656 48.84 0.02 Wall: 413.75 0.63 57.3 36.14 0.02 4.55 Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A Door: 22.75 0.03 6 0.21 0.17 0.13 Roof Total 902 Window 1: 25.5 0.04 9 0.35 0.11 0.11 Roof: 832.1 0.92 53.2 49.08 0.02 14.43 W Window 2: 44.4 0.07 9 0.61 0.11 0.33 N Skylight 25.5 9 0.25 0.11 0.08 A Air Only1: Area 0.03 % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG 37.31 5.13 N Skylight 2: 44.4 0.05 9 0.11 0.24 Te North Wall 656 0.44 Te Wall: 479.4 0.73 57.30 41.87 49.77 14.75 U Wall Materials Thickness R Value U Value 27 0.04 9.00 0.37 Air Film,Window Exterior 3: 1/4" Area % of Total Area R Value R Value U Value U*A Cement Skin SIP Exterior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 11" EPS AVG 43.84 0.02 42.24N 902 A Air GapFloor Total 24" 1.00 1.00 902 1 47.53 47.53 0.02 8.74 18.98 0.11 U CementFloor: Skin SIP Interior 5/16 Cement Fiber, 2" EPS 47.53 18.98 Te Air Film, Interior 1/4" 53.59 0.02 Air Only Area % of Total Area R Value R Value AVG U Value U*A So South Wall 656 So Floor Materials Thickness R Value U Value Wall: 413.75 57.3 36.14 0.02 4.55 Te Air Film, Interior 1/4" 0.63 Wood Floor, 3/4",0.03 1/2" Door: OSB 22.75 6 0.21 0.17 1.330.13 0.75 Air GapWindow 1: 12" 0.04 25.5 9 0.35 0.11 1.000.11 1.00 Concrete beams2: 2" concrete, Window 44.4 0.07 12" air 9 gap, 2" concrete 0.61 0.11 0.600.33 1.67 N Cement Skin SIP Floor 5/16 Cement Fiber, 11" EPS 37.31 43.845.13 0.02 N Air Film, Exterior 1/4" Te 46.77 0.02

*Refer heat to charts in appendix for Additional Heat Loss Calculations (pg. 50-51) Floor loss Floor area contacting ground Floor area no contact

Total Loss 537.9 396.10 324.5 477.91

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 29

EAST - WEST SECTION

FLOOR SOUTH PLAN - NORTH WITH SECTION SITE TOPOGRAPHY

30 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

CONCRETE FIBER SIP*

*The thickness of the insulation and panel varies. Please refer to the section for roof and wall sip panel thickness.

FLOOR DETAIL SECTION SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 31

BUILDING HEAT LOS

Design

R VALUES, ft2-hr-˚F / BTU Wall R Value Floor over outdoors R Value Window R Value Sloped Ceiling R Value

ELEMENT Walls Floor over outdoors Windows Sloped Ceiling Flat Ceiling Skylight Opaque Door Glass Door Slab on grade (perimeter) Foundation Wall (heated space) Foundation Wall height (inches or ft?) Slab area

32 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

Shell area CFM50/ssf (surface square foot) Infiltration Ventilation effectiveness Ventilation, CFM Total UA - Building load coefficient Heat loss, BTU/hr

54 46.77 9.0 0.00

Flat C Skylig Opaq Glass

AREA, ft2 UA, BTU / hr-˚F 2142.00 39.97 324.50 6.94 96.90 10.77 0.00 0.00 902.00 18.47 69.90 7.77 0.00 0.00 142.20 28.44 92.00 673.20

7.41 110.00

528.00 4205.50 0.05 45.42 0.00 0.00

0.00 275.18 19262.65

final Heat Loss Calcs

SS CALCULATIONS

Ceiling R Value ght R Value que Door R Value s Door R Value

49 9.00 0.0 5.0

Building Area, ft2

Slab on grade R Value Foundation(heated) R Value

902

46.77 57

Heat loss, BTU/hr 1 Walls 2 Floor over outdoors 3 Windows 4 Sloped Ceiling 5 Flat Ceiling 6 Skylight 7 Opaque Door 8 Glass Door 9 Slab on grade 10 space) 11 Infiltration 12 Ventilation

2,798 486 754 1,293 544 1,991 519 7,700 3,179 -

Total heat loss, BTU/hr

19,263

BTU/hr-ft2

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

*Refer to charts in appendix for Additional Heat Loss Calculations (pg. 50-51)

n Temperature Difference, Ë&#x161;F

| 33

34 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

APPENDIX

Climate Study from project part 1 Psychrometric Charts Sun Shading • March 21 • August 21 • December 21 Heat Gain Charts • South Window 1 • South Window 2 • East Window • North Window • Skylight 1 • Skylight 2 Additional Heat Loss Calculations Materials

36 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 52

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 35

36 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

CLIMATE STUDY FROM PROJECT PART 1

SUN SHADING CHART

June-September Require Shading

RADIATION RANGE

MONTHLY DIURNAL AVERAGES

These months shown in red and yellow have enough sun exposure to make people uncomfortable and overheat a building.

Selected Months for Analysis of Sun Angles: March, August, December Different seasons demand different shading or non shading strategies for the building to heat and cool effectively. Shading is needed in August but probably not in December when a heating load exists.

Selected Months: March, August, December Months selected based on High, Mid, and Low Direct Normal Radiation ranges. August has a high radiation with little cloud cover, March has a mid radiation range with desirable heat gain, and December has a low radiation range with more cloud cover. SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 37

PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS 38 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

March Heating is required, sun penetration is desired but partial shading is necessary to reduce glare.

August Sun Shading is required in August to prevent building overheating.

December No Shading in December as sun is required for daylighting, PV cells, and to heat the trombe wall. Heating is required. SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 39

SUN SHADING 40 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

MARCH 21 Some shading is desired to reduce glare as a result of the low sun angle and increasing intensity of the light as spring comes. The sun rises at 7 am and sets at 4 pm at a higher angle than during the winter. Heating is still an important factor through May. March 21 - 9 AM

March 21 - 1 PM

March 21 - 4 PM

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 41

AUGUST 21 Shading is necessary due to hot temperatures and undesirable solar heat gain. Longer days extend hours of available sunlight. Shading will prevent building overheating.

August 21 - 9 AM

August 21 - 1 PM

August 21 - 4 PM

42 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

DECEMBER 21 No shading is desired because the sunlight hours are the shortest and the winter temperatures are cold. The southern side of the building receives angled light all day beginning at 7:30 am and sundown occurs at 4 pm. Diffuse lighting is weak and the skylights do not receive any direct sunlight. Heating is required. December 21 - 9 AM

December 21 - 1 PM

December 21 - 4 PM

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 43

Key Plan

SOUTH WINDOW #1

44 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

Units forArea- Sq ft. Solar Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Total Heat Gain-BTU/H ft2

Key Plan

SOUTH WINDOW #2 Units forArea- Sq ft. Solar Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Total Heat Gain-BTU/H ft2

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 45

Key Plan

EAST WINDOW WALL

46 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

Units forArea- Sq ft. Solar Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Total Heat Gain-BTU/H ft2

Key Plan

NORTH WINDOW Units forArea- Sq ft. Solar Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Total Heat Gain-BTU/H ft2

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 47

Key Plan

SKYLIGHT #1

48 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

Units forArea- Sq ft. Solar Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Total Heat Gain-BTU/H ft2

Key Plan

SKYLIGHT #2 Units forArea- Sq ft. Solar Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Heat Gain Factor- BTU/H ft2 Total Heat Gain-BTU/H ft2

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 49

50 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

ADDITIONAL HEAT LOSS CALCULATIONS

Wood Floor, OSB Air Gap Concrete beams Cement Skin SIP Floor Air Film, Exterior

3/4", 1/2" 12" 2" concrete, 12" air gap, 2" concrete 5/16 Cement Fiber, 11" EPS 1/4"

1.33 1.00 0.60 43.84

0 1 1 0

46.77

Floor heat loss Floor area contacting ground Floor area no contact Temp change contact Temp change no contact U value Total heat loss Q=UAdeltaT

Total Loss 537.9 396.10 324.5 477.91 35 70 0.021039344

West Wall Heat Loss Area contacting ground Temp change U value

Total Loss 374 228.45 35 0.017452007

North/South Wall Ground Heat Loss Area of walls contacting ground U value Temp change

Total Loss 299.2 195.42 0.018660894 35

South wall air heat loss South wall UA Temp change

Total Loss 5.129791357 359.09 70

North wall air heat loss North wall UA Temp change

Total Loss 6.237646852 436.64 70

SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 51

MATERIALS 52 | ARC 513 - ECS - I

Cement Fiber Skin SIP lnnova manufactures energy efficient Cement Fiber Skin SIPs panels (CSIPS). Our CSIPS panels are manufactured with a expanded polystyrene insulating foam core of 1 to 3 pound density, that is sandwiched between two 5/16” thick cement fiber skins. Buildings constructed with CSIPs are more durable and will require less maintenance than buildings with OSB SIPs panels. Fiber-Cement Board SIPs will not rot or corrode and have a higher fire rating than OSB SIPs. Cement Fiber boards will not support black mold growth and have a high resistance to moisture absorption. CSIP panels emit no know toxins and are classified as a “Green Building Material.” With the use of a CSIPS panel, drywall can be eliminated which further reduces the time and cost of construction. The exterior surface of CSIPS can be painted or coated with a synthetic stucco finish, lap siding and a host of other suitable exterior finishes. CSIPS used to construct load-bearing walls up to four stories, roof panels up to 20 foot spans, floors spanning up to 16 feet between supports. In nova CSIPs are manufactured in our climate controlled factory with state of the art equipment to produce one of the highest quality CSIPs available on the market. lnnova Panels are extremely strong, durable, energy efficient and cost effective.

https://innovaecobuildingsystem.com/home/cement-fiber-skin-structural-insulated-panels/

ProVia Triple-Pane Glass - Details

https://entrylink.provia.com/entrylink/doc.aspx?id=90 SHELTER PROJECT DONNER PASS

| 53