AIDI AFFENDI KUSIM
C O N T E S T E D Y R . 5
2 0 1 3
P R O G R A M
P E R I P H E R I E S
-
2 0 1 4
( 4 . 2 )
M O B I L I T Y
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
INDEX portfolio structural contents [01]
INDEX
Portfolio Structural Contents
[01]
[02]
MOBILITY
Design Framework
[03]
[03]
CONTESTED PERIPHERIES
Netherlands Field Trip IJburg mobility concept
[04]
[07]
[12]
[04]
INTRODUCTION
[05]
TRANSPORTATION
[06]
MSC
[07]
PORTS
present and future mobility motorways and land transportation green highway network shipping and investment United Kingdom ports connectivity
[08]
COMMODITIES
Products and Transportation
[09]
PORTS AND CONNECTIVITY Products Circulation
[10]
INFRASTRUCTURES
[11]
MSC
[12]
SHIPPING CONTAINERS
[13]
CONTAINERS
[05] [06]
[08] [09] [10] [11]
[13]
Existing Infrastructures And Opportunities Conceptual Diagram Railway Connectivity Future Development And Investment Form And Typologies Transportation Cycle Programs And Events Form, Size And Mobility Form, Size And Exploded Diagram Programs And Events Programs [01]
[14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
INDEX portfolio structural contents
[25] [26]
AERATION UNIT
Dirty Canal Oxygenation Nodes Schematic Structure
[16]
MODEL
Form Configuration And Experimentation (physical model)
[28]
[17]
CONTAINERS
Experimentation Of Typologies (digital model) Configuration Of Programs (digital model)
[30] [31]
[18]
TYPOLOGY
[32] [33] [34] [35]
[19]
PERSPECTIVE
Floor And Roof Plans Elevations 3-Dimensional model Flexibility and Mobility Conceptual Conceptual Conceptual
[20]
REFERENCES
[14]
MSC
[15]
[27]
[36] [37] [38] [39]
[02]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MOBILITY Design Framework
4.3 Manchester Ship Canal Geographical context which serves an interesting geographical changes through logistical and transportational capacity . MSC will be seeing positive growth of infrastructure and networks to lift the quality and nodes of connectivity through the shipment of commodities.
4.1 Collaborative Networks understanding of the heterogenous networks along the geographical test ground of Manchester Ship Canal by linking and mapping the configuration of the urban physical components and the operational principles of infrastructures, juxtapositioning them with the circulatory system of the C a n a l .
[03]
4.2 Program Mobility
4.3 Realization
Utilizing the growth of capacity of the Manchester Ship Canal, Shipping containers are seen to serve opportunities to accomodate not just products and goods, but also potential programs. By reprogramming shipping containers, this portfolio is looking at the posibilities and experimentation of forms to deliver the theoretical idea of mobilizing programs.
Consolidation of a coherent project proposal with logical progression and extension of 4.1 and 4.2 ,to further develop and refine the research and project through via the study of construction, detail drawings, and physical model.
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
1
CONTESTED PERIPHERIES Netherlands Field Trip
DUS Architects
‘Public Architecture’ ranging from large urban strategies to outdoor breakfast designs that consciously influences our daily life. DUS sees architecture as a craftsmanship and combines research and design with a ‘hands on’ approach and unique use of materials.
2
Monnik
Monnik is an artistic and academic research office dedicated to an inclusive and sustainable future. We work towards a fair but certainly not finished place where new and unexpected things continue to happen
3
1
Claus en Khan Architecten
To extinguish the schism between low practice and high theory, between architecture that serves its immediate objective and architecture that speaks over the heads of its users to colleagues and critics
10 2 A 3
4
Superuse Studio
Superuse Studios is a Rotterdam based architecture office that utilises the contextual potential for design. A design is not considered as the beginning of a linear process but as a phase in a continuous cycle of creation and recreation, use and reuse.
5
9
Piet Vollaard
The mission of Stichting SLA is to create and discuss concepts and ideas for buildings and cities that combine an optimal performance with a minimal use of materials and energy.
8 7 4 5 6 B
6
Urbannerdam
Within Urbannerdam is the combination of years of experience, innovation and resultsoriented work the guiding principle, work for clients based on the view that the result is to do and it has lasting meaning for the one who needs to get to work
7
Vitibuck
The office takes an active part in initiatives from inhabitants and cultural institutions, with the goal to revitalize and adopt the public space. Future users of a building or the public space are the starting point of the creation proces into a spatial intervention
8 A
Developing strategies for neighbourhoods and cities. Everything happens somewhere and while the built environment is shaped by its social, economic and political context, the reverse is also to an extent true.
IJburg
IJburg is a residential neighbourhood under construction in 2013 in the east of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is situated in the IJ Lake and is being built on artificial islands which have been raised from the lake, only recently have floating homes been eligible as a significant solution to Holland’s modern housing needs.
B
Alison Killing Architects
9
Waterstudio
to rethink the way we live with water in the built environment, confronting the challenge of developing solutions to the problems posed by urbanization and climate change.
10
Academie van Bouwkunst Rotterdam
FAST
Highlights the relations between architecture, planning, politics and activism, amongst other, in Israel/Palestine, Georgia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, and the Netherlands
The Rotterdam Academy of Architecture and Urban Design offers four-year Master’s programmes in Architecture and Urban Design. The Rotterdam Academy is an internationallyoriented Dutch school.
[04]
http://www.strikingly.com/contestedperipheries
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTESTED PERIPHERIES Netherlands Field Trip
F
A
IJburg
IJburg is a residential neighbourhood under construction in 2013 in the east of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is situated in the IJ Lake and is being built on artificial islands which have been raised from the lake, only recently have floating homes been eligible as a significant solution to Holland’s modern housing needs.
floating house
[05]
mobile
water level
A
http://www.archdaily.com/120238/floating-houses-in-ijburg-architectenbureau-marlies-rohmer/ http://inhabitat.com/huge-modern-floating-dutch-pre-fab-neighborhood/ijhouses/
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION mobility concept
commodities
commodities
programs
programs
MOBILITY CONCEPT Manchester Ship Canal is looking at a freight ‘renaissance as it will go through a huge transformation to create an opportunity for a higher capacity and frequency of water transportation and logistic. This portfolio is investigating the opportunity to utilize the logistical activities in the Ship Canal. Ship container is a common form of object when it comes to the shipping industry, also known as the global icon of trading, ship container is not just a steel and metal box that contains products, but it serves as a platform or tool to mobilize programs. Many architectural projects have been done by using shipping containers and this portfolio aims to discover and explore the theme of program mobility through the process of reprogramming shipping containers.
[06]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
TRANSPORTATION present and future mobility
Present
FTA
Container Ship
Freight Transport Association
Water Transportation
Container Truck
Motorways Transportation
Future
TRANSPORTATION Logistic companies are using container truck to transport goods and products on land since it is considered as a fast and easy method for businesses. However, according to Freight Transport Association, many companies are converting to the usage of water transportation caused by a few main factors.
[07]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-22796207
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
TRANSPORTATION motorways and land transportation
Time
Road Congestion
CO
S
Pollution
Quantity and Distance
2
Fuel
Carbon Emissions
Price and usage
Cost
Green Alternatives
[08]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-22796207
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL green highway network
PEELPORTS GROUP
S
£500 M
I
L
L
I
O
N
investment to increase the capacity of the ship canal to create bigger opportunities for a better logistical flow of goods
GHN GREEN HIGHWAY NETWORK
“Peel Ports is developing series of miniports and multimodal logistic hubs at various location along Manchester Ship Canal , containerised products inland to exactly where customer wants it “ [09]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-22796207
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL shipping and investment
1
=
2’000
=
ship
trucks
2’000
containers
2’000
containers
2009 2013 2030 3’000
number of containers being shipped via Manchester Ship Canal
25’000
number of containers being shipped via Manchester Ship Canal
£140
M
I
L
L
I
100’000
number of containers being shipped via Manchester Ship Canal
O
N
investment to build warehousing hub and linked-in network development scheme
[10]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-22796207
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
PORTS United Kingdom ports connectivity
1
GLASGOW PORT
borders Scotland’s largest city and industrial centre, scotland’s freight gateway to the world. 2
BELFAST PORT
Northen Ireland’s principal container handling port, handles nearly 200’000 units of container every year 3
Ireland’s premier container terminal, producing an average throughout of 100,000 units per year and perfectly positioned for trade between Britain and Ireland.
1 4
4 5
HEYSHAM PORT
a major player in trade between Britain and Ireland and serves as a ferry terminal for sailings to Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Republic of Ireland and is a major offshore supply base for one of the largest gas fields in the UK
2
3
DUBLIN PORT
5
6
LIVERPOOL PORT
one of the busiest and most diverse ports in the UK handling over 30 million tonnes of cargo every year and serves more than 100 destinations around the world 6
MANCHESTER PORT
currently handles seven million tonnes of cargo per annum and significantly reducing congestion on major UK road and rail networks while providing a truly multimodal solution to the heart of the UK population
7 7
SHEERNESS PORT
a flagship terminal in the South East of England and its proximity to London makes it the perfect port of call for the capital and the country.
[11]
http://peelports.com/why-peel-ports http://www.peel.co.uk/activities/ports
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
COMMODITIES products and transportation
FOREST PRODUCTS
CONTAINERS multiproducts, food, fabrics, furnitures, etc.
LIQUID PRODUCTS
I
E
S
timber fencing, decking, sawn timber and planed timber, etc.
private vehicles, foreign export & import cars, cars accessories etc.
D
I
T
fuels, fats, oils, additives, acids, etc.
AUTOMOTIVE
STEEL
O
PROJECT CARGO
RORO
machineries, excavator, tracked dozers and carriers, rigid dump trucks, rollers, tunnelers, etc.
C
power station, transformers, large silos, etc.
O
M
steel construction products, sculptures, industrial steel, etc.
M
CRUISE
ENERGY PRODUCTS
DRY BULKS
wind turbine, renewable biomass, conventional coal, etc.
coal, biomass, aggregates,chemical, etc.
[12]
http://peelports.com/why-peel-ports http://www.peel.co.uk/activities/ports
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
PORTS AND CONNECTIVITY products circulation
FOREST PRODUCTS
CONTAINERS
LIQUID PRODUCTS
AUTOMOTIVE
STEEL
PROJECT CARGO
CRUISE
RORO
[13]
DRY BULKS
ENERGY PRODUCTS
http://peelports.com/why-peel-ports http://www.peel.co.uk/activities/ports
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
INFRASTRUCTURES existing infrastructures and opportunities
2
3
8
1
12
[18]
[17]
[19]
[20]
[22]
[21]
[24]
[26]
[23] [25]
[16] [15] [14]
[10] [6] [4]
[3]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[12]
[13]
[11]
[5]
[1] [2]
ship canal infrastructure (absence) ship canal infrastructure (presence)
INFRASTRUCTURES The future development along the Manchester Ship Canal involves a huge amount of investment which will cover an addition of many infratsructures along the ship canal. As a continuation of the previous portfolio in 4.1 which covers the study of water infrastructures and its network, the mapping above shows the area where the existing infrastructure are located and areas where the future infrastructure will potentially be located.
[14]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
Dock
swing bridge
Dock
Dock
Disused bridge Bridge Lock Lock Bridge swing bridge Bridge Lock
Bridge
swing bridge Bridge Lock
swing bridge
swing bridge
swing bridge Bridge swing bridge
Bridge swing bridge
Port
Lock
C
O
M
Dock
M
O
D
I
T
I
E
S
INFRASTRUCTURES conceptual diagram
INFRASTRUCTURES The conceptual diagram above shows the connectivity of the infrastructures and the ship canal. Some of the existing infrastructures are docks, locks, ports, bridges, swing bridges and railways. Docks,locks, and ports are built only on one side of the canal and on the other hand, bridges and swing bridges are connecting both sides of the canal. The size of the blue strips represents the capacity (input and output) of usage by each infrastructure and how swing bridges are described to be movable/transformable to a different angle and direction.
[15]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL railway connectivity
RAILWAY The map shows the connectivity of railways and stations along the ship Canal. In order to reduce the number of trucks and lorries clogging up the roads, the future development is planning to increase the connectivity of water transportation by using boats and vessels with the railway to further expand the mobility of the commodities from Liverpool to Manchester and the surrounding area.
[16]
Government’s outline proposals in relation to Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs), September 2010
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL future development and investment
Liverpool
St Helens
Manchester Warrington
Birkenhead Widnes
Runcorn
Ellesmere Port
Housing Site > 200 Dwellings Employment Port Investment Leisure Destination Mixed Use Development Innovation Cluster
[17]
Government’s request for outline proposals in relation to Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs), September 2010
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
SHIPPING CONTAINERS form and typologies
CONTAINERS
Dry Freight Container Payload : 17’508 kgs Capacity : 32.96 cbm
High Cube Container Payload : 20’502 kgs Capacity : 76.46 cbm
Length : 5.9 m Width : 2.3 m Height : 2.3 m
Length : 12.0 m Width : 2.3 m Height : 2.6 m
Open Top Container Payload : 17’282 kgs Capacity : 31.88 cbm
Open Top Container Payload : 20’525 kgs Capacity : 64.99 cbm
Length : 5.9 m Width : 2.3 m Height : 2.3 m
Length : 12.0 m Width : 2.3 m Height : 2.2 m
Collapsable Flat Rack Payload : 17’762 kgs Capacity : -
Collapsable Flat Rack Payload : 25’219 kgs Capacity : -
Length : 5.9 m Width : 2.2 m Height : 2.0 m
Length : 12.0 m Width : 2.4 m Height : 2.0 m
Reefer Container Payload : 17’290 kgs Capacity : 26.90 cbm
High Cube Reefer Container Payload : 25’909 kgs Capacity : -
Length : 5.4 m Width : 2.2 m Height : 2.2 m
Length : 11.5 m Width : 2.2 m Height : 2.5 m
High Cube Container
Dry Container
Payload : 21’101 kgs Capacity : 98.26 cbm
Payload : 25’865 kgs Capacity : 112.76 cbm
Length : 14.4 m Width : 2.2 m Height : 2.7 m
Length : 15.9 m Width : 2.4 m Height : 2.8 m
SHIPPING CONTAINERS Shipping containers are the most circulated commodity in United Kingdom, infact, it is also known as the symbol of International trade globally. By studying the typologies and forms of industrial containers, this material/object can be further develop to shape the theme and aim of this portfolio in mobilizing programs along the Ship Canal.
[18]
http://www.uniservegroup.co.uk/SeaFreightContainerSizes.htm
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
SHIPPING CONTAINERS transportation cycle
factory
containerized
placement
storage
de-containerized
mobilization
handling
handling
??? unclaimed/abandoned
forklifting
storage
organization
placement
30% - 50% ABANDONED CONTAINER
Unclaimed containers in Ports to reduce shipping cost Buying new containers from China will cost cheaper Opportunity for containers reutilization
http://morethanshipping.com/abandoned-cargo/
[19]
http://www.ukpandi.com/loss-prevention/article/preventing-cargo-abandonment-27/
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS programs and events
SALFORD QUAYS DOCK
British practice BDP Architects has collaborated with the Manchester International Festival to design the ‘Music Boxes’ installation for the Manchester International Festival 2011 in Salford Quays Docks in Manchester, United Kingdom. For children of all ages, the playground’s peripheral boundary is formed by 78 shipping containers. Randomly arranged and stacked to a maximum vertical extent of three containers, this configuration generates an ideal euphonic environment. Enveloping visitors in an elliptical form, sound reflects and resonates across the space creating unique musical intersections waiting to be discovered. A white canvas canopy formed from truck tarpaulins is suspended above the area providing a sheltered retreat for the event’s visitors. Graphic banners strung to the ends of the boxes differentiate the diverse interior experiences. Performance spaces, theaters, recording studios and creative or interactive rooms are dispersed throughout the various units. Child sized creative play stations are scattered throughout the exhibit with a consistent industrial character.
http://retaildesignblog.net/2013/02/08/shipping-containers-music-boxes-installation-by-bdp-architects-manchester-2/
[20]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS form, size and mobility
6m 12m 2.7m
SHIPPING CONTAINERS Shipping containers can become a tool to navigate the mobility of programs by its flexibility to house any object, product, furniture, or activity. The ability to be mobilized easily along the ship canal from one point to another creates an opportunity for a program to be mobilized.
[21]
http://www.car2ship.co.uk/index.php?dispatch=pages.view&page_id=22
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS form, size and exploded diagram
top wall
structural frame side wall upper corner casting side wall door leaf door locking bar door gasket forklift pockets floor board
bottom wall
[22]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS programs and events
PUMA CITY
Twenty-four shipping containers are retrofitted and transformed into PUMA City, a transportable retail and event building. The building was assembled and disassembled a number of times at several different international ports. PUMA City is conceived as a three level stack of containers, shifted to create internal outdoor spaces, large overhangs and terraces. The structure is comprised of two full retail spaces on the lower levels, both designed with large double height celings and 4-container-wide open spaces – as a counterpoint to the modular box-quality of the container inner space. The second level houses offices, press area and storage, while a bar, lounge and event space with a large open terrace is placed at the top. The building uses 40-foot long shipping containers as well as a number of the existing container connectors to join and secure containers both horizontally and vertically. Each module is designed to ship as conventional cargo container through a system of structural covering panels that fully seals all of its large openings to be removed on site to re-connect the large, open interior spaces. At 11,000 square feet of space, it is the first container building of its scale to be truly mobile
[23]
http://www.lot-ek.com/PUMA-CITY
CONTAIN
ER ARCH
ITECTUR
E
radio station coffee house office
classroom studio apartment
booth
commercial
library
retreat house
art installation
temporary shelter
CONTAINERS programs
M O B I L I T Y
showroom
P R O G R A M
SHIPPING CONTAINERS Container Architecture has been around with many projects have been utilizing this unique and multipurpose structure such as temporary shelter, art installation, classroom, studio apartment, commercial, offices etc. The great opportunities and advantages of container architecture such as fast installation, flexibility, lightweight, etc can still be employed with an appropriate reprogramming of container and the mobility of the program.
[24]
http://inhabitat.com/tag/shipping-container-architecture/
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL dirty canal
3 6 ’ 0 0 0 R I V E R AERATION
Y E A R
Y E A R
J U L Y
MARCH
2000 2008 2012 2013 30
FISH DIED
T U R N E D O R A NGE
STARTED
SPECIES
clean-up program
iron oxide
follows on
invertebrate & fish
o x i g e n a t i o n
less than 5 species
2 . 5
M I L E S
of the Manchester Ship Canal
2 . 5
M I L E S
from an old mine
1 0
Y E A R S
1 9 9 1
Walter Menzies
Chief Executive of Mersey Basin Campaign (MBC)
“work needed to continue to build on the success of the project”
[25]
http://www.healthywaterwaystrust.org.uk/index.php/activities/manchester-ship-canal-aeration-project http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/3230940.stm
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL oxygenation nodes
T
5 4 3
2
1
oxygen injection unit locations, pipeline, and storage tank
[26]
Manchester Ship Canal and Salford Quays : Industrial Legacy and ecological Restoration https://www.mapbox.com/editor/?id=aidiaffendi.hac78f0h#
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
gaseous oxygen injection
AERATION UNIT schematic structure
oxygenated water
raw river water
transfer pump
2 liquid oxygen storage tank
water level
discharge diffuser
U-tube well
water intake
[27]
Deep Water Ship Canal Dissolved Oxygen Demonstration Aeration Project, August 2007
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MODEL form configuration and experimentation (physical model)
[28]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
MODEL form configuration and experimentation (physical model)
[29]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS experimentation of typologies (digital model)
typical form
typology 1
typology 2
typology 3
typology 4
typology 5
typology 6
typology 7
[30]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS configuration of programs (digital model)
4 gy olo typ
3 gy olo typ
2 gy olo typ
ogy
ol typ 8
log
o typ y7
o typ
studio gallery booth observation platform mini farm
1 gy olo typ
aeration unit mini research lab temporary shelter garden water leisure facility office
y6
log
gy olo
typ 5 gy olo
typ 12
gy olo
typ 11
gy olo
typ 10
gy olo
typ 9
mini research lab observation platform aeration unit
gy olo
typ 16
gy olo typ 15
typ gy olo
gy olo
14
typ 13
gy olo
typ
typology 2
20
gy olo
typ
PROGRAMS
19
gy olo
typ
The aeration unit is taken as the core program which later on will develop and generate more programs that can be juxtapose with the aeration unit based on suitable demand and needs along the ship canal. the typologies are not fixed as it is flexible through any modification, addition and growth.
18
gy olo
typ 17 [31]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
TYPOLOGY floor and roof plans
ground floor plan
first floor plan
roof plan
* all the drawings are not to scale
[32]
P R O G R A M
TYPOLOGY elevations
M O B I L I T Y
side elevation A
front elevation
side elevation B
* all the drawings are not to scale
[33]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS experimentation of typologies (digital model)
SHIPPING CONTAINERS The form and configurartion of this model through its architectural organization of spaces and form is just a starting point for this portfolio. The idea of mobilizing programs will be developed further to widen opportunities and possibilities through different programs, form, size, scale, and construction details.
[34]
P R O G R A M
M O B I L I T Y
CONTAINERS flexibility and mobility
a) containers on site
b) dismantling additional structures
c) dismantling container structure
d) loading the containers into the ship
FLEXIBILITY AND MOBILITY The diagram above explains the process of mobilizing containers which are being reutilized for the identified programs. Taking advantage of the flexibility of the structure, programs can be mobilized along the ship canal and as one of the most important canals/ports in the world, they can also be mobilized across the globe.
e) being mobilized to a different site
[35]
P R O G R A M
PERSPECTIVE conceptual
M O B I L I T Y
[36]
P R O G R A M
PERSPECTIVE conceptual
M O B I L I T Y
[37]
P R O G R A M
PERSPECTIVE conceptual
M O B I L I T Y
[38]
P R O G R A M
REFERENCES
M O B I L I T Y
R
4.2 Program Mobility Utilizing the growth of capacity of the Manchester Ship Canal, Shipping containers are seen to serve opportunities to accomodate not just products and goods, but also potential programs. By reprogramming shipping containers, this portfolio is looking at the posibilities and experimentation of forms to deliver the theoretical idea of mobilizing programs.
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
http://www.strikingly.com/contestedperipheries http://www.archdaily.com/120238/floating-houses-in-ijburg-architectenbureau-marlies-rohmer/ http://inhabitat.com/huge-modern-floating-dutch-pre-fab-neighborhood/ijhouses/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-22796207 http://peelports.com/why-peel-ports http://www.peel.co.uk/activities/ports http://www.uniservegroup.co.uk/SeaFreightContainerSizes.htm http://morethanshipping.com/abandoned-cargo/ http://www.ukpandi.com/loss-prevention/article/preventing-cargo-abandonment-27/ http://retaildesignblog.net/2013/02/08/shipping-containers-music-boxes-installation-by-bdp-architects-manchester-2/ http://www.car2ship.co.uk/index.php?dispatch=pages.view&page_id=22 http://www.lot-ek.com/PUMA-CITY http://inhabitat.com/tag/shipping-container-architecture/ http://www.healthywaterwaystrust.org.uk/index.php/activities/manchester-ship-canal-aeration-project http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/3230940.stm https://www.mapbox.com/editor/?id=aidiaffendi.hac78f0h# Deep Water Ship Canal Dissolved Oxygen Demonstration Aeration Project, August 2007 Manchester Ship Canal and Salford Quays : Industrial Legacy and ecological Restoration Government’s request for outline proposals in relation to Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs), September 2010
[39]