ADRIANA DAVIS AARHUS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE STUDY ABROAD SPRING 2015
studio urban design + landscape “The studio is a joint studio between Urban Design and Landscape. This means the students from the beginning of the semester will choose either Urban Design or Landscape as their study direction, and the two groups will run parallel but with common workshops, lectures and pinups.” source: http://rum1.aarch.dk/index.php?id=159237
The task is to design a new airport for the city of Aarhus--Denmark’s second city. The goal is not to design a complete building, but rather, one can design a new route to the airport or decide that Aarhus needs no airport at all.
CONTENTS_
[mapping] [exhibition] [midcrit] [airport research] [site analysis] [final crit] [travel]
TASK ONE: MAPPING DENMARK
[task]
to examine Denmark at the larger scale, analyzing a particular quality of the built environment or the landscape.
[response]
by analyzing a unique feature of Denmark, namely their commitment to pure and potable drinking water sourced from groundwater, the landscape of Denmark under the terrain is revealed. The nitrate levels and valuable groundwater sources were investigated with respect to the location of Denmark’s major cities.
Skaagen
Aalborg
Nitrate Class I
Aarhus A Aa h s
Odense
Nitrate Class II Nitrate Class III
Copenhagen Randers
Esbjerg
location of cities
most valuable groundwater d supply
valuable groundwaterr supply
MAPPING
less valuable groundwater supply
pesticides in water supply
nitrate classes
exploded axonometric of groundwater elements
the groundwater protection strategy developed by the Danish government include conducting mapping based on geological surveys, assessing the contamination sources, and finally developing a plan to regulate the land use. viable groundwater sources determine planning regulations in the country, so that areas with high nitrate concentrations remain vacant.
source: http://www.slideshare.net/vnunes709/hydrogeological-mapping-in-denmark
TASK TWO: ICE AGE LANDSCAPE
[task]
to study the ice age landscape of Denmark by driving from the west coast to the east coast
[response]
a video and a cross section were created to study the landscape. Denmark is a mostly flat country, with few hills or valleys. wind energy is a large source of the country’s power, and the windmills themselves operate as a piece of the landscape itself. the work was done in a group of four.
from Ringkøbing to Aarhus
the film was taken over the course of the two and a half hour drive, with snapshots taken every five seconds. the blurry quality of the images conveys the idea that the user is left with quick impressions of the landscape as they move along.
map of driving route
RINGKØBING Ø FJORD FJO
MAPPING
181
section across ice age line
HERNING
RINGKØBING NGKØBIN
15
28
11
15
ICE AGE LINE
18
15
52
from Aarhus to Ringkøbing
AARHUS
SILKEBORG
+ 100 M 15
BICYCLE PATH
15 02
01
CAR ROUTE
0M
-1200 M
-2000 M
TASK THREE: REDRAWING MAPS EXHBITION
[task]
to revisit the maps created during the first week of the semester and redraw them
[response]
the groundwater supply maps and the nitrogen maps were redrawn in 1:500 scale, and the graphic style was changed to black and white to match the style of the exhibition
this map reprsents the level of nitrogrens in the grounwater supply. prior to the 1980’s denmark was below the EU standard for nitrogen levels in the groundwater supply. after this, the government took steps to purify the groundwater.
- 1 mg / L 1 - 25 mg / L 25 - 50 mg / L 50 + mg / L
NITROGEN IN GROUNDWATER WELLS
TASK FOUR: ARRANGING MAPS
[task]
to arrange the maps of Denmark created by the entire studio for a month long exhibtion
[response]
the idea was to create a horizion line, connecting the different stories of each map. the line was arranged around the room, so that people could easily move throughout the exhibtion in a simple way. the work was done in a group of four. responsibilites included composing the maps digitally, setting up the exhibition room, and arranging the drawings on the wall.
EXHBITION
sheet one [history of Denmark’s maps]
sheet two [locations of airports, shipping centers, windmills]
sheet three [travel networks throughout Denmark]
sheet four [a closer look at Jutland]
sheet five [the history of Aarhus]
sheet six [water and Denmark]
sheet seven [groundwater qualities and Denmark]
sheet eight [water and transportation routes]
sheet nine [geological features of Denmark]
EXHIBITION SETUP
the drawings were hung around the walls of a physical model of Siena’s Campo. the Campo was the subject of last semester’s studio project, and works from the previous semester were displayed inside the walls of the campo. the duration of the exhibition was from 9 April until 30 April
scale model of exhibition space
exhibition preparations
detail image
TASK FI FIVE: MIDCRIT PRECEDENT STUDIES
[task]
to focus on how transform your project into a creative architectural story, using maps and analyses about Denmark, but also creating a clear statement demonstrating how your concept leads to an approach about Airport Aarhus
[response]
the project began with an overall regional analysis, and an examination of how one travels from the airport to city. I chose to maintain the current location of the airport, and to instead focus on creating a new transportation link to the old Airport Aarhus.
THE AIRPORT CITY “Airports like cities are never static. They are constantly evolving in form and function.� - The Evolution of Airport Cities John D. Kasarda The traditional airport model, with the airport existing as stagnant element that has little economic outreach is unfit for the modern environment. The future, the airport city, combines airport planning with urban and business site planning to create a new sustainable urban form. Now, the impact of the airport reaches far beyond its physical boundaries.
HIA AIRPORT CITY // OMA
case study
Here, the airport city is a development where 200,000 people will work and live, creating a link between the new Hamad International Airport and the city of Doha. The masterplan includes a series of four distinct circular districts along a spine parallel to he runways, each with unique identities. The airport becomes the generator of activity and life for the area.
HIA AIRPORT CITY OMA DOHA, QATAR 2013
CHINA SOUTHERN AIRPORT CITY // WOODS BAGOT
case study
The airport is part of a larger mixed-use development, integrating business, manufacturing, residental and cultural amenities withing a network that encourages ecological vitality. The landscape celebrates China’s rich indigenous gardens, while cleansing the site ecology. The airport and its neighborhoods are cognizant of the landscape, enhancing its qualities for the human scale.
CHINA SOUTHERN AIRPORT CITY WOODS BAGOT GUANGZHOU, CHINA
AIRPORT EDGE REGION
AIRPORT OUTLYING REGION
Randers
Viborg
“airport edge city”
“airport edge city”
Holstebro
current airport
Herning
Silkeborg
“airport edge city”
Aarhus
“the central city”
Skanderborg
REGIONAL ANALYSIS
“airport edge city”
POINTS OF INTEREST THE CENTRAL CITY AIRPORT EDGE CITY AIRPORT CONNECTED CITY SITE BOUNDARY REGION DIVISION SMALLER CITIES
AIRPORT OUTLYING CITY Located farther away from the airport and connected instead to the airport edge cities, which allow access to the airport.
THE CENTRAL CITY Larger in size and population than the other city typologies, the central city is the most visited and easily accessible from the airport.
AIRPORT EDGE CITY Located closer to the airport and directly connected to the airport via public transportation. Urban elements and conditions from the city are incorporated into the site planning of the airport.
biking / 52.6 km
dersy” n a R dge cit ort e
“airp
dr
ivi
ng
/4
6.
6
km
te
ou sr
bu
current airport rou
km km 545
driv
ing
/4
5k
m
driving
2 km te / 41.
/ /4 #21 e# utet orou ussr bbu
ute
s ro
bu
g/
.8
26
#1
m
5k
/4
km
ivin
dr
hus
Aar bus
route
“the
nde
rg rbo
Ska “air
ity”
ge c
t ed por
cen
tra
y” l cit
POINTS OF INTEREST SITE BOUNDARY SMALLER CITIES ROUTES FROM SKANDERBORG TO AIRPORT ROUTES FROM RANDERS TO AIRPORT ROUTES FROM AARHUS TO AIRPORT PROPOSED ROUTES
three routes have been proposed to change the way we travel from the airport to the city. currently it takes an hour and fifteen minutes to get to the city via public transportation.
TIME TRAVELED IN MINUTES original
proposed
ROUTE THREE: high speed rail / 250 kmh 18
132
51 ROUTE TWO: driving route / 150 kmh
15
ROUTE ONE: high speed rail / 250 kmh + ferry / 111 kmh
23
19
route one: scenic route
mols bjerge national park
to airport
ROUTE ANALYSIS
16 km
to further examine the human experience of traveling from the airport to the city, I made partial route sections along each path. this route, the scenic route through mols bjerge nationalpark, would take approximately eighteen minutes. this route is intended for those who want to experience the greatest diversity of landscape as they travel to the city.
ocean
to Aarhus harbor
11 km
route two: driving route
to airport
highway
the driving route from Aarhus to the airport is intended for those who commute to the airport daily. many people fly from Aarhus to Copenhagen each day for work. this route travels at maximum speed and takes the least amount of time.
route three: commuter route
to airport
the third route travels throghout the other cities in eastern Jutland, strengthening the impact of the airport.
Rander
to Aarhus city center
rs
Viborg
to Silkeborg
the weeklong workshop with guest critic Anne Mette Boyd including two pin ups aimed at projecting our designs into the future
[response]
the first drawing examines the future development of the cities impacted by the three transportation routes. Could the urban sprawl of these cities expand as Jutland gains faster, more convenient public transportation?
TASKSIX: WORKSHOP
[task]
gallery
ders Ranrt edge city”
park
Grenaa
o “airp
Langaa
shopping center
library
Hadsten Hornslet gallery
driving
park hotel
route /
41. 2 km
airport
Rønde
national park
church Hammel
marina
hotel
university
school
musem
golf course
hotel
music hall
theater
shopping center
g/
.8
26
km
ivin
dr
hus
Aar
MAPPING
museum
Malling
org
erb
nd Ska
ge rt ed
”
city
“t
”
city
CURRENT POINTS OF INTEREST
park
PROJECTED/NEW POINTS OF INTEREST
po
“air
tral
en he c
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT SITE BOUNDARY Odder
SMALLER CITIES
the second drawing was edited to emphasize the rural qualities of the surrounding area. icons were also added to increase graphic clarity.
Spentrup
time (in minutes)
To Viborg T
population growth city expansion easily accessible from airport
Glesborg
ROUTE THREE: high speed rail / 250 kmh
Ørsted Allingabro
gallery
ers and y”
Auning
R
park
cit dge ort e “airp . 93,644 pop
Langaa
18
Grenaa
green space to buffer noise blocking view to coastline
shopping center
ROUTE TWO: driving route / 150 kmh
library
Hadsten Hornslet gallery
route driving
park hotel
/ 41. 2 km
current airport Rønde
15
national park
church Hammel
marina
hotel
ROUTE ONE: high speed rail / 250 kmh + ferry / 115 kmh
university
school
musem
golf course
hotel
Ebeltoft
more visitors to park route cutting through natural landscape music hall
population growth city expansion easily accessible from airport fast highway going through city theater
shopping center
g/
.8
26
km
ivin
dr
hus
Aar
museum
population growth connected to other cities in Jutland
S To
ilke
g bor
rg rbo nde e city” a k S dg
Malling
y” l cit ntra 1 e c 0 “the 310,8 . pop CURRENT POINTS OF INTEREST
park
CURRET CONDITIONS
t e 06 por “air p. 18,5 po
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT SITE BOUNDARY Odder
SMALLER CITIES
23
TASK SEVEN: RESEARCH
[task]
to research an existing airport and apply the knowledge to our project
[response] the structure of the aiport building itself was analyzed, as well as the area surrounding the airport. the task was completed in one day in a group of four.
STANSTED AIRPORT THE TERMINAL
Terminal and Satellite Buildings 1 : 10 000
STANSTED AIRPORT PLAN
KEY FACTS • •
19.9 million passengers per year ( 2014 ) Third busiest airport in London, fourth busiest in the UK
•
Over 150 destinations, in 50 countries
• •
One runway, 3048m long and 46m wide 10.608m2 retail space
• • •
125 check-in desks Up to 110 aircraft parking stands 2 An expansion of nearly 5900m completed in 2009, adding space for baggage
•
carousels, immigration and passport control and arrivals hall. No gates in the main terminal building - but three separate oblong satellite
•
buildings. Terminal and satellites buildings cover roughly 280 (?)000m
STANSTED AIRPORT THE TERMINAL
GATES
GATES ab. 30 x 235m
GATES ab. 30 x 235m
ab. 30 x 275m
PASSPORT CONTROL DEPARTURE HALL
INTERNATIONAL DEPARTURE LOUNGE
INTERNATIONAL ARRIVALS ab. 195m
SECURITY
DOMESTIC ARRIVALS
CHECK-IN AND DOMESTIC ARRIVALS
INTERNATIONAL ARRIVALS
CUSTOMS
INTERNATIONAL CONCOURSE
CHECK-IN
ab. 300m
ENTRANCES
EXIT
Fuel farms / oil depots Where aviation fuel is stored prior to being discharged into aircraft fuel tanks. Fuel is transported from the depot to the aircraft either by road tanker or via a hydrant system. Fuel farm Fuel farm
Runway Length : Width :
3048 m 46 m
Fire station Forward Fuel Farm Maintenance Area
Fedex cargo center
Cargo center Control Tower
Police station
Other functions Cargo centers World Cargo Centre offers 55,000 sqm of Hangars
Stansted Airport Apron Apron
Taxiway
Number of aircraft parking stands : up to 110 Area where aircrafts are parked, loaded/unloaded, refueled or boarded Not open to general public
Fuel farm Fuel farm
Fire station Forward Fuel Farm Maintenance Area
Fedex cargo center
Cargo center Control Tower
Police station
Stansted Airport Terminal
village, pop. 5,533 7.5 km 10 min
small village
town, pop. 38,202 8.85 km 11 min
ssmall m mal ma lla lla lag age alll village a vviillag
village 2.08 km 3 min
National Reserve 5.47 km 9 min
small village
this map details the surroundng area near stanstead airport, which is a mixture of small villages and midsized towns.
Parking Area 25.726 car parking space 8,53 km 2
Long stay - Bus 15 mins to terminal - 5 km to terminal - Arial 3910m 2 + 1120
Mid Stay - Bus 5 mins to terminal - 1,5 km to terminal -Arial 2379 m 2
Airport workers parking - Walk 3 mins to terminal - 100 m to terminal - Arial 741,5 m 2
Short Stay + Meet & Greet - Walk 2 mins to terminal - 100 m to terminal - Arial 382,5 m 2
MOLS BJERGE ANALYSIS
TASK EIGHT: FINAL CRIT
[task]
[response]
to submit four to six boards outlining the following: intro: demonstrate the overview of your reflections on airport Aarhus analysis: demonstrate how you have worked analytically with a concept through mapping location: demonstrate considerations in the choice of location design realization: demonstrate how the project goes from overview to detail for the detailed aspect of the project, I chose to focus on the scenic route through the nationalpark Mols Bjerge. a route connecting the airport to the national park allows for more tourists to experience the area but also creates faster transportation links between the park and the airport. thus, the detail of this project was focused on the landscape rather than urban design.
MOLS BJERGE - SITE ANALYSIS
bu 19 s ro mi ute n
1
bu s hr rou 18 te m in
current airport
Agri Bavnehøj
te
n
m
inu
te
s
Trehøje Trehøje
Begtrup
s
te
y
t en
inu
m
tw
Hjelm
in
ut
es
LEGEND
th
irt
y
m
national park border site boundary Routes/Trails nordsøstien molsruten hiking tours es
rty
fo
m
t inu
Points of Interest camp site / camp ground restaurant parking lot
cliff edge
the landscape of Mols Bjerge nationalpark is extremely diverse, with wetlands, grasslands and both deciduous and coniferous forests. this varied landscape increases the park’s attraction as a tourist location.
LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS
grasslands
coastline
forest
bogs
Ebeltoft (built up area)
pathways
the route through the nationalpark could be completed in two legs: one with high speed rail, taking approximately fifteen minutes. the other leg by ferry, taking roughly eighteen minutes. this allows for the route from airport to city to be both scenic and efficent.
Ba sb alle
gård æk gsb Lyn tage n Pla
ri Ag
Femmøller
AGRI BAVNEHØJ
BESØGSCENTER
Låddenbjerg
ØVRE STRANDKÆR
Bisgyde Høj
Provstgård
Tre m
Eb elto ft V ig
To gg er br ov ej
os ev ej
Skovbjerg
TOGGERBRO
RAILWAY DESIGN
TREHØJE
Fulgsø
Bo ge ns St ran d
BOGENS
Bo ge ns Sø
KNEBEL PLANTAGE
ground level condition
elevated condition
semi-elevated condition
these d these diagrams iag grams rams exa ex examine amine ne the the h human uman experi exper experience ience as we journ jou journey ney from the airport to the city. no longer does travel from the airport to the city nee ed tto ob ec onsidere ed a ttedious edious o ccasion. rrather, athe er, n ow one can experience another element of the country as they need be considered occasion. now ttravel rave el tto oD enma ark’s seco ond city, Aarh hus. Denmark’s second Aarhus.
NARRATIVE NARRATIVE
tthe he a airport, irport, iinstead nstead o off b being eing a sstatic tatic e element, lementt, iiss tthe he catalyst c atalyst o off a activity ctivity ffor or tthe he area a re ea
ass p a people eople ttravel ravel ffrom rom tthe he a airport irport tto o tthe he c city, ity, tthey hey e experience xperience tthe he llandscape andscape
certain c ertain p parts arts o off tthe he rrailway ailway a are re e elevated, levated, other o ther a are re a att tthe he g ground round llevel, evel, d designed esigned iin n aw way ay tthat hat d does oes n not ot d disrupt isrupt tthe he tterrain errain
people people walk walk alongside alongside tthe he ttrain, rain, getting getting on on and and o off ff a att p points oints o off interest interest
once they reach the coast,, tthey hey d epart o n tthe he fferry erry ttowards owards depart on aarhus a arhus
bringing life a ass tthey hey m move ove a along long
at the end of this journery we ask: what are the visceral memories that we carry with us as we travel from the airport to the city?
LANDSCAPE L ANDSCAPE
LANDSCAPE L ANDSCAPE
COASTAL C OASTAL T TOWN OWN
LANDSCAPE L ANDSCAPE
LANDSCAPE L ANDSCAPE
CITY C ITY
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
LANDSCAPE
TRAIN STATON
DECIDUOUS FOREST
railway begins
longitudinal section
SECTION - LEG ONE
AIRPORT
MOLS BJERGE
this section was created using images from the nationalpark, designed to showchase the personal experience as one travels from the airport to the city. the first leg of the trip is traveled by high speed rail, and has the most scenic views of the landscape. the polaroids reprsents snapshots of significant moments along the route.
TREHØJE ICE AGE LANDSCAPE
NATIONALPARK
COASTAL TOWN BEGTRUP VIG
railway ends
SECTION - LEG TWO
BEGTRUP the second leg of the trip is traveled by ferry, and one can see Aarhus in the distance as they approach the city by boat.
CITY AARHUS
OCEAN
AARHUS
TRAVEL OSLO, NORWAY
an integral part of being an architect is experiencing buildings in person. I traveled throughout Scandinavia to see the modern and vernacular architecture of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.
Oslo Opera House / Snohetta
OSLO, NORWAY
Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art / Renzo Piano
MALMO, SWEDEN
The Turning Torso / Santiago Calatrava
MALMO, SWEDEN
Triangeln Station
AARHUS, DENMARK
Moesgaard Museum / Henning Larsen Architects
AARHUS, DENMARK
Vernacular Danish architecture
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
Gamla Stan [ the Old City ]