Flexible Space - Booklet

WS 2016/17

Flexible space Booklet Module Name: Entwerfen Hochbau Module Number: 49200 Term/Year: Winter Term 2016/17

Examiner: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Jan Knippers

Tutors: -Dipl. -Ing. Gundula

Schieber, -M.Sc. Valentin Koslowski Andrzej Foltman Adrianna Kamińska Anna Żuchowska

ADD A FULL SCALE IMAGE OF YOUR PROJECT AS COVER

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Flexible Space Booklet

Module Name: Entwerfen Hochbau Module Number: 49200 Term/Year: Winter Term 2016/17 Examiner: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Jan Knippers Tutors: -Dipl. -Ing. Gundula Schieber, -M.Sc. Valentin Koslowski Institute: Instituts für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen Andrzej Foltman Adrianna Kamińska Anna Żuchowska

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Contents Chapter 01: Introduction_____Page 5 Chapter 02: State of research_____Page 9 Chapter 03: Idea_____Page 15 Chapter 05: Design proposal_____Page 23

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Introduction Chapter XX

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CHAPTER 1

FIGURE 1: http://inspirowaninatura.pl/wroclaw-chce-zieleni/; Access: 04.11.2016 XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Introduction In many modern cities designed public spaces impress with their appearance but not their functionality. The project Nowy Targ Square in Wroclaw is an example of architecture that certainly delights with its modern appearance, winning many awards. However, residents do not share in the admiration of this place. The emptiness of this sea of concrete makes Nowy Targ Square unfriendly for social interactions. The main problem is the lack of shade during

summer heat. Our idea as architects was to design an interesting space in the urban fabric, that encourages human interactions in public spaces, by providing better infrastructure, shading and an improved microclimate.

CHAPTER XX

To resolve problems in empty concrete squares such as no shading, summer heat, unfriendly space for social interactions, we would like to design adaptative architecture. Wrocław is located in south-western part of Polnad. It’s the hottest city in country, with the longest growing season. Temperatures in the summer reaches over 30 degrees, which makes being on the square unpleasant.

FIGURE 2: Location

FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

FIGURE 3: Weather scheme

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XX State ofChapter research

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CHAPTER 1

FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Shape Memory Alloys Shape Memory Alloys is an alloy that “remembers” its original shape and that when deformed returns to its pre-deformed shape when heated. SMAs have found applications in many areas due to their high power density, solid state actuation, high damping capacity, durability and fatigue resistance. When integrated with civil structures, SMAs can be passive, semi-active, or active components of constructions. Though most of the research activities of SMAs’ applications

in civil structures are still in laboratory stage, a few have been implemented for field applications and found effective. Most obvious application of the material is a sun-shading system, that controlls the ammount of sun passing through depending on temperature. By heating the metal during the assembly, it’s possible to pre-tension it, resulting in extremely strong

CHAPTER XX

Fig 5: Commercialy avaliable dimensions

Fig 6: Different alloys of thermobimetal allow the wide range of temperature

Source: Materials Forming and Machining Research and Development, Edition: 1st, Chapter: Manu facturing processes of shape memory alloys, Publisher: Woodhead Publishing, Editors: J. Paulo Davim, pp.164 dependency.

Fig 7,8: Ability to tense membrane. As thermobimetal is heated, it straightens, resulting in tensed membrane.

FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Fig 9,10: Existing aplications- as concrete beam reinforced with SMA bars is subjectes to forces - it cracks. Due to shape memory effect of reinforcment, the restoriation of original shape of the block is possible.

Source: G. Song, N. Ma, H.-N. Li, Applications of shape memory alloys in civil structures, Engineering Structures 28 (2006) 1266–1274

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FIGURE 11: http://dosu-arch.com/main.html; Access: 04.11.2016

FIGURE 12: http://dosu-arch.com/main.html; Access: 04.11.2016

FIGURE 2: http://dosu-arch.com/main.html; Access: 04.11.2016

Doris Sung’s projects became inspirations for the pavilion. Currently, she is working on developing smart thermobimetals and other shape-memory alloys, unfamiliar materials to architecture, as new materials for the “third” skin (the first is human flesh, the second clothing and the third architecture). Its ability to curl when heated allows the building skin to respond for purposes of sun-shading,self-ventilating, shape-changing and structure-prestressing.

FIGURE 14: URBAN URCHIN, http://dosu-arch.com/main.html; Access: 04.11.2016

FIGURE13: http://dosu-arch.com/main.html;

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Cooling sequence

Chapter XX FIGURE 14: URBAN URCHIN’s schemes, http://dosu-arch.com/main.html; Access: 04.11.2016

Urban Urchin Urban Urchin is a project that proposes a new outdoor culture for Holon and for Holon residents. The geometry is determined by the performance of the thermobimetal attached to its underbelly, relative to the moving sun over the course of a summer day. Curling when heated, the thermobimetal canopy is designed to perform differently depending on its location on the surface. Near outer edges, the thermobimetal tiles filters the sun to filter the amount of light that reaches the areas below; In the middle area, the tiles perform as solar reflectors to aim the sun towards the center of the structure; And, in the central area underneath the structure, the bimetal, sandwiched with an insulating material, acts as a valve to allow hot air to escape. Upon entering the cavity below, the visitor can enjoy the spectacle of being inside a shiny, tessellated cave away from the sun while sitting on concrete pool benches. Added evaporative cooling (light breeze) is provided by the three fans located at the edge of the three pools of water. These fans are operated by the large turbine above, which spins as the hot air escapes through the solar chimney. No electricity is needed in this system.

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Chapter XX Idea

Initial ideas 1 16

CHAPTER 1

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High humidity

High humidity

Low humidity

Low humidity

High temperature

Comfortable temperature

High temperature

Comfortable temperature

High humidity High temperature

FIGURE 15:

High humidity comfortable temperature

Low humidity High temperature

Low humidity Comfortable temperature

Sections of form 1

Adrianna Kamińska, Andrzej Foltman, Anna Żuchowska

Fig 15: Sections of form 1

Hydroadaptive wooden cladding system

Aluminium gridshell construction reinforced with pre-tensioned termobimetal stripes

Termoadaptive metal cladding system

FIGURE 16:

Scheme of form 1(a)

Fig 16: Scheme of form Andrzej 1(a) Foltman, Anna Żuchowska Adrianna Kamińska,

Rain protection Hydroadaptive wooden panelling

Fig 11, 12, 13: structure component with thermobimetal joints FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Termoadaptive metal panelling Hydroadaptive wooden panelling

Sun protection

Rain protection

Hydroadaptive wooden panelling Rain protection Termoadaptive metal panelling Fan cooling water system

Sun protection

Temperature control FIGURE 17:

Scheme of form 1 (b)

Adrianna Kamińska, Andrzej Foltman, Anna Żuchowska

Fig 17: Scheme of form 1(b)

CHAPTER 1

FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

FIGURE 18: Idea model

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Initial ideas 2

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Second idea was a shell, whose construction of is made of aluminium strips ‘reinforced’ by thermobimetal bows, the suares would create a shell.

Empty inner part is filled by moveable pieces of thermobimetal.

FIGURE 18 : Detail of of form 2tensionning force FIGURE 18: Detail form FIGURE 21: Scheme of

Adrianna Kamińska, Andrzej Foltman, Anna Żuchowska

FIGURE 19.20: Sngle unit, scheme of form 2 FIGURE 19 : Scheme of form 2 Adrianna Kamińska, Andrzej Foltman, Anna Żuchowska

Initial ideas 3

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FIGURE 20 : Scheme of acting of form 3 Adrianna Kamińska, Andrzej Foltman, Anna Żuchowska

FIGURE 21: 19: Scheme of tensioning tensionningforce force

When researched that heated thermobimetal stripes when putted on fabric and cooled down they cause tensed fabric, it designed the third initial idea.

Pavilion consists of modules, where each module is one aluminium arch with connected thermobimetal stripes. Then the stripes are heated and a membrane is putted on a construction.

Chapter XX

FIGURE 21:

Scheme of form 3

Adrianna Kamińska, Andrzej Foltman, Anna Żuchowska FIGURE 22: Scheme of form 3

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CHAPTER 1

Thermobimetal joints

FIGURE 21,22,23: Strucutre component with thermobimetaljoints joints Fig : Structure component with thermobimetal Fig 21,22,23 11, 12, 13: structure component with thermobimetal joints FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Idea - Deployable structure The system consist of thermobimetal stipes that are heated. Under influence of high temperature change shape, material held into position until it cools. As the piece cools and returns to its flattened state. it is prematurely locked into place, forming a pre-tensioned bowbeam. The result is an extremely strong and lightweight shell. The inspiration of this mechanism was the project Doris Sung Exo Structural Tower

FIGURE 24: Scheme of form Fig 24 : Scheme of form

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CHAPTER 1

FIGURE 25,26,27: Moveable component Fig 25,26,27: Moveable roof roof components FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Idea - Adaptive roof The idea was to create moveable roof component. Throught connection construction elements bimetal strips, which under influence of temperature change shape, was possible to design moveable roof system. The result is simple passive system depends on the temperature. Different part of the roof opend and close during the whole day. The mainor benefit of the system is that no compicated mechanical system is required.

FIGURE 28: Scheme of form Fig 28 : Scheme of form

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Chapter XX Concept

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CHAPTER 1

Movement acutators Direct sunlight Ambient temperature Manual heating through electricity

PASSIVE

ACTIVE

Fig 29: Initial concept diagram FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Initial concept

The system depends on the range of temperature. When heated it straighten and gives a shaded space. By managing the alloys of metals, colour of the membrane and thermobimetal stripes and world orientation we make the system suitable for definied place and its conditions. The intention is to design system that will be simultaneously passive and active.

It will react with temperature – when it is hot outside the pavilion closes and gives a shading and when it is cold thermobimetal stripes go back to initial shape. To improve the principles of mechanism by means of electricity – for instance when it is raining and cold outside the pavilion will close and give people a shelter, which might be very useful during some events.

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CHAPTER 1

Movement controls posibilities Alloy differentiation

Colour of thermobimetal stripes

Colour of membrane

FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

Electricity current heating

World orientation

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE 30.31.32.33: Diagrams of weather behaviour

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FIGURE 34,35: Scripts of concept

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CHAPTER XX

Fig 36: Form possibilities - internal angle

Fig 37,38,39,40: Form possibilities - arch shape

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Fig 41: Form possibilities - arch scale

Fig 42,43,44,45: Form possibilities - arch shape

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE XX: Description of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName)

FIGURE 46: Concept model

CHAPTER XX

FIGURE 47: Concept model

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XX DesignChapter proposal

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE 48: Building concpet

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE 49: Building concept

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE 50: Southern elevation

FIGURE 51: Northern elevation

FIGURE 52: East elevation

FIGURE 53: Western elevation

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FIGURE 54: Site plan

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE plan of Figure. (Source: FirstName LastName) FIGURE 55: XX: Floor Description

FIGURE 56: Functional scheme

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE 57: Section A-A steel plate

pipe

pipe

steel plate steel plate steel plate steel plate joint thermobimetal strip

FIGURE 58: Thermobimetal joint details; Footpoint detail

FIGURE 59: Membrane details

FIGURE 60: B-B Section

concrete slab

pivot

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CHAPTER XX

FIGURE 61: Building concept models

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FIGURE 62: Building concept model

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WS 2016/17

Flexible space Booklet Module Name: Entwerfen Hochbau Module Number: 49200 Term/Year: Winter Term 2016/17

Examiner: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Jan Knippers

Tutors: -Dipl. -Ing. Gundula

Schieber, -M.Sc. Valentin Koslowski Andrzej Foltman Adrianna Kamińska Anna Żuchowska

ADD A FULL SCALE IMAGE OF YOUR PROJECT AS COVER