Oil & Food Journal September 2016

Food Agrprocessing 1

Indian’s 1st News Portal for Agro, Food Processing & Allied Segments

www.agronfoodprocessing.com 11th

Volume Vol 11 Issue 11 September 2016

100/-

FOOD LOSS !

promises A Mere BIG CHALLENGE

alone won't work FOR MODI GOVERNMENT wonders GST:

How Does It Affect

the Food Industry?

CELEBRATE THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF PULSES 2016 New FDI

reforms to improve

the Indian food processing industry

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Get a perspective of best in the Food Processing Technology the world has to offer from mtsfoods.

mtsfoods.

Visit us at International Foodtec @Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai 22-24 Sep 2016. Stall D-09 .00606201220122012.Booth C-06.

TOMRA-BEST ….Get everything sorted TOMRA Sorting unites four strong brands: TITECH for recycling, Commodas, Ultrasort for mining, ODENBERG and BEST for food and BEST for specialty products- tobacco and raw materials. This powerful alliance makes TOMRA Sorting a leading provider of sensor-based sorting solutions worldwide. There are many benefits and synergies provided by this alliance, including 15 test centers across the world, access to a vast array of technologies along with a large R&D department and an enhanced service offering with a shared service network ensuring that we are close to you, our customer. W: www.tomra.com . w: www.bestsorting.com

DORPHY

FAM…forerunner in - new cutting technologies……

Innovation and advanced machine design are two words normally associated with FAM.FAM has many “Firsts” to its credit…unique machinery designs that have helped processors Increase production and efficiency as well as improve cut quality and cut operation costs.FAM is known for its simplified & rugged construction and all machines are designed to fast thorough cleaning.

w: www.fam.be

VANMARK …. A business of GROTE Company Vanmark, the company that developed the first commercial potato peeler, is a recognized leader in the manufacture of industrial food processing equipment throughout the world. Since 1954, Vanmark Corporation has been designing and manufacturing food processing equipment to peel, scrub, wash, inspect, fry, store and handle many types of products in the food industry.

W: www.vanmarkcorp.com

2420

MEYER Machine Company Bucket Elevator

Meyer Industries offers a family of integrated companies that provide a single source for bulk material handling and food processing equipment. The combined knowledge and experience of Meyer Machine Company and Garroutte, Inc. offers a full resource for virtually all your handling and processing needs. Garroutte, Inc. provides top-of-the-line food processing equipment including mix-blend systems, blanchers, hydrochillers, washers, dryers, trim and inspection equipment, and more.. w: www.meyer-industries.com

TEMKE Raisin Processing Line TEMKE is operating as a raisin processing and packing machine manufacturer for raisins with high Standards of quality and safety. Its machines are designed according to European Union rules and restrictions for the food industries. They are completely automatic, starting from the very first step of bringing the raisins into the factory by the farmers, until final stage of automatic weighing, packing and sticking.

w: www.temke.gr

Menon Technical Services Private limited. Web: www.mtsfoods.com. Email: mtsinfo@vsnl.net Phone: 080 22224222/23 Blore.

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4 www.agronfoodprocessing.com KANCHAN METALS PVT. LTD.

PROCESSING AND PACKAGING EQUIPMENT FOR CORN BASED SNACKS TORTILLA CHIPS

POPCORN

RANDOM COLLETS

EXTRUDED SHAPED LIKE PUFFS AND RINGS

KANCHAN METALS PVT. LTD. www.snackfoodmachines.com

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KANCHAN METALS (P) LTD. EMAIL : raghav@snackfoodmachines.com MOBILE : +91 9831744709

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Food Processing Machinery Present status & way ahead

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Food Safety Act – Changes, Challenges and Way Ahead

FPI Make in India, FDI, GST & National Capital Goods Policy Mere promises alone won’t work wonders’

Global population growth to create food crisis 48

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Effect of food processing methods on

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Food Ministry to increase tax on refined edible oil

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Drive against sale of loose edible oil in Jaipur

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GM mustard clears hurdle in India with few concerns

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North Eastern India Having Great Potential for FPI growth

AAKKAMANI to launch an Academy

The GM crops, the Government and the Population

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packaging options 52

Indian Food Processing Industry An Opportunities for Professional in a big way

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EDTIORIAL

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EDITOR Manzar Aftab Naqvi CONSULTING EDITOR Basma Hussain GROUP EDITOR Firoz H. Naqvi firoz@advanceinfomedia.com Graphic Designer Naved H. Kazmi naved@advanceinfomedia.com Circulation Seema Hayat Shaikh Seema@advenceiifomedia.com Delhi Sayyed Shahnawaz +91-8375034558 Gujarat Brijesh Mathuria +91-9924546999 Genreal Manager Gyanendra Trivedi Marketing & Circulation Office 121,1st floor, Rassaz Multiplex, Station Road, Mira Road (E), Dist. Thane- 401107 Telefax : +91-22-28555069, Tell.: +91-22-28115068 Mob.: +91-9867992299 E-mail: info@agronfoodprocessing.com sub@advanceinfomedia.com Vol 11 Issue 11 September 2016 Annual Subcription Rs.950/By Normal Post Add Rs. 400/-For Courier Charges Add Rs. 50/- For Outstantion Charge Overseas $80 By Air Mail Email:sub@advanveinfomedia.com Single Copy Cost Rs. 100/Printed, Published & Owned By Manzar Aftab Naqvi RNI No. MAHENG /2005/15987 Postal Regd. No. THW /50/2014-2016 WPP License No. MR /TECH /WPP-308/TW /2016 Regd. Office Advance Info Media & Event 103,AmarJyot Apartments, Pooja Nagar, Mira Road (E) Dist Thane-401107(Mumbai) Printed At Rolleract Press Services A-83,Ground Floor, Naraina Industrial Area Phase-1, New Delhi -110028 The views expressed in this issue are those of the contibutors are not necessarilly those of the magzine. though every care has been taken to ensure the accuaracy and authenticty in infomation, "Oil & Food Journal" is however not responsible fordamages caused by ministerpretation of infomation expressed and implied with in the pages of this issue.

All disputes are not to be referred to Mumbai Jurisdiction

here were some problems only ice cream could fix and mine was the fixation with it. My three lovely daughters love ice cream and I relish ice cream with them. But of course it doesn’t stop there I am actually totally involved in promoting and enhancing the ice cream industry in India and globally. So being a member of Indian Ice Cream Congress (IICE) as well an integral part of food processing industry; ice cream has become quite synonymous to me.

This September we are bringing, one of the most significant events in the global icecream industry- Indian Ice-cream Congress (IICE). This is the 6th edition of IICE, which is a 2 day event being held from 28th September to the 29th September 2016 at the Expo Centre Noida in Noida, India.

IICE is one of the most important events that epitomize the wholesomeness of the ice cream industry both in India and internationally. This event highlights the accomplishments of the industry, the challenges it faces, the effort taken by ice cream industry and related industries people to develop and nurture it.

Companies providing freezing and handling machines, packaging machines and materials, equipment and component suppliers, cone manufacturers, food ingredients companies, cold chain companies especially cold rooms and deep freezers, consultancy services, traders and stockists, raw material suppliers, milk powder and chocolate suppliers, ice cream bands looking for expansions will participate as exhibitors in the show.

The ice cream industry is a highly seasonal industry and bulk of the retail sales take place in the summer period. In this fragmented industry, there are over 10,000 players.

In the organised segment, Amul is the leading ice cream player and holds close to 32% of the market share followed by Vadilal Industries. Other large players in the sector include Hindustan Unilever, Mother Dairy, Havmor and Nestle. The ice cream market in India is estimated to be over INR 10,000 crores, and is growing at a rate of 15-20% year-on-year. It is projected that by 2019, the market will reach around INR 6,198 crores.

Demand for ice cream across India is growing at 15% to 20% per year however, costs remain a problem because of weak logistics and cool chain facilities within the country Amul is planning to set up an ice cream plant within 18 months in the western city of Pune. The planned facility, which will be Amul's third ice cream plant, will be well located to service southern Indian markets.

GM crops are one of the options available to deal with climate change and population.

They aren't 'the' answer to climate change but they are one of the answers... one of the armaments that we can use ... facing the issues of climate change, population growth, to deal with food security and hunger... we need a worldwide collaboration. It is also important to make sure that food from genetically engineered plants must be as safe as food from conventional plant sources. We have to ensure nutrients are the same. Food crisis is looming over the globe, I believe that for once science should be given the trust to tackle some of the atrocities that the farmers are facing, to tackle malnutrition that the underdeveloped world is facing, to make developing countries free of food timidities, to make certain our future is secure with sufficient food in our platter.

Century-old RoohAfza brand is entering the ready-to-serve beverages segment under the RoohAfza Fusion, which pits it directly against juice drinks such as Dabur's Real and PepsiCo's Tropicana.

Nissin has overtaken Yippee, Patanjali and other noodles and made up to the second slot in the noodle market after Maggi, health foods market crosses Rs10,000 crore in revenue,7Up becomes first fizzy drink in India to use the stevia sweetener, and Nestle is going to accelerate its game in the country as the food company considers doubledigit volume growth "a must win battle.

Well my written communication with my readers ends here but I look forward to meet many of you as delegates and visitors at the IICE‌.Till we meet bye!

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TECHNOLOGIES IN FPI

Food Processing Machinery Present status & way ahead

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he food processing industry is dynamic and fast-paced and holds a unique position in the Indian economy. The changing food habits, ready-to-eat and so lifestyle have given new opportunities to food producers, machinery makers, technology and service providers.

The food processing industry has taken a new direction and is growing steadily.

Infrastructure development will take this industry to new heights in the near future with the help of adequate investments and exports.

With the food processing sector being

identified as a high priority industry in India, the equipment sector is also gaining importance.

The Government of India has introduced a scheme for Technology Upgradation and Modernisation of Food Processing Industries during the 12th Plan (201317) under National Mission on Food Processing (NMFP).

The main objective of the scheme is to increase the level of processing, reduce wastage, ensure value addition, and enhance the income of farmers as well as increase exports, thereby resulting in

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overall development of food processing sector. The scheme envisages extending financial assistance for establishment of new food processing unit as well as technology upgradation and expansion of existing units in the country.

However, processing equipment manufacturing technology is not developed in India in accordance with the food processing retailing opportunities.

Still a large number of specialised equipment such as those used in bakery, meat processing and packaging are imported.

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TECHNOLOGIES IN FPI Briggs of Burton plc, Bucher Industries AG, GEA Group AG, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, JBT FoodTech, Marel hf, Mecatherm SA, Meyer Industries Incorporated, Nichimo Company Limited, Nordischer Maschinenbau Rud Baader, Odenberg Engineering, Satake Corporation, Sinmag Bakery Machine Corporation, Wenger Manufacturing Incorporated and Ziemann International GmbH.

Global technological status The availability of raw materials, changing lifestyles, needs to offer broader selection of food products at lower costs and innovation in technology are some of the key factors which helps to drive the growth of food processing equipment market worldwide. Among various food processing equipment, bakery and pasta equipment market is growing at faster rate.

Growing income level of individual leads to more investment over food processing equipment. Large population base in Asia Pacific countries and frequent change in food preference among individuals lead to increasing demand for food products.

This changing trend leads to investment more on food processing equipment.

Due to advancements in technology related to cutting, slicing and grinding in food processing equipment, many manufacturers in food industry are replacing their older machines with newer ones, which are more efficient and boost their bottom line through higher throughput.

Asia Pacific is one of the fastest growing markets for food processing equipment.

The market is driven by increasing demand of processed food products in emerging and developing countries including India, China, Indonesia and Thailand. In Asia Pacific region, China

accounts for the largest market in food processing equipment.

The total market size of the Indian food processing industry is expected to be reach around USD 330.0 billion by 2014-15. In North America region, the U.S. accounts for the largest market in food processing equipment. Growing awareness level regarding new food products, rising economy, investment on research and development over food processing equipment are some of key reasons, which drive the food processing market in European region. Global food processing equipment market is expected to grow in single digit growth during forecasted period 2014- 2020.

Some of the major companies operating in global food processing equipment market are Anko Food Machine Company Limited, Atlas Pacific Engineering Company Incorporated, Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated, Bettcher Industries Incorporated, Bibun Engineering, BMA Group, Bongard,

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Technology Status in India In India thousands of food-processing units are currently doing business.

The equipment of some of these units are outdated with very poor hygiene conditions. These units offer a good replacement market for food-processing equipment suppliers. The food processing machinery market in India is growing at an average rate of 15%.

Experts feel food industry in India is huge and there are traditional and medium equipment manufacturers, who have locally made equipment for food and beverage processing.

The machines and equipment used by those are of inferior quality, whereas there are a few big companies who have high-end equipment machinery for food and beverage sector. As we go ahead, companies have to update technology and machinery, because there is huge demand for processed food products with changing lifestyle and consumer preferences.

However, the technologies available

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TECHNOLOGIES IN FPI have their own dedicated departments to the machinery they use. The machinery is designed according to the food product being manufactured taking into consideration the laws drafted by FSSAI, the apex regulatory authority and other standards like HACCP and others.

They create their own machines with the internal R&D teams. Suppose, if the land which a company has is small, the R&D team will analyse it and come up with a vertical module of machinery which will enable the company to save space and adapt to issues like this,” stated Rajan Das, Metallurgist and Process Consultant based in Kolkata.

in India in the agro-food processing equipment sector are still in the learning curve when compared to the developed countries. There has been a net inflow of equipment from Europe, especially from Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and Czechoslovakia and also from Australia.

The presence of companies like Alfa Laval is a proof enough which further strengthens this hypothesis that India has been a net importer of technology in the equipment sector. In India, the major thrust in research and development in the agri-food sector has been on the primary processing of food rather on developing equipment in this sector.

There has been pioneering efforts put forward by the CFTRI, IARI, DRDL, Post-Harvest Technology Centre (PHTC, IIT Kharagpur) and DFRL. These laboratories have been fairly successful in developing innovative equipment in the agro-food processing sector. Most of the technologies available in the equipment sector which could be considered as globally competitive fall in the category of pre-harvest technologies.

Food processing machinery in India As processed food end-users become more quality-conscious, it will become imperative for the sector to upgrade its equipment. The key factors that affect sales in this segment are cost of the equipment, lower processing cost,

assistance of financing agencies and smooth upgradation of their facilities.

As in all cases, the presence of after sales support would be treated as a prerequisite.

All Purpose Machinery Lines: Several preferences for specialised machinery for homogenisers, mixers, ovens and others are common setups in India. Allpurpose machinery lines are popular in industries like beverage, dairy, bakery and confectionery, meat and seafood processing. “The all-purpose machinery lines are now becoming a part of Indian scenario too. Several machine lines which operate for more than one product are now in practice like a common line can be used to process corn and mango which comes out as a packaged product on the other side,” states Nilesh Lele, Secretary, Association of Food Scientists and Technologists of India (AFSTI).

Turnkey Operations: V P Ramachandran, Secretary-General, Process Plant & Machinery Association of India (PPMAI) said, “The Indian food processing and equipment industry is growing rapidly.

Turnkey system machinery is very much in demand as it reduces space utility and reduces human resource. In fact, the Indian price for food processing machinery is competitive and now we concentrating more on exports.”

Specially Designed Machinery Lines: “Certain organised players in the market

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Equipment Food processing equipment features some of the most sophisticated automation around. But, most machines are assembled manually. That’s because high-mix, lowvolume production is the rule rather than the exception. Food processing machinery comes in all shapes and sizes to meet the widespread demands of companies that produce beverages, bakery items, candy, dairy goods, frozen food, fruit, meat, poultry, seafood, snack food, vegetables and other edibles.

Industry players observed, “Equipment categories include chillers, dryers, feeders, fryers, grinders, homogenisers, mixers, roasters, separators, slicers and ovens. Most food processing machines have similar automation and motion control needs, such as material conveying and positioning, heating, drying and cooling. They also require cleanliness, gentle handling and precise control of temperatures, pressures, treatment times and other process parameters. In addition,

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TECHNOLOGIES IN FPI degree of potential exists for almost all user segments which are expanding appreciably-processed foods, hard and soft drinks, fruit and marine products.

The Indian packaging industry has made a mark with its exports that comprise flattened cans, printed sheets and components, crown cork, lug caps, plastic film laminates, craft paper, paper board and packaging machinery, while the imports include tinplate, coating and lining compounds and others.

food processing machinery is often integrated with high-speed packaging and labelling equipment.� “Equipment and systems designed for the food processing industry share many of the same basic components used in discrete manufacturing but, the machines become even more complex once a labyrinth of digital sensors, pipes, transmitters, tanks, tubes and other components are added into the mix.

Food processing machinery must be capable of withstanding constant cleaning and disinfecting with all sorts of harsh agents, ranging from steam and water to alkaline solution, organic solvents, hypochlorites, iodine compounds and nitric acid. Above all, food processing equipment must meet strict regulations enforced by government agencies�, they added.

Advancements Technological advancements in cutting, slicing and grinding machinery have also led to increased sales of these units over the past 10 years, as manufacturers replace older machines with newer products that boost their bottom line through either higher throughput or more efficient processing. Due to the incredibly broad range of machinery types and specifications demanded by food processing companies, the industry tends to be quite fragmented. With thousands

of individual types of food processing machines produced worldwide, only the largest manufacturers can offer anything close to complete range of products. Most companies typically focus on producing machines that perform one specific task for a wide variety of food products, such as slicers or mixers or they offer a complete suite of equipment covering every stage of processing for a specific product, such as poultry.

Packaging equipment sector Packaging is among the high growth industries in India and developing at 2225% per annum and is becoming a preferred hub for packaging industry. Currently the 5th largest sector of India's economy, the industry has reported steady growth over past several years and shows high potential for much expansion, particularly in the export market.

Costs of processing and packaging food can be up to 40% lower than parts of Europe which, combined with India's resources of skilled labor, make it an attractive venue for investment. A high

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In India, the fastest growing packaging segments are laminates and flexible packaging, especially PET and woven sacks. Over the last few years, packaging industry is an important sector driving technology and innovation growth in the country and adding value to the various manufacturing sectors including agriculture and FMCG segments.

The global packaging industry is developing and expanding day by day and Indian packaging industry is also growing at rapidly. This growth is primarily driven by factors like growing pharmaceutical, food processing, manufacturing industry, FMCG, healthcare sector and subsidiary in the emerging economies like China,

India, Brazil, Russia and few other East European countries.

Export-import of machinery The total market size of food processing equipment industry in India is estimated at US$ 1,571 million. The estimate is considering only the organised industry.

There has been a steady increase in market and the overall growth of Indian market averaged at 25%, considering the next four years.

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Among India's total machinery production only around 10% of food processing equipment are exported out of total domestic production, while 35% of total agro-food processing equipment industry is imported. USA is the largest equipment exporter to India with around US$ 180 million worth of exports.

Export Data India exported food processing machines worth USD 249,029,808.12 with total quantity of 16073 in 2015-2016 while in 2016/2017 (April to June) USD 56,215,466.75. Kenya is the largest buyer of food processing machine accounting for exports worth USD 615,162 followed

by Argentina and Mozambique which imported food processing machine worth USD 390,600 and USD 277,253 respectively.

Hyderabad accounted for 49.9% of exports followed by Baroda and Tuticorin Sea which account for 10.2% and 10.1% of exports respectively.

TECHNOLOGIES IN FPI

Import Data India imported food processing machines worth USD171,637,804.58 with total quantity of 133,488. United Kingdom is the largest supplier of food processing machine accounting for imports worth USD 9,294,531 followed by United States and Germany which exported food processing machine worth USD 4,746,413 and USD 2,484,617 respectively.

Tughlakabad accounted for 31.1% of imports followed

by Delhi Air Cargo and Nhava Sheva Sea which account for 18.3% and 14.8% of imports respectively.

New trends.

According to Verma of Banarsidas Chandiwala, Computer Vision is another mechanism that has made a significant place in the food processing sector recently. This useful method is taken to inspect the quality of food products meticulously.

Meeting the tremendous challenges of production and quality was a tough nut to crack, but thanks to Computer Vision that made it possible because of its speed, accuracy, and efficiency.

The trends are more towards consumer goods like ready-to-eat food products, juices, quick consumption products, and health food and drinks.

Companies are looking to launch such products in

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the market and technology suppliers are working on this too.

Factors driving growth While demand drive remains strong, supply still poses many challenges.

Inflation in food prices in recent months has brought out the fragility of India’s demand-supply balance. Increasing income will only fuel higher demand for processed food while further straining the supply. Additionally, processed food manufacturers often face problems in procuring quality produce.

“Players need to proactively work alongside farmers to educate them on improved farming practices and encourage the use of high yield seeds,”

feels Verma of Banarsidas Chandiwala.

Challenges, Opportunities Shortage of skilled labour and food safety concerns were the key challenges for food processing industry and this was encouraging food processors to invest in automation. Many conventional processes for making Indian ethnic snacks are being converted to automated lines. Many companies, both Indian and foreign, are planning big investments in the food processing segment.

While speaking on challenges, experts said that manufacturers look at optimum cost, developing good processing, skilled manpower. Market is growing as spending power of people has increased tremendously and so has the demand for quality products. There are new colleges with specialised courses to focus on new developments in this sector.

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FOOD SAFETY

Food Safety Act – Changes, Challenges and Way Ahead

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he Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is all set to address the Supreme Court’s concerns on adulteration especially on milk by issuing new standards. Sources say that FSSAI is working on a 3- pronged approach to ensure an overall assessment is done before final guidelines are rolled out and conducting Pan-India survey to

identify risk zones. The food regulator is reportedly taking into account 10-12 parameters in the survey and provide definition of ‘adulteration and fat content in the final guidelines.

After Supreme Court’s serious concerns Central Government is chalking plans to fine tune the standards of food safety to

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make it more meaningful. Considering the gravity of the issue, government is planning for appropriate legislative amendments and the offences will be categorised punishable with punishment extending upto life imprisonment. Earlier, the penal provision for various offences was placed in the nature of monetary terms. Penalties for very serious offences

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16 www.agronfoodprocessing.com were diluted to the punishment between three months to six years.

Union Health Minister J.P Nadda while addressing conference of food regulator FSSAI organised to mark the completion

ahead,” Nadda said.

He emphasised on more awareness programmes to promote safe food at home, schools, offices and eateries. In an apparent reference to the Maggie controversy, the Minister said there

FOOD SAFETY laws in relation thereto in force on that date. The penalties for the offences in 1954 Act were set out and from time to time, considering the gravity of the issue, appropriate legislative amendments were made and the offences were categorised punishable with punishment extending upto life imprisonment.

In the year 2006, the Food Safety and Standard Act was passed by Parliament which ultimately came into force in the year 2010. This Act repealed various laws including the Act of 1954, the Meet Food Products Order 1973, the Milk and Milk Product Order 1992 etc. In terms of new law, surprisingly, the penal provision for various offences was placed in the nature of monetary terms.

of a decade of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 said “Food Safety and Standards Act 2006 was enacted and it is the right time to take stock of the situation and chalk out future strategies”.

Minister said that we are all for capacity building not only at the national level, we are working to have high quality labs and to support states (in setting up) high quality laboratories.

He said the adoption of global safety standards would boost domestic demand and exports of agro-based products, thereby generating huge employment opportunities.

were certain issues last year, some confrontation, some communication gap, but “we have streamlined those issues”.

Stating that the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India has transformed into a facilitator from a regulator, Health Minister said that the government will fine tune the standards to make it more meaningful.

History of Food Safety Act In the year 1954, the Central Government consolidated legal provisions by way of comprehensive legislation (the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954) to curb food adulteration and repealed all the

“The safety and standard of food products is not only a health issue but its related to economic issue.

If we have good safety standards and transparent system and if that is nationally and internationally recognised certainly the economic activity is going to go

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Controversies Swami AchyutanandTirth filed a petition in the Supreme Court complaining as to how the most used food item, milk, was being sold in the market. He relied upon the executive summary of National Survey of Milk Adulteration of 2011 to show that more than 68% of milk being sold in the country was adulterated and in some States, 100% milk sample was found to be adulterated.

Prior to the Food Adulteration Act, the India Penal Code 1860 had provisions [set out in Section 272 onwards] in relation to adulteration of food, drugs, drinks etc where the offences were punishable to the extent of 6 months imprisonment and fine. The States like Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal considered it to be insufficient and made appropriate amendments in 1970s to make the offences punishable upto life imprisonment and fine.

This was followed by Orissa in 1999. It was after these amendments of UP and West Bengal, the Central government amended the Act of 1954 in 1976 where under few offences were made punishable with life imprisonment.

The Act of 2006 repeals all other provisions relating to food items adulteration but does not specifically take away the State amendments in IPC. These provisions have come under the cloud

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FOOD SAFETY food and drink items.

Absence of pesticide regulation hits food safety enforcement The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have not prescribed the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) of many of the pesticides used on vegetables and fruits.

This, according to official sources, poses legal hurdles in cracking down on the indiscriminate use of pesticides by domestic farmers and curbing the import of pesticide-contaminated items from other states.

and has been held to be inapplicable by the judicial pronouncement of the High Court of Allahabad in the case of Pepsi where Pepsico India Holding challenged the validity of government of UP’s action to initiate criminal prosecution under the amended provisions of Indian Penal Code under section 272 and 273.

The main ground taken by Pepsi was that section 272-273 of IPC was repealed by 2006 Act of Parliament by way of necessary implication as the 2006 law occupied complete field with regard to adulteration of food stuff.

In this background the Division Bench of the High Court took a view that since the entire process of the enquiry has to be done under 2006 law, invoking section 272 and 273 of IPC for conviction and sentencing shall be wholly unjustified and non-est and accordingly States action under IPC was held to be non-est and quashed the FIR. The issue as to whether the view of the High Court that the IPC cannot be invoked despite the fact that the Food Safety Act 2006 has not repealed provisions of IPC, is pending consideration in the Supreme Court of India in an appeal filed by the Government of U.P. on which the Supreme Court shall take a view.

During the pendency of the Writ Petition of Swami Tirath, the Supreme Court was

appraised with the steps being undertaken for coming out with appropriate legislative amendment for enhancing the penalties in the Food Safety Standard Act, 2006. By way of interim direction, the Supreme Court had directed the Central Government to consider the amendments as set out by State of U.P., West Bengal and Orissa in section 272 of Indian Penal Code. Now the petition has been finally decided by the Supreme Court wherein the Supreme Court has observed that it will be in order that the Union of India comes up with suitable amendment in Food Safety and Standard Act by making penal provision at par with the provisions contained in the State amendments.

The Central government has been making such statements for the last three years but finally it has not been able to make such amended provisions.

It is expected that the Central government will take immediate steps by bringing such penal provision in order to save the life of millions in the country who fall prey to the adulterated

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MRL is the legally permitted level of pesticide residue in food items. The MRL value is fixed on the basis of a rigorous evaluation. It acts as an indicator of the correct use of pesticides and ensures compliance with legal requirements for food safety.

“It is a matter of concern that the majority of pesticides that have been detected in vegetables, fruits, spices and condiments do not have MRL values,” says a senior scientist associated with pesticide safety.

“This makes a mockery of the periodic monitoring of food items for pesticide residue,” he said.

The State government conducts regular surveillance sample testing of food items and the reports are published on the

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20 www.agronfoodprocessing.com official website. But in the absence of MRL values, officials are hamstrung in taking legal action.

“For example, Profenophos is a typical highly neurotoxic insecticide registered for use only in cotton. But it has been detected in chilli, chilli powder, curry leaf, coriander leaf, mint leaf, cardamom, cumin seed, fennel seed, and curry powders. The FSSAI has not fixed the MRL for this insecticide in any of these commodities, because its use is not approved in any of these crops,” says an official.

Vice Chancellor, Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), P. Rajendran said the multiplicity of pesticides used for various crops posed a problem in regulation.

“Fixing the MRL value for a pesticide used on a crop is a complex, time-consuming process, often taking years. To complicate matters further, pesticide manufacturers come up with new products every now and then, by changing the formulation.”

Under a special food safety drive for the Onam festival season, the Pesticide Residue Research and Analytical Laboratory under KAU is screening samples of vegetables and fruits collected from markets across the State.

FSSAI announces initiatives to promote safe food culture Commemorating the 10th anniversary of enactment of Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, the FSSAI said it will launch ten new initiatives that seek to connect people of all age groups for ensuring safe food through an integrated approach.

"This bouquet of 10 initiatives focused on safe and nutritious food at home, school, workplace, religious places, in trains and railway stations, in restaurants and other places," Health Ministry said in a statement.

FSSAI will provide a green book to every household and create a dedicated website for safe and nutritious food at home.

Similarly for schools, it will prepare

a negative list of high fat, sugar and salt foods (commonly referred as junk food), seeking to ensure food safety and nutrition in and around schools, including lunch box and canteens.

It plans to make licence from FSSAI compulsory for food businesses involved in mid-day meal scheme.

For offices, FSSAI said the canteens and cafeterias should be registered/licensed with the food regulator. The establishment should also ensure monthly testing of kitchens, water and equipment.

As far as religious places are concerned, FSSAI said it is engaging with the management of places of worships to help them implement the Food Safety Management System (FSMS).

Siddhivinayak temple in Mumbai has already adopted FSMS, while Saibaba temple in Shirdi is in the process of doing so for their kitchens.

Noting that food safety is an important health and economic issue, Health Minister J P Nadda said, "Provisions of safe food should become a part of ingrained culture in our country."

He said the adoption of global food safety standards would boost exports of agro-products and also provide better returns to farmers for their produce.

(FSSAI) CEO Pawan Agarwal said all these 10 initiatives have been developed collaboratively over the past few months along with other stakeholders and partners.

"States would be facilitated to implement them on pilot basis over the next few months and thereafter national roll

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FOOD SAFETY out of these initiatives would be done possibly by next year," Agarwal said.

Apart from these initiatives, FSSAI also announced plans to conduct national milk quality survey and frame standards for food fortification, organic food. It will also simplify the registration and licensing regulations.

FSSAI will also take steps to bridge standards divide from farm to trade and to rediscover the rich culinary heritage of India.

It also launched food safety display board that would help connect consumers directly with food safety officers. Twelve corporates including Mother Dairy, Haldiram, StarBucks, BurgerKing, among others, have already volunteered to display this board at their 1,300 outlets.

"Now, basic groundwork is done. We are ready for a big leap forward," Nadda said.

The Minister emphasised upon twoway communication between the food businesses and the regulator. He advised that the authority should be fully aware of the need and concerns of small food

21 www.agronfoodprocessing.com businesses as well in its work of standard formulation and compliance.

FSSAI Chairperson Ashish Bahuguna said, "We have completed 10 formative years of this act and are now striving to work towards a collective approach for building safe food culture in India because food safety cannot be ensured by enforcement alone".

Mechanism to test fast food As per information provided by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the term ‘fast food ‘is not defined under Food Safety and Standards (FSS) Act, 2006 and Rules and Regulations made thereunder.

The implementation and enforcement of Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 primarily rests with State/UT Governments. Random Samples of food items are being drawn by the State Food Safety Officers and sent to the laboratories recognised by FSSAI for analysis.

In cases where the samples are found to be not conforming to the provisions of the FSS Act, 2006 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder, recourse is taken to the provisions for penal action against the offenders under Chapter IX of the FSS Act. FSSAI is operating food import clearance facilities at six locations viz. Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Cochin and Tuticorin. The imported food consignments referred to FSSAI for clearance by the Custom Authorities are subjected to inspection and sampling by authorised Officers of FSSAI. The samples so collected are subjected to testing at notified food laboratories as per the parameters laid down in the various FSS Regulations, 2011 for safety aspects.

Based on the laboratory reports, NOC (No Objection Certificate) or NCC (Non Conformance Certificate) is issued for the consignments.

FSSAI proposes new standards for frozen vegetables

In a draft regulation, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has invited suggestions from all stakeholders concerning new standards for frozen vegetables and processed fruit products; including commonly used canned tomatoes, frozen peas and jams.

As per the draft, standards have been framed for canned tomatoes, tomato juice, frozen beans, cauliflower, peas and spinach. Similarly, the regulator has come out with benchmarks for jams, fruit jellies and marmalades.

“The framing of standards for new products is a continuous process. In this, we have drafted quality norms for commonly used frozen vegetables and fruit products,” FSSAI CEO Pawan Agarwal said.

The standards relate to limits for metallic contaminants in these products. In the draft, FSSAI has specified that these products will have to follow the packaging and labelling norms of the regulator. Food additives used in these products should be permitted by the regulator.

Recently, FSSAI came out with a host of initiatives to promote safe food at homes, schools, offices, eateries and religious places, besides a national survey for assessing milk quality. The idea of launching the 10 new initiatives is to create “a culture of food safety” in the country.

Commemorating the 10th anniversary of enactment of the Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, FSSAI had said the new initiatives would focus on safe and nutritious food at home, school, workplace, religious places, on trains and railway stations, at restaurants and other places.

Industries should reserve to create public awareness on adulteration Union Food and Consumer Affairs Minister said the industry should set aside funds to create public awareness about food safety; Minister has also written to state governments and held discussions with street vendor associations to promote

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FOOD SAFETY safe food.

Paswan also suggested that consumers should have some machines to check adulteration in food products like milk, water and cooking oils as is the case for blood pressure, sugar and fever.

According to him, eradicating food adulteration and assuring food safety during major festivals is one of the major challenges for his ministry.

“In India, people will not believe that any food product is without adulteration,” Paswan said, adding that the scenario is different in other countries.

Speaking at the event, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) CEO Pawan Kumar Agarwal said the regulator has come out with many standards since 2011, when it became operational, but there is a need for capacity building at the level of states to enforce these standards.

He spoke about the need for changing public perception about food safety.

“Food safety and nutrition should be integral part of people’s daily life,” he added.

Road Ahead Both the domestic and international industry is looking forward to FSSAI for the harmonization of Indian food standards for all food categories with the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) standards. CAC is regarded as the world “Authority” on food standards (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Programme).

Codex’s focused objectives of protecting consumers and facilitating trade are shared by member countries and its standards based on scientific evidence and risk analysis principles, are followed and/or adopted partially or in totality by countries around the world.

With the global food industry looking towards India as a food hot-spot, it is about time the national food legislation is aligned with Codex, encouraging innovation and facilitating trade without compromising consumer safety.

22 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

121, 1st Floor, Rassaz Multiplex, Station Road, Mira Road (E), Dist Thane - 401 107, Maharashtra.

Ph. : +91-22-28115068, 28555069, 8689979988 Email : info@agronfoodprocessing.com www.agronfoodprocessing.com

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23 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

COVER STORY

FPI Make in India, FDI,GST & National Capital Goods Policy Mere promises alone won’t work wonders’

T

Firoz .H Naqvi

he Food Processing Industry India is the second largest producer of food and holds the potential to be the biggest on the global food and agriculture canvas. The food processing industry is one of the largest in India – it is ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth.

growth of the nation to a great extent.

The food processing industry is one of the largest industries operating in India and is divided into several segments.

Government of India has identified food processing sector as one of the key sectors for Make in India and thus Ministry of Food Processing Industries is focusing on growth of this sector.

The food processing industry is of enormous significance for India's development because it is efficiently and effectively linked to the nation’s economy, industry and agriculture. The linking of these three pillars has synergized the development process and promoted the

Sanjeev Gupta, Director, Kanchan Metals Pvt Ltd, is very optimistic about the growth of food processing in India and says that this sector is directly linked to spending of daily needs which will only become higher and higher as the income level increase. “I foresee rapid

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consolidation of industry with Pan Indian brands growing very fast and regional players getting attached to such Pan India brands only”, he said.

Vimal Paharia, CEO, Jwala Techno Engineering Pvt. Ltd, also thinks that the potential for growth of this industry is huge and what is being witnessed is just the tip of the iceberg.The changing lifestyle of people has brought about a change in people’s eating habits. Also, the market segment of processed foods is expanding due to online food retailers.

The development trend of this industry is expected to continue considering the

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COVER STORY “We haven’t really seen the benefits yet, as the infrastructure as well as the expertise and investment are not in sync. A lot more has to be done to get results’’,stated Dinesh Gupta President, Bry-Air and added "may be in years to come the environment being created by the government will yield results’’.

Modi is pushing to lure manufacturers that can create millions of jobs, allowing India to take advantage of a demographic dividend as its population surpasses China in the next decade. While India's 1.3 billion people and high growth rate make it a stand-out among emerging markets, other indicators are grim: Investment remains weak, exports have fallen for 14 straight months, borrowing costs are relatively high and trade deals have stalled.

growing young population and increased disposable income, agreed Manoj Paul, Country Head of India and South Asia, Heat and Control.

Most segments of the food processing industry are showing double-digit growth, however, there are still many segments in this industry who are still in their infancy stage.

“I foresee rapid consolidation of industry with Pan Indian brands growing very fast and regional players getting attached to such Pan-India brands only”.

Sanjeev Gupta

The amount of processing in India in these segments is still a fraction of what is experienced in developed countries.

According to a MOFPI report, only 2% of the fruits and vegetables produced in India are processed. The similar figures for poultry and seafood industry are 6% and 8% respectively.

Indian food processing industry has a lot to do, to reach its saturation level in terms of product development, packaging development, food safety, etc. along with its fulfilment in difference of demand and supply. As Pradeep R Katariya, Managing Director, Saurabh Flexipack Systems Pvt. Ltd.puts in that still many products are not available everywhere in A-grade cities and another 10-15 years will be required to achieve growth of Indian food industry as per its current growth rate.

Mrunal Joshi, Executive Director, Nichrome, said, “the food sector has emerged as a high-growth and high-profit sector due to its immense potential for value addition, particularly within the food processing industry’’.

Make in India The results of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's "Make in India" drive to attract foreign investment is yet to be seen.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's glitzy campaign to showcase India as the world's next manufacturing hub meets with criticism. Major cause of concern is the conflicting data and vague timelines that raise questions about Modi's "Make in India" drive, which he called "the biggest brand created in India."

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Modi's efforts to make it easier to operate in Asia's third-biggest economy have yet to show up in key external indicators. In the World Bank's Doing Business index, for instance, India still ranks 130 of 189 economies well short of Modi's goal to crack the top 50 in two years.

Make in India is glittery scheme and government has highlighted it a lot, but the ground results are yet to be seen and felt, said, Sanjeev Gupta.

Manoj Paul supplemented that though schemes like Make in India has generated a lot of interest in the industry, the benefits from these schemes are yet to be realised and the results is expected to be seen in the next few years. "The government on its part should expedite incentives of these schemes to encourage the investment", he stressed.

But not all agree with these facts, Pradeep R Katariya, affirms that the government’s initiatives have given a big boost to new entrepreneurs and existing players to start or grow the business. “Many young entrepreneurs have come up with new ideas in food industry because of these initiatives and because of cluster developments, many facilities are easily available in one premise and saves huge cost”, he added.

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schemes like Make in India has generated a lot of interest in the industry, Manoj Paul the benefits from these schemes are yet to be realised and the results is expected to be seen in the next few years. " The government on its part should expedite incentives of these schemes to encourage the investment" .

“There is definitely an impact of these initiatives and we recently heard that PepsiCo is planning is an investment of Rs. 33,000 crores in India by 2020’’, Vimal Paharia said, and added that there are also reports of some entrepreneurs using the benefits of the Startup India initiative for starting their food processing

substantially. In the current quarter, manufacturing growth is expected be around 12.6%. But unfortunately the industrial clusters across the country shows de-growth – not growth. The immediate factors vary from state to state, cluster to cluster. But taken together, they raise a large question about the competitiveness of manufacturing in the country, and whether companies will make in India if these issues are not addressed.

FDI With 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in trading of food products manufactured or produced in India, including through e-commerce, the industry stakeholders feel the measure will reduce wastage, curb inflation and will be beneficial for the farmers. This policy is aligned with the objective of the of the government's initiative on 'Make in India' to facilitate 'ease of doing business' with a thrust on 'Minimum Government

COVER STORY infrastructure and lead to direct purchase by the retailers’’.

The Minister of Food Processing Industries Harsimrat Kaur Badal strategy to keep certain percentage mandatory for the investment in infrastructure from FDI will help in creating infrastructure in the food processing & supply chain sector.

According to Joshi, this move is critical for the capital intensive food processing industry and foreign fund flow will help address infrastructure bottlenecks, bring down the logistics cost, create cold chains etc. Also there is plan to put in place a national electronic agricultural marketplace that will allow farmers to sell their produce directly to anyone in the country, without having to go through the agricultural marketplaces, or mandis, which will bring down wastage in food processing and agricultural sector, which remains very high in India, he further added.

“FDI in multi brand retail of food product in India will this improve the scenario of food processing in the country and will also disturb, as it works both the ways, as imports of finished food products will affect local processors”, Sanjeev Gupta informed. While MNC’s in FDI will mean global quality food products, innovative packaging, more outlets, and better opportunities for brands to have Pan India presence. He added, all this will mean Capex investments by processors which are good for our sector but at the same time we need to increase our technological advancement and be in line with global standards.

units. ‘’But I am not aware of the numbers regarding the actual investments due to these initiatives in the food processing industry’’ elucidated Paharia.

Two years down the line, the programme is trapped in conflicting claims. The government claims it is doing well;in a speech, Modi said, that when they started the Make in India campaign, manufacturing growth in the country was 1.7%. This year it has improved

and Maximum Governance'.

Mrunal Joshi feels that this decision will have a positive impact as FDI flow will usher in advanced technologies and expertise that will augment the supply chain management of the recipient organisations. she said, “with 100 per cent FDI, it is expected that the farmers will also get better prices from the heavy reduction in post-harvest losses and will result in the strengthening of the back-end

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Pradeep Katariya has a different line of thought. He reasons that though FDI in multi brand retail may help to improve the scenario of Indian food processing industry, but is there really a need to invite FDI in Indian food processing industry. He said. “Indian food industry is well capable and just requires time and support from government and they will become equally good and no need of FDI, articulated Kataria, and the best examples are Haldirams, Balaji, Patanjali, Maiyas etc. and India requires technologies to

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FDI in food processing as it will help the market to expand and the demand to build up which will result in overall growth in the sector.

And as infrastructure in food industry is lagging behind, it is of utmost importance that the government use the foreign investment funds for its development.

Dinesh Gupta

make it happen and in that FDI should be allowed but not 100%’’.

FDI in multi brand retail may help to improve the scenario of Indian food processing P. Kataria industry, but is there really a need to invite FDI in Indian food processing industry.

“Indian food industry is well capable and just requires time and support from government and they will become equally good and no need of FDI, and the best examples are Haldirams, Balaji, Patanjali, Maiyas etc. and India requires technologies to make it happen and in that FDI should be allowed but not 100%’’.

Vimal Paharia of course stresses that 100 % FDI will boost the food retail industry and the modern retail stores that are expected to be set up using FDI will be stocking processed items in large quantities. There will definitely be an increase in demand for processed food.

COVER STORY

This will automatically lead to increase in food processing in India, thereby improving the prospects of our industry further, he added.

globally competitive capital goods sector and achieve total production in excess of Rs. 7.5 lakh crore by 2025 from the current Rs. 2.3 lakh crore.

Paharia advocates foreign investment also, because the infrastructure in the food processing sector will definitely receive a boost with investment from foreign companies. “More cold chains and processing units could come up due to this move that will aid the industry in the long run’’. The end consumer is also expected to benefit as the quality of the products available in stores is expected to improve due to better quality of infrastructure in food processing’’, he stated.

The policy aim was to increase direct domestic employment from the current 1.4 million to at least 5 million and indirect employment from the current 7 million to 25 million by 2025, thus providing additional employment to over 21 million people.

It also envisaged increasing the share of domestic production in India’s capital goods demand from 60 per cent to 80 per cent by 2025 and in the process improving domestic capacity utilisation to 80-90 per cent.

Manoj Paul also supports the Food Processing Minister’s stance to keep certain percentage of foreign investment multi brand retail for infrastructure development, he said, that this will ensure that the foreign companies will enter the multi brand retail in the country to invest in the infrastructure like the Cold chain etc., which will support their business and also help the food processors access the markets better.

Paul trusts that FDI in multi brand retail of food products will really boost the food processing scenario in India and will encourage more players to invest in food processing units as the multi brand retail outlets will provide them the sales outlets.

Dinesh Gupta also favours FDI in food processing as it will help the market to expand and the demand to build up which will result in overall growth in the sector.

And as infrastructure in food industry is lagging behind, it is of utmost importance that the government use the foreign investment funds for its development, added Gupta.

GST and National Capital Goods Policy In May, the Union Cabinet had approved the first-ever policy for the country’s capital goods sector, envisaging creation of over 21 million new jobs by 2025. The objectives of the National Capital Goods Policy were to create an ecosystem for a

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It also advocated adoption of a uniform Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime ensuring effective GST rate across all capital goods, sub-sectors competitive with import duty after set-off with a view to ensure a level-playing field.

The GST bill was passed unopposed in August and its rollout across the country will improve ease of doing business and encourage industries to expand their operations, which in turn will help boost job opportunities. Moreover, the Make in India initiative will get a significant boost as companies would be able to create manufacturing and industrial hubs across the country as GST would break the barrier of state tax regulations.

Vimal Paharia ruminates that GST will help in streamlining the tax structure for food industry will be another positive point for attracting FDI in food processing. But he is skeptical about the tax application system, as right now most food products are exempted from paying taxes like excise duty.

On the reduction in cost of the machinery for food processing and packaging Paharia said, “some taxes that are not recoverable like CST will now be absorbed in the GST. Hence the overall cost of machinery will be reduced marginally’’. But for food processing companies the impact of taxes on machinery will be reduced, as they will be able to claim back the GST

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“Once GST comes in, and we can expect the GST rates to be around 18-20%, the prices of most food products will increase considerably.

This will definitely affect the demand for processed food products. Hence the government should keep the rates of GST for processed food at the minimum possible level’’.

Vimal Paharia

applicable on the machinery. Hence this will definitely benefit the food processing companies and will boost the capital investment in the industry, claimed Paharia.

GST is a major tax reform, which should ideally create a common market Murnal Joshi and also number of food parks has been lined up by the government across the country, so the growth will be exponential and other avenues like infrastructure will also grow.

Even Sanjeev Gupta agrees on this and said, “we need to get the full details of

the GST proposals to comment.

However principally GST should benefit the business regime and tax’’.

Speaking in the same line, Manoj Paul stated that the finer details for GST are not clear and hence it is hard to say if it will attract more FDI in food processing, however the GST and the reduction in red tape will encourage investors to invest in India. Though Paul added, the expectations are high and expecting a lower tax structure to encourage the investment in food processing industry.

Whether cost of the machinery for food processing and packaging will go downdue to GST will be seen later as benefits will take some time after the rollout, said Dinesh Gupta. However, GST will surely bring down the cost by avoiding multi-layer taxation, he added.

Mrunal Joshi, said, “due to the tax credit available in the GST system, there will low outflow of tax than in the previous tax regime but there are lot of issues that need to be addressed. Once the issues are ironed out and streamlined then cost should be expected to go down’’.

GST is a major tax reform, which should ideally create a common market and also number of food parks has been lined up by the government across the country, so the growth will be exponential and other avenues like infrastructure will also grow.

“The good thing is the margins are pretty high in Food Processing Industry and thus will be more attractive for investment and a lot of multinationals have also announced their arrival in this industry which has high growth potential’’, elucidated Joshi.

Insight Though the GST has been unanimously commended, the National Capital Goods

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COVER STORY Policy, that was approved in May this year, till date has not been implemented.

Even Make in India scheme, which originated two years back is also in the fabricating stage, the food processing industry is waiting for the outcome.

In fact there is growing chorus among Indian industrialists that the government is not doing enough work on the ground, resulting in a bigger-than-expected delay in reviving the investment cycle.

They note that foreigners are still hesitant to cross the border and invest in India, as data shows, despite the promises made

by India’s pro-business Prime Minister Narendra Modi on ease of doing business and India’s prospects as the sole bright spot among emerging markets.

But again Modi’s promises alone wouldn’t work to bring in investments and, for investments to happen, companies should find a conducive environment to invest in India when they finally arrive buying those promise. So the real test comes when they (foreign industries/ investors) are making their due diligence to decide whether India is the place to invest, not just on the basis of Mr Modi's promise.

The investment data compiled by agencies such as the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) has not been very promising so far.

According to a recent CMIE report, announcement of proposals to create new capacities declined sharply (74 per cent) in the third quarter of fiscal year 2016.

Only 383 projects were announced in the quarter with an estimated investment of Rs 1 lakh crore, which is the lowest in at least five quarters, CMIE said. But to be sure, it is too early to conclude a trend yet.

The FPI is gifted with many policies, programs and schemes which would benefit both the farmers and the industry, but we are yet to see true execution and end result. No doubt the ideas are worthy, but has the government made empty promise; or it is just taking time to execute it…..we need to sit down and see.

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OPPORTUNITIES IN N.E

North Eastern India Having

Great Potential for FPI growth

F

ood processing is one of the largest sectors in India and is a high priority sector for the government.

Legislative support and incentives will assist the food industry to continue to develop sustainable growth over the coming years. There are countless opportunities in India with a domestic food market of close to $US 258 billion.

This is projected to reach $US 482 billion by 2020.

Consisting of 25 per cent organised segment, 42 per cent of unorganised segment and 33 per cent of small-scale industry, the India food processing industry is expected to grow at CGAR of 11 per cent contributing around 14 per

cent of manufacturing GDP, 13 per cent of India’s exports and six per cent of total industrial investment.

Like other parts of India, the northeastern part of India is also an agrarian economy.

The north-east region is the land of magnificent, possessing undulating hills and thrilling flora and fauna. This picturesque scenario is contrasted by widespread poverty, low per capita income, high unemployment and low agricultural productivity leading to food-insecurity. With an extensive international border, the region has an extra advantage in international trade.

Yet it has failed to convert its strengths optimally into growth opportunities for

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

the well-being of the people.

There is huge potential for growth in various sectors of the food processing sector in the North Eastern Indian states (Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland, Manipur and Sikkim). These include dairy, fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry, consumer foods and the ready-to-eat segment.

Food Processing Industry in North Eastern Region The north-eastern region with its agrofriendly climate and agrarian roots has the potential to be a sunrise zone for food processing and other agri businesses.

The weather and availability of water are conducive for food cultivation

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OPPORTUNITIES IN N.E Assam legislative Bordoloi said.

assembly

Robin

He said major industrial houses could make use of subsidy schemes provided under various initiatives by the centre for setting up food processing units in the North East.

Status of FPI and Resources available in Eastern States.

Status of Assam’s Food Processing Industry.

and is especially suitable for growing horticultural produce. The various subsidies and benefit relating to excise duty, transport, capital investment, interest on working capital and income tax extended by the government, already sets the stage for making food processing a lucrative option in northeast.

In tune with the rest of India, the food processing industry in the NER is mainly unorganized and works on a smaller scale.

Own-account enterprises hold the highest share in the unorganized sector. The huge presence of the unorganized sector can be attributed to the fact that most of the units in the unorganized sector are less capital intensive, and the easy availability of raw materials makes it more attractive for small entrepreneurs.

Potential of North East Region With its proximity to South East Asian markets, being home to diverse and exotic variety of fruits and other crops, North Eastern states could emerge as major centre of food processing industry, experts said.

"The North East is next door to the markets in ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) nations. With peace returning to the region and 10 per cent of the budget for union ministries being allocated to North East, there is immense scope for food processing industry in the

region," Indian Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Director General Rajeev Singh said.

Singh said with fruits like pineapple, kiwi, peach and plum, besides mango and banana, being abundantly cultivated in the North Eastern states, the food processing industry can emerge in a big way.

Director of Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship S K Saikia said that food processing in the region is currently dominated by bakeries and flour mills.

"There is a need for proper data collection and storage about not only fruits and vegetables, but also their diverse breeds and varieties, if the industry in North East is to emerge competitive in national and international level where issues like brand and quality control are important," he said.

• Food Processing Units: Six processing units of pineapple and orange have been set up with assistance from Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI). A food processing plant in Boko (Kamrup district) is also in the process of being set up.

• Assam alone contributes more than half of India’s tea production. The estimated production of tea in Assam was 508.7 thousand tonnes in 2011. There are more than 50000 small tea growers in Assam.

• Agri Export Zones: AEZs for fresh and processed ginger have been proposed in various parts of the state – Kamrup, Nalbari, Barpeta and Naogaon among others.

• Mega Food Parks: MoFPI has approved one Mega Food Park project in the state.

The project North East Mega Food Park Ltd is located in Nalbari district and is currently under implementation.

The food processing sector is the fifth largest industry in India and contributes around 13 per cent of the country's exports. However, in North Eastern states there are only around 7,500 small and medium size food processing units.

• Banana Parks: A banana park has been set up at Industrial Growth Centre, Matia to facilitate value addition and marketing of Banana fresh and Banana derivatives.

A Banana Export Development Centre is being set up in the state to encourage commercial cultivation of Banana and to facilitate production of fresh and processed Banana.

"There is scope for creating local demand within the region as North Eastern states have total population of 3.8 crore," Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority Chairman and member of

• Cold Chain Projects: MOFPI has sanctioned two cold chain projects in the State under its ‘Scheme for Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure’.

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34 www.agronfoodprocessing.com Resources: Assam has an abundance of natural resources which are yet to be engaged industriously. The agro-climatic condition of the State favour the growth of a variety of fruits and vegetables/ spices including orange, banana, pineapple, coconut, guava, mango, jackfruit, citrus fruits, ginger, turmeric, chillies, potatoes, etc.

Until recently, horticulture was practiced as a largely non-commercial activity.

However, with better quality planting material, sufficient research support and better know-how, the State could easily be poised for a major boom in the fruit growing and food processing industry.

apart from the above the state have achieved signal success in the cultivation of non-traditional crops like tea, cashewnut, oilseeds, tomato, mushroom, wheat, etc.

New emphasis is laid on pulses, oilseeds and cash crops. An autonomous board is set up to promote plantation crops, pioneering work done in tea cultivation, with the State having 253 small tea growers at present.

Status of Nagaland’s Food Processing Industry

Status of Meghalaya’s Food Processing Industry • Food Processing Units: According to the State Development Report (2008-09), there are 12 large and medium scale units engaged in food and food processing activities. The overall estimated investment in these units is Rs. 3831 lakh and direct employment generation is 373.

• Ministry of Food Processing Industries has not yet sanctioned any Mega Food Park and Cold Chain projects in the state.

•Scheme for Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure for Non – Horticulture Products” is being administered by Commerce and Industries Department, Govt of Meghalaya under National Mission for Food Processing.

Resource The total cropped area in the state has increased by about 42 per cent during the last twenty-five years. Besides the major food crops of rice and maize, the state is also renowned for its horticultural crops like orange, lemon, pineapple, guava, Litchi, Banana, Jack Fruits and Temperate fruits such as Plum, Pear, Peach etc.

• Food Processing Units: An export promotion investment park is located at Dimapur with focus on agro& food processing. Nagaland Food Private Limited has been established in Dimapur Industrial Estate, which specializes in bamboo shoot processing, pineapple, passion fruit and orange juice processing.

• Food Park: Under the state scheme, one food park has been sanctioned in the state.

• Under the scheme for Setting up of New/ Modernization of Existing Abattoirs of Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Nagaland has been sanctioned one Abattoirs Project so far - Dimapur Municipal Council, Dimapur. The project is completed and commercial operation has been started.

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OPPORTUNITIES IN N.E Resource base of the state Horticulture: As per the recent study taken by the Government of India, the North Eastern Region has been identified as a potential region for promotion of Horticulture because of the favourable agro-climatic conditions. At present, 42000 hectares of land is covered under horticulture crops but this area can be easily quadrupled given proper pre and post-harvest infrastructure. Food Processing Industries based on organic horticulture produce, therefore, have tremendous potential. The State has a comparative advantage in the availability of fruits such as pineapple, plum, bananas, passion fruit and citrus fruits, bamboo shoot and other exotic spices.

Introduction of appropriate technology and an efficient marketing network coupled with necessary quality control measures can lead to industrial boom.

Animal Husbandry and Meat processing: The State has high potential for diary and allied products as well as for processing of hides and skins for leather industry. At present, scientific processing of Poultry/ Piggery and other meat products is lacking in the State. Therefore, there is potential for setting up modern abattoir and other meat processing units in the State. Komul brand of dairy products have received a good market response in and outside the State. There is huge scope for production and marketing of other value added dairy products.

Status of Sikkim’s Food Processing Industry - Sikkim There are very few large processing units in the state some of which are as follows: • Sikkim Flour Mill • Temi Tea Estate • Fruit Preservation Factory

35 www.agronfoodprocessing.com • Sikkim Vanaspati Limited • Ms. CG Food India (P) Ltd – Rangpo, East Sikkim (Food Products) • Sikkim Snacks Food (P) Ltd – Rangpo, East Sikkim (Food Products) • Tripti’s Enterprises - Deorali, East Sikkim, Bakery Products Presently, there are only few units which have FPO licence: • Government Fruit Preservation Factory, Singtam, East Sikkim- It is manufacturing Juices of orange, pine apple, passion fruit along with pickles, marmalade and canned products.

• High Altitude Spice, Ravangla, South Sikkim • Alpine cheese Factory, Dentam, West Sikkim- It manufactures dairy products such as cheese and milk.

Resources Agriculture and allied sectors contributed 25.2 per cent to the GSDP of Sikkim. State enjoys a monopoly in the production of large cardamom production, contributing 85 per cent of the total produce in the country.

Sikkim has a suitable climate for agricultural and horticultural products.

It supports multiple crops, viz., rice, maize, millet, barley, urad, pea, soya bean, mustard, potato, sweet potato, tea, mandarin orange, banana, jackfruit, papaya, passion-fruit, litchi, broccoli, onion, eggplant, carrot, tomato, radish, pumpkin, potato, sweet potato, turmeric, coriander, chilly, ginger and garlic.

Status of Arunachal Pradesh’s Food Processing Industry The levy and collection of taxes by the state government is governed by the Arunachal Goods Tax Act, adopted in 2005 and Arunachal Pradesh Entry Tax Act, 2010. Taxation rates range from 0% to 20% for different kinds of goods. Entry tax is a tax levied on all importers, (both dealers and consumers) so long as the value of goods imported is more than Rs. 10,000. This entry tax levied is fully VATable, i.e., a dealer making resale of such goods or use of such goods in his business can claim full tax credit of entry tax paid.

OPPORTUNITIES IN N.E

Status of Manipur’s Food Processing Industry • Food Processing Units: The state government supports the development of food processing sector by taking up projects under central sector schemes.

Some of the projects that are in pipeline are establishment of food processing training centre (Single line), establishment of regional extension service centre, modernization of rice huller mills (1200 no’s), installation of oil mills, setting up of food processing units, establishment of food park at Nilakuthi, establishment of quality control lab etc.

• Food Park: A food park with a project cost of Rs. 3172.40 lakh has been established at Nilakuthi, Imphal East District, Manipur.

• Cold Chain Projects: Under the Scheme for Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) has approved one cold chain project in the state.

Resources In view of the resource endowment, markets and entrepreneurship available in this state, there is good potential for setting up of food processing units in the proposed food park in Imphal. A variety of food processing units could be set up in such a food park as indicated below: Food grain based units like Mini dal mill for pulses, mini grain mill for maize. Rice flakes. Puffed cereals and Bakery units; Fruit & Vegetable based units like Jams, Jellies, Ketchups, Sauce, RTS (Ready to Serve) beverages.

Pickles & Chutneys, dehydration units.

Canning

and

Mushroom production units.

Spice powders & Oleoresin units for chillies, turmeric, ginger.

Status of Mizoram’s Food Processing Industry • Agri Export Zones: APEDA has not

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notified any AEZs in Mizoram.

• Mega Food Parks (under Mega Food Parks Scheme): Under this scheme, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) has accorded Final Approval to set up a Mega Food Park project in Aizawl district.

• Cold Chain Projects: MoFPI has sanctioned two integrated cold chain projects in the state under the “Scheme for Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure”.

• Under the scheme for Setting up of New/ Modernization of Existing Abattoirs of Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Mizoram has been sanctioned one Abattoirs Project so far - Industry Department & MIFCO, Govt. of Mizoram approved by the Approval Committee, commercial operations are expected to commence shortly.

Resources Maize, rice are the main food crops.

Cash crops are sugarcane, tapioca, ginger and cotton. The state has a considerable cultivation of fruit. orange, lemon, kagzi lime, passion fruits, hatkora, jamir, pineapple and papaya are the main horticulture crops. The state is even rich in fisheries.

Status of Tripura’s Food Processing Industry • Food Park: A modern food park has been set up at Bodhjungnagar. The total area of the park is 30 acres, out of which 20 acres have been earmarked for individual private units.

• Mega Food Parks (under Mega Food Parks Scheme): A Mega Food Park (MFP) has been approved by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) in the state, which is being implemented by a project SPV of private entrepreneurs.

The state government has made available about 50 acres of land at Tulukona (near Agartala) for this project.

• Food Processing Industry in Tripura

36 www.agronfoodprocessing.com would go very far considering the potential in the state. In addition to the existing units, recently some new units have come up in the food processing sector for modern rice milling, dairy processing and biscuits.

Resources Fruits and vegetables have good marketing scope in this region if properly harvested, processed and packaged.

Banana, pineapple, orange, papaya, lemon, potato, sweet potato, tapioca, chilies, turmeric, onion, ginger, bamboo shoot and jack fruit as having good scope in the region. “The food processing industry, especially agro-horticultural based, has been identified as a thrust area of development in this region.

Government policies/ scheme Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) has been implementing Central sector schemes in the country including North-East for providing modern infrastructure for food processing industries. The schemes are mega food parks, cold chain, value addition and preservation infrastructure, modernisation of abattoirs and quality assurance, Codex, R&D and other promotional activities during 12th Plan. In addition, ministry had also launched a Centrally-sponsored Scheme - National Mission on Food Processing (NMFP) in the country including in North-East during the 12th

Five Year Plan. This initiative is meant to augment the capacity of the food processors for up-scaling their operations by adoption of new technologies.

Aiming to boost farm incomes of eastern states the government is planning launch a scheme with financial grant to set up food processing capacities and expand existing units to increase processing level and value addition.

OPPORTUNITIES IN N.E wholesome development of the NorthEast Region and to link farmers with modern technology driven agricultural practices and also to accelerate the pace of developmental projects in this region.

The North Eastern Region holds lot of potential for food processing as the weather and adequate availability of water are conducive to food cultivation and suitable for growing large variety of fruits and vegetables.

The scheme envisages financial assistance to food processing units in form of grantin-aid. It proposes to provide 35 per cent of the eligible project cost subject to a maximum of Rs 5 crore in general areas and 50 per cent of the eligible project cost subject to a maximum of Rs 5 crore in north eastern states including Sikkim, Himalayan states, island areas and ITDP areas.

Badal informed that the Ministry of Food Processing Industries is pursuing development of North East through its schemes of Mega Food Park, Cold Chain, Abattoir and development of Food Testing Laboratories. As a step in this direction, 3 Mega Food Parks have been sanctioned for this region, one each in Assam (which has been made operational), Mizoram and in Tripura. 5 Cold Chain projects have also been sanctioned by the Ministry in the States of Assam, Manipur, Mizoram which have a capacity of 11500 MT of cold storage, 0.75 MT/per Hr of IQF capacity and 68 Reefer Trucks, 8 Abattoirs projects have also been sanctioned in North East states of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim which are aimed at establishing modern Abattoirs and ensuring hygienic and scientific meat processing. The Minister also informed that the Ministry of Food Processing Industries has sanctioned 6 Food Testing Labs in the States of Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura for creating infrastructure for food safety and quality testing.

Areas eligible under this scheme include fruits & vegetable processing, milk processing, meat/poultry/fish processing; ready-to-eat/ready-to-cook food products, breakfast cereals, snacks and other food products; flour/pulse oil milling; rice milling only in eastern and north eastern states.

The Minister informed that the FPI Ministry has taken up the issue of allowing 100% FDI in Multi Brand Retail for such food which is produced by the Indian farmers and food products that are manufactured in India. She also said that consultations with the stakeholders are being done on this issue. She informed that this would be a revolutionary step towards modernization of old kirana into modern food retail and providing fair remuneration to farmers.

Union Minister Food Processing Industries Harsimrat Kaur Badal stated that the North-Eastern states are rich in resources and the NDA Government is committed to addressing the issue of development of North East and therefore, the focus of Prime Minister is to ensure

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

Badal urged the entrepreneurs to come forward to set up food processing industries in the North Eastern and make

36 www.agronfoodprocessing.com use of financial assistance provided by the Government which will usher in a new era of higher income to farmers, employment generation to the youth of this region as well as help in creating necessary infrastructure for the NorthEastern Region.

Meanwhile, Secretary to the MOFPI, Avinash K Srivastava, recently visited Assam to take stock of the various aspects of the food processing sector.

He held a discussion with senior officials regarding promotion of the food processing sector in the State in the office chamber of KK Mittal, Additional Chief Secretary and Agricultural Production Commissioner.

The Union Secretary said that a road show on food processing will be organised by the Ministry in Guwahati to create awareness about the potentialities in the sector in the North East.

Dairy Companies to mark their entry in North East Chief Minister Sarananda Sonowal informed that Assam government has decided to invest Rs 1.20 crore in each of the 25000 villages in state under Chief Minister’s Samagra Gramin Unnayan Yojana as “One of the priority schemes of the government will be to develop the dairy sector”.

Referring to the Prime Minister’s development initiative towards the North-East, Sonowal said Narendra Modi has announced to turn the region into an organic hub.

Meanwhile, domestic dairy producers are chalking out plans to widen their footprints in the north eastern states, encouraged by the region's wet climate which is considered favourable for setting up dairy farms and processing units.

Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), which sells its products under the 'Amul' brand, and Hyderabad-based private dairy firm Dodla Dairy are among those preparing

to enter this market, where National Dairy Development Board-backed Mother Dairy and cigarettes-to-consumer goods giant ITC have been selling dairy whiteners for some time now.

"Northeast is a potential market for us and we will be sourcing our milk requirements locally to connect the farmers to the market," said RS Sodhi, Managing Director of GCMMF. "If required, we will be sourcing our milk requirements from our existing channels."

Amul has said it will invest Rs 3,000 crore on expansion and proposes to enter the Assam market through third-party manufacturing arrangement, where the partner will supply milk to processors in Assam and the diary giant will market it.

OPPORTUNITIES IN N.E highly unorganised and inefficient.

It is also established that the development of food processing sector in NER is hindered due to lack of infrastructure facilities like poor connectivity with national and international market, inadequate supply chain and poor power supply.

The food processing industry has been recognized as a thrust area by all state governments of NER; however there has been no proper policy making body or department in any of the state which looks into the prospect of this sector.

All the states cover food processing policy in their industrial policy segment, which leads to generalization of policies.

Also vying for a share of the market is FMCG firm Dharampal Satyapal Group (DS Group), which is ramping up its dairy business in the region with Rs 30-crore dairy facility in Assam.

Therefore, in the way central government has a separate ministry for food processing sector, the state government should also come up with separate department or ministry for the food processing industry.

Rabobank's analyst Shiva Mudgil said, "Northeast region market is still untapped and can become a potential business opportunity for dairy companies in the medium term.

There are numerous players in this industry, from producers to entrepreneurs, workers to sellers, and all of them need attention.

Apart from milk powder and UHT milk, there are modest growth prospects for value-added dairy products like cheese, ice cream. So far, this milk-deficit region has been largely serviced from other states. Lower milk production in this region has been a major deterrent for investments in procurement and processing in N-E states."

The dairy market in the seven north eastern states is dominated by small-time cooperatives. There are approximately five to eight dairy players in the region, including cooperatives and private players.

Key Issues and Challenges It is observed that although Central Government and various other state governments have come out with various policies and schemes for the development of sector in the region, still the sector is

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From the view point of producers, the difficult terrain of region does not allow large scale farming, and the reliance on traditional methods leads to low productivity. The government need to find appropriate farm management practices that will ensure high productivity while preserving environmental services.

Organic or low external input farming can be a way out, and the large areas of fallow land can be used to increase area under cultivation. The government also needs to promote business development services in the region.

There is huge presence of educated unemployed youth in the north-east. To enable these youths to start their own ventures the states can provide financial support and incubation. In this scheme, organizations like the FICCI and CII can also play a major role.

38 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

The GM crops,

the Government and the Population VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

CONTROVERSY

T

here will be 1.8 billion Indians by 2050. GM crops are one of the options available to deal with climate change and population growth.

GM crops aren't 'the' answer to climate change but they are one of the answers., one of the armaments that we can use facing the issues of climate change, population growth, to deal with food

39 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

CONTROVERSY to better understand the importance of plant genetics to develop stronger crops.

By identifying crops with desired traits such as better nutritional characteristics or greater tolerance to drought and using selective breeding, they began developing improved plants that were more resilient and capable of producing greater yields.

In the last few decades, research conducted in the laboratory has also assisted plant breeding greatly, where agri-scientists work to identify specific genes responsible for traits that make crops are tolerant to a specific category of pests, herbicides, tolerant to drought, flooding, etc. Once the genes carrying the beneficial traits have been identified, they are isolated and then inserted into the plant. The new plant undergoes years of testing and regulatory approvals before being introduced into farms.

Thus Genetic modification in crops involves altering a seed’s DNA in order to increase its resistance to pests and insects.

These changes can mean a huge boost to productivity and overall food supply. In the West, GM foods are fairly common; the US, for instance, cultivates eight crops using this technology. ‘’This is the world of modern crop biotechnology, the outcome of which is commonly referred to as genetically modified (GM) crops, biotech or transgenic crops’’

security and hunger we need a worldwide collaboration. It is also important to make sure that food from genetically engineered plants must be as safe as food from conventional plant sources. We have to ensure nutrients are the same. All foods also have anti-nutrients. We make sure anti-nutrients do not increase in the final product. Food from genetically

engineered plants must be as safe as food from conventional plants. We have to ensure nutrients are the same. All foods also have anti nutrients. We make sure anti-nutrients do not increase in the final product.

Over the past 150 years, researchers have built on the earliest farmers’ knowledge

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

For the past 17 years, millions of farmers in approximately 30 countries have grown 1.7 billion hectares of GM crops. These have enabled farmers improve incomes and help meet rising food demand as populations grow. Bt technology has helped India to treble its cotton output and has generated economic benefits for farmers valued at $5.1 billion.

But should we leave it at one product?

The government, the industry and agriresearch institutions don’t think so. Indian scientists have been working on several crops such as brinjal, maize, rice, mustard and cotton.

The scourge of climate change is already

40 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

CONTROVERSY import pulses and even cultivate foreign farmlands to plug the demand-supply gap.

Make our own crops Genetic modification could make such drastic measures unnecessary. For example, there is research being done on genetic modification technologies that can help crops survive longer even in a drought season.”

Kiran Sharma, a biologist with the nonprofit International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, has developed a new form of pigeon pea that will be pest-resistant; he predicts it can increase output by 30%. These legumes, commonly known as tur dal, form an integral part of the Indian diet.

affecting agriculture as we know it and the farmer can be fortified by agribiotechnology. New products of GM crops can tackle a broader range of pests, prolong the life of products and manage drought or water-stressed conditions.

But then many often question the safety of GM crops but it is important to note that 20 years of consumption of food derived from the products of GM crops across the world has not led to a single illness anywhere.

India like most other countries follows some of the most stringent regulatory processes before licensing GM crops for cultivation. It’s about time we gave science its fair due. ‘’There’s a food crisis looming over India’’ Farmers in India currently lose some Rs 50,000 crore ($5 billion) every year to pests and diseases. Droughts, coupled with a lack of irrigation facilities, are exacerbating the problem.

Prices for pulses—a category of grains that includes lentils and chickpeas, which are staples for Indians have been rising lately. The situation may only worsen as the United Nations estimates that the country’s population, currently at 1.2 billion, will reach 1.8 billion by 2050.

As said scientists already have a solution:

genetically modified (GM) crops that can withstand pests and droughts. But before they can get these super plants into farmers’ hands, they will have to convince Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government about the safety and cost-effectiveness of this variety.

In India, there’s just one: Bt cotton.

Bt stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium that naturally produces a protein—a biological pesticide that kills the common crop pest bollworm. It was approved for use in India in 2002, and since then has helped make the country the second-largest cotton manufacturer in the world. Today, GM seeds account for over 90% of cotton sown in India.

However, in 2015, GM cotton plants in the northern Indian states of Punjab and Haryana suffered an attack of the whitefly pest. The losses were massive.

Farmer unions and experts even blamed the financial devastation for the increased farmer suicides in these areas.

This episode has created a strong sense of negativity towards GM foods in India. Experts, however, say adopting technology that will lead to higher crop productivity is essential to feeding the growing Indian population.

Currently, a food supply deficit is pushing prices up and India has been forced to

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

“If you want to increase the productivity of the pigeon pea then genetic engineering is the only way of doing it.”

Perhaps the most promising GM crop is hybrid mustard that yields 25-30% more than the original seed. It was developed by a team of scientists of Delhi University.

Mustard is used to make one of the most popular edible oils in India.

The GM mustard seed could be a huge money saver and lower the country’s dependence on edible oil imports. In 2015, India imported 14.5 million tonnesof it

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CONTROVERSY GM cotton crops recently.”RSS is a Hindu nationalist group and also the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party’s ideological fountainhead.

Another issue is cost that the skeptics use as a weapon is “Farmers buy the Bt cotton seeds, and the costs of the pesticides which they buy from the same companies are probably tenfold of what they used to pay.

So it’s creating a system of dependency.

It is a deliberate idea of increasing costs and increasing royalties—there is no intention of reducing those costs through economies of scale.

worth over $10 billion.

But the genetic engineering approval committee (GEAC), the Indian government agency responsible for approving the commercial release of GM crops, hasn’t approved the new seed as it is unsure about the possible public health and environmental impact of GM crops.

Converting science to politics The WHO guidelines states that, GM foods currently available on the international market have passed safety assessments and are not likely to present risks for human health. In addition, no effects on human health have been shown as a result of the consumption of such foods by the general population in the countries where they have been approved,” the guidelines say. ‘’The World Health Organization (WHO) has generally given GM crops great marks’’ According to WHO, there’s no way to make a broad statement on the health effect of GM foods; each individual product needs to be tested for safety.

Modi is well-known to have supported Bt cotton during his tenure as Chief Minister of the western Indian state of Gujarat. He also resumed field trials which were stuck in a limbo in India since 2010 due to an unofficial suspension. The government

currently is evaluating individual reports on certain crops (including the GM mustard seed), but there is no umbrella policy in place yet.

However, in India, some environmentalists have called GM crops “toxic” and hazardous to health. Some have expressed concerns their consumption could “transfer antibiotic resistance, toxicity, and allergenicity.” They argue that since genetic modification is a pretty recent technology, the effects of prolonged consumption of GM foods on human health aren’t known.

There may be a political hue to the debate in India: staunch Hindu nationalist organizations typically oppose the use of the technology, perceiving it as foreign.

In January, the national general secretary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh’s (RSS) farmers said,“We’ll make people aware of the ill effects, especially after pest attacks devastated

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

But do they know that the Indian government has capped the prices of these seeds. So while there is high productivity, overall costs for farmers, too, have increased.

It’s not certain that Bt cotton’s pricing issues would necessarily apply to other GM crops. A key thing to understand about GM crop technologies is that they really need to be assessed on a case-bycase basis. It makes a difference if you are talking about a cash crop like cotton or a food crop such as brinjal, or a trait such as insect resistance or one such as herbicide tolerance.”

China as an exemplary One possible solution for the Indian government is to form an autonomous regulator. And the GEAC is a part of the

41 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

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43 www.agronfoodprocessing.com It is a deliberate idea of increasing costs and increasing royalties—there is no intention of reducing those costs through economies of scale.

But do they know that the Indian government has capped the prices of these seeds. So while there is high productivity, overall costs for farmers, too, have increased.

It’s not certain that Bt cotton’s pricing issues would necessarily apply to other GM crops. A key thing to understand about GM crop technologies is that they really need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. It makes a difference if you are talking about a cash crop like cotton or a food crop such as brinjal, or a trait such as insect resistance or one such as herbicide tolerance.”

China as an exemplary One possible solution for the Indian government is to form an autonomous regulator.

And the GEAC is a part of the ministry of environment and forests, and isn’t “entirely independent” The review committee on genetic manipulation, which authorizes research on GM crops, is part of the department of biotechnology whose mandate is to promote the growth of the biotech industry in India—a clear conflict of interest.

India could also look at China as an example. Both countries face similar food security challenges with exponential population growth. China, though, has been using GM crops for the last two decades. Today, with just 7% of the global arable land, China feeds 22% of the world’s population. Such a boost is needed in India on an immediate basis.

“India now doesn’t have the luxury to sit on the issue of GM, it just needs to take this bold and decisive step.”

Oil & food insight 2016 is the United Nations’ Year of Pulses. It holds great importance for India, where pulses — the edible seeds of certain leguminous plants, including peas, beans and lentils are key, traditional sources of nutrition. But many of these staple foods are going beyond the reach of many Indians due to rising prices fuelled by declining domestic production and record imports.

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CONTROVERSY

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CONTROVERSY last December’s governmental price controls on cotton seeds — a particular setback to producers of high-quality but more expensive “genetically modified”

‘’India has a billion mouths to feed and can ill-afford to be food-insecure. Sound public policy especially regulatory policy is essential’’ As food productivity and nutrition have been declining in India over recent decades, the issues surrounding food security have not received sufficient attention from the Indian government.

Perhaps the bureaucrats have forgotten the importance of India to the Green Revolution in the 1960s. In 1963, Indian wheat grew in sparse, irregular strands, was harvested by hand, and was susceptible to rust disease.

The maximum yield was 800 pounds (one pound=454 g) per acre. By 1968, thanks to the new varieties created by Dr Norman Borlaug, the wheat grew densely packed, were resistant to rust, and the maximum yield had risen to 6,000 pounds per acre.

While India’s scientific community has been working on technologies to advance domestic agriculture, policymakers have been timid and inept and have blocked the maturation of new products and technologies.

The present Indian government has focused on marketing the country as a destination of immense business potential, economic progress and prosperity. Among its many stated goals was ushering in a more business-friendly climate, which is why

(GM) seeds is inexplicable.

In addition, the government also intends to dictate the free-market arrangements between a technology licensor and a licensee, which is unheard of.

GM crops, which are the culmination of a centuries-old seamless continuum of techniques for the genetic improvement of crops, have been proven to be effective and have not posed any sort of novel uncertainty or problems. There is no evidence that they require any sort of special regulation.

The year 2016 is also significant in commemorating two decades of introduction of GM crop technology.

As of 2012, such crop varietieshad been cultivated on more than 1.5 billion hectares by more than 17 million farmers in some 30 countries without disrupting a single ecosystem or causing so much as a stomachache.

Worldwide, these new varieties have provided “very significant net economic benefits at the farm level, amounting to $18.8 billion in 2012 and $116.6 billion” from 1996 to 2012, according to an analysis by economists Graham Brookes and Peter Barfoot.

It takes 10-12 years on average to bring any new crop

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biotechnology from the research labs to commercialization. With such long gestation periods, the industry cannot survive in perennial uncertainty over whether their research will eventually culminate in commercial products.

India’s farmers are yearning for innovative technologies to boost their yields, provide resilience against pests, drought and other challenges, and enhance their income.

However, uncertain regulatory policy and other sorts of governmental interference will not only lead to the flight of much-needed capital for research and development in agriculture, but also a brain-drain of promising and talented intellectual capital. Prolonged regulatory impasses and pandering to special interests represent a dereliction of duty. ‘’India’s government must not deprive its citizens of such benefit’’ According to government figures, India’s food import bills have been rising and unprecedented.

The government needs to act responsibly, by allowing science and rational thinking to prevail in public policy. It must play an active role in setting up clear guidelines for field trials and commercial approval of new crop varieties and adhere to them.

Uncertainty is anathema to research and development. ‘’India needs to surge on these endeavors, but I must add an observation of French microbiologist Louis Pasteur that “luck favors only the prepared mind”

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COMING CHALLENGE

Global population growth to create food crisis

T

he Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has reported that, the global population is expected to increase by around 2.3 billion people by 2050, standing at around 7.3 billion in 2016.

The worldwide populace has been

expanding briskly for many years, due to a number of factors, such as advanced maternity and health care. However, the rise brings with it a number of challenges around global sustainability, including the need for more food. As an essential resource, the supply of food is a major apprehension across all countries, but

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with any resource is dependent on growers, suppliers and distributors to bring it to market.

Although if believing the statistics this is a gentler rate of growth than the one seen over the past 40 years, it is still a 30 per cent increase in the number of people

46 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

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COMING CHALLENGE This rapid increase and the associated challenges will place additional stress on food production.

The cost of doubling production in the developing world alone will require investment of almost $100 billion per year, not including any infrastructure that will be required to implement and support it.

A further problem will be increasing agricultural activity even though global governments are trying to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions – something the production and distribution of food has contributed too significantly in the past.

to be fed. Therefore, the amount of food that will need to be processed will rise by almost 70 per cent and 100 per cent in the developing world which will mean increased supply of several products to help cope with the demand.

Annual production of cereal will need to grow by almost one billion tons, and meat production by over 200 million tons, to a total of 470 million tons in 2050. 72 per cent of this will take place in developing countries, up from 58 per cent today.

Additional aspects The Population Institute estimates that a 70 per cent increase in food production will also have to take into account increase in energy prices, as well as factors such as the groundwater depletion, the loss of farmland to urbanization, and potential flooding and droughts caused by climate change.

Manifold challenges A multi-targeted tactic will be prerequisite to help overcome the many challenges.

This will include looking at how new approaches to food production and changes to the supply chain can boost efficiency. The FAO believes there is potential to increase crop yields, with technology playing a major role in helping to boost production efficiency.

The organization believes that having social and economic incentives in place will create more certainty over actual yield volumes and what is capable of being produced. Fears over a flattening out of yield volumes may be misplaced.

In addition to the size of the yield, boosting quality will also be a key aim for producers, as they try to improve processing capacity and availability.

Meeting the needs of a rapidly expanding global population will require the production of food that meets safety

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

standards.

The effect of urbanization must also be taken into account. A report from the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) suggests that rural-urban migration will continue to increase during the coming decades.

This growth will subsequently reduce farm labor availability in many countries and put pressure on supply chains. According to the CGIAR, this effect will require the development and use of technologies and production systems that increase inputuse efficiency in agriculture.

Such approaches will contribute to global food and nutrition security while safeguarding the natural resource base and taking into account local, economic and social dynamics, as well as human and environmental health.

Balancing quality and quantity As food safety standards rise and end-user tastes and demands change, quality will be a key issue. One of the main aims for food businesses will be how to achieve the balance of quality and quantity.

The investment needed to achieve these aims will also be a key subject for producers, particularly as the Population Institute says that meeting rising demand will come at a great cost.

Suppliers, distributors need to be updated with changes. This will mean ensuring food requirements are met, and that investment in future supply is adequate.

This investment extends to technology, which is playing a very important role in helping the industry to increase food production without compromising quality.Ideas and new technology have moved faster than population growth for centuries, helping to ensure people and business around the globe can keep up the pace with an ever-changing world.

New innovations will continue to maintain this balance by boosting food production and distribution efficiency in the years ahead.

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Effect of food processing methods on packaging options VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

FOOD PACKAGING

C

onsumers increasingly demand a safe food supply without sacrificing nutritional content, quality or shelf life of foods they buy. Luckily, many food processing methods are adjusting their operations accordingly. But how do these processing improvements change the product’s packaging requirements?

Primarily, the selection of the processing technology depends on the food. Critical properties are pH, moisture content, phase (solid, semi-solid, liquid with particulates, liquid) and heat stability.

Next, the targeted agent to eliminate (such as microorganism, spore or undesirable enzyme) is specified. Their acceptable risk levels in foods depend on safety

49 www.agronfoodprocessing.com regulations. The intended shelf-life is important, as well as the environment in which food will be stored (such as room temperature for two years, or refrigeration with an expected shelf life of one month).

Then, the preservation of nutrients and quality, and economic viability are considered. ‘’Selection of packaging is an integral part of this process’’ Therefore, the packaging implications according to the types of food depending on whether it is thermal and non-thermal processing methods: • Retort processing; • Aseptic processing; • Microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS); • High- and ultra-high-pressure processing (HPP / UHP); and • High-intensity light pulse (HILP).

THERMAL METHODS In thermal processing, the objective is to increase the temperature of the food to reduce the target agent (typically microorganisms or their spores) to an acceptable level. However, nutrients and quality factors are also reduced by heat, at different rates. Blanching, pasteurization and sterilization can be selected depending on the intended severity of heating.

The faster the cold point of food reaches the desired process temperature and the faster it is cooled to ambient temperature, the shorter the overall process, with better nutrient and quality retention. ‘’The cost of thermal processing is generally lower than non-thermal methods’’ Retorting Retorting can be applied for pasteurization (elimination of vegetative pathogenic microorganisms) requiring refrigeration and limited shelf life (such as two months) or sterilization (reduction of heat-resistant spores to acceptable levels, resulting in long shelf-life, such as two years at room temperature).This method can be applied to solids, semi-solids, liquids with particulates or liquids.

Packaging implications: The packaging

material must resist temperature and mild pressure without changing barrier properties and without interacting with the food. Metal or plastic cans, glass containers, plastic or metallized pouches, and trays are recommended.

Since the food is packaged prior to processing, the chance of recontamination is much reduced. Thermal

FOOD PACKAGING the product needs to be placed in appropriate containers and sealed, in a sterile environment. The packaging material must be formed, and sterilized, within this environment (using chemicals and/or light sources) before filling.

Rectangular cartons, commonly used in aseptic packaging, allow significant improvements in space savings in warehouses and in shipping, compared to

processing has been used for more than a century; therefore the technology, know-how and experience exist. Precise methods to calculate safety and reduction in nutrients and quality attributes are known. Optimization of the process for time and temperature, for the heating medium and mechanical agitation are available. Depending on the food, though nutrients and quality attributes can be significantly reduced.

rigid containers such as bottles, because they are formed from rollstock, which requires a fraction of storage space versus formed packs.

Retort processing technology continues than out.

Microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) Microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) allows in-container processing of foods with rapid heating, and therefore better nutrient and quality preservation compared with traditional retorting.

Water is used as the heating medium, in combination with the direct exposure of the packaged food to microwaves.

Aseptic processing/packaging Aseptic processing is limited to foods that can be pumped through heat exchangers, and can be used for pasteurization or sterilization. This is also a mature technology, similar to retorting. Since heating and cooling of the product can be accomplished faster, better quality products are obtained.

Packaging implications: After processing,

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With today's short runs, aseptic packaging systems need to be flexible in the package styles they can handle. This Tetra Pak A3/ Flex machine, for example, uses servo motors on the jaws to speed changeover between different packages.

The presence of water eliminates the nonuniform heating and edge overheating effects of the traditional microwave

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heating. The frequency used is 915 MHz instead of the 2450 MHz used in home microwave ovens. This allows better penetration and more uniform heating.

non-thermally process foods.

This means that microorganisms and undesired enzymes can be inactivated without heating the food.

Ultra-high pressure (UHP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), pulsed magnetic fields, dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD), high intensity light pulses (HILP) and other technologies have been developed.

Packaging implications: Since microwaves are used, the packaging material should be transparent to the frequency used. The requirements of minimal or no food-package interactions also apply in this method.

High- and ultra-high-pressure processing (HPP / UHP) In ultra-high pressure (UHP), typically, foods are packaged, then placed in a high-pressure vessel (imagine the barrel of a cannon). The container is filled with a working fluid (typically water), and pressurized to the process pressure (usually 200 to 1,000 MegaPascal/MPa or about 28,993 to 145,023 pounds per square inch/psi). As a comparison, the pressure at the deepest point in the ocean is 109 MPa. After about five minutes, the pressure is reduced, and the packages are removed from the high-pressure vessel.

MATS can reduce processing times from one-quarter to one-tenth of the time required for conventional sterilization.

However, for non-homogeneous foods, the prediction of the cold point and the development of the thermal process schedule are challenging.

Solids without porosity, semi-solids, liquids with particles and liquids can be processed with UHP. If there are air pockets or pores in the food, pressure will eliminate these pores, and the food will shrink/deform.

Microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) heats the outside of packaged food with hot water while also zapping the food internally with microwaves at a frequency of 915 megahertz. In this process, the food is sterilized quickly and yet rapidly cools down to reduce heat damage.

High pressure inactivates mostly the vegetative cell of microorganisms.

To inactivate microbial spores, temperatures around a minimum of 185-deg F. are required. Although this is heating, when compared to the nearly 220-deg F. temperature required in traditional thermal processing, the loss of nutrients and quality attributes is much less.

Solids, semi-solids, particulates in liquids and liquid foods can be processed.

Typically, high-barrier plastic pouches, trays and lidding are used as packaging materials (such as ethylene vinyl alcohol or EVOH).

Newer, Non-Thermal Methods Since heating may reduce the nutrient content and the quality of the food, several new methods have been developed to

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FOOD PACKAGING Some of the undesirable enzymes are not reduced by UHP; indeed, some enzymes increase in activity. Residual enzymes are harmful to the quality and shelf-life of foods treated by UHP. During compression the temperature increases by about 5.4-deg F. for every 100 MPa. Therefore, excessive heating must be avoided by controlling pressurization rate. For example, if the product starts at room temperature (68-deg F.), increasing the pressure to 700 MPa will also increase the temperature by about 70deg F, resulting a product temperature of 106-deg F. Upon depressurization, the temperature is reduced by 70-deg F. This instantaneous increase/decrease of temperature by pressure can be used in a combination of heating and UHP method called pressure-assisted thermal sterilization (PATS). The timeto-sterilization of the process, as well as cooling time, can be much reduced by PATS, resulting in less loss of nutrients and quality attributes.

Packaging implications: Since highmoisture foods compress significantly (10% to 20%) under pressure, the packaging material and design must accommodate this temporary shrinkage during processing. Therefore, hard-sided packages (such as metal cans or glass bottles) are not appropriate. Flexible packages, such as plastic pouches or bottles that flex up to 15% on any one

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FOOD PACKAGING pressure vessel is being filled, another is being pressurized and yet another is being emptied.

surface, can be used.

However, UHP may disrupt flexible laminations: Blistering of foil laminations has been observed. Barrier properties of packaging materials may be altered. The capacity for absorbing flavor compounds from food (scalping) may decrease.

Significant increases in the permeability of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor were observed in metallized polyester (PET) films after a highpressure treatment.

UHP is a commercial technology, with an increasing accumulation of data and know-how about its applications.

Since the effects of isostatic pressure instantaneously apply at all points of the food without regard to size or shape, this allows for much flexibility in the choice of containers. Multi-faceted containers (hexagons) increase packing into cylindrical pressure vessels, and improve the economics of the operation.

Two points need to be considered for the application of UHP. First, the initial equipment costs of UHP are high due to pressure. For example, to pressurize 450 liters of high-pressure vessel to 600 MPa requires a significant wall thickness.

Also, muscle proteins tend to denature

by UHP, resulting in increased toughness and change in the color of muscle tissue.

Production time is also a consideration.

If the food is pre-packaged (which it usually is), then the UHP will be applied batch-wise. For liquids, semi-batch operations are possible: While one high-

High-pressure processing (HPP) systems, such as this HPP 55 system from Multivac, protect food quality by using pressure rather than heat to kill microorganisms.

High-intensity light pulse (HILP) High-intensity light pulse (HILP) is an emerging non-thermal technology for microbial inactivation on the surfaces of foods and packaging materials.

Intense, very short duration pulses of white light (200 to 1,100 nanometer/ nm) can inactivate both vegetative cells and spores. The intensity of the light (measured as joules/cm2),as well as the ultraviolet (UV) component (UV-C, 200 to 280 nm) of the light spectrum, contribute to the lethal effect.

The susceptibility of microorganisms to HILP in decreasing order is: Gramnegative bacteria, Gram-positive bacterial and fungal spores. UV absorption by DNA and its disruption is the primary cause of inactivation.

There are reports of enzyme inactivation

by HILP in clear liquids, but the restriction to surface treatment in solids renders this method ineffective for enzyme inactivation in most foods.

Packaging implications: If surfaces of the inpackage food are to be treated, the packaging material must be transparent to UV light.

HILP is superior to chemical sterilization of package surfaces,

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

such as by hydrogen peroxide or per acetic acid, because it does not leave any undesirable chemical residue. Pulsing of the light (instead of continuous light) reduces heating of the sample.

Wavelengths that produce undesirable attributes can be eliminated by filtering.

There are specific advantages in certain foods. For example, UV treatment of grapes increases resveratrol, a desirable component, by 10-folds.

HILP is effective only at surfaces, and in clear liquids. Data on kinetics of inactivation of different microorganisms at different conditions is being accumulated.

The effect on nutritional components or the formation of undesirable chemicals has not been studied (UV is known to promote the oxidation of unsaturated lipids). “Shadowing” is the lack of uniform treatment due to surface irregularities of the food. Methods need to be applied to treat all surfaces of the food. Short UV light can generate ozone, which has regulations and limits regarding worker exposure.

A dry sterilization method, high-intensity pulsed light (HILP) sanitizes packages without water or chemicals and is billed by provider Claranor as a "sustainable" process. ‘’Having a better understanding of what happens to your packaging during processing enables you to make better material choices to make sure you deliver the best tasting, healthiest and safest food to today’s discerning consumers’’

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Indian Food Processing Industry An Opportunity for Professional in a big way The Indian food processing in growing day by day with a CGAR of almost 11% the industry is expecting to touch US$ 482 billion by 2020. Along with this due to inadequate system, the food loss of country is steadily growing. According to the recent surveys made by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) country’s pre and post-harvest

loss reaches the Everest of almost one lakh crores. Union Minister for MOFPI Harsimrat Kaur Badal urged the nation must prevent that loss to ensure a better livelihood for millions of people. “For that to happen, we need more crop and food technologists,” she said.

Expressing the importance of bridging

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GRADUATE REQUIRED

academia, research, technology and industry for a holistic development of the nation Union Minister stated that around 5,300 food technologists, including 2,300 postgraduates were passing out every year at present. Badal said there was enough demand for more than one lakh graduates to stem the pilferage and loss of foodgrains and crop that was bleeding the rural economy. Such a large number of graduates would propel India into a pre-eminent position at the global level in the food grains production sphere, she believes.

Industry experts feels that though India had made rapid strides in the fields of engineering, electronics, technology, space science and atomic spheres, the aim of food for all remained a distant dream.

Experts said that after achieving self-

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GRADUATE REQUIRED This gap needs to be bridged by finding the right balance between applied research, capacity building, training and development of policy and regulatory frameworks, ensuring a strong, publicprivate partnership, identifying additional resources to support the initiative and by making technologies more accessible to the workers.

sufficiency in food grains production, the demand for food processing technology graduates was increasing constantly.

“New graduates could make use of the situation and country may come out of the problem of food loss”, they said.

Currently Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology (IICPT) and National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) are providing world class -training on different food processing technologies, renting facilities and other supports are offered all throughout the year to help the entrepreneurs to put in their innovative ideas for the development of new products. Institutes also offers B.Tech., M.Tech. and Ph.D. programs in Food Process Engineering and in Food Science and Technology. Along with this, there are number of universities and institutes which are providing graduation and post-graduation courses in food technology.

Lack of adequate trained manpower: From 2010 to 2015, there was high growth recorded in the Indian food industry, from USD 181 billion to USD 258 billion with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11 %. Going forward, the Indian domestic food market is expected to grow by nearly 40% of the current market size by 2020, to touch USD 482 billion by 2020. These figures indicate that the sector has indeed moved on to a ‘new’ and ‘higher’ growth trajectory.

These positive developments however

have also resulted in apprehension about the emerging skill shortages due to mismatch between the demand for specific skills and available supply. In fact, of late, shortage of skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers has emerged as a critical factor impacting the competitiveness of Indian food industry.

At each level in the value chain, there are strong deficiencies in technical knowhow and support. In comparison to the amount of research carried out in this field, there is still a gap in the transference of this from the laboratory to the industry. In addition, knowledge flows from the academic circles or centres to the commercial centres of manufacture of primary or tertiary processed food.

While at the farm level, farmers are not aware about the types and timing of crops to be taken, chemicals to be used, channel managers are not aware of managing storage conditions and handling of the ultimate produce at the customer end.

According to recent research on skill demand in food processing industry, it has been observed that a majority percentage of organizations are dissatisfied with the skills of the available trained manpower.

For instance, 58% of the respondents were dissatisfied with technical skills and knowledge needed for the job. Also 72% showed discontent with employees’ ability to use appropriate and modern tools, equipment, and technologies specific to their jobs.

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Career in food processing sector Food processing is a branch of food science and it is a set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for the consumption of humans and animals. Processing of food leads to preservation of food, enhances its flavour and reduces the toxins in the food product. The modern food processing techniques have led to the feasibility of the development of the present day supermarkets. The rising consumerism in the societies of developed and developing countries has contributed to the growth of food processing industries with techniques such as spray drying, juice concentrates, freeze drying and the introduction of artificial sweeteners, colorants and preservatives.

In the late 20th century, products such as dried instant soups, reconstituted fruits and juices, and self-cooking meals were developed for the convenience of middle class families and mothers and especially for the working women.

At present in India, Food Processing Industry has been gaining momentum as the consumer’s food industry. As per the report there are about 300 million upper and middle class consumers of processed and packaged food in the country, and another 200 million were likely to be added. 500 food parks are planned all over the country. This will further boost the growth and development of food processing industries and will generate huge employment opportunities for those who have an aptitude towards this work.

The food is processed, preserved, packaged and stored according to the specifications by industry and government. The food processing industry is ranked fifth among industries of India.

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GRADUATE REQUIRED Various programs are available in food technology courses including B.Tech, B.Sc., M.Tech., M.Sc. and Ph.D. The eligibility criteria for B.Tech., B.Sc., in food technology include 10+2 or equivalent in Science. It is four/three years’ full time course. The candidate opting for M.Sc. in food technology should have the Bachelor’s degree in Science with Chemistry which is a twoyear full time course. After completion of M.Sc., the candidate can pursue Ph.D. program in food processing engineering and technology.

The Food Corporation of India, which handles the purchase, storage, transport and distribution of food grains and other food items, provide employment to large number of people. Private enterprises market bread, fruit juices, edible oils and soft drink concentrates.

Food processing companies and food research laboratories, food wholesalers, hospitals, catering establishments, retailers, restaurants provide job opportunities to candidates with degrees in Home Science and specializations in Food Technology, Nutrition or Food services management. Bacteriologist, toxicologists and those trained in packaging technology, organic chemistry, biochemistry and analytical chemistry can find openings in food technology laboratories or in quality control departments. Other jobs in this industry include bakeries, meat, poultry, trimmers, and fish cutters, slaughterers and meat packers, food batch makers, food cooking machine operators and tenders, food and tobacco roasting, baking and drying machine operators and tenders.

home-based preservation of fruits and vegetables, preparation of bakery and confectionery items, rice milling, oil seed processing and so on.

Some universities in India offer degree courses in food technology and food science. There are also institutes offering Post Graduate courses in specialized aspects of food processing. Admission for under graduate courses in food technology, food science and home science is open for candidates with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics (PCM) or Physics Chemistry, Biology (PCB) at 10+2 level. Food technologists have Graduate / Post Graduate degrees in the field, which are offered at various institutes in India. M.Sc. and Ph.D courses in food and nutrition, home science, food technology and biotechnology are also available in Indian universities.

Personal attributes required in Food Industry Assiduous, meticulous, organizational abilities, particular about cleanliness and hygiene, prudent, hardworking, professional courses. There are several Food and Nutrition Extension Centres in different parts of the country providing short-term courses and training in

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The candidate can also opt for M.Tech in food processing technology with a B.Tech degree and the course duration being two years. The challenge for the Food Technologist is to increase the variety and improve the quality and nutritional value of foods that are being consumed by people, while at the same time maintaining affordability through efficient training.

Self-Employment Opportunities Self-employment opportunities also exist in the form of dynamic delivery networks for those who want to work on their own.

Food technologists, technicians, biotechnologists and engineers are required in this industry for manufacturing or production, preservation and packaging, processing and canning of various food products. All this needs preparation of raw materials for processing which involves selection, or cleaning of the raw material, followed by the actual processing, which could be chopping, blanching, crushing,

55 www.agronfoodprocessing.com mixing or even cooking of the food item.

The addition of preservatives and the final packaging maintaining hygiene and maintaining quality of products.

Following people are needed for the work in food processing industry.

Food Technologists • To determine whether a particular process is being performed in a certain specified way or not.

• Instrumental in devising new ways and improving the older ones for preserving, conserving and processing food.

• To check for the contamination, adulteration and controlling the nutritional value of the food products which are to be processed.

• To determine the quality of the raw materials used in the plants as well as the food, this has to be dispatched to the market.

• To look after the storage conditions and hygiene.

Organic Chemists: Advise on the methods by which the raw materials have to be converted into processed food.

Biochemists: Suggest improvements in flavour, texture, storage and quality.

Analytical Chemists: Analyze food products to maintain quality.

Home Economists: Expert in dietetics and nutrition and they test the food and recipes according to the directions on the containers.

Engineers: Chemical, Mechanical, Industrial, Electrical, Agricultural and Civil Engineers are also required for planning, designing, improving and maintaining the processing systems.

Research Scientists: Carry out experiments regarding improvement in yield, flavor, nutritive value and general acceptability of the packaged food.

Managers and Accountants: Manage administration and the finances apart

from supervising the processing work.

Senior Food Technologist or Head Engineer in Food Processing Plant: They are responsible for the development of new, innovative products, from concept to final production that meets the customers’ needs as well as accomplish company objectives of profitable and efficient marketing.

Production Manager– Confectionery: Should have an idea and experience about the product that will be produced, and also have some technical knowledge about the machines.

Assistant General Manager / Senior Manager Food Processing: Applying advanced Engineering techniques to set up fruit and vegetable processing unit and analysis within the discipline which require developing designs, innovation, and ingenuity with minimal supervision.

Government Schemes A number of scholarships are available to candidates willing to study food processing in India and abroad. NAARM ICAR Senior Research Fellowship and Ramalingaswami Fellowship are the two major scholarships for candidates willing to study food processing and who wish to do further research. Similarly, Agri Biotech Foundation ABF Ph.D Fellowships in Agricultural Biotechnology can be availed which help in funding of education in food processing. SK Patil Loan Scholarships and JN Tata Endowment Scholarships are offered on the merit and requirement basis. Besides the scholarships, a number of financial organisations offer low interest education loan to deserving candidates.

Union Ministry of Food Processing Industries is spending Rs. 1,440 crore on institutions involved in dissipating food and crop processing technology, Badal said.

“The Centre under Narendra Modi is

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GRADUATE REQUIRED encouraging entrepreneurs to establish food parks across the nation with the help and assistance of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. The youth must come forward to utilise the opportunity,” she said.

The Union Minister said India had moved up from a starved nation to one that had adequate food security. But steps must be taken to ensure that the food was not lost. That would be a real tribute to the cherished dreams of Mahatma Gandhi who stressed on the need for rural upliftment at the heart of national development, she said.

Urging the graduates to “show their mettle to improve the food and crop processing technological field,” the Union Minister assured them that the Centre was fully behind them if they chose to become entrepreneurs providing jobs for others.

Pros and Cons Whereas food processing industry offers attractive job opportunities, it requires specific qualities and personality traits.

The industry is in a developing stage and has a lot of potential. Salary packages are attractive. But there is no scope for egotism as a highly trained professional may have to supervise different processes and work with employees who are otherwise not very talented. Odd timings can also not be ruled out.

Therefore, there are pros and cons of working in food processing industry.

Despite the efforts new food processing units are not coming in Pan-India basis therefore, quality jobs are centred majorly in metro cities.

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NEWS

Food Ministry to increase tax on refined edible oil

F

ood Minister Ram Vilas Paswan said that the ministry has also recommended that the duty difference between the crude and refined edible oils should be increased to 13 per cent from the current 7.5 per cent in order to protect domestic oilseeds processors.

At present, the duty on crude edible oil is 12.5 per cent, while it is 20 per cent on refined. “We have taken several measures to improve the liquidity of sugar mills to facilitate payment of cane arrears. We have taken enough steps for them, we don’t want prices to rise further. In the interest of consumers, we have recommended ban on sugar futures trading,” Paswan said.

He said nothing has been decided on

this issue yet. On August 22, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had held an interministerial consultation on imposing ban on sugar futures trading in an effort to curb speculation and check price rise of the sweetener during festival season.

Asked about the edible oil industry’s demand to curb import of cheaper refined oils through duty realignment, Paswan said, “Our ministry has already

recommended duty difference to be increased to 13 per cent.” On pulses, Paswan said the government is exploring entering into long term contract for import of pulses.

The Minister recently returned from Brazil after a three-day visit.

India’s sugar production is estimated to decline to 25 million tonnes in the 2015-16 season (OctoberSeptember) from 28.3 million tonnes in the previous year.

The outlook for the next year is not encouraging as sugar production is pegged lower at 23.26 million tonnes. However, the industry body ISMA feels that there would be sufficient sugar stock to meet the domestic demand of 26 million tonnes as the country would have an opening stock of 7 million tonnes.

Drive against sale of loose edible oil in Jaipur

S

ale of edible oil and powdered spices without proper packaging is not allowed under the provisions of Food Safety and Standard Act (FSSA).

However, several shops in the city are selling loose edible oil and powdered spices. They have no mention of expiry date, manufacturing date or contents. To prevent sale of such food items, the health department will launch a campaign from August 15.

Markets known for selling loose powdered spices in the Walled City area will be on the radar of health authorities. However, as per the health department, initially, no strict action will be taken against the traders. "We will counsel them first to not sell food items like edible oil and

are provisions which say that powdered spices and edible oil should be packed properly following all norms, before being sold.

powdered spices without packaging. If they continue to do so, we will give them time to stop it. Even then, if they carry on flouting norms, we will take strict action against them," Food Commissioner, Rajasthan, Dr BR Meena, said.

Dr Meena said that under FSSA, there

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On July 23, the health department officials had conducted an inspection in the Walled City markets. They had collected five samples of powdered chilli, turmeric and coriander, which were being sold without proper packaging as per FSSA norms.

Officials said that customers go to such shops and buy powdered spices. No one knows what it contains. If packed properly, one would know the contents.

Food inspectors have been directed to collect samples of powdered spices and

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NEWS

GM mustard clears hurdle in India with few concerns

A

government panel has cleared commercial use of what would be India's first genetically modified (GM) food crop, but politicians still have to give final approvals amid wide-spread public opposition.

Technical clearance for indigenously developed GM mustard seeds was given on Aug. 11 by the panel of government and independent experts, following multiple reviews of crop trial data generated over almost a decade, said two sources with direct knowledge of the matter.

The decision to go ahead is likely to be made public soon by the environment ministry's Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, and is expected eventually to move to Prime Minister Narendra Modi's desk via Environment Minister Anil Madhav Dave.

The environment ministry said in a statement that no final decision has been taken yet and that its Genetic Engineering Approval Committee will put up a 'safety document' on the issue on its website seeking comments from the public.

The news of the technical approval

comes, when U.S. seed maker Monsanto which dominates the GM cotton market in India faces heightened government regulation that has forced it to consider quitting a country it has operated in for decades.

Monsanto had withdrawn an application seeking approval for its next generation GM cotton seeds in India, escalating a long-running dispute between New Delhi and the world's biggest seed maker.

Top India executives of multinationals like Monsanto, Bayer Biosciences, Dow Agro-Sciences, DuPont Pioneer and Syngenta have called a joint news conference to make an "important announcement", following what they called difficult times that have impacted operations of seed companies.

Permitting GM food crops is a big call for India, which spends tens of billions of dollars importing edible oils and other food items every year. Farmers are stuck with old technology, yields are at a fraction of world levels, cultivable land is shrinking and weather patterns have become less predictable, experts say.

But political and public opposition to labaltered food remains strong amid fears that GM crops could compromise food safety and biodiversity.

Some grassroots groups associated with Modi's nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party have also opposed GM crops because of the reliance on seeds patented by multinationals like Monsanto, DuPont, Dow Chemical and Syngenta, which is to be taken over by a Chinese company.

India placed a moratorium on GM eggplant in 2010, also after an experts’ panel had given its clearance, effectively bringing the regulatory system to a deadlock.

Modi, however, who was instrumental in making Gujarat state India's leading user of GM cotton when he was Chief Minister there, cleared several field trials for GM crops soon after taking office in New Delhi in 2014.

The GM mustard developed by Delhi University scientists makes use of three genes already incorporated in rapeseed hybrids in Canada, the United States and Australia.

AAKKAMANI to launch an Academy

A

AKKAMANI a leading oil manufacturing industry launched AAKKAMANI ACADEMY exclusively for their valued customers.

The main idea behind the academy is to share the knowledge of oils and fats with their business partners which will help in building the awareness about the subject and giving the best possible results.

Academy will serve as a training centre to understand customer needs and offer personalized solutions and services.

It will also enable better customerinteraction and engagement thus helping AAKKAMANI to create a good knowledge base. It will also support and train the sales and marketing team to understand their products and applications better.

The training at the academy would be

undertaken by the experts in the field of lipid and food technology and will offer definite and detailed courses.

Over the years AAKKAMANI PVT LTD has developed into a leading processor of high quality specialty oils and fats for the food industry. Their commitment towards quality & service is their strengths that have helped them to be a leading supplier to the major food processing industries.

They are a research oriented organization and have a prime focus in health, nutrition and innovation.

To maintain this leadership position in the industry they have constantly been working towards acquiring a deeper knowledge of the oil molecule. They research their processes and study the chemistry of the oil molecule in a quest to understand its wonders and possibilities.

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

Knowledge of oils and fats has helped them extend their customer base to other industrial sectors as well -like the pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and personal care and oleo chemicals.

Academy is further divided into segments which are very specific to theory and practical application. The curriculum is flexible and has been planned in such way that AAKKAMMANI can have custommade courses for the clienteles as well as for the sales and marketing group.

They would also invite students from the academia and universities to take advantage of the courses being offered.

The participants would be given notes/ hand-outs on courses offered at the end of the sessions and a certificate as an acknowledgement of participation.

58 www.agronfoodprocessing.com

Event Calendar-2016 Months

October 2016 4th-7th Tokyo Pack Japan 4th-6th Innopak Spain 5th-6th Easyfairs Sweden 10th-14th Agroprodmash Moscow Russia 11th-14th China Brew & Beverage Sanghai 15th-16th Evenord Germany 21st-23rd Cake Fest Poland 22nd-25th Sudback Germany 22nd–24th Dairy Feast, Lucknow 25th-28th Cibus Tec Italy November 2016 1st-3rd Foodtech Denmark 2nd-4th Worldfood Kazakastan VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

Events

2nd-6th Indagra Food Romania 2nd-5th Eurasia Packaging Turkey 9th-12th Interfood & Drink Bulgaria 14th-17th Emballage France 19th–22nd Agro Tech,chandigarh 23rd-24th Packaging Innovations Netherlands 25th-26th Empack Belgium 27th-30th Intervitis Germany December 2016 15th–17th Drink Technology , Mumbai 30TH-1st palmex Latin America Columbia

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Presents

im

EVENTS

Indian

Ice cr ea m Congress & Expo 2016

28th-29th Sept, 2016 Expo Center, A-11, Sector-62, NH-24 Noida ( Delhi NCR) Partners

Meetings Discussions Knowledge Entertainment �iOi&�sght Exhibition Supported By

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Ofcial Media Partner

Indian’s 1st News Portal for Agro, Food Processing & Allied Segments

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A Supplement of Beverages & Food Processing Times

Times

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Media Partners I n d i a ’s O n l y M o n t h l y f o r A g r o , F o o d P r o c e s s i n g & A l l i e d S e g m e n t s

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Contact for Stalls & Partnership Firoz H. Naqvi : +91-9867992299

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Indian Ice Cream Congress & Expo

121, 1st Floor, Rassaz Multiplex, Mira Road (E), Thane - 401107. India. Tel: +91-22-28555069 / 28115068.

Email: info@indianicecreamcongress.in Web: www.indianicecreamcongress.in INDIAN ICE CREAM MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Sudhir Shah-+91-9849025027 (Secretary IICMA) Samrat A. Upadhyay- +91-76988 69800 (Secretary General – IICMA)

Regd. Office : A/801, 8th Floor, “Time Square” Building,C. G. Road, Nr. Lal Bunglow Char Rasta, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, Email: info@iicma.in Web: www.iicma.in

VOl.11 Issue 11 September 2016

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