2024 May Oak Cliff Advocate

Moody decor juxtaposes the natural light and whimsy of Floramay Holliday and Gabor Racz's Kessler Park home. As Daniel Rockey explains on page 10: It's all about balance. Photography by Kathy Tran.

Frank McClendon

214.560.4215 / fmcclendon@advocatemag.com

Michele Paulda

214.724.5633 / mpaulda@advocatemag.com

Catherine Pate

214.560.4201 / cpate@advocatemag.com

Linda Kenney lkenney@advocatemag.com

Brandon Rodriguez

972-754-3942 / brodriguez@advocatemag.com

Kennedy Cox

/

Though Prasad does classes all over the city, most of her students are at the Audelia Road Branch Library.

CODING FOR KIDS

Why one TAG student turned her charity into coding classes for children

Story by ALYSSA HIGH | Photography by KATHY TRAN

1,000 HOURS IS EQUIVALENT to over 41 days. If you worked 1,000 hours of a full-time job, that would be 125 days of work. For any high schooler, that would be a massive undertaking, but for Vanshika Prasad, 1,000 hours is just the beginning of her community service involvement — all at 17 years old.

It started in 2017 when Prasad and her younger sister were running errands with their parents and drove past a homeless man and his dog. Passionate animal lovers, the two told their parents that they wanted to help.

They got to work on a cookie and lemonade stand, raising $13.75. The sisters used that money to buy food for the man and his dog, spurring a desire for service.

To raise more money, the Prasad sisters began making crochet animals to sell at craft fairs, through which the girls were able to raise $300 for a pet orphanage.

So, Prasad started a nonprofit, Mighty Little Us.

Not to limit herself, the organization deals with a variety of causes and passions.

Mighty Little Us sells homemade crochet items at local craft fairs and online to raise money for animal shelters, promotes food drives, fundraises for foster and adoption initiatives for animals, creates weekend workshops in Dallas libraries to teach children to code using Scratch and teaches coding online to children in a remote area of India.

than text-based coding like Python, JavaScript or HTML/CSS.

“It’s a visual approach and it makes coding more accessible to younger kids,” Prasad says. “It’s an engaging and fun platform that encourages problem solving.”

Not all classes are necessarily the same, Prasad says, which leads many students to come back for more. Each class typically has 10 to 12 children between the ages of eight and 10.

“Some (students) are quieter, and they’ll just go with my lesson,” Prasad says. “But some kids who are really interested keep coming back for class and start asking questions that sometimes I don’t even know the answer to … (Scratch) lets them explore their creativity some more.”

"Our world is becoming digital, so for them to have an early introduction is going to help them a lot. … A lot of kids will have taken coding and have an earlier start. That’s something I wish I had."

When Prasad got interested in coding last summer after taking classes at The School for the Talented and Gifted, she wrote up a questionnaire to see how familiar kids in the area were with technology. She then submitted the responses to Dallas Public Libraries. Based on these responses, she saw a need for coding classes for children at the Audelia Branch Library.

“That’s when I settled down at Scratch and decided this is what I wanted to do,” Prasad says. “I had some experience on Scratch myself, and I felt like it was a powerful tool to do what I needed to do because it’s a visual programming language.”

Scratch is a free coding program for children that uses a visual interface that allows children to create digital stories, games and animations by coding using colorful blocks rather

Though most of her classes are at Audelia Road Branch Library, the Forest Green Branch Library and Lancaster Keys Branch Library, others in Dallas and Plano have begun reaching out to expand the classes to their locations.

Beyond Dallas-Fort Worth, Prasad has been working with MSM Academy, a public school in a small town in India.

“(Mighty Little Us’) international outreach director is studying Hindu culture in India, so we came together and decided that we want to expand this over there where there’s a lot of less privileged families that could benefit from the classes,” Prasad says.

Fourteen children participate in classes with Prasad each week through this program.

“(Scratch) might be the first whole new language that a child has discovered and that can help them in so many ways,” Prasad says. “Our world is becoming digital, so for them to have an early introduction is going to help them a lot. … A lot of kids will have taken coding and have an earlier start. That’s something I wish I had.”

To keep the classes and other nonprofits going, Prasad is looking for teens to teach classes at other locations and possibly take over teaching the coding classes when she graduates in 2026.

She recently won the Presidential Service Award, a national grade-based award given to those who have a large number of community service hours. She also got second place in the Congressional App Challenge, where she put her coding skills to the test to create an app that helps people connect with mental health services.

EVERY ACRE COUNTS

A wetlands transformation spearheaded by Oak Cliff neighbors is restoring the land the city forgot about

Story by EMMA RUBY | Photography courtesy of SEAN FITZGERALD

The north pond has a clear view of Downtown, and runs just east of where the Dallas Sportatorium stood until it's demolition in 2003.

When La Salle came to Dallas in the late 1600s, the French explorer named the Trinity River the “River of Canoes.” A few years later, his Spanish counterpart, Alonso de León, dubbed it “the Most Holy Trinity.”

That reverence for the river waned over the centuries, driven home by the city’s choice to reroute the flow of water through a system of levees built in the 1930s, and raised in the 1960s.

Today, swampy gouges south of Downtown carve out the path the river used to flow. Dallas moved the river, but the runoff doesn’t know that. When it rains, runoff from as far north as the Red River runs that original course, sweeping garbage and debris into the stagnant waters.

To the average eye it isn’t much to look at now, admits Melanie Ferguson, a North Oak Cliff resident. But it will be.

Ferguson is the project director of the Dallas Water Commons, a not-yetbuilt urban wetlands park that will serve as a water polishing and conservation resource, an educational center and an urban greenspace.

The city refers to the necklace of stormwater that sits outside the levee’s eastern border as sumps, but Ferguson, and the rest of the DWC team, call them ponds.

The boundaries of the north and south ponds, which the water commons will enhance, are marked by “two longhorns and a bull.”

“The longhorns at (Fuel City), the Longhorn Ballroom’s longhorn and Gilly’s, the old honky tonk, has a mechanical bull,” Ferguson says. “(Here) you can hear the industry, but you can also hear the birdsong.”

The 17-acre project is a public–private partnership between the City of Dallas and The Dallas Wetlands Foundation. Some of the land is the city’s, and some belongs to the Dallas developer Jack Matthews.

Matthews, along with others from his development firm Matthews Southwest, formed the Dallas Wetlands Foundation in 2017 to oversee the transformation from sump to state-of-the-art park. The project received funding, which was matched by the foundation, in the 2017 bond, and is slated for another check should the 2024 bond be approved by voters.

In all, it is estimated to cost between $44 and $55 million.

Environmental Engineer Marianna Archibald says it was “full circle” when she was asked to join the Dallas Water Commons advisory board and consult on the project because her grandfather helped build the Trinity River levees.

She believes the park is an opportunity to reframe the way Dallasites think about the “value of land.”

“A lot of times, for those of us who grow up in cities, we tend to assume that valuable land has fancy buildings on it, but a lot of the conversation around the Dallas Water Commons is repicturing that and saying that the land itself and what the land can do for us is extremely valuable,” Archibald says.

Archibald lives in Kiestwood and regularly takes advantage of the natural parks and trails in South Oak Cliff. But that accessibility factor isn’t the case for the rest of the city.

She points to the success of Klyde Warren Park as evidence that people, especially residents in the urban center of the city, are “craving” greenspaces.

“What city has a river going right through it and people forget about it and don’t enjoy it?” Archibald says. “I have a few friends who have moved to Dallas recently and the common thread is ‘We miss being around nature.’ And we have it, it’s just not very accessible.”

Once completed, the water commons will feature weaving paths and docks that guide visitors along the riverbed. Stormwater will be pumped between the north and south ponds, and will circulate through the system's biodiverse filtering plants for three days as it is

aerated and polished before being released back into the watershed.

Oak Cliff resident Fred Pena is also a member of Dallas Wetlands Foundation’s advisory board. He is a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified architect, and has helped guide the project's development with an emphasis on sustainability and efficiency.

As the state grows and demand for water grows with it, the estimated 650 million gallons of water cleaned by the system annually could be vital.

Between 2020 and 2070, Texas’ population is expected to grow from 29.7 million to nearly 51.5 million, according to a report by the Texas Water Development Board. That report expects the demand for water to grow 9% in that time, while supply decreases by 18%.

But it doesn’t have to be “doom and gloom,” says Ferguson, if action is taken now.

“(The water commons will) be an opportunity to understand a little more about water, you know, that it doesn’t just come out of the faucet,” Ferguson says. “We just have to do water differently.”

Groundbreaking on the park could happen this year, if permitting sails through. The city is currently working on construction in the surrounding area that “needed to happen” before work on the commons can commence.

As many of the existing trees lining the pond’s banks will be saved as possible, Ferguson says. Other flora — tall grasses, lilly pads, flowers and cattails — will be planted throughout the park and the waters.

The water commons will restore the ecosystem “to what it was intended

The flow of water drives the design of the Dallas Water Commons, while accessible spaces intended for exploration, education and respite flow alongside. Rendering by Studio Outside.

to be,” says David Marquis, another Kiestwood resident and environmental consultant on the project.

Marquis founded the Oak Cliff Nature Preserve and wrote the book The River Always Wins, a series of poems about the power of water in society and nature. He is an environmental advocate, and believes that “every acre counts” in the fight for preservation and in combating climate change.

He was thinking about that word, ecosystem, on a breezy day in late spring, as he stood at the north pond and watched a redwinged blackbird dive into a cluster of cattails, looking for the caterpillars that nest in their leaves.

He remarked that the word ecosystem, which is usually associated with the illustrated graphs shown in middle school biology classes, was derived from the Greek word oikos, meaning home.

“This is where the river used to run,” Marquis says. “What we’ve done so often in our history is separate ourselves from nature, but now we are restoring that balance … We’re restoring our home.”

The great room of the home recieves a good amount of natural light, which is highlighted through the prominent, twinkling chandelier.

HARMONY AT HOME

The Story of Floramay & Gabor

Story by DANIEL ROCKEY | Photography by KATHY TRAN

Architecture and interior design are all about balance.

Whether it’s from a mechanical standpoint of keeping a structure strong and resilient, or finding harmony between different design components, a balanced home is a pleasing one.

This concept is perfectly encapsulated in the home of Floramay Holliday and Gabor Racz, a couple who have mastered balance in more ways than one.

Originally Gabor’s home, the property underwent some serious changes after the two married. Expansion for more square footage, room for children and prioritizing space for live music in the backyard were all factors.

“I sat there on my little porch and looked out and sketched how this house would work out,” Floramay says. “So I sketched for about 10 years, just little drawings.”

Those drawings became the foundational pieces of what the house looks like today.

The home is nestled into the unique landscape of Kessler Park. Along with its natural beauty comes its own unique set of challenges. Steep rocky drop-offs and lots of verticality meant that the two had to find solutions that would not only be practical, but would stand the test of time — particularly with the nearby creek. Gabor says it was one of the greatest challenges the two faced during the construction process.

“It took the engineers a long time for them to develop something that would last” he says. “So when they said that we should go with this type of piling, we doubled it because we’re kinda up high.”

The cantilever design provides a view unlike any other that one could get within Dallas. Standing at the edge of the top most deck, the view is about level with the tree canopy, which gives the space an enormous amount of light and a pristine sunset view.

The great room serves as the nexus for the home, acting as a crossroads to all the new additions, outdoor spaces and upstairs bedrooms.

“First of all, it is a Great Room,” Gabor says, emphasizing the word great. “I always wanted a big fireplace, and a considerable chandelier in the center, with the sky looking in.”

The great room takes advantage of the afternoon and setting sun, with large windows allowing what filters through the foliage to work its way into the space.

“When we first moved in here, we started seeing all these little

blues and rainbow-like images all over the walls,” Gabor says, pointing to the direction of the light entering the room and being split by the window and glass baubles of the chandelier. “So we live on Rainbow Drive, and suddenly, we see these rainbows, so it was perfect.”

A lounging space jutting off the great room is a semi-outdoor green room and enclosed patio. This is where Floramay’s designs have truly come to life. Floramay’s brother, an architect, suggested allowing a clear line of sight from the front to the back of the home, creating a visual river that winds through the house.

“He had a nice idea of the cantilevering our bedroom, which made this nice curved balcony here, which I love,” Floramay says.

The design makes sense for the space, maximizing strength for the cliffside and drop-offs without sacrificing any views. Floramay, being a musician, lets the open view of nature become her muse.

“This is one of my favorite places to sit, especially this time of year in the morning, and just get my inspiration, to hear the birds sing,” she says.

Their backyard is where their intentionality is most shared with others. Descending from the canopy of their living spaces into the proverbial forest floor, Floramay and Gabor’s backyard is tiered just the same as their home, but with entertaining in mind. A wooden stage hangs off the lip of a gentle curve with the babbling of a nearby creek the soundtrack of the space.

Overall, the consideration of balance is what led Floramay and Gabor’s home to become so comforting and inviting. Their intentional design, taking into account the technical and mechanical constraints of the landscape, has made their home one of the most unique in Kessler Park.

Top: The master bedroom opens out onto a curved balcony, one of Floramay's favorite spots in her home.

Middle: Eclectic decor is complemented by clean lines and bold colors in the furniture, wall colors and shelving.

Bottom: Floramay and Gabor are both musicians and started the annual Kessler Park Music Safari. Floramay plays Americana tunes alongside her “Hungarian harmonica playing husband."

COFFEE CHRONOLOGY

The story of how your favorite Peaberry Coffee drinks came to be

Story by SIMON PRUITT

Eiland Coffee Roasters is a roastery and storefront located in Richardson, founded by its namesake Clay Eiland in 1998. The shop sources the raw beans from La Manita, roasts and packages them at their location. Roasting at Eiland starts at 5 a.m. daily, two hours before the storefront opens.

Photography courtesy by Clay Eiland.

Peaberry Coffee was founded by Elijah Salazar in 2019, using beans from Eilands to make their drinks.

“I saw potential to open a proper neighborhood shop of our own. I wanted to make something the neighborhood could be especially proud of and call their own.”

Salazar began experimenting to create a signature, recognizable flavor for Peaberry.

“I've loved being able to delve deeper into the craft aspect of coffee even more. Making our own syrups or creating our own signature drinks is the fun part.”

Peaberry’s signature drink is the Oat Cliff, consisting of espresso, oat milk and simple syrup; specially proportioned to accentuate nutty and sweet flavors.

“We also offer the Oat Cliff with a single origin espresso featuring Sidamo-Ardi, a natural processed Ethiopian coffee that adds a fruity element of strawberry. Sidamo-Ardi is a fan favorite and can often be found offered as drip coffee.”

Photography by Lauren Allen.

Residents of Jacob's House enjoy spending good weather days on their home's patio, drinking coffee and communing.

A WELL COMMUNITY

A small but mighty nonprofit is offering respite and friendship to our neighborhood's most vulnerable

Story by EMMA RUBY | Photography by VICTORIA GOMEZ

WHEN JAMES BARCLAY started out on the Dallas police force in the early '80s, he was stationed in Oak Cliff, where he was born and raised.

As an officer, he witnessed the negative impact homelessness and mental illness was having on individuals. But he, and many of his peers, were often overwhelmed and unequip to handle escalating situations involving severe mental illness. At the time, recruits received only a day of mental health training before graduating from the police academy, Barclay recalls.

So when it came time to retire after 34 years on the force, Barclay wanted to serve Oak Cliff in a new way, and he went to The Well.

The Well Community is a nonprofit operating out of Cliff Temple Baptist Church that provides services to Oak Cliff residents struggling with homelessness, poverty or severe mental illness. A weekly buffet of programming — free to those who need it — offers members a chance to relax, reflect and build a support network.

“Community is something that is so vitally important to people who are otherwise isolated and lonely,” says Alice Zaccarello, executive director of The Well Community. “It’s a place to get involved with activities, and a place to celebrate holidays … And anytime we get together we always serve a meal.”

Oftentimes, the food served at The Well

is the only hot meal an individual will have that day, she says.

Mondays through Wednesdays, The Well sponsors a Community Life Center at Cliff Temple Baptist Church. From 9:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., community members have access to a computer room, art lessons or self-help instruction, books, instruments and case management resources.

Obtaining an ID, for instance, can be difficult for those who may not have access to a Social Security card or birth certificate. Helping community members get an ID, or access other resources like health care or food stamps, is assistance that “goes a long way.”

On Thursday nights, community members gather for a worship service.

“We are an open community, so people can be involved in whatever portion of what we do that they want to be involved in,” Zaccarello says. “If sitting and participating in devotionals or a worship service is not their thing, that’s all right by me.”

But for many of The Well’s community members, connecting with the devotionals and sermons each Thursday offers orientation through challenging times.

A member of The Well Community since 2009, PT is known as a gentle, soft-spoken man with a skill for the piano. But he spent years bouncing around transitional housing, always on “defense mode.”

COMMUNITY IS SOMETHING THAT IS SO VITALLY IMPORTANT TO PEOPLE WHO ARE OTHERWISE ISOLATED AND LONELY.

Four years ago, The Well invited PT into Jacob’s House, a group home run by the nonprofit that can house up to seven men. It’s a “small answer for a huge problem,” says Zaccarello, who says finding safe and affordable housing is one of the biggest challenges community members face.

The house, which is only a mile from the Cliff Temple Baptist Church, serves “higher functioning individuals” who benefit from the community format of the house.

“Houses I’ve been in before have been run down, hot in the summer and cold in the winter,” PT says. “With Jacob’s House, you can take an eraser and erase all that.”

The house is named after Jacob in The Bible , a man who experienced homelessness and moral struggle but was forgiven by God for his sins. It’s a story PT knows in its entirety.

“We’re kind of like Jacob,” he says. “We have solid gold here.”

Another member of Jacob’s House, Carl Wiggins, says the home is “a group of brothers.” He has lived at the house for eight years after experiencing bouts of homelessness and transitional housing.

Wiggins enjoys cooking for the house, and the men take turns picking nightly movies that are accompanied by popcorn, soda and pickles. Wiggins prefers watching documentaries and uplifting movies.

After spending years “homeless and hungry,” the routine is a level of dignified stability

he struggled to find before The Well.

“This is a home; it’s not a shelter,” Wiggins says.

Zaccarello says most community members found The Well through “word-ofmouth.” While some community members live in transitional housing or apartments, many are homeless.

One of the biggest threats faced by the unhoused is weather, she says. Despite The Well’s efforts to prepare community members for inclement weather, members have died during freezes and heat waves in years past.

For Zaccarello, the loss of a community member is as difficult as a loss within her own family.

“During inclement weather, I constantly worry about our people,” Zaccarello says. “The first day we were open (after a freeze in January), I asked one of our guys ‘How did you do?’ and he had just gotten out of Methodist because he had frostbite.”

Most individuals who visit The Well end up coming back, she says. But when a regular stops showing up, concern is felt by everyone.

Barclay says he has “been out in cars” in recent months looking for a community member, Donna, he first befriended when he began volunteering with The Well nine years ago. She stopped coming to The Well at the beginning of 2024, and Barclay hopes she is “somewhere living with family,” rather than anything sinister.

What started out as a volunteer opportunity in retirement has turned into a weekly Tuesday shift for Barclay. In nine years, he estimates he has missed six Tuesdays. Zaccarello is “pretty sure” Barclay schedules his vacations around his volunteering.

“People are missing out by not knowing (the community members),” Barclay says. “These people just give me something.”

WE ARE AN OPEN COMMUNITY, SO PEOPLE CAN BE INVOLVED IN WHATEVER PORTION OF WHAT WE DO THAT THEY WANT TO BE INVOLVED IN.

ALICE ZACCARELLO

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THE BONNIE & CLYDE GUIDE

Story by EMMA RUBY

THIS MONTH MARKS 90 YEARS

since the deaths of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, and their love story, rampant crime streak and downfall have maintained a cultural relevance through the decades.

There is no shortage of Bonnie and Clyde stories; the Advocate alone has published dozens. Movies have been made and a musical inspired by the folk heroes even reached Broadway.

But, despite the duo’s notoriety nationwide, it’s a history Dallas tends to shy away from. There is not a historic marker at any of the city's “landmarks” associated with the duo, aside from their gravestones. In recent years, buildings they frequented have disappeared after failing to achieve historic designation.

Here are four pieces of Bonnie and Clyde’s lasting legacy that you may not know about.

EMBRACING THE HISTORY

Dallas hasn’t erected historic markers for Bonnie and Clyde, much less a museum. But in Gibsland, Louisiana, The Bonnie and Clyde Ambush Museum still stands.

The museum was created out of a partnership between Oak Cliff resident Ken Holmes — whose father knew Dallas County Deputy Sheriff Ted Hinton who was part of the police posse that cornered and killed the gangsters in Louisiana — and Hinton’s son, L.J. “Boots” Hinton.

In 2009, Holmes told the Advocate that he’d hoped to open the museum in Downtown Dallas but couldn't afford the rent.

Holmes died in 2012 and “Boots” Hinton died in 2016, but before their deaths they were considered some of the top Bonnie and Clyde experts and curators in the country. A highlight of their collection was the shootout car used in the eponymous 1967 film, which was featured in the museum until 2006 when Holmes had it moved to the Crime Museum in Washington, D.C.

The museum is still open, and a historic marker out front shares that the building used to be Ma Canfield’s Café, “Where Bonnie and Clyde stopped at 9 a.m. on May 23, 1934, picked up sandwiches and drove off to their deaths seven miles away.” That site of death is marked too, although the marker has been significantly graffitied.

GUILTY AS CHARGED

Nearly a year after the duo’s death, 20 family members and friends were arrested by Dallas Police and federal authorities and charged with aiding and abetting Bonnie and Clyde. All 20 charged individuals either pleaded guilty or were found guilty, and the mothers of both gangsters each served a month in jail for their roles in harboring their criminal children.

According to a 1935 article from the Brownsville Herald , both women gave “mother love” as their reason for repeatedly visiting with their children, despite the warrants out for their arrests. At the end of the trial, Judge W.H. Atwell replied, “There is nothing in the law which gives mothers, sisters, brothers or friends the right to break the law. ”

Photography by Danny Fulgencio

Henry and Cumie Barrow, Clyde parents,Barrow’s at home

THE MOST VISITED & STOLEN GRAVE IN WEST DALLAS

Thousands of people visit Clyde Barrow's grave at the Western Heights Cemetery each year, but keeping the headstone intact proved a challenge. The grave marker was repeatedly stolen in the late '70s and early '80s.

A 1979 article from The Paris News stated the tombstone was stolen five times in as many years, “usually around the time of the annual football clash between the University of Texas and Oklahoma University.” Clyde’s

eldest sister, Artie Key, told the paper that the family had spent hundreds returning to stone to Western Heights Cemetery each time it was stolen.

“Lord, I wish they would leave it alone,” Key said.

According to Western Heights Cemetery volunteer Van Johnson, the tombstone is now embedded in five feet of concrete to prevent thievery.

“Someone would need a crane to get it out,” he says.

TO PRESERVE

OR TO DEMOLISH? THAT IS THE QUESTION.

In early 2022, the West Dallas service station that was a home to Clyde Barrow and his family was demolished after slipping through the preservation cracks. The Landmark Commission did initiate a process to designate the building as a historic landmark, which protects a building from demolition for two years. That process began in March 2020, just days before Dallas County was overwhelmed by cases of COVID-19.

Two years later, the building was demolished.

A landmark process for another West Dallas home, the Lillie McBride House, was initiated at the same time as the service station. The home stood two blocks from the service station and be -

longed to the sister of a Barrow Gang member. It was where Clyde Barrow murdered Fort Worth sheriff’s Deputy Malcolm Davis in 1933, spurring the search that led to Bonnie and Clyde’s deaths a year later.

Some neighbors opposed historical designation for the home due to its bloody history. One West Dallas resident, Raúl Reyes Jr. wrote to the Dallas Landmark Commission that he opposed the home’s potential designation because its history did not represent the neighbors of West Dallas. Reyes also worried that approving a landmark designation would “force stewardship” of the building onto its owner, Wesley-Rankin Community Center.

In 2019, Wesley-Rankin executive director Shellie Ross told the Advo -

cate that the organization’s board intended to demolish or move the dilapidated house after a series of break ins “raised safety concerns for the community.”

According to Ross, the home was relocated to Tyler, Texas, in spring 2023 at the request of Bonnie and Clyde’s living descendants. The home is now undergoing renovations, Ross said.

North of Houston, the “Bonnie and Clyde Bridge,” which was known to be a meeting spot for the gangsters, collapsed due to floodwaters this January. In a story similar to Dallas’, officials in Conroe City and Montgomery County attempted to historically preserve the bridge for several years before efforts fell flat.

Photography by Danny Fulgencio

The Barrow filling station on Singleton Boulevard. Photo courtesy of the Texas Panhandle Plains Museum, the Dallas Public Library and the Dallas Municipal archives.