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LIBRARY Cit7 0
EDMONTON STATISTICAL REVIEW
VOLUME I: THE EDMONTON AREA ENVIRONMENT
1974-1979
The City of Edmonton Corporate Policy Planning Office October, 1980
- 1-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PaRe TABLES AND FIGURES PREFACE
vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
VOLUME I: THE EDMONTON AREA ENVIRONMENT I:
II:
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
4
1. The Edmonton Sub-Region and the Edmonton Census Metropolitan Area (Edmonton Metro)
4
2. The City of Edmonton
10
ECONOMIC FACTORS
25
1. Output and Trade
25
2. Prices and Incomes
42
3. Labour Force and Employment
58
4. Construction and Housing
61
III: SOCIAL FACTORS
77
1. Crimes, Traffic and Fire
77
2. Health and Social Services
85
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page I.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS 1.
EDMONTON SUB-REGION AND THE EDMONTON CENSUS METROPOLITAN AREA Figure I - 1.1 Table I - 1.2 Table
I - 1.3
Table I - 1.4
2.
Edmonton Sub-Region, 1979 Edmonton Metro and Sub-Region Population, 1974-1979 Comparative Population Statistics Edmonton, Edmonton Metro, Edmonton Sub-Region, and Alberta, 1974-1979 Edmonton Population Growth as Per Cent of Edmonton Metro's, SubRegion's and Alberta's, 1974-1979
6 7 8 9
THE CITY OF EDMONTON Table
I - 2.1
Table I - 2.2 Table I - 2.3 Table
I
2.4
Table
I
2.5
Figure I 2.6 Table I - 2.7 Figure I
2.8
Figure I - 2.9 Table I - 2.10 Table I - 2.11
Edmonton Population Growth, 1974-1979 Percentage Distribution of Edmonton Population by Age Group, 1976 and 1979 Households and Families, Edmonton and Edmonton Metro, 1971 and 1976 Families by Number of Persons, Edmonton 1971 and 1976 Births, Deaths and Marriages in Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 Ward Boundaries, 1979 Edmonton Population by Small Area, 1974 and 1979 Edmonton Population by Ward, 1974-1979 City of Edmonton Map Showing Census Tracts, 1979 Edmonton Population by Census Tract, 1974 and 1979 Edmonton Population by Outline Plan Area, 1974 - 1979
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24
II.
ECONOMIC FACTORS 1. OUTPUT AND TRADE Table II - 1.1 Table II - 1.2 Table II - 1.3 Table II - 1.4
Table II - 1.5 Table II - 1.6 Table II - 1.7 Table II - 1.8 Table II - 1.9 Table II - 1.10 Table II - 1.11 Table II
1.12
Table II - 1.13
29 Gross National Product, 1974-1979 Canadian Balance of Payments 30 Current Account, 1974 - 1979 Price of Foreign Currencies in Canada, 31 1974 - 1979 Public and Private Investment in Manufacturing Industries in Edmonton Metro, Alberta and Canada, 32 1974 - 1979 Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost, Alberta and Canada, 1974 - 1979 • • • 33 Per Capita Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost, Alberta and Canada, 34 1974 - 1979 Value of Mineral Production, Alberta 35 and Canada, 1974 - 1979 Value of Manufacturer - Shipments, Edmonton Metro, Alberta and Canada, 36 1974 - 1979 Public and Private Investment in Selected Industry Sectors, Alberta, 37 Ontario and Canada, 1979 Retail Sales, Edmonton and 38 Alberta, 1974 - 1979 Value of Cheques cashed in Edmonton 39 and Alberta, 1974 - 1979 Retail Sales by Kind of Business, 40 Edmonton, 1975 - 1978 Value of Manufacturer's Shipments by Industry, Edmonton Metro, 1975 41 and 1977
2. PRICES AND INCOME Table II - 2.1 Table II - 2.2 Table II - 2.3 Table II - 2.4 Table II - 2.5
Consumer Price Index - Canada, 1974 - 1979 Percentage Increases of Consumer Prices in Canada and Selected Cities, 1974 - 1979 Per Capita Personal Disposable Income, Edmonton, Alberta and Canada, 1974 - 1979 Average Weekly Wages and Salaries Industrial Composite, Edmonton, Alberta and Canada, 1974 - 1979 Inter-City Indexes of Retail Price Differentials as of September, 1979
46 47 48 49 50
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- iv Table II - 2.6
Table II - 2.7 Table II - 2.8 Table II - 2.9 Table II - 2.10 Table II - 2.11 Table II - 2.12
3.
51
52 53
54 55 56 57
LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT Table II - 3.1
Table II - 3.2
4.
Yearly Percentage Change of New Housing Prices in Selected Canadian Cities, 1974 - 1979 New Housing Price Indexes in Selected Cities, Serviced Lots Only, 1975 - 1979 New Housing Price Indexes in Selected Cities, Structure Only, 1975 - 1979 Basic Union Wage Rate Indexes for Selected Major Cities - Average of 16 Construction Trades, 1974 - 1979 Individual Incomes and Taxes Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 Comparative Average Income Per Tax Return, 1974 - 1979 Comparison of Provincial Taxes and Fees, 1979
Labour Force Participation Rate and Unemployment Rate - Edmonton Metro, Alberta and Canada 1974 - 1979 Employment Indexes - Industrial Composite, Edmonton, Alberta and Canada, 1974 - 1979
59
60
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING Table II - 4.1 Table II - 4.2 Table II - 4.3
Table II - 4.4
Table II - 4.5 Table II - 4.6 Table II - 4.7 Table II - 4.8 Table II - 4.9 Table II - 4.10
Selected Canadian Interest Rates, 1974 - 1979 Value and Building Permits, Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 Housing Starts and Completions, Edmonton and Edmonton Metro, 1974 - 1979 Housing Starts by Type of Dwelling, Edmonton and Edmonton Metro, 1974 1979 Number of Dwelling Units, Edmonton 1974 - 1979 Number of Dwelling Units by Type of Dwelling, Edmonton, 1979 Apartment Vacancy Rate, Edmonton Metro, 1974 - 1979 Office Space Availability in Downtown Buildings as of May, 1980 Market Growth and Absorption Analysis, 1974 - 1979 Total Commercial Space by Regional Shopping Center at December 3, 1979
65 66
67
68 69 70 71 72 73 74
-vTable II - 4.11 Table II - 4.12
Apartment Rents in Edmonton by Type of Unit, 1974 - 1979 Costs of Home Ownership in Edmonton, 1974 - 1979
75 76
SOCIAL FACTORS 1.
CRIMES, TRAFFIC AND FIRE Table III - 1.1 Table III - 1.2 Table III - 1.3 Table III - 1.4 Table III - 1.5
2.
Number of Crimes, 1974 - 1979 Child Abuse, City of Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 Edmonton Traffic Accidents, 1974 - 1979 . . . Motor Vehicle Registration by Class, Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 Number of Fire Calls and Causes of Building Fires, 1974 - 1979
80 81 82 83 84
HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES Table III - 2.1 Table III - 2.2 Table III - 2.3 Table III
2.4
Table III - 2.5 Table III - 2.6 Table III - 2.7 Table III - 2.8 Table III - 2.9
Principal Cause of Death, Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 88 Selected Births and Death, Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 89 Marital Status by Sex, Edmonton Metropolitan Area, 1971 and 1976 90 Divorce Rates, Canada, Alberta and Edmonton Judicial District, 1974 - 1979 • • • 91 Marriage Rates, Canada, Alberta and Edmonton, 1974 - 1979 92 Number of Day Care 93 Social Assistance Caseloads, 1974 - 1979 . . 94 Social Welfare Recipients in Edmonton, 95 1974 - 1979 Number of Existing Social Housing Units by Program as of February,1980 96
1
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EDMONTON STATISTICAL REVIEW, 1974-1979
VOLUME I: THE EDMONTON AREA ENVIRONMENT
PREFACE
The Edmonton Statistical Review is an annual publication which provides historical information on environmental conditions and resource utilization in Edmonton. Although designed mainly to assist City Council and the City Administration in the formulation of long-range corporate plans and policies, it is hoped that this document might also prove useful to interested citizens, businesses and organizations.
Unlike in previous years, the 1974 - 1979 issue of the Edmonton Statistical Review has been divided into two volumes, namely, Volume I: The Edmonton Area Environment and Volume II: Corporate Resources of the City of Edmonton.
Volume I provides statistical information in demographic and socio-economic conditions in Edmonton and its environment. It is made up of three sections: Section I deals with demographic factors such as population growth and age structure; Section II discusses economic factors in the areas of output and trade, prices and income, labour and employment and construction and housing; and lastly, Section III presents statistical information on social factors like crime, fire, vehicular traffic and health.
All sections of the Statistical Review contain various sub-sections each composed of a brief narrative accompanied by relevant statistical tables and figures. The narrative is intended only to highlight some of the more important information contained within the tables.
Although it is the objective to provide as many variables of pertinent information as possible in this Review, undoubtedly some information may have either been inadvertently omitted or may not have been readily available and as such was not included. It is hoped that in future publications these omissions will be corrected.
During the preparation of this document we have received invaluable assistance from various departments within the City of Edmonton as well as from other government agencies such as Statistics Canada, Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Edmonton Regional Planning Commission, Edmonton Public School Board, Edmonton Separate School Board, University of Alberta, Grant MacEwan Community College, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, and Alberta Department of Education. We are grateful for this assistance.
-1E2ECUTIVE SUMMARY
The "Edmonton Statistical Review, 1974 - 1979, Volume I: The Edmonton Area Environment" describes the demographic and socio-economic conditions in Edmonton and its surrounding areas from 1974 through 1979. The following summary outlines the highlights of each of the three sections of the report.
I. Demographic Factors The population of the City of Edmonton rose 2.7% to 491,359 in 1979. This rate was higher than the 1974 - 1979 average growth rate of 1.9% per annum. The population of Edmonton Metro and Edmonton Sub-Region increased by 2.6% and 3.1%, respectively during the same period.
With respect to age structure, Edmonton's population was found to be more mature in 1979 than in 1976. Both the median age and mean age were higher in 1979. The proportion of those below 15 years was lower while the proportion of those 65 and above was higher. The dependency ratio, defined as the ratio of under 15 and 65 and over, to population 15 through 64, was lower at 36.9% in 1979 compared to 44.8% in 1976.
There was a tendency for Edmonton's population to move from the older neighborhoods to the new outline plan areas. This changed the distribution of the population among the different wards, human service delivery areas and census tracts.
7
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II. Economic Factors Canada experienced an economic slow down in 1979 with a real growth rate of 2.9%. The Canadian dollar depreciated with respect to the U.S. dollar and most other foreign currencies. At 9.1%, inflation in Canada in 1979 was higher than in the previous three years. Average weekly wages and salaries rose by only 8.6% over 1978.
With the development of Northern Alberta's energy resources, both Alberta's and Edmonton's economy continued to flourish through 1979. Indicators of economic activity such as value of manufacturer's shipments, retail trade and value of cheques cashed rose significantly for both the Province and the City in 1979.
Alberta's unemployment rate of 3.9% was the lowest among the provinces during that year; Edmonton's unemployment rate was even lower at 3.7%. In 1979, Edmonton had a per capita disposable income of $8,871, which was 13.0% higher than the Province's $7,832 and 22% higher than the national average of $7,286.
III. Social Factors The total number of crimes reported in Edmonton rose 6.2% to 70,020 in 1979. New cases of juvenile probation decreased 30.8% from 78 in 1978 to 54 in 1979. Child abuse cases also declined from 102 reported cases in 1978 to 89 in 1979.
-
- 3 Total traffic accidents increased 12.3% to 23,352 in 1979. This high rate of increase could be attributed to the significant increase in injury accidents of 77.5% that year.
Fire calls totalled 3,215 in 1979, representing a substantial increase of 33.4% over total fire calls in 1978. Annual fire loss was estimated to be $10.7 million, a decline from $12.5 million in 1978.
Circulatory diseases continued to be the main causes of death in Edmonton accounting for 947 deaths in 1979. Infant mortality declined that year while illegitimate births continued to increase.
Between 1974 and 1979, the total number of day care placements in Edmonton more than doubled from 2,713 to 5,537.
Total social assistance caseloads decreased 6.9% from 12,378 persons in 1978 to 11,530 persons in 1979.
As of February, 1980, a total of 14,348 social housing units were in existence in Edmonton.
I. DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
1. THE EDMONTON SUB-REGION The Edmonton Sub-Region has a total area of approximately 2,634 square miles. In addition to Edmonton proper, it includes portions of the counties of Strathcona, Leduc and Parkland and the Municipal District of Sturgeon adjacent to and around the municipal boundaries of the City of Edmonton. (Figure I - 1.1).
Edmonton Sub-Region population totalled 652,881 in 1979. This was 32.5% of the total population of Alberta. Population growth. was 20,434 or 3.2% for the Sub-Region during the year, representing 34.6% of the total growth in Alberta. These figures indicate that the rate of population growth in the Sub-Region in 1979 was higher than that of Alberta as a whole. (Tables I - 1.2, I - 1.3 and I - 1.4).
THE EDMONTON CENSUS METROPOLITAN AREA (EDMONTON METRO) The boundaries of Edmonton Metro are shown in Figure I - 1.1. Census Metropolitan Areas, as defined by Statistics Canada, are comprised of (1)municipalities completely or partly inside the urbanized core, and (2)other municipalities, if (a) at least 40% of the employed labour force living in the municipality works in the urbanized core, or (b) at least 25% of the employed labour force working in the municipality lives in the urbanized core.
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Edmonton Metro's population in 1979 was 599,035 or about 30% of Alberta's total population. It grew by 2.9% or 16,693 that year. The average annual rate of increase of Edmonton Metro population for the period 1974 - 1979 was 2.6% about half a percentage point lower than the Sub-Region's average growth rate of 3.1%. (Tables I - 1.2, I - 1.3, I - 1.4).
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.--
edmonton sub-region
Political and Administrative Units Within the Edmonton Sub-region (1980 Boundaries)
Edmonton Sub-region area:
/../ ////21/// //i:
7,094 square kilometers (2,739 square miles)
ID Legal
//.444///
Redwater
*City of Edmonton area: / 4ZWAYIZ,
331 square kilometers (127 square miles)
Don Accord a ?li Gibbons MarlowIlle
The area surrounding and including the City of Edmonton has, for the purpose of political administration and research, been officially divided into a number of geographical areas. These are described below:
of
M. D.
Sturgeon Fort Saskatchewan
I
St. Albert
City of Edmonton - The municipality of Edmonton bounded by the city limits as depicted. Spruce Grove
Stony Plain
Edmonton Census Metropolitan Area - The metropolitan area of the City of Edmonton as defined by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, 1971 and Statistics Canada, 1975. The area is comprised of the City of Edmonton and all lands within the County of Strathcona and, with the exception of a recent boundary adjustment, all the lands within the Municipal District of Sturgeon.
Sherwood Park
County County
of
of
Parkland
. :Immftwamemmacmmeamamx0 Beaumont
evon
nThorshy
County
Leduc
of
• :A
Legend
Edmonton Sub-region boundary Census Metropolitan Area boundary
0
__ eleholitOn
PLANNING
January 1980
As of December 31, 1979, the total land area of the City of Edmonton was 123.45 square miles or 320.97 square kilomctres. The annexation of 3.55 square miles northeast and southwest of the City came into effect on January 1, 1980.
City of Edmonton and surrounding urban areas County boundaries
- I e1n2Ta '1 I
;
Edmonton Sub-region - That portion of the Edmonton hinterland which serves as a labour and housing market area. The area is comprised of the City of Edmonton and all lands within the County of Strathcona and Municipal District of Sturgeon. In addition, the Edmonton Sub-region consists of portions of the Counties of Parkland and Leduc which results in a geographic unit which is more representative than the Census Metropolitan Area with respect to the physical, economic and social interaction within the Edmonton area.
TABLE I - 1.2 EDMONTON METRO AND SUB-REGION POPULATION. 1974-1979
MUNICIPALITIES
1974
1975
(1) 1976
1977
1978
1979
Edmonton
445,691
451,635
461,361
471,474
478,066
491,359
St. Albert
19,498
21,343
24,129
25,543
27,408
28,718
Sherwood Park
24,969e
26,166
26,534
26,500e
26,500e
26,496
Fort Saskatchewan
7,312
7,890
8,304
9,586
10,104
10,773
Morinville
1,782
1,881
2,097
2,198
2,500e
3,398
Gibbons
761
874
1,093
1,112
1,250
1,507
Bon Accord
581
747
882
916
1,099
1,156
739
801
874
934
1,000
1,032
Legal Strathcona (Co.)
(2)
Sturgeon (M.D.)
14,222e
15,744
17,250e
19,465e
19,552
12,40R
12,861
1R.700e
14,450e
15,044
526,383
537,088
553,879
569,213
581,842
599,035
2.19
2.03
3.13
2.77
2.22
2.95
13,130e 12,000e
EDMONTON METRO POPULATION % Increase
Leduc
6,513
8,214
8,576
9,128
10,554
11,016
Spruce Grove
5,610
6,135
6,907
7,137
7,874
8,411
Stony Plain
2,316
2,550e
2,717
3,040
3,433
3,884
Devon
1,850e
2,268
2,786
3,100e
3,336
3,475
Beaumont
412e
532
851
1,045
1,235
1,546
Calmar
850e
855e
872
960e
924e
934
Thorsby
610e
620
657
735
786
788
225
231
237
240e
249
282
8,565°
9,581 e
11,300e
12,215e
13,571 e
15,087
71511 e
7,547e
7.689
7.898e
8.149e
8,429
New Sarepta (3)
Parkland (Co.) Leduc (Co.) (3)
EDMONTON SUB-REGION POPULATION % Increase
560,005
575,225
594,875
612,979
631,947
652,881
2.60
2.72
3.42
3.04
3.09
3.31
SOURCE: Edmonton Regional Planning Commission. NOTES: (1) Canada Census figures are shown for 1976. (2)Excluding Sherwood Park and above-mentioned towns and cities. (3) Excluding above-mentioned towns and cities, including only those portions which are included in the sub-region. The percentages of population which are included in the sub-region for the period 1974-1979 are, for Parkland County: 57.1%, 60.4%, 63.6%, 63.6%, 64.0% and 65.6% and for Leduc County: 70.2%, 70.2%, 70.2%, 70.2%, 70.2% and 70.7%. e Estimated.
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1
1
I
TABLE I-1.3 COMPARATIVE POPULATION STATISTICS EDMONTON, EDMONTON METRO, EDMONTON SUB-REGION AND ALBERTA, 1974-1979 1974 (Spring)
1975 (Spring)
1976 (June)
1977 (Spring)
1978 (Spring)
1979 (Spring)
Average Annual % Increase 1974-1979
Edmonton Population
445,691
451,635
461,361*
471,474
478,066
491,359
1.97
Edmonton-Metro Population
526,383
537,088
553,879
569,713
582,342
599,035
2.62
Edmonton Sub-Region Population
560,005
575,225
594,875
612,979
631,947
652,881
3.12
1,722,000
1,778,000
1,838,000
1,890,000
1,950,000
2,009,000
3.13
Sub-Region as % of Alberta
32.52
32.35
32.37
32.43
32.41
32.50
Metro as % of Alberta
30.57
30.21
30.13
30.14
29.86
29.82
Edmonton as % of Metro
84.67
84.09
83.30
83.03
82.10
82.03
Edmonton as % of Sub-Region
79.59
78.51
77.56
76.92
75.65
75.26
Edmonton as % of Alberta
25.88
25.40
25.10
24.95
24.52
24.46
Alberta Population
SOURCE(s):
(1) Edmonton Executive Services Department, Edmonton Civic Census (2) Edmonton Regional Planning Commission, Table 1-1.2. (3) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review *
Canada Census figures are shown for 1976. from Civic census was 461,559.
Edmonton Population
1 m 1
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TABLE I - 1.4 EDMONTON POPULATION GROWTH AS PERCENT OF EDMONTON METRO'S. SUB-REGION'S AND ALBERTA'S. 1974-1979
1974 1975 1976 (Spring) (Spring) (June)
1977 1979 1978 (Spring) (Spring) (Spring)
Edmonton's Growth
3,326
5,944
9,726
10,113
6,592
13,293
Edmonton-Metro's Growth
11,287
10,705
16,791
15,834
12,629
16,693
Edmonton SubRegion's Growth
14,188
15,220
19,650
18,604
18,968
20,434
Alberta's Growth
32,000
56,000
60,000
52,000
60,000
59,000
Sub-Region as % of Alberta
44.34
27.18
32.75
35.78
31.61
34.63
Metro as % of Alberta
35.27
19.11
27.98
30.45
21.05
28.29
Edmonton as % of Metro
29.47
55.53
57.92
63.87
52.20
79.63
Edmonton as % of Sub-Region
23.44
39.05
49.50
54.36
34.75
65.05
Edmonton as % of Alberta
10.39
10.61
16.21
19.45
10.99
22.53
SOURCE(s): Computed from TABLE I - 1.3.
/
2. THE CITY OF EDMONTON A. POPULATION GROWTH AND STRUCTURE The total City of Edmonton population in 1979 was 491,359, representing 82.0% of Edmonton Metro's population, 75.3% of Edmonton Sub-Region's population and 24.5% of Alberta's total population. (Table I - 1.3).
Population growth in the same year totalled 13,293 persons, of which 5,563 or 41.8% were estimated to be due to natural increase (births deaths) and 7,730 or 58.2% due to net migration. The growth rate during the year was 2.8%, twice the 1.4% growth rate recorded in 1978. For the period 1974 - 1979 the average annual population growth rate was 1.9%. (Table I - 2.1).
A comparison of the age structure of Edmonton population in 1976 and 1979 showed some indications that in general, Edmonton's population has matured over these years. The median age in 1979 of approximately 27.75 years was higher than that of 1976 which was 26.25 years. Mean age likewise increased from 28.4 years to 31.7 years. While the proportion of children below 15 years declined from 23.8% to 19.7%, the proportion of the population aged 65 and over rose from 7.1% to 7.2%. (Table I - 2.2).
The most recently available Federal Census data (1971 and 1976) recorded an 18.5% increase in the number of households in the City of Edmonton, up to 155,490 in 1976 from 131,210 in 1971, and a 5.5% increase in the number of families, up to 113,135 in 1976 from 107,255 in 1971. Household size declined to 3.0 persons from 3.3 persons in 1971, and family size declined to 3.3 persons from 3.6 persons in 1971. (Table I - 2.3).
As further evidence of the decline in family size, analysis of data for the years 1971 and 1976 showed a decreasing proportion of families with five and six or more persons with a concurrent increasing proportion of families with two or three members. (Table I - 2.4).
In 1979, there were 17.2 births and 5.9 deaths per 1,000 population in Edmonton. These were slightly higher than corresponding figures for 1978. On the other hand, marriages per 1,000 population decreased slightly from 10.8 in 1978 to 10.7 in 1979. (Table I - 2.5).
B. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION A review of the City's 12 small areas for human service delivery (Figure I - 2.8) revealed a trend for the population to move from centrally located older neighborhoods to the new residential developments in the outline plan areas. Between 1974 and 1979, a decrease in population was registered in small areas 1, 2, 6, 9 and 12. On the other hand, small area 11, which includes Mill Woods, had a sizeable increase of 696.4% from 3,636 in 1974 to 28,956 in 1979. Small areas 3, 5, 8 and 10 likewise had increases ranging from 31.7% to 91.1%.
The ward system divides the City into 4 political segments with approximately equal population sizes. However, because of more rapid population growth in some parts of the City compared to others, the population distribution among the four Edmonton wards was less than equitable in 1979. Ward IV, with and average annual population growth rate of 5.0% between 1974 and 1979, had 29.8% of the total Edmonton population, while Ward III, the population of which decreased 0.7% per annum from 1974 to 1979, had only 20.8%.
- 12 Wards I and II had relatively stable population sizes equalling 25.3% and 24.1% of the total in 1979, respectively. (Figure I - 2.6 and Table I - 2.7).
As stated above, Edmonton's population tended to move to the outline plan areas of the City. In 1974 only 3.9% of the City's total population was in outline plan areas, compared to 19.7% in 1979. (Table I - 2.11).
-13 -
TABLE I - 2.1 EDMONTON POPULATION GROWTH, 1974 - 1979
Year
Natural Assumed Total Increase(2) Net Total 1) (Births-Deaths) Migration(3) Change % Change Population(
197)4
445,691
2,045
1,281
3,326
0.75
1975
451,635
4,848
1,096
5,944
1.33
1976
461,361
5,257
4,469
9,726
2.15
1977
471,474
5,346
4,767
10,113
2.19
1978
478,066
5,307
1,285
6,592
1.40
1979
491,359
5,563
7,730
13,293
2.78
SOURCE(s): (1) Edmonton Executive Services Department, Edmonton Civic Census. (2) Edmonton Local Board of Health. These figures have been adjusted from the Local Board of Health annual statistics to allow for the difference between the Civic Census Year and the calendar year. (3) Net migration is defined as the difference between in-migration and out-migration. Its figure is obtained by subtracting the natural increase from the total population change.
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TABLE I - 2,2 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EDMONTON POPULATION BY AGE GROUP. 1976 and 1979
1976 % of Age
1979 % of
% Change
Persons
Total
Persons
Total
0 - 4
33,435
7.2
29,615
6.0
-11.4
5 -
9
35,205
7.6
32,000
6.5
- 9.1
10 - 14
41,650
9.0
35,585
7.2
-14.6
15 - 19
50,095
10.9
46,885
9.5
- 6.4
20 - 24
59,025
12.8
70,240
14.3
19.0
25 - 29
44,350
9.6
58,130
11.8
31.1
30 - 34
30,630
6.6
40,340
8.2
31.7
35 - 39
25,740
5.6
29,710
6.0
15.4
40 - 44
25,750
5.6
26,615
5.4
3.4
45
49
25,355
5.5
25,850
5.3
2.0
50 - 54
23,485
5.1
24,445
5.0
4.1
55 - 59
18,380
4.0
20,945
4.3
14.0
60 - 64
15,325
3.3
15,470
3.1
1.0
65 and Over
12,845
1,1
"5,520
7.2
8.1
461,60
100.0
491,R50
100.0
TOTAL
Source:
Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, #95-727
1976-1979
- 15 TABLE I - 2.3 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES, EDMONTON AND EDMONTON METRO 1971 AND 1976
EDMONTON
1971
1976
Total Change 1971-1976
Households: - number - size
131,210
155,490
3.3
3.0
107,255
113,135
3.6
3.3
144,815
179,635
3.3
3.1
118,215
135,690
3.6
3.4
+18.5% - 0.3 persons
Family: - number - size
+ 5.5 - 0.3 persons
EDMONTON METRO Households: - number - size
+24.0% - 0.2 persons
Family: - number - size SOURCE:
+14.8% - 0.2 persons
Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, #95-727
DEFINITION: Households A census household consists of a person or group of persons occupying one dwelling. It usually consists of a family group with or without lodgers, employees, etc. However, it may consist of two or more families sharing a dwelling, or a group of unrelated persons or of one person living alone. Families - A census family consists of a husband and wife with or without unmarried children, or a parent with one or more children, never married, living in the same dwelling. A family may also consist of a man or woman living with a guardinaship child or ward under 21 years for whom no pay was received.
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- 16 TABLE I - 2.4 FAMILIES BY NUMBER OF PERSONS. EDMONTON. 1971 and 1976 1971 No.
1976 No.
Families by Number of Persons Two
32,400
30.2
42,450
37.5
Three
22,125
20.6
24.410
21.6
Four
24,100
22.5
25,130
22.2
Five
15,260
14.2
13,030
11.5
Six +
13,370
12.5
8,115
7.1
Total Families
107,255
100.0
113,135
100.0
Average Number of Perons per Family
*SOURCE:
3.6
3.3
Census of Canada, 1971, Households, Household Composition, Catalogue 93-701, Bulletin 2. 1-4; and Census of Canada, 1976, Families, Catalogue 93-821, Bulletin 4.2
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- 17 -
TABLE I - 2.5 BIRTHS. DEATHS. AND MARRIAGES IN EDMONTON, 1974 - 1979
Calendar Year
Births per 1,000 Number Population
Deaths per 1,000 Number Population
Natural Increases* Marriages per 1,000 per 1,000 Number Population Number Population
1974
7,384
16.6
2,661
6.0
4,723
10.6
4,873
10.9
1975
7,878
17.4
2,667
5.9
5,211
11.6
5,212
11.5
1976
8,027
17.4
2,672
5.8
5,355
11.4
5,324
11.5
1977
8,085
17.1
2,764
5.8
5,321
11.3
5,245
11.1
1978
8,044
16.8
2,778
5.8
5,266
11.0
5,144
10.8
1979
8,438
17.2
2,875
5.9
5,563
11.3
5,266
10.7
SOURCE:
The Local Board of Health, Annual Report
* These figures are different from those contained in Table I - 1.4 where the civic census year, rather than the calendar year, is used.
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- 18 EDMONTON WARD BOUNDARIES, 1979 Figure I — 2.6
CITY LIMITS
111111111111
WARD BOUNDARY
V1111111144
:11111111
WNS RO
II III I II III II
al53
11411111111111111; VIIII XIII.
ugh • •
1111111 11111. S' 118
AVE
111
AVE
ONY PLAIN ROAD
8
79 AVE
3
51 AVE WH
1
AVE
a IN
MVO DRIVE
AILL
••
1111111118111111111 23
AVE
!pun. Limggesegiguaggetimaigaimislig.,
ast•
Source: Edmonton Planning Department
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0
TABLE I - 2.7 EDMONTON POPULATION BY WARD, 1974 - 1979
YEAR
WARD IV WARD III WARD II WARD I PERSONS % OF TOTAL PERSONS % OF TOTAL PERSONS % OF TOTAL PERSONS % OF TOTAL
1974
115,379
25.9
109,914
24.7
105,744
23.7
114,645
25.7
445,691
1975
115,580
25.6
111,120
24.6
105,718
23.4
119,217
26.4
451,635
1976
118,027
25.6
113,197
24.5
105,653
22.9
124,682
27.0
461,559
1977
119,075
25.3
113,386
24.0
107,464
22.8
131,549
27.9
471,474
1978
121,049
25.3
114,504
24.0
104,068
21.8
138,445
29.0
478,066
1979
124,192
25.3
118,524
24.1
102,048
20.8
146,595
29.8
491,359
TOTAL
Average % Change 1974-79
SOURCE
1.5
1.5
-0.7
5.0
Edmonton Executive Services Department, Edmonton Civic Census.
2.0
-
-
-
-20-
EDrONTON POPULATION BY SMALL AREA 1974
TO
1979
Figure I - 2.8 J111111111111111111G
LEGEND: 1111111111' :11152111=
1. 1974 POPULATION 2. 1979 POPULATION
= 153
% CHANGE 1974 - 1979
3,
oWNS RD
•
:5
rlimamose 'sill 11111°
a
✓ 11)1lllll 1=
31,072'`-- 1. 2. 40,926 3. (31.7)
1. 2.
• •
53,145 (-2.4) 17
127
• mu 1111111 11111. 118
2. 3. /
)
1. 2. 3.
34,744 31,114 (-10.4)
,l. 2. 3.
MUNICIPAL AMPIORT
AVE
7
AVE
50,088 2 44,719 3. (-10.7)
41,568 36,972 (-11.1
118
AVE
2 •36,721 . 34,774 • (-5.3)
9 73TONY PLAIN ROAD,
AVE
98
8
o-
01
8
9
79 AVE
1. •2. 3.
1. 17,477 2. 33,405 -3. (91.1)
67,439 60,265 (-10.6)
56,267 52,603 (-6.5)
51 AVE
5/
AVE
W-IITEMUO DRIVE
1. 24,176 2. 35,280 .(458) •
11111111
III 111111 23 AVE
•
•
Source: Edmonton Planning Department
MILL
. 2. -3.
11 3,636 28,956 (696.4)
28,037 39,200' (39.8)
.
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- 21 CENSUS TRACTS BOUNDARIES Figure I - 2.9
I/1111111e 062111111.
0
CITY LIMITS
211111111III
78 at
CENSUS BOUNDARY
111111111111111. AA 111211111
- 77 - - 76 _
a
I 1 lllllllll
75.02
AV
Row
AIRPORT
64 11$
62
58
AVE
51 I
52 I•
a
42
• yr
49
?•,„
A:
6 87
A vENLJE
. 4711 r ail
25
20
A LT
$? AVE
-o AVE
CNI
18
ARGYLL Fr AD
a
DLI,VC
a
• 1111111111811111S1 ••
90
a AVE
23
• till a a) m s most
IIlIIuuIl'uIlI,'I'lIlII'', 111111 111
Source: Edmonton Planning Department
_
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TABLE I - 2.10 EDMONTON POPULATION BY CENSUS TRACT - 1974 and 1979
Census Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 245
1974 9,406 9,573 6,948 5,227 4,580 4,453 7,667 4,870 7,431 5,107 6,304 9,353 4,306 4,705 4,656 4,277 4,313 307 5,147 6,967 6,069 4,684 8,755 4,649 4,092 8,056 6,992 7,088 6,953 4,197 5,553 7,266 5,073 6,752 3,769 4,660 5,736 4,600 6,778 6,245 5,540 8,754 3,760 6,395 2,700
1979
% CHANGE 1974 - 1979 Increase (Decrease)
15,057 14,656 6,193 5,693 5,857 20,035 8,150 4,715 6,552 4,559 5,817 8,209 4,142 4,178 4,068 3,769 3,853 214 4,591 6,444 5,912 4,075 7,594 4,066 3,540 7,259 6,127 6,453 6,363 4,515 5,083 6,726 5,603 5,958 3,237 4,047 5,475 4,149 6,046 5,506 4,891 8,314 3,300 5,668 2,486
60.08 53.10 (10.87) 8.32 27.88 349.92 6.30 (3.18) (11.83) (10.73) (7.73) (12.23) (3.81) (11.20) (12.63) (11.88) (10.67) (30.29) (10.80) (7.51) (2.59) (13.00) (13.26) (12.5)4) (13.49) (9.89) (12.37) (8.96) (8.49) 7.58 (8.46) (7.43) 10.45 (11.76) (14.12) (13.15) (4.55) (9.80) (10.80) (11.83) (11.71) (5.03) (12.23) (11.37) (7.93)
- 23 -
Census Tract 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 90
SOURCE:
1974
1912
% CHANGE 1974 - 1979 Increase (Decrease)
4,942 6,367 4,390 4,892 4,869 3,647 5,258 4,929 4,990 4,993 4,642 3,318 6,653 6,893 7,253 4,265 4,116 5,984 3,196 7,975 5,584 5,643 6,760 4,708 5,668 5,467 5,551 5,191 106 7,973 9,575 10,324 5,350 3,506
4,461 5,445 3,845 4,326 4,664 3,071 5,037 4,480 4,225 4,347 3,971 2,708 6,749 6,249 6,817 3,903 3,803 5,084 2,887 6,858 5,002 5,025 5,920 4,053 4,963 5,032 4,901 5,089 84 22,711 8,928 10,416 18,308 28,872
(9.73) (14.48) (12.41) (11.57) (4.21) (10.79) (4.20) (9.11) (15.33) (12.94) (1)4.45) (18.38) 1.44 (9.3) 4) (6.01) (8.49) (7.60) (15.04) (9.67) (14.01) (10.42) (10.95) (12.43) (13.91) (12.44) (7.96) (11.71) (1.96) (20.75) 184.85 (6.76) 0.89 242.21 723.50
Edmonton Executive Services Department, Edmonton Civic Census
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TABLE I - 2.11
EDMONTON POPULATION BY OUTLINE PLAN AREA, 1974-1979
1911
Jam
1976
Ian
laza
laza
Population Change 1974-1979
West Jasper Place
4,453
6,150
7,213
11,018
15,579
20,035
15,582
Castle Downs
2,034
2,927
4,688
7,845
14,176
18,121
16,087
North-East Edmonton
2,168
2,238
5,315
9,805
11,640
15,512
13,344'
Mill Woods
3,943
7,117
11,967
15,675
21,209
28,828
24,885
1,049
2,130
4,891
7,241
8,416
8,416
4,580
5,288
5,782
5,739
5,793
5,857
1,277
17,178
24,769
37,095
54,973
75,637
96,769
79.591
4,123
7,591
12,326
17,878
20,664
21,132
445,691
451,635
461,361
471,474
478,066
491,359
3,326
5,944
9,726
10,113
6,592
13,293
% of Total City Pop. in Outline Plan Areas
3.85
5.48
8.04
11.66
15.82
19.69
Outline Plan Growth as % of Total Population Growth
124
128
126.7
176.8
313.47
Kaskitayo Riverbend-Terwillegar TOTAL
TOTAL Increase for Outline Plan Areas TOTAL City Pdpulation ANNUAL City Population Change
SOURCE: Edmonton Planning Department
1158.97
n.)
1
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II. ECONOMIC FACTORS
1. OUTPUT AND TRADE A. CANADA The Canadian economy continued to perform poorly in 1979 with its real growth rate declining further to 2.9%. (Table II - 1.1). This can be tied in closely with the economic environment in the United States, Canada's leading trade partner, that buys about 70% of Canadian exports and provides about 70% of Canadian imports.
In spite of the devaluation of the Canadian dollar in 1979 with respect to most foreign currencies including the U.S. dollar (Table II - 1.3), the anticipated increase in merchandise trade surplus did not materialize since merchandise export to the U.S. remained close to 1978 levels. The rate of increase of merchandise trade surplus decreased to 17.8% in 1979 compared to 23.6% and 97.2% in the two preceding years. Canadian balance of payments only slightly improved with a current account deficit of $5.0 billion in 1979 compared to $5.3 billion in 1978. (Table II - 1.2).
The rapid rise in U.S. interest rates as a result of U.S. efforts to curb inflation likewise had some indirect impact on the Canadian economy. Canada had to match U.S. interest rate increases in an effort to prevent further devaluation of the Canadian dollar and eventual rise in domestic inflation. This caused a slump in the highly interest rate sensitive housing industry, thus contributing to the Canadian economic slow down.
-
-
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However, one sector that showed strong growth. was the manufacturing industry. Total public and private investment in manufacturing amounted to $11.2 billion in 1979, representing a 14.7% increase over 1978. This compared favourably against the 1978 increase of 5.1% and the 1974 - 1979 average annual increase of 9.1% (Table II - 1.4). The growth of the value of manufacturer's shipments also remained strong at 16.6% in 1979, averaging 12.8% per annum over the period 1974 - 1979. (Table II - 1.8).
B. ALBERTA In contrast to the national economy and owing mainly to its rich energy resources, Alberta's economy continued to flourish in 1979. Alberta's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at factor cost increased by 23.7%, up from the previous year's rate of increase of 16.1% and higher than the 1974 1979 annual average of 19.1%. On the other hand, Canadian GDP at factor cost increased by only 14.2% in 1979 and the average annual rate of increase over 1974 - 1979 was much lower than Alberta's at 12.7%. The share of the Province in the national GDP increased steadily from 10.3% in 1974 to 13.6% in 1979. (Table II - 1.5). The disparity between the per capita GDP of Alberta and that of Canada has also been increasing over the years with Alberta's per capita GDP of $16,193 being 60% higher than that of Canada in 1979, compared to the 33% difference in 1974. (Table II - 1.6)
Almost 50% of the value of total Canadian mineral production of $26.1 billion in 1979 was accounted for by Alberta, and 97% of Alberta's share or $12.5 billion came from fuel production. Alberta's fuel production as a percentage of Canada's rose from 84.14% in 1974 to 86.01% in 1979. (Table II - 1.7).
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_
- 27 As in the national situation, Alberta's manufacturing industry continued to perform well in 1979. Total value of manufacturer's shipments amounted to $8.7 billion, up by 21.2% from 1978 and by an average annual rate of 18.0% from 1974. (Table II - 1.8). The concentration of public and private investment in manufacturing remained in Ontario, as that province accounted for 48.7% of total capital and repair expenditures in Canada in 1979. Alberta, on the other hand, accounted for only 8.9% of the national total. (Table II - 1.9).
Retail sales in Alberta totalled $8.1 billion in 1979, representing an 18.7% increase over 1978 and an average annual rate of increase of 17.3% over the 1974 - 1979 period. (Table II - 1.10).
In 1979, the value of cheques cashed in Alberta rose by 30.4% to $323.6 billion from the 1978 total of $248.1 billion. This represented an average annual increase of 24.3% since 1974. (Table II - 1.11).
C. EDMONTON Edmonton's economy continued to prosper with the rest of the Province. Retail sales were up 16.7% in 1978 to a total of $3.2 billion. This represented 46.7% of total retail sales in Alberta, a proportion that also increased from the previous year's share of 45.9%. (Table II 1.10). By kind of business, automotive-related sales made up the largest portion of retail trade in Edmonton with total sales amounting to $1.2 billion in 1978. Automotive-related businesses have also accounted for an increasing proportion of total retail sales over the years, from 27.7% in 1975 to 37.0% in 1978. (Table II - 1.12).
- 28 -
The value of cheques cashed in Edmonton rose 26.7% in 1979 to a total of $133.4 billion. This represented 41.2% of the total value of cheques cashed in Alberta. The rate of increase in 1979 was the highest since 1976. (Table II - 1.11).
Public and private investments in manufacturing industries in Edmonton increased slightly by 0.2% in 1979 to a total of $423.0 billion. This represented 42.3% of Alberta's total and 3.8% of Canada's total investment in that industry. (Table II - 1.4).
While Edmonton's total manufacturing investments remained close to 1978 levels, the value of the City's manufacturer's shipments continued to grow in 1979 to an estimated total of $3.8 billion, up by 17.4% from the previous year. The average annual rate of increase for the period 1974 1979 was 20.1%. (Table II - 1.8).
By industry, petroleum and coal products accounted for the largest portion of manufacturer's shipments in 1977 with $1.1 billion or 38.1% of the total. Second in importance was the food and beverage industry with $0.6 billion or 21.6% of the total. (Table II - 1.13).
- 29 -
TABLE II - 1.1 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT*, CANADA 1974 - 1979 GNP at Market Prices $ million
% Growth
GNP in 1971 Dollars $ million
% Growth
1974
147,528
19.4
111,678
3.6
1975
165,343
12.1
113,005
1.2
1976
191,166
15.6
119,116
5.4
1977
209,379
9.5
121,949
2.4
1978
230,407
10.0
126,127
3.4
1979
260,533
13.1
129,826
2.9
Average Annual % change 1974-1979
12.1
3.1
Source: Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review, April 1980 Gross National Product is defined as the value of total production attributable to Canadians, regardless of where that production takes place.
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TABLE II - 1.2 CANADIAN BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CURRENT ACCOUNT 1974 - 1979 ($ million) Year
Merchandise Trade
Services
Transfers
Current Account Balance
1974
1,689
-3,706
557
-1,460
1975
- 451
-4,686
380
-4,757
1976
1,388
-5,760
530
-3,842
1977
2,737
-7,453
417
-4,299
1978
3,382
-8,727
43
-5,302
1979
3,985
-9,624
620
-5,019
Source:
Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review, April 1980
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TABLE II - 1.3 PRICE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES IN CANADA* (1974-1979) (average of daily rates)
'Currency
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
French Franc
0.204
0.238
0.207
0.217
0.254
0.276
German Mark
0.379
0.414
0.393
0.459
0.569
0.639
Italian Lira
0.00150
0.00156
0.00119
0.00121
0.00135
0.00141
Japanese Yen
0.00336
0.00343
0.00333
0.00393
0.00548
0.00537
Swiss Franc
0.330
0.393
0.395
0.445
0.644
0.705
Pound Sterling
2.233
2.258
1.781
1.857
2.191
2.486
U.S. Dollars
0.978
1.017
0.986
1.063
1.141
1.171
* measured in Canadian dollars. Source: Department of Finance, Economic Review, April 1900
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TABLE II - 1.4 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN EDMONTON METRO, ALBERTA AND CANADA, 1974 - 1979 Edmonton Metro ($ million)
Edmonton Metro as % of Alberta ($ million) ($ million) (%) Alberta
Canada
Edmonton Metro as % of Canada (%)
A. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES 1974
175.2
330.3
4,949.9
53.0
3.5
1975
113.6
319.9
5,521.4
35.5
2.1
1976
94.2
456.6
5,465.3
20.6
1.7
1977
209.9
510.5
6,080.7
41.1
3.5
1978
356.1
748.8
6,178.2
47.6
5.8
1979*
339.5
805.8
7,320.4
42.1
4.6
B. REPAIR EXPENDITURES
1974
35.7
85.6
2,310.2
41.7
1.5
1975
58.0
121.1
2,445.1
47.9
2.4
1976
58.9
135.1
2,891.4
43.6
2.0
1977
61.7
150.8
3,215.8
40.9
1.9
1978
65.9
161.6
3,595.6
40.8
1.8
1979
83.5
195.3
3,894.7
42.8
2.1
C.CAPITAL AND REPAIR EXPENDITURES
1974
210.9
415.9
7,260.1
50.7
2.9
1975
171.6
441.0
7,966.5
38.9
2.2
1976
153.1
591.7
8,356.7
25.9
1.8
1977
271.6
661.3
9,296.5
41.1
2.9
1978
422.0
910.4
9,773.8
46.4
4.3
1979
423.0
1,001.1
11,215.1
42.3
3.8
Source: Statistics Canada, Private and Public Investment in Canada, #61-205 *Preliminary
-33 -
TABLE II - 1.5 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT FACTOR COST ALBERTA AND CANADA 1974 - 1979
Alberta $ Million
Canada
% Growth
$ Million
% Growth
Alberta as a % of Canada
1974
13,591
30.2
132,255
20.4
10.3
1975
16,909
24.4
150,726
14.0
11.2
1976
19,701
16.5
172,887
14.7
11.4
1977
22,658
15.0
189,475
9.6
12.0
1978
26,302
16.1
210,192
10.9
12.5
1979
32,532
23.7
240,035
14.2
13.6
Average Annual % Change 1974 - 1979
19.1
12.7
SOURCES: (1) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Economic Accounts, 1979. (2) Statistics Canada, National Income and Expenditure Accounts, #13001.
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- 34 -
TABLE II - 1,6 PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT FACTOR COST ALBERTA AND CANADA 1974 - 1979
$
Alberta % Growth
$
Canada 51, Growth
Alberta/ Canada Ratio
1974
7,893
27.8
5,914
18.7
1.33
1975
9,510
20.5
6,641
12.3
1.43
1976
10,719
12.7
7,519
13.2
1.43
1977
11,988
11.8
8,147
8.4
1.47
1978
13,488
12.5
8,951
9.9
1.52
1979
16,193
20.1
10,140
13.3
1.60
Average Annual % Change 1974 - 1979
15.6
11.4
SOURCE(s): (1) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review, Annual 1979 (2) Statistics Canada, Accounts, #13-001
National Income and Expenditure
(3) Statistics Canada, Canadian Statistical Review, #11003-E
TABLE II - 1.7 VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTION ALBERTA AND CANADA 1974-1979
1974
1976
1975
1977
1978
*1979
($ Thousand)
Alberta 4,376,520
5,569,399
6,739,013
8,366,271
9,794,035
12,496,899
140,159
180,419
195,935
210,056
293,172
387,841
4,516,679
5,749,818
6,934,948
8,576,327
10,087,207
12.884.740
96.90
96.86
97.17
97.55
97.09
96.99
- Fuels
5,201,723
6,653,355
8,109,112.
9,872,812
11,577,557
14,528,844
(1) - Others
6,551,743
6,692,015
7,338,543
8,599,716
3,683,496
11,569,423
11,753,466
13,345,370
15,447,655
18,472,528
20,261,053
26,093,267
44.26
49.86
52.49
53.45
57.14
55.67
84.14
83.70
83.10
84.74
84.60
86.01
2.14
3.14
2.67
2.44
3.38
3.35
33.43
43.08
44.89
46.43
49.79
49.37
- Fuels (1) - Others - Total - Fuels as % of Total .;anada
- Total - Fuels as % of Total lberta as a % of Canada - Fuels (1) - Others - Total
_ource: Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review * preliminary 1) includes non-metallics, structural materials and metals
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TABLE II - 1.8 VALUE OF MANUFACTURERS SHIPMENTS EDMONTON METRO ALBERTA AND CANADA 1974 - 1979
Year
Edmonton Metro Edmonton Metro Canada Alberta Edmonton Metro $ Millions % increase $ Millions % increase $ Millions % increase as a % of Alberta As a % of Alberta
1974
1,530
35.0
3,821
28.5
82,454
23.5
40.0
1.9
1975
2,003
30.9
4,727
23.7
88,459
7.3
42.4
2.3
1976
2,355
17.6
5,216
10.3
98,285
11.1
45.1
2.4
1977
2,764
17.4
6,026
15.5
108,848
10.7
45.9
2.5
1978
3,245
17.4
7,193
19.4
128,925
18.4
45.1
2.5
1979
3,810*
17.4
8,718
21.2
150,292
16.6
43.7
2.5
Average Annual % increase
20.1
18.0
12.8
Source(s) 1. Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review and Alberta Principal Manufacturing Statistics, 1977 2. Statistics Canada, Market Research Handbook, Cat. #63-224. * estimates.
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TABLE II - 1.9 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN SELECTED INDUSTRY SECTORS. FOR ALBERTA. ONTARIO AND CANADA 1979
Alberta
Ontario
Canada
Alberta as % of Canada
Ontario as % of Canada
($ million) Capital Expenditures Primary & Construction* % of Total Manufacturing % of Total Total - All Sectors
4,310.0
1,670.1
10,907.3 19.0
39.5
15.3
37.2 805.8
9.9 3,480.3
7,320.4
11.0
47.5
7.0
20.7
12.7
11,576.7
16,826.9
57,440.7
20.2
29.3
823.4 41.3
703.6
3,388.3
24.3
20.8
12.3 1,978.5 34.6
20.9 3,894.7 24.0
5.0
50.8
5,714.6
16,195.4
12.3
35.3
Repair Expenditures Primary & Construction* % of Total Manufacturing % of Total Total - All Sectors
195.3 9.8 1,996.1
Source: Statistics Canada, Private and Public Investment in Canada, Cat. #61-205 * Primary industries include: agriculture and fishing; forestry; mining, quarrying and oil wells.
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TABLE II - 1.10 RETAIL SALES, EDMONTON AND ALBERTA, 1974 - 1979
Edmonton as
Alberta
Edmonton $ Million % Increase
$ Million % Increase % of Alberta
1974
1,714
26.8
3,734
21.6
45.9
1975
2,094
22.2
4,557
22.0
46.0
1976
2,301
9.9
5,290
16.1
43.5
1977
2,720
18.2
5,927
12.0
45.9
1978
3,174
16.7
6,798
14.7
46.7
1979
N.A
N.A
8,069
18.7
N.A
Average Annual % Increase 1974-1979
18.8
Source
17.3
: Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Retail and Service Trade Statistics
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TABLE II - 1.11 VALUE OF CHEQUES CASHED IN EDMONTON AND ALBERTA 1974 - 1979
Edmonton $ Million % increase
Alberta $ Million % increase
Edmonton as % of Alberta
1974
43,930
33.0
109,514
40.4
40.1
1975
59,242
34.9
140,135
28.0
42.3
1976
71,066
20.0
178,013
27.0
39.9
1977
86,211
21.3
205,942
15.7
41.9
1978
105,252
22.1
248,111
20.5
42.4
1979
133,393
26.7
323,636
30.4
41.2
Average Annual % increase
15.0
24.3
Source(s): (1) Alberta Bugeau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review (2) Statistics Canada, Checues Cashed, Cat. #61-001
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- 40 -
TABLE II - 1.12 RETAIL SALES BY KIND OF BUSINESS, EDMONTON 1975 - 1978 ($ thousands) BUSINESS
1915
1977
1976 (%)
1978
(%)
(%)
(%)
Food and Beverage
281,239 (13.4)
2g9,115
(13.0) 317,416
(11.7) 390,078
(12.3)
General Merchandise
418,770 (20.0)
574,685
(25.0) 623,379
(23.0) 707,372
(22.3)
Automotive
579,907 (27.7)
753,476
(32.7) 961,597
(35.3)1,173,504
(37.0)
92,581 ( 4.4)
94,092
( 4.1) 123,209
( 4.5) 136,408
( 4.3)
Hardware & Home Furnishings
120,812 (5.8)
167,376
( 7.3) 218,573
( 8.0) 264,181
( 8.3)
Others (including Drug, business equipment and supplies, etc.)
600,887 (28.7)
412,231
(17.9) 475,826
(17.5) 502,014
(15.8)
. 2,094,196 (100) 2,300,975
(100) 2,720,000
(100) 3,173,557
(100)
Clothing
TOTAL
Source: Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Retail and Service Trade Statistics
a
a
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- 41 TABLE II - 1.13 VALUE OF MANUFACTURER'S SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY. EDMONTON METRO 1975 AND 1977
laza
INDUSTRY
1977 ($ thousand) (%)
( thousand)
(%)
Food and Beverages
499,39)4
24.9
596,105
21.6
Textile Industries
18,465
0.9
22,356
0.8
Chemical and Chemical Products
133,190
6.6
180,555
6.5
Petroleum and Coal Products
601,020
30.0
1,052,326
38.1
Primary Metal
198,040
9.9
195,212
7.1
Metal Fabricating
113,641
5.7
158,264
5.7
Machinery Industries
60,531
3.0
79,105
2.9
Non-metallic Mineral Products
99,383
5.0
145,935
5.3
Printing, Publishing and Allied
55,755
2.8
82,081
3.0
Wood Industries
47,980
2.4
59,816
2.2
Furniture and Fixtures
27,992
1.4
32,741
1.2
Transportation Equipment
39,747
2.0
35,741
1.3
108,065
5.4
124,053
4.5
2,003,203
100.0
2,764,179
100.0
Other Industries
TOTAL
Source: Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Principal Manufacturing Statistics, Alberta, 1975 and 1977
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- 42 -
2. PRICES AND INCOMES A. CANADA The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Canada rose again in 1979 to 191.2 (1971 = 100) from 175.2 in 1978. Of the main consumer items, food registered the highest increase of 13.2% from 208.0 in 1978 to 235.4 in 1979. (Table II - 2.1).
The rise in Canadian CPI converts to an inflation rate of 9.1% for the year, the highest since 1976's 7.5%. The average annual rate of inflation for the period 1974 - 1979 was also high at 9.2%, mainly a result of the two-digit inflation Canada experienced immediately after the OPEC oil price increases in 1973. (Table II - 2.2).
The increase in per capita personal disposable income continued to surpass the rate of inflation in 1979. Per capita income rose 11.2% from $6,552 in 1978 to $7,286 in 1979. The average rate of increase over 1974 - 1979 was 11.5% per annum. (Table II - 2.3).
Average weekly wages and salaries failed to keep pace with inflation in 1979. That year, wages and salaries increased by 8.6% over 1978, half a percentage point lower than the inflation rate. The average annual increase for the 1974 - 1979 period was 10.1%. (Table II - 2.4).
-
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B. ALBERTA AND EDMONTON Compared to 1978, Edmonton's position in 1979 improved relative to other major Canadian cities with respect to consumer price increases. At 8.9%, it had the highest rate of increase of CPI in 1978. In 1979, with the same rate of 8.9%, Edmonton ranked lower than Toronto, Winnipeg and Montreal with CPI increases of 9.3%, 9.2% and 9.1%, respectively. Edmonton also compared favourably with the national CPI increase of 9.1%. (Table II - 2.2).
A comparison of retail prices in eleven major cities in Canada revealed that as of September, 1979, prices in Edmonton exceeded the combined city average by 4.0% in public transportation and 3.0% in food for home consumption. Retail price indexes in Edmonton were lower than the combined city average by 2.0%, in recreation, education and reading, 3.0% in health and personal care, 3.0% in household operation, 9.0% in private transportation, and 13.0% in tabacco and alcohol. (Table II - 2.5).
In terms of yearly percentage increase in new housing prices for six major Canadian cities, Edmonton ranked the highest in 1979 with 7.6%. Next was Calgary with 6.7% and Montreal was third with 5.9%. The average annual increase for Edmonton over the 1974 - 1979 period was 12.0%. (Table II - 2.6).
Among six major Canadian cities, the-average yearly increase in new housing prices for serviced lots only during 1975 - 1979 was found to be the highest in Calgary (18.6%) and lowest in Toronto (2.8%). Edmonton was second highest
- 44 with 15.6% (Table II - 2.7). New housing prices for structure only revealed the same pattern: Calgary was highest with 8.6%, Toronto was lowest with 0.3%, and Edmonton came second behind Calgary with 7.9%. It will be noted that for all cities, serviced lot prices rose at a faster rate than prices of structures. (Table II - 2.8).
Edmonton continued to have a high per capita personal disposable income (PDI) in 1979. The City's per capita PDI of $8,871 was 13% higher than the Province's $7,832 and 22% higher than the national average of $7,286. Edmonton also had the highest average rate of increase over 1974 - 1979 at 14.5% per annum, compared to Alberta at 13.2% and Canada at 11.5%. (Table II - 2.4).
In 1979, Edmonton's average weekly wage and salary of $290.99 was slightly higher than the national average of $288.10, but lower than the provincial average of $306.75. The rate of increase over the previous year was reasonably high for Edmonton at 12.9%. The average increase for the 1974 - 1979 period was 11.2% per annum. (Table II - 2.4).
In comparison with other Canadian cities, Edmonton's basic union wage rate, as determined by the average wage rate in 16 construction trades, rose the fastest since 1971. Edmonton's index for 1979 was 237.6, Winnipeg was close behind at 237.5 and Calgary was third at 235.6. The lowest index was 207.1 for Toronto. (Table II - 2.9).
The total incame reported in Edmonton for both taxable and non-taxable
- 45 returns was $4.3 billion in 1977, up ay 15.2% from 1176. This translated to an average income per return of $12,734, representing an increase of 9.5% from the previous year. The average tax per taxable return of $2,757 had an increase of 8.0% in 1977. About 70% of this amount or $1,922 went to the Federal Government while 30% or $835 was paid to the Province. (Table II - 2.10).
Of the eleven major Canadian cities compared, Edmonton had the highest average income per taxable return in 1977. At $12,734, Edmonton was 5.4% higher than Alberta's average of $12,085 and 14.6% higher than the national average of $11,114. (Table II - 2.11).
In 1979, Alberta remained the tax haven it has been in the past. This province had the lowest personal and corporate income tax rate, no sales tax and no succession duties and gift tax. Alberta is one the the three provinces collecting health insurance premiums. All the others provide free health insurance. (Table II - 2.12).
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- 46 -
TABLE II - 2.1 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX - CANADA 1974-1979 (1971 = 100) Total Excluding Food
Year
All Items
Food
1974
125.0
143.4
118.6
1975
138.5
161.9
1976
148.9
1977
Total Goods
Total Services
Shelter
128.1
120.5
120.7
130.5
142.0
133.4
130.9
166.2
142.8
149.0
149.6
145.7
160.8
180.1
154.0
160.0
163.2
159.3
1978
175.2
208.0
163.9
176.2
174.3
170.8
1979
191.2
235.4
176.9
194.9
186.5
180.5
Source:
Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review, April, 1980
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- 47 TABLE II - 2.2 PERCENTAGE INCREASE OF CONSUMER PRICES (1) IN CANADA AND SELECTED CITIES, (1974-1979)
(%)
Canada Edmonton Calgary Vancouver Winnipeg Montreal Toronto Ottawa
1974
10.9
10.7
10.6
11.6
10.7
11.1
10.5
10.7
1975
10.8
10.9
11.3
11.1
11.4
10.9
10.7
9.6
1976
7.5
8.0
8.3
9.7
8.7
6.7
7.3
7.6
1977
8.0
9.0
8.4
7.2
8.1
8.4
7.7
8.1
1978
9.0
8.9
8.3
7.7
8.5
8.4
8.5
8.4
1979
9.1
8.9
8.7
7.7
9.2
9.1
9.3
8.8
Average % Increase 1974-1979 9.2
9.4
9.3
9.2
9.6
9.1
9.0
8.7
Sources: Statistics Canada, Consumer Prices and Price Indexes, #63-010, and Consumer Price Indexes for Regional Cities #62-009 (1) The CPI has been revised effective October 1978 to incorporate 1974 Family Expenditure Patterns.
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- 48 -
TABLE II - 2.9 PER CAPITA PERSONAL DISPOSABLE INCOME EDMONTON, ALBERTA AND CANADA, 1974 - 1979 Edmonton(1)
Alberta(2)
Canada(2)
( $ )
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
4,543 5,451 6,165 7,118 7,855 8,871
Average Annual % Increase 1974-79 14.5
4,233 5,031 5,600 6,175 6,890 7,832
4,228 4,890 5,459 5/942 6,552 7,286
13.2
11.5
Edmonton-Alberta Ratio 1.07 1.08 1.10 1.15 1.14 1.13
EdmontonCanada Ratio 1.07 1.11 1.13 1.20 1.20 1.22
SOURCE(s): (1) Edmonton Corporate Policy Planning Office, estimated from information contained in the Financial Post Survey of Markets and Alberta Economic Accounts. (2) Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Economic Accounts, 1979. NOTE: Personal disposable income is equal to "personal income" less direct taxes paid to governments. Direct taxes are income taxes, succession duties, estate taxes, social insurance and government pension contributions.
- 49 TABLE II - 2.4 AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES AND SALARIES* - INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITE EDMONTON, ALBERTA AND CANADA 1974 - 1979
$
Edmonton Alberta Canada Edmonton/Alberta Edmonton/Canada % Increase $
1974
171.30 11.9 178.72 178.09
0.96
0.96
1975
197.41 15.2 207.38 203.34
0.95
0.97
1976 219.03 11.0 236.89 0.92
0.96
0.96
1977
241.03 10.1 261.96 249.95
0.92
0.96
1978
257.65 6.9 276.32 265.37
0.93
0.97
1979
290.99 12.9 306.75 288.10
0.95
1.01
Average Annual % Increase 1974-79
11.2
11.5
10.1
Source(s): Statistics Canada, Employment Earnings and Hours, #72-002, or Canadian Statistical Review. #11,003E Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review *For companies having 20 or more employees in any month of the year, including salaried employees and wage earners.
d
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TABLE II - 2.5 INTER-CITY INDEXES OF RETAIL PRICE DIFFERENTIALS . AS OF SEPTEMBER,, 1979
Combined City Average = 100
Food for Home Consumption
Household Operation
Private Transportation
Public Transportation
Health and, Personal Care
Recreation, Education and Reading
Tobacco and Alcohol
97
91
104
97
98
87
103
100
99
104
100
98
105
95
94
92
92
100
104
Winnipeg
102
94
95
88
94
98
99
Toronto
100
99
100
100
107
101
99
Ottawa
99
99
100
100
102
101
100
Montreal
98
103
106
102
98
102
105
Saint John, N. B.
106
102
102
95
101
100
104
Halifax
103
101
99
87
95
105
104
Charlottetown
107
96
100
85
90
99
100
St. John's, Nfld.
117
107
107
92
100
106
115
EDMONTON
103
Vancouver
107
Regina
,
Source: Statistics Canada, Consumer Price & Price Indexes, #62-010
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TABLE II - 2.6 YEARLY PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF NEW HOUSING PRICES IN SELECTED CANADIAN CITIES 1974-1979 (%)
Edmonton (1)
Calgary (I)
Winnipeg (1)
Montreal (1)
Toronto (2)
1974
30.3
28.4
27.3
41.3
24.7
23.9
1975
18.8
20.4
8.6
7.1
-0.3
4.1
1976,
19.8
24.4
12.6
5.6
5.7
8.0
1977
6.9
6.9
6.0
5.4
-0.3
2.9
1978
6.9
8.0
3.5
1.9
0.1
-1.6
1979
7.6
6.7
2.0
5.9
-0.6
0.5
Average Annual % Inncrease 1974-1979 12.0
13.3
6.5
5.2
0.9
2.8
Source:
Ottawa-Hull (2)
Statistics Canada, Construction Price Statistics, Cat. #62-007.
(1) For single detached houses only. (2) For single detached, semi-detached and row condominium houses.
l'
IV -
TABLE II - 2.7 NEW HOUSING PRICE INDEXES IN SELECTED CITIES, SERVICED LOTS ONLY* 1975 - 1979 (1976 = 100) CITY
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Avr. Yearly % Change
Edmonton
79.2
100.0
113.8
126.5
141.8
15.8
Calgary
67.8
100.0
108.9
118.7
129.2
18.6
, Winnipeg
81.0
100.0
109.4
114.2
118.4
10.2
Montreal
93.5
100.0
104.0
110.9
119.7
6.4
Toronto
92.2
100.0
101.7
102.5
102.6
2.8
Ottawa/Hull
84.8
100.0
109.3
109.3
110.0
7.0
NA
100.0
105.8
110.1
115.5
Canada
Source: Statistics Canada, Construction Price Statistics, Cat. #62-007 Elements of quality change are excluded from the price measures. Separation of house and land values is derived from builders' estimiAtes of the market value of a serviced lot in the subdivision in which the house is sold, were such a lot to be sold separately. These indexes should be treated with considerable caution as there is evidence to suggest that builders' estimates are slow to be changed particularly in a downward direction.
ri
TABLE II - 2.8 NEW HOUSING PRICE INDEXES IN SELECTED CITIES, STRUCTURES ONLY* 1975 - 1979 (1976 = 100) Avr. Yearly % Change
CITY
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Edmonton
85.4
100.0
103.9
109.1
115.0
7.9
Calgary
86.6
100.0
105.9
113.8
120.2
8.6
Winnipeg
92.9
100.0
104.7
108.1
109.3
4.5
Montreal
94.9
100.0
105.5
106.9
112.8
4.4
Toronto
96.1
100.0
98.6
98.1
97.1
0.3
Ottawa/Hull
95.3
100.0
100.5
98.3
98.8
0.9
NA
100.0
102.4
104.3
107.6
Canada
Source: (1) Statistics Canada, Construction Price Statistics, Cat. #62-007 Elements of quality change are excluded from the price measure. Separation of house and land values is derived from builders' estimates of the market value of a serviced lot in the subdivision in which the house is sold, were such a lot to be sold separately.
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- 54 -
TABLE II - 2.9 BASIC UNION WAGE RATE INDEXES FOR SELECTED MAJOR CITIES - AVERAGE OF 16 CONSTRUCTION TRADES 1974 - 1979 (1971 = 100) CITY
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Edmonton
140.3
161.0
190.2
211.0
224.3
237.6
Calgary
139..9
159.6
188.0
209.2
222.0
235.6
Winnipeg
133.8
153.3
185.7
212.3
221.3
237.5
Montreal
123.9
147.8
163.2
185.7
203.3
214.0
Toronto
132.6
146.6
167.1
184.4
194.4
207.1
Ottawa/Hull
137.8
153.4
176.1
194.4
204.4
218.5
Canada
132.8
151.4
173.1
192.3
204.7
217.4
Source: Statistics Canada, Construction Price Statistics, Cat. #62-007
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- 55 -
TABLE II - 2.10 INDIVIDUAL INCOMES AND TAXES - EDMONTON 1974 - 1977
1974
1977
1976
1975
Number of Returns: 244,569
226,305
241,847
254,527
48,356
77,172
80,125
84,027
292,925
303,477
321,972
338,554
2,499,008
2,947,885
3,517,211
4,037,515
75,988
202,045
225,932
273,536
2,574,996
3,149,930
3,743,143
4,311,051
10,218
13,026
14,543
15,863
Non-taxable Returns
1,571
2,618
2,820
3,255
Average All Incomes
8,791
10,379
11,626
12,734
1,327
1,785
1,983
1,922
529
518
569
835
1,856
2,303
2,552
2,757
Taxable Returns Non-Taxable Returns All Returns Total Income: ($ thousands) Total Income - Taxable Returns Total Income - Non-taxable Returns Total Income Average Income: ($) Taxable Returns
Average tax per taxable Return: ($) Federal Tax Provincial Tax Average All Taxes
Source: Revenue Canada, Taxation Statistics, Table 5
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2
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- 56 TABLE II - 2.11 COMPARATIVE AVERAGE INCOME PER TAX RETURN,* 1974 - 1977
1974 ($)
1975 ($)
1976 ($)
1977 ($)
Edmonton
8,791
10,379
11,626
12,734
Calgary
8,942
10,418
11,737
12,487
Vancouver
9,355
10,421
11,572
12,308
Regina
8,379
9,975
11,277
12,000
Winnipeg
7,550
8,447
9,332
10,148
Toronto
8,757
9,746
10,791
11,640
Ottawa
9,304
10,242
11,477
12,468
Montreal
8,547
9,678
10,898
11,677
Saint John (N.B.)
7,491
8,668
9,614
10,368
Halifax
8,211
9,450
10,394
11,076
St. John's (Nfld.)
7,807
9,139
10,227
10,845
Alberta
8,503
9,977
11,155
12,085
Canada
8,170
9,223
10,313
11,114
Source:
Revenue Canada, Taxation Statistics, Table 5
* Includes both taxable and non-taxable returns.
4
TABLE II - 2.12 COMPARISON OF PROVINCIAL TAXES AND FEES 1979
British Columbia
New Aktula
Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario
Personal Income Tax (% of basic Federal)
45.0
38.5
Corporation Income Tax (% of taxable income)
12 & 15g*
5 & 11**
Corporation Capital Tax
.2
Nil
Nil
.2
.3
Gasoline (cents/gallon)
17.0
Nil
19.0
18.0
Diesel (cents/gallon)
19.0
Nil
26.6
Retail Sales
5.0
Nil
Succession Duties
Nil
Gift Tax Cigarettes (cents per package of 25)
53.0
11 & 14**
54.0
Quebec
•
44.0
11 & 15'1,1 10, 13 & 14110
12
Nova
Brunswick Scotia P.E.I
55.5
9 & 124+
52.5
50.0
12
10
Newfoundlan4
58.0
12 & 14111
.3
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
19.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.0
27.0
21.0
25.0
25.0
23.0
27.0
25.0
27.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
11.0
Nil
Nil
Nil
Graduated
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil***
20.0
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
24.0
8.0
24.0
25.0
27.5
27.0
17.5
15.0
20.0
33.75
$ 92.80 single $183.60 family
Nil Nil
Nil Nil
$240 single $480 family
Nil Nil
Nil Nil
Nil Nil
Nil Nil
Nil Nil
Health Insurance Premiums $ 90 single (Annual) $225 family
Graduated
Driver's License Fee (Annual)
$1
$2
$3
$3
$3
$6
$2
$2
$6
$5
Minimum Passenger Vehicle Registration Fee (Annual)
$5
$15
$12
$15
$30
$20
$24
$15
$20
$30
Quebec rates are imposed on taxable income as computed under the Quebec Taxation Act and are not a percentage of basic federal tax. ** The lower corporate income taxes are levied on small businesses. *** No gift tax is levied on gifts received after April 10, 1979. SOURCES: CCH Canadian Ltd., Canadian Income Tax Act With Regulations, 51st Edition. Statistics Canada, Principal Taxes in Canada, Cat. 068-201E.
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3. LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYNENT The labour force participation rate in Edmonton increased from 69.0% in 1978 to 70.8% in 1979. This compared favourably with Alberta's 1979 rate of 69.4% and Canada's rate of 63.3%. It can be noted that participation rates in the city, the province, and the nation as a whole have been on an upward trend during the last few years.
Edmonton's unemployment rate declined from 5.0% in 1978 to 3.7% in 1979, the lowest since 1975. The rates for Alberta and Canada likewise decreased in 1979. Alberta's rate was 3.9%, down from 4.7% in 1978, while the national unemployment rate was 7.5%, down from 8.4% in 1978. (Table II - 3.1).
The industrial composite employment index for Edmonton rose to 222.2 in 1979, up by 6.7% from the 1978 index of 208.3. The average annual increase for the City over the period 1974-1979 was 5.2%. The index for Alberta also rose to 218.1 in 1979, representing a 7.3% increase over 1978. On the other hand, the national index was much lower at 150.7 in 1979. This was 2.9% higher than the previous year's index of 146.5. (Table II - 3.2).
- 59 TABLE IT LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE EDMONTON METRO. ALBERTA AND CANADA. 1974 - 1979
(1)
Particip r on Rate Edmonton Metro -" Alberta Canada (%) (%) (%)
(2) Unemployw.ht Rate -) 3 Alberta Canada Edmonton Metro
1974
N.A.
65.4
60.5
N.A.
3.5
5.3
1975
67.9
65.8
61.1
3.9
4.1
6.9
1976
68.8
66.5
61.1
3.9
4.0
7.1
1977
68.0
66.5
61.5
4.4
4.5
8.1
1978
69.0
68.2
62.6
5.0
4.7
8.4
1979
70.8
69.4
63.3
3.7
3.9
7.5
Source(s): Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review Statistics Canada, The Labour Force, #71-001, or Canadian Statistical Review, #11-003E Bank of Canada, Monthly Review NOTES: (1)Participation rate is defined as the labor force as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over. The labor force is the total number of persons in the labor market. (2)Unemployment rate is defined as the unemployed labor force as a percentage of the total labor force. (3)Comparable data not available prior to 1975 due to major revisions to Statistics Canada's labor force survey.
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TABLE II - 1.2 EMPLOYMENT INDEXES - INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITE* EDMONTON. ALBERTA AND CANADA. 1974 - 1979 (1961 = 100)
Alberta
Edmonton
1974
172.9
7.6
163.1
8.2
142.8
5.1
1975
180.1
4.2
169.6
4.0
141.1
-1.2
1976
196.2
8.9
184.9
9.0
144.1
2.1
1977
202.1
3.0
193.3
4.5
144.3
0.1
1978
208.3
3.1
203.3
5.2
146.5
1.5
1979
222.2
6.7
218.1
7.3
150.7
2.9
6.0
% Change
% Change
Indexes
5.2
Indexes
Indexes
Year
Average Annual % Increase 1974 - 1979
% Change
Canada
1.1
Source: Statistics Canada, Employment Earnings and Hours, Cat. #72-002 * Industrial Composite is the sum for all industries with the exception of agriculture, fishing and trapping, education and related services, health and welfare services, religious organizations, private households and public administration and defence. Employment index is based on the total number of persons employed by those companies having 20 or more employees in any month of the year.
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4. CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING A. CONSTRUCTION In response to a series of interest rate increases in the United States, Canada's bank rate rose significantly in 1979. The mid-year bank rate was 11.25% compared to 8.50% in June 1978. Consequent to this was the rise in both Conventional and National Housing Act (NBA) Mortgage rates. Conventional mortgage rates were up to 11.6% in Jun 1979 from 10.32% in June 1978. NBA mortgage rates likewise increased to 10.92% in 1979 from 10.16% in the previous year . (Table II - 4.1).
The increase in the value of building permits in Edmonton proper noticeably slowed down in 1979. The total value of $789.2 million in 1979 increased by only 5.8% over the total of $746.2 million in 1978, compared to the 1978 increase of 18.5% over 1977 and the average annual increase of 26.1% over the 1974 - 1979 period. By type, residential and industrial building construction declined while commercial building construction remained strong, registering an increase of 66.0% in 1979. (Table II - 4.2).
. B. RESIDENTIAL HOUSING In 1979, residential housing starts showed a reversal of trend in both Edmonton and Edmonton Metro Area. Edmonton had 9,682 residential units started, down 34% from 1978 housing starts of 14,668. Edmonton Metro's housing starts totalled 12,298, representing a 27.9% decline from 17,065 in 1978. Edmonton's housing starts as a percentage of Edmonton Metro's also decreased from 86.0% in 1978 to 78.7% in 1979.
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Housing completions likewise declined in Edmonton in 1979. Total completions were 12,641 down 6.9% from 13,574 in 1978. Edmonton Metro housing completions in 1979 remained close to 1978 levels at 15,573. The proportion of Edmonton completions compared to those of Edmonton Metro was 81.2% in 1979. (Table II - 4.3).
Single, semi-detached and duplex family units constituted 42.7% or 4,138 of total housing starts in Edmonton and 48.7% or 5,994 of the total in Edmonton Metro. Row, apartment and other residential units accounted for the remaining 57.3% or 5,544 in Edmonton and 51.3% or 6,304 in Edmonton Metro. (Table II - 4.4).
The total number of dwelling units in Edmonton in 1979 was 187,092 of which 106,012 were single-family. The proportion of single-family units increased steadily from 52.3% in 1974 to 56.7% in 1979. (Table II - 4.5). Next to single-family units, apartment dwelling units accounted for the largest proportion at 34.0% of the total in 1979. Two/three/four family dwelling units accounted for 7.1% while the remaining 2.2% was comprised of farm dwellings, boarding houses and others. (Table II - 4.6).
The apartment vacancy rate in Edmonton Metro had an abrupt increase to 3.0% in April 1979 from 0.8% in October 1978. The October 1979 rate tapered off to 1.9%. Before April 1979, the last time apartment vacancy rates were higher than one percent was in June 1974. (Table II - 4.7).
The average apartment rent for all types of units in Edmonton rose 33.3% over two years from $264 in 1977 to $352 in 1979. The largest increase
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- 63 in rent was for bachelor and one bedroom units, both of which increased over 50% during the two year period. (Table II ,-, 4.11).
On the assumption that total household expenditures for the house are not to exceed 30% of gross household income, the minimum income required to purchase an average priced house is calculated in Table II - 4.12. In 1979, the minimum required income to purchase a $78,719 house at 10% down payment, 25 year amortization and mortgage rate of 12.78% was $32,743. The only year which recorded a decrease in minimum income requirement was ? 1977, when mortgage rates went down to 10.25% from 11.4% in the previous year.
C. COMMERCIAL HOUSING As of May 1980, there was a total of 7,812,500 square feet of rentable space in Edmonton downtown office buildings. Major space accounted for 90.1% of this or 7,039,500 square feet, while secondary space comprised 9.9% or 773,000 square feet. Vacancy rate was higher in the secondary downtown office space category at 10.8% compared to 3.9% vacancy rate in major space. (Table II - 4.8).
A more detailed analysis of major downtown space shows that at year-end 1979, a total of 236,390 square feet of office space was vacant. This represented a 47.1% decrease from the vacant space in 1978 which may be accounted for by a higher absorption rate in 1979 coupled with a relatively small addition for the year. (Table II - 4.9).
The total Commercial regional shopping centre leaseable area at December 31, 1979 was 4:4 million square feet. Among the regional shopping centres,
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Kingsway Garden all was the largest with_688,000 square feet of leaseable area (15.7% of the total). Londonderry and Saughgate came second and third with 617,000 and 602,000 square feet of leaseable area, respectively. (Table II - 4.10).
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TABLE II - 4.1 SELECTED CANADIAN INTEREST RATES 1974 - 1979
Bank Rate
1974 (June)
1975 (June)
1976 (June)
1977 (June)
1978 (June)
1979 (June)
8.75
8.25
9.50
7.50
8.50
11.25
11.00
9.00
10.25
8.25
9.25
12.00
11.37
11.23
11.93
10.35
10.32
11.16
10.69
10.68
11.91
10.25
10.16
10.92
Chartered Banks Prime Lending Rate Conventional Mortgage Rate NBA Mortgage Rate
SOURCE: The Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada Review
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TABLE II - 4.2 VALUE OF BUILDING PERMITS, EDMONTON, 1974 - 1979 ($ thousands)
1974
1976
1977
1978
1979
72,244
188,610
290,990
376,789
460,159
391,703
147,516
76,312
154,463
167,647
179,861
298,506
-
21,168
9,854
40,584
40,980
27,861
m m
31,001
16,168
17,886
34,491
55,612
60,826
1
University of Alberta
2,564
2,866
5,374
795
_
Miscellaneous
4,644
5,135
6,091
9,263
10.274
10,274
Total Value**
257.970
310,363
484,656
629,570
746,226
789,170
37.2
20.3
56.2
29.9
18.5
5.8
Residential Commercial Industrial* Institutional
% Increase
Source
,
1975
: Building Inspection Branch Bylaw Enforcement Department The City of Edmonton.
* Prior to 1975, Industrial included in the commercial classification. ** Excluding City Engineering.
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TABLE II - 4.3 HOUSING STARTS AND COMPLETIONS, EDMONTON AND EDMONTON METRO 1974 - 1979
STARTS
COMPLETIONS
Edmonton as Edmonton Metro % of Metro (Units)
Edmonton as Edmonton Metro % of Metro (Units)
1974J
3,767
5,362
70.3
5,510
7,668
71.9
1975
6,947
8,647
80.3
3,504
4,578
76.5
1976
10,259
12,370
82.9
6,663
8,495
78.4
1977
10,651
12,206
87.3
10,980
12,853
85.4
1978
14,668
17,065
86.0
13,574
15,567
87.2
1979
9,682
12,298
78.7
12,641
15,573
81.2
SOURCES: Statistics Canada, Housing Starts and Completions, #64-002 Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Canadian Housing Statistics Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Alberta Statistical Review
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TABLE II - 4,4 HOUSING STARTS BY TYPE OF DWELLING, EDMONTON AND EDMONTON METRO. 1974 - 1979
Row, Apartment & Other
Single & Semi-Detached & Duplex Units
Units
% of Total
A. 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
2,355 3,996 3,723 3,207 5,434 4,138
B. 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
3,844 5,550 5,763 4,481 4,481 5,994
SOURCE(s):
(1)
(2)
71.7 64.2 46.6 36.7 42.7 48.7
of Total
(1) EDMONTON 1,412 2,951 6,536 7,444 9,234 5,544
62.5 57.5 36.3 30.1 27.0 42.7
Total
37.5 42.5 63.7 69.9 63.0 57.3
3,767 6,947 10,259 10,651 14,668 9,682
28.3 35.8 53.4 63.3 57.3 51.3
5,362 8,647 12,370 12,206 17.065 12,298
(2) EDMONTON METRO 1,518 3,097 6,607 7,725 9,771 6,304
Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Housing Statistics, Prairie Region Office. Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Canadian Housing Statistics
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TABLE II - 4.5 NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS*, EDMONTON, 1974 - 1979
Year
Single - Family % of Units Total
Total
Others -% of Total Units
Units
% Increase
1974
79,037
52.3
72,198
47.7
151,235
2.1
1975
81,944
53.2
72,131
46.8
154,075
1.9
1976
86,705
54.4
72,657
45.6
159,362
3.4
1977
92,287
54.2
77,987
45.8
170,274
6.8
1978
98,539
55.5
79,188
44.5
177,727
4.4
1979
106,012
56.7
81,080
43.3
187,092
5.3
SOURCE:
Edmonton Assessment Department
* A dwelling unit is defined as self-contained living quarters. It includes both occupied and vacant dwellings.
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TABLE II - 4,6 NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS BY TYPE OF DWELLINGS, EDMONTON, 1979 Dwelling Units Buildings
Single Famly Dwellings Two-Family Dwellings Three/Four-Family Dwellings Apartment Buildings Farm Dwellings Dwelling Units Contained Within Commercial Buildings Rooming/Boarding House
Unit
Percent
94,648
106,012
56.66
6,157
12,314
6.58
268
1,028
0.55
4,001
63,557
33.97
62
71
0.04
208
555
0.30
1,041
3,317
1.77
7
238
0.13
106,392
187,092
100.00
Row Housing With Other Use TOTAL
SOURCE: Edmonton Assessment Department
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TABLE II - 4.7 APARTMENT VACANCY RATE*, EDMONTON METRO. 1974 - 1979 (%)
Year
April
1974
June
October
December 0.8
5.4
1975
0.8
0.3
1976
0.2
0.0
1977
0.2
0.1
1978
0.8
0.8
1979
3.0
1.9
SOURCE: Central Mortgage and Housing, Apartment Vacancy Survey. The Survey includes only approximately 85% of those apartment buildings which have 6 and more self-contained units, and which were at least 6 months old at the time the survey was taken.
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TABLE II - 4.8 OFFICE SPACE AVAILABILITY IN DOWNTOWN BUILDINGS(1) AS OF MAY. 1980
Total Rentable Space (sq. ft.) Available Space (sq. ft.) Vacancy Rate (%)
Major Downtown Office Space(2)
Secondary Downtown Office Space (2)
7,039,500
773,000
277,100
83,500
3.9
10.8
SOURCE: Edmonton Business Development Department, Office Space Survey, May 1980. NOTES:
(1) This survey is restricted to privately owned buildings in an area bounded by 98th Avenue on the south, by 105th Avenue on the North, by 110th Street on the West, and by 97th Street on the east. In total there were 66 buildings surveyed. (2) The classgication between Major and Secondary is based on the quality of office space, e.g., age of building, air conditioning facilities, carpeting, etc.
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TABLE II - 4.9 MARKET GROWTH AND ABSORPTION ANALYSIS - 1974-1979 MAJOR DOWNTOWN OFFICE SPACE
o
SQ. FT. ADDED FOR YEAR
ABSORPTION FOR YEAR
SQ. FT. VACANT YEAR END
CUMULATIVE SQ. FT. BUILT SINCE 1970
CUMULATIVE SQ. FT. ABSORBED SINCE 1970
YEAR
PREVIOUS YEARS VACANCY
1974
36,500
718,000
754,500
631,700
122,800
1,774,800
2,001,000
1975
122,800
424,590
547,390
477,100
70,290
2,199,390
2,478,100
1976
70,290
666,000
736,290
602,150
134,140
2,865,390
3,080,250
1977
134,140
1,369,000 1,503,140
798,200
704,940
4,234,390
3,878,450
1978 704,940
330,000 1,034,940
588,150
446,790
4,564,390
4,466,600
1979 446,790
433,500
643,900
236,390
4,997,890
5,110,500
TOTAL SUPPLY
i
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880,290
SOURCE(s): City of Edmonton, Business Development Department Office Space Survey, May 1980
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- 74 TABLE II - 4.10 TOTAL COMMERCIAL SPACE BY REGIONAL SHOPPING CENTRE AT DECEMBER 31. 1979
Regional Shopping Centre
Leasable Area (Sq. Ft.)
1, of Total
Bonnie Doon
500,000
11.4
Capilano
353,000
8.0
Centennial Village
375,000
8.5
Kingsway Garden Mall
688,000
15.7
Londonderry
617,000
14.0
Meadowlark Park
337,000
7.7
Northgate
297,000
6.8
North Town Mall
244,000
5.6
Southgate
602,000
13.7
Westmount
382,000
8.7
4,395.000
100.0
TOTAL
SOURCE: Regional Shopping Centres' Administration Offices.
TABLE - II-4.11 APARTMENT RENTS IN EDMONTON BY TYPE OF UNIT, 1974 - 1979 ($ per month)
Type of Unit
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.911
1912
Bachelor
133
148
161
176
N/A
278
1 Bedroom
170
192
199
228
N/A
343
2 Bedroom
216
251
253
286
N/A
378
3 Bedroom
262
312
350
365
N/A
410
All Units
216
225
241
264
N/A
352
SOURCE: Edmonton Real Estate and Housing Department, 1980 Annual Housing Report, April 1980.
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TABLE - 11-4.12 cosTs OF HOME OWNERSHIP IN EDMONTON. 1974-1979 ($)
Average Selling Price (All Types) Down Payment Mortgage Interest Rate Monthly Mortgage Payment (25 Year Amortization) Average Monthly Taxes Total Monthly Cost Minimum Income Required to Purchase
SOURCE:
1911
1975
1976
1977
1911
1979
34,809
43,995
58,064
62,884
71,679
78,719
3,481
4,400
5,806
6,288
7,168
7,871
31,328
39,596
52,258
56,596
64,511
70,848
11.0%
11.0%
11.4%
10.75%
12.78%
300
381
521
506
610
774
27
34
38
43
47
52
327
415
559
549
657
826
12,966
16,425
22,148
21,738
26,036
32,743
10.25%
Edmonton Real Estate and Housing Department, 1980 Annual Housing Report, April 1980.
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III. SOCIAL FACTORS
1.
CRIMES, TRAFFIC AND FIRE A. CRIMES
The total number of crimes reported in Edmonton rose 6.2% to 70,020 in 1979. This was more than twice the growth rate of Edmonton's population, which was 2.8% that year. Of the total number of crimes, 7.7% or 5,365 were crimes against persons, 59.0% or 41,335 were crimes against properties, 3.7% or 2,598 were drug related crimes and the remaining 29.6% or 20,722 consisted of all other crimes such as violations of federal and provincial statutes.
With 5,157 reported cases in 1979, robberies and assaults constituted the largest proportion of crimes against persons. Next were woundings and rapes with 90 and 87 reported cases, respectively. Although relatively insignificant in absolute numbers compared to the total reported crimes against persons, woundings and rapes were found to be rising in 1979 with rates of increase of 9.8% and 19.2%, respectively. On the average, crimes against persons increased slightly by 0.2% in 1979 compared to 1978.
Compared to crimes against persons, total crimes against properties rose at a relatively higher rate of 3.8% in 1979. All sub-categories under this registered an increase with the largest being a 13.9% rise in the number of frauds and false pretenses during the year. Total thefts, numbering 27,818, increased 4.1% from 1978.
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- 78 Drug-related crimes accounted for 3.7% of total reported crimes in 1979. Their number rose 3.5% to 2,598 in 1979 from 2,510 cases in the preceding year.
reported new cases of _ With a decline of 30.4% to 54 cases in 1919, juvenile probation continued to remain in the downward trend that started in 1976. For the period 1974 - 1979, reported new cases declined at an average rate of 9.4% per annum. (Table III - 1.1).
In 1979, child abuse cases totalled 89 in Edmonton. Sixty-two of these were cases of physical child neglect, 5 were psychological child neglect and 22 were cases of child cruelty. Total child abuse cases were down 12.7% from 1978's reported total of 102. (Table III - 1.2).
B. TRAFFIC While both fatal accidents and property damage accidents increased by less than 7% in 1979, injury accidents rose at a relatively high rate of 77.5% during the year. That was the second year in a row that an increase of such magnitude has been recorded in injury accidents. Total traffic accidents rose by 12.3% to 23,352 in 1979 from 20,803 in 1978.
Since motor vehicle registrations rose by only 7.1% to 407,450 in 1979, accidents as a percentage of registrations therefore increased to 5.7% in 1979 from 5.5% recorded in 1978. Motor vehicle registrations by class were not available for the registration year corresponding to 1979. (Tables III - 1.3 and III - 1.4).
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- 79 C. FIRE Over 50% of calls received by the Edmonton Fire Department are for reasons other than fire. In 1979, 62.1% of total calls or 5,261 were either service, medical or unnecessary calls. Fire calls totalled 3,215 that year, representing a significant increase of 33.4% over total fire calls in 1978. All other calls had a modest 6.2% increase during the year. When standardized by the city's population, 17.3 calls per 1,000 population were received in 1979 compared to 15.4 in 1978. Arson or suspected arson and smoking ranked as the most frequent causes of building fires accounting for over 40% of the total. Fire losses were estimated to be $10.7 million in 1979, a decline from $12.5 million in 1978. (Table III - 1.5).
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TABLE III - 1.1 NUMBER OF CRIMES. 1974 - 1979
1974 1975 1976 1977
laia
% Change 1979* 1978-1979
Crimes Against Persons Murders Attempted Murders Manslaughters Rapes Woundings Robberies Assaults
14 15 3 129 85 808 4,317
18 12 4 92 65 956 4,298
21 18 82 54 1,011 4,385
16 18 20 37 1 3 100 73 72 82 905 1,114 3,978 4,239
16 15 87 90 850 4,307
Sub-Total
5,371
5,445
5,571
5,303
5,355
5,365
% Increase
11.6
1.4
2.3
-4.8
1.0
0.2
Crimes Against Properties Breakings & Enterings Thefts Frauds & False Pretenses Possession Stolen Goods Sub-Total % Increase
8,951 8,558 22,007 24,133
8,719 9,728 9,409 9,515 26,070 27,217 26,728 27,818
2,073
2,253
2,013
2,230
2,540
13.9
797
1,020
1,186
1,484
1,457
1,463
0.4
33,792 35,784 38,228 40,442 39,824 41,335 8.2
5.9
6.8
5.8
-1.5
3.8
1,695 1,733 2,481 17,085 17,827 19,484
TOTAL
57,943 60,789 65,764 66,820 65,916 70,020
Juvenile Probation New Cases % Increase
1.4 4.1
2,037
Drug Related Crimes Other Crimes
% Increase
0.0 -59.5 -100.0 19.2 9.8 -6.1 1.6
2,577 2,510 2,598 18,498 18,227 20,722
14.6
4.9
8.2
1.6
-1.4
6.2
97
89
105
79
78
54
3.2
-8.2
18.0
-24.8
-1.3
-30.8
SOURCES: (1) Edmonton Police Department (2) Edmonton Social Services Department *Preliminary estimates - may be subject to minor revisions.
3.5 13.7
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TABLE III - 1.2 CHILD ABUSE. CITY OF EDMONTON, 1974 - 1979
Child Neglect Physical
Child Neglect Psychological
Child Crueltv2 No.
Rate1
Year
No.
Rate1
No.
1974 1975
95
21.5
13
2.9
65
14.7
21.0
31
6.9
13.2
17
9.8
19
3.7 4.0
43 20 14
9.5 4.3
1977
95 61 46
1978
44
27
1979
62
9.2 12.6
1976
5
5.7 1.0
31
3.0 6.5
22
4.5
SOURCE(s): 1) L.E. Larson, Family Patterns and Services in Edmonton 2) Edmonton Police Department 1
Per 100,000 population.
2 Includes child battery minor, child battery major, child abuse sexual, and child death.
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TABLE III - 1.3 EDMONTON TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS(1) 1974 - 1979
1974 Fatal Accidents Injury Accidents Other Accidents , Total Accidents % Increase Motor Vehicle Registrations Accidents as % of Registrations
1975
1976*
1977
1978 .
1979
42
33
42
54
48
51
1,576
1,367
1,656
1,404
2,496
4,430
17,169
19.302
15,674
17,207
18,259
18,871
18.787
20,702
17,372,
18,664
20.803
23,352
12.8
10.1
-16.0
7.4
11.5
12.3
303,095
304,425
321,867
6.2
6.8
5.4
N.A. 380,534 407,450 N.A.
5.5
5.7
SOURCE(s): (1) Edmonton Police Department (2) Alberta Motor Vehicles Branch, Alberta Solicitor General Effective January 1, 1976 reportable property damage value raised from $200 to $350
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TABLE III - 1.4 MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY CLASS. EDMONTON 1974 - 1979
Class
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
Passenger Cars Total Trucks
192,955 56,902
195,114 55,708
208,557 57,261
247,802 65,969
39,662
40,765
42,322
860
844
804
46,155 981
Motorcycles , Dealer Bus
6,805
5,922
6,878
1,288
1,891
2,188
471
All Others
4,152
553 1,628
755 3,102
7,397
301.095
014.1125
21.867
980.534
11.8
0.4
5.7
Trailers Livery
TOTAL % Increase
1977-78
SOURCE: Alberta Solicitor General, Motor Vehicle Branch * Percent increase over the year 1976-77.
N.A.
1978-79
8,787 2,534 909
1.82*
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TABLE III - 1.5 NUMBER OF FIRE CALLS AND CAUSES OF BUILDING FIRES 1974-1979 1978
NUMBER OF FIRE CALLS:
1974
1975 .
1916.
1977
Building Fire Calls Other Fire Calls
894 1,837
801 1.925
728 2,140
668 1.819
Total Fire Calls
2,731
2,726
2,868
2,487
2,402
3,215
1,292 2,199 6_11
1,211 2,210 780
1,573 1,594 1,245
1,558 1,905 1.653
1,636 1,610 1,706
1,604 1,955 1,702
6.920
6.927
7.280
7.603
7.354
8.476
16.5
0.1
5.1
4.4
-3.3
15.3
120 123 79 30 84 60 214 184
116 123 87 46 58 38 154 161
141 68 70 17 51 16 150 219
186 54 53 21 34 15 130 175
170 59 65 25 51 39 121 192
176 51 78 30 85 30 154 193
801
728
668
722
797
20.8
-10.4
-9.1
-8.2
8.1
10.4
3,867
4,519
6,257
5,931
12,474
10,732
Service Calls Medical Aid Calls Unnecessary Calls Total % Increase
722 1,680
1912 797 2,418
CAUSES OF BUILDING FIRES: Arson or Suspected Child Action Electrical Causes Flammable Liquid/Gases Food/Grease on Stove Heating Appliances Smoking Others Total % Increase Annual Fire Loss in Current Dollars ($ thousands)
SOURCE: Edmonton Fire Department
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2. HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES A. HEALTH Circulatory diseases continued to be the number one cause of death in Edmonton in 1979. In that year, a total of 947 deaths were attributed to this cause. However, this was substantially lower than the 1,176 deaths from the same cause in 1974, the percentage decrease between 1974 and 1979 being 11.3%. Neoplasms and accidents, poisoning and violence continued to rank second and third most important causes of death in Edmonton. The number of deaths due to neoplasms rose from 590 in 1974 to 640 in 1979 and deaths from accidents, poisoning and violence from 319 in 1974 to 365 in 1979. Of note is the almost unchanged percentage contribution of these two causes to total deaths in Edmonton during these two years. The other major causes of death in Edmonton were respiratory diseases and diseases of the digestive system. (Table III - 2.1).
Illegitimate births continued to rise over the years from 942 reported cases in 1974 to 1,325 in 1979. Infant mortality, on the other hand, went down to 99 or 1.2% of total births in 1979. Deaths due to suicide and auto accidents increased over time. In 1979, suicides and auto accidents were responsible for 3.7% and 4.1% of total deaths compared to 2.5% and 3.4% respectively in 1978. No definite pattern can be deduced from total deaths due to homicides. (Table III - 2.2).
A review of Federal census data for 1971 and 1976 shows a slightly increasing percentage of Edmonton's population being categorized as married, up to 46.6% in 1976 from 45.6% in 'ail_ Of note is the decrease
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As in previous years, 1978 marriage and divorce rates in Edmonton were found to be well above the Canadian average. Edmonton's divorce rate per 100,000 population was 585.9 compared to 310.7 and 243.4 in Alberta and Canada, respectively. Edmonton's marriage rate per 100,000 population was 1,076.0, versus Alberta's and Canada's rates of 937.3 and 790.0, respectively. (Tables III - 2.4 and III - 2.5).
B. SOCIAL SERVICES Between 1974 and 1979, the total number of day care placements in Edmonton more than doubled from 2,713 to 5,537. Of the 1979 total, 1,442 were government subsidized spaces while the remaining 4,095 were in other centres. Total day care placements increased 7.5% between 1978 and 1979. (Table III - 2.6).
Total social assistance caseloads in Edmonton decreased 6.9% from 1978 to 11,530 persons in 1979. Of this, the unemployables and those with dependent children each accounted for 45% while employables accounted for the remaining 10%. (Table III = 2.7).
The number of old age pensioners in Edmonton was estimated to increase from 33,183 in 1974 to 36,577 in 1979, representing an average annual increase of 1.9% over the period. The estimated number of guaranteed income supplement recipients remained stable at about 19,500 over the years. Families on welfare, however, showed a general decrease from
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11,054 in 1974 to 10,641 in 1979. As of February, 1980, 14,348 social housing units were in existence in Edmonton. (Tables III - 2.8 and III - 2.9).
- 88 TABLE III - 2.1 PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH, EDMONTON, 1974 AND 1979
Persons Diseases of Circulatory System
1974 % of Total
Persons
1979 % of Total
1,176
44.2
947
32.9
Neoplasms (Cancers)
590
22.2
640
22.3
Accidents, Poisoning and Violence
319
12.0
365
12.7
Diseases of Respiratory
191
7.2
138
4.8
89
3.3
97
3.4
Symptoms and Ill-defined Conditions
12
0.5
35
1.2
Endocrine, Nutritional Metabolic and Blood Diseases
57
2.1
61
2.1
Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality
57
2.1
34
1.2
Congenital Anomalies
34
1.3
40
1.4
1i.
5.1
518
18.0
Diseases of Digestive System ,
Others TOTAL
2,661
2.875
SOURCES: (1) The City of Edmonton Local Board of Health, Annual Report (2) Alberta Social Services and Community Health Department.
TABLE III - 2.2 SELECTED BIRTHS & DEATHS, EDMONTON, 1974 - 1979
1911
laza
laz_E_
1977
laza
1979
Illegitimate Births
942
1,064
1,124
1,204
1,211
1,325
% of Total Births
12.8
13.5
14.0
14.9
15.0
15.7
110
122
105
101
114
% of Total Births
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.4
99 1.2
Suicides % of Total Deaths
83 3.1
51
90
82
106
1.9
3.4
93 3.4
2.5
3.7
19
16
16
20
13
17
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6
89
63
81
105
117
3.3
2.4
3.0
3.8
93 3.4
Infant Mortality
Homicides % of Total Deaths Auto Accidental Deaths* % of Total Deaths SOURCE
The City of Edmonton Local Board of Health, Annual Report
* Includes all Edmonton residents regardless of accident location.
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TABLE III - 2.3 MARITAL STATUS BY SEX, EDMONTON METROPOLITAN AREA, 1971 AND 1976
1976
1971 Marital Status and Sex
Total No.
Male %
No.
Total
Female %
No.
%
No.
Female
Male %
No.
%
No.
%
Single Under 15
152,510 30.8
78,275 31.5
74,235 30.0
142,860 25.8
73,370 26.3
69,485 25.2
Single Over 15
91,630 18.5
50,995 20.5
40,635 16.5
120,660 21.8
68,060 24.5
52,605 19.1
Married 1
226,160 45.6
112,905 45.4
113,260 45.8
258,105 46.6
128,715 46.3
129,390 46.9
Widowed 17,260 3.5 3,240 1.3 14,015 5.7 Divorced Total
8,145 1.6 495,705
3,205 1.3 4,940 2.0 248,620
247,085
20,255 3.6 3,295 1.2 16,960 6.1 12,350 2.2 4,790 1.7 2 554,230
278,225
7,565 2.7 276,005
SOURCE: Based on Census of Canada 1976, Population: Demographic Characteristics by Age Group, Catalogue 92-825, Bulletin 2.2-6; and Census of Canada 1971, Population: General Characteristics, Catalogue 92-713, Bulletin 1.2-5. 1
Includes separated.
2 Does not correspond exactly with those totals presented in Table I - 1.2.
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TABLE III - 2.4 DIVORCE RATES. CANADA, ALBERTA AND EDMONTON JUDICIAL DISTRICT 1974 - 1978
LOCATION Canada
Alberta
Edmonton1
45,019 50,611 54,207 55,370 57,155
4,947 5,475 5,697 5,843 6,059
N. A. 2,239 2,435 2,502 2,801
200.6 222.0 235.8 238.1 243.4
288.6 309.7 309.9 309.2 310.7
N.A. 495.8 527.8 530.7 585.9
Number of Divorces 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Divorce Rate2 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE(s): (1) Statistics Canada, Vital Statistics, Vol. II. Marriages and Divorces, 1978, Cat. #84-205. (2) Alberta Attorney Generals Department, Divorce Court. NOTES:
1. 2.
The Edmonton Judicial District encompasses a broad area beyond the boundaries of the City of Edmonton. Rates are per hundred thousand population.
7
TABLE III - 2,5 MARRIAGE RATES2 CANADA, ALBERTA AND EDMONTON 1974 - 1978
LOCATION Canada
Alberta
Edmonton
198,824 197,585 193,343 187,344 185,523
16,691 17,520 17,752 17,976 18,277
4,854 5,289 5,324 5,245 5,144
885.8 866.6 840.9 805.5 790.0
969.3 985.4 965.8 951.1 937.3
Number of Marriages
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1 Marriage Rate
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
1,089.1 1,171.1 1,154.0 1,112.5 1,076.0
SOURCE: Statistics Canada, Vital Statistics, Vol II, Marriages and Divorces, 1978, CAT. #84-205. 1
Per hundred thousand population.
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TABLE III - 2.6 NUMBER OF DAY CARE PLACEMENTS, 1974 - 1979 (Persons) Government Subsidized Spaces (1)
Other Centers
Total (2)
1974
913
1,800
2,713
1975
1,153
2,120
3,273
1976
1,294
2,331
3,625
1,260
2,649
3,909
1978
1,243
3,905
5,158
1979
1,442
4,095
5,537
1977 ,
SOURCE(s): (1) The City of Edmonton Social Services Department, Day Care Branch. (2) Alberta Social Services and Community Health Department
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- 94 TABLE III - 2.7 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE CASELOADS* (MONTHLY AVERAGE) 1474 - 1474 With Dependent Unemployable(1)
Employable(2)
Children( 3)
Total % Increase Persons (Decrease)
1974
5,190
1,350
5,280
11,820
••••••••••
1975
5,650
1,110
12,110
2.5
1976
5,670
1,720
5,350 4,900
12,290
1.5
1977
5,402
1,506
5,757
12,665
3.1
1978
5,290
1,425
5,663
12,378
(2.3)
1979 ,
5,216
1,089
5,225
11,530
(6.9)
SOURCE(s):
The City of Edmonton Social Services Department Alberta Social Services & Community Health Department
NOTES:
(1) The Unemployable includes: a. persons over age 60 b. persons with a physical disability of a medically confirmed illness c. persons having a mental illness or being mentally retarded d. persons considered psychologically or socially unsuitable for employment. (2) The Employable includes: a. persons who are unemployed and looking for employment and whose employability may be under assessment b. persons temporarily unavailable for work due to educational training, expecting a child, or being in jail for less than 90 days c. persons who are employed part or full time with insufficient income. (3) Persons with dependent child(ren) include families with single parents either male or female. Figures shown are adjusted to the calendar year basis from the fiscal year basis used by the Alberta Social Services & Community Health Department.
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TABLE III - 2.8 SOCIAL WELFARE RECIPIENTS IN EDMONTON. 1974-1979 1974
lia
1976
1977
.1913_
1979
Old Age Pension*
33,183
33,398
33,974
34,929
35,431
36,577
Guaranteed Income Supplement*
19,313
19,038
19,376
18,969
19,421
19,541
Families on Welfare**
11,054
11,971
12,331
12,232
11,323
10,641
SOURCE: Alberta Social Services and Community Health Department *
Derived by Corporate Policy Planning Office from data provided by the _ Alberta Social Services and Community Health Department.
** Include one-person households. The average is based on the fiscal year (April 1 - March 31)
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PROGRAM Community Housing
UNITS* 2,769
Low Income Housing (non-profit and cooperative)
726
Senior Citizen Lodge (beds)
494
Senior Citizen Self-Contained
_2,881
Core Housing Incentive Program (subsidized units)
1,100
Alberta Family Home Purchase Program
2,365
Limited Dividend
4.019
TOTAL
14,348
SOURCE: Edmonton = Estate and Housing Department, 1980 Annual Housing .1ep, 3 A 1980. * These figures do not include units under construction.
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L,JF1rJr1bkI rOLILA rLAININIINU
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P020 0605 1979 v.2
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LIBRARY Tbs.ciii 1 Disnontop
EDMONTON STATISTICAL REVIEW
VOLUME II: CORPORATE RESOURCES OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON
1974-1979
The City of Edmonton Corporate Policy Planning Office October, 1980
7
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLES AND FIGURES PREFACE
iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
VOLUME II: CORPORATE RESOURCES OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON SECTION I:
FINANCIAL RESOURCES 1. 2. 3. 4.
Operating Revenues Capital Financing Operating Expenditures Capital Expenditures
SECTION II: LAND RESOURCES 1. Land Use 2. Land Development SECTION III: MANPOWER RESOURCES 1. Number of Civic Employees 2. Total Manyears 3. Labour Costs SECTION IV: UTILITIES
5 5 21 32 39 42 42 49 54 54 58 66 69
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page I. FINANCIAL RESOURCES 1. OPERATING REVENUES Table I Table I Table I Table I Table I Table I Table I Table I Table I
1.1 Operating Revenues by Sources, 12 1974-1979 13 - 1.2 Property Assessment, 1974-1979 - 1.3 Average Property Assessment and Property Tax Levy Per Dwelling Unit - 1974-1979 14 1.4 Property Tax Mill Rates, 1974-1979 15 - 1.5 Comparative House Prices and Property Tax Levy on a Sample House in 1979 16 - 1.6 Business Assessment and Taxation, 1974-1979 . . • 17 - 1.7 Operating Grants by Type and Source, 1974-1979 . • 18 - 1.8 Per Capita Operating Grants by Type and Source - 1974-1979 19 - 1.9 Utility Contributions to General Revenues, 20 1974-1979
2. CAPITAL FINANCING Table I - 2.1 Sources of Capital Funds - 1974-1979 Table I - 2.2 Debt Borrowings, 1974-1979 Table I - 2.3 Comparison of Outstanding Debt with Taxable Property Assessment, 1974-1979 Table I - 2.4 Per Capita Outstanding Debt and Per Capita Debt Service Charge by City, 1979 Table I - 2.5 The City of Edmonton Functional Classification of Programs Table I - 2.6 Capital Grants by Function, 1974-1979 Table I - 2.7 Capital Grants by Source, 1974-1979
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
3. OPERATING EXPENDITURES Table I - 3.1 Operating Expenditure by Function, 1974-1979 . 34 Table I - 3.2 Municipal Debt Charges by Function, 1974-1979 • • 35 Table I - 3.3 Operating Expenditures by Function, 1974-1979 (With Allocation of Debt Charges to Each Function) 36 Table I - 3.4 Per Capita Operating Expenditures by Function, 1974-1979 37 Table I - 3.5 Per Capita Operating Expenditures by Function, 1974-1979 (With Allocation of Debt Charges to Each Function) 38
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CAPITAL EXPENDITURES Table I Table I
- 4.1 Capital Expenditures by Function, 1974-1979 . •• 40 - 4.2 Per Capita Capital Expenditure by Function, 41 1974-1979
II LAND RESOURCES 1.
LAND USE Table II - 1.1 City Area and Annexation, 1961-1979 Table II - 1.2 Vacant Industrial Land by Zoning, December 31, 1979 Table II - 1.3 Vacant Industrial Land by State of Service at December 31, 1979 Table II - 1.4 Parkland and Other Open Space Inventory by Recreation District, December 31, 1979 . . . . Table II - 1.5 School Land Inventory and Space Utilization . ..
44 45 46 47 48
2. LAND DEVELOPMENT 51
Table II - 2.1 Land Servicing, 1974-1979 Table II - 2.2 Residential Development, Servicing and Capacity in Outline Plan Areas Table II - 2.3 Vacant Serviced Land at Year-End by Use, 1974-1979
52 53
III MANPOWER RESOURCES 1.
NUMBER OF CIVIC EMPLOYEES Table III - 1.1
Number of Permanent Employees of the City of Edmonton by Department, 1974-1979 . Table III - 1.2 Number of Temporary Employees of the City of Edmonton by Department, 1974-1979 2.
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56 57
TOTAL MAN YEARS Table III - 2.1 Table III - 2.2 Table III - 2.3 Table III - 2.4
Manpower Strength of the City of Edmonton by Group, 1974-1979 Percentage Distribution of the City of Edmonton Man Years by Group, 1974-1979 . • • • Manpower Strength of the City of Edmonton by Function, 1974-1979 Percentage Distribution of the City of Edmonton Man Years by Function, 1974-1979 . • The City of Edmonton Man Years per 1000 Population, 1974-1979 The City of Edmonton Man Years per 1000 Population by Function, 1974-1979 •
Table III - 2.5 Table III - 2.6
•
60 61 62 63 64 65
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LABOUR COSTS Table III - 3.1
Total Labour Cost of the City of Edmonton, 1974-1979 Table III - 3.2 Average Labour Cost Per Man Year of the City of Edmonton, 1974-1979 IV
67 68
UTILITIES Table IV - 1.1 Telephone Statistics, 1974-1979 Table IV - 1.2 Edmonton Power Statistics, 1974-1979 Table IV - 1.3 Edmonton Municipal Airport - Total Movements and Passengers, 1974-1979 Table IV - 1.4 Water Consumption and Capacity, 1974-1979 . • • • Table IV - 1.5 Water and Sanitation - Solid Waste and Comparative Cost Statistics, 1974-1979
74 75 76 77 78
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EDMONTON STATISTICAL REVIEW, 1974-1979 VOLUME II: CORPORATE RESOURCES OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON
PREFACE
The Edmonton Statistical Review is an annual publication which provides historical information on environmental conditions and resource utilization in Edmonton.
It is intended to assist City Council and the City
Administration in the formulation of long-range plans and policies. Moreover, it is hoped that this document might also Prove useful to interested citizens, businesses, and organizations.
Unlike in previous years, the 1974-1979 issue of the Edmonton Statistical Review has been divided into two volumes, namely, Volume I: Edmonton Area Environment, and Volume II: Corporate Resources of the City of Edmonton.
Volume II provides statistical information in the areas of manpower, finance, land and utility resources, which are at the disposal of City Council and the City Administration.
It is made up of four sections:
Section I deals with the operating and capital financial resources of the City, Section II provides information on land use and land development, Section III discusses civic manpower resources, and lastly, Section IV presents statistical information on the utility departments of the City, i.e., telephones, power, municipal airport and water and sanitation.
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All sections of the Statistical Review contain various sub-sections, each composed of a brief narrative accompanied by relevant statistical tables and figures. The narrative is intended only to highlight some of the more important information contained within the tables.
Although it is the objective to provide as many variables of pertinent information as possible in this Review, undoubtedly some information has either been inadvertently omitted or may not have been readily available and as such was not included.
It is hoped that in future publications
these omissions will be corrected.
During the preparation of this document we have received invaluable assistance from various departments within the City of Edmonton as well as from other government agencies such as Statistics Canada, Alberta Bureau of Statistics, Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Edmonton Regional Planning Commission, Edmonton Public School Board, Edmonton Separate School Board, University of Alberta, Grant MacEwan Community College, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology and Alberta Department of Education. We are grateful for this assistance.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Edmonton experienced rapid economic growth during the 70's.
This was
evidenced by such indicators as low unemployment rates, high incomes, increased total value of building permits and high in-migration of workers from other Canadian provinces.
However, by-products of such a buoyant
economy were negative aspects like increased crime rates, higher cost of living, more family breakdown and rising traffic accident rates.
With
these positive and negative effects of growth Edmonton is now experiencing, the urgency for optimal management of the City's finite corporate resources has become even more pronounced.
The following is intended to give an overview of "The Edmonton Statistical Review, 1974-1979, Volume II:
Corporate Resources of the City of
Edmonton". It outlines the highlights of each of the four sections of the report.
I.
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
In 1979, total operating revenues and total capital funds received by the City were $279 million and $325.5 million respectively. Property taxes, grants from other levels of government, utility contribution and transit revenues were the major sources of operating revenues. With respect to capital financing, $112 millioon or 34% of total funds were received through mortgages and debentures and another
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- 2 $99.2 million or 31% of the total came as capital grants from other levels of government including the municipal debt reduction grant from the Province.
The remaining $114 million or 35% came from
developer contributions and revenues. Both operating revenues and capital funding experienced rapid increases over the 1974-1979 period with the former rising by 18% per year and the latter by 23% annually.
Total operating expenditures for Municipal and Utility Services amounted to $488 million in 1979. Utility Services accounted for 45% of this, while Transportation Services, including Edmonton Transit, expended the second largest proportion of 18.7%. The total capital expenditure of $291 million in 1979 was allocated between Municipal Services with 59% and Utility Services with 41%. Over the period 1974-1979, operating and capital expenditures likewise increased rapidly at 23% and 20% per annum respectively.
II.
LAND RESOURCES
Through gradual annexation over the years, the City of Edmonton has increased in size to 123.45 square miles in 1979. At the end of that year, 5,436 net acres of industrial land were vacant, of which 1,881 net acres were serviced and 3,555 net acres were unserviced. In the same year, the City had 13,149 acres of parkland and other open space.
The West, South East, and South West recreation districts
each shared about 25% of this, while the North and Central districts had 17% and 8% respectively.
For the school years 1977-78 and
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-31978-79, school land utilization rate, as defined by the ratio of actual number of students to operational capacity, remained in the vicinity of 80% for both Public and Separate School Systems.
In 1979, the City serviced land for 11,246 dwelling units and 514.8 net acres of industrial land. By year-end, 63% or 64,046 dwelling units had been serviced out of an estimated 102,398 at capacity in outline plan areas.
III. MANPOWER RESOURCES
A direct response to Edmonton's growth is the expansion of its civic workforce. At year-end 1979, the City had 10,941 permanent and 1,865 temporary employees. The number of permanent employees increased at an annual rate of 6.8% during 1974-1979.
If measured in manyears, the manpower strength of the City rose at an even higher rate of 8.2% per year to 13,267 manyears in 1979. About 69% of this total was attributed to municipal services employees and 31% to employees in utility services.
The total City cost for employee wages and benefits amounted to $270 million in 1979.
On a per manyear basis, the average cost was
$20,329 for the same year. Although the rate of increase of total costs over the period 1974-1979 was steady and averaged 17.3% per year, the rate of increase of average labour cost per manyear has been decreasing with the 1979 increase being equal to only 2.7% over 1978.
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IV.
UTILITIES
The period 1974-1979 saw expansions in all utility service areas. Total telephones increased from 303,700 in 1974 to 436,687 in 1979 by an annual rate of
7.5%.
The start-up of Clover Bar #3 and Clover Bar
#4 during the period boosted total Edmonton Power generation capacity from 735 megawatts in 1974 to 1,050 megawatts in 1979. The Edmonton Municipal Airport recorded a total of 188,711 itinerant movements in 1979, up by an average annual rate of 9.6% from 1974.
Although
average water consumption per consumer declined during the period, total water consumption in Edmonton increased to 21,070 million gallons in 1979 from 17,902 million gallons in 1974. Total solid waste tonnage was 1.58 million in 1979, up from 1.37 million in 1974.
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I. FINANCIAL RESOURCES
1. Operating Revenues
A. Composition of Operating Revenues
The total operating revenue for 1979 was $279 million, up by 10.8% from 1978's total of $252 million. This was the first time in six years that the annual rate of increase of total operating revenues has significantly gone down. During the previous five years, the annual rate of increase ranged from 18.5% to 21.2%.
Although still the largest single source of operating revenues for the City, contributing to $77.6 million in 1979, total property taxes during this year decreased by 1.5% from $78.8 million in 1978. \Their percentage share of total operating revenues has also been declining from 35.4% in 1974 to 27.8% in 1979.
Grants from other levels of government are the second largest source of operating revenues.
In 1979, total grants, excluding
government payments in-lieu-of taxes, amounted to $36.1 million or 12.9% of the total.
This represented an increase of 12.3% over
1978 and an increase of 150% over the 1974 figure. annual increase during the 1974-1979 period was 20.8%.
The average
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- 6 Utility contributions and Transit revenues both ranked third among the sources of operating revenues with each contributing $28.3 million or 10.1% to the total in 1979. Throughout this document, Edmonton Transit is treated separately from other utility departments. While Transit revenues represent the total operating revenues of Edmonton Transit, utility contributions do not include the total operating revenues of utility departments.
These
contributions are made up of taxes and return on equity investment paid by utility departments and therefore are a net benefit to the City (see Table I - 1.9 for further explanation).
Business taxes also make a signicant contribution to total operating revenues, accounting for 9.8% of the total or $27.4 million.
This represented a 12.8% increase from 1978 and an
average annual increase of 27.8% since 1974. The percentage share of business taxes in total operating revenues has also been steadily increasing from 6.7% in 1974 to 9.8% in 1979. (Table I 1.1).
B. Property Assessment and Taxes
As a result of a general assessment in 1979, total assessment rose more than fourfold that year and mill rates were consequently dropped to about a quarter of the rates in 1978.
This sudden
change in assessment values and mill rates made 1979 figures incomparable with those of the previous year. Therefore, no trend analysis will be made from this data.
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Total property assessment in 1979 amounted to $11,784 million, of which $8,816 million or 74.8% was taxable. Of the total taxable assessment, land accounted for 52.4% or $4,615 million, while improvements accounted for 47.6% or $4,201 million.
The
distribution of total taxable assessment among the various types of properties was 48.0% for single-family residential, 18.1% for other residential and 33.9% for non-residential properties (Table I
1.2).
The average assessment per single family dwelling unit in 1979 was $39,901. This was more than twice the $19,637 average assessment per unit of other residential dwellings. The average tax levy per single-family dwelling unit was $594 while for other residential dwellings, the average was $355 per dwelling unit (Table I - 1.3).
In 1979, the composite municipal mill rate which is the average municipal tax rate for all properties was 10.07 mills. A uniform mill rate for supplementary school levy was applied to all types of properties and it was 6.87 mills in 1979.
For single-family
dwellings, the total mill rate including both municipal levy and supplementary school levy was 14.89 mills. It was 18.05 mills for other residential dwellings and for non-residential properties on which the school foundation levy is also applied, the total mill rate was 26.76 mills. The school foundation levy was removed from residential properties in 1974 concurrent with the introduction of a split mill rate policy for the municipal levy.
This policy
_
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_
-
-
- 8 applied a lower rate to single-family residential properties compared to other properties. However, by 1975 this two-tier split had become a three-tier split with different rates for single family dwellings, other residential dwellings and non-residential properties (Table I - 1.4).
From a property tax survey done on selected major cities in Canada in 1979, a detached three-bedroom bungalow with main floor area of 1,200 square feet, five years old, one-car garage, full basement and on a 50, x 120' fully serviced lot was assessed total property taxes, net of homeowner grants, of $670 in Edmonton. 12.5% lower than the survey average of $75)4.
This was
The lowest net
property tax levy was $421 in Medicine Hat while the highest levy was $1,075 in Winnipeg. The effective mill rate in Edmonton, as measured by the net property taxes divided by the current market value of the house was 7.44 mills.
Among the cities surveyed,
Medicine Hat had the lowest mill rate at 6.48 mills while Winnipeg had the highest at 15.93 mills (Table I - 1.5).
C. Business Assessment and Taxes
Edmonton's total business assessment in 1979 rose to $239.5 million, representing a 19.1% increase over 1978 and an average annual rate of increase of 27.2% over the 1974-1979 period. The total business tax levy was $27.5 million, up by 12.8% from 1978 and by an average annual rate of 27.8% since 1974. business tax rate was calculated at 11.5% for 1979.
The average
-
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-
_
-
The total number of business premises in the City increased by 2.8% over the previous year, totalling 12,050 in 1979. The average rate of increase per year during 1974-1979 was 3.4% (Table I - 1.6).
D. Operating Grants
The structure of grants from other levels of government changed over the period 1974-1979 with the shifting of importance from unconditional grants to conditional grants.
Total unconditional
grants amounting to $11.3 million was only 31.4% of total in 1979, whereas they accounted for 48.4% of total in 1974.
Conditional
grants totalled $24.8 million in 1979 compared to $7.4 million in 1974.
A much greater portion of total grants, equalling $35.0 million in 1979, originated from the Provincial Government and this proportion increased steadily from 92.7% in 1974 to 96.8% in 1979. Federal Government grants in 1979 totalled $1.1 million (Table I - 1.7).
On a per capita basis, total grants increased to $73 in 1979, up by 10.6% over 1978 and by an average annual rate of 18.6% during the 1974-1979 period. Conditional grants rose at more than twice the rate of unconditional grants. By source, per capita grants from the Federal Government remained stable at about $2 for each year in 1974-1979. This implies that all increases in per capita grants were brought about by increases in grants from the Province (Table I - 1.8).
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_
- 10-
E. Utility Contribution
The total utility contribution to general revenues in 1979 was $29.8 million, representing an increase of 9.2% over 1978 and an average annual increase of 10.0% since 1974.
Among all utilities, Edmonton Power made the largest contribution in 1979 with a total of $13.5 million. However, its relative share has declined continuously from 60.9% in 1974 to 45.3% in 1979. Its 1979 contribution consisted of $9.2 million in taxes and $4.3 million as return on equity investment.
'edmonton telephones' ranked second in importance in 1979 with a contribution of $10.1 million.
Its relative share had steadily
increased over the years from 24.9% in 1974 to 34.0% in 1979. Its contribution in 1979 can be broken down into $7.2 million in taxes and $2.9 in return on equity investment.
Edmonton Water, Edmonton Municipal Airport and Edmonton Sanitary Sewers ranked third, fourth and fifth with contributions of $3.9 million, $2.3 million, and $0.9 million, respectively. Prior to 1976, the Edmonton Municipal Airport did not make any contribution to the City by way of return on equity investment, although it paid property taxes to the City.
Edmonton Sanitary Sewers made no
contribution to the City by way of return on equity investment, but it started paying revenue taxes in 1977 (Table I - 1.9). •
-
-
-
-
-
Effective January 1, 1977, a utility fiscal policy was implemented in the City of Edmonton, requiring each utility to make a 15% return on the City's equity investment with 9% of the return going to the City's general fund and the remaining 6% being retained in the utility's reserve fund for future capital expansion.
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- 12 TABLE I - 1.1 OPERATING REVENUES* BY SOURCE, 1974 - 1979 ($ Thousands)
1974
1911
1976
1977
1978 .
1979
GRANTS Municipal Assistance
6,971
8,016
8,889
9,840
10,599
11,341
(1) Conditional Grants
7,419
12.868
15.042
18.992
21,562
24.767
14,390 (11.7)
20,884 (1)4.2)
23,940 (13.7)
28,832 (13.9)
32,161 (12.8)
36,108 (12.9)
18,614 (15.1)
19,818 (13.5)
21,823 (12.4)
21,887 (10.5)
25,031 (9.9)
28,301 (10.1)
10,429 (8.5)
12,490 (8.5)
13,810 (7.9)
18,203 (8.8)
23,504 (9.3)
28,279 (10.1)
8,187 (6.7)
10,508 (7.2)
15,404 (8.8)
19,771 (9.5)
24,321 (9.7)
27,432 (9.8)
OTHER REVENUES Government payments in lieu-of taxes
4,371
5,826
6,535
8,373
8,811
9,123
Local Improvement Tax
5,691
5,532
6,888
9,735
12,488
14,597
Gas Franchise Tax
1,596
2,780
4,869
6,653
8,076
8,357
16.128
19.179
22,228
27.922
98.611
49,221
27,786 (22.6)
33,317 (22.7)
40,520 (23.1)
52,683 (25.4)
68,006 (27.0)
81,298 (29.1)
43,607 (35.4)
49,861 (33.9)
59,847 (14.1)
66,338 (31.9)
78,764 (11.1)
77,566 (27.8)
121,011
146.878
175.344
207.714
251.787
278.984
19.3
19.4
19.4
18.5
21.2
10.8
Sub Total % of TOTAL
UTILITY CONTRIBUTIONS
(2)
% of TOTAL
TRANSIT REVENUES % of TOTAL
BUSINESS TAXES (3) % of TOTAL
Fees, Permits, Licences, etc. (4) Sub Total % of TOTAL
PROPERTY TAXES (5) % of TOTAL TOTAL
% Increase
SOURCE: Compiled by Edmonton Corporate Policy Planning Office. (1) Does not include interest rebate grant to utilities and municipal incentive planning grant, but includes grants to Edmonton Transit System. (2) Includes contribution of profit and revenue tax only. (3) Includes the Convention Centre levy from 1975 and on. (4) Excludes public housing rentals, but includes E.T.S. property tax. (5) Excludes school taxes. Actual receipts for the year.
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- 13 TABLE I - 1.2 PROPERTY ASSESSMENT. 1974 - 1979 ($ Thousands)
1974
1975
Land % of Total
930,377 54.6
935,350 53.3
974,631 52.7
991,549 51.1
1,030,016 50.0
4,615,497 52.4
Improvements % of Total
772,396 45.4
820,371 46.7
876,123 47.3
947,514 48.9
1,028,866 50.0
4,200,724 47.6
1.702.779
1.755.721
1,850,754
1.919,062
2.058,882
8.816.221
Single-Family % of Total
770,044 45.2
786,561 44.8
833,611 45.0
896,448 46.2
957,155 46.5
4,229,972 48.0
Other Residential % of Total
371,417 21.8
372,974 21.2
376,355 20.4
392,350 20.2
408,938 19.9
1,592,151 18.1
Non-Residential % of Total
561,312 31,0
596,186 94,0
640,788 34,6
650,265 33.6
692,789 19.6
2,994,098 91.9
1,702.779
1,755.721
1.850.754
1,919.062
2,058,882
8,816.221
530,943 29.8
554,723 24 0
576,141 29.7
613,221 24.0
654,046 24.1
2,967,528 25,2
2.299.716
2.110,444
2.426.895
2,552.281
2,712,928
11.781.749
1976
1977
1979
TAXABLE PROPERTIES
TOTAL
TOTAL EXEMPTED PROPERTIES % of Grand Total GRAND TOTAL
SOURCE: Edmonton Assessment Department * A general assessment took place in 1979.
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- 14-
TABLE I - 1.3 AVERAGE PROPERTY ASSESSMENT AND PROPERTY TAX LEVY PER DWELLING UNIT 1974 - 1979 ($) 1911
1975
1976 1977 1211 1911*
Single-Family
9,743
9,599
9,614
9,714
9,713
39,901
Other Residential
5,144
5,171
5,180
5,031
5,164
19,637
201 121
209 186
240 _21)5_
266 241
303 264
320 274
_322L
395
445
507
567
594
Municipal Taxes School Taxes
148 65
167 100
180 111
192 125
224 1141
220 135
Total
21
267
all
R17
165
155_
Average Assessment
Average Taxes Single-Family Municipal Taxes School Taxes TOTAL Other Residential
SOURCE: Edmonton Corporate Policy Planning Office. * A general assessment took place in 1979.
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- 15 TABLE I - 1.4 PROPERTY TAX MILL RATES. 1974 - 1979
12/4.** 1975 1976
1977
1978
1979*
31.19 27.21
8.02 6.87
46.29 52.22
58.40
14.89
34.76 21.36
38.25 24.78
43.48 27.21
11.18 6.87
56.12 63.03
70.69
18.05
42.31 24.78 24.84
48.09 27.21 25.35
12.37 6.87 7.52
60.65
71.57 79.55 91.91
100.65
26.76
25.16
27.86
39.32
10.07
Single Family Municipal Levy 20.69 21.75 24.93 27.44 Supplementary School Levy 12.67 19.40 21.36 24.78 School Foundation Levy TOTAL
33.36
41.15
Other Residential Municipal Levy 28.86 32.20 Supplementary School Levy 12.67 19.40 School Foundation Levy TOTAL
41.53 51.60
Non-Residential Municipal Levy 28.86 Supplementary School Levy 12.67 School Foundation Levy 19.12 TOTAL Composite Municipal Mill Rate
33.20 19.40 18.97
38.44 21.36 19.75
31.61
34.61
SOURCE: Edmonton Assessment Department A general assessment took place in 1979. **
The school Foundation Levy was removed from all residential properties in 1974. Prior to 1974 a uniform mill rate was applied to all types of properties for both municipal and school purposes, but the single family dwellings enjoyed preferential assessment treatment. In 1974, the Provincial Government removed the preferential assessment treatment from the single family dwellings and allowed municipalities to adopt a split mill rate policy. In order to restore the preferential treatment, Edmonton utilized a two-tier mill rate policy in the same year, applying a lower mill rate to the single family dwellings that to other properties for municipal purposes. However, a single rate was still applied to all properties for school purposes. The two-tier split became a. three-tier split in 1975 and after. In the meantime, the gap of the split was widened every year.
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- 16TABLE I - 1.5 COMPARATIVE HOUSE PRICES AND PROPERTY TAX LEVY ON A SAMPLE HOUSE(1) IN 1979 ($)
Cities
House Prices as of September, 1979
Property Tax Levy Municipal School Total
Homeowner Grants
Net Property Tax Levy
Effective Mill Rate (7)
Edmonton
90,000
361
309
670
0*
670
7.44
Calgary
91,000
364
297
661
0*
661
7.26
Lethbridge
62,500
315
292
607
0*
607
9.71
Medicine Hat
65,000
154
267
421
0*
421
6.48
Vancouver
85,000
520
505
1,025
(2) 380
645
7.59
Saskatoon
70,000
384
468
852
230(3)
622
8.89
Regina
69,000
675
510
1,185
230(3)
955
13.84
Ottawa
67,100
530
530
1,060(5)
(4) 86
974
14.52
Hamilton
64,000
553
4 40
993
(4) 79
914
14.28
Winnipeg
67,500
634
666
1,300
(6) 225
1,075
15.93
SOURCE: The City of Edmonton, Corporate Policy Planning Office, Property Tax Survey 1979. NOTES: (1) The sample house is defined as a detached three-bedroom bungalow with a main floor area of 1,200 square feet, on a 50' x 120' fully serviced lot, five years old, one-car garage, full basement, but no recreation room or fireplace. (2)Grant for homeowners aged 64 and under, $580 if owned by senior citizens, available through a provincial tax credit scheme. (3)One-half of the property taxes paid to a maximum of $230 for homeowners aged 64 and under and $460 for senior citizens available through the provincial imcome tax scheme (4). (4)$180 plus 10% of property tax paid minus 2% of taxable income (taxable income is assumed at $10,000), available through the provincial income tax scheme. (5)For a house with an assessed value of $7,000. (6)The basic property tax reduuction for homeowners; an additional maximum credit of $150 may be obtained through the homeowner's income tax return. (7)The effective mill rate is obtained by dividing the net property tax levy by the current market value of the house. Alberta property tax reduction plan for education tax grants a minimum benefit of $400 to senior citizens and $200 to other property owners through a forgiveness or rebate of the difference between the minimum benefit and the education tax. For this particular house, the forgiveness benefit was $338 in Edmonton, $265 in Calgary, $263 in Lethbridge and $241 in Medicine Hat.
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- 17-
TABLE I - 1.6 BUSINESS ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION. 1974 - 1979
1974
laa
1976
'ail
1913.
1979
73,189
86,892
128,302
164,267
201,118
239,482
16.40
18.72
47.66
28.03
22.43
19.08
8,246
10,631
15,611
19,981
24,403
27,520
18.24
28.92
16.84
27.99
22.13
12.77
11.3
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.1
11.5
Number of Business Premises (at beginning of the year) 10,165
10,670
11,146
11,451
11,719
12,050
5.0
4.4
2.7
2.3
2.8
Business Assessment ($ Thousands) (at year end) % Increase
Business Tax Levy* ($ Thousands) % Increase
Average Tax Rate* (%)
% Increase
4.1
SOURCE(s): (1) Edmonton Assessment Department (2) Edmonton Finance Department * Including the one percent point for construction of the Convention Centre from 1975 and on.
- 18-
TABLE I - 1.7 OPERATING GRANTS BY TYPE AND SOURCE, 1974 - 1979 (thousand $)
Type
1911
1915_
1916.
1977
_ma
1979
Unconditional* % of Total
6,971 48.4
8,016 38.4
8,898 37.2
9,840 34.1
10,599 33.0
11,341 31.4
Conditional % of Total
7,419 51.6
12,868 LA
15,042 62.8
18,992 65.9
21,562 Lail
24,767 68.6
14.990
20.884
29,940
28,892
92,161
96,108
1,053 7.3
1,068 5.1
1,253 5.2
1,379 4.8
1,357 4.2
1,150 3.2
Provincial Government % of Total
13,337 92.7
19,816 94.9
22,687 94.8
27,453 95.2
30,804 95.8
34,958 96.8
TOTAL
14.990
20,884
29,940
28,812
12.161
16,108
34.3
45.1
13.6
20.4
11.5
12.3
TOTAL Source Federal Government % of Total
% Growth in Total
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report NOTE:
Figures shown exclude grants in lieu of taxes, grants to the Local Board of Health, Municipal Incentive Planning grant, and Interest Rebate grant to Utilities, but include grants to the Edmonton Library Board.
* Unconditional grants include Municipal Assistance grant and Municipal Incentive grant.
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- 19TABLE I - 1.8 PER CAPITA OPERATING GRANTS BY TYPE AND SOURCE 1974 - 1979
($) iga
12/5.
1976
1977
laza
1979 ....
Unconditional
15
18
19
21
22
23
Conditional
1.7
2.8
Ti
32
46
aa
61
66
73
2
2
3
3
3
2
32_
44
49
98
63
/I_
TOTAL
32_
46
52_
61
66
73
% Increase
33.3
43.8
13.0
17.3
Type
TOTAL
40
.4./1_ 10_
Source Federal Government Provincial Government
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 1.7
8.2
10.6
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TABLE I - 1.9 UTILITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL REVENUE. 1974 - 1979 ($ Thousands) ( ) 1978
1974
1975
1976
1977
8,075 9.268 11,343 60.9
7,839 4.525 12,364 60.9
7,154 5.964 13,118 57.4
3,678 6,715 10,393 44.9
3,860 8.470 12,330 45.1
4,322 9,198 13,520 45.3
2,324 2,922 4,646 24.9
2,254 2.626 4,880 24.0
2,196 9.915 5,531 24.2
2,061 5,999 7,460 32.3
2,405 6.187 8,592 31.5
2,969 7.175 10,144 34.0
1,819 784 2,603 14.0
2,071 876 2,947 14.5
2,131 1.090 3,221 14.1
1,827 1,666 3,493 15.1
1,876 1.775 3,651 13.4
2,000 1,897 3,897 13.1
0 It 41 0.2
0 105 105 0.6
679 R09 988 4.3
704 982 1,086 4.7
790 422 1,212 4.4
850 460 1,310 4.4
0 / 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 695 695 3.0
0 800 800 2.9
0 949 949 3.2
8,270 14,857 23,127
8,931 18.989 27,314
10,141 19,679 29,820
1979
EDMONTON POWER: Return on Investment Taxes (2) Sub-Total % of Total EDMONTON TELEPHONES: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total EDMONTON WATER: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total EDMONTON MUNICIPAL AIRPORT: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total EDMONTON SANITARY SEWERS: Return on Investment Taxes Sub-Total % of Total
0 1 0 0
UTILITIES: Return on Investment Taxes Total Contribution
12,218 6,415 18,633
12,164 8.192 20,296
12,160 10,698 22,858
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department - Financial Statements and Reports (1) A utility fiscal policy was Implemented, effective January 1, 1977, requiring in each utility (a) 15% on City's equity investment; (b) 9% of the return going to general fund. (2) Includes gas franchise tax.
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- 21 -
2. Capital Financing
Total capital funds received in 1979 were $325.5 million up from $262.5 million in 1978 and significantly higher than the $123.9 million received in 1974. Over the 1974-1979 period, capital funds received increased at an average rate of 22.8% per annum (Table I - 2.1).
In 1979, the Alberta Government implemented the Municipal Debt Reduction Program by which a portion of surplus provincial revenues were allocated to Alberta municipalities to reduce municipal debts. Each municipality received a Debt Reduction Grant of $500 per resident based on the official population as of June 30, 1978.
Edmonton's
municipal debt reduction grant amounted to $239.0 million, of which $184.1 million were applied to retire all eligible outstanding debts and $54.9 million were applied to finance a portion of municipal capital expenditures in 1979.
A. Debenture Borrowings
Debentures and mortgages continued to be the principal source of capital funds in 1979 in spite of the $54.9 million Provincial debt reduction grant received by the City that year which was applied to 1979 tax-supported debt borrowings.
The total funds received
through debentures and mortgages in 1979 was $112 million or 34% of total capital funds.
In contrast, this source contributed more
than 50% of total capital funds in each of the preceding years from 1974-1978 (Tables I - 2.1 and I - 2.2).
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- 22-
Another consequence of the municipal debt reduction program in 1979 was a decrease in the City's total outstanding debt by 10.2% from $932.2 million the previous year to $837.1 million.
It also
follows that the tax-supported portion of this total was significantly reduced, i.e. 8.9% in 1979 compared to 22.0% in 1978 and 32.7% in 1974.
In 1979, the substantial reduction of total outstanding debt coupled by a general assessment which increased total assessment values more than fourfold, resulted in a significant drop in total debt as a percentage of taxable property assessment.
The 1979
figure was 9.4%, compared to 45.2% in 1978 and 27.2% in 1974.
On a per capita basis, total outstanding debt also showed the same reversal of trend; from an annual increase of between 14.6 - 18.8% in each of the years 1974 to 1978, to a decrease of 12.6% in 1979 (Table I - 2.3).
A comparison of six major Canadian cities showed that Edmonton had the highest per capita outstanding debt in 1979, amounting to $1,705. Calgary was next at $729 while Hamilton had the lowest at $127.
But looking at the tax-supported portion of per capita
outstanding debt, Edmonton was found to have one of the lowest at $152, only Hamilton at $122 was lower (Table I - 2.4).
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-
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- 23 As in per capita outstanding debt, Edmonton's per capita debt service charge of $210 in 1979 was the highest among the six major Canadian cities compared. However, the tax-supported portion of Edmonton's per capita debt service charge was third lowest at $29 (Table I - 2.4).
B. Capital Grants
In 1979, the municipal debt reduction grant from the Province boosted the City's total capital grants received from other levels of government to $99.2 million.
This represented 31% of total
capital funds; twice the percentage share of this source in 1978 (Table I - 2.1).
With the exception of the municipal debt reduction grant of $54.9 million in 1979, Table I - 2.6 categorizes all senior government grants budgeted each year for capital expenditures accoroding to the functional classification of programs and departments in Figure I - 2.5.
In 1979, Transportation Services had the largest
proportion of capital grants amounting to $39.0 million. Environmental Health Services came next, with $5.3 million and Recreation and Cultural Services was third with $3.9 million. No capital grant was budgeted for the capital expenditures of Protective Services, Public Health and Social Services and Utility Services.
^
^
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^
a a
-24 On a per capita basis and excluding the municipal debt reduction grant, total grants amounted to $101 in 1979, up by 33% from 1978 and by an average of 25.9% per year during the 1974-1979 period (Table I - 2.6).
By source, the Provincial Government continued to provide the greater proportion of capital grants.
Eighty-eight per cent of
total capital grants came from the Province in 1979 while the Federal Government provided the remaining 12%.
The percentage
distribution between these two levels of government remained relatively stable during the 1974-1979 period (Table I - 2.7).
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-
-
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- 25-
TABLE I - 2,1 SOURCES OF CAPITAL FUNDS' 1974 - 1979
Debentures & Mortgages ($ Thousands) % of Total Senior Government Grants ($ Thousands) % of Total Prepayment and Developer Contributions ($ Thousands) % of Total Reserves and Others ($ Thousands) % of Total TOTAL ($ Thousands) % Growth
1978
laia
1976
lan
88,758
112,695
141,448
160,000
178,000
112,000
72
61
64
54
68
34
9,938
27,421
32,047
46,220
39,285
99,220
8
15
15
16
15
31
13,919
14,178
20,906
31,399
30,973
49,443
9
11
12
15
1974
11
8
1919_
11,317
28,853
26,066
56,759
14,265
64,869
9
16
12
19
5
20
12R,9R2
18,147
220.467
294.178
262,52R
R25.5R2
35
48
20
33
-10.8
24.0
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report Figures shown in this Table are actual receipts during the year. They may not be consistent with the actual capital spending for the year as some of the funds budgeted for a particular year may be already spent during the year but the money may not be received until the following year (e.g. capital grant), or vice versa.
q
-26-
TABLE I - 2.2 DEBT BORROWINGS, 1974 - 1979
laii
1911
1975 ..
1976
1977
1.9.78
Tax-supported ($ Thousands)
16,642
19,310
15,500
35,857
24,402
0
% of Total
18.5
17.1
11.0
22.4
13.7
0.0
73,434
93,395
125,948
124,143
153,598
112,000
81.5
82A
89.0
77.6
86..3
100.0
90.076
112,705
141,448
160,000
178,000
112,000
119.4
25.1
25.5
13.1
11.3
-37.1
Self-liquidating* ($ Thousands) % of Total TOTAL (5 Thousands)
% Increase
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports * Includes Edmonton Transit System.
-27TABLE I - 2.3 COMPARISON OF OUTSTANDING DEBT WITH TAXABLE PROPERTY ASSESSMENT. 1974 - 1979
1974
1975
1976
1977
Laza
Tax-supported % of Total
151,029 32.7
163,178 29.5
170,892 25.4
198,052 24.7
204,824 22.0
74,643 8.9
Self-liquidating % of Total
311,326 67.3
390,747 70.5
501,371 74.6
603,557 75.3
727,346 78.0
762,463 91.1
462.155
553.925
672.26R
801.609
932.170
837.106
18.2
19.8
21.4
19.2
16.3
-10.2
339 699
361 865
370 1.086
420 1 280
428 1.521
152 1.552
1,038
1.226
1.456
1.700
1.949
1.704
17.3
18.1
18.8
16.8
14.6
-12.6
Tax-supported Self-liquidating
8.9 18.3
9.3 22.3
9.2 27.1
10.2 31.1
9.9 15.3
0.8 8.6
TOTAL
27.2
31.6
36.3
41.3
45.2
9.4
1979
Total Outstanding Debt ($ Thousands)
TOTAL % of Total
Per Capita Outstanding Debt Tax-supported Self-liquidating TOTAL
% Increase
Debt as Percent of Taxable Property Assessment* (%)
SOURCE(s):
Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports and, Edmonton Assessment Department, Assessment Report
* A general assessment took place in 1979.
1^
-
-
-
-
1
1
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
TABLE I - 2.4 PER CAPITA OUTSTANDING DEBT AND PER CAPITA DEBT SERVICE CHARGE BY CITY, 1979 Edmonton
Calgary
Vancouver
491
548
410
152
330
268
325
122
181
Self-liquidating
1,553
399
El
166
_5.
117
TOTAL
1,705
729
968
491
127
298
29
26
48
59
19
37
Self-liquidating
181
45
_19.
_2.6_
__I_
10
TOTAL
210
_11
_61
85
_aa
47
Population (Thousands)
Winnipeg 604
Hamilton 307
Ottawa 301
Per Capita Outstanding Debt ($) Tax-supported
Per Capita Debt Service Charge ($) Tax-supported
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report
-
-
-
- 29 TABLE I - 2.5 THE CITY OF EDMONTON FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMS
Functioa General Government Services
Program
Deoartment Executive Services Law Personnel Public Relations Municipal Assessment Management Studies, Systems & Budget Auditor General Finance
General Supply and Services General
All All All All All All All All (excluding programs included with Fiscal Services) All Management Information System Other Miscellaneous Activities
Protective Services
Police Fire Bylaw Enforcement General
All All All (excluding parking operation) Ambulance Service Street Lighting Fire Hydrants
Transportation Services
Engineering Planning Transit Bylaw Enforcement Parks and Recreation
All (excluding Airport) Transportation Planning All Parking Operations Boulevard Maintenance, Street Tree Programs
Environmental Health Services
Water and Sanitation
Storm Drainage and Solid Waste Programs
Public Health & Social Services
Social Services
All (including DATA, Senior Citizen Bus Passes)
Real Estate and Housing Parks and Recreation General
Social Housing Programs Cemeteries Auxiliary Hospitals
Planning
All (excluding Transportation Planning)
Business Development Real Estate and Housing
All All (excluding social housing activities) Edmonton Regional Planning Commission
Environmental Development Services
General
Recreation and Cultural Services
Parks and Recreation
Library General
All (excluding cemeteries, boulevard maintenance and street tree programs) All Grants
Fiscal Services
Finance
Municipal Debt Charges Tax Discounts and Adjustments Net Short Term Interest Costs General Financial Expense
Utility Services
Power Telephones Water and Sanitation EUS Engineering
Al]. All Water and Sanitary Sewer All Airport
-
-
- 30 TABLE I - 2.6 CAPITAL GRANTS BY FUNCTION"i 1974 - 1979 1974
1975
1976
1977
0 0 13,048 665
0 0 14,668 1,215
0 470 14,493 1,108
0 0 233 0 0 95 19,500 24,285 38,963 1,721 5,306 3,648
0
0
150
0
0
0
0
846
878
1,346
1,797
1,283
1,803 0
7,137 0
18,128 0
18,129 0
6,302 0
3,868 0
15,516
23.866
35.227 40,696
36.127
49i653
1911
1979 .
Total Grants ($ Thousands) General Government Services Protection Services Transportation Services Environmental Health Services Public Health and Social Services Environmental Development Services Recreation and Cultural Services* Utilities Services SUB-TOTAL Municipal Debt Reduction Grant*** TOTAL GRANTS % Increase
54,913 15.516
23,866
133.1
53.8
47.6
15.5
-11.2
189.4
0 0 29 2
0 0 32 3
0 1 31 3
0 0 41 4
0 0 51 8
0 0 79 11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
4
3
4 0
16 0
39 0
38 0
13 0
8 0
95_
53
71.
86
zE
101
35.227 40,696
36,127 104,566
Per Capita Grants, ($) General Government Services Protective Services Transportation Services Environmental Health Services Public Health and Social Services Environmental Development Services Recreation and Cultural Services Utility Services SUB-TOTAL Municipal Debt Reduction Grant*** TOTAL PER CAPITA GRANTS % Increase
-35 133.3
5 51.4
112
76
86
76
213
43.4
13.2
-11.6
180.3
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report Includes grants for Commonwealth Games and Capital City Park. Figures shown in this Table are grants budgeted for capital expenditure in each year. They may not necesarily coincide with figures shown in Table 1-2.1 The amount shown is the portion of Municipal Debt Reduction Grant which was applied to 1979 capital expenditures. The remaining $184 million was applied to retire eligible outstanding municipal debt.
-
-
-31 -
TABLE I - 2.7 CAPITAL GRANTS BY SOURCE. 1974 - 1979
iaa
1974
1976
1977
19_73_
1919_
Total Grants ($ Thousands) Federal Government % of Total Provincial Government % of Total TOTAL
2,214
2,685
7,133
9,329
6,235
5,968
14.3
11.3
20.2
22.9
17.3
12.0
13,302
21,181
28,094
31,367
29,892
43,685
85.7
88.7
79.8
77.1
82.7
88.0
15.516
23.866
35.227
40.696
36,127
49.653
5
6
15
20
13
12
11
ILI
61
66
613_
89
35
53
_1_6_
86
16_
101
Per Capita Grants ($) Federal Government Provincial Government TOTAL
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department, Annual Report
-323. Operating Expenditures
A. Total Expenditures
The total operating expenditure for municipal services, including Edmonton Transit, was $266.7 million in 1979, representing an increase of 4% over 1978. This lower rate of increase compared to previous years was brought about by a decrease in Fiscal Services operating expenditures (including debt service charges) of 22.4% during the year. The average rate of increase of total operating expenditure for municipal services for the period 1974-1979 was 22.6% per annum.
Among the functional areas in municipal services, Transportation Services had the largest operating expenditure in 1979 totalling $75.6 million or 28.3% of the total. Protective Services followed closely behind with $70 million or 26.2% while Fiscal Services and Recreation and Cultural Services were third and fourth with $38.6 million and $34.3 million, respectively.
For Utility Services, total operating expenditures increased at an average annual rate of 23.1% from $78.7 million in 1974 to $221.2 million in 1979 (Table I - 3.1).
Fiscal Services total operating expenditure (or municipal debt charges) was broken down into the other municipal functions in Table I - 3.2. Transpoortation Services had the highest municipal
-
-
-33-
debt charge in 1979, accounting for 40.2% of the total, while Environmental Development Services had the lowest at 0.2%. When these municipal debt charges were aggregated with the total operating expenditures in the various municipal functional areas, Transportation Services again accounted for the largest share with $91.1 million or 34.1% of the total.
Protective Services came
second with $70.5 million or 26.5% and Recreation and Cultural Services was third with $38.3 million or 14.3% (Table I - 3.3).
B. Per Capita Expenditure
On a per capita basis, total municipal expenditures were $543 in 1979 up by 1.1% from 1978 and by an average anual rate of 15.9% for the period 1974-1979. Total utility services expenditure increased 10.8% to $450 in 1979 with an average annual rate of increase of 20.8% since 1974. Fiscal services expenditures dropped to $79 in 1979 from $104 in 1978 (Table I - 3.4).
Including debt service charge allocations, per capita operating expenditure in 1979 vs 1978 dropped for two of the functional areas: Transportation Services registered $185 down from $189 and Environmental Health Services recorded $34 down from $42. Recreation and Cultural Services remained stationary at $78. All the other functional areas showed an increase in 1979 over the previous year (Table I - 3.5).
-
-
-34-
TABLE I - R.1 OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION. 1974 - 1979
($ Thousands) Function
12/1
12/1
1976
1977
1913.
191/
General Government Services % of Total
6,549 5.6
9,050 6.4
12,153 7.1
13,427 6.6
13,141 5.1
13,211 5.0
Protective Services % of Total
33,534 28.6
40,639 28.6
47,441 27.7
52,244 25.7
63,163 24.6
69,916 26.2
Transportation Services % of Total
23,021 19.6
30,577 21.5
38,300 22.4
48,203 23.7
68,633 26.8
75,567 28.3
Environmental Health Services % of Total
4,847 4.1
5,521 3.9
6,753 3.9
9,091 4.5
7,597 3.0
8,403 3.2
Public Health and Social Services % of Total
7,116 6.1
8,316 5.9
8,033 4.7
10,700 5.3
14,789 5.8
17,341 6.5
Environmental Development Services % of Total
3,584 3.1
4,146 2.9
4,961 2.9
6,873 3.4
8,426 3.3
9,342 3.5
Recreation and Cultural Services % of Total
15,534 13.2
17,954 12.6
21,034 12.3
25,278 12.4
30,986 12.1
34,332 12.9
Fiscal Services* % of Total
23,076 19.7
25,736 18.1
32,425 19.0
37,534 18.5
49,780 19.4
38,609 14.5
117,261
141.99
171.100
20.R..R50
256.515
266.721
16.5
21.0
20.5
18.8
26.1
4.0
78,661
101.544
129,050
164.406
194.164
221.201
13.8
29.1
27.1
27.4
18.1
13.9
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE % Increase Utility Services % Increase
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports
NOTE:
Edmonton Transit is included in the Transportation Services function rather than in the Utility Services. * Refer to Table I - 3.3 for debt service charges effects on operating expenditures in functional areas.
..-
-35TABLE I - 3.2 MUNICIPAL DEBT CHARGES BY FUNCTION. 1974 - 1979
($ Thousand) 1975
1974
General Government Services Mobile Equipment Services Financial Expenses (1)
1976
1977
laa
1979
47 1,118 1,165
47 3.301 3,348
693 2.755 3,448
559
197 578 / 782
261 627 / 895
251 621 6 878
6,965 463 159
7,233 800 159
7,603 1,652 159
8,019 3,392 160
4,294 12,270
4,319 399 12,910
4,961
5,380
6,082
6,599
8,843
4,149
1.060 6,021
923 6,303
1,675 7,757
2.528 9,127
3.832
12,675
4,231 8,380
16 386
16 580 596
16 1,286 1,302
26 1,731 1,757
Environmental Development Service Planning - N.I.P. City Market 21 21
21 21
57 21 78
3,582
3,540 419 3,959
4,199 404 4,603
21.076
25.736
32,425
47 190
237 Protective Services Police Fire Street Lighting - City Share
149 410 -
Transportation Services Engineering Transit Parking Garage Local Improvement Property Share (1) Traffic Lights
389
Environmental Health Services Storm Sewer & Solid Wastes Local Improvement Property Share (1) Public Health & Social Services Social Services Subsidy Housing
Recreation & Cultural Services Parks & Recreation Library TOTAL
170
3,163 419
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department,
1,614
1,089
4.024
6,758
5,638
7,847
350 727
203 446
6
6
1,083
655
8,713 4,428 159
5,564 963 159
8,589 4,438 5,133 7,781 237 590 Eii 638 14,442 17,360 21,719 15,512
37
27
1.904
2.169
1,941
2,196
57 21 78
223 244
62 2 83
4,482 404 4,886
6,088
3,586
21
392
350
6,480
3,936
37,534 49,780 38,609
Financial Statements and Reports and
Annual Report
NOTE:
(1) 3 year local improvement debt charges excluded from the financial expenses, but included in the local improvement property share.
-
--
-
-
-
- 36 TABLE I - R.3 OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION. 1974 - 1979 (With Allocation of Debt Charges to Each Function) ($ Thousands) Function
1974
laza
1976
1977
1918
1979
General Government Services % of Total
6,786 5.8
10,215 7.2
15,501 9.1
16,875 8.3
18,779 7.3
21,058 7.9
Protective Services % of Total
34,093 29.1
41,414 29.2
48,336 28.3
53,122 26.1
64,246 25.0
70,571 26.5
Transportation Services % of Total
35,291 30.1
43,494 30.6
52,742 30.8
65,563 32.2
90,352 35.2
91,079 34.1
Environmental Health Services % of Total
10,868 9.3
11,824 8.3
14,510 8.5
18,218 9.0
20,272 7.9
16,783 6.3
Public Health & Social Services % of Total
7,502 6.4
8,912 6.3
9,335 5.5
12,457 6.1
16,730 6.5
19,537 7.3
Environmental Development Services % of Total
3,605 3.1
4,167 2.9
5,039 2.9
6,951 3.4
8,670 3.4
9,425 3.5
19,116 16.R
21,913 15.4
25,637 15.0
30,164 14.8
37,466 14.6
38,268 14.R
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE
117.261
141,99
171,100
203.350
256,515
266.721
Utility Services
78.661
101.544
129,050
164.406
194.164
221,201
Recreation & Cultural Services % of Total
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements & Reports NOTES: Edmonton Transit is included in the Transportation Service function rather than in the Utility Services.
-
-
-
-37 -
TABLE I - R.4 PER CAPITA OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION 1974 - 1979 ($)
1911
1215.
1976
1977
laza
1979
General Government Services
15
20
26
28
27
27
Protective Services
75
90
103
110
132
142
Transportation Services
52
68
83
102
144
154
Environmental Health Services
11
12
15
19
16
17
Public Health and Social Services
16
18
17
23
31
35
Environmental Development Services
8
9
11
15
18
19
Recreation and Cultural Services
35
40
46
54
65
70
Fiscal Services
52.
57
_z_o_
80
104
79
Lka
R14
R71
_43.1
537
543
16.8
19.4
18.2
16.2
24.6
1.1
176
225
280
34_9
406
450
12.8
27.8
24.4
24.6
16.3
10.8
Function
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE % Increase Utility Services % Increase
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 3.1
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-38 -
TABLE I - 3.5 PER CAPITA OPERATING EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION. 1974 - 1979 (With Allocation of Debt Charges to Each Function) ( $)
laza
1974
1975
General Government Services
15
22
33
36
39
43
Protective Services
76
92
105
113
134
144
Transportation Services
79
96
114
138
189
185
Environmental Health Services
23
32
39
42
34
Public Health and Social Services
17
20
20
26
35
40
Environmental Development Services
8
9
11
15
18
19
in
_L9 1_
_5_6_
64
78
78
TOTAL MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE
23_
.1 /4
3,11
/131
537
5i43.
Utility Services
176
225_
280
349
406
15_0_ 1
Function
Recreation and Cultural Services
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 3.3
26
1976 1977
12/9_
-
_ -
-
-39-
4. Capital Expenditures
A. Total Expenditure
Total capital expenditure, including utility services, was $29.1 million in 1979, representing an increase of 23.1% over 1978 and an average annual increase of 19.6% over the period 1974-1979. Utility Services accounted for $119.3 million or 41.0% of this total, while Municipal Services accounted for the remaining 59.0% or $171.8 million. While total capital expenditures for utility services declined by 1.4% in 1979 compared to 1978, total capital expenditures for municipal services increased by 48.7%.
Among the Municipal Service function, Transportation Services had the largest capital expenditure with a total of $65.0 million in 1979.
Environmental Development Services was next with $63.6
million, while all the other functional areas accounted for the remaining amount of $43.2 million (Table I - 4.1).
B. Per Capita Expenditure
Total capital expenditure per capita increased by 19.6% to $592 in 1979. For Utility Services, per capita expenditure was $243 while the amount was $349 for all Municipal Services combined. Among the functional areas, a significant increase was noted in Environmental Development Services where per capita expenditure rose from $35 in 1978 to $129 in 1979 (Table I - 4.2).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-40TABLE I - 4.1 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION 1974 - 1979 ($ Thousands) Function
12/1
1475
1977
1976
1979
1211
General Government Services
1,356
3,749
3,399
5,607
7,713
8,335
Protective Services
1,564
1,285
1,479
1,067
1,196
1,872
(1) Transportation Services
22,643
48,657
54,401
66,821
56,436
64,965
Environmental Health Services
14,141
18,995
21,964
25,180
18,839
22,834
109
60
140
0
0
Public Health and Social Services
64
Environmental Development Services
7,423
12,725
20,220
23,363
16,940
63,567
Recreation and (2) Cultural Services
7.812
13.670
22,340
31,19)4
14.434
10.217
55,003
99,190
123,863
153,372
115,558
171,790
75,444
109.200
111.993
113,618
121,008
119.312
130,447 208,390
235,856
266,990
236,566
291,102
3.072
6.249
7.794
16.991
19.779
18.055
127,375
202.141
228.122
249 L999
TOTAL MUNICIPAL SERVICES (1) Utility Services TOTAL LESS: Private Developer Financed
216,787 279,047
SOURCE: Compiled from Edmonton Finance Department Annual Report, and Financial Statements and Reports NOTES:
(1) Edmonton Transit is included in the transportation services. (2) Includes Commonwealth Games and Capital City Park Expenditures.
-41-
TABLE I - 4.2 PER CAPITA CAPITAL EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION 1974 - 1979 (s) Function
1974
1975
1977
1978
1979
General Government Services
3
8
7
12
16
17
Protective Services
1
4
3
3
2
3
4
Transportation Services
51
108
118
142
118
132
Environmental Health Services
32
42
48
53
39
46
Public Health and Social Services
0
0
0
0
0
0
Environmental Development Services
17
28
44
50
35
129
.__Ja '
n
J18
66
_311
_11
124
219
268
325
242
349
"La
242
2La
241
25'i
_ 2/:_3.
293
461
511
566
495
592
_....i.
4 J.L
_L/ I.
3
JLL
_al.
/191_4
5"i0
15_4. 1
555
Recreation and Cultural Services TOTAL MUNICIPAL SERVICES Utility Services TOTAL Less: Private Developer Financed
2_86_
SOURCE: Computed from Table I - 4.1
1976
_
_
_
-
-42-
II. LAND RESOURCES
1. Land Use
Through annexation the City of Edmonton has more than doubled its size from 57.63 square miles in 1961 to 123.45 square miles in 1979. The largest recorded annexation to date was one of 15,072 acres, which occurred in 1971, encompassing Mill Woods and Castledowns.
No
annexations have occurred since 1976 (Table II - 1.1).
There are a variety of categories of land use within the City. Unfortunately, detailed information on all categories is still not yet available.
There is, however, limited data on the categories of
industrial land, parkland and school land.
A. Industrial Land
As of December 31, 1979, 5,435.6 net acres of industrial land were vacant in Edmonton. A greater portion of this, equalling 3,767.7 net acres of 69.3% of total, was zoned AG-MR1. The remainder was zoned as follows: 688.0 net acres or 12.7% under M-1, 746.0 net acres or 13.7% under M-2 and 233.9 net acres or 4.3% under M-3 (Table II - 1.2).
By state of service, 34.6% or 1,881.1 net acres were either fully or partly serviced while 65.4% or 3,554.4 net acres were unserviced (Table II - 1.3).
--
-
__
-
-43-
B. Parkland
At December 31, 1979, Edmonton had 8,660.2 acres of parkland and 4,489.1 acres of other open space for a total of 13,149.3 acres. The greatest percentage was accounted for by river valley and ravine parkland with 5,430 acres or 41.3% of the total. The second and third largest components were public school board land and neighbourhood parks with 2,142.4 acres or 16.3% of the total and 1,514.2 acres or 11.5% of the total, respectively. By recreation district, the West, Southeast and Southwest districts each had about 25% of total parkland and open space. The North and Central districts' share were 17% and 8%, respectively (Table II - 1.4).
C. School Land
Due to declining school enrollments, the utilization rate of school buildings, as defined by the actual number of students as a percentage of operational capacity was lower in the 1978-1979 school year compared to the 1977-1978 school year.
During the
school year 1977-1978, 77.7% of the total capacity in the Public School System and 82.2% of the total capacity in the Separate School System was used.
For the school year 1978-1979 the
utilization rate of the Separate School System declined to 80.9% (Table II - 1.5).
.-
.
-44-
TABLE II - 1.1
CITY AREA AND ANNEXATION. 1961 - 1979
Equivalent Total Sq. Miles (1)
Equivalent Total Sq. Kilometers (2)
Annexed Acreage
Total Acreage
Base
36,883
57.63
149.20
7,050
43,933
68.64
177.71
10,830
54,763
85.57
221.54
36
54,799
85.62
221.67
Date
Annexed Area
1961 01 01
City of Edmonton
1961 12 31
Beverly, North-East
1964 08 17
Jasper Place and South-East
1967 06 01
N.E. Power Plant
1969 01 01
West Jasper Place
1,300
56,099
87.62
226.85
1970 01 01
West Jasper Place
80
56,179
87.75
227.18
1971 01 01
Millwoods and Castle Downs
15,072
71,251
111.32
288.21
1972 01 01
West Jasper Place
6,444
77,695
121.39
314.28
1974 01 01
Kaskitayo
778
78,473
122.61
317.44
1976 01 01
N.W. Industrial
537
79,010
123.45
319.60
SOURCE: Edmonton Planning Department (1) 1 square mile = 640 acres (2) 1 square mile = 2.589 square kilometers
-
_
-45-
TABLE II - 1.2 VACANT INDUSTRIAL LAND BY ZONING* AT DECEMBER '31. 1979 Zoning
Area (net acres)
% of Total
M-1 (1)
688.03
12.7
M-2 (1)
745.99 233.89
13.7
AG-MR1 (2)
'3.767.65
69..3
TOTAL
5.435.56
100.0
M-3 (1)
4.3
SOURCE: "Status of Industrial Land in the City of Edmonton as of December '31. 1979", Edmonton Planning Department (1) Land industrially zoned M-1, M-2, or M-3, subject to defined performance standards have as permitted uses: (a) Warehousing, Storage, Receiving, Distribution, Trans-shipment of raw materials and processed or manufactured products (including parts and components) (b) Manufacturing (c) Servicing and repairing establishments (d) Such commercial, recreational and municipal buildings and uses as, in the opinion of the Development Officer, are unlikely to have restrictive effects upon this district and are compatible with industrial uses. (e) Any use or building accessory to the foregoing uses. Industrial land zoned M-2 and M-3 have the following additional permitted use: (f) Day nurseries, kindergartens, nursery schools and play school, at the discretion of the Development Officer. Lands zoned M-1, M-2, or M-3 essentially differ by their respective performance standards such as height, floor area ratio and so forth. For a definitive description lands designated M-1, M-2, or M-3 refer to Sections 28 - 30 in the City of Edmonton Zoning Bylaw. (2) The general purpose of land designated AG-MR1 is to reserve and protect land for the estimated needs of industrial expansion and other related uses, having regard to the orderly and economical provision of land, utilities and other services. For a more definitive description of each designated AG-MR1, its permitted uses and regulations refer to Section 16-C-A in the City of Edmonton Zoning Bylaw. * The zoning categories in this Table may no longer apply after 1979 due to the new Zoning Bylaw which came into effect in 1980.
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_
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-46-
TABLE II - 1.9 VACANT INDUSTRIAL LAND BY STATE OF SERVICE AT DECEMBER 91. 1979
State of Service
1
Area (net acres)
% of Total
Fully and Partly Serviced
1,881.12
34.6
Unserviced
9.554.44
65.,1 1
TOTAL
5.495.56
SOURCE(s): 1
100.0
"Status of Industrial Land in the City of Edmonton as of December 91, 1979", Edmonton Planning Department.
Access to water, storm and sanitary sewers and first year (gravel) roads.
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TABLE II - 1.4 PARKLAND AND OTHER OPEN SPACE INVENTORY BY RECREATION DISTRICT AT DECEMBER 31 1979
(Acres)
PARKLAND Industrial Parks & Sports Fields River Valley & Ravine Parkland District Parks & Athletic Grounds Neighbourhood Parks - Playgrounds & Tot Lots 5. Ornamental Parks I. 2. 3. 4.
Total Parkland
Central
North
West
SouthEast
SouthWest Total
% of Grand Total
---
---
534.54 145.37
779.51 150.54
173.96 910.97 283.00
238.99 1,020.09 279.11
59.34 2,184.85 150.71
472.29 5,429.96 1,008.73
3.59 41.29 7.67
63.63
379.31 32.51
450.04 92.24
371.54 47.37
249.67
2_4,3?
38.16
1,514.19 235 00
11.52 1.79
768.26
1,341.87
1,910.21
1,957.10
2,682.73
8,660.17
65.86%
73.32
93.30
230.00 62.61 639.84 323.11
n. .:118 555.66 250.09
17451:
116.68 65.98 5 46
76.73 123.42 9.79
---
6.34
7.20 18.60
276.02
851.98
1,443.68
1,176.11
741.36
4,489.15
1.044.28
7 193.85
3 351 89
1111.21
3.424.09
13 149 32
OTHER OPEN SPACE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Developed Roadway Landscaping Developed Walkways Public School Board Land Separate School Board Land Park Buildings, Service Areas & Cemeteries 6. Industrial Reserve Land 7. Unclassified Land Total Other Open Space GRAND TOTAL
___
80.84 35.21
46 0:g? 186.07
80.31
---
-_-
SOURCE; Edmonton Parks and Recreation Department
1721:777
20.87 4.44
08
667.93 207.76 2,141.37 936.27
17 6. 7.12
294.59 196.60 44 63
2.24 1.50 0.34 34.14 10Q.001
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-48TABLE II - 1.5 SCHOOL LAND INVENTORY AND SPACE UTILIZATION A.
(1) SEPARATE SCHOOL SYSTEM Utilization(c) Rate (%)
School Type
Number of Schools
Elementary Junior High Combined Senior High Special
38 14 33 8 3
201.72 26.28 145.29 80.9
12,475 2,840 18,040 -9,570
9,975 2,225 14,650 -7,747
7,972 1,355 11,871 6,754 46
79.9 60.9 81.0 87.2
TOTAL
86
453.50
42,925
34,597
27,998
80.9
Fixed ( b) Capacity
Acres
B. Elementary Junior High Combined Senior High Special
102 23 21 12 2
TOTAL
160
(d) 723.31 217.19 110.62 186.23(d) 14.82 1,252.17
Operatioptal a.) Capacity
Actual No. of Pupils
PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM(2) 43,495 16,455 13,330 21,691 1,175
39,617 16,004 12,558 18,940 730
29,344 12,332 8,580 17,417 620
74.07 77.06 68.32 91.96 84.93
96,146
87,849
68,293
77.74
C. OTHERS, 1979-80 Enrollment Number of Institutions Private Schools(3)
Full-Time
Part-Time
19
2,730
511
(4)(e) N.A.I.T.
1
4,714
21,000
Grant MacEwan(5)
1
2,000
4,000
(6)(f) University of Alberta
1
18,117
3,245
Short Courses Apprentices
10,155
Source(s): (1) Separate School Board, as of May 31, 1979 (2) Public School Board, as of May 31, 1978 (3) Alberta Department of Education, Special Education Services (4) N.A.I.T., Research and Academic Development (5) Grant MacEwan, Registrar Office (6) University of Alberta, Registrar Office Notes:
(a) Defined by the School systems as a 25-capacity station per teacher. (b) This is an Alberta Government calculated figure which implies 100% occupancy of every space in a school. (c) Defined as the actual number of students as a percentage of the operational capacity. (d) Includes school sites with no buildings and schools not now used for public elementary student accommodation. (e) Preliminary estimates (f) Winter Session only - Spring Session - 3,968; Summer Session - 3,060
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-49-
2. Land Development
In 1979, the City serviced land for a total of 11,246 dwelling units, of which 5,031 or 44.7% were single-family and 6,215 or 55.3% were multiple-family units. These figures represented a 29.5% rise from the total land units serviced in 1978 and an increase of 62.2% over 1975.
The total net acres of industrial land serviced by the City fluctuated from year to year during the period 1975 to 1979. A rapid increase of 46.2% to 514.8 net acres was registered in 1979 in what appears to be the upswing of the trend (Table II - 2.1).
Of the total 102,398 estimated dwelling units at capacity in outline plan areas, 62.5% or 64.046 have been serviced as of December 31, 1979. In terms of total capacity, Mill Woods is the largest of all outline plan areas with a total of 30,691 dwelling units. West Jasper Place comes next with 19,801 and Castledowns (excluding the Lake District) is third with 11,857 dwelling units.
Nearest to full capacity is
Hermitage with only 5.9% of its total dwelling units left unserviced (Table II - 2.2).
The total vacant serviced residential land in Edmonton has been increasing at a rapid rate since 1976. In 1979, the total vacant lot units was 20,196 up by 39.2% from 1978. Of these, 12,770 or 63.2% were designated multiple-family while 7,426 or 36.8% were single-family.
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-
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-50-
The total net acres of serviced industrial land that were vacant in 1979 rose to 1,881 net acres from 1,656 net acres in 1978 and 1,403 net acres in 1976. This represented an average increase of 16.5% per year (Table II - 2.3).
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TABLE II - 2.1 LAND SERVICING. 1974 - 1979
Single Family % of Total Units
Residential Multiple Family % of Total Dwelling Units 1
Industrial (Net Acres) Total 1
170.0
58.2
5,291
3,240
46.7
6,932
453.0
37.0
5,511
63.0
8,747
336.0
5,139
43.7
6,629
56.3
11,768
579.1
1978
3,814
43.9
4,868
56.1
8,682
352.0
1979
5,031
44.7
6,215
55.3
11,246
514.8
1974
2,2101
41.8
3,081
1975
3,692
53.3
1976
3,236
1977
SOURCE: 1
Edmonton Planning Department
For the period January 31 to December 31, 1974
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TABLE II - 2.2 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT, SERVICING & CAPACITY IN OUTLINE PLAN AREAS
OUTLINE PLAN AREA
Castle Downs (Excluding the Lake District)
ESTIMATED DWELLING UNITS PER OUTLINE PLAN AREA AT CAPACITY
UNITS SERVICED UP TO DECEMBER 31, 1979
PROJECTED UNITS REMAINING AFTER DECEMBER 31, 1979
SF
SF
SF
MF
MF
MF
5,900/5,957
5,782/3,775
11 8/2,182
874/3,194
203/1,054
671/2,140
Clareview
3,595/5,965
2,249/3,258
1,346/2,707
Hermitage
1,042/2,923
896/2,834
Kaskitayo
3,013/7,278
2,793/4,534
Riverbend (Within City Limits)
1,344/2,015
1,319/1,531
Riverbend II (Neighbourhoods 3 to 9)
5,672/3,134
West Jasper Place (Including Extension)
9,458/1 0,343
4,473/8,779
4,985/1,564
Mill Woods
14,681/16,010
11,518/9,048
3,163/6,962
TOTAL (Including Extension)
45,579/56,819
29,233/34,813
16,346/22,006
Casselman Steele Heights
SOURCE(s): Edmonton Planning Department NOTE:
SF = Single-Family Units MF = Multiple-Family Units
N/A
146/89 220/2,744
25/484
5,672/3,134
j
-53-
TABLE II - 2.'3 VACANT SERVICED LAND AT YEAR-END BY USE 1974-1979 Residential Land (Potential Dwelling Units) Total Single-Family Multiple-Family
Industrial Land (Net Acres)
1974
2,187
6,758
8,945
644.0
1975
2,230
7,210
9,440
966.1
1976
2,759
7,050
9,809
1,402.6
1977
4,953
6,755
11,708
1,695.1
1978
5,070
9,441
14,511
1,655.7
1979
7,426
12,770
20,196
1,881.1
SOURCE: 1
1
Edmonton Planning Department
Also includes vacant partly serviced land. Figures for 1976 to 1979 must not be compared with those of previous years. A revised methodology has significantly altered the data base.
-54III. MANPOWER RESOURCES
Any rapidly developing City like Edmonton requires a Civic Administration responsive to the changing and growing needs of its citizens. Edmonton's efforts to fulfill these needs are evidenced mainly by the expansion of its civic workforce. Also, our study period (197)4-1979) has seen changes in the structure of the Administration done with the goal of increasing efficiency in the delivery of services to the citizens.
1. Number of Civic Employees
The total number of permanent civic employees in 1979 was 10,941. This represents an increase of 3.5% over 1978 and an increase of 38.6% over the 1974 figure. The average annual rate of increase during the period 1974-1979 was 6.8%.
Permanent civic employees engaged in municipal services departments totalled 5,663 in 1979, up by 4.0% over the previous year.
In the
period 1974-1979 the average annual rate of increase was 6.5%.
The number of permanent civic employees in utility service departments has increased at a slower pace during the last two years compared to earlier years. In 1979, total employees numbered 5,278 representing an increase of 2.9% over 1978. The average annual increase for 1974-1979 was 7.1% (Table III - 1.1).
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-55-
While the number of permanent employees has consistently shown a steady upward trend, the number of temporary employees has been fluctuating over the years. In 1979, the total number of temporary employees was 1,865, up by 10.6% from 1978.
However, total temporary employees
declined during the period 1974-1979 at an average annual rate of 2.1%.
The number of temporary civic employees in municipal services departments was 1,196 in 1979 representing an increase of 8.0% over 1978. For the period 1974-1979 there was a general decline averaging 3.0% annually.
The fluctuation in the number of temporary civic employees is even more pronounced in the utility services departments. The total number of temporary employees for these departments in 1979 was 669, up by 15.3% from 1978.
In spite of a general trend to increase at an average
annual rate of 1.2% over the period 1974-1979, the total number of temporary employees engaged in utility service departments in 1979 is equal to that of 1974 (Table III - 1.2).
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— 56 — TABLE III - 1.1 NUMBER OF PERMANENT EMPLOYEES OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON BY DEPARTMENT (1) 1974 - 1979
DEPARTMENT
1974
1975
(Dec.21)
(Dec.20)
1979 1978 1977(3) (Dec.30) (Dec.29) (Dec.31) (Dec.18) 1976
Municipal Departments 97 92 Assessment * * Auditor General 10 12 Business Development 19 14 Budget and Research a * Bylaw Enforcement * * Central Supply & Services 13 13 City Clerk 29 24 Commissioners 510 464 Engineering (4) * * Executive Services 113 104 Finance 754 699 Fire 216 205 Health 28 22 Law (2) 223 201 Library 119 115 Management Services Management Studies, * * Systems & Budget 206 179 Mobile Equipment 496 457 Parks & Recreation 60 58 Personnel 161 139 Planning 1,018 936 Police 10 6 Public Relations 291 237 Real Estate and Housing 11 Realty Development 9 130 133 Social Services 2 2 Civil Defence a Mill Woods _IL
73 * 10 20 a * 12 28 530 * 151 773 209 31 223 127 *
78 8 13 * 136 675 * * 513 49 116 790 226 29 240 *
85 11 17 * 149 745 * * 539 53 129 838 240 27 232 *
85 12 15 * 174 777 * * 528 58 134 877 247 33 223 *
15
21
22
229 587 63 176 1,063 11 319 12 132 a
* 631 72 208 1,088 12 105 * 136 *
* 654 79 215 1,138 19 106 * 148 *
* 680 83 195 1,215 21 130 * 154 *
a
a
a
-a
4018
4,516_
4.779
9.140
5.449
5.661
8.2
9.1
5.8
7.6
5.9
4.0
Municipal Airport Power Telephones Edmonton Transit Utilities Services Water & Sanitation
27 661 1,189 812 174 892
35 704 1,371 991 162 1.023
32 715 1,463 1,161 179 1.014
33 764 1,571 1,395 173 1.079
34 784 1,555 1,450 181 1 124
34 813 1,633 1,497 192 1.109
Total
1 795
4.286
4.584
9.019
9.128
5 278
11.5
14.1
7.0
9.4
2.3
2.9
Total Permanent Employees, All Departments 7,891
8,802
2363
10,155
10.571
10.941
11.5
6.4
8.5
4.1
3.5
Total % Increase Utility Departments
% Increase
% Change
9.7
SOURCE: Edmonton Personnel Department NOTES: (1) Figures shown are the numbers of positions filled as of the last payroll of the year. (2) Estimated (3) A major reorganization took place during 1877 resulting in a significant change in the number of employees in some departments. (4) Includes the Corporate Policy Planning Office, Commissioners' Office, City Clerks Office and the Mayor's Office. Department did not exist at last payroll of the year.
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- 57 TABLE III - 1.2 NUMBER OF TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON (1) .13Y DEPARTMENT 1974 - 1979
DEPARTMENT
1976
1977(3)
1978
1979
1974
1975
(Dec.21)
(Dec.20)
(Dec.18) (Dec.31) (Dec.30) (Dec.29)
Municipal Departments Assessment 3 * Auditor General 4 Business Development 2 Budget and Research * Bylaw Enforcement Central Supply & Services * 12 City Clerk Commissioners 3 134 Engineering (4) * Executive Services 7 Finance 0 Fire 10 Health Law 2(2) 44 Library 16 Management Services Management Studies, * Systems & Budget Mobile Equipment 26 1,063 Parks & Recreation 44 Personnel Planning 7 Police 7 0 Public Relations Real Estate & Housing 33 0 Realty Development 18 Social Services 0 Civil Defence Mill Woods ____
2 * 13 0 * * 11 3 146 * 16 0 20 2 54 14
1 * 10 0 * * 12 2 126 * 16 1 15 1 60 10
4 0 6 * 8 80 * * 125 15 23 11 22 0 58 *
7 0 5 * 5 80 * * 77 18 14 3 14 2 79 *
2 0 5 * 10 68 * * 119 15 14 1 14 0 104
* 30 1,009 38 6 7 0 41 0 34 0 *
* 22 743 67 11 8 0 35 0 32 * *
3 * 670 56 9 10 1 7 * 38 * *
1 * 673 58 7 12 0 13 * 23 * *
3 * 652 63 6 50 0 6 * 34 * *
Total
1.428
1.446
L1J.2
1,146
1,107
1.196
9.2
1.3
-18.9
-2.2
-3.4
8.0
Municipal Airport Power Telephones Edmonton Transit Utilities Services Water & Sanitation
4 61 135 25 27 417
3 65 114 33 29 101
4 76 96 39 16 199
4 94 116 41 27 409
4 130 115 78 27 226
4 70 107 96 14 178
Total
669
547
610
691
580
669
% Increase
1.8
-18.2
15.2
9.7
-16.1
15.3
Total Temporary Employees, All Departments 2.097
1.991
1.802
1,817
1.687
1.865
-5.0
-9.6
1.9
-8.2
10.6
% Increase Utility Departments
% Change
6.7
SOURCE: Edmonton Personnel Department NOTES:
(1) Figures shown are the numbers of positions filled as of the last payroll of the year. (2) Estimated (3) A major reorganization took place during 1977 resulting in a significant change in the number of employees in some departments. (4) Includes the Corporate Policy Planning Office, Commissioners' Office, City Clerk's Office and the Mayor's Office.
_ _
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-58-
2. Total Man Years
As a result of an improved method for determining total man years, as well as an actual increase in the aggregate manpower strength of the City, the total number of man years for all departments rose to 13,267 in 1979, representing an increase of 11.8% over 1978 and an increase of 47.8% over 1974. The average annual rate of increase during 1974-1979 was 8.2%.
Both municipal and utilities groups contributed to this
upward trend. Municipal service departments increased by 10.4% to 9,020 man years in 1979 while utility service departments increased by 15.0% to 4,166 man years in the same year. The average yearly rate of increase for both municipal and utility service departments during the period 1974-1979 was 8.2% (Table III - 2.1).
The percentage of total man years attributed to permanent employees, as opposed to temporary employees, has steadily increased from 82.0% in 1974 to 87.3% in 1979. A look at the percentage distribution of man years between municipal and utility service departments reveals it to be consistent over the study period with 68.6% of total man years being attributed to municipal services employees in 1979 (Table III - 2.2).
Manpower strength by function shows that Utility Services accounted for the largest share in 1979 equivalent to 4,166 man years or 31.4% of the total.
Transportation Services ranked second at 2,437 man years
(18.4%) while Protective Services and Recreation and Cultural Services ranked third and fourth at 2,230 and 1,500 man years respectively (Tables III - 2.3 and III - 2.4).
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-59 -
As evidenced by Tables III - 2.5 and III - 2.6, the total manpower strength of the City has been increasing at a faster rate than the City's total population. In 1979, total man years per 1,000 population was 27.0 compared to 20.1 in 1974, representing an average annual increase of 6.1%.
Among the functional areas, Utility Services
experienced the highest increase in man years per 1,000 population with 8.5 in 1979 up from 6.3 in 1974. Transportation Services was second with 4.9 man years in 1979 compared to 3.3 in 1974.
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___
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- 60 TABLE III - 2.1 MANPOWER STRENGTH OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON (1) BY GROUP . 1974 - 1979
1911 Municipal(2) Number - Permanent Temporary Total Man Years(3) % Increase Utilities Number - Permanent - Temporary Total Man Years(3) % Increase (4) TOTAL Number - Permanent - Temporary Total % Increase Man Years(3) % Increase
12/1
1976
1977
1978 ..
1979
4,944 2,065 7.009
5,450 1,905 7,155
5,964 1,670 7,614
6,464 1,74R 8.207
7,193 1.650 8,843
7,420 1.600 9.020
6,150
6,609
7,002
7,607
8,246
9,101
7.6
7.5
5.9
8.6
8.4
10.4
2,420 407 2,827
2,654 R96 1.050
2,880
_162 R.242
3,048 408 1,456
3,166 456 1,622
3,319 425 1,744
2,827
1,050
1,242
1,456
1.622
4,166
8.5
7.9
6.3
6.6
4.8
15.0
7,364 2,472 9,816
8,104 2,101 10.405
8,844 2,012 10,876
9,512 2,151 11,66R
10,363 2.102 12,465
10,739 2,025 12,764
9.8
5.8
4.5
7.2
6.9
2.4
8,977 7.9
9,659 7.6
10,244 6.1
11,063 8.0
11,868
13,267 11.8
7.3
SOURCE: Compiled from data provided by Edmonton Personnel Department. NOTES:
(1) Figures shown are bi-weekly averages of the numbers of positions filled. (2) Including Edmonton Transit, Storm Sewers and Solid Waste. (3) a) For the years 1974 to 1978 and for all departments except Edmonton Parks and Recreation one man year is defined as a person working 260 days a year and 8 hours a day. b)For Edmonton Parks and Recreation, because of the peak seasonabililty of employment and because of the limited hours worked per day by some temporary employees,3 temporary positions filled in Parks and Recreation Department are counted as one man year. c)For 1979, man-years are calculated through a new computer program based on actual paid mandays and manhours including overtime. The total number is the bi-weekly average of the year and excludes the Local Board of Health. This number therefore does not correspond exactly with those in Tables III - 1.1 and III 1.2.
TABLE III - 2.2 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON MAN YEARS BY GROUP 1974 - 1979 (Per Cent)
isa
1975 1976
lin laza laza 87.3
87.3
12.7
12.7
100.0,
100.0
100.0
68.4
68.8
69.5
68.6
31.6
31.6
...31,2
30.5
31.4
EI0L,2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Permanent
82.0
83.9
86.3
Temporary
18.0
_ILI
13.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
Municipal
68.5
68.4
Utilities
31.5 100.0
TOTAL
TOTAL
SOURCE: Computed from Table III - 2.1
86.0
li_b_g_
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-
_
-
-62-
TABLE III - 2.R MANPOWER STRENGTH OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON BY FUNCTION 1974 - 1979 Function General Government Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
12/1
1975
1976
12/7
laza
12/2
740 167 907
846 162 1,008
916 165 1,081
995 180 1,175
1,113 194 1,307
1,213 166 1,439
Protective Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
1,661 12 1,673
1,751 10 1,761
1,863 8 1,871
1,886 27 1,913
2,027 27 2,044
2,220 29 2,230
Transportation Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
1,243 216 1,459
1,384 247 1,631
1,625 220 1,845
1,861 245 2,106
2,060 239 2,299
2,077 266 2,437
Environmental Health Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
389 288 677
446 258 704
470 215 685
475 273 748
494 142 636
522 140 914
Public Health and Social Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
163 25 188
166 30 196
168 32 200
169 31 200
389 70 459
191 50 230
Environmental Development Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
169 25 194
175 28 203
183 24 207
269 27 296
265 20 282
315 30 351
Recreation and Cultural Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
579 1,332 1,052
682 1,170 1,106
739 1,006 1,113
809 960 1,169
848 955 1,206
882 919 1,500
Utility Services Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
2,420 407 2.827
2,654 396 R,050
2,880 362 R,242
3,048 408 R,456
3,169 455 R.622
3,319 425 11,166
TOTAL Number - Permanent - Temporary Man Years
7,364 2,472 8,977
8,104 2,301 9.659
8,844 3,032 10.2)411
9,512 2,151 11.06R
10,363 2,102 11.868
10,739 2,025 1R.267
SOURCE(s): Compiled from data provided by Personnel Department. NOTE: Figures shown are bi-weekly averages of the number of positions filled.
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--
-
TABLE III - 2.4 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON MAN YEARS BY FUNCTION 1974 - 1979 Function
1974
1975
1976
191/
1918
1979
General Government Services
10.1
10.4
10.6
10.6
11.0
10.8
Protective Services
18.6
18.2
18.3
17.3
17.2
16.8
Transportation Services
16.3
16.9
18.0
19.0
19.4
18.4
Environmental Health Services
7.5
7.3
6.7
6.8
5.4
6.9
Public Health and Social Services
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.8
3.9
1.7
Environmental Development Services
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.7
2.4
2.6
Recreation and Cultural Services
11.7
11.5
10.9
10.6
10.2
11.3
Utility Services
91.5
"1.6
1.6
31.2
30.5
91.4
TOTAL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
SOURCE
: Computed from Table III - 2.3
100.0 100.0
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-
_
_
TABLE III - 2.5 THE CITY OF EDMONTON MAN YEARS PER 1,000 POPULATION, 1974 - 1979
1976
1979 .
1211
1975
Permanent
16.5
17.9
19.2
20.2
Temporary
_...3,..6
3.5
3.0
3.2
.3.„1_
3.4
20.1
21,4_
22.2
23.4
24.8
21,1
Municipal
13.8
14.6
Utilities
6_23_
TOTAL
TOTAL
% Increase
lan
1218 21.7
17.2
23.6
15.2
16.1
6.8
7.0
7.3
_/,i
8.5
20.1
21.4
22.2
23,14
24.8
2./....0
6.9
6.5
3.7
5.4
6.0
8.9
SOURCE: Computed from Table III - 2.1
18.5
TABLE III - 2.6 THE CITY OF EDMONTON MAN-YEARS PER 1,000 POPULATION BY FUNCTION, 1974 - 1979
1974
laa
1976
1977
laa
la/i
General Government Services
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
Protective Services
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.5
Transportation Services
3.3
3.6
4.0
4.5
4.8
4.9
Environmental Health Services
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.6
Public Health and Social Services
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
1.0
0.5
Environmental Development Services
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.7
Recreation and Cultural Services
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
3.1
_Ea
6.8
_/,0,
7.
_La
8.5
20.1
21.4
22.2
23,1
24.8
2/..0
FUNCTION
Utility Services TOTAL
SOURCE:
Computed from Table III - 2.3
1.3
1.9
_
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_
- 66-
3. Labour Costs
In 1979, the total City cost for employee wages and benefits was $269.7 million.
This was 14.8% higher than that of the previous year and
121.2% higher than the total cost in 1974. Wages and salaries in 1979 amounted to $244.0 million or 90.5% of the total, while employee benefits accounted for the remaining 9.5% or $25.7 million.
The
average annual rate of increase of total labour costs for the period 1974-1979 was 17.3%. This rate is a result of both expansion of the civic workforce and higher wage, salary and benefit settlements with employees especially in the earlier years (Table III - 3.1).
The average labour cost per man year for all departments was $20,329 for 1979, representing a 2.7% increase over 1978 and an increase of 49.6% over 1974. This amount can be broken down into average salary per man year equal to $18,391 and average cost of benefits per man year amounting to $1,939. One point of interest is the continuous decline in the rate of increase of average salaries for all departments during our study period. One possible explanation is the adherence of the City to wage and price controls in effect during 1975-1978 (Table III 3.2).
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TABLE III - 9.1 TOTAL LABOR COST OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON 1974 - 1979 ($ Thousands)
1974 Wage and Salaries (1) Municipal Utilities Total Salaries
Employee Benefits (1) Municipal Utilities Total Benefits
Total Labor Cost (1) Municipal Utilities TOTAL COST
1979
1976
1977
19/13.
1979
77,547
92,554
109,981
128,666
147,659
168,124
95.110
49.907
52.079
60,014
65.702
75.866
112.657
196.461
162.060
188.680
219,961
241.990
6,383
8,789
10,734
13,311
14,929
2.909
4,197
5.064
6,571
6.680
17,958 /,752.
9.292
12.926
15.798
19.882
21,609
25.710
83,930
101,343
120,715
141,977
162,588
186,082
98,019
48.044
47,143
66,585
72.982
89.618
121,949
149.987
177,858
208,562
214,970
269.700
SOURCE: Edmonton Finance Department, Financial Statements and Reports. (1) NOTE: Municipal includes Edmonton Transit, Mill Woods project, Storm Sewers and Solid Waste, but excludes the Local Board of Health.
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TABLE III - 1.2 AVERAGE LABOR COST PER MAN YEAR OF THE CITY OF EDMONTON 1974 - 1979 ($)
1974
1975
1976
1211
1911
1979 .
12,609 12,420 12,550 18.5
14,004 14,396 14,128 12.6
15,707 16,064 15,820 12.0
16,914 17,365 17,055 7.8
17,907 18,140 17,978 5.4
18,473 18,211 18,391 2.3
1,038 1,029 1,035 11.9
1,330 1,356 1,338 29.3
1,533 1,562 1,542 _11.1
1,750 1,901 1,797 16.5
1,810 1,844 1,821 1.1
1,973 1,861 1,938 6,)4
13,647 13,449 13,585 18.2
15,334 15,752 15,466 11.8
17,240 17,626 17,362 12.1
18,664 19,266 18,852 8.6
19,717 19,984 19,799 5.0
20,446 20,072 20,329 2.7
Wages and Salaries Municipal Utilities Average Salaries % Increase
Employee Benefits Municipal Utilities Average Benefits % Increase
Total Labor Cost Municipal Utilities Average Cost % Increase
SOURCE: Computed from Tables III - 2.1 and III - 3.1
(
- 69 IV. UTILITIES
1. Telephones
The City's Telephone System, 'edmonton telephones', makes up the largest municipally owned telephone company in Canada. In 1979, there were a total of 436,687 telephones and 277,282 lines in operation in the City. Of the total telephones, 274,836 or 62.9% were residential while 161,851 or 39.1% were business. Over the period 1974-1979, total telephones increased at an average annual rate of 7.5%. Total lines increased at an average rate of 6.0% per annum during the same period.
The number of residential telephones in Edmonton has increased over the years faster than the population growth. Residential main stations per 1,000 population rose from 344 in 1974 to 396 in 1979 at an average annual rate of 2.9%. Residential extensions per 1,000 population rose at an even higher rate of 10.5% per annum from 99 in 1974 to 163 in 1979.
One measure of performance for a telephone company is the ratio of employees to telephones. In 1974, ledmonton telephones' had a ratio of 4.35 employees per 1,000 phones. This ratio improved further to 3.96 employees per 1,000 phones in 1979, representing a decrease of 9% over the 1974 figure. This compared favourably with other major Canadian telephone companies, the ratios of which ranged from 5.00 to 10.00 in 1979.
Total net profit per phone equalling $21.06 in 1979 did not
register a signicant change over the 1974 amount of $18.11 (Table IV 1.1).
-702. Power
The total generation capacity of Edmonton Power increased to 1,050 megawatts in 1979 when Clover Bar #4 went on stream that year. This represented a rise of 18.6% in total capacity compared to 885 megawatts in 1978.
The growth in population as well as in business and industrial activity in the City jointly contributed to the rise in peak hour demand to 696 megawatts in 1979 up from 641 megawatts in 1978 and 531 megawatts in 1974.
Total consumption of electricity also showed a continuous upward trend during the 1974-1979 period. In 1979, a total of 3,514,000 MW.h were sold in Edmonton. This was comprised of 937,000 MW.h or 26.7% sold to residential customers, 2,429,000 MW.h or 69.1% sold to business customers and the remaining 148,000 MW.h or 4.2% sold to other customers.
Total consumption increased by 7.5% from 1978 and by an
average annual rate of 6.4% over the 1974-1979 period.
On a per customer basis, no definite trend was seen in electricity consumption from year to year.
In 1979, 5,805 KW.h were sold per
residential customer and 98,225 KW.h were sold per business customer in Edmonton.
Consumption per customer were also around these same
magnitudes during the five preceding years (Table IV - 1.2).
s.
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_
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-71 3. Municipal Airport
Itinerant movements, or those in which the aircraft enters or leaves the airport tower control zone, increased steadily at the Edmonton Municipal Airport from 120,002 in 1974 to 188,711 in 1979.
On the
other hand, local movements rose from 116,776 in 1974 to a peak of 143,322 in 1976, and then showed a steady sharp decline to 12,309 movements recorded in 1979. This sharp decline in local movements at the Municipal Airport from 1977 was due to the opening of the new airport at Villeneuve. The aggregate total movements at the Municipal Airport declined at a rate of 2.3% per year from 236,778 in 1974 to 201,020 in 1979.
In terms of percentage distribution, itinerant and local movements had a 50.7%/49.3% share in 1974 compared to 93.9%/6.1% in 1979.
The total number of passengers served increased from 710,000 in 1974 to 979,000 in 1979, up by an average annual rate of 6.7%.
Per capita
ridership also increased over the 1974-1979 period. It was 1.99 rides per citizen in 1979 compared to 1.59 rides per citizen in 1974 (Table IV - 1.3).
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- 72 4. Water and Sanitation
A total of 21,070 million gallons of water were sold to all customers in 1979.
Of these, about 50% or 10,923 million gallons were sold to
business customers while about 33% or 6,663 million gallons were sold to domestic subscribers. Total water consumption in 1979 rose by 4.2% from 1979 and by an average annual rate of 3.4% since 1974.
Consumption per residential consumer remained at a stable level of around 62,000 gallons per year during 1974-1979. However, consumption per business consumer declined from 977,000 gallons in 1974 to 840,000 gallons in 1979.
The weighted average consumption per consumer
(residential or business) decreased by 1.7% per year from 1974 to 1979.
Total reservoir capacity increased to 115 million gallons in 1979 from 61 million gallons in 1974. Total treatment capacity also rose from 90 million gallons in 1975 to 125 million gallons in 1979 (Table IV 1.4).
The total amount of solid waste collected and handled by the City increased to 1,580 thousand tons in 1979, up by 7.6% from 1978 and by an average annual rate of 4.0% since 1974.
On a per capita basis 4.2 tons of solid waste was collected and handled in 1974, dropping steeply to 3.1 tons in 1975 and then rising steadily again to 4.3 tons in 1979.
^
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-73Per capita cost of sewage treatment operations in 1979 was $4.98 compared to $2.21 in 1974. The corresponding figure for total solid waste disposed was $12.03 in 1979, up from $6.57 in 1974 (Table IV 1.5).
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-74-
TABLE IV - 1.1 TELEPHONE STATISTICS. 1974-1979
1974 Residential Main Stations Residential Extensions
1925.
1976
1977
19.18
12/2
153,699 44.164
160,457 50,R84
165,947 55.807
173,277 62.751
184,127 71,108
194,623 80.21R
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL
197,863
210,841
221,754
236,028
255,235
274,836
Business Main Stations Business Extensions
32,481 74.R56
39,139 79.259
46,494 81.145
51,219 86.712
55,197 94,707
60,805 101.046
106,837
118,398
127,639
137,931
149,904
161,851
0R ,700
R29,29
R49,R93
R79,959
405.1R9
4R6,687
8.1
8.4
6.1
7.0
8.3
7.8
207,917
217,606
231,230
244,791
260,092
277,282
N.A.
4.7
6.3
5.9
6.3
6.6
344
354
359
368
385
396
99 4.35 107.82 125.93
111 4.51 124.77 131.61
121 4.54 150.17 164.79
133 4.54 173.81 189.53
149 4.08 186.16 207.58
163 3.96 203.58 224.64
TOTAL BUSINESS
TOTAL TELEPHONES % Increase TOTAL LINES % Increase Residential Main/1,000 Population Residential Ext./1,000 Population Employees/1,000 Phones Total Costs/Phone ($) Total Revenue/Phone ($)
SOURCE(s): 'edmonton telephones', Annual Report and Statistics and Procedures Reports.
-75 -
TABLE IV - 1.2 EDMONTON POWER STATISTICS. 1974-1979
1911
1975
1976
1911
1911
1912
Generation Capacity (megawatts)
735
735
735
885*
885
1,050*
Peak Hour Demand (megawatts)
531
573
580
621
641
696
702 1,743 132
744 1,882 137
770 2,001 148
795 2,042 15.0
888 2,229 151
937 2,429 148
2,577
2.76'9.
2,919
2.987
3.268
3.514
N.A.
7.2
5.6
2.3
9.4
7.5
5,478 N.A.
5,667 3.5
5,653 -0.2
5,581 -1.3
5,863 5.1
5,805 -1.0
99,796 N.A.
102,379 2.6
MW.h Sold in Edmonton: (000's) Residential Business** Others TOTAL % Increase KW.h Per Residential Customer % Increase KW.h Per Business Customer % Increase
104,392 99,000 93,463 98,225 -5.2 -5.6 5.1 2.0
SOURCES: Edmonton Power, Annual Report Edmonton Power, Generation Statistics Clover Bar Unit #3 went on stream in 1977 and Clover Bar #4 went on stream in 1979. ** Includes general service, primary and wholesale. MW.h stands for megawatt hour.
- 76 -
TABLE IV - 1.3
EDMONTON MUNICIPAL AIRPORT - TOTAL MOVEMENTS AND PASSENGERS 1974 - 1979 1974
1975
1976
1977
Itinerant
120,002 (4)
130,059 (4)
136,545 (4)
164,271 (3)
168,570 (4)
188,711 (3)
Local
116,776 (8)
135,509 (8)
143,322 (6)
48,789 (27)
24,923 (41)
12,309 (50)
TOTAL
236,778 (4)
265,568 (3)
279,867 (4)
213,060 (8)
193,493 (11)
201,020
710
713
749
813
874
979
1.59
1.58
1.62
1.72
1.83
1.99
1978
1979
AIRPORT MOVEMENTS
( 11)
PASSENGERS Total (000's) Per Capita
SOURCE: Edmonton Municipal Airport, Annual Report Note: Figures in brackets indicate activity level ranking of airport among equipped Canadian airports.
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TABLE IV - 1.4 WATER CONSUMPTION AND CAPACITY 1974-1979
1974
1975
1978
191/.
1976
1979
TOTAL CONSUMPTION (millions of gallons) Domestic Commercial/Industrial Suburban Watermen
5,611 9,995 2,296
6,039 10,533 2,559
6,388 10.789 2,873 R2
6,400 10,615 2,832 R1
6,668 10,376 3,147 R8
6,663 10,923 3,450 R4
17,902
19,131
20,082
19,880
20,229
21,070
N/A
6.9
5.0
-1.0
1.8
4.2
87 52
90 57
92 59
102 60
113 64
114 69
Residential Business Weighted Average
61 977 152
63 982 156
64 968 155
61 897 146
62 840 142
59 840 139
% Increase
N/A
2.6
-0.6
-5.8
-2.7
-2.1
TOTAL RESERVOIR CAPACITY (millions of gallons)
61
71
76
76
86
115
TOTAL TREATMENT CAPACITY (millions of gallons)
N/A
90
130
130
125
125
TOTAL % Increase High day demand Average daily demand
CONSUMPTION PER CONSUMER (thousands of gallons)
Source: Edmonton Water and Sanitation Department, Annual Report
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-78TABLE IV - 1.5 WATER AND SANITATION - SOLID WASTE AND COMPARATIVE COST STATISTICS 1974-1979
1974
1215.
1976
191/
1913.
1979
SOLID WASTE TONNAGE Collection Disposal Grounds Transfer Stations
144,740 1,192,249 29.864
140,884 877,252 31.689
156,975 978,190 56.823
162,520 1,072,235 74.352
169,428 1,219,095 79.362
176,694 1,310,606 92.370
TOTAL
1,366,853
1,049,825
1,191,988
1,309,107
1,467,885
1,579,670
N/A
-23.2
13.5
9.8
12.1
7.6
Collection Disposal Grounds Transfer Stations
0.4 3.7 0.1
0.4 2.6 0.1
0.5 2.9 0.2
0.5 3.1
0.5 3.4 9,2
0.5 3.6 0.2
TOTAL
4.2
3.1
3.6
3.8
4.1
4. 3
% Increase
N/A
-26.2
16.1
5.6
7.9
4. 9
Sewage Treatment Operations Solid Waste Disposal Collection Disposal Grounds Transfer Stations
$2.21
$2.90
$3.59
$3.81
$3.93
$4.98
$5.38 $1.19 N/A
$6.21 $1.60 11/A
$6.31 $1.65 $0.69
$7.14 $1.82 $0.90
$8.28 $2.04 $1.12
$8.63 $2.13 $1.27
TOTAL SOLID WASTE
$6.57
$7.81
$8.65
$9.86
$11.44
$12.03
N/A
18.9
10.8
14.0
16.0
5.2
% Increase SOLID WASTE TONNAGE PER CAPITA*
COMPARATIVE COSTS PER CAPITA*
% Increase
Source: Edmonton Water and Sanitation Department * Per capita calculations based on population served by City Forces
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