Edmonton (Alta.) - 1985 - North Saskatchewan River valley communities historical study... by Edmonton Tower Resource Centre Online Library

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PARKS AND RECREATION

Planning Department

LIBRARY The City of Edmonton

Planning Depa ent LIBRAR

.The City of Edmonton

North Saskatchewan River Valley Communities Historical Study: A Documentation of Historical Resources Sites in Four Edmonton River Valley Communities

Prepared for: City of Edmonton Parks and Recreation Research & Planning Department

By: City of Edmonton Parks and Recreation Historical Planning Section June 15, 1981 Lan Chan -Marples

Revised: July 5, 1985 Jane Gibson

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

III

STUDY AREA

STUDY OBJECTIVES

STUDY METHODOLOGY

SUMMARY

VII

HISTORICAL DATA A. Rossdale History - Site Index - Histories

7 R-1. to R-75.

B. Cloverdale History -

Site Index Histories

10 C-1. to C-30.

C. Lavigne History -

Site Index Histories

11 L-i. to L-8.

D. Walterdale History - Site Index - Histories VIII RECOMMENDATIONS

12 W-1. to W-21. 13

GENERAL MAP OF RIVER VALLEY HISTORICAL RESOURCES SITES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A project of this historical nature could not be accomplished without helpful assistance from staff members of various institutions and private Much of the archival research took place at the City of individuals. Edmonton Archives, and with masses of material to sort through, the co-operation of th entire archival staff was greatly appreciated. The Historic Sites Service provided much help in the site inventory and Ann Holtz was extremely patient in documentation aspect of the report. explaining the procedures for site inventory and documentation, and permitted access to Historic Sites Inventory files. John Gilpin, of the same division, provided his expertise on the history of Strathcona and Edmonton. The knowledge of John Day (History Department, University of Alberta) on Edmonton's fur trade period and general history of Edmonton was invaluable. At the Bennett Environmental Educational Centre in Cloverdale, Cathy White, Burt Demeriez and Leslie Kroening were kind enough to answer questions on the area and to allow access to the centre's research on Cloverdale's historic sites. Last, but not least, thanks go to the staff of the former Parks and Recreation Historical Planning Branch for the patience and the assistance they have given throughout the entire project.

INTRODUCTION In 1980, the City of Edmonton's Parks and Recreation Department was involved with development issues in the river valley. It became apparent that an historical profile of the area in question would be a useful tool in the process of river valley parks planning. The Department's Historical Planning Section therefore initiated a comprehensive examination of historical structures and sites located in four of Edmonton's inner city river valley communities: Rossdale, Cloverdale, Lavigne and Walterdale. The Historical Planning Section was unable to complete this report in 1981, with other priorities taking precedence. However in 1985, the completion of the report was resumed by the Community Planning Section. To date, the Resource Management Plan for the River Valley and Ravine Systems includes a Biophysical Inventory and a Resource Analysis, and Alternative Management Strategies and Guidelines are to be developed. The North Saskatchewan River Valley Area Redevelopment Bylaw has also been adopted. In 1985, the approach to river valley development has shifted from a park concept to a community/park concept with the Planning Department's preparation of area redevelopment plans for Rossdale and Cloverdale, based on a River Valley Design Competition. Anticipating future planning of the recreational and residential aspects of the river valley, the Parks and Recreation Department believes that this River Valley Historical Study can be a data base for further river valley plans. Therefore, the study's main intent was to record historical structures and sites in the four river valley communities, providing consistent information on each site, to be used as a reference for any subsequent river valley research. However, the communities were examined as separate entities and were not analyzed as part of the entire River Valley System. Interpretation and analysis in a geographical/social context was not the intent of the study, but can be approached using this report as a data base. The study aimed for a complete inventory and documentation of sites, rather than a preliminary recording of sites. When the study commenced in 1980, an Historical and Archaeological consulting firm had already been contracted to do a preliminary documentation of prehistoric and historic sites, and this was completed in 1981. Although it is comprehensive, it would be inaccurate to consider this report conclusive. New information on individual sites continues to surface, even now after the sites have been documented. As required, new data could easily be added to the report, increasing the suitability of the data for river valley planning.

- 3 -

STUDY AREA

The four Central River Valley areas considered in the study are situated on the north and south sides of the North Saskatchewan River, in the core of Edmonton. On the north bank is Rossdale, across the river is Lavigne, with Walterdale west of it and Cloverdale northeast of Lavigne. The study area is from the river to the crest of the north and south banks and from the High Level Bridge (109 Street) downstream to the eastern boundary of the Cloverdale community (91 Street). (See Map 1). Of the four study areas, three are river flat communities (Rossdale, Cloverdale, and Walterdale) and one (Lavigne) is located on a steep slope. According to the River Lot System, the study area entailed River Lot 4 (Rossdale), River Lot 9 (Walterdale), River Lot 15 (Lavigne), River Lots 17, 19, 21 (Cloverdale), and the southern part of the Hudson's Bay Reserve on the flat.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The primary focus of this study was research and documentation of historic structures and sites (existing or not) in the River Valley Communities of Rossdale, Cloverdale, Lavigne, and Walterdale. A series of objectives for this study are listed below: 1.

To identify, record, and document significant structures, sites, people, and events associated with the areas concerned. Structures were generally selected for their public, institutional, industrial, and commercial associations.

To cover the time period from the first fur trade post to World War I, extending the time period for certain cases.

To review literature and source material relevant to the study area.

To identify extant and extinct sites.

- 5 -

STUDY METHODOLOGY A preliminary review of known historical sites was carried out to assist in the identification of sites located in the study area. The list compiled provided the foundation for subsequent data accumulation. A major part of the time allotted for the study was divided between library and archival research. Institutions frequently visited were the City of Edmonton Archives and the libraries at the University of Alberta. Other resource centres were the Alberta Provincial Archives, Historic Sites Service, and the City Library. Informant interviews were also conducted to clarify site location, data ambiguity, and inconsistencies in the research material. Extant sites were determined by maps from the Planning Department, field surveys, aerial photographs, and contemporary photographs. Vintage photographic material, Goad's Insurance Maps, Henderson's Directories, and archival city maps helped considerably in locating extinct sites. Details on historic sites cane predominantly from archival research. On-site field work was carried out by Aresco (1977) and Heitzmann (1980). The next phase of the study was the documentation of each site, as far as available data allowed. Since this particular study only covers the pre-1925 era, sites established beyond that time period were generally excluded. The researchers were usually successful in providing the following standard information for each site or building: establishment date, approximate or exact address, names of owners, function(s) of site or building, relevancy to the community and to Edmonton, and demolition date (if applicable). Photographs and maps were accumulated and added to the study to show the sites as they were or are and to show community Land use transition. For clarity, modern names or addresses have been used where various historical names and addresses occurred. The collection of photographs in this report is not exhaustive for each site because photographs were mainly selected to demonstrate location and land use. Detailed examination of some sites will require further photographic research. For this reason, the appendix includes archival references for additional photographs of several sites.

-6 SUMMARY

Through literature reviews and archival research, a total of 102 sites were identified and documented, but only 18 of these are existing today in various degrees of preservation. The rest have been destroyed or demolished by natural or man-induced means. Out of the 102 sites, 54 of them are, or were, in Rossdale; 25 in Cloverdale; 5 in Lavigne; and 18 in Walterdale. Rossdale has the largest number of surviving sites (12) out of the four areas in the study. Cloverdale has 4, and Lavigne and Walterdale have 1 each. The existing historical resources which warrant special attention are: Donald Ross School, Ross Flat Apartments, Edmonton Brewery, Moonlight Grocery, Valley Bike Rental Shop and Apartments, Ortona Armoury, Bennett School, and the slaughterhouse of Gallagher-Hull Packing Plant. The Latter two sites are located in Cloverdale, the rest are in Rossdale. Walterdale has been a Historic Park since the erection of Kinsmen Field House in the late sixties. The site consists of the houses John Walter built and lived in. Lavigne has no sites of particular historic value. The four river valley communities are the oldest neighbourhoods in the City and can trace their history back to the pre-1915 flood period. Rossdale was the foundation of the present City of Edmonton, with a history which goes back to c.1802. All communities, except Lavigne, have followed the same historical pattern, transgressing from agricultural, to industrial, and finally to residential land use. These communities reached their summit in land use from 1900 to 1915. Many of the historic sites documented are industrial, but a few are institutional, service, and recreational sites. The study was highly successful in locating these historical sites, and the information for them varied in abundance.

te*gla te

-7 SITE INDEX PAGE

ROSSDALE Henry Carreau General Store (c.1904-1915)

R-1.

Coal Mine

R-2.

Diamond Laundry (1914-1915)

R-3.

Diamond Park (1907-

R-4.-5.

)

Dingman Oil Well (1898-

R-6.

Dowling Grist Mill/Ottewell and Campbell City Flour Mill/ Northern Seed Company (1899-1925)

R-7.-8.

Edmonton Boat Company/Alberta Motor Company (1911-1946)

R-9.

Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company (1904-

)

Edmonton Cement Products Company, Limited (1913-1914)

R-10.-13. R-14.-15.

Edmonton Concrete Company, Limited (1905-1913)

R-16.-17.

Edmonton Dye Works/Edmonton Cleaning and Dye Works (c.1899-1914)

R-18.

Edmonton Electric Light Plant (1891-1904)

R-19.

Edmonton Hotel (Donald Ross House Hotel) (1873-1925) & Edmonton Hotel Annex/Devon Hotel (1902-c.1970's)

R-20.-24.

Edmonton House/Fort Edmonton (Hudson's Bay Company) (c.1802-1915)

R-25.-26.

Edmonton Ice Company/Arctic Ice Company (1899-1978)

R-27.-28.

Edmonton Ice Company Lodging House/Arctic Ice Company Lodging House (c.1904-1916)

R-29.

Edmonton Inclined Railway Company and the Inclined Railway (1908-1913)

R-30.-31.

Edmonton Woodyard (1912-1914)

R-32.

Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway (1902-1954)

R-33.

Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway Station (1902-1954)

R-34.

- 8 SITE INDEX PAGE

ROSSDALE (continued) Edmonton's Steamboat Landings

R-35.

Fort Mine

R-36.

Fort Augustus (North West Company ) (c.1802-1819)

R-37.-38.

Government Steam Boat Dock (pre-1910)

R-39.

Great West Motor Company (1913-1915)

R-40.

Hudson's Bay Company Graveyard (1820-1902) and )/Rossdale Cemetery Indian Graveyard (1820-

R-41.

Hudson's Bay Company Steamboat Landing

R-42.

Huff Grading Company, Ltd. (c.1903-1932)

R-43.-44.

Edmund Lieman Retail Grocery #1 (1906- ? )

R-45. R-46.

)

Edmund Lieman Retail Grocery #2 (1911-

Little Flower School (Catholic School) (1929-

)

R-47.

A. MacDougall Grocery (1913-1915)

R-48.

Model Rooms (Rooming House) (1916-1972)

R-49.

Northern Cartage Company Barn (1914-1915)

R-50.

Northwest Oil and Gas Company (1904)

R-51.

Old McKay Avenue School (1881Ortona Armoury (1914-

R-52.-53.

)

R-54.-55.

)

Pioneer Meat Company (1913-1950)

R-56.

Race Track and Exhibition Grounds (1902-1910)

R-57.-58.

Renfrew Park (1910-

R-59.-60.

)

R-61.

Donald Ross Coal Mine (1881-c.1894) Donald Ross Elementary School (1912-

)

R-62.

- 9 -

SITE INDEX ROSSDALE (continued)

PAGE

Ross Flat Apartments (1911-

R-63.-64.

Ross Flat School/Donald Ross School (1908)

R-65.

Rossdale Block (1913-

R-66.

)

Rossdale Grocery and Confectionery/ Valley Bike Rental & Repairs (1913-

R-67.

Rossdale Power and Water Treatment Plant (1904-

R-68.

Saskatchewan Avenue School (1912-1913)

R-69.

St. Theresa Roman Catholic Church (1945-1969)

R-70.

Twin City Ice Company (1912-1928)

R-71.

John Walter's Ferry Landings (1881-1913)

R-72.

John Walter's Northside Sawmill (1907-1915)

R-73.

John Walter's Steamboat Landing

R-74.

Wolfe & Hine (Taxidermy Workshop) (1913-c.1960)

R-75.

R-1.

Henry Carreau General Store (c.1904-1915) On August 15, 1904, Henry Carreau moved his general store from Ross Flats to 96 Street.1 In 1912, the store reopened as the Electric Cleaning & Dying Works, with Spencer Patterson as the cleaner.2 In 1914, it became Porter's Cafe and O. Hawkins was the proprietor.3 The address was vacant in 1915.4

1 Provincial Archives of Alberta, E. Brown Collection, No. B44414. 2 Henderson's Directory, 1912. 3 Ibid, 1914. 4 Ibid, 1915.

Henry Carreau Store on Ross Flats. 15 September 1904. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. B4414.

R-2. Coal Mine LSD 12-33-52-24-4 R.L. 4 "In 1892, the Edmonton Bulletin reported six drifts on the north bank of the river. Ernest Brown reports that it is the first coal mine."1

1 Ruth L. McConnell, John Priegert, and Roderick J. Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System: Inventory and Analysis, Archaeological and Historical Sites" (Edmonton Parks and Recreation, 1980), p. 24. (Hereafter cited as "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System").

R-3. Diamond Laundry (1914-1915)

206 - Currie Street (Corner of 97 Avenue and 100 Street) Opened in 1914, Diamond Laundry, under the proprietorship of Mr. M. E. Poole, serviced the Ross Flats community for about one year before being dissolved.'

1 Henderson's Directories, 1913-1916.

R-4.

Diamond Park (1907-

)

98 Avenue and 101 Street Built on land originally owned by Donald Ross, Diamond Park began as a baseball park in 1907 when the Edmonton Baseball Association leased the property from Mr. Ross for ten years at a yearly rental of $420.1 Some time between April 1907 and December 1911, a grandstand was built on the north side of the park. Before May 1913, bleachers were added west of the grandstand .2 In the 1920's, professional rugby was played here, with the Edmonton Eskimos Football (rugby) team led by Coach Deacon White, winning the Western Canada Rugby Union finals in 1921. Deacon White, a well-known sports organizer in Edmonton, started professional baseball in Edmonton in 1906,3 and as a major promoter of the Edmonton Baseball Association, in 1912 he attempted to sell the Diamond Park lease, or rent the park to the City.4 Amateur and semi-pro baseball continued to be played in Diamond Park into the early 1930's. The park was not only used for baseball, but also for rugby, cricket, soccer, lacrosse, track and field, and even skating.5 Diamond Park became City The property in 1923, as a tax-forfeited acquisition of 4.28 acres.6 Edmonton Football Association leased Diamond Park in 1932 for baseball, but by 1933, league baseball was played in Renfrew Park.7 In March 1936, the grandstand, bleachers, and dressing room in Diamond Park were in the process of being demolished, when a fire destroyed these structures and consequently hastened their demolition.8 About 1947, a

1 Northern Alberta District Certificate of Title 136K6. 2

City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1904 revised to 1911, and 1913 revised to 1914.

Dennis Person, Carin Routledge, Edmonton Portrait of a City, 1981, p. 159.

Edmonton Daily Capital, 16 July 1912.

Edmonton Journal, 10 March 1936 and 1 September 1955.

List of City Parks, 1931, "List of City Park Lands Purchased, Donated, and Reserved Out of Tax Sale and Exchange Land as at June 30, 1931,", Folio 4. City of Edmonton Parks and Recreation Department.

City of Edmonton Archives, Renfrew Park, Parks and Recreation Facilities File "Report on the History and Development of Renfrew Baseball Park", C.S. Campbell, 1937.

Edmonton Journal, 9, 10, 19 March 1936.

R-5. Diamond Park (1907-

) (continued)

building was moved into the park and used as the speed skating and hockey rink building.9 Although the James MacDonald Freeway was built over the south part of Diamond Park in 1970, the skating rink continued to be used10 until 1974. The site is presently owned by the City as part of Parks and Recreation inventory, and is clear of structures.

9 "History of Some of Our Older Buildings", Parks and Recreation History File, n.d. City of Edmonton Archives. 10 Edmonton Journal, 24 October 1967, 12 May 1970, 10 February 1977.

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R-6. Dingman Oil Well (1898-

)

A. W. Dingman was the first man to drill for oil in the Edmonton district. In 1898, he spudded the well "near the Low Level Bridge, close to the Brewery and in sight of Donald Ross' Hotel". Little oil or gas came out of it, and Mr. Dingman had to abandon the well.' Donald Ross and Joseph Hostyn had hoped to use the oil for the Incline Railway, but not enough was produced to do so.2 Mr. Dingman, however, was much more successful in Turner Valley; for at five o'clock, May 14, 1914, the Dingman well erupted and oil gushed out of the wel1.3

1 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, p. 125. 2 McConnell, Priegert and Heitmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 52. 3 MacGregor, p. 205.

R-7.

Dowling Grist Mill (1899-1906)/Ottewell and Campbell City Flour Mill (1906-1923)/Northern Seed Company (1923-1925)

9807-9823 - 100 Street A year after he came to Edmonton, James Bradford Dowling established his own flour mill in 1899. One of the first markets for the grain and wheat growers in the district, it was located near the present Low Level Bridge, on Curry Street (9811 - 100 Street). The Mill building, a three-and-a-half storey frame structure with a stone foundation, was built close to the elevators, and a passageway connected the two buildings. Adjoining the mill at its east end was a one-storey brick power house used to run the mill.' Mr. Dowling sold his business to R. P. Ottewell and A. B. Campbell on October 1st, 1906; and the mill's name changed to City Flour Mill. Dowling went on to operate the first steam laundry in Edmonton. In 1911, he operated the first passage boat in Lake Wabamun and built cottages and a large hall at Seba Beach. He farmed until 1925 and then worked at a gravel pit. Later, he worked as an engineer for the coal mines at Rabbit Hill.2 Mr. A. B. Campbell was the Manager of Dowling Mill since 1901, before he bought the mill. He later served as President of the Edmonton Exhibition Association for five years, and in 1905, was President of the Edmonton Board of Trade.3 Just as active, Mr. R. P. Ottewell, a resident of Clover Bar, owned and promoted coal mines in his district.4 Supplies for the City Flour Mill came from the Edmonton District and the mill's products were consumed in the city and surrounding country and neighbouring towns. With the aid of the Canadian Pacific Railway, Ottewell and Campbell brought in seed wheat and distributed it to the grain growers free of charge. This was the beginning of winter wheat in Alberta.5 The mill had manufactured three grades of flour: "White Rose", "Patent", and "Strong Bakers". Buyers found the flour reasonably priced; 40-50 cents less In 1911, City Flour Mill registered a new than outside manufacturers.6 trademark, "The Crusader".

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 21 September 1899. 2 Edmonton Journal, 15 July 1968. 3 Edmonton Journal, Special Anniversary Issue, 1913. 4 Edmonton Bulletin, Special Anniversary Issue, 1911. 5 Edmonton Journal, Special Anniversary Issue, 1913. 6 Edmonton Bulletin, 23 September 1906.

R-8.

Dowling Grist Mill (1899-1906)/Ottewell and Campbell City Flour Hill (1906-1923)/Northern Seed Company (1923-1925) (continued) The Company's own elevators had a capacity of 110 thousand bushels. Through the busy seasons, the mill operated day and night.7 Campbell & Ottewell Grain Company's final listing in Henderson's directory appeared in 1920. The following year, only Ottewell's name was listed with the company and in 1922, the plant was registered as vacant. The Northern Seed Company purchased the mill in 1923 and operated it until approximately 1925,8 with George S. Hegler as proprietor and its head office at 10133 - 99 Street.9

7 Ibid., Special Anniversary Issue, 1911. 8 McConnell, Priegart and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 54. 9 Henderson's Directories, 1923-1925.

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R-9. Edmonton Boat Company (1911-1920's)/Alberta Motor Boat Company (1920's-1946) Mr. James Weir, a native of Ireland, came to Ontario in 1909. There he met and worked with Mr. James Buchanan for a boat company. In 1911, the tdo gentlemen teamed up and opened the Edmonton Boat Company on the terrace between the river and Grierson Street, near the Low Level Bridge. They bought out Inglis, MacDougall and Thom Company and converted the building to a boat factory.1 Their venture became an immediate success since both men were experienced shipbuilders in Ireland. For a long time the boat plant produced boats, schooners, other watercraft, dog sleighs, and toboggans for buyers in British Columbia and the North. During World War II, the Company's production line expanded to include the manufacture of aircraft wings and skis. Around the 1920's, the name of this boat company Changed to Alberta Motor Boat Company. Disaster struck in December 1946, when a fire in the Alberta Motor Boat building destroyed the two-storey frame and stucco plant. It was the third time since its opening that the building had been destroyed by fire.2 Two months later, the business resumed in a new location at 12312 105 Avenue.3

Edmonton Journal, 27 April 1966.

Ibid., 17 December 1946.

Aresco Ltd., "Capital City Recreation Park, Historical Resource Site (Hereafter cited as "Capital City 1977), p. 259. Files" (Edmonton: Recreation Park").

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MUINIDY'S STREET INDEX telf\P OF DIATOM 1912 Credit: City of Edmonton Archives.

R-10.

Edmonton Brewing Company or Yellowhead Brewing Company* (1894-1898)/ Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company (1904-1913)/New Edmonton Breweries (1924-c.1930)/ MacGregor Telephone Exchange Power & Construction Company, Limited (c.1930-1962)/Volkswagen Auto Repair Shop (1965-1978) 9843 - 100 Street Twin Cities' (Edmonton and Strathcona) liquid consumption underwent a Change with the arrival of Robert Ochsner and Tom Cairns in 1894. Within a few months, two breweries went into production as Ochsner's Brewery (or Strathcona Brewery), and The Edmonton Brewing Company. Ochsner started producing beer in the plant he built in Strathcona (where the Queen Elizabeth Park is today). Near the plant was a natural spring which supplied the water Mr. Cairns, in partnership with Kelly and Myover, did not for brewing. announce his brewing business until a few months later.1 Competition to The Strathcona Brewery, Cairns' small plant was built an the flats just upstream from the present Low Level Bridge.2 The river supplied the necessary water for brewing, and when it got muddy, Mr. Cairns would use the well beside the plant.3 When the Edmonton Brewing Company's partnership dissolved in 1898, the Mr. Cairns, with lumber from John brewery on the flats closed down.4 Walter's lumberyard, built another brewery on what is the present site of the Royal Glenora Club.5 However, he abandoned this brewery in 1900 and left Edmonton .6 The Canadian Pacific Railway on June 26, 1902, became the owner of the original brewery property on Ross Flats.7 A year later, it was transferred

* St. John's Edmonton Report of July 29, 1974 called Tom Cairns' first brewery business the Yellowhead Brewing Company. However, other sources have consistently called the company the Edmonton Brewing Company.

1 The Edmontonians, 17-23 July 1967, p. 5. 2 Ibid., and Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 3 The Edmontonians, 17-23 July 1967, p. 5. 4 Ibid., p. 41. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Historical Structures in Edmonton (City of Edmonton Planning Department, 1974).

R-11. Edmonton Brewing Company or Yellowhead Brewing Company* (1894-1898)/Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company (1904-1913)/New Edmonton Breweries (1924-c.1930)/ MacGregor Telephone Exchange Power & Construction Company, Limited (c.1930-1962)/Volkswagen Auto Repair Shop (1965-1978) (continued) to the hands of the newly established Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company operated by W. H. Sheppard and T. W. Lines. The east boundary of the property happens to be the site of the old electric light station, near the river bank.Â° In 1901, W. H. Sheppard of Strathcona, who came to the town in 1894, founded the Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company; a commendable idea for the owner of the Strathcona Hote1.9 Besides acting as the company's managing director and hotel proprietor, Sheppard was also an Alderman and Mayor of Strathcona for two years. The January 28, 1903 issue of The Bulletin reported that: "Messrs. Fisher and Band are erecting their 2nd building for brewing purposes on the old electric light station site."1Â° Mr. Adolph Fisher was hired as General Manager and Mr. Carl Band was the Brewery Manager. Four months later, the same newspaper reported that W. E. Lines, former resident of Winnipeg, had purchased an interest in the brewery and that the new brewery would have their beer on market the following month)-1 On February 15, 1904, the Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company was incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000.12 In its first year, the Company had three subscribers with one share each: Tom W. Lines, Mill Manager, Edmonton W. H. Sheppard, Hotel Keeper, Strathcona E. F. Slocock, Accountant, Edmonton13

8 University of Alberta, Map Collection Department, Plan of the Town of Edmonton, N.W.T. Edmonton Base Map-18, 1891. 9 Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 10 ibid. , 28 January 1903. 11 ibid. , 14 April 1903. 12 Alberta Companies Branch, Molson Brewery Ltd., Microfische File 107-01-02-00002 (Edmonton, Alberta). 13 Ibid.

R-12. Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company (1904-1913)/New Edmonton Breweries (1924-c.1930)/MacGregor Telephone Exchange Power & Construction Company, Limited (c.1930-1962)/Voikswagen Auto Repair Shop (1965-1978) (continued) In 1907, three more subscribers joined the business, with one change in the original three subscribers: David Russell Ker, Merchant, Victoria, B.C. William Henry Sheppard, Broker, Strathcona William Ernest Lines, Manager, Edmonton Ernest Frederick Slocock, Freight Agent, Edmonton Joseph H. Picard, Investor, Edmonton Richard Secord, Investor, Edmonton14 In August 1904, an advertisement appeared in The Bulletin calling tenders for the construction of a brick malt house near the site of their brewery on the flats. The Company wanted, specifically, a plain brick structure 85 1/2 x 36 feet consisting of two stories. The malt rooms were to be on the second storey and the malting plant on the main floor.15 A half brick and half frame cold storage building 60 x 30 feet was also drawn in with the malt house plans.16 The first storey (12 feet high) was to be of brick and the second storey (10 feet high) was to be of frame and would be filled with ice. Pheasy and Batson won the contract for the main work and W. H. Gardner the sub-contract for the frame work.17 Upon completion, the new malt house with a total floor space of 70 x 115 feet166 would dominate the existing frame brewery buildings. For many years, the trade mark "Yellowhead" beer was a household word. Other names such as Rex's King and Purple Label were also two popular brands. Beers and other malted beverages were transported through the "spur track of its neighbor the City Flour, Mills [sic].. â&#x20AC;˘"19 In 1912, the company built a new five-storey brewery on 121 Street and 104 Avenue. In 1927, Lethbridge Brewery, founded by Fritz Sick in 1903 and later

14 Ibid. 15 Edmonton Bulletin, 26 August, 1904, and 21 September, 1904. 16 Ibid. 17 Edmonton Bulletin, 21 September 1904. 18 Ibid., 30 September 1904. 19 Ibid., Anniversary Issue, 1911, p. 107.

R-13. Edmonton Brewing Company or Yellowhead Brewing Company* (1894-1898)/Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company (1904-1913)/New Edmonton Breweries (1924-c.1930)/ MacGregor Telephone Exchange Power & Construction Company, Limited (c.1930-1962)/Voikswagen Auto Repair Shop (1965-1978) (continued) replaced by his son, Emil Sick, bought the Edmonton Brewing & Malting Company and changed it to New Edmonton Breweries Ltd.20 It was registered as a "private company". In 1933, New Edmonton Breweries Ltd. was changed to Edmonton Breweries Ltd.21 In 1944, the board decided to rename it Sicks' Edmonton Brewery Ltd.22 A title search conducted by the City of Edmonton Planning Department in 1974 revealed that on March 11, 1924, New Edmonton Breweries Ltd. owned the old brewery still standing at Ross Flats near the river.23 It is believed the new company re-opened it for brewing purposes.24 Around 1930, Andrew McGregor converted this brewery into McGregor Telephone and Power Construction Co. Ltd. The 1934 Henderson's Directory listed another business, the Western Tie and Timber Company, in the same address as McGregoes.25 Finally, in 1965, the brick malt house became the Volkswagen Auto Repair Shop.26 Since 1978, the malt house has stayed vacant.27 It wns designated by Alberta Culture as a registered historic site in 1980. As for the cold storage building beside the malt house, it is not known at present when it was dismantled.

20 St. John's Edmonton Report, 29 July 1974, p. 15. 21 Alberta Companies Branch, Molson's Brewery Ltd., Microfiche File 107-01-02-00002 (Edmonton, Alberta). 22 Ibid. 23 Historical Structures in Edmonton (City of Edmonton Planning Department, 1974). 24 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 52. 25 Henderson's Directory, 1934. 26 Ibid., 1965. 27 Ibid, 1978.

Brewery, Elevator, Mill and Artificial Stoneworks, Ross Flats, Edmonton. 1907. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. B1385.

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R-14.

Edmonton Cement Products Company, Limited (1913-1914) On May 31, 1913, Edmonton Cement Products, Ltd., a new corporation, continued the operation of the former Edmonton Concrete and Construction Company, Limited, which was located on Currie Street (100 Street) and McDougall South (99 Avenue).1 The capital stock of the joint Company was $10,000.2 Shareholders were; J. J. Crawford, Aleda H. Crawford, and Harry Patriquin. The new company was formed to purchase and carry on the business of the Edmonton Concrete and Construction Company, Limited.3 The company works occupied a building fifty by one hundred feet, and produced building blocks of "excellent sandstone texture" :4 "By mixing a certain proportion of sharp sand with cement a "batch" is made that undergoes a thorough amalgamation by machinery, sufficient water being added to make the mass adhesive. It is then moulded into blocks containing central apertures. When dried these blocks present the appearance of Indiana sandstone,..." "This stone has the same strength, lasting qualities and properties of natural stone, and the advantage of being produced in any form desired." "The cost saving both in material and in the Labor of erection with this class of building material is far below brick or ordinary stone, and its lasting qualities in the long run make it less than lumber."5 In the summer of 1913, machinery for the production of sewer pipe had been installed. The Journal claimed that cement sewer pipe took half the time to produce than ordinary clay or burned pipe .6

1 Alberta Companies Branch, Edmonton Cement Products, Limited, Microfilm No. 2895 (Edmonton, Alberta). 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Edmonton Journal, Anniversary Issue, 1913. 5 Ibid.

6 Ibid.

R-15. Edmonton Cement Products C9mpany, Limited (1913-1914) (continued) The capacity of the stone block plant in 1913 was 800 blocks per day and additional machinery was planned to double the output.8 Ten men were employed, but with the sewer pipe machinery, another ten men were hired. The sand used in the process came from Leduc and Savoy.9 The cement and sand blocks were most suitable for business blocks, residence and barn construction. Shipments were sent to all parts of the Edmonton district, such as Tofield. On October 29, 1914, one of the shareholders, H. O. Patriquin (auditor) wrote to the Companies Branch to say that the Edmonton Cement Products Company, Limited "never formally took over the plant Which they were incorporated to take over, and as the parties who were operating the plant and incorporated the Company have left the country, the Company may as well be cancelled from off the Register."10 The Company was not in Henderson's Directory of 1914.

8 Ibid. 9 Ibid. 10 Alberta Companies Branch, Edmonton Cement Products, Limited, Microfilm No. 2895 (Edmonton, Alberta). 11 Henderson's Directory, 1914.

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R-16.

Edmonton Concrete Company, Limited (1905-1913) Edmonton Concrete Company, Limited came into existence by the demand of some of the leading local contractors, who thought concrete blocks would be a suitable substitute for brick or stone, especially in a place and at a time when both were very scarce."' The plant was equipped with machinery and equipment in vogue at that time. Its operation came under the management of Mr. Alphaeus Patterson, a native of Smith's Falls, Ontario, Who arrived in Edmonton in 1900. Charles May was president of the company and at that time, also served as Alderman. In 1906, May became Mayor of Edmonton.2 The Edmonton Concrete Company yards once manufactured and sold cement and concrete blocks, pipings of various sizes, and other articles made out of cement or concrete in Ross' Flats. From examining Charles E. Goad's Insurance Maps of Edmonton 1907 and 1913, there was no indication this Company ever existed in the River Valley.3 The Edmonton Concrete and Construction Company was mapped on the 1907 insurance maps, situated west of Curry Street (100 Street) and south of McDougall South (99 Avenue) on the 1914 Insurance Maps. However, in reviewing documents from Alberta Companies Branch, this business was an offshoot of the Edmonton Concrete Company. According to the record retrieved in Alberta Companies Branch, the Edmonton Concrete Company was incorporated under the Ordinance of the North West Territories on February 19, 1907, and eventually the word Limited was tagged to the end of the name.4 On March 7, 1907, 200 shares at $100 each were purchased by George Andrews of Strathcona (Gentleman), Charles Batson (Contractor), Alphaeus Patterson (Manufacturer), Charles May (Contractor), and James Gregg of Strathcona (Gentleman). May, Batson, and Gregg became the directors of this joint enterprise and the managerial position went to Patterson. At the Provincial Museum, there is an index card on the Edmonton Concrete Company which states the Edmonton Concrete Company was the successor to Patterson's Stone Works. Unfortunately, there was no record of Patterson's Stone Works at Companies Branch nor was Patterson ever mentioned as owner of the Stone Works in the Edmonton Concrete Company file from the City of Edmonton Archives. It was Ernest Brown who referred to Patterson by

1 Edmonton Bulletin, May-June and 13 June 1908. 2 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, pp. 132 and 148. 3 Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, City of Edmonton Archives, 1913, and Provincial Archives of Alberta, 1907. 4 Alberta Companies Branch, Edmonton Concrete and Construction Company, Limited, Microfilm No. 421 (Edmonton, Alberta).

R-17.

Edmonton Concrete Company, Limited (1905-1913) (continued) identifying the photographs of the plants as "Patterson's Artificial Stone Works" and "Patterson's Concrete Pipe Factory". At this time, there are no leads to verify the existence of Patterson's Artificial Stone Works prior to its absorption by the Edmonton Concrete Company. On May 1, 1911, notice was given to change the name of the "Edmonton Concrete Company" to the "Edmonton Concrete and Construction Company, Limited.-5 At the same time, the Company increased its shares from 200 to 350. However, on August 9, 1912, a special meeting was held to discuss the liquidation of the Company. On May 31, 1913, a new corporation called Edmonton Cement Products, Limited, was organized for the intention of absorbing the Edmonton Concrete and Construction Company, Limited.6 The new company, unfortunately, never formally took over the plant as the shareholders had planned to do (see Edmonton Cement Products, Limited). The plants' operations closed down in 1914.7 Two public schools in north Edmonton and several Edmonton residences have been built with the company's concrete blocks.8

5 Ibid. 6 Alberta Companies Branch, Edmonton Cement Products, Limited, Microfilm No. 2895 (Edmonton, Alberta). 7 Edmonton Bulletin, 13 June 1908.

8 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913 (revised to 1914).

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Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. B1329.

Patterson's Concrete Pipe Factory (Patterson's Artifical Stone Works), Ross Flats, 1907. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta, E. Brown Collection. B.1329

R-18.

Edmonton Dye Works/Edmonton Cleaning and Dye Works (c.1899-1914) 232 Currie Street or rear of 359 Currie Street (9831 - 100 Street) According to Lowe's Directory of 1899, Edmonton Dye Works was already in existence at Ross Flats, any owned by Ferdinand Mayerhofer.' The business was probably in operation around 1897, for the Edmonton Bulletin on October 4, 1897, announced the end of Birchner and Mayerhofer's partnership in the Edmonton Dye Works near the Electric Light Works.2 The business, however, was to be continued by Mayerhofer. Mr. Birchner left for the Yukon in February, 1898.3 According to Henderson's Directory of 1905, the Edmonton Dye Works was at the "flat, near brewery" and Mr. Mayerhofer had taken on a partner, Mr. W. A. Clark.4 Subsequent Henderson's Directories showed that in 1907 the proprietors were Messrs. Henigsen and Thomas.5 By this time, the firm changed its name to Edmonton Cleaning and Dye Works, with the plant at 232 Currie Street. In 1909 and 1911, Young and Company obtained the business and continued the operations at the same address.Â° In 1912, the name Edmonton Dye Works vanished from Henderson's Directory. In 1914, the company reappeared with a Mr. L. W. Sage as the owner, but the Works had moved to 9340 - Jasper Avenue.

1 Lowe's Directory, 1899. 2 Edmonton Bulletin, 4 October 1897. 3 Ibid. 4 Henderson's Directories, 1905; and City of Edmonton, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Maps of Edmonton 1907 and 1913. 5 Ibid., 1907. 6 Ibid., 1909-1914.

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R-19.

Edmonton Electric Light Plant (1891-1904) In 1891, the Edmonton Electric Light Company, a private corporation, hired Alex Taylor to manage Edmonton's first local electric lighting station) Mr. Taylor built the thermal power plant on the north riverbank immediately upstream from the present Low Level Bridge.2 poles and wires were stretched up the hill along Jasper Avenue to provide electricity to the commercial district.3 The Company ran the business under a ten year franchise received from the municipality. Power was turned on three days before Christmas in 1891. The 1899 Edmonton flood closed the plant for three weeks.4 In 1904, the responsibility of supplying electricity to the City was transferred to a new power plant.5 The first site was subsequently sold to the Edmonton Brewing and Malting Company.

1 Marie Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites in the North Saskatchewan River Valley in Edmonton" (Alberta Culture, 1974), p. 91. (Hereafter cited as "Possible Heritage Sites"). 2 University of Alberta Map Collection Department, Plan of the Town of Edmonton, N.W.T. Edmonton Base Map - 18, 1891. 3 J. G. MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, p. 107. 4 Marie Dorsey, p. 91. 5 McConnell, Priegert and Heitmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 53.

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Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. B1508.

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MUNICIPALITY OF THE TOWN OF

EDMONTON

ALBERTA, N.W.T.

41,4 4,

compiled by: A. Driscoll Edmonton 1/5/03

Credit: Map Collection, U.of A., Edmonton, Alberta

R-20.

Edmonton Hotel (Donald Ross House Hotel) (1873-1925) and Edmonton Hotel Annex/Devon Hotel (1902-c.1970's) Edmonton's first hotel extended its hospitality on Ross Flats at the foot of McDougall Hill (101 Street) northwest of Diamond Park. When it was established in 1876, the hotel was the only one of its kind west of Portage la Prairie. The Edmonton Hotel had been under various managements during its existence, but none as distinguished as that of its founder, Donald Ross. *Born in Dumfrieshire, Scotland, on June 17, 1840, Donald Ross at the age of 17, made his way to North America as a cabin boy on the steamship, "City of Baltimore". He landed in New York in 1857 and worked as a waiter. By 1859, he was waitering in hotels in Washington, D.C. January 1, 1860, the date of the first rush for California, was also the date Donald Ross left for California to participate in the gold rush. Via Panama, Ross arrived at California on Mardi 1. He prospected for about a year and a half in Yuba County. Then, in the fall of 1861, he crossed the Sierra to Carson City, Nevada, and mined there for nine years. In 1870, Ross went to the Peace River mines in British Columbia. Faring no better, Ross took a job testing the navigability of Manson Creek to Peace River. Finally, in August 1872, he crossed the Peace River on his way to Edmonton, and arrived in Edmonton on August 20, 1872. Gold fever still in his head, he panned the Saskatchewan River for two years, averaging five dollars a day. Meanwhile, for three years, he had leased the Hudson's Bay Company farm at the bottom of McDougall Hill. After living on the farm for one year, the lease was cancelled by the inspecting Chief factor, due to thirty-nine hundred dollars owed by Ross. The factor purchased Ross's implements, his stock and crop. After three weeks, Ross paid off all his debts and ended up with 800 dollars to his credit with the Hudson's Bay Company, as well as maintaining a part of his crop.* With this settled, Donald Ross acquired the property between what is now 101 Street and east to the river, south of 99 Avenue. The land had been owned by Leslie Wood, an officer of the Hudson's Bay Company and first title holder of this property after Edmonton Settlement was surveyed and the Hudson's Bay Company had claimed its reserve.' In 1873, Donald Ross built himself a log

* Biography of Donald Ross extracted from Archibald 0. MacRae, The History of Alberta (Western Canada History Co., 1912), pp. 541-544. Biography of Donald Ross extracted from The History of Alberta, pp. 541-544. 1 Information given to Mr. A. A. Campbell by Mr. Donald Ross Jr. on Tuesday, 15 May 1951. (City of Edmonton Archives, Donald Ross Files); and Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911.

R-21. Edmontong Hotel (Donald Ross House Hotel) (1873-1925) and Edmonton Hotel Annex/Devon Hotel (1902-c.1970's) (continued) house which was one of the first buildings in the area, along with the Hudson's Bay Company's, the Mission's and other settlers' buildings. Many miners soon beat a path to his doorsteps, and finding his hospitality was costing him, Ross decided to charge 504 for meals.2 unintentionally, miners and wayfarers gave rise to the beginning of the Edmonton Hotel in 1876. Before long, Donald Ross's private residence became a well-patronized stopping-house, and he converted the second floor of his house into sleeping accommodations. Guests shared one bath and one roller towel,3 and horses were housed in the feed stable Ross had erected across the road from the Hotel .4 To provide variety on the tables,, Ross started a market garden on what afterwards became the Ross Estate.)Vegetables and flowers grew abundantly under his coaxing, and his yields were sold locally. His agricultural ability won him prizes at the 1879 Agricultural Fair held at Fort Edmonton. He also mined coal around his hotel and opened up the first commercially operated coal mine in Cloverdale.6 For amusement, guests could pay seventy-five cents and shoot pool for an hour on the three billiard tables Mr. Ross had freighted in from Winnipeg. These billiard tables were the first ones in Alberta.7 Bed was 504 a night; the cost was the same whether it was a bed or a billiard table. In 1878, the Edmonton Bulletin newspaper began operation in a small outbuilding loaned by Donald Ross. It was located on the flat in close proximity to the Edmonton Hote1.8

2 Edmonton Journal, 5 October 1976. 3 Tony Cashman, The Best Edmonton Stories, (Edmonton: 1976), p. 96.

Hurtig Publishers,

4 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, p. 92; and Provincial Archives of Alberta, Photograph Collection, A4693. 5 Beatrice Alice Ockley, "A History of Early Edmonton" (Unpublished M. A. Thesis, Department of History, University of Alberta, 1932), p. 248. 6 MacGregor, p. 92. 7 MacRae, The History of Alberta, pp. 543-544. 8 Ockley, "A History of Early Edmonton", pp. 146-7.

R-22. Edmonton Hotel (Donald Ross House Hotel) (1873-1925) and Edmonton Hotel Annex/Devon Hotel (1902-c.1970's) (continued) Heavy traffic prompted continuous additions to the original hotel building. By 1897, the log house was turned into a spacious do-storey, long, frame structure,9 The abundance of patrons soon effected the need for another addition; therefore in 1902, a building opposite the Edmonton Hotel was Combined, the two purchased, and it became the Edmonton Hotel Annex.1Â° buildings offered eighty to eighty-five sleeping rooms.11 The old structure was renovated with modern plumbing, a lighting system, steam heating and hot and cold running water to bring it up to date with the new building.12 The Edmonton Journal on October 3, 1904 ran the following advertisement.13 'For rent - tenders for the rental of Donald Ross' Well cultivated Garden plot, consisting of five acres. An opportunity for the municipality to acquire a fine nursery location.' Ten days later, the Edmonton Journal announced the proposed renovation of Edmonton Hotel and the erection of a small building diagonally across road from the hote1.14 "The new building will be used as a bunk house, the accommodation of farmers and other persons travelling, who have their blankets and are less willing to pay the hotel price."

the the for own

Mr. John Cameron, Who was in the west since 1891 (mostly in British Columbia), owned the Edmonton Hotel and Annex in 1909.15 Then on June 10, 1912, Messrs. Dave McIntyre and Hector Austin acquired the Edmonton business,16 Mr. McIntyre came to Edmonton in 1899, and Mr. Austin in 1901. All three owners had experience in hotel management.

9 Information given to Mr. A. A. Campbell by Mr. Donald Ross Jr. on Tuesday, 15 May 1951; and Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 10 Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 11 Ibid. 12 Ibid. 13 Edmonton Journal, 3 October 1904. 14 Ibid. 15 Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 16 Edmonton Journal, Anniversary Issue, 1913.

R-23. Edmonton Hotel (Donald Ross House Hotel) (1873-1925) and Edmonton Hotel Annex/Devon Hotel (1902-c.1970's) (continued) As fate would have it, the Edmonton Hotel burned down in 1925.17 The Annex, later renamed the Devon Hotel, remained in situ until its demolition in the 1970's. Memory of the first hotel is preserved by the replica of the original fireplace on the original hotel site. It was erected in 1965 by the Edmonton Landmark Committee and the Alberta Hotel Association. After Dominion Land Surveyors divided the Edmonton district into river lots in 1882, Donald Ross, by virtue of being the first man in Rossdale, obtained legal title to River Lot 4.18 The Edmonton Bulletin, on September 21, 1906, reported the sale of about seventy lots on the Donald Ross estate, Which was north from the river to the bottom of McDougall Hill and west from the river to 101 Street.19 This land sale probably contributed much to the development of Rossdale as a community. In 1878, Ross married Miss Olive Brewitt. They had three children: James Alexander, Donald and Olive. As well as his hotel business, Ross was also active in civic affairs. He was a school trustee for nine years; President of the Edmonton Industrial Exhibition Association for two years; a Member of the Old Timers' Association; and Past Master of Old Saskatchewan Lodge, No. 17.20 He was also one of the founders of the Incline Railway. Mr. Hostyn, Ross' hotel manager, was also involved in this venture.21 According to Henderson's Directory of 1909, Joseph Hostyn was the proprietor of the hote1.22 It is possible he purchased the hotel from Ross some time prior to 1909 and then sold it to John Cameron in 1909. Moreover, the Edmonton Hotel Feed Stable was owned by William C. Craig,23 so Mr. Ross was out of the hotel business by 1909. Ross passed away in 1915. Before he died, he had a school and a community named after him. Though he had passed away, the image of this great pioneer, however, could be spotted in a number of Ernest Brown's photographs. For instance, Ross was captured "on glass" when he drove the last rivet in the newly finished Low Level Bridge (1900) and he could be easily picked out as

17 Information given to Mr. A. A. Campbell by Mr. Donald Ross Jr. on Tuesday, 15 May 1951. 18 Edmonton Journal, 5 October 1976. 19 Edmonton Bulletin, 21 September 1906. 20 MacRae, The History of Alberta, p. 544. 21 Edmonton Journal, 15 June 1965. 22 Henderson's Directory, 1909. 23 Ibid

R-24. Edmonton Hotel (Donald Ross House Hotel) (1873-1925) and Edmonton Hotel Annex/Devon Hotel (1902-c.1970 ' s ) ( continued ) one of the people to ride the first train across the bridge to Edmonton in 1902 24. Unfortunately, despite his popularity and appearance at all functions, Ross was shattered when he did not get elected as a City Council member.

24 provincial Archives of Alberta, Ernest Brown Collection B.6222 and B.6206.

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R-25.

Edmonton House/Fort Edmonton (Hudson's Bay Company) (c.1802 -1915) After the North West Company pushed inland from the Great Lakes, the Hudson's Bay Company followed suit from their territory around Hudson's Bay. Though rivals before their amalgamation in 1821, the two companies were inseparable; both had the habit of trading close to each other, and in some cases, they even shared the same palisade. The first trading post in the Edmonton area was built in 1795 by the North The post was placed on the north hank of the North West Company. Saskatchewan River, where the Saskatchewan meets the Sturgeon River. Realizing too late the intention of the North West Company to build Fort Augustus further upstream, the Hudson's Bay Company had to wait until the following spring before they could occupy their post, Edmonton House. William Tomison, then stationed at Buckingham House, has been credited for initiating the building of Edmonton House. However, confusion and controversy on the history of Edmonton House starts with its birth, for scholars are still trying to determine the truth about this Hudson's Bay The first dispute is the idea that George Sutherland, not Company post. William Tomison, was the actual builder. The second uncertainty relates to the name of Edmonton House. One view is that it was named after the estate of Sir John Lake, Deputy Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company who came from Edmonton, Middlesex, England just north of London. The alternative belief is that it was named after the birthplace of the Hudson's Bay Company clerk, John Pruden of Edmonton, England.1 Not long after, between 1802 and 1806, the Hudson's Bay Company abandoned old Edmonton House, and with the North West Company, are believed to have moved to a site near Rossdale. There the two competitors resided together and business went on as usual. This move created the third controversy in the From re-examination of history of Fort Augustus and Edmonton House. available data, John Day, a local historian, concludes that the forts were probably built near or at Laurier Park flat; and not near Rossdale as popularly accepted. In 1810-1811, under the influence of the North West Company, James Bird moved his men to White Earth River, where a double fort, surrounded by a single palisade, was established for the two fur companies. The location turned out to be undesirable since the Indians refused to go there; so in 1813, James Bird decided to build a new factory near the Edmonton site. Close behind came the North West Company. John Day proposes that between 1813 and 1815, Fort Augustus and Edmonton House were twin posts sharing a common compound, but tense rivalry had ended this practice. Again, Day's view is that between 1815-1819, Fort Augustus moved to a spot west of the Municipal golf course. He thinks that it was at this point that the Hudson's Bay Company began to occupy the Rossdale Site.

1 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, p. 19.

R-26. Edmonton House/Fort Edmonton (Hudson's Bay Company)

(c.1802-1915) The two companies competed ferociously until the North West Company gave up its trading rights to the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821. This union called for a reduction in staff. Since Edmonton House was the larger of the two, it became the only trading post. Fort Augustus, however, was converted into a storage post for extra provisions and to serve as extra sleeping quarters when needed. Four years after the amalgamation, a flood forced a temporary abandonment of the post, but when it was flooded again in 1830, this time a harder blow, the Company decided to move to a safer site. Between 1830 and 1832, on the grounds south of the present Legislative Building, Fort Edmonton was erected and stood there until it was dismantled in 1915. Although a new site was chosen over the site in Rossdale, the Hudson's Bay Company still retained Rossdale flat for agricultural purposes. In fact, Donald Ross leased his first farm land from the Hudson's Bay Company when he arrived in 1872. In 1824, Sir George Simpson declared Fort Edmonton the chief post for the Saskatchewan District. Fort Edmonton had become the stopping point in the continental route, where goods coming from Montreal and York Factory were transferred to pack horses which conveyed these goods across the mountains westward.

Elaine Bedford, "A Historical Geography of Settlement in the North Saskatchewan River Valley," (Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Alberta, 1976). (Hereafter cited as "Historical Geography of Settlement"). McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 42. George Heath MacDonald, Edmonton-Fort-House-Factory, (Edmonton: The Douglas Printing Co. Ltd., 1959). John J. Day, personal communication, February and March 1981 (Edmonton, Alberta).

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Painting of Fort Edmonton in 1867. First race track is seen east of the Fort. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-75.

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Credit: Map Collection, U of A., Edmonton, Alberta

R-27. Edmonton Ice Company (1899-1912)/Arctic Ice Company (1912-1978) 10001 - 97 Avenue The Edmonton Ice Company, founded in 1899 by R. Simpson, was purchased by the Arctic Ice Company in 1912, and one of the new owners was W. H. Sheppard.' The original ice building was a 1,404 square metre structure. For many years the ice houses and the office (143 Saskatchewan Avenue) stood in Rossdale, just south of 97 Avenue and 100 Street. In 1950, a modern wood frame building replaced the old structure.2 Mr. A. H. Schincke joined the business as a partner in 1905. By 1911, the company managed nine delivery teams with sixteen summer employees and twenty-five people in the ice harvesting season.3 Repairs of the wagons and horses were done at the blacksmith shop immediately north of the ice plant. The original founder, Mr. R. Simpson, married Miss Maggie Ewing in Walterdale on March 3, 1908, and the couple resided in Ross Flats.4 On December 18, 1912, the Edmonton Daily Bulletin reported the erection of Arctic Ice Company storehouses at the corner of Vermilion Avenue (106 Avenue) and Twenty-first Street (121 Street).5 Around the same time, the ice company bought warehouses at Wabamun Lake.6 Since the company's inception, ice was cut out of the frozen North Saskatchewan River, about three miles up the river from the plant, and then hauled by horse teams up the ravine for storage. When summer arrived, the ice blocks would be delivered as requested to Edmonton residents only; Strathcona was not included in the routes. Lake Wabamun also donated much of its frozen ice. This method of ice procurement ceased when the Arctic Ice Company erected an ice manufacturing plant on the old Rossdale site in 1950.7

1 Aresco Ltd., "Capital City Recreation Park", p. 245. 2 Edmonton Journal, 2 March 1978. 3 Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 4 Strathcona Plaindealer, 13 March 1908. 5 Edmonton Daily Bulletin, 18 December 1912. 6 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 52. 7 Edmonton Journal, 24 July 1950.

R-28. Edmonton Ice Company (1899-1912)/Arctic Ice Company (1912-1978) (continued) Around 1928, the Arctic Ice Company bought out its only rival company, the Twin City Ice Company.8 The Twin City Ice building was converted into a warehouse, but in 1952, the structure was demolished. The Artic Ice Company's own ice house was dismantled in 1978 and the site has remained vacant. The company was still supplying ice to the CNR as late as 1964.9

8 Henderson's Directory, 1927-1929. 9 Edmonton Journal, January 9, 1964.

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R-29. Edmonton Ice Company Lodging House/Arctic Ice Company Lodging House

(c.1904-1916) 10009 - 97 Avenue The Edmonton Ice Company/Arctic Ice Company had erected a one-and-a-halfstorey lodging house beside its plant.1 So far, information concerning this building is very elusive. Only one small fact is known about the lodging house - it existed from 1907 to 1916,2 but it was possibly built before 1907.

1 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1913. 2 Henderson's Directories, 1907-1916.

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R-30. Edmonton Inclined Railway Company and the Inclined Railway (1908-1913) In 1907, Donald Ross, Joseph Hostyn, and one or two other Edmonton citizens formed the Edmonton Inclined Railway Company for the purpose of building an inclined lift on McDougall Hill at 101 Street.1 Work began immediately to construct the funicular beside the Edmonton, Yukon & Pacific Railway station on the flat, and to build the steps trailing down McDougall Hill. The inclined railway started its first run on May 20, 1908.3 The proprietors proposed to charge 15 cents per round trip for vehicles and 5 cents for foot passengers .2 "That it will be a financial success from the start, seems well assured. The receipts the first day were about $20.00. The cost of operations is about $15.00 per day. The cost of the plant was $33,000.00."4 "Hostyn's Hoist" was described as a cross between an outdoor escalator and a San Francisco cable car.5 The railway had two decks or cages, "so that as one ascended, the other descended and to some extent helped to pull the first one up. "6 The rails were 230 feet long with a rise of 88 feet in that distance.7 It took about one minute for a one-way trip, with a maximum load of 12 Tons.8 A loaded wagon could drive right onto the deck of the cable cars. The lower station was located at the bottom beside the train station.9 Between 1908 and 1912,10 the inclined cable-cars hauled wagons, passengers, and horse teams up the steep hill; but financial loss due to its unpopularity

1 Edmonton Journal, 15 June 1965. 2 Strathcona Plaindealer, 19 May 1908. 3 Ibid., 22 May 1908. 4 Ibid. 5 Edmonton Journal, 15 June 1965. 6 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, p. 167. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. 9 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 78. 10 Edmonton Journal, 15 June 1965.

R-31.

Edmonton Inclined Railway Company and the Inclined Railway (1908-1913) (continued) With the public soon ended the lift's function.11 The trappings were removed in 1913 shortly after the construction of the High Level Bridge.12

11 MacGregor, p. 167. 12 Bedford, "Historical Geography of Settlement", p. 92.

Inclined Railway. Looking south over Ross Flats. Edmonton Hotel in left corner. Smoke from Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown CollecPower Plant in distance. tion. B9298., /101

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Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-1454.

R-32. Edmonton Woodyard (1912-1914) 9748 - 100 Street The Adolph Frederick owned the Edmonton Woodyard from 1912 to 1914.1 business was conducted in a large two-storey building behind his residence.2 In Henderson's Directories, the address of the business was the same as his home address, which was 298 Currie Street or 9748 - 100 Street. Frederick's residence was once the home of A. H. Durdle, who was ferryman for John Walter's Ferry. In 1914, Mr. Frederick passed away, leaving behind his wife Lena to look after the business, but in 1915, the Woodyard closed down. 3 Neither the house nor the Woodyard buildings are standing today.

1 Henderson's Directories, 1907-1915. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Maps of Edmonton, 1907 and 1913. 3 Henderson's Directories, 1907-1915.

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R-33.

Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway (1902-1954) The Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway was the inspiration of MacKenzie and Mann in 1899. In that year, these two prominent railway promoters purchased The Edmonton District Railway from Edmonton's Town Council and Board of Trade, who were responsible for the railway's organization in 1895. After the purchase, MacKenzie and Mann promptly changed the railway's name to the Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway. The first 4.5 miles started from a point near the C.P.R. line in Strathcona, extended into Edmonton across the new Low Level Bridge, and ended at the station near Donald Ross's Hotel at the foot of McDougall Hill.1 On October 20, 1902, after many delays caused by Strathcona citizens trying to prevent a train service to Edmonton, Locomotive 26, the first train into Edmonton, crossed the North Saskatchewan River. Several years later, MacKenzie and Mann expanded their line west of the station along the riverbank to 124 Street, then turned north-east to the C.N.R. main line near 121 Street. This extension, making the line 9.2 miles, was prompted by the arrival of the Canadian Northern from North Battleford on November 24, 1905. The E.Y.&P. line ended at the Canadian Northern station on 104 Avenue.2 For 26 years, the E.Y.&P. provided passenger service until 19283. The E.Y.&P. tracks were removed on April 30, 1954 during a ceremony attended by municipal, provincial and railway officials.4 However, traces of the old grade can still be seen along the north slope of the riverbank and in Mill Creek Ravine.5

1 Edmonton Historical Board, "Edmonton's Threatened Heritage", 1980, p. 39. 2 Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites", 1974, p. 60. 3 Aresco Ltd. "Capital City Recreation Park", 1977, Vol. II, p. 297. 4 Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites", p. 60. 5 Edmonton Historical Board, "Edmonton's Threatened Heritage", p. 39.

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R-34.

Edmonton, Yukon & Pacific Railway Station (1902-1954) Completion of the Edmonton, Yukon & Pacific Railway in the fall of 1902 opened up a direct route to Edmonton from the south side.1 People could now stay on the train, cross the river at the Low Level Bridge, and disembark at the station built by Mackenzie and Mann at the foot of McDougall Hill near Ross's Hotel and "only a few strides away from the foot of a long flight of steps leading to the upper level of the city".2 Luckily, a horse drawn bus awaited the passengers to take them up McDougall Hill.3 The station was dismantled in 1954 when the train tracks were removed.

1 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, p. 131. 2 Norman F. Priestley, "Half an Hour's Drive From Edmonton", Alberta Historical Review (1956), vol. 4, no. 4: p. 9; and McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 54; and City of Edmonton Archives, Driscoll's Map-Municipality of the Town of Edmonton, Alberta, N.W.T. First Edition, 1903. 3 Priestley, p. 9.

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R-35. Edmonton's Steamboat Landings In a few places along the river bank immediately east and west of the Low Level Bridge's north approach, there existed popular docking points for steamships, freighters, logging rafts and other river crafts which once plowed up and down the North Saskatchewan River.1 One such dock was built for a gold dredge around 1902.2 Its pilings were sunk in the bank close to the site of the original Edmonton Electric Light Company plant. A steamboat landing and a government steamboat dock, formerly well-used loading and unloading zones, docked many types of boats on the east side of the Low Level Bridge.

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", pp. 71-73. 2 Aresco Ltd., "Capital City Recreation Park", pp. 255-257 and 303-305.

MU[1]Y'S MEET INDEX RAP OF EDMONTON 1912 Credit: City of Edmonton Archives.

R-36.

Fort Mine "In 1841, (Sir George) Simpson noted that coal was being used by the blacksmith at Fort Edmonton. In 1863 J. Hector also noted that coal at the Fort was being used to the exclusion of other fuels. The Edmonton Bulletin of 1882 and 1884 notes that the H.B.Co. were taking coal from a seam directly below the Fort."'

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 22.

HUDSON'S ElAY COMPANY RESERVE

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Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, p. 9.

R-37. Fort Augustus (North West Company) (c.1802-1819) Ever on the move to locate new fur caches and to gain a closer business relationship with the parkland Crees and the prairie Bloods, the North West Company, filled with hardy and gaming men, decided to infiltrate the areas west of the Great Lakes. Their ambition, fueled by their rivalry with the Hudson's Bay Company, led to the birth of a number of trading centres along the North Saskatchewan River. Under the leadership of Angus Shaw, a small group of North-Wes ters traversed from Fort Vermilion to the confluence of the Sturgeon and the North Saskatchewan Rivers and started the construction of yet another North West Company post, Fort Augustus. Fort Augustus is believed to have been named after Frederick Augustus, Prince of Wales (afterwards George IV). This new post was completed in the fall of 1795. A year later it had a neighbor, the Hudson's Bay Company's Edmonton House. Between 1802 and 1806, the two posts (according to popular view) moved to a site near Ross' Flats (Rossdale). However, recent re-examination of the evidence leads John Day, a local historian, to believe that the second site was probably at or close to Laurier Park flat. This new revelation requires more extensive research before it can replace the contemporary belief that the two rivals had established their second posts near Rossdale. In 1804, the North West Company took over the X.Y. Company, a fur company Which had a fort somewhere in Victoria flats. Problems with the troublesome Bloods led two North West Company factors, James Hughes of Fort Augustus and Alexander Henry Jr. of Fort Vermilion, to combine their forces in a third post situated between the two existing posts. The site chosen was at the mouth of White Earth River and the new post was named Fort White Earth. With some persuasion, James Bird, then factor of Edmonton House, also abandoned the Edmonton post and moved to Fort White Earth, sharing a common stockade with the North West Company. Between 1810-1811, the two companies traded with the Indians, though business was not as prosperous as at the Edmonton site. What started out as a wise plan turned sour, for the Indians found the White Earth location inconvenient and would not take their furs there. Displeased with the new arrangement, Mr. Bird decided in 1812 to move back to the Edmonton area, and built a new trading center in the neighbourhood of the second Edmonton House. The North West Company did likewise. Both companies returned to the Edmonton area but the precise site of the forts presents a problem. The general view once again is that the site was in Rossdale and that business affairs were handled in a common stockade between 1813 and 1815. John Day, however, would have another move occurring some time after 1815 and before 1819. This is mainly because of increasing bad feelings between the two companies at this point, and they stopped the practice of sharing a common stockade.

R-38.

Fort Augustus (North West Company) (c.1802-1819) (continued) After severance with Edmonton House, the North West Company erected their last Fort Augustus in the river valley west of the present High Level Bridge in the Victoria Flats area (west of the present Municipal golf course). Rivalry between the two companies endured until their amalgamation in 1821. The North West Company joined the Hudson's Bay Company and subsequent reshuffling of the staff led to the selection of the larger Edmonton House as the Hudson's Bay Company's chief headquarters of the Saskatchewan District. Fort Augustus was reduced to a storehouse Where extra provisions and/or extra people were placed. During these periods of occupation and abandonment, the two companies still found time to plant crops near their forts. Fort Augustus grew the first recorded grain crops in Edmonton on the "flats". The crops were barley, oats, and potatoes. A flood in 1825 had forced a temporary evacuation of the occupants, but they returned after the water receded. However, a much more damaging flood in 1830 resulted in a move to higher ground. Between 1830 and 1832, Fort Edmonton was built below the present Legislative Building.

Elaine Bedford. "Historical Geography of Settlement". McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 43. George Heath MacDonald, Edmonton-Fort-House-Factory. John J. Day, personal communication, February and March 1981.

R-39.

Government Steam Boat Dock (pre-1910) Built and maintained by the Alberta Government, the Government Steam Boat Dock initially served loggers who moved their "wannigans" (river rafts) there after the great annual spring log drives up the Saskatchewan River. The landing was located slightly downstream from the Low Level Bridge on the north side of the river. Initially, the dock had an earth John constructed around 1910. loaded or deposited excursionists Government Dock, but by 1918, the

fill landing, but a wooden dock was later Walter's excursion steamboats frequently to Big Island and Clover Bar Ridge at this steamboat excursions were suspended.'

1 Aresco, Ltd., "Capital City Recreation Park", Vol. II, form #135.

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R-40. Great West Motor Company (1913-1915) 10008 - 97 Avenue The name Great West Motor Company appeared in Henderson's Directories of 1913 With George W. Poole as president, this company handled its and 1915.1 business on 10008 - 97 Avenue before it presumably closed down after 1915.

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R-41. Hudson's Bay Company Graveyard (1820-1902) and Indian Graveyard (1820Rossdale Cemetery

The two earliest cemeteries in Edmonton were the Hudson's Bay Company Graveyard and the Indian Graveyard. Both burial grounds co-existed on the west side of the present 103rd Street, south of 95th Avenue, immediately north of the 105 Street bridge. The dates of the Indian graves ranged from 1820 to 1880. The Hudson's Bay Company Graveyard also appears to have been first used at that time) When construction work began for the City Power Plant in 1902, the Hudson's Bay Company relocated their twenty-four graves in plots they purchased from the Methodist Mission.2 These plots, in the Methodist Mission Cemetery (near 101 St. and 100 Ave.), cost the company $60.00.3 Later, the graves were moved, for the last time, to the Edmonton Cemetery.4 The Indian Graveyard had over 200 graves ranging in date from 1820 to 1880.5 When city work crews plowed the land at the north end of the 105th Street Bridge for a traffic circle, they came up with many human skeletal parts and coffin pieces.6 It is possible some of the graves are still intact under this area.

1 Marie Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites". 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Edmonton Journal, 31 December 1964.

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R-42.

Hudson Bay Company Steamboat Landing Heitzmann's report states that although the exact location of the H.B.Co. steamboat dock is not known, the company did have one.' He conjectures that it was probably directly down the bank from the H.B.Co. post.

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 72.

R-43. Huff Grading Company, Ltd. (c.1903-1932)/(Gravel Crushing Plant) James Wright Huff was born at Chatham, Ontario on March 21, 1859. In 1891, he came to the Edmonton district and homesteaded on land near Fort Saskatchewan. Two years later, the Huff family joined him in Edmonton.1 In 1902, when railway development was at its busiest, Mr. Huff saw prospects in tie-making and formed an organization to carry on this work.2 Around 1903, Huff started dredging for Standard Gravel and in 1905, he established the Huff Grading Company on the riverbanks at McDougall Avenue (99 Avenue) and Curry Street (100 Street).3 It was the first industry of its kind in Alberta. Mr. Huff's business ability had made him practically the sole owner For many years, be ran the company as President and of all the stock. Manager .4 With a few teams, sand and gravel were extracted from the Saskatchewan River and delivered to various local contractors.5 Being durable, the gravel could be used in construction or pavement work. In a few short years, Mr. Huff had turned the company into the most respected gravel, sand, and crushed stone plant in Edmonton and the Northwest.6 Storage and sorting bins were erected in this plant to hold the materials before delivery. Prosperity was inevitable during the building boom in the first decade of the 20th century. As a result, the company could modernize equipment used for dredging and build new facilities to enhance efficiency. A modern dredger soon replaced the primitive machinery located on the river. While sifting sand, quite a substantial quantity of gold could be found.7 The wage roll at the Rossdale stone crushing plant amounted to $10,000 per month. In 19111 The Bulletin recorded that the operations amounted to 30,000 yards annually.6

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 11 June 1929. 2 Ibid., 2 May 1908. 3 Ibid., June 1929. 4 Edmonton Journal, Anniversary Issue, 1913, p. 128. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 8 Ibid.

R-44. Huff Grading Company, Ltd. (c.1903-1932)/(Gravel Crushing Plant) (continued) Business was initially conducted in the company's office at Eighth Street (10048 - 108 Street), but in 1928, the office was relocated to the Tegler Building (#108 - 10189 - 101 Street).9 By 1913, The Huff Grading Company had a paving plant and a stone-crushing plant on the riverbank at McDougall Avenue (99 Avenue) and Curry Street (100 Street),1Â° as well as a plant at the east end bridge, and one big plant at Onoway, forty miles west of Edmonton.11 The last plant produced large quantities of sand, crushed rocks, and gravel, which were delivered by rail to Edmonton for storage. For many years, people in the vicinity of Ross Fiats could hear and see the giant dredge working in the water, as well as the immense crushing machine on top of the bank of the Saskatchewan River. Mr. Huff passed away in June 1929 and his company probably dissolved in 1932.12 Besides being a successful businessman, Mr. Huff was a board member of the First Presbyterian Church for 21 years and a member of the Northern Alberta Old-Timers' Association.

9 Henderson's Directory, 1928. 10 city of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913. 11 Edmonton Journal, Anniversary Issue, 1913, p. 129. 12 Henderson's Directory, 1932.

Huff Grading Company, Limited under 1915 Great Flood.

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R-45.

Edmund Lieman Retail Grocery

(1906- ? )

9632 - 100 A Street (Block 4 - Lot 21) According to Edmonton's Building Permit Record of 1905-1911, Edmund Lieman took out a permit to build a dwelling on 9632 - 100 A Street in 1906.1 In 1907, be obtained another permit to construct a store at the same address. He was the architect and builder of this "retail grocery", as he would be builder and architect of his later buildings.2 In 1908, Mr. Lieman requested two permits. One was for an addition to this store and the second for a dwelling on a new location. (See Edmund Lieman Retail Grocery #2). Some time after Mr. Lieman opened up his second grocery establishment, the original building was reverted back to a dwelling. The Fire Insurance Map of 1913 shows a single storey building with a single storey addition attached to the back; however, the 1954 map has a sketch of a one-and-a-half storey square building marked as a dwelling.3 The house no longer stands on its lot today.

1 City of Edmonton Archives; City of Edmonton Building Permits 1905-1927; and Henderson's Directories, 1905-1980. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, City of Edmonton Building Permits 1905-1927. 3 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913 and 1954.

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R-46.

Edmund Lien Retail Grocery 12 (1911)/Renas and Shntz Grocery (1911 -1912)/Renas Grocery (1912-1914)/RIseley and Company Meat Market and Grocery Store (1914-c.1935) Pioneer Cash Store (c.1936-1957)/Moonlight ) Grocery Store (1967-1983) The Leather Shoppe (198410029 - 97 Avenue Edmund Leiman's second retail grocery was initially a house built on the southwest corner of Donald Street (100 A Street) and Saskatchewan Avenue (97 Avenue).1 The Building Permit Record shows that in 1908, Edmund Lieman applied for a permit to make a residence at the above address.2 In 1911, a permit was granted to Lieman to raise the roof of the previous one-storey structure to become a two-storey building.3 The second storey was divided up into seven apartments. Prior to 1912, Renas and Edmund Lieman operated the store until 1911.4 Shultz took over the business, but a year later Renas bought out Shultz. In 1914, Riseley and Company purchased the store and changed it to Riseley & Co. - Meat Market, Groceries and Provisions.5 Basset Riseley operated this small grocery until the mid 1930's, When he took on a partner and started The Pioneer Cash Store which was open until 1957.Â° The property changed owners frequently until 1965, when the City of Edmonton bought the site, and rented the building to corner store operators.7 In 1967, The Moonlight Grocery was established, and so it remained (under various owners) until 1983.8 The store presently houses The "Leather Shoppe". The original structure was of frame, but some time in the past, stucco had been added to the exterior of the building.

1 City of Edmonton Archives, and Provincial Archives of Alberta Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1907, 1913, and 1954. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, City of Edmonton Building Permits 1905-1927. 3 Ibid. 4 Henderson's Directories, 1909-1914. 5 Ibid; and City of Edmonton Archives, Photo Collection, EA-25-35. 6 Henderson's Directories, 1920-1958 and City of Edmonton Parks and Recreation Land Inventory file. 7 Certificate of title 121B214 and Henderson's Directories, 1965-1967. 8 Henderson's Directories, 1966-1985

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Credit: City of Edmonton Archives EA 25 35 , 191S-.

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Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. A1081F.

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Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1954 (revised to 1959).

R-47.

Little Flower School (Catholic School) (1929Originally at 10106 - 97 Avenue Now on 102 Street and 96 Avenue The first identifiable Catholic school in Rossdale was the Little Flower School. A one-room school house purchased from the Red Deer School Board by the Edmonton Separate School Board in 1929, it was later moved to Edmonton.i Sister Verna was the first teacher,2 and classes were held here for nearly forty years, across the street from the present Donald Ross School. When the City built the MacDonald Freeway in 1969, the building was moved to the present site, which is between Renfrew Park and Ross Flat Apartments. The last class was held on June 24, 1971.3 Subsequently used by the City of Edmonton, Parks and Recreation Department for special programmes, this building is presently used as a hall for Rossdale Community projects.

1 Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites", p. 82. 2 The University Practicum, "Inner City River Valley Land Use: Edmonton" (Department of Extension, University of Alberta, 1975), pp. 8-9. (Hereafter cited as "Inner City River Valley"). 3 Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites", p. 82.

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Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. A1081F. 8

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Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1954 (revised to 1959).

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R-48. A. MacDougall Grocery (1913-1915) 10032 - 97 Avenue Adjacent to the Pioneer Meat Company, sharing the same building, was the Alex MacDougall Grocery.1 The structure for the twin businesses was constructed around 1913 on Saskatchewan Avenue (97 Avenue) and Donald Street (100 A Street).2 The business lasted only two years and did not reappear after 1915. Subsequent Henderson's Directories listed this address as vacant. The building was probably destroyed the same year as the Pioneer Meat Company (see write up on the latter).

1 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913. 2 Henderson's Directories, 1912-1916.

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R-49. Model Rooms (Rooming House) (1916-1972) 9647 - 101 Street Mrs. Annie Burnett was the original owner of Model Rooms, a rooming house on 9647 - 101 Street.1 The building did not appear in Henderson's Directory until 1916.2 In 1917, Martin Bredstan became the proprietor of the place.i This building went through a series of name and ownership changes before it was torn down in 1972. It stayed as Model Rooms despite the various owners from 1916 to 1942. From 1942 to 1971, the building was an apartment house, known as Watt It had two Apartments until 1949, and Whiteley Apartments until 1954. subsequent owners until it was torn down in 1972.4

1 Henderson's Directory, 1916; and City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913. 2 Henderson's Directories, 1915-1916. 3 Ibid., 1917. 4 Ibid., 1915-1972.

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Northern Cartage Company Barn (1914-1915) 9824 - 100 Street In 1910, F. Mullen established the Northern Cartage and Express Co. Ltd. at The company advertised itself as a draying and 10044 McDougall Avenue.' transfer, furniture moving, baggage express and freight company.2 In 1914, the company built a barn at Ross Flats (9824 - 100 Street) and Hugh McAfee was the Managing Director.3 A year later, the barn became the I.X.L. Feed and Sales Stables,4 and Bert Silverman was the proprietor. In 1916, however, the I.X.L. Feed and Sales Stables and the address were absent from Henderson's Directory.5

1 Nineteen Hundred and Ten, (Edmonton: 1910). 2 Ibid. 3 Henderson's Directory, 1914. 4 Ibid., 1915. 5 Ibid., 1916.

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Credit: City of Edmonton Arch4.N/ s. EA-25-37. r •

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R-51. Northwest Oil and Gas Company (1904) On October 3, 1904, the Northwest Oil and Gas Company began prospecting operations, under the supervision of A. W. Dingman, manager of the plant.1 The site selected was on the river flat, one block southeast of the exhibition grounds in Rossdale. A month later (November 7) the Northwest Oil and Gas Company reached a depth of 135 feet in their operations, and marsh gas was struck.2 This is the sum of the information available on the Northwest Oil & Gas Company thus far.

1 Edmonton Journal, 30 October 1904. 2 ibid., 7 November 1904.

â&#x20AC;˘1. 11

.Ititataarr Gas boring on Ross Flats was the description on the back of this photograph. It was probably the drilling rig of the Northwest Oil and Gas Company when it drilled in the neighborhood in 1904. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. B1074.

R-52. The Old McKay Avenue School (18819647 - 100 Street The Edmonton Settlement School, commonly known as the Old McKay Avenue School, is the first schoolhouse built outside of Fort Edmonton, and the oldest wood frame building in the city. Built in 1881 on land donated by the Hudson's Bay Company on 104 Street and 99 Avenue, it was the first publicly financed school in the North West Territories.' Originally known as the Edmonton Settlement School, in 1885 it was renamed Edmonton Public School 17 because it was the seventh Protestant school established in the North West Territories. Constructed by Frank Oliver and John McDonald for a cost of $968, the school was financed by voluntary subscription for three years. On December 17, 1881, the new schoolhouse was handed over to the trustees. Of the $968, $395 was borrowed in lumber from J. Norris on a one year repayment agreement.2 McKay Avenue School, the name given to the original schoolhouse and the present brick school, commemorates a great pioneer, Dr. W. M. MacKay. Dr. MacKay, employed by the Hudson's Bay Company, was for 34 years the only doctor from Hudson's Bay to the Rockies. In 1898, he "retired" in Edmonton but soon established a practice here.3 The one-storey structure measured 24' x 30' with a 10' ceiling. In the building's construction, siding was put on vertically and the joints were covered with batten. Sawdust was used as insulation. A fence seven feet high surrounded the school grounds to prevent students from playing in the grounds after school hours.4 In 1885, the school came under the control of the Education Department of the North West Territories. In the same year, a second room was added to the original frame building, and in 1891, a third roan was added to the second addition. The 1885 and 1891 additions were moved to 104th Street and 102nd Avenue and housed the Moulds Standard Plumbing Shop.5 The shop was torn down for the Revillon Building.6

1 Edmonton Historical Board, Edmonton's Lost Heritage, 1980, p. 37. 2 J. Gordon Sinclair, "Sixty-Five Years Young", The Story of McKay Avenue School, 1946, p. 2. 3 Ibid., p. 4. 4 Ibid., pp. 2, 3. 5 Ibid., pp. 4, 5. 6 Edmonton Journal, January 14, 1974, and December 7, 1978.

R-53.

The Old McKay Avenue School (1881-

) (continued)

In 1904, the brick McKay Avenue School was built on the original Settlement School site, and the old school was moved to the west end of the school grounds. Two years later, the original wooden structure was moved to Rossdale Flats, but before the 1915 Flood, was moved to 9647 - 100 Street. It was a privately owned residence at this site from 1915 to 1980, occupied since 1920 by Mrs. Mawhinny.7 After her death in 1979, the building remained vacant until 1982 when the building was moved to its original site at 10425 99 Avenue (site of the 1904 McKay Avenue School). It was restored to its 1881 state by the Edmonton Public School Board in 1982 as part of the School Board's centenary activities. The restored 1881 school was granted Provincial Historic Site status by Alberta Culture in 1983.8

7 Edmonton Journal, n.d. and December 27, 1979 and Sinclair, p. 5 8 Edmonton Parks and Recreation, General files, McKay Avenue School file and City of Edmonton Archives McKay Avenue School file.

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! Old McKay Avenue School. 1887.

Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. B3888.

Old McKay Avenue School in Ross Flats. It is the first house from the left. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-882.

Edmonton River Flood 1915

Credit: City of Edmonton Archives EA 10 882

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R-54. Ortona Armoury Hudson Bay Company Barn (1914-1924)/Edmonton Pure Butter Co. (1924-1926)/ HNCS NONSUCH Naval Reserve (1939 -1965)/Ortona Armoury (1965-1977) 9722 - 102 Street The present Ortona Armoury in Rossdale was originally built in 1914 by the Hudson Bay Store as a horse barn to stable the Bay's horses used for deliveries) However, when the company adopted automobiles, the horse stable was abandoned. The Edmonton Pure Butter Company leased the building for WO years, from May 17, 1924.2 In 1939, the building was sold to the Department of National Defence to bold the small Naval Reserve Division - the cost of the whole property was an incredible $1.00.3 The Division called themselves the HMCS NONSUCH in honour of the 1669 Ketch "Nonsuch", which played a big part in the Hudson's Bay Company fur trade. Until the 1960's the Coat of Arms of the Hudson's Bay Company could be seen on the cornice over the main door, but natural elements had made it unsafe, so it was removed and an entire new cornice was erected.4 By 1943, a large drill hall and rifle range had been erected to expand naval training facilities .5 Early in 1965, the place was renovated and renamed the Ortona Armoury, in honour of the winning battle gallantly fought by the Loyal Edmontonians in Ortona, Italy during Word War II. The buildings remained as a Militia Armoury until 1977, when the Armoury was turned over to the Commonwealth Games Association.6

1 Edmonton Journal, 13 September 1979. Edmonton Archives). 2 Edmonton Bulletin, 10 May 1926. 3 Edmonton Journal, 8 March 1965. 4 Ibid., 8 March 1965. 5 Ibid., 8 May 1943. 6 Ibid., 26 May 1977.

(Ortona Armoury File - City of

R-55.

Ortona Armoury (continued) In 1979, Gym-Fit obtained a one-year lease on the site.7 The building is presently used as the site office of the Rossdale Community League.

7 Ibid., 13 September 1979.

The 1915 Flood:

Rossdale from McDougall Hill

Credit: City of Edmonton Archives EA 25 18

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Source: Charles. E. Goad's Insurance Map Of Edmonton 1954 (revised to 1959). -

R-56. Pioneer Meat Company (1913-1950)

10030 - 97 Avenue In 1913, the Pioneer Meat Company opened up in the building occupied by A. MacDougall Grocery, but with a separate entrance.' Frank McDonald was the manager of this meat market, but it was short-lived, since the market was reported vacant by Henderson's Directory in 1914.2 In 1915, however, this building became the home of Edward Cools, who resided here until 1916.3 Between 1917-1919, the building remained vacant, but from 1920 to 1921, it was home of the Bijou Confectionery.4 From 1922-1926, the building was again vacant.5 The building's most enduring business was owned by Theologos H. Pappas, Who purchased the confectionery in 1926 and ran the business until 1945.6 Mr. Pappas' Confectionery was "....allegedly the source of the city's best homemade candy".7 From the store, Mr. Pappas only had to walk a short distance before he reached his home on 100 Street and 98 Avenue. The house at 9832 - 100 Street is still standing today. In 1946, Mr. L. B. Stenson converted the confectionary building into Stenson Lunch; a venture which lasted until 1949.8 The building was probably demolished in 1950.

1 city of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Maps of 1907, 1913, 1954. 2 Henderson's Directories, 1912-1951. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 The University Practicum, "Inner City River Valley", p. 9. 8 Henderson's Directories, 1945-1950.

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R-57. Race Track and Exhibition Grounds (1902-1910) Edmonton's first race track and exhibition grounds were located north of Jasper Avenue in the vicinity of 105th Street, on the east part of the Hudson's Bay Company Reserve. The Edmonton Agricultural Society was formed in 1879 and subsequently held their first fair at the fort.1 As early as 1840, Hudson's Bay Company employees and their families found pleasure in the half mile race track John Rowand's men had built east of the fort. Around 1890, the Edmonton Agricultural Fair was moved eastward along Jasper Avenue and established on what is now 97th Street.2 In the early part of the 1900's, the fair moved once again; this time the race track and fairgrounds were placed where Eaton's warehouse used to be, between 102 and 103 Streets and 103 and 104 Avenues.3 In 1900, the exhibition was incorporated as the Edmonton Industrial Exhibition.4 About 1902, the Edmonton Industrial Exhibition moved a third time. It was moved down McDougall Hill and located on the site of the present Renfrew Ball Park.5 This section of land was purchased by a joint stock company in 1900, but the City bought the grounds for $60,000 in 1907.6 They erected a covered grandstand, a big race track, and an infield sports area. The Ringling Brothers Circus arrived annually to entertain the citizens. The Edmonton, Yukon & Pacific Railway tracks located a block or two away ensured the circus' yearly return. Between the Rossdale exhibition grounds and the Hudson's Bay Company fort there were open grounds. At fair time, Indians camped on these grounds, sometimes entertaining audiences with their horsemanship.7 The fairgrounds were bounded on the west by stock barns, with the power plant site to the south, and a fence marking the northern boundary.

1 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, p. 90. 2 Edmonton Journal, 23 July 1960. 3 City of Edmonton Archives, Cherry Collection, p. 5 4 Edmonton Journal, 30 June 1967. 5 Ibid., 10 July 1953. 6 Ibid., Anniversary Issue, 1913, p. 170. 7 Ibid., 23 July 1960.

R-58. Race Track and Exhibition Grounds (1902-1910) (continued) On September 1, 1905, Alberta became a province. Proud citizens gathered in Ross Flats fairgrounds to participate in the inauguration ceremonies; guests of honour were Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Earl Grey, and Sir Gilbert Park. In 1908, the Edmonton Industrial Exhibition became the Edmonton Exhibition Association.8 Two years later the fairgrounds moved, for the last time, to the present Northlands Exhibition Grounds in the Highlands area.

8 Edmonton Journal, 30 June 1967.

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Edmonton Fair Grounds in Ross Flats 1903 Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Ernest Brown Collection B8770

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R-59. Renfrew Park (c.1910 95 Avenue and 104 Street On October 9, 1923, the new Renfrew soccer-football field was officially opened, named in honour of the Prince of Wales' 1923 visit to Alberta, despite his non-appearance in Edmonton. (The Prince, who was to become King Edward VIII in 1936, had several titles, including Lord Renfrew, the name he used in his North American travels).1 The field, formerly known as "Ross Flats Football Grounds" was a soccer-pitch, or football and soccer field used primarily by the Edmonton District Football Association.2 In view of the fact that the park is now situated at the north-west corner of What was once the Edmonton Industrial Grounds, it is possible that the Ross Flat Football Grounds became a reality only after the Industrial Grounds were relocated up the river bank in 1910.Â° In 1933, H. J. Roche and a group of trustees, under a lease with an option to purchase agreement with the City, rebuilt the field and established Renfrew Park as a baseball park.4 A contest to rename the newly opened baseball stadium was won by a young Edmonton boy Who named it "Renfrew Baseball Park".5 The trustees rented the stadium to baseball clubs from 1933 to 1938 but in March 1941, Mr. Roche surrendered the lease to the City, Which paid him $3,000. The City continued leasing the park to baseball organizations.6 In 1946, John Ducey, John Beatty and Riley Mullen took over Renfrew and organized a three-team semi-pro league.7 FloodliOts were installed at Renfrew July 22, 1947 and night games were possible.Â° In August 1950, the

1 Edmonton Journal and Edmonton Bulletin, 9 October 1923, and Tony Cashman, The Edmonton Story, 1956, pp. 242-243. 2 Edmonton Journal, 15 September 1983. 3 Henderson's Directories, 1911-1924. 4 City of Edmonton Archives "Report on the History and Development of Renfrew Baseball Park" C.S. Campbell, 1937 in Parks and Recreation Facilities File. 5 Edmonton Journal, 23 May 1933. 6 Edmonton Bulletin, 4 March 1941. 7 Edmonton Journal, 1 September 1955. 8 Edmonton Bulletin, 22 July 1947.

R-60.

Renfrew Park (c.1910 -

) (continued)

grandstand was destroyed by fire,9 but a new one was built in 1955. In 1957, the old third base bleachers were condemned, torn down and replaced by steel frame bleachers taken from Clarke Stadium. 10 Pro baseball declined in the 1960's and the park was used for amateur leagues in the 60's and 70's. Professional baseball returned to Edmonton when Renfrew Park became home of the Edmonton Trappers of the Pacific Coast League in 1981, the same year the park underwent major renovations.11 On March 14, 1984, Renfrew's name changed to John Ducey Park in honour of "Mr. Baseball", John Ducey, a long-time Edmonton baseball promoter, umpire, and player who died in September, 1983.12

9 Edmonton Journal, 20 January 1951. 10 "History of Some of Our Older Buildings", Parks and Recreation file, n.d., City of Edmonton Archives. 11 Ibid., 21 April 1981. 12 Ibid., 14 March 1984.

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R-61. Donald Ross Coal Mine (1881-c.1894) Donald Ross, one of Edmonton's most prominent hotel men, opened his first Edmonton coal mine in 1881.1 It was located on the high banks of the river south of Jasper Avenue between 96 and 97 Streets. The mine was probably abandoned in or prior to 1894, as in 1894 the School Board built its first high school on top of Ross' coal mine.2 unfortunately, the mine shaft collapsed and seriously damaged the brick school, and the school was subsequently torn down.

1 City of Edmonton Archives, Cherry Collection, p. 40. 2 Cashman, The Best Edmonton Stories, p. 97.

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Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, P. 9.

R-62.

Donald Ross Elementary School (1912 -

)

10125 - 97 Avenue A two-and-a-half storey brick building was erected on the corner of 97 Avenue and 101 Street and opened for regular classes in 1912. The school was named Donald Ross School in honour of the first resident and businessman in Ross Fiats. The school continues to bear this name. The first floor has two classrooms, the principal's office, and a large open assembly area on the main floor. The second floor has three more classrooms, an infirmary, teachers' room, a spacious hallway, and a cloakroom in each classroom.' The entire school was completely remodelled in 1963; linoleum replaced old hardwood floors; acoustic stucco was placed on the high ceilings; new blackboards were put in; the school was repainted; a new ventilator heating system was installed; and lighting was improved.2 It still stands in its original location, but is fronted by one of the City's busiest thoroughfares - the James MacDonald Bridge. To make room for the freeway, many families were moved from the area, thus, the school experienced a considerable drop in student enrollment. As a result, the school held its last day of classes on June 21, 1974.3 In 1975, the Commonwealth Games Association occupied the schoolhouse. The Association renovated the whole school for about $80,000.4 In 1977, they added six portable buildings.5 The school is presently used as Edmonton Parks and Recreation's Outdoor Recreation and Interpretive Services headquarters.

Edmonton Journal, 2 June 1967. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid., 21 June 1974. 4 Ibid., 9 October 1975. 5 Ibid., 13 August 1977.

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R-63. Ross Flat Apartments (1911 Children's Shelter (1911 -1925)/Salvation Army Grace Hospital (1925-1942) /Little America Transit Hotel (194271944)/Ross Flit Apartments (1944). 9540 - 101 Street In 1911, the City of Edmonton undertook the responsibility of constructing a new and much larger home for neglected and homeless children since the existing children's shelter in the east end of the City (47 Cameron Street) was too small. James Henderson was the architect of the new shelter at the corner of 101st Street and 95th Avenue. It was called the Children's Shelter and it cost the City $30,000.1 Both the Daily Capito12 and the Edmonton Bulletin3 diplomatically commented that even though the building's architectural design fell short in aesthetic quality, the building itself more than adequately fulfilled its main intent comfort. Today, the building's architectural style is unique in Edmonton. The Children's Shelter is a three-and-one-half storey red brick, steel-framed structure with wooden balconies across each flat on the north and south faces of the building. A cow stable once stood near the main building. An addition was built in 1914; a one-storey boys' dormitory at a cost of $1,200.4 On May 1,1 1925, the Edmonton Bulletin announced the closure of the Children's Shelter.D The children went to live in a new shelter located at 10759 - 98 Street.6 Shortly after, the City leased the building to the Salvation Army at an annual rental fee of $1.00 and a five-year renewal contract. The Salvation Army operated it as the Grace Hospital.

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 1 May 1925. 2 Edmonton Daily Capitol, 21 August 1911. 3 Edmonton Daily Bulletin, 11 April 1912. 4 Edmonton Bulletin, 3 June 1914. 5 Ibid., 1 May 1925. 6 Ibid.

R-64. Ross Flat Apartments (1911 -

) (continued)

From 1942 to 1944, the building housed American servicemen and was renamed Since 1944, it has been an apartment the Little America Transit Hote1.7 building with twelve suites, known as the Ross Flat Apartments.

7 Edmonton Journal, 3 August 1978.

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R-65.

Ross Fiats School/Donald Ross School (1908) In 1907, Edmonton School District No. 7 purchased four lots of land in Ross Flats from the Hudson's Bay Company for the purpose of erecting another city schoo1.1 The school land cost the City $2,200. On November 30, 1907, Edmonton Saturday News announced that a two room school would be opened at the beginning of the year on Ross Flats.2 The paper must have been referring to the Ross Flats School, even though later issues in both the Saturday News and the Edmonton Bulletin failed to mention this school again. In its 1908 issue, Henderson's Directory listed the school as Donald Ross School. This was the only recording of a school by this name until the present brick Donald Ross School was erected in 1912.3 The two-storey frame school house, though not in existence today, was photographed by Ernest Brown, who labelled the photograph, "Ross Flats School".4 Information printed on the back of this photo stated the school was named after Donald Ross and the photo was taken in May 1908. Further details on the school are not available at present.

1 Edmonton Journal, 1907-1908. 2 Edmonton Saturday News, 30 November 1907. 3 Henderson's Directories, 1905-1912. 4 Provincial Archives of Alberta, E. Brown Collection, No. B3880.

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R-66. Rossdale Block (1913 10018 - 97 Avenue (formerly 10020 - 97 Avenue) With the aid of Henderson's Directory, it was possible to piece together some of the Rossdale Block's history.1 When constructed, the building was apparently used as a single family residence and the address was 10020 - 97 Avenue.2 In 1955, Rossdale Block was created and contained ten suites. The address of Rossdale Block was (and still is), 10018 - 97 Avenue, sharing the building with Rossdale Grocery. Curiously enough, prior to Rossdale Block, a series of suites were listed under the Rossdale Grocery address, but when Rossdale Block appeared, these suites disappeared. It is most likely that Rossdale Block was a union of the old private residence and Rossdale Grocery. The building at present is a two-story, stuccoed apartment block.

1 Henderson's Directories, 1913-1956. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Maps of Edmonton 1907, 1913 and 1954.

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R-67. Rossdale Grocery and Confectionery/Valley Bike Rental and Repairs (19139701 - 100A Street The building standing on 9701 - 100A Street, was constructed around 1913 and the first occupant was Mrs. James Burnett, who was probably the owner.lin 1915, the place was occupied by William McLean, but a year later it was registered in Henderson's Directory as vacant.2 The building remained vacant until James J. Anderson purchased the property in 1920 and proceeded to turn it into a confectionery and private home. Two years later, George A. Kinnell acquired and continued the business. In the 1922 Henderson's Directory, four suites were also listed under 9701. In 1932, the grocery was taken over by Mrs. Florence Berchell. Through the years, the grocery business was usually named after the respective owner, but in 1944, it was called Rossdale Grocery, and the word "confectionery" was tagged onto that name in 1961.3 At present, this building is the home of Valley Bike Repairs and Rental Shop. During the Great Flood of 1915, the grocery store was photographed, showing a two-storey clapboard frame building with a corner store entrance and an eastfacing side entrance (probably to the living quarters).4 Some time in the past, the building had been totally stuccoed and some of the exterior architectural details altered. Appearing as part of the complex is the present Rossdale Block.

1 Henderson's Directories, 1912-1981. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 City of Edmonton Archives, Photograph Collection, EA-25-39.

Rossdale Grocery and Confectionery. 1915 Flood. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-25-39.

North side of 97 Avenue during the Flood

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Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1913 (revised to 1914).

R-68.

Rossdale Power and Water Treatment Plant (1904 102 Street and 96 Avenue With increasing immigration and new industries in Edmonton, the old electric light station became inadequate for a city which was expanding everywhere. In answer to this heavy pressure on the small station, the city decided to erect a new and much larger plant in 1904.1 The chosen site was at the south end of Rossdale, and the plant, though much altered and much larger than the original version, is still in operation today. When the City of Strathcona and the City of Edmonton amalgamated in 1912, this power plant replaced the service of Strathcona's own electric plant, Which was located on the opposite bank. On May 13, 1908, the Edmonton Bulletin printed the intention of the E.Y. & P. to run a spur line to the "power house and the new mill of John Walter on the north side of the river.0-4. The spur was to branch off from the main track near its intersection at 102 Street and would run down along the side of the exhibition grounds, passing around the power plant to the South, then continuing to Walter's mill. A branch would also run to the site of the new gas producer so that gas, and also coal, could be shipped to the power house. By 1951, the City-owned power plant and waterworks had nearly doubled its capacity in five years and then doubled it once more by 1956 to reach a size By the of 120,000 KW, making it one of Canada's largest steam plants. 1950's, the plant burned gas instead of coal.3

Aresco Ltd., "Capital City Recreation Park", p. 56.

2 Edmonton Bulletin, 13 May 1908. 3

J. G. MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, pp. 289, 290.

MUNICIPALITY OF THE TOWN OF EDMONTON 4 )._ cistessâ&#x20AC;&#x17E;,44,

ALBERTA, N.W.T. compiled by: A. Driscoll Edmonton 1/5/03

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Credit: Nap Collection, U. of A., Edmonton, Alberta

Edmonton Fair Grounds in Ross Flats 1903 and Electric Power Plant Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Ernest Brown Collection 88770

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Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. A1082A.

R-69. Saskatchewan Avenue School (1912-1913) In Henderson's Directory of 1912 and 1913 the name Saskatchewan Avenue School appeared. The address is given as the corner of First Street (101 'Street) and Saskatchewan Avenue (97 Avenue); and it is described as a two-room schoolhouse.1 The school most likely closed down When the Donald Ross School opened in 1913. Henderson's Directory of 1913 gave the newly built Donald Ross School the same address as the Saskatchewan Avenue School, hence, it is possible the new school was built on the site of the old school building. Mrs. T. A. Mawhinney of Rossdale remembered a playschool in a small wooden school building across the road from the newly opened Donald Ross Schoo1.2 Mrs. Mawhinney may have been referring to the Saskatchewan Avenue School or the Little Flower School.

1 Henderson's Directories, 1912 and 1913; and Simonton Journal, 1912. 2 Edmonton Journal, 21 June 1974.

R-70. St. Theresa Roman Catholic Church (1945-1969) 9709 - 102 Street A small church built in 1945, St. Theresa's was situated across 97 Avenue from Donald Ross School, near the Little Flower School. It was demolished in 1969 for the MacDonald Freeway.'

1 Henderson's Directory, 1945; and The University Practicum, "Inner City River Valley" pp. 12-13.

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R-71.

Twin City Ice Company (1912-1928) 9806 - 100 Street Across the street from City Flour Mill, on the west side of 100th Street, was the ice plant of the Twin City Ice Company. The building, completed in August of 1912, became the largest ice house in Edmonton. Even the oldest establishment, the Arctic Ice Company, could not match its size.1 Through the years of its operation, the Twin City Ice Company had proved itself a worthy opponent to the Arctic Ice Company in the purity and cleanliness of its ice blocks sold all over Alberta. Competitive spirit came to an end When the Arctic Ice Company bought the Twin City Ice Company in 1928 and converted the building into a warehouse.2 The structure was destroyed in 1952.

1 Edmonton Journal, 23 April 1963. 2 Henderson Directories, 1907-1930.

100 Street during the Flood, showing the City Flour Mill and the Twin City Ice Co. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives EA-25-24, 191S

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R-72. John Walter's Ferry Landings (1881-1913) In 1876, John Walter operated the first cross-river transportation in Edmonton.' With a scow he had fashioned himself, he rowed passengers from a spot near his first house in Walterdale, to the north bank, near the bottom end of the road to Fort Edmonton. A few years later (1881), he replaced the scow with a cable ferry. The cable was stretched across the river, a little upstream from the present 105th Street Bridge from Walterdale to Rossdale.L His cable ferry, "Belle of Edmonton", was the first of its kind west of Winnipeg.3 For a dime, man or beast could cross the river oared by Walter himself.4 Business prospered for three decades or more. However, the completion of the High Level Bridge in 1913 meant the end of the ferry.

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 72.

Devore, The History of Walterdale (Edmonton: n.p., 1956), p. 6.

Edmonton Journal, 27 October 1962.

Ibid.

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R-73.

John Walter's Northside Sawmill (1907-1915) In 1906, Edmonton City Council granted John Walter permission to lease the land between Walsh (94 Avenue) and First Street (101 Street) north of the river for $10.00 per annum on condition that Walter use it for mill purposes . 1 The increasing market for lumber proved to be more than one lumbermill could handle so Walter decided to expand his business on the Edmonton side (in Rossdale), because of the ready market. He then operated two mills - the first one in Wal te rda le , Strathcona, and the second one in Rossdale, Edmonton. To ease feelings of trepidation by the citizens of Edmonto that the new sawmill would be an extension of the Strathcona Sawmill, John Walter told The Bulletin on October 3, 1906 that "the Edmonton Mill is to be an institution, separate altogether from the Strathcona Mill. I will employ from 70 to 100 men and they will live in Edmonton."2 In 1907, the new sawmill announced its start. The Mill's prosperity, however, came to an end at the Flood of 1915.3 Financially and materially damaged by the flood, John Walter could not afford to reopen either one of his mills. Presently, the site is now the City's Firemen Training Centre.

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 3 October 1906. 2 Ibid. 3 Edmonton Journal, 31 December 1964.

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R-74. John Walter's Steamboat Landing John Walter's steamboat "City of Edmonton" had at one time picked up and discharged fares on the north bank of the river near the Low Level Bridge.1 The steamboat would take them to Big Island, where John Walter had built a debarking pier. Besides this spot at the Low Level Bridge, John Walter also had other landing spots near the High Level Bridge and Laurier Park.

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 71; and Edmonton Journal, 18 October 1962.

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R-75. Wolfe & Hine (Taxidermy Workshop ) (1913-c.1960) 9601 - 100 Street Two taxidermists with a business on 10164 - 102 Street opened a workshop in Ross Flats around 1913. William Wolfe and Ashley Hine were the proprietors. The building was prob:ably demolished around 1960, a presumption extrapolated from Henderson's Directory, which shows the site to be vacant in 1960.

1 Henderson Directories, 1913-1960. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913. 3 City of Edmonton Archives, Wolfe & Hine File.

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Wolfe and Hine Taxiderm St Workshop is the last building on the right side of the photograph. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-882. Ill&

etevezpne

- 10 SITE INDEX CLOVERDALE Bennett School (1913-

PAGE

C-1.

)

William Bird's Grist Mill (1872-c.1878)

C-2.-3.

Brewery (1894-1895)

C-4.

Cameron House Hotel (pre-1889- ? )

C-5.

Clover Bar Rooms and Clover Bar Cafe (?

-1968)

C-6.

Covent Garden Market Garden (1911-1913)

C-7.

Crown Sand & Gravel Company, Ltd. (1916-1919)

C-8.

Edmonton City Dairy (1906-1933)

C-9.-10.

Edmonton Lumber Company (1905-1915)

C-11.

Edmonton Meat Market Plant (?

-c.1916)

C-12.

Edmonton Pressed Brick Company Ltd./P. Anderson & Company Brick Manufacturing Yards (1900-1914 & 1922-1932)

C-13.-15.

Fulton Meat Market (1913-1916)

C-16.

Gallagher Flats School (R.C.) (1913-1916)

C-17.

Gallagher-Hull Meat Packing Company Plant (1902-

)

C-18.-19.

Grady Cast Stone Company, Limited (1912-1916)

C-20.

Hardstone Brick Company Limited (1912-1919)

C-21.

Low Level Bridge (1900-

C-22.

)

Moore-Ross Mine (1880-1883)

C-23.

Pressed Brick Ltd. (1907-1912)

C-24.

Riverside School (c.1910-1913)

C-25.

Alex Ross Mine (1883)

C-26.

D. Ross Mine (c.1880)

C-27.

St. Barnabas Church (Anglican) (1915-1948)

C-28.

Steamboat Landing John Walter's Second Ferry (Lower Ferry) (1883-1901)

C-29. C-30.

C-1. Bennett School (1913-

)

9703 - 94 Street Between Kenyon and Ottawa Streets (94 and 93 Streets) a four-roomed brick building was opened for classes on April, 1913. In honour of the first Mayor of Strathcona, this school in Cloverdale was named Thomas Bennett School. Before the completion of Bennett School, the children in Cloverdale attended school in a private home, behind the former site of the Edmonton City Dairy.1 Mr. Ed Bell was the first principal of the new brick schoolhouse.2 In 1914, Miss A. J. McDonald was recorded in Henderson's Directory as the school's principal. When the school opened, there was no indoor plumbing.3 In the 1920's and 1930's, the school was known for its hockey, baseball and soccer teams. Transportation developments on the southern end of the Low Level Bridge removed many of the houses with school age students.4 School enrollment dropped, despite extensive repair work on the building in 1967. The school was closed in 1973. After its closure, the Commonwealth Games Association leased Bennett School in 1973 and in 1974, the Alberta Government leased it to house staff for the Capital City Recreation Park Project.5 The Edmonton Journal, May 9, 1980, announced that the public school board had approved an addition and renovations in Bennett School for an outdoor environmental education centre.6 Today, Bennett School is called the "Bennett Environmental Education Centre".

City of Edmonton Archives, Letter from Ed Bell to the Principal of Bennett School - February 9, 1963, Bennett School File. (Hereafter cited as "Letter from Ed Bell").

Henderson's Directory, 1914.

Edmonton Bulletin, 20 September 1912.

Edmonton Journal, 10 September 1974.

Ibid.

Ibid., 9 May 1980.

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Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1954 (revised to 1959).

C-2. Willias Bird's Grist Mill (1872-c.1878) In 1872, William Bird, a Hudson's Bay Company employee and a descendant of one time Fort Edmonton factor, J. B. Bird, was chosen by the Company to establish and operate a water-powered grist mill on the east side of what was later named Mill Creek at Gallagher Flats) The 1872 Edmonton Post Journal2 recorded that on April 8, 1872, ...Bird [was] picking mill stones....". Five months later, the Post Journal recorded that "...Millrights commenced work today". Presumably, this meant work on the Mill House; for on September 27, an insert in the Post â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Journal reported From the Post the dispatch of boards "for Mill House being assembled". Journal of the following xear, it was found that the Mill House was completed late 1873 and early 1874.i Since the opening of the Mill in 1873-1874, William Bird fought hard to keep the flour mill in business; but three years later, he had to admit defeat to a creek which seldom had sufficient water to turn the mill whee1.4 In 1878, Bird willingly gave up the battle of using water power and converted to a tread mill worked by a horse; but the latter method was also a failure.5 In a private interview, Bird's daughter, Flora (Calder), revealed that he also had a grist mill for grinding feed.6 While Bird worked as a miller, he acquired the flat east of the creek for farming.7

1 J. G. MacGregor, Edmonton: A History.

(Edmonton:

Hurtig Publishers,

1967), p. 84. 2 Hudson's Bay Company Archives B/60/a/38, Edmonton Post Journal. 3 Hudson's Bay Company Archives B/60/a/39, Edmonton Post Journal. 4 Ruth McConnell, John Priegert and Roderick J. Heitmann, "North Inventory and Analysis, Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System: Archaeological and Historical Sites" (Edmonton, Parks and Recreation, 1980), p. 53. (Hereafter cited as "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine"). 5 Ibid., and private interview by Ella May Walker with Mrs. Flora Calder (nee Flora Bird), City of Edmonton Archives, William Bird File. 6 Private Interview by Ella May Walker with Mrs. Flora Calder (nee Flora Bird), City of Edmonton Archives, William Bird File. 7 Edmonton Journal, 1 September 1955.

C-3.

Willian Bird's Grist Mill (1872-c.1878) (continued) It is believed the mill was dismantled soon after 1878.8

8 Tony Cashman,

1958), p. 12.

More Edmonton Stories.

(Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers,

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C-4.

Brewery (1894-1895) A brewery operated by Hall, Gibson and Flynn, once stood near the south approach of the present Low Level Bridge. The establishment opened for business in September 1894; but shortly after the completion of the Oschner Brewery Plant in 1895, this brewery ceased its operations.1 Other than this, there is not much information on this short-lived operation.

1 John Gilpin, "The City of Strathcona 1891-1912".

(Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Alberta, 1978), p. 100; and personal communication on November, 1981. Gilpin extracted the data from South Edmonton News, 15 November, 1894. (Hereafter cited as "City of Strathcona").

C-5.

Caner= House Hotel (pre-18899905 - 98 Avenue Cameron House, founded by John Cameron, was once a ".... favourite stopping place for the teamsters hauling goods from the south side station to Edmonton."1 Its date of construction is uncertain. Information extracted from the Edmonton Bulletin, November 27, 1889, gives rise to the knowledge that the hotel was built before 1889, for the editorial that day announced the purchase of Cameron House by a Mr. R. Matz.2 The main attraction of the hotel was the barroom, the epitome of a true western saloon. As well as a set of swinging doors, it had a brass rail, a huge mirror behind the bar, and a heavily varnished bar.3 According to building permits issued in 1912, Mr. A. Cameron (relationship to John Cameron unknown), owner of the Cameron Hotel, took out a permit for a warehouse on February 9, 1912. The building cost $400. On April 26 of the same year, another permit was taken out, this time for a brick addition, with J.W. Rudy as the architect and J. W. Marr the contractor. Total cost came to $8,000.4 In 1915, Cameron House was registered by Henderson's Directory as vacant and it remained vacant until 1921, when the Edmonton City Dairy purchased it for a warehouse. In 1925, the place was listed as vacant again and the two-storey frame hotel was boarded up and abandoned for many years.5 Old Cameron House is no longer in evidence today.

1 Tony Cashman, "The Edmonton Story", 23 May 1956.

(City of Edmonton

Archives). 2 Edmonton Bulletin, 27 November 1889. 3 Cashman, 23 May 1956. 4 City of Edmonton Archives, City of Edmonton Building Permits - 1905-1927. 5 Henderson's Directories, 1907-1926.

Low Level Bridge before Twin Bridge Built. 1906. Credit:

Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. B3280.

Edmonton Lumber Co. - East of Low Level Bridge, Edmonton. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. B1099. n.d,

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C-6.

Clover Bar Boons and Clover Bar Cafe

(? -

1968)

9685-86-91 - 99 Street Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of 1913 shows a building on the east side of Strathcona Road which was once the Clover Bar Restaurant and Pool Room.1 It was a three-storey structure owned by John B. Morrison. According to Henderson's Directory, Mr. Morrison also had rooms over the restaurant.2 Next door to Mr. Morrison's place was C. Gallagher's real estate office. Around 19214 Edmonton City Dairy converted the Clover Bar building into a storehouse. Between 1929 and 1968, the entire building was used for Scona Bend Apartments, and in 1968 it was demolished.4

City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of 1913.

Henderson's Directories, 1912-1968.

Ibid.

Edmonton Journal, 26 October 1968.

C' Ciu e 0 ) or Rooms

Clo voLow Level Bridge from to of hill looking southeast. Cloverdale across the river. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. B3291. nil.

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Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1954 (revised to 1959).

C-7.

Covent Garden Market Garden (1911-1913) According to Henderson's Directory of 1913, (which was also the last year Covent Garden Market Garden was listed), the market garden once occupied the area on the south side of the road formerly occupied by Robert Smith's Stockyard, a hog farm east of Gallagher-Hull Packing Plant.1 Covent Garden was first recorded in the 1911 Henderson's Directory.2 In consulting Mundy's Map of The Twin Cities: Edmonton and Strathcona, the 1911 edition, Covent Garden was also marked on the south side of Clover Bar Trail or Dowler Hill Road.3 Cathy White of the Bennett Environmental Centre interviewed local residents and was told that Covent Garden was on the east side of Mill Creek between the former Calvin United Church and Clover Bar Road.4 It seems unlikely that Mundy or Henderson would have made the saae error in locating It is possible there may have been another later market Covent Garden. garden in Cloverdale, at the place local informants remember. The proprietors of Covent Garden Market Garden were David Donald and Harold Mr. Massey was of the Massey, Who resided at the Market Garden. Massey-Harris Co. Ltd. at Whyte Avenue.5

1 Henderson's Directory, 1913. 2 Idem., 1911. 3 City of Edmonton Archives, Mundy's Map of The Twin Cities: Edmonton & Strathcona, 1911. 4 Cathy White, personal communication, Bennett Environmental Educational Centre (Edmonton, Alberta), 10 April 1981. 5 Henderson's Directories, 1909-1913.

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C-8. Crown Sand & Gravel Company, Limited (1916-1919) 9312 - 98 Avenue According to Henderson's Directory, Crown Sand and Gravel Company started its operation in 1917 and terminated around 1919.1 Further search reveals that this company was incorporated June 30, 1916 with a capital of $150,000.00.2 From this, it seems that the Company was formed in 1916, but was not registered in Henderson's Directory until its 1917 publication. The plant was in close proximity to the Grady Brothers Cast Stone Company on 9326 - 98 Avenue. It is possible, considering the latter company closed down in 1916, that the Crown Sand and Gravel Company may have occupied the site of the Cast Stone Company.3

1 Henderson's Directories, 1916-1920. 2 Alberta Companies Branch, Microfilm No. 4360. (Edmonton, Alberta). 3 See Grady Brothers Cast Stone Company on pages 26-27.

C-9. Edmonton City Dairy (1906-1933)/Capitol Cleaners and Laundry, Ltd.

(1933-1980) 9686-88-90-92 - 99 Street* Prosperous from the start, the Edmonton City Dairy had served Edmonton since May, 1906.1 Founder Warren W. Prevey, who arrived only two months earlier, in a short time had established one of the most respected industries in Alberta. His ethics were "service and fair dealing". Initially, a staff of six and one delivery wagon operated the dairy plant located at Cloverdale Flats near the Low Level Bridge.2 By 1915, the staff and delivery conveyances had doubled many times over. Five thousand farmers were on the payroll of the dairy, which bought cream within a radius of 150 miles of Edmonton, mostly north of Red Deer and even some in Saskatchewan. There were 168 employees in the plant, and 75 horses were used for delivery of dairy products. The Company owned only one motor truck, which was usel exclusively for hauling milk cans from the station.3 The Edmonton City Dairy was the first dairy in Canada to adopt the milk grading system.4 An egg department, where eggs were stored and graded, was later added to the plant.5 The company also maintained a poultry plant near the C.N.R. depot.6

In Henderson's Directory of 1921, a series of buildings along 99 Street were listed under Edmonton City Dairy: 9678-9680 9682 9692 9687-9693 9695 9905

- Edmonton - Edmonton - Edmonton - Edmonton - Edmonton - Edmonton

City City City City City City

1 Morning Bulletin, 18 June 1916. 2 Edmonton Bulletin, n.d. 3 Ibid., 26 June 1915. 4 Ibid., n.d. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid.

Dairy Dairy Dairy Dairy Dairy Dairy

Warehouse Offices Grocery Ltd. Storehouse Office and Warehouse Warehouse

C-10. Edmonton City Dairy (1906-1933)/Capitol Cleaners and Laundry, Ltd. (1933-1980) (continued) An 1895 photograph from the Provincial Archives of Alberta shows a frame building which, according to the Archives' records, was the property of the Edmonton Butter & Cheese Manufacturing Association. The building was bought by Warren W. Prevey in 1901 and used as the first Edmonton City Dairy building. 7 In the same collection, a photograph taken in 1908 sho WS a two-storey brick structure with Mr. Prevey and family on the balcony posing with the Edmonton City Dairy Staff. 8 Behind this photograph could be noted the wooden building bought by Mr. Prevey in 1901. Also near the river bank, off behind Cameron House, was the Edmonton City Dairy Barn, which was built in October 1912. The barn, 200 feet x 75 feet, cost the Dairy $1,800. Even as late as 1930, the Edmonton City Dairy still stored hay on the second floor of the barn.9 In 1909, Edmonton City Dairy was incorporated.10 On December 31, 1927 the City Dairy began producing milk products from its new brick plant erected On the east side of 109 Street, between 101 and 102 Avenues. W. W. Prevey retained his position as Managing Director. As well as being the founder of the Edmonton City Dairy, Mr. Prevey was also the Director of the Arctic Ice Company, Limited; a City Alderman in 1918 and 1919; and President of the Board of Trade in 1922.11 The former premises on Cloverdale Flats were retained by the Edmonton City Dairy for use as poultry and egg plants and other interests. In 1933, the building (or more aptly, the site) became the premises of Capitol Cleaners and Laundry, Ltd. Near the close of 1980, the laundry building was demolished.

7 Provincial Archives of Alberta, Photograph Collection No. A5363.

8 Provincial Archives of Alberta, Photograph Collection No. A4993. 9 Cashman, "The Edmonton Story", 23 May 1956. 10 Edmonton Bulletin, 31 December 1927. 11 John Blue, Alberta Past and Present, Vol. II., (Chicago: Historical Publishing Company, 1924), pp. 411-413.

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441111:0K Iltg Main Edmonton City Dairy. Located at Low Level Bridge Site. Mr. & Mrs. W. Prevey and children on balcony. 1908. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. Photograph Collection. A4993.

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C-11. Edmonton Lumber Company (1905-1915) 9752 - 98 Avenue On September 18, 1906, the Edmonton Bulletin ran the following editorial: "New sawmill of the Edmonton Lumber Co. across the river near the E.Y. & P. bridge is finished and sawing began yesterday."1 Since its formation in 1905 by William H. Clark (who was also the Manager and President), the lumber company had been acquiring timber land up river to feed the sawmill located east of the present Low Level Bridge and north of 98th Avenue in Cloverdale Flats.2 In 1909, Mr. Clark opened his own lumber company at 109 Street and 103 Avenue. He had been in the valley since 1891 and had earned his living as a builder and contractor. He had built and sold boats to Klondikers during the gold rush period.3 A fire on April 19, 1910 burned down much of the plant.4 Repair must have commenced immediately after because the Edmonton Bulletin wrote in its 1911 Anniversary Issue that in 1911 the Edmonton Lumber plant could produce 35,000 feet a day. Forty men worked regularly at the plantx but over a hundred were sent to the woods each winter to harvest the timber.) Business transactions were administered from an office at 615 Second Street (102 Street).6 The sawmill closed down and never reopened after it was heavily damaged by the 1915 Great Flood.

Edmonton Bulletin, 18 September 1906.

Ibid., Anniversary Issue, 1911.

The University Practicum, "Inner City River Valley Land Use: Edmonton", (Department of Extension, University of Alberta, 1975), p. 8.

4 City of Edmonton Archives, W. H. Clark File. 5 Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911. 6 Ibid.

Edmonton Lumber Company in foreground and Pete Anderson's Brickyard behind the lumber company. October 1907. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. 81100.

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C-12. Edmonton Meat Market Plant

( ? - c.1916)

9827 - 98 Avenue John Gilpin's M.A. Thesis, "The City of Strathcona 1891-1912" makes a reference to a meat packing plant, called Edmonton Meat Market Plant, Which was located at Cloverdale Flats.' Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of 1913 confirmed this, although he simply called it "Slaughter House and Packing Plant.-2 The address given was 9827 - 98 Avenue. Further confirmation that an Edmonton Meat Market Plant existed in that commmunity came from Henderson's Directory. The directories referred to the plant as City Abattoir and Stockyards, and that J. Hehsdoerfer was the proprietor.3 The Edmonton Meat Market Plant was not listed in Henderson's Directory after 1916. Competing with this meat plant was another one north-east of it, called the Gallagher-Hull Meat Packing Plant, situated close to the river bank.

1 Gilpin, "The City of Strathcona", p. 92. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of 1913. 3 Henderson's Directories, 1915-1916.

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C-13.

Edmonton Pressed Brick Company, Ltd./P. Anderson & Company Brick Manufacturing Yards (1900-1914 & 1922-1932's) Instituted in 1900, the Edmonton Pressed Brick Company soon obtained the reputation of being one of the largest industries of its kind in all of Western Canada. The Company's founders were Messrs. Peter Anderson and James Ross of Ross Bros., Ltd., long established hardware merchants in Edmonton. Peter Anderson was the more active of the two partners, and the rapid success of the firm was attributed VD his experience. A native of Denmark, Anderson came to Canada in 1888 and settled in Manitoba. In 1891, he moved to Edmonton and worked as a well-digger, a tree-planter and a construction worker. About 1892, he started his own building contracting business, which he ran for twelve years,1 In 1900, Messrs. Anderson and Ross formed P. Anderson & Company and subsequently started the Edmonton Pressed Brick Company.2 Mr. Anderson also retained his contracting business until 1904. The Company's yards were located on fourteen and a half acres of land on Mill Creek flat purchased from Donald Ross,3 a tract of land south and east of the present Low Level Bridge. This acreage contained the largest and finest brick clay deposits in the Edmonton district,4 the clay being peculiarly adapted to the manufacture of pressed bricks. With the beds of clay were rich deposits of coal and below the clay seam was an eight foot strata of excellent sand.5 On the south banks, a tunnel was driven in and a coal mine opened up so that the men could mine the coal and clay needed for the Company's operations.6 Below the mine shafts were the banks from which the coarser clay was procured. The plant consisted of five kilns, wooden flues and a press machine shed.7 Two machines dominated the brick yards; one was a wire-cut machine for common bricks and the other was a pressed brick machine.8

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 4 April 1908. 2 Ibid. Ibid., 20 May 1901. 4 Ibid., 16 July 1908. 5 Ibid., 15 July 1901. 6 Ibid. 7 Goad's Fire Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913, p. 171. 8 Ibid., 17 July 1901.

C-14.

Edmonton Pressed Brick Company, Ltd./P. Anderson & Company Brick

Manufacturing Yards (1900-1914 & 1922-1930's) (continued) Manufactured in the plant for local and export orders were red pressed, common, ornamental and fire brick, severe brick, drain tile, terra cotta, and other types of bricks.9 Transportation was conveniently available with the Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway tracks west of the brick plant. Water for the works was piped from Mill Creek.1Â° Coal fueled this brick plant and steam provided power and heat. The plant had no electrical lighting and it closed up in the winter.11 The output in the first year of operation was about 300,000 bricks and by 1908, it was anticipated to be over twelve million.12 In terms of employees, twenty were working in the plant in 1900, but this number increased to over one hundred by 1908. When Mr. Anderson retired in 1904 from his contracting firm to devote himself to his brick plant, he had already erected about eighty per cent of the brick buildings in Edmonton. Among the numbers were John McDougall's residence, McDougall and Secord's business blocks, Queen's Avenue School, Holy Trinity Church, Presbyterian Churches and a large number of private residences 13 He received the contract for constructing the Gariepy House on 9947 - 104 Street, which has been the site of the Sisters of Providence of St. Vincent de Paul since 1924. At the start of the Great War, Anderson closed his business and went overseas as Major Anderson. He was captured and sent to a German prison. Five months later, he made a daring and successful escape. He was the first prisoner of war to attempt an escape and the first one to come back home as a hero ,14 In 1922, the Edmonton Bulletin announced the intention of Anderson Brick and Tile, Ltd. to resume operations at the plant.15 The reorganized company was

9 Ibid., 4 April 1908. 10 Ibid., 15 July 1901. 11 Goad's Fire Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913, p. 171. 12 Ibid., 4 April 1908. 13 Ibid. 14 Edmonton Journal, 4 December 1915. 15 Edmonton Bulletin, 22 June 1922.

C-15. Edmonton Pressed Brick Company, Ltd./P. Anderson & Company Brick Manufacturing Yards (1900-1914 & 1922-1930's) (continued) incorporated for $52,000; and the main goal of the new corporation was to update all the machinery. The new company lasted only a short while, until a fire destroyed the whole plant on July 24, 1929. In 1932, the Mill Creek Incinerator was built on this site. It is now the site of the Muttart Conservatory. In the 1930's, Lt. Colonel P. Anderson retired to Vancouver; and in August 1945, he passed away.16

16 Edmonton Journal, 8 August 1945.

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C-16. Fulton Meat Market (1913-1916) 9680-9682 - 99 Street A meat grocery and warehouse once served the tiny Cloverdale Flats community at 9680-9682 - 99 Street. Situated south of the Edmonton City Dairy, it was called Fulton Meat Market.1 The same building was also the home of a barber shop. Edwin P. Fulton (proprietor) and Foster Fulton operated the meat business between 1913 and 1916.2 Prior to his own enterprise, E. P. Fulton was the manager of the Metropolitan Meat Market on Jasper Avenue. In 1921, Edmonton City Dairy acquired the Meat Market for offices and a warehouse.3

1 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of 1913. 2 Henderson's Directories 1912-1917. 3 Ibid., 1921.

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C-17.

Gallagher Flats School (Roman Catholic) (1913-1916) Clover Bar Road Information on the existence of this Roman Catholic school is meagre. From Henderson's Directories it is known that the school existed between 1913 and 1916 and that a Miss V. A. Ryan was the principal) The school's address was given simply as Clover Bar Road, hence, its exact location along Clover Bar Road is uncertain.

1 Henderson's Directories, 1912-1917.

C-18.

Gallagher-Bull Meat Packing Company Plant (1902A native of New Brunswick, Cornelius Gallagher initially entered the meat business with his father in Winnipeg in 1877. Under the name "P. Gallagher & Son", the company received the contract to supply meat to the soldiers in the 1885 Rebellion. After the uprising, C. Gallagher bought his father's share of the business and went to Regina to establish a similar business. In 1891, he came to Edmonton and subsequently opened his third meat shop. Shortly after, he and Mr. Rupert Hull formed a partnership under Gallagher-Hull Company.1 The Company, according to the Edmonton Bulletin, was the "first incorporated company of the kind to transact a general butchering business in this part of A butchering shop was established in Mr. Gallagher's the province."2 building near the Alberta Hotel, and the shop was known to be the most modern and complete meat establishment in the Twin Cities. It had the first Amonia Refrigerator System, a large cold storage room, a freezing plant, and a glassed storage counter for produce display.3 In 1904, Mr. Hull sold his meat and cattle shares to P. Burns and Company; however, the firm continued operating under the old name.4 In 1908, Mr. Gallagher decided to open another store in the north end of the city. Supply for the two shops came from a very large slaughter house and packaging plant belonging to the company since 1902, on the south bank of the North Saskatchewan River, within River Lot 21.5 This was the Gallagher-Hull Meat and Packing Company and it operated until c.1911.6 The plant may have been dismantled for the construction of Dowler Hill Road or after the devastation of the 1915 Flood, but this is uncertain.7 However, the complex appeared in

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 7 December 1907. 2 Ibid., 13 June 1908. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid., 13 June 1908. 5 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913. 6 Henderson's Directory, 1911-1913. 7 Burt Demeriez, Co-ordinator for the Bennett Environmental Centre, personal communication, February, 1985.

C-19.

Gallagher-Hull Meat Packing Company Plant (1902-

) (continued)

the 1913 Fire Insurance Map, but was simply labelled "Slaughter House and Packing Plant", therefore was probably not owned by Gallagher-Hull by 1913.8 One of Edmonton's finest entrepreneurs and citizens, Cornelius Gallagher was involved with municipal affairs serving as Mayor of Edmonton for one year and Alderman for several years.9 Since his arrival in Edmonton, he had acquired considerable real estate, In fact, a large piece of Cloverdale was at one time called Gallagher Flats or Gallagher Estates. Even today, a piece of his old property has been retained as a park in his name. Mr. Gallagher was also involved in land speculation. He had a real estate office on Strathcona Road (9693 - 99 Street), which the Edmonton City Dairy later purchased and converted into an office and warehouse.1Â° The real estate office was attached to the former Clover Bar Restaurant and Rooms. Furthermore, Mr. Gallagher was director of the Pressed Brick Company and later President of the Hardstone Brick Company. 11 The office of the former Gallagher-Hull Slaughter House still remains standing at 9733 - 93 Street, as it has been in use as a private home.12

8 City of Edmonton Archives, Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913. 9 Gilpin, "City of Strathcona", p. 92. 10 Henderson's Directories, 1908-1921. 11 Most Rev. Emile J. Legal, OMI, "History of The Catholic Church in Central Alberta", 1914. 12 Cathy White and Burt Demeriez, personal communication, Bennett Environmental Educational Centre (Edmonton, Alberta), April 1981 and February 1985

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C-20. Grady Cast Stone Company, Limited (1912-1916) 9326 - 98 Avenue The only information on Grady Brothers Cast Stone Company comes from Henderson's Directory, the Edmonton building permit file, and Alberta Companies Branch records. Grady Cast Stone Company first appeared in the 1912 Henderson's Directory, which is usually a good indication of the year businesses were established.' This establishment year was further confirmed by a building permit given to the Grady Cast Stone Company on June 20, 1912, for a stone crushing plant on Gallagher Estate; to be built at a cost of $1,000.2 The proprietor, Thomas Grady, resided nearby at 9424 Clover Bar Road (98 Avenue). On January 20, 1913, the Company was incorporated as the Grady Cast Stone Company, Ltd.-5 Major shareholders were Thomas T. Grady and Charles E. Darby, managers, and Wallace G. Grady, assistant manager. On February 1, 1913, the joint Stock Company purchased the property and all rights for $60,000.4 The property, a 1,300 foot frontage on Dowler Hill Road, River Lot 21, south Edmonton,)supported a manufacturing plant building, as well as a new heating plant, fully modern residence, and a new stable. Final entry of the Grady Cast Stone Company in Henderson's Directory was in 1916, the 1915 Flood causing the company's demise.6

1 Henderson's Directories, 1905-1917. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, City of Edmonton Building Permits 1905-1927. 3 Alberta Companies Branch, Microfilm No. 2650 (Edmonton, Alberta). 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Cathy White, personal communication, Bennett Environmental Education Centre (Edmonton, Alberta), 10 April 1981.

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C-21.

Bardstone Brick Company Limited (1912-1919) 93 Street & 97 Avenue Incorporated on March 9, 1912, the Hardstone Brick Company commenced its business in June on the property the Company had purchased from Pressed Bricks Limited, in Gallagher Flats east of P. Anderson's Brickyard.1 The Hardstone Brick Company, according to The Bulletin, was the "first plant of its kind in Canada by which a sand-lime brick is being manufactured under the "Magdeburg" process, which has been used so extensively in Germany for a number of years".2 The paper went on to say that sand-lime bricks had higher breaking strength than clay bricks and were fire-proof and weather-proof. The whole plant was powered by a 75 horsepower motor.3 Cornelius Gallagher, formerly the Director of Pressed Bricks Ltd., became the owner and President of Hardstone Brick Company. Mr. C. S. Stevens was Managing Director Based on Henderson's Directories, the Hardstone Brick Company was closed in 1920.4 Today, anyone walking the site where the brickyard used to be in Cloverdale can easily see evidence of past activities. There are depressions in the hill where sand was mined, then carted to the brick works. The paths taken by the carts between the pits and the buildings are still clearly visible .5

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 8 May 1912. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Henderson's Directories, 1911-1920. 5 Cathy White, personal communication, Bennett Environmental Education Centre (Edmonton, Alberta), 10 April 1981.

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C-22.

Low Level Bridge (1900-

)

Edmonton's first bridge to span the North Saskatchewan River is the Low Level Bridge. Built in 1900 and finished in 1902, it is 694'8" in length.1 In 1902 the Edmonton, Yukon, and Pacific Railway also became a reality. Though shorter than originally planned, this railroad started at the southern end of Strathcona, crossed the Low Level Bridge and ended, not at the Yukon,but at the station Mackenzie and Mann had built near Donald Ross's Hote1.2 The use of the E.Y. & P. route ended when a bypass was built from Bretona to the Grand Trunk Pacific line west of Clover Bar on October 30, 1928.3 Since then, the bridge has accommodated motor vehicle and pedestrian traffic. Initially, the bridge was 17' wide with two 4'6" sidewalls, but in 1949, a twin span was added to the first bridge.4

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 78. 2 MacGregor, Edmonton: A History, pp. 131 and 290. 3 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, p. 76. 4 Ibid., p. 78.

Low Level Bridge from to of hill looking southeast. Cloverdale across the river. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. B3291. A.d

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C-23. Moore-Ross Mine (1880-1883) LSD 5-33-52-24-4 R.L. 15 "This mine opened in 1880 and was abandoned in 1883. A drift was opened into a four foot seam, and tunnelled to a lower seam. Total production for the 1882 season was 200 tons. The company attempted to obtain mineral rights for their coal but failed."1

McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System" (Edmonton Parks and Recreation, 1980), p. 24.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY RESERVE

6 10 O Ross •

M. Groat 1888

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12 14

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1 \ Robertson \8Mc1.esn 1882

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1883 • Imperial Cost Co.

I. W. eltrenberston• 2 &Intl Coal Co

SOME EARLY COAL MINES OF EDMONTON 1880-1892

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Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, p. 9.

C-24.

Pressed Brick Ltd. (1907-1912) In 1907, a new industry was formed under the name of Pressed Brick Limited. This new company had a plant just south of the Gallagher-Hull Meat Packing Plant property, several hundred yards down the river from the Low Level Bridge. For the manufacturing of pressed sand lime bricks, the latest thing in the brick industry, the Company purchased ten and a half acres of land on the side of what is now Connors Hill. The machinery for brick making came from an old brick machinery company in Toronto. Mr. A. Berg, who supplied the machinery, came personally to Edmonton to supervise the initial operation. Power supply came from a 250 h.p. Goldie McCulloch boiler and a 150 h.p. Wheelock - Corless engine. The water was pumped from a nearby spring into a large tank in the building. The whole plant cost the twenty-five Edmonton shareholders $60,000. Some of these shareholders were selected as the following officers: President - D. R. Fraser Vice-President - Charles May Director - Alfred Brown, J. H. Gariepy, R. J. Manson, John Macdonald, C. Gallagher Secretary Treasurer - A. J. McDonald Construction of the plant began in 1907, but it was not until May the following year that the Pressed Brick Limited works turned out its first batch of sand-lime bricks. The plant was equipped to produce 20,000 bricks per 10 hour day. Ingredients for the bricks were a mixture of sand (94 per cent), lime (6 per cent) and water. The sand was mixed from the side of the hill behind the buildings where the supply of this sand was inexhaustible.2 According to the write-up of the plant by The Bulletin in 1908, sand lime brick had been manufactured in America for only five years, but its characteristics soon made it a favourite building material with contractors and builders.1 Strong advantages were its short production period, its ability to withstand extreme climatic changes, its capability to retain its colour because of the Lack of alkali, its uniformness (there are no seams or laminations as in natural stone), and its relatively inexpensive production cost because of the abundance of sand located in Western Canada.3 Pressed Bricks Ltd. stayed in business for four years, after which the Hardstone Brick Company purchased the whole operation in 19124 (see Hardstone Brick Company, Limited).

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 30 May 1908. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Edmonton Bulletin, 8 May, 1912

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C-25. Riverside School (c.1910-1913) The name Riverside School appeared in the 1912 and 1913 Henderson's Directories.' The address given by the directory was Saskatchewan Avenue (97 Avenue), near the Low Level Bridge. According to a letter written by Mr. Ed Bell, a former school teacher and principal of Riverside School, the 1912 school year was held in a two-storey frame house converted by the School Board into a temporary school.L Initially, the entire school consisted of one classroom, but due to unexpectedly high enrollment, the upper storey was turned into a classroom reached by an outside stairway.3 The Strathcona Plaindealer printed an article on south side schools, which said that Riverside School was opened a few months before.4 Therefore it is reasonable to say that Riverside School was started in 1910. The paper further wrote that the school was located near the "urban bridge" (meaning Low Level Bridge) and that attendance ran to nearly fifty. Ed Bell said the property was probably owned by the Edmonton City Dairy.5 The school was behind the dairy plant and a few hundred yards from the Low Level Bridge. School staff consisted of Mr. Edward Bell, principal; Miss Jennie Johnson, teacher; and Mrs. J. E. Young, caretaker.6 The temporary school closed When the new brick Bennett School was opened in 1913.

1 Henderson's Directories, 1912-1913. 2 City of Edmonton Archives, Letter from Ed Bell. 3 Ibid. 4 Strathcona Plaindealer, 3 January 1911. 5 City of Edmonton Archives, Letter from Ed Bell. 6 Henderson's Directories, 1912-1913.

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C-26. Alex Ross Mine (1883) LSD 5-33-52-24-4 R.L. 15 "This small drift was opened in November 1883."1

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 24.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY RESERVE

D. Rose •

M. Groot 1886 • Or. Vraroy • Ed AloPh•roon

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0 Res• 1863 ,

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W. Humborotono 2 drifts

SOME EARLY COAL MINES OF EDMONTON 1880-1892 Coal mine

Soots. 21. Edw0000

•

INC 1192

Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, P. 9.

C-27. D. Ross Nine (c.1880) LSD 5-33-52-24-4 R.L. 15 "The mine probably began in 1880, as in 1881 Ross delivered 100 tons to the H.B.Co. for use on the steamboat Lily. In 1882, 50 tons of coal were barged to Battleford. The date of abandonment is unknown."1

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 24.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY

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RESERVE WI. Flees

•

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M. Groat 1886 •

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Robertson & McLean 1982

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Zero Coal Co.

SOME EARLY COAL MINES OF EDMONTON 1880-1892 C.00l mine •

15 Stwc•. The

84..e 140 1092

Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, p. 9.

C-28. St. Barnabas Church (Anglican) 9119 - 98 Avenue (1915-1922) and 9117 - 98 Avenue (1923-1948) St. Barnabas Church was a two-storey building, with the second floor used for the church and the lower floor used for the hall. It was located on 9119 98 Avenue from 1915 to 1922, but in 1923,the church was moved to 9117 - 98 Avenue.' In 1948, the place became the St. Barnabas Mission and by 1950, with the top floor removed, it was the private home of Andrew Fruno,2 who came to be resident of this building for many years. After the building was dismantled in 1974, some of the lumber was used to build a ski shop in 1975.3

1 Henderson's Directories, 1914-1949. 2 Ibid., 1947-1950 and Burt Demeriez, personal communication, 1985. 3 Cathy White, personal communication, Bennett Environmental Educational Centre (Edmonton, Alberta), 10 April 1981 and Henderson's Directories, 1973-1975.

C-29. Steamboat Landing Below the property of the Edmonton Lumber Company was a steamboat landing.1 A road connected the lumber company and the landing.

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 73.

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C-30. John Walter's Second Ferry (Lower Ferry) (1883-1901) From the foot of 92nd Street to east of Cloverdale, John Walter operated his Then between 1891 and 1893, the route second ferry from 1883 to 1891.1 switched to a ford near the future Low Level Bridge location.2 The ferry crossing on the second location was probably managed by Captain Durdle, hence, the occasional reference to Durdle's ferry.3 In 1893, William Humberstone took over the ferry and operated it until 1901.4 The completion of the Low Level Bridge in 1900 diminished the importance of the ferry and in 1901, the ferry ceased to cross the river.

1 Edmonton Journal, 27 October 1962. 2 Ibid. 3 City of Edmonton Archives, Cherry's Collection. 4 Edmonton Journal, 27 October 1962.

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Credit: University of Alberta, 51.4!: -'I.l.1(;::3 11' :

Cloverdale in 1915 Flood.

Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-25-27.

twolene

- 11 S ITE INDEX LAV IG NE I.X.L. Mine (c.1894) North Star Mine (1892-1898)

PAGE L-1. L-2.

Sache-Walter Mine (c.1886-1888)

L -3.

Storey Mine (c.1890)

L -4 .

Strathcona Power Plant (1904- ?

L-5 . -6 .

Taylor-Carscadden Mine (1897-c.1899)

L-7.

Tipton Park/Riverside Park/Queen Elizabeth Park (1907- ? )

L-8.

L-1. I.X.L. Mine (c.1894) LSD 4-33-52-24-4 R.L. 13 "This mine is very small. In December 1894 the owners advertised coal at $1.75/ton delivered.'-

1 Ruth McConnell, John Priegert and Roderick J. Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System: Inventory and Analysis, Archaeological and Historical Sites (Edmonton Parks and Recreation, 1980), p. 23. (Hereafter cited as "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System").

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY RESERVE

• n

. W.T Rees 1555

•

10 12 IS

0. Ross •

M. Groat 1886 •

D. Ross 1883 •

V•rey Ed McPh•reort

Robertson \1164c1..•an 1082

1 • W. Humb•rstone 2 drifts

•

• E.C••• hIll • Imperial Cord Co.

O. Ross 2 d Its

H.8.C. 1884

111 20

Zero Coal Co.

SOME EARLY COAL MINES OF EDMONTON

3 Seen* I Walter 1887 5

1880-1892 15A

Coal mine •

15 Soerc•.TheEdeopecn Mew 1880. 1122

Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, P. 9.

L-2. North Star Mine (1892-1898) LSD 4-33-52-24-4 R.L. 15 "This mine opened in 1892 and was abandoned six years later. It was a small mine with three drifts in a four foot seam. "1

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 23.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY RESERVE

30 32 34

D. Roes

•

D. Ross 1883

I .

Dr. Vlore), • Ed McPherson

D Ross 2 drilt•

•

3 IP1.1 7141T . u111•,

Zero Coal Co.

r Mine

Ssche A Well., 1887 11 13 154

Imperial Coal Co.

Mn A A'

W. HurnO•rstone 2 drills N.B.C. 1884

• C.C.., hill

=2,

SOME EARLY COAL MINES OF EDMONTON 1880-1892 Coal mine •

15 Seems. Do Erlecoricri 11.6e. IMO 1402

Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, P. 9.

L-3.

Sadie and Walter Mine (c.1886-1888) LSD 5-33-52-24-4 R.L. 15 A small coal mine was worked by F. H. Sache and his brother-in-law, John Walter, on the former's property (River Lot 15) between 1886 and 1887.1 The coal was mined by level entry from the river bank. Two seams were worked, about 50' and 4' above water level. The operators of this mine established a wire rope ferry to haul their coal to Rossdale. In 1888 the mine flooded and was abandoned. Today, no trace of the activity remains.

1 Aresco, Ltd., "Capital City Recreation Park, Historical Resources Site Files" (Edmonton: 1977).

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY

n 24 26 28 30 32

RESERVE

3.0

10 12 14

D. Ross • O. Ross 1883

M. Groot 1888 •

Robertson McL••n 1882

• Importal Coil Co.

W. Muntb•rston• 2 dr1tt• M.B.C. 1884 •

Sash* & Weber 1887 11 13 ISA

• E.C•ve h111 1 _1

D. Ross 2 drills

Coal Co.

SOME EARLY COAL MINES OF EDMONTON 1880-1892 COM mlne •

Soc. là.rdeseroe

MO 11/02

Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, p. 9.

L-4.

Storey Mine (c.1890) LSD 4-33-52-24-4 R.L. 15 "In February 1890, the Edmonton Bulletin reported the existence of this mine. Nothing more was recorded."1

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 23.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY

28 30 32 34

22 24

RESERVE W.T. Rees 1868 •

10 12 14

D. Ross • O. Ross 1983

M. Groat 1880 • O. Vrtree • Ed McPherson

Robertson &McLean 1882

• Imp•rlet Cold Co.

Zero Cord Co

H.61.C. 1884 19

SOME EARLY COAL MINES OF EDMONTON

3 weres,, 5/mho LW. 1867

UV.

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kir ,rje W. Hurnb•rstone 2 drifts

18 20

1880-1892 I5A Cost Tine •

15 $oerco. Tee Ecirromcn Lb.. ISIO 1102

Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, p. 9.

Example of Edmonton coal mines, c.1900. Credit: EA-10-1430.

City of Edmonton Archives,

L-5.

Strathcona Power Plant (1904- ? ) On Sunday evening, October 22, 1905, a tremendous explosion disturbed the evening calm. The disturbance came from the direction of Strathcona's own electric light plant on the river bank (approximately opposite the present Edmonton Power Plant). Apparently, a break in the crossheads of the big engine had caused the explosion.1 The engine, a product from Brantford, Ontario, had been running in the plant without mishap since its installation eleven months before. That evening, it lay in broken pieces. From that night until January 1907, the plant was temporarily out of business. During that time, the City received electricity from the Edmonton power house through a line across the river while the new engine and dynamo were being placed in position.2 By January 1907, the new thermal electric plant was finished and the new engine and dynamo, furnished by the Goldie and McCulloch Company, were turned on.3 After a few days, trouble occurred in the new plant again. The new engine started vibrating so badly that Mayor Mills ordered the steam turned off until an investigation of the matter was completed .4 The trouble was caused by unstable foundation footings.5 Reinforcement of the foundation took a few months. But at last in April 1907, the streets of Strathcona were permanently lighted by the City's own electric light station, fueled by local coal.6 In 1911, the plant faced a coal shortage. Presented with this problem, City Council immediately signed a one-year contract with the Twin City Coal Company.7

1 Edmonton Bulletin, 23 October 1905. 2 Ibid., 22 April 1907. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Edmonton Bulletin, 22 April 1907. 6 Ibid. 7 Strathcona Plaindealer, 6 October 1911.

L-6. Strathcona Power Plant (1904-

? ) (continued)

The Scona Power House served Strathcona until the City's amalgamation with Edmonton in 1912. After that, Edmonton supplied all the power to Strathcona.8 In Goad's 1913/14 Fire Insurance Map, the Strathcona Power Plant is identified as the "Electric Light and Water Works Pumping Station", located on Main Street at the River. It was labelled "Not In Use". The following components, identified on the map, describe the Power Plant complex:9 2 Canada Foundry Pumps 18 1/2 x 10 1/2 x 12" with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallons per 24 hours each. Brick Wells, 30' deep Pump Room Boiler Room Dynamo Room

Oil Room Fan Room Coal Conveyor Platform Smoke Shaft, 105' high

It is not known when the power plant buildings were dismantled.

8 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 54 and Marie Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites in the North Saskatchewan River Valley in Edmonton" (Edmonton Alberta Culture, 1974), p. 47. (Hereafter cited as "Possible Heritage Sites"). 9 Charles E. Goad's Fire Insurance Map, 1913 revised to 1914, City of Edmonton Archives, p. 151.

4, trat cona Power Plan t.

105 Street Bridge Looking East, Power Plant on North Shore. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. B3295. n.d.

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Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1913 (revised to 1914).

— ..

L-7. Taylor -Carscadden Mine (1897-c.1899) LSD 4-33-52-24-4 R.L. 15 "This mine is a very small working that opened in 1897, and was used for at least two years. There are no known records of abandonment. "1

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 23.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY RESERVE

. W.T.Peso 1880 •

10 12 11 OII

D. Roo*

M. Groat 1886 •

•

D. R or ia e Dt. Y•r•y • Ed McPhorson 0

Robortoon McL•on 1682

D. Roos 2 0 Me

1864

111E.Cao• hIll

• Imperial Cool Co.

R/ A A,

• W. Num •r•1on• 2 Ort11•

Zito Cool Co.

SOME EARLY COAL MINES

3 uonlWal, 0, 141.4•1•

OF EDMONTON 7

Sachs II Wall 1887 13 11 9

1880-1892 15A

▪

Tajlor-

rseAdcIcn eNint

Coe min* •

15 Sowrco. T

lloiow USD 0/02

Source: "Historical Geography of Coal Mining in The Edmonton District" by R.G. Ironside and S.A. Hamilton, Alberta Historical Review, Summer, 1972, p. 9.

L-8. Tipton Park/Southside Park/Riverside Park/Queen Elizabeth Park (1907On May 29, 1939, City Council passed a proposal to change the name Riverside Park to Queen Elizabeth Park, in memory of that year's royal visit to Edmonton. The park was originally developed in 1907 when twenty-seven acres of land were purchased by the City of Strathcona "from the Calgary and Edmonton Townsite Company at $500 per acre-I. The park still exists along the south bank of the river, east of the south approach to the 105 Street Bridge. In 1910, 22 more acres were added to the park. With pressure from Alderman Tipton, for whom the park was once named, many improvements were made to the park to beautify it. By 1912, a fenced-in area was built to house two moose; the beginning of the first zoo in Edmonton. The park became the favourite spot for locals and visitors; in fact, about 1,000 people visited it a day.2 By 1914, Riverside Park hosted well-attended band concerts, and the first municipal swimming pool was installed here in 1922. The park was once again enlarged in 1930 by 25 acres and in 1938, the City of Edmonton obtained 33 more acres from the W. Crafts Estate for $3,750 tax arrears.3 A giant patio checkerboard was installed in the park c.1931, and was a unique attraction in the City. The Edmonton Bulletin, on May 30, 1939, praised the park as "one of Edmonton's favourite beauty-spots."4

1 Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites", p. 45. 2 Ibid. 3 Dorsey, p. 45 and "History of Parks and Recreation", 1969, p. 8. 4 Edmonton Bulletin, 30 May 1939.

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- 12 SITE INDEX WALTERDALE

PAGE

Boarding House (1909-1915)

W-1.

Dennis Brown & Company (pre-1908-1917)

W-2.

High Level Bridge (1913-

W-3.

)

High Level Bridge Ford/Old River Ford

W-4.

Mathias Collin/Henry John Collins/"Muchias" Residence (1853-1939)

W-5.-6.

Ochsner Brewery/City of Edmonton Artifact Centre (1894-

W-7.-8.

105th Street Bridge/Walterdale Bridge (1914-

)

W-9.

Pollard Brothers Brickyard Limited (1898-1915)

W-10.-11.

Strathcona Coal Mine (1905-1911)

W-12.

Strathcona Tannery (1897-1915)

W-13.

John Walter Company Steamboat Dock (1890s-c.1915)

W-14.

John Walter Sawmill, Lumberyard and Boatyard (c.1893-1915)

W-15.-17.

John Walter's First Ferry (Upper Ferry) (1876-1913)

W-18.

John Walter's Ford

W-19.

John Walter's Residences (1875-

)

Church of Christ (1906-1910)/Walterdale School (1910-1942)

W-20. W-21.

Boarding House (1909-1915) A Boarding House was once located on Pollard's Flat in Walterdale. Its owner was Patrick McManus, a mechanic. The earliest record of this Boarding House was in Henderson's 1909 directory.1 The last recorded date of Patrick McManus' residence at Pollard's Flat was 1915.2

1 Henderson's Directory, 1909. 2 Ibid., 1915.

W-2. Dennis Brown & Company (pre-1908-1917) 10615 - 92 Avenue The first grocery business in Walterdale was under the proprietorship of Dennis Brown.1 His store served the diverse needs of the community for many years. Customers from Walter's sawmill, Pollard Brickyard, Strathcona Tannery, and various coal mines and homes in the area patronized the store daily. The store was connected to Mr. Clarke's butcher shop. On April 16, 1908, Strathcona City Council received an irate letter from Dennis Brown describing the considerable damage the City's main water pipe had done to his basement.2 He claimed the pipe had burst and damaged his "personal and household effects".3 Brown wanted reimbursement. The City Engineer, J. Turner, investigated the matter and reported no burst or leak of any kind. He discovered that the ground around the structure was the lowest spot on that street, hence, the cellar formed a drainage for all surface water, especially melting snow from the Brewery hill.4 The City rewarded Brown fifty dollars, nearly one-third of what he asked for. Meanwhile, Brown & Company had to conduct their business in a canvas ice cream parlour while the building was closed for internal alterations. A notice on the door read "Closed, please go to tent". Above this, "Don't risk the fever, disinfect your home with Chloride Lime."5 Some time in 1917, Dennis Brown closed down his grocery business.

Roy Devore, The History of Walterdale (Edmonton: n.p., 1956), p. 13. 2 City of Edmonton Record Group 1001, Correspondence of the Strathcona City Secretary-Treasurer. Class 9/55-89, Jan.-May, 1908. 3

Ibid.

4 City of Edmonton Archives Record Group 1001, Correspondence of the Strathcona City Secretary-Treasurer. Class 9/90-124, June-Sept., 1908. 5 Strathcona Plaindealer, 29 May 1908.

D. Brown & Company Emporium. The grocery store is at the right of the photograph. June 1915. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-25-34.

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W-3. High Level Bridge (1913High above, and close to the old Hudson's Bay Company river ford, stretches a steel bridge of 157 feet in height, 2,478 feet in length, and 43 feet in width. Since its completion in 1913, the High Level Bridge (at 109 and 110 Streets) has been an easily distinguishable landmark in the City. 1 Construction on the bridge began in August 1910 and was ccxnpleted three years later. For the first time, C.P.R. trains could enter Edmonton directly from the south; whereas had they previously used the E.Y.P. connection across the Low Level Bridge. On the crest of the bridge ran the C.P.R. tracks, upon which both the trains and the Edmonton Radial Railway street cars ran daily. A road for vehicles, encased by metal bars, is sandwiched between two pedestrian paths.2 The High Level Bridge is supported by thirty-two piers and pedestals. There are four large central piers, one at each end of the bridge. 5 John B. Gunn and Sons of Winnipeg received the contract for the construction of the bridge. Cost of the High Level Bridge ran to $2,000,000; an amount shared by the C.P.R., the Federal and Provincial Governments, and the City of Edmonton.4

1 Tony Cashman, The Best Edmonton Stories (Edmonton: 1976), pp. 120-122.

Hurtig Publishers,

2 J. G. MacGregor, Edmonton: 1967), P. 201.

Hurtig Publishers,

A History (Edmonton:

3 Ruth McConnell, John Priegert and Roderick J. Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System: Inventory and Analysis, Archaeological and Historical Sites" (Edmonton, Parks and Recreation 1980), p. 77. (Hereafter cited as "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System"). 4

Edmonton Bulletin, Anniversary Issue, 1911.

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High Level Bridge taken from the Southeast. Bedard's Tannery is underneath the Bridge. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta. E. Brown Collection. B3300.

Old Fort with Legislative Buildings and Construction of High Level Bridge, 1912. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta, E. Brown Collection B.6595

W-4. High Level Bridge Ford/Old River Ford Before any bridges or ferries appeared to play major roles in the transportation system of Edmonton, the most popular place for Indians and fur traders to cross the North Saskatchewan River from the south bank was a spot immediately west of the present High Level Bridge.1 A shallow point along the North Saskatchewan River, the ford brought travellers conveniently close to Fort Edmonton, located on the north river bank.

1 Marie Dorsey, "Possible Heritage Sites in the North Saskatchewan River Valley in Edmonton" (Edmonton, Alberta Culture, 1974); and McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 77.

W-5. Mathias Collin/Henry John Residence (1853-1939)

Collins/Muchias- (Cree for -Big Head-) and

For years, a small shack near the south bank of the North Saskatchewan River was the home of a dwarf-sized, but powerful half-breed, Mathias Collin. Mathias, or "Muchias" was born on February 24, 1853 at Lac St. Anne, the son of Richard Collin, a Hudson's Bay Co. employee, and Genevieve Bryeres. In 1870, Muchias came to Fort Edmonton and was accepted as a Hudson's Bay Company clerk.1 He was responsible for the entire Fort's water needs. With a lame horse and a stone-boat, Muchias hauled barrels of water from the North Saskatchewan River up the Fort's hilly river path. Though squat in stature, Muchias possessed an incredibly powerful body. One summer his incredible strength and his familiarity with the river, enabled him to save an Indian girl from drowning.2 During his term at the Fort, someone renamed him "John Collins".3 In the late 1890's,4 Muchias went to work at John Walter's sawmill, located in Walterdale. No employee could have been more faithful and more loyal than "Little Henry", a name John Walter gave to Muchias.5 Even after Walter's death, "Little Henry" remained a loyal servant to Mrs. Walter. Despite his absolute devotion to the Walter family, Muchias never received payment for his work. Instead, Walter invested all Muchias' wages for his "Little Henry"; a fact secret to Muchias' knowledge even at death.6 While working for John Walter, Muchias resided in a small cabin across the street from the Walter home. The house was furnished with dwarf-sized

McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 67.

2 Edmonton Journal, 28 April 1959. 3 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 10. 4 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 67. 5 Devore, p. 10. 6 Ibid.

W-6.

Mathias Collin/Henry John Collins/'Muchias" (Cree for "Big Head") and Residence (1853-1939) (continued) furniture. For meals, Muchias always cooked in an open-fire pit outside the four-foot high front doorway. In 1950, the house was taken down.8 The Edmonton Journal reports that six years before his death in 1939, Muchias retired to the home of his niece, Mrs. Mary Calahoo.9 However, Roy Devore writes that Muchias was, for six months, under the care of the Catholic Sisters of St. Albert before he passed away .10

8 City of Edmonton Archives, "Woodsmoke", Mathias Collin File. (Published for Canada Girl Guides). 9 Edmonton Journal, 18 September 1939. 10 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 10.

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W-7. Ochsner Brewery (1894 -1903)/Alberta Brewing and Halting Company (1903-1906)/ Strathcona Brewing and Malting Company (1906 -1914)/Northwest Brewing Company (1923 -c.1945)/Carling O'Keefe (c.1945-1977)/City of Edmonton Artifact Centre

(1977-

)

10542 Saskatchewan Drive Still visible at 10542 Saskatchewan Drive, the brewery, established in 1894 by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Ochsner, was built over an underground spring in the present Queen Elizabeth Park. The newer part of the complex has been retained as an artifact warehouse for the City of Edmonton while the older section of the building was torn down in 1977. Two breweries started up in 1894, one on the north side of the river and one on the south side. The south side plant was the Ochsner Brewery, built with lumber credited by John Walter)- Mr. Ochsner acted as manager and salesman and Mrs. Ochsner was the brewmistress. In the spring of 1895, beer, porter and ales were produced and delivered locally as well as to Wetaskiwin and Leduc. By the early 1900's, the plant employed 10 persons and the various brands were sold for 25 cents a pail.2 In 1902, the Ochsners decided to renovate the plant. They added more buildings as well as an automatic bottling machine, which made 50,000 bottles per day.3 Besides the Strathcona plant, Ochsner also owned a small brewery in Edmonton, which he had acquired from Kelly and Omand.4 Agents were placed in Edmonton, Fort Saskatchewan and St. Albert. On October 1903, Ochsner sold the enterprise to a group of businessmen from both Edmonton and Strathcona. They renamed it the Alberta Brewing and Malting Company Limited,5 and Ochsner was appointed manager of the new company. In December 1906, the plant was purchased by Colonel Staunton, and it subsequently was renamed Strathcona Brewing and Malting Company.6 Ochsner traded his interest of the company for a three thousand acre ranch near

1 The Edmontonians, 17-23 June 1967, p. 5. 2 St. John's Edmonton Report, 29 July 1974, p. 15. 3 John Gilpin, "The City of Strathcona 1891-1912" (unpublished Thesis, University of Alberta, 1978), p. 100. (Hereafter cited as "City of Strathcona"). 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid., p. 101. 6 Ibid.

W-8. Ochsner Brewery (1894-1903)/Alberta Brewing and Malting Company (1903-1906)/ Strathcona Brewing and Malting Company (1906-1914)/Northwest Brewing Company (1923-c.1945)/Carling O'Keefe (c.1945-1977)/City of Edmonton Artifact Centre (1977- ) (continued) Bittern Lake; and there he retired from beer making.7 The new company moved its head office to Wetaskiwin. Business lasted until 1914 when economic depression, war, and Alberta's vote for prohibition resulted in the company's demise .8 In 1923, prohibition was dropped in a plebiscite and a group of war veterans (25 in all) decided to start up the brewery again with $25,000 capital. They called the company "Northwest Brewing Company, Limited". Bruin Beer and Bohemian Maid brands (introduced in 1928) were produced. Disagreement between stock holders over the control of stock led to the sale of the plant to theCarling O'Keefe empire.9 Robert Ochsner came to Chicago from Germany in 1894 at the age of eighteen, and in the same year, he reached Edmonton. Ochsner was a civic leader and a booster while he was a brewer in old Strathcona.

7 The Edmontonians, 12-17 June 1967, p. 5. 8 St. John's Edmonton Report, 29 July 1974, p. 15. 9 Ibid.

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Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1954 (revised to 1959).

W-9. 105th Street Bridge/Walterdale Bridge (1914In 1912, the City started construction work on the 105th street bridge to further establish the link between north and south Edmonton. The Bridge took two years to complete.1 In 1914, residents of Walterdale and Rossdale Flats found themselves within easy distance to a cross-river route.2 In 1949-50, the bridge was redecked and lowered when the City redesigned it to accommodate motor traffic rather than horse-and-buggy.3 It is now 702 feet long and has a 45 foot clearance. It is supported by four concrete piers.4

1 Edmonton Journal, 27 October 1962. 2 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System". 3 Edmonton Journal, 3 December 1960. 4 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, p. 78.

105 Street Bridge Looking East, Power Plant on North Shore. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. B3295. 11.A.

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Looking West from Skunk Hollow (Lavigne).

Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-1066. 1910

W-10. Pollard Brothers Brickyard Limited (1898-1915) 10957 - 93 Avenue Initially, the Pollard brothers built their brick plant south of the town of Strathcona on land acquired from Thomas Anderson.1 By 18982 or 1899,3the brothers had re-established themselves an the 10.8 acres of land they had purchased from Laurent Garneau. The brick plant at one time occupied the land just west of the present day High Level Bridge below its south approach. Later, 3.3 of the 10.8 acres were expropriated by the C.P.R. when they started construction on the High Level Bridge in 1910.4 Since their arrival in Strathcona, John and Frank Pollard of Pollard's Brickyard resided in the brick house they had built in 1892.5 The house stood near the river shore on Pollard's Estates, which later became the site of their plant. Not only did they build the house themselves, the bricks used were fashioned by hand; and the clay for the bricks came from the brothers' property.6 Even when they operated the brickyard, the process for getting clay was still by hand. Brick clay came from the area south of the plant and then hauled up ramps to the mining shed.7 Other buildings such as Holy Trinity Church in Strathcona and St. Anthony's Church were built with bricks manufactured in Pollard's brickyard.8 Pollard's family residence contained seven rooms9 with the kitchen and dining hall (which later became the dining area for a crew of 50) on the ground

1 Gilpin, "City of Strathcona", p. 96. 2 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 8; and McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 50. 3 Gilpin, p. 96. 4 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, p. 8. 5 Devore, p. 8. 6 Devore, p. 8. 7 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 51. 8 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 8. 9 City of Edmonton Archives, Cherry Collection, p. 17.

W-11. Pollard Brothers Brickyard Limited (1898-1915) (continued) floor.10 It had symmetrical windows set into red brick walls and the whole structure stood on a solid brick foundation four feet thick.11 In 1903, a ,pressed brick machine was installed at the plant to increase production.14 A substantial market for mud red brick led to the incorporation of the company on October 1, 1909.13 Closure of the plant during World War I and the Flood of 1915 rocked the prosperous business. In 1919, the company decided to go public in an attempt to reopen the business. They failed to attract shareholders, and in that year, the City took control of the property for back taxes.14

10 Devore, p. 8. 11 city of Edmonton Archives, Cherry Collection, p. 17. 12 Gilpin, "City of Strathcona", p. 96. 13 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 50. 14 Ibid.

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Walterdale in foreground. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta . Photograph Collection. A1075A.n.d.((

W-12.

Strathcona Coal Mine (1905-1911) In 1905, John Walter, W. E. Ross and A. C. Rutherford obtained a permit for the purpose of developing the coal deposits behind Walter's lumberyard near the top of Walterdale Hill.1 The pit head was in line with 108 Street. The Strathcona Coal Company was the first such company in Northern Alberta to install a perpendicular shaft - all other coal mines were drift mines run on the level of the coal seams. Srathcona's shaft went down 100 feet.2 The wall seams averaged 5 feet and were about 94 feet below surface4. One of the mine's customers was the City of Strathcona Power Plant.5 On the evening of June 8, 1907, tragedy hit the mine.6 A surface fire entered the mine shaft and burned the ladder, thereby trapping 5 of the 25 men working below. George Lamb, the pit boss, resided in a shack nearby and noticed the fire, but his attempt to warn the men came too late. Mr. Lamb later died of smoke inhalation. A total of 6 men died on this fateful evening. The mine reopened but finally closed on March 31, 1911.7 productive years, the mine produced 78,485 tons of coal.8

During its

1 Gilpin, "City of Strathcona", p. 97. 2 Ibid. 3 D. B. Dowling, "The Edmonton Coal Field" (Ottawa Government Printing Bureau, 1910), p. 50. 4

Ibid.

5 Gilpin, p. 97. 6 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 9. 7 Ibid. 8 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 22.

Strathcona Coal Mine.

Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-79-7. n,R.

W-13. Strathcona Tannery (1897-1915) Attracted by news of gold in the North Saskatchewan River, Firmin Bedard, an experienced tanner, left St. Paul Minnesota with sons "Billy and Samuel", and arrived in Strathcona in 1895.1 Failing to find gold, Mr. Bedard decided to open up a tanning business in Strathcona. In 1897,* the Strathcona Tannery commenced operations, the first business of its kind in Northern Alberta .2 The tannery once welcomed customers on the northwest corner of Whyte Avenue and 110 Street.3 Within the walls of two log buildings, Bedard and his sons tanned fur, hides and leather. Around June 1898, the business was moved to Walterdale, and on two acres of purchased land, a new tannery building was erected.4 This new building was situated east of Pollard's Brickyard and west of the High Level Bridge. By 1902, leather goods from the plant were shipped to Calgary, Vancouver and to various eastern cities.5 Strathcona Tannery came to an end after the Flood of 1915. Extensive damage forced its permanent closure.

*Note: Heitzmann's Report states the Bedards bought the Walterdale property in 1895 and the Strathcona Tannery was started in 1896. Gilpin in his M.A. Thesis states that the tannery business had commenced its operations in October 1897. It wasn't until June 1898 that the business was relocated in Walterdale. 1 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 9. 2 Gilpin, "City of Strathcona", p. 93. 3 Ibid. 4

Ibid., and McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 51.

5 Gilpin, p. 93.

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Strathcona Tannery. Bedard and Pollard Families with hides. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-1425. e,l'1)(5-

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Walterdale in foreground. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. A1075A. (e 191 I)

W-14. John Walter Company Steamboat Dock (1890's-c.1915) A steamboat dock built by John Walter in the 1890's was used as wintering quarters and a loading area for ferries, dredges and steamships. The dock was placed at the south end of John Walter's ford.1

1 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 72.

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W-15.

John Walter Sawmill, Lumberyard and Boatyard (c.1893-1915) After staking his claim and building a house on the south bank of the river around 1876, John Walter continued building boats for the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Edmonton, and for the Government of the Northwest Territories. By the fall of 1894, Mr. Walter was operating a portable sawmill he had acquired to enter the timber trade and to support his boat-building business.' According to John Gilpin, Walter formed a partnership with William Humberstone in 1895; this partnership lasted until November 1901.2 However, Roy Devore's chronicle on John Walter states 1893 is the year of the Walter and Humberstone partnership.3 Devore also mentions that the partners purchased mill machinery from Moore and McDowell. In 1895, the mill was equipped with an electrical generator.4 Logs for the sawmill were first obtained in the vicinity of Big Island. In later years timber was acquired from forest leases located 125 miles upriver from Strathcona.5 In the winter, men would cut logs and stockpile them until they could be floated to the mill. The mill had a floor space of about 20,000 square feet; and was powered by 50 h.p. boilers and three engines, which collectively produced a total of 175 h.p 6 By 1903, one hundred men worked in the sawmill.7 The mill hands received $1.75 per day with lunch; and the teamsters $35.00 per month with board.8 In February 1905, John Walter, Limited was incorporated.9

1 Gilpin, "City of Strathcona", p. 94. 2 Ibid. 3 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 7. 4 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 51. 5 Gilpin, "City of Strathcona", p. 94. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 7. 9 Gilpin, p. 94.

W-16. John Walter Sawmill, Lumberyard and Boatyard (c.1893-1915) (continued) In 1906, John Walter built another sawmill at North Edmonton; and the capacity of both mills in 1911 ranged between 135 and 140,000 feet of timber per day. 10 Products such as rough and dressed lumber, sash, doors, mouldings, lath and railway ties were either rafted or shipped by rail to various regions of Alberta, and even as far as Saskatchewan.11 However, a portion of the production went into Walter's carriage and sleigh works, as well as his boat building industry.12 Throughout the company's history, a total of seven blacksmiths worked at making and repairing carriages, wagons, sleighs, barges, and other vehicles in Walter's carpentry shop north of 93 Avenue near the riverbank.13 During the gold rush of 1897, many gold prospectors purchased sleds, toboggans, boats and dredges manufactured in the boatyard.14 Walter's company also built ferries and steamboats which Walter operated for a few years on the river. In 1876, Mr. Walter built and operated a scow. The first custom-built steamer was "Lillian Bee", which was sold to a Mr. Butterfield who used it in northern lake transportation.15 In 1882, John Walter built and launched the "Belle of Edmonton", the first cable ferry operated in Edmonton. Walter also built a side-wheeler called the "City of Strathcona", and in 1907, he constructed a 132 foot stern-wheeler, the "City of Edmonton", to haul lumber barges on the weekdays and carry pleasure seekers to Big Island on weekends and holidays. The island was 18 miles up river from the loading dock below the Low Level Bridge." A round trip cost 504, but women and children only paid 24.17

10 Ibid. 11 Ibid., p. 95. 12 Ibid. 13 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 7. 14 Devore, "The North Saskatchewan River", City of Edmonton Archives, North Saskatchewan River File. 15 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 7. 16 Devore, "The North Saskatchewan River". 17 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 7.

W-17.

John Walter Sawmill, Lumberyard and Boatyard (c.1893-1915) (continued) abandoned on the sand bar below the High Level Bridge when it sank there in 1918.18 John Walter's sawmill and boatyard were the cornerstone of a once thriving community known as Walterdale, named after John Walter who first pioneered there.19 Few pioneers could claim so much on their homesteads: 3 homes, a lumberyard, a sawmill, and a boat-building works. Both of John Walter's sawmills, which had for many years supplied the lumber for most of the buildings in Edmonton and Strathcona, were wrecked beyond recovery in the Great Flood of 1915. A previous flood in 1899 (though less serious) had already dealt a severe blow to Walter's lumbering industries, but the 1915 Flood and the First World War virtually wiped out lumbering in Edmonton. The great industrialist, who was well known as "Honest Jock", died on December 25, 1920. The last twenty acres of his original homestead were sold to Crafts, Lee and Gallagher for $600.00 per acre.2u In the 1960's the City of Edmonton acquired the land and the Walter houses and retained the site as the Walterdale Historic Park.21

18 Edmonton Journal, 31 December 1964. 19 E. A. Corbett, McQueen of Edmonton (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1934), p. 37. 20 Devore, The History of Walterdale, pâ&#x20AC;˘ 7. 21 Ibid.

John Walter's Sawmill with "City of Edmonton' and "City of Strathcona" in front. c. 1911. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-1427.

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W-18.

John Walter's First Ferry (Upper Ferry) (1876-1913) John Walter was the first man to establish a much needed cross-river link In 1876, the scow he had built in his between Edmonton and Strathcona. boatyard in Strathcona was ready for its first voyage.' Walter would row the scow from a spot near his first house on the south bank of the river to the other bank, where a road led up to Fort Edmonton.2 In 1881, he started building a ferry which was ready for service in 1882. 3 He strung a cable which he had hauled from Winnipeg across the river and operated the first cable ferry west of Winnipeg.4 The cable was strung a little upstream from where the 105th Street Bridge now is. 5 Dubbing the ferry "Belle of Edmonton", Walter charged 10 cents per passenger, man or horse .6 When John Walter began his river transportation business, he used his first house as his ferry office:7

1 Edmonton Journal, 27 October 1962.

2 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System", p. 72. 3

Edmonton Journal, 27 October 1962.

4 Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 6. 5 McConnell, Priegert and Heitzmann, p. 72. 6

Edmonton Journal, 27 October 1962.

7 Devore, p. 3.

The Edmonton to Strathcona Ferry.

John Walter's Upper Ferry: The Edmonton to Strathcona Ferry. c. 1900. Credit: City of Edmonton Archives. EA-10-1225.

Rossdale Power Plant on left, 1904. John Walter's Ferry at Walter's Sawmill. Crr(lit.: Provincial Archives of Alberta, E. Brown Collection A. 3004

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W-19. John Walter's Ford "This ford was directly down from J. Walter's land on R.L. 9. It connected the Calgary Trail to the St. Albert Trail, with offshoot trails to Stony Plain and Fort Saskatchewan."

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W-20.

John Walter's Residences (187510627 - 93 Avenue, 10633-93 Avenue, 10806-93 Avenue John Walter, pioneer lumberman and sawmill operator in Strathcona and Edmonton, arrived in Canada in 1870 at the age of 21, as a Hudson's Bay Company employee. He was born in the Orkney Islands of Scotland on August 12, 1849. For five years he worked as a boat builder in Fort Edmonton three years to pay off his passage and two more years for a land claim. Walter received from the Hudson's Bay Company ten pounds per year plus meat.' After five years at Fort Edmonton, John Walter homesteaded on the river flat area south of the present 105 Street Bridge. He built a house in 1875 which came to be a river ferry office, a stopping house, a general store, and a telegraph station. The Dominion Telegraph spur line to Edmonton was installed in Walter's house and Alex Taylor sent the first gessage from here in 1879. When Edmonton was surveyed in 1882, Walter's property became River Lot 9. His land encompassed 107 Street to 109 Street and the south riverbank to University Avenue. In 1884, Walter built his second house. It was probably built 100 feet east of the first house, but moved to its present site in 1907. It was restored in 1962-63, as part of the John Walter Historic Site. 2 John Walter married in 1886, and completed his third house in 1901, west of the other two houses and the lumber mill. Built of local lumber and bricks from Pollards' Brickyard, this house was moved to the Walter Site in 1974. Although not built by John Walter, a fourth house, built in 1910, is also on its original site in the John Walter Historic Park. In 1908, John Walter purchased River Lots 10-16 from Thomas Anderson, thus expanding his property. 3 Although Walter died in 1920, Mrs. Walter stayed on this property until 1940 at 10806 - 93 Avenue.4 In 1958, the City of Edmonton Archives and Landmarks Committee established one of John Walter's houses as an historic site, and by the early 1960's, the City had taken ownership of most of the property. For several months in 1973-74, a public debate brewed over moving the buildings to Fort Edmonton Park or leaving the buildings on site. Eventually the City decided to retain the buildings on site, and in 1974, the John Walter Historic Park was established and is operated by the City of Edmonton Parks and Recreation Department.

Devore, The History of Walterdale, pp. 3-4. Alberta Culture Historic Site Research File, R2L. Ibid Henderson's Directories, 1920-1941. Alberta Culture Historic Site Research File, R2L, and City of Edmonton Archives John Walter File.

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•,

W-21.

Church of Christ (1906-1910), Walterdale School (1910-1942) 10627 - 91 Avenue The Walterdale community held their first religious services in a tent in 1907. The services were led by members of the Church of Christ because there was no ordained minister available at the time.1 However, a new church building was already being planned, because the Strathcona Plaindealer announced in April, 1906 the extension of the Church of Christ to accommodate a baptistry at the back of the church's new hall. A concrete baptistry was put in the hall that autumn, but was not completed due to cold weather. Later, with community efforts and contributions, a large frame church building was finally erected.2 Before long, membership dropped. Finally, in 1910, the Public School Board bought the church and converted it to the first school in the Walterdale community.3 On January 3, 1911, the school opened with Miss Chegivin as the first teacher. About thirty of Walter's Flats children attended the one-room school that year.4 Following the Flood of 1915, the school was closed, but lessons resumed in September, 1918. In 1923, a brick schoolhouse called the "Walterdale Public School" was erected. However, teacher and student shortages resulted in its closure in 1947.5 Meanwhile, the old church-school building was used for another purpose. The Walterdale Community League, formed in 1920, used it as a community hall for concerts, whist parties, dances and other social activities. Later, the Centre was condemned as a fire hazard and local sentimentalists moved the building to a new site on the School Board's property. World War II and a migratory population resulted in the demise of the community league and the hall, the latter being sold for "scrap" in 1942.6

1 Roy Devore, The History of Walterdale, p. 12. 2 Strathcona Plaindealer, 3 April 1906. 3 Devore, p. 12. 4 Strathcona Plaindealer, 3 January 1911. 5 Devore, p. 12. 6 Ibid.

Source: Charles E. Goad's Insurance Map of Edmonton 1954 (1959).

1 4Era i

Houses 105 Street Bridge Looking East, Power Plant on North Shore. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta Photograph Collection. 83295. md.

Edmonton - Description View.

Walterdale in foreground. Credit: Provincial Archives of Alberta , Photograph Collection. A1075B.n A.(c.1110

- 13 RECOMENDATIONS

The following suggestions if implemented, will close the gap between this study's documentation of the data and the interpretation of the data. An analysis of historic sites would explain economic, social and phys ical makeup of the communities, culminating in the selection and incorporation of sites into future developments. In the following points, the word "site" will refer to vacant sites, buildings or structures of any type. 1.

Research the demographic and social history of the neighbourhoods and prepare a historical summary of the four communities based on their development and changes in land use patterns from past to present, in the context of the history of Edmonton. Identify how events happening in Edmonton and Canada affected the communities' development. Analyze historical land use of the areas, comparing land use in the river valley to land use in other areas of Edmonton. Make tables of demographic information.

Evaluate existing sites according to Edmonton Historical Board criteria and rank the sites.

After making assessments on the historical/architectural value of sites, locate cohesive sites which may warrant consideration as a group.

Make recommendations on incorporating existing sites into future river valley plans. Discuss why certain sites are relevant and should be protected. Make recommendations regarding the management of significant sites within the river valley.

Map sites on the orthophotos as other biophysical features were mapped.

Make this report available to agencies responsible for programming and interpreting the study areas, e.g. Parks and Recreation's Development Branch and Outdoor Recreation and Interpretive Services Branch, so that public interpretation programs, based on the historical data, can be developed by the appropriate departments.

Record location data for each site in the Parks & Recreation "Mapper Sys tern".

Identify existing private homes in the communities that have significant commercial, social, or biographical histories. Add the relevant information to this report and to the "Mapper Sys tem" .

- 14 -

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- 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alberta Companies Branch. Edmonton Cement Products Ltd., Microfilm No. 2895, Edmonton. . Edmonton Concrete and Construction Company Ltd., Microfilm No. 421, Edmonton. Molson Brewery Ltd., Microfische File 107-01-02-00002, Edmonton. . Crown Sand and Gravel Company, Ltd., Microfilm No. 4360, Edmonton. . Grady Cast Stone Company, Ltd., Microfilm No. 2650, Edmonton. "Capital City Recreation Park", Historical Resources Site Aresco, Ltd. Files, Edmonton, 1977. Bedford, Elaine. "An Historical Geography of Settlement in the North Saskatchewan River Valley", M.A. Thesis, University of Alberta, 1976. Blue, John. Alberta Past and Present, Vol. II, Chicago: Pioneer Historical Publishing Company, 1924. Campbell, C. S. "Report on the History and Development of Renfrew Baseball Park", 1937, Parks and Recreation File, City of Edmonton Archives. Cashman, Tony. The Edmonton Story, Edmonton, 1956. . More Edmonton Stories, Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1958. . The Best Edmonton Stories, Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1976. City of Edmonton Archives Files: Bennett School File William Bird File Cherry Collection City of Edmonton Building Permits City of Edmonton Record Group 1001, Correspondence of the Strathcona City Secretary-Treasurer, 1908 W. H. Clark File "Woodsmoke", Mathias Collin File "History of Parks and Recreation", 1969, Parks and Recreation File McKay Avenue School File Donald Ross File Wolfe and Hine File

- 16 -

City of Edmonton Planning Department. 1974.

Historical Structures in Edmonton,

Corbett, E. A. McQueen of Edmonton, Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1934. Day, John. Personal communication, Edmonton, 1981. Demereiz, Burt. Edmonton, 1985.

Bennett Environmental Centre, personal communication,

Devore, Roy. "The North Saskatchewan River", North Saskatchewan River File, City of Edmonton Archives. . The History of Walterdale, Edmonton, 1956. Dorsey, Marie. "Possible Heritage Sites in the North Saskatchewan River Valley in Edmonton", Edmonton: Alberta Culture, 1974. Dowling, D. B. "The Edmonton Coal Field", Ottawa Government Printing Bureau, 1910. Driscoll, A. Map, Municipality of the Town of Edmonton, Alberta, N.W.T., 1903, City of Edmonton Archives. Edmonton Bulletin. Edmonton Bulletin Anniversary Issue, 1911, City of Edmonton Archives. Edmonton Daily Capital. Edmonton Historical Board. Edmonton's Lost Heritage, Edmonton, 1982. . Edmonton's Threatened Heritage, Edmonton, 1980. Edmonton Journal. Edmonton Journal Anniversary Issue, 1913, City of Edmonton Archives. Edmonton Parks and Recreation, General Files, McKay Avenue School File. , List of City Parks, 1931. Edmonton Post Journals, Hudson Bay Archives, Winnipeg. Edmonton Saturday News. The Edmontonians, 1967. Gilpin, John. "The City of Strathcona, 1891-1912", M.A. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1978.

- 17 Charles E. Goad, Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1907 revised to 1911, Provincial Archives of Alberta. , Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1913 revised to 1914, City of Edmonton Archives. Heitzmann, R. J., Ruth McConnell, John Priegert. "North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System: Inventory and Analysis: Archaeological and Historical Sites", Edmonton Parks and Recreation, 1980. Henderson's Directory of Edmonton. "History of Parks and Recreation", 1969 Parks and Recreation File, City of Edmonton Archives. Lowe's Directory, 1899. City of Edmonton Archives. MacDonald, George Heath. Edmonton-Fort-House-Factory, The Douglas Printing Co., Ltd., Edmonton, 1959. MacGregor, J. G. Edmonton: A History, Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, 1967. MacRae, Archibald O. The History of Alberta, Western Canada History Company, 1912. Mundy's Map of the Twin Cities: Edmonton Archives.

Edmonton & Strathcona, 1911, City of

Nineteen Hundred and Ten, Edmonton, 1910, City of Edmonton Archives. Northern Alberta Certificates of Title, Alberta Land Title Office, Edmonton. Ockley, Beatrice. "A History of Early Edmonton", M.A. Thesis, Department of History, University of Alberta, 1932. Person, Dennis and Carin Routledge. Edmonton, Portrait of a City, Reidmore Press, Edmonton: 1981. Plan of the Town of Edmonton, N.W.T. Edmonton Base Map - 1891, University of Alberta Map Collections. Priestley, Norman F. Historical Review, 1956.

"Half an Hour's Drive from Edmonton", Alberta

Saint John's Edmonton Report, July 29, 1974. Sinclair, J. Gordon. "Sixty-Five Years Young", Edmonton, 1946. Strathcona Plaindealer. Underwriters Survey Bureau Ltd. Insurance Map of Edmonton, 1954 revised to 1959, City of Edmonton Archives.

- 18 -

University Practicum, "Inner City River Valley Land Use: ' Edmonton", Department of Extension, University of Alberta, 1975. Bennett Environmental Educational Centre, personal White, Cathy. communications, Edmonton, 1981.

- 19 -

Appendix The following are catalogue numbers for additional photographs of several sites: EA = City of Edmonton Archives B = Provincial Archives of Alberta A = Provincial Archives of Alberta 1. Edmonton Power House (Edmonton Electric Light Plant and Rossdale Power Plant.) EA-10-875, 1899 EA-10-667, 1908. 2. Fort Edmonton (Edmonton House) B.9984, 1884 A.4706, n.d. (c.1914) 3. Incline Railway (Edmonton Inclined Railway Company) EA-267-99, c.1910 EA-278-11, c.1910 4. Huff Ice Gang (Huff Grading Company, Ltd.) EA-157-87, 1903 5. Anderson's Brickyard (Edmonton Pressed Brick Company Ltd.) EA-157-99, 1903 EA-157-155, 1905 EA-500-190, 1909 6. Strathcona Power Plant EA-95-9, c.1914 7. Strathcona Park/Southside Park (Tipton Park, Queen Elizabeth Park) EA-95-10 c.1914 (moose) EA-95-8 c.1914 (path) EA-95-7 c.1914 (bandshell) EA-500-278 1913 (path & buildings) EA-10-1152 1930-35 (swimming pool) 8. Henry Collins ("Muchias") EA-205-9, n.d. 9. Ochsner Brewery (Alberta Brewing & Malting Co., Strathcona Brewing & Malting Co.). EA-250-8 c.1911 EA-250-10 c.1898 EA-250-12 c.1908 EA-250-15 c.1900 EA-53-02 c.1900 10.John Walter's Sawmill and Ferry B.5628, 1903