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Fair dreams and aspirations ... A Grain of Wheat Growing Seven Ears (with) a Hundred Grains in Every Ear

Fertilizer industry and returns are of great importance to the economies of fertilizer producing and exporting Arab countries; bearing in mind that 90% of the total Arab fertilizer production is export-oriented. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the Arab fertilizer production value has exceeded an amount of USD 35 billion in 2008. The fertilizer industry in the Arab region is based on possessing the required raw materials, which represent 70% of the international reserve of phosphate, extending from Iraq in the east to Morocco in the west. The region further possesses 30% of the natural gas international reserve together with sulphur and potash, which are the main raw materials needed for the production of phosphatic, nitrogenous and NPK fertilizers. Arab production of tri-super phosphate also is estimated by 38% of the international production followed by 27% of phosphate rocks. Taking in consideration the expectations accompanying the witnessing of fertilizer industry and trade sector of an actual recovery and an increase in demand during 2010 and the following years, a special strategy is required for fertilizer producing countries in a means to cover the rising need in fertilizer demand, of 2.5% - 3.5%, and a solution is deemed to the problems facing Arab region fertilizer industry and trade. Fertilizer industry is considered a key production factor, essential actor in the agricultural development process and a major player in increasing the agricultural productivity, especially in the VKHG RI WKH DJULFXOWXUDO LQWHQVLĂ€FDWLRQ VWDWXV IROlowed by most Arab countries. The aforementioned challenges impose great responsibilities on such an industry, hence requiring inter-cooperation between the different concerned bodies, so as to assimilate all the new techniques

Eng. Mohamed Abdallah Mohammed

AFA Chairman Deputy Minister Ministry of Industry & Minerals (Iraq)

that lead to cutting the production costs, utilizing the available resources, improving the quality and preserving the environment. In the light of the previously stated points, the opportunity is now therefore provided to expand the chemical fertilizer industry domain and provide all the Arab countries needs via an integrated formula, which undoubtedly necessitate entrenching cooperation and coordination between Arab countries LQ WKH ÀHOG RI FKHPLFDO IHUWLOL]HU SURGXFWLRQ DQG inter-trade increase, in a world controlled by big economic entities. Heading from such a principle and bearing in mind the provision of all integrated and specialized production factors, with reference WR IHUWLOL]HU ÀHOG DQG LWV ZLGHO\ VSUHDGLQJ VWDWXV in the Arab region, factors of which include inter DOLD VSHFLDOL]HG H[SHULHQFHV LQ IHUWLOL]HU ÀHOG DFFXPXODWHG ÀQDQFLDO LQYHVWPHQWV DQG UHTXLUHG UDZ materials provision. In order to make use of the former factors, it requires seriously thinking of establishing a project or more, for a big Arab company, concerned with producing different kinds of fertilizers (nitrogenous, phosphatic, potash), including developed and state-of-the-art technologies among integrated production units together with a sincere participation from Arab countries or their special sectors and the fertilizer consuming counties such as Syria, Yemen, Sudan and others. Such is to be carried out by countries in order to contribute in achieving the food security sublime goal in addition to other goals, namely transferring such an industry modern technologies and establishing strong integrated and ideal manufacturing entities capable RI IDFLQJ WKH WHFKQRORJLFDO FKDOOHQJHV DQG WKH Ànancial crisis which seem endless ‌.. This is thus viewed as a fair aspiration and a realizable dream.

Mr. Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed Vice-Chairman

Mr. Meki Said Board Members

Mr. Hedhili Kefi Tunisia

Mr. Khalifa Al-Sowaidi

2009 AFA Awars ...................................................................... 9

Studies & Researches APC Hot Leach Plant - Up-Grading & Process Improvements ............................................ 28 Fertil Carbone Dioxide Recovery (CDR) Unit ............... 32

Qatar Mr. Mohamed El-Mouzi Egypt Mr. Mohammed S. Badrkhan Jordan Mr. Mohamed Benchekroun Morocco Mr. Abdel Rahman Jawahery Bahrain Mr. Mohamed R. Al-Rashid UAE Mr. Fahad Saad Al-Sheaibi Saudi Arabia Mr. Jihad N. Hajji Kuwait Mr. Adel Balushi Oman Mr. Khalifa Yahmood Libya

AFA Board of Directors

Chairman

Mr. Saleh Yunis

Fertilizers and Climate Change ..................................34 Sustainable Food Security and its Impact on Fertilizer Demand ...............................................38

Sustainability of World Nutrient Reserves ...................44

Corporate Strategies for the Development & Implementation Industrial Projects ...........................48

Syria

Editor-in- Chief

Dr. Shafik Ashkar

Secretary General Deputy Editor-in- Chief Mrs. Mushira Moharam Members of Editorial Board (General Secretariat) Eng. Mohamed M.Ali Mr.Yasser Khairy Member of Editorial Board (Chairmen of AFA Committees) Eng. Osama Kamal AFA Economic Committee Chairman Eng. Saed Bokisha AFA Technical Committee Chairman Eng. AbdulRahman Zuraig AFA HSE Committee Chairman

Arab Fertilizers Issue Number (56) January- April 2010

Contents

â€?Arab Fertilizersâ€? Journal is published by the General Secretariate of Arab Fertilizers Association (AFA). AFA LV D QRQ SURĂ€W QRQ JRY $UDE ,QW¡O Organization established on 1975. AFA is operating under the umbrella of Council of Arab Economic Unity/ Arab League. AFA comprises all companies are producing fertilizer in Arab world in 14 Arab countries. All rights reserved. Single and multiple photocopies of extracts may be made or republished provided that a full acknowledgment is made of the source. The Journal is providing the chance for publishing adverts for the companies involved in manufacturing and trade of fertilizer and other agricultural inputs. The arrangements for that should be GLVFXVVHG ZLWK WKH MRXUQDO¡V PDQDJHPHQW The articles and all material contained herein do not necessarily represent the view of AFA unless the opposite clearly mentioned. The contributions of researchers, VWXGHQWV DQG H[SHUWV LQ WKH Ă€HOG RI fertilizer industry and trade are highly welcomed for free publication provided that they have not been published before. The General Secretariat is not obliged to return the articles which are not published. All correspondences to be addressed to: Arab Fertilizers Association P.O. Box 8109 Nasr City 11371 9 Ramo bld. Omar ben Khattab St. Nasr Road - Nasr City Cairo, Egypt Tel: +20 2 24172347 Fax:+20 2 24173721 +20 2 24172350 E-mail: info@afa.com.eg www.afa.com.eg Colour separation & printed by Tel : 37603396 - 37617863

Annual Forum 16th AFA Int’l. Annual Fertilizers Forum & Exhibition

...................................................................... 4

With Member Companies SABIC NET INCOME HITS SR 9.1 BILLION WITH A 26% INCREASE OF ITS 4th QUARTER RESULTS COMPARED TO 4th QUARTER ....................................................... 24 GPIC increases Methanol and Urea production ........... 25

Press Release Topsøe signs refining contract with PetroPeru .......... 26 Behavior Based Safety program ............................... 26 FERTIL Achieved RoSP0A Sector Award .................... 27 Spic exits Jordan JV ................................................. 27 From biomass to synthetic natural gas ..................... 27

Through 16 working papers, the Forum tackled a number of pivotal issues important of which: ‡ Fertilizer policies and world food security stability.

Minister of Investment: Five new companies were established during the last period, thus enabling Egypt to shift from being a fertilizer importing country to an exporting one.

Eng. Mohammad Adel Al Mouzi, Chairman of the Holding Company for Chemical Industries, delivered the speech on the behalf of His Excellency Dr. Mahmoud Mohieldin, Minister of Investment stating: ‡ Impacts of climate change. We would like to welcome all the attendants of such an International Forum held in Arab Republic of Egypt and organized annually by AFA in ‡ Supply and demand balance &DLUR UHĂ HFWLQJ WKH VWHDG\ GHYHORSPHQW ZLWQHVVHG E\ $UDE IHUWLOL]HU LQof fertilizers and its raw dustry based on major pillars, important of which the availability of industry outputs on the Arab level integrally vis-Ă -vis many regions in the materials. world. It is worth mentioning, in this regard, the existence of huge reserves ‡ ,GHDO H[SHFWDWLRQV RI IHU- of natural gas, phosphate rocks, potassium chloride and sulphur chloride tilizer use to enhance ag- WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH VSHFLDOL]HG H[SHUWLVH LQ DOO WKH LQGXVWU\ Ă€HOGV ,Q DGGLtion, the Arab region is located in the middle of fertilizer consumption ricultural productivity. markets of Europe, Asia, Africa and America, as the Arab region possesses 70% of phosphate rocks international reserves and 30% of natural gas in‡ Maritime shipping and its ternational reserves besides exporting about 90% of fertilizer production, impact on fertilizer trade. therefore occupying a special status among the international production. On Egypt level, fertilizer industry has witnessed a remarkable development during the last decade. In detail, after the concentration of fertilizer production in three nitrogenous fertilizer companies and two SKRVSKDWH IHUWLOL]HU FRPSDQLHV Ă€YH QHZ FRPSDQLHV ZHUH HVtablished during the last period, thus enabling Egypt to shift from being a fertilizer importing country to an exporting one. It is notable that Egypt current share reaches 30% of Arab region urea production besides exporting 60% of its production. The world witnesses now more development in fertilizer inGXVWU\ VLJQLĂ€FDQW IDFWRUV RI ZKLFK DUH WKH UHKDELOLWDWLRQ RI QLWURJHQRXV IHUWLOL]HUV¡ IDFWRULHV LQ 7DONKD &LW\ ORFDWHG LQ (J\SW 'HOWD DUHD DQG WKH DFFHVV WR QDWXUDO JDV IRU WKH Ă€UVW WLPH E\ the end of the last year, in south Upper Egypt in Delta Sugar and Kima projects. It is noteworthy that Kima Company factories will go through a development phase. These factories were established in 1950s and are still depending on hydroelectrical analysis technology, which is an old and costly technology. Development to these factories will be carried out via establishing a new factory using natural gas hence saving a Eng. Mohamed El-Mouzi huge amount of electrical energy estimated by 150 Mega Watt/ Hour, which is already required for cities electrical industrial networks and household consumption. We are looking forward to reach positive results out of your Conference, in WKH Ă€HOGV RI WHFKQRORJLFDO FRRSHUDWLRQ economy and environment preservation. We also wish to achieve more progress in such an industry on the international level, in a world burdened by great population growth and consequently a steady increase in food needs. We express our thanks to AFA secretariat and members for the distinguished Chairmen of Arab companies efforts exerted in organizing such a gathering.

Annual Forum

16th AFA Int’l. Annual Fertilizers Forum & Exhibition

2-4/2/2010 Cairo Semiramis Intercontinental Hotel

From L. to R. Dr. Ashkarm Eng. Mouzi, Eng. Mohamed Abdallah, Mr. Luc Maene & Dr. Tell Sponsored by His Excellency Dr. Mahmoud Mohieldin, Minister of Investment, the 16th AFA International Annual Ferilizers Forum and accompanying exhibition were convened on: February 2-4, 2010, in Cairo Semiramis Intercontinental Hotel organized by AFA under the theme:

Arab fertilizers

Fertilizer Industry: Further Step Ahead

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Mr. Mohamed Adel El-Mouzi, Chairman of Holding Company, attended the Opening Session of the Forum on the behalf of His Excellency Minister of investment, together with AFA Chairman Engineer 0RKDPHG $EGDOODK $)$ 6HFUHWDU\ *HQHUDO 'U 6KDÀN $VKNDU $)$ %RDUG PHPEHUV &KDLUPHQ RI Arab and international companies, Chairmen of international organizations related to fertilizers industry and 700 participants from 40 countries. 7KH GD\ )RUXP WRRN SODFH DORQJ ZLWK D QXPEHU RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO YDULDEOHV HVSHFLDOO\ after the proportional abatement of the international economic downturn. Moreover, opinions emphasize that 2010 and following years will represent the beginning of fertilizer industry and trade sector DFWXDO UHFRYHU\ DIWHU WKH UHODWLYH EUHDNWKURXJK LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ÀQDQFLDO FULVLV

LV VWLOO DIIHFWLQJ WKH VWDELOLW\ RI WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO Ànancial system. Besides, he added that it is a warnLQJ VLJQ VR DV WR VHW SROLFLHV FDSDEOH RI ÁH[LEO\ dealing with similar crisis in future. The best solution reached is the necessity of cooperating with one another as Arabs from one side and with the other countries from another side. AFA Chairman in his speech called upon all States to head to more investment in the agriculture sector, utilization and reclamation of as much as possible of lands, in order to provide more agricultural crops and to move away from investing in real HVWDWH ÀHOG DQG OX[XULRXV FRQVXPSWLRQ LQGXVWU\ Engineer Mohammad Abdullah also referred to AFA role stating that AFA represents a bright image of the Arab cooperation exceeding in its activities the promotion of cooperation with international organizations and companies to exchange expertise and to enhance Arab fertilizer industry status in addition to manifesting the contribution existing between its members. However, he said that they look forward to more activities from AFA, as AFA can serve and contribute in accomplishing human being goals targeting the achievement of food and environmental security not only in the Arab region but also solving hunger problem of which one quarter of developing countries population are suffering from. At the end of his speech, Engineer Mohammad Abdullah expressed thanks to AFA Board members for nominating Iraq representative as the chairman of the current AFA session. He also expresses his thanks for valuing his country role and AFA partnership. And here he focused on developing such a role for the sake of promoting cooperation between their institutions and Arab countries. He ended saying: May Allah grant us success for our people and the whole world

AFA Board of Director Members

Dr. Ashkar called the int’l. comm nity to concert efforts to set serious strategies in order to implement agricultural policies concerned with producing more food 'U 6KDÀN $VNDU delivered the following Speech at the Opening session: Fortunately, our gathering regularly meet on annual bases, privileged by the attendance of all fertilizer producing Arab companies and industry related Arab institutions and organizations together with their regional and international counterparts. Therefore, such a gathering underscores the economic sigQLÀFDQFH of fertilizer industry as an essen'U 6KDÀN $VNDU tial strategic sector and effective factor, playing a major role in raising agricultural productivity, supporting food system and promoting LQWHUQDWLRQDO VWUHQXRXV HIIRUWV WR ÀJKW WKH ZLGened scope and unprecedented rates of poverty and hunger. Being a tocsin, international political leaderships met in Rome Conference, convened in November 2009, in a heated attempt to rapidly contain the problem, before it is too late; moved by the number of hungry people - surpassing one billion persons – and the expectation of the world population to exceed 9 billion people by 2050. Such a situation will take place, despite of the total agricultural crop production reaching last year nearly 2300 million tons, with a surplus of about 90 million tons compared to total international food requirements, hence a clear imbalance is shown between food abundance and hunger. Remembering here the following saying: «food is a fundamental right for human beings.» 2Q DQ HTXDO IRRWLQJ ZLWK WKH VFLHQWLÀF SUHparedness made to face poverty and hunger,

Annual Forum Arab fertilizers

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AFA Chairman called all States to head to more investment in the agriculture sector, utilization and reclamation of as much as possible of lands, in order to provide more agricultural crops comes through political borders and neighboring Engineer Mohammad Abdullah, AFA Board countries. Chairman, started his speech, in the 16th AFA Third: global warming impact on the green covInternational Annual Forum, by welcoming the er, the decrease in pasturing areas and the fall in attendees, in his name and on behalf of AFA Board water rates, thus many Arab oil countries resorted members. He further expressed appreciation to the VLJQLÀFDQWO\ WR GHVDOLQDWLQJ VHD ZDWHU OHDQLQJ RQ Egyptian Government for its sponsorship to such fossil energy (oil and gas), which takes high costs, an annual international event, provided facilitaneeds advanced technology tions and given assistance to and highly pollutes the encontribute in the success of vironment. Therefore, it rethis international economic quires using the alternative forum of fertilizer indusenergy source determined try, an industry of food and for such an end together clothes. with directing investments AFA Chairman emphasized, to agriculture sector in other in his speech, on the fact that Arab countries enjoying the the human being is the core availability of water, arable action provider of the planet lands and labor in order to Earth. Human being happiachieve economic integraness, welfare and health are Eng. Mohammad Abdullah tion between Arab countries the priorities sought by all and ensure Arab bread basket. human activities with the aim of their achieveFourth: political instability and disputes created ment and the provision of the most suitable ciran investment discouraging atmosphere as a result cumstances to reach them, being sublime goals. of the coward capital and lacking a suitable legal He added saying: we know all of the previously or banking assuring environment, which normally mentioned issues and here we relate to them the attracts investments. Thus, it led to Arab funds imissue of hungry people in the world, exceeding a migration to other more stable countries, despite billion, despite of all the efforts exerted by instiof the fact that the Arab countries are the ones in tutions, associations and States to alleviate such D SKHQRPHQRQ DQG ÀJKW ERWK SRYHUW\ DQG KXQJHU dire need for such investment and agricultural investment in Arab region is of greater amount and Hence, such leads to fertilizer industry facing a sebigger added value. rious challenge, namely to contribute in boosting Engineer Mohammad Abdullah also referred to the agriculture productivity and producing more food ÀQDQFLDO FULVLV WKDW URFNHG WKH ZKROH ZRUOG ZKLFK agriculture crops to meet these directions. His Excellency further said it seems that there is a clear cut imbalance, in the light of the steady increase in population rate against the food crops production, thus widely maximizing hunger problem on the world level. 7KLV VLJQLÀFDQWO\ DIIHFWV WKH $UDEV! IRRG security, for several reasons, namely: First: increase in population rates is accompanied by an increase in food consumption, yet without balancing agricultural production, and even the agricultural lands decreased in many Arab countries. Second: decrease in Arab region share of suitable agriculture and potable water as a VIPs during the opening session result of the fall in rainwater rates, besides most of the water sources of the Arab region

‡ :LWK UHIHUHQFH WR WKH SUHYLRXVO\ PHQWLRQHG LVsues, AFA invited a galaxy of regional and international experienced experts and specialized people to tackle and analyze these issues. They would also highlight the international efforts in an attempt to narrow poverty gap and to produce and provide more food for people. These issues are closely related to the present and future of fertilizer industry. They further represent a challenge before the promotion of such an industry producWLRQ FDSDFLW\ DQG WKH SUHSDUDWLRQV WDNHQ WR IXOÀOO these requirements in order to increase production and provide food and clothes. In this regard, the continuous efforts led by FAO to such an end are highly appreciated. ‡ ,Q UHODWLRQ WR WKH VFLHQWLÀF UHVHDUFK LVVXH WDUgeting environment preservation, and pursuant to AFA strategy and respectable board policy aimLQJ DW WKH HQFRXUDJHPHQW RI VFLHQWLÀF UHVHDUFK LQ WKH ÀHOG RI DJULFXOWXUH IHUWLOL]HU XVDJHV IHUWLOL]HU industry and protection of both environment and human beings, and in continuation of the course AFA started from several years, the opening ceremony will include the announcement of the two AFA awards winners: First Award: is for factories distinguished in the ÀHOG RI +HDOWK 6DIHW\ DQG (QYLURQPHQW +6( preceded by a number of awards for researchers in IHUWLOL]HU LQGXVWU\ ÀHOG Second Award: is for the best practical researches PDGH LQ WKH ÀHOG RI UDLVLQJ WKH DJULFXOWXUDO SURductivity via usage of fertilizers. This is the fourth time for AFA to provide this award.

Mr. Jihad Hajji receiived HSE AFA Award

2009 AFA Awards After the inauguration speeches, the winners of AFA 2009 awards were announced. 1) Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) AFA award went for Petrochemical Industries Co. (PIC) - Kuwait. 2) 2009 AFA Award for the best reVHDUFK RU SUDFWLFDO ZRUN LQ WKH ÀHOG of fertilizer use and agriculture went for Dr. Mohammad Abdul Rahman $O :DNLO (Egypt) for his research Practical model for the evaluation of a multipurpose chemical fertilizer impact on raising the productivity of wheat and improving its quality.

‡ $OVR D QXPEHU RI OHDGHUVKLSV FRQFHUQHG ZLWK supporting fertilizer industry and AFA course will be honored. ‡ 2QFH DJDLQ , WKDQN WKH &RQIHUHQFH VSRQVRUV experts, speakers and participants, wishing them constructive interventions during our three day event and emphasizing on the strategic and pivotal role of fertilizer industry, which is indispensible for the service of Man and the provision of food and clothes. Looking forward to have a more prosperous world and a greener planet.

Dr. Mohamed Wakil, 2009 AFA Award Recipient

Annual Forum

strong calls from all over the world rose to warn against the attacking danger threatening mankind, that is to say the unmatchable rise in temperature degrees and the emergence of global warming phenomenon with its negative aspects and direct impacts on the global and human beings futures, as a result of the accumulating reactions of various activities, at the top of which industrial activity besides other destructive actions committed against our world. ‡ +XQGUHGV RI UHVHDUFKHV DQG VWXGLHV HPSKDVL]HG the fact that the Earth planet temperature has risen to high levels and is approaching an increasing hike in temperature degrees, as proved by the icemelting phenomenon, which in return will lead to an increase in the water level in rivers and oceans and an ongoing erosion of shores, thus, exposing many cities, coastal agricultural lands and estuarLHV¡ GHOWDV WR ERWK HURVLRQ DQG VDOLQLW\ OHDGLQJ WR people movement and millions of geographical migration waves.

Arab fertilizers

‡ ,Q WKH OLJKW RI WKH LUUHIXWDEOH IDFWV DQG WKH WURXEOLQJ SUHVVLQJ UHVXOWV RI WKH VRDULQJ ÀQDQFLDO FULsis, widened poverty and hunger gap, high rates of unemployment, decrease in rainfall average, consecutive draught waves, limited agricultural lands, burst in population and repeated migration waves from rural to urban areas searching for better job opportunities and living standards;

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‡ :H IURP VXFK D SRGLXP DQG RQ \RXU EHKDOI call upon the international community to concert efforts to set serious strategies in order to deal with the current unprecedented challenging reality, design and implement agricultural policies concerned with producing more food, execute reclamaWLRQ VFKHPHV WR ODQGV ÀJKW GHVHUWLÀFDWLRQ apply good governance practices in agriculture and fertilization, launch extension programs to raise agricultural productivity in addition to rationalizing water resources usage, in the shed of the existing competition over water usages between industrial and agricultural needs and potable water, especially in the Arab region, which is actually suffering from draught and decrease in per capita share of water. ‡ 'HVSLWH DOO RI WKH DIRUHPHQWLRQHG VWUHVVLQJ

and pressing indicators, the convention of such an International Annual Conference is crowned with optimism concerning fertilizer industry, as manifested in the slogan Further Step Ahead. Hopes prevail that 2010 would be a new qualitative phase and a leap for fertilizer industry to recover from the shock of the international economic downturn, ZKLFK LPSDFWV DIà LFWHG WKH ZRUOG VLQFH WKH ODVW quarter of 2008 and expanded to reach and affect all economic and social development programs and sectors, hence leading to the loss of enormous resources and the escalation of unemployment, poverty and hunger problems in most of the world regions with varying rates. ‡ )HUWLOL]HU LQGXVWU\ VHFWRU ZDV VLJQLÀFDQWO\ DIIHFWed. To elaborate, it faced a decrease in the fertilizer purchasing power and demand, resulting in a serious drop in prices, consequently leading to some companies being forced to decrease their productivity to cope with demands level. ‡ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG IHUWLOL]HU SURGXFLQJ $UDE companies worked on evaluating their performance and reconsidering their requirements so as WR OHVVHQ SURGXFWLRQ FRVWV PD[LPL]H WKH EHQHÀWV from production inputs components, save expenditures, assess plans and promote productivity. Thus, getting prepared for a new era, as Indicators show signs of improvement in the business atmosphere, rise in demand and gradual increase in prices, hence promising that 2010 and the following years would be a new step in fertilizer industry trade, leads to an expectation increase of demand ranges between 2.5% and 3.5% annually.

Delegates showed a keen interest during the Forum sessions

Annual Forum

AFA honored Leaderships:

‡ $)$ &KDLUPDQ IRU VHVVLRQ H.E.Engineer Khalifa Al Sowaidi, Managing Director of QAFCO – Qatar +H LV DQ LQGXVWU\ PDQ DQ H[SHUW LQ WKH ÀHOG RI fertilizer industry, a Managing Director of one of the biggest fertilizer companies in the Arab region and the world. He contributed, since joining AFA Board of Directors membership then chairmanship, devotedly and generously in serving AFA goals, strategy and course, representing State of Qatar and occupying an advanced status in the ÀHOG RI HQHUJ\ SHWURFKHPLFDOV DQG FKHPLFDOV

Arab fertilizers

‡ $)$ &KDLUPDQ IRU VHVVLRQ H.E.0U 0RKDPPHG 1DMLE %HQFKHNURXQ Adviser to the Cabinet of the President Director General - OCP Group, Morocco He is an economist, a distinguished international marketing expert, an eminent leader, highly expeULHQFHG LQ WKH ÀHOG RI IHUWLOL]HU LQGXVWU\ +H UHSresents phosphate fertilizer industry of Morocco, EHLQJ DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO OHDGHU LQ VXFK D ÀHOG +H collaborated effectively, since joining AFA Board of Directors membership then chairmanship durLQJ LQ SURPRWLQJ $)$ FRXUVH HIÀFLHQWO\ DQG professionally.

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‡ &KDLUPDQ RI +HDOWK 6DIHW\ DQG (QYLURQPHQW (HSE) Committee for 2008/2009 session: Eng. Said Khalifa, Safety Division Manager of Egyptian Fertilizers Company Health, Safety and Environment Committee is one of AFA specialized committees. Besides, it is one of the effective parties implementing AFA Board policies, aspirations and annual plans in cooperation with AFA secretariat. The Committee includes regional representatives of AFA member companies and specialized experts, known for their highly practical and professional experiences, reJLRQDOO\ DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDOO\ LQ WKH ÀHOG RI KHDOWK safety and environment in addition to their many DFFRPSOLVKPHQWV LQ WKH VDLG ÀHOG

AFA introduced a regular tradition of honoring leaderships concerned with fertilizer industry in general and supporting AFA work course, goal and strategy achievement, those believing in AFA mission, fertilizer industry strategic role in economic and social development ÀHOG EHVW XVH RI QDWXUDO UHVRXUFHV DQG SURYLsion of food and clothes.

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Annual Forum

1

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Arab fertilizers

At the end of the ceremony the Sponsors of the Forum were also honored. Worthy of great honor is the support, enhancement and generous hospitality always provided by AFA Egyptian member companies, believing in the role of Arab industry and the status of such an international event, being the most renowned of its kind on the Middle East level.

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Chemical Industries Holding Co. 1. Mr. Mohamed Adel Mouzi Egyptian Financial & Ind. Co. 2. Mr. Yehya Kotb Abu Qir Fertilizers Co. 3. Mr. Ahmed Gayar Delta Fertilizers & Chemical Industries Co. 4.Mr. Ali Maher Ghoneim Helwan Fertilizers Co 5. Mr. Mohamed Adel Danaf Alexandria Fertilizers Co Mr. Osama Ganainy Abu Zabaal Fertilizers Co. Dr. Sherif Gabaly ORASCOM Construction Industries 8. Mr. H. Khattab on behalf of Mr. N. Saweras

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Misr Fertilizers Production Co. 9. Mr. Osama Kamal Al Nasr Co. for Fert. & Chem. Indus. SEMADCO. 10. Mr. Mohamed AbdelHamid Naser Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA) 11. Mr. Yehya Mashalli El-Nasr Mining Co. 12. Mr. Nageh Farghali Evergrow For Specialist Fertilizers 13. Mr. Mohamed Kheshin Aqua Trust for Water Treatment Co. 14. Mr. Majed Yassin

7KH 'U\EXON )UHLJKW 0DUNHW ² 7UHQGV DQG 2XWORRN

Volatile Shipping 0DUNHWV )DFLQJ High Uncertainty

Mr. Robert Haggquist

'U\ EXON )UHLJKW $QDO\VW &ODUNVRQV 8.

/DVW \HDU ZDV LQ PDQ\ ZD\V SUHGLFWHG WR EH D GLIĂ€FXOW \HDU for the dry bulk market. Strong freight markets in the years up to 2008 led ship owners to place record orders which together with weaker demand as a result of the economic downturn was expected to push freight rates into lower territory. The outcome was not the collapse many KDG H[SHFWHG DV &KLQD¡V XQVDWXUDWHG GHPDQG IRU UDZ PDWHrials rescued the market and the tsunami of new ships was pushed into the future. The presentation will take the audience through dry bulk demand drivers and tonnage supply including a discussion about the newbuild order book and overall dry bulk market outlook relevant for the fertilizer industry. FRQYHUVLRQ 7KLV PD\ EH MXVWLĂ€HG E\ WKH IDFW WKDW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI QDWXUDO JDV LV EHFRPLQJ WKH PRUH SURĂ€WDEOH the deeper such transformation is. Thus, in case of naturals gas cost increases in two times, the price of ammonia increases by 50% and urea only by 25%. Further converVLRQ LQWR PHODPLQH GHFUHDVHV WKLV Ă€JXUH E\ RQO\ This aspect is widely discussed at the recent international events and is of great interest for international producers and consulting companies. Recently, our company has executed several economic studies on this matter for our customers. Our paper includes calculations and concluVLRQV EDVHG RQ GLIIHUHQW VLJQLĂ€FDQW IDFWRUV QDWXUDO JDV Ă XFWXDWLRQV DQG LWV FRUUHODWLRQ ZLWK SURVSHFW SURĂ€W UDWHV Key points of presentation will be the following: - Economic conditions for production of nitrogen fertilizers; )DFWRUV GHĂ€QLQJ IHDVLELOLW\ IRU FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI IHUWLOL]HUV and melamine units; (VWLPDWLRQ RI QDWXUDO JDV FRVW LQĂ XHQFLQJ RQ GRZQVWUHDP products net price; )RUHFDVW RI QDWXUDO JDV FRVW E\ ,QĂ XHQFH RI LWV Ă XFWXDWLRQV WR WKH ZRUOG PDUNHW VLWXDWLRQ RQ WKH H[DPSOH of urea market.

Mr. Jarle Hammer

Shipping Adviser, Hammer Maritime Strategies, Norway

Dry bulk markets fared better than expected in 2009, after the brutal FROODSVH LQ WKH ÀQDQFH DQG VKLSping markets in late 2008. At end 2009, the Baltic dry bulk index was almost four times higher than one year before, but only at one third compared with two years ago. Prospects continue to be blurred by an overwhelming order book for new vessels. The container market faced a severe decline through the year, and medium size LPG carriers engaged in ammonia trade also saw a substantial decline in rates. Economic prospects are now less bleak in industrial countries, whereas China and some other emerging economies continue to show impressive growth. It is assumed that most of the economic growth in China in 2009 was due to domestic stimulation programmes, as exports have suffered strongly. Whether the world economy will soon be back in good shape remains to be seen, but for shipping, the aftermath of excesVLYH RUGHULQJ EHIRUH WKH ÀQDQFLDO crash will remain tough for still some time.

Annual Forum

The Papers in Brief Fertilizers and Human Nutrition

7KH 6XOSKXU 0DUNHW 2XWORRN

0U 0LNH .LWWR

Principal Consultant, British Sulphur Consultants, UK

Mr. Luc Maene

Arab fertilizers

Director General IFA, France

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More than one billion of the almost seven billion people on Earth are hungry and undernourished while some three billion suffer from the so-called “hidden hungerâ€? caused E\ PLFURQXWULHQW GHĂ€FLHQFLHV 7KH agriculture sector plays an important role in addressing food and nutrition security and should produce not only enough but also nutritious food. A successful agriculture secWRU DOVR SURGXFHV VXIĂ€FLHQW HQHUJ\ and nutrients that are key to human health and well-being. The judicious use of fertilizers provides the necessary nutrients for highly productive crops and animals. Fertilizers can also be used to channel into the food chain nutrients that are essential to human development, such as zinc and selenium. The challenge for the fertilizer industry is to properly support the agriculture sector in increasing the availability and affordDELOLW\ RI GLYHUVLĂ€HG QXWULHQW ULFK foods from the limited arable land, while protecting the environment and mitigating climate change.

In recent times, the global sulphur market has gone through a period of unprecedented volatility due to rapid swings in the balance of supply and demand. The paper offers a forecast of the sulphur market balance in the period to 2017, focusing on the production outlook for the Middle East, North America DQG WKH IRUPHU 6RYLHW 8QLRQ &KLQD¡V IXWXUH VXOSKXU LPport requirements; and the prospects for sulphur and sulphuric acid use in ore leaching.

(FRQRPLF (IĂ€FLHQF\ RI 1DWXUDO Gas Conversion:

Conditions for development for nitrogen fertilizers production and derivatives. Situation in Russia, CIS and correlation with world tendencies

0U 0LFKDHO .DUWRYHVFKHQNR

Deputy Commercial Director for International Business R & D Institute of Urea, Russia

Recent price growing for major natural resources includLQJ QDWXUDO JDV RI FRXUVH QHJDWLYHO\ LQĂ XHQFHV SURĂ€WDELOity of nitrogen fertilizers production but at same time may bring fertilizer producers to the idea of deeper natural gas

ABU ZAABAL Fertilizers & Chemicals Co. (Egypt) AZFC is one of the two manufacturers of SSP (Powder & Granulated) fertilizer and the sole manufacturer of TSP (Granulated) & Phosphoric Acid in Egypt. In addition to producing Sulfuric Acid, AZFC is one of the oldest Egyptian Industrial companies. Fax: +20-2 33381875 Email: sherif@elgabaly.com ORASCOM Construction Industries (Egypt) ORASCOM Construction Industries is a leading international construction contractor and fertilizer SURGXFHU EDVHG LQ &DLUR :H DUH RQH RI (J\SW·V largest corporations with projects and investments across North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. 2XU FRQVWUXFWLRQ JURXS UDQNV DPRQJ WKH ZRUOG·V top global contractors and operates under three distinct and separate brands. OCI targets large industrial and infrastructure projects principally in North Africa and the Middle East. The BESIX Group undertakes major commercial, industrial and infrastructure projects throughout Europe, northern and central Africa and the Middle East. Contract International pursues institutional projects in the Middle East. To complement our construction businesses, we have investments in manufacturers of fabricated steel products, glass curtain walling, paints and concrete pipes, as well as investments in two property management companies. Our fertilizer group specializes in the production of nitrogen-based fertilizers. We have investments in facilities in Egypt and Nigeria, with one fertilizer plant under construction in Algeria. These RSHUDWLRQV DORQH ZLOO UDQN XV DPRQJ WKH UHJLRQ·V largest fertilizer producers. We are actively looking for new investment opportunities to grow this business into a global leader. HELWAN Fertilizers Co. (Egypt) 3URGXFWLRQ PDUNHWLQJ RI 8UHD IHUWLOL]HUV 3URGXFWLRQ VWDUWHG VLQFH 0DUFK <HDUO\ SURGXFWLRQ FDSDFLWLHV - 650.000MT Granular Urea 46.5%N. -400.000MT Liquid Ammonia 0DUNHWLQJ As export oriented company, HFC distributes its urea product all over the world (USA, Canada, Europe, Asia and Africa). Fax: +20 2 25026504 E-mail: hfc01@hfcegypt.com Website: www.hfc-egypt.com

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Exhibition Exhibitors’ Profile

Arab fertilizers

Alexandria Fertilizer Co.ALEXFERT (Egypt) is an Egyptian joint stock Co. ALEXFERT is an export oriented company for full production quantity. The company is located in the south Mediterranean coast enjoying the advantage of export to Europe, Americas and West Africa from Abu Qir, Dekhela ports. The plant name plate capacity is 2000 mtpd anhydrous ammonia. ALEXFERT licensed and issued capital is 500 Million US Dollars. Fax: +20 3 5603024 E-mail: info@alexfert. com Website: www.alexfert.com

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Egyptian Financial & Industrial Co. E.F.I.C (Egypt) Egyptian Financial & Industrial Company is one of the leading companies in Egypt for producing and marketing: I.Phosphatic fertilizer: - Granulated & powder single super phosphate fertilizer total P2O5 18% & 20%. 2. Compound fertilizer NPK (2:18:0), (20:10:0). 3. Commercial sulphuric acid (98% conc.). 4. Ferrous sulphate purity 98% min. 5. Sodium Flousilicate purity 98% min. Fax: +20 40 254 2773 +20 2 2393 8578 (PDLO VÀH#VÀH FRP HJ :HE VLWH ZZZ VÀH FRP HJ

Ruwais Fertilizer Industries – FERTIL (United Arab Emirates) FERTIL, a one of ADNOC Group of Companies, The prime objective behind establishing the company was to utilize the lean gas supplied from the RQVKRUH Ă€HOGV RI %DE $VDE DQG 7KDPPDPD & WR manufacture fertilizers and to market them locally and internationally. The Plant is located in Ruwais Industrial zone, about 235 km from the city of Abu Dhabi. It comprises an Ammonia and Urea processing plant. The installed capacity of the ammonia plant is 1,050 MTPD and 1,500 MTPD for urea. The plants have fully integrated utility units with storage facilities. The company has been continuously improving its technology and productivity. Today, ammonia production stands at 1,310 MTPD and urea 1,850 MTPD. Fax: +971 2 6026800 Email: info@fertil.com Website: www.fertil.com Research and Design Institute of Urea and Organic Synthesis Products (Russia) Research and Design Institute of Urea and Organic Synthesis Products was established in 1952 as a branch of the State Institute of Nitrogen Industry focusing on application of nitrogen production technologies in FSU. In the beginning of 90-ies our company was privatized and transformed into a Joint Stock Company “Research and Design Institute of Urea and Organic Synthesis Productsâ€?, ZLWK LWV KHDG RIĂ€FH LQ WKH WRZQ RI ']HU]KLQVN km eastward of Moscow. Within the past decades, our company realized above 100 projects of petrochemical production plants, providing extensive range of design, research and procurement services. Our technical solutions implemented at urea plants helped to maintain urea production in the FSU in the most severe times and even boost urea production after collapse of the Soviet Union. Nowadays we are a full-scale engineering company and a licensor of urea production technologies with all necessary research, diagnostic and procurement departments to realize a grass root or revamping project. Research and Design Institute of Urea has internationally patented more than 400 technical innovations. We are constantly upgrading our solutions providing continuous research aimed at urea process improvements. We offer our prospect clients the following innovative services: License and comprehensive engineering of

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AQUA TRUST for Water Treatment Co. (Egypt) ‡ 6ROXWLRQV RI DOO WKH SUREOHPV UHODWHG WR WKH ZDWHU industries. ‡ 'HVLJQ DQG WDLORU PDGH ZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SURgrams with unlimited possibilities by using a completely new reliable types of chemicals to prevent corrosion/ scaling/ fouling. ‡ $TXD 7UXVW DSSOLHV D XQLTXHO\ DGDSWDEOH RQ stream cooling water systems cleaning to remove deposit and scales within 48 hours, from the entire systems without the need of shut-down and off-stream boiler cleaning. ‡ )ROORZ XS RI WKH WUHDWPHQW SURJUDP DW WKH FXVtomer - site. ‡ $GYDQFHG DQDO\VLV DQG PHDVXUHPHQWV FDUULHG RXW in Aqua Trust R and D labs and Science Center for Detection & Remediation of Environmental Hazards (SCDREH) AZHAR University, through the mutual protocol of cooperation between SCDREH and Aqua Trust. Fax: +20-2 4184910 Email: aqua@aquatrust.net ZZZ DTXDWUXVW QHWÀUPV FRP

Arab fertilizers

EVERGROW For Specialty Fertilizers (Egypt) Evergrow is an Egyptian company specialized in producing compound fertilizers itemized as follows: Potassium sulphate , Urea phosphate, Calcium nitrate (powder + liquid), NPK 19-19-19, NPK 12-3-43, Mono Potassium Phosphate, Mono Ammonium phosphate , Calcium Chloride )D[ ‡ (PDLO HYHUJURZ#HYHUgrow.info

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Energya STEEL SOLUTIONS (Egypt) energya STEEL SOLUTIONS is established to serve the requirements of a wide range of industrial projects, meet the increased global demand, and to furnish specialized support to heavy process plants in Egypt, Middle east, GCC countries and Africa. energya STEEL SOLUTIONS has the capacity to provide multiple engineering services, starting from design, supply, fabrication, galvanization, painting, site delivery and erection of structural steel, process steel equipments (plate works), tanks, pressure vessels, stacks, equipments, over head transmission & telecommunication towers, lighting poles, monopoles, distribution poles, grating, pre-engineering and galvanized steel wires. E-Mail: info@energyasteel.com Website: www.energyasteel.com

amongst is Windmoller & Holscher, Datewyler, Seigwerk & more. General Cylinders has a high experience in the ÀHOG RI à H[RJUDSKLF DQG 5RWRJUDYXUH PRUH WKDQ 20 years. Machines: o FFS machines (Our Scope) o Film production o printing machines General Cylinders also has the competitive advantage of being part of the industrial system in Egypt through owning one of WKH IHZ IDFWRULHV RSHUDWLQJ LQ WKH ÀHOG RI &\OLQders manufacturing that can be incorporated not only in the printing machines, but which are essential and are an integral component of manufacturing machines in many industries. Strong & powerful portfolio that we have agreements with ELJJHVW UHSXWDEOH PDFKLQH PDQXIDFWXUHUV à H[ suppliers such as: Agencies: we are representing as an agent and sole distributer. Windmoller & +ROVFKHU 3ULQWLQJ SUHVVHV ([WUXGHUV &DVW ÀOP lines and Bag making machines – FFS Packaging Machine ) GERMANY. (It is open for GC just only paper sacks ((Cement)) out of agreement). Ashe (Slitter rewinders, doctor machines) ENGLAND Max Daetwyler (Rotogravure engraving lines and Doctor blades) SWITZERLAND Renzmann (Washing and Distillation units) GERMANY Softal (Corona Treaters & Pins) GERMANY Zecher (Ceramic anilox cylinders) GERMANY Recycle (Special cleaners for Anilox & coating cylinders) FRANCE Easterlam (PE & PET doctor blades) ENGLAND Used machinery: We are selling and serving the market with used equipPHQW JUDYXUH à H[R ODPLQDWLRQ DQG VOLWWHUV DV well capable to dismantle And reassemble most of the machines we sell. Factory: we are producing Anilox and plate cylinders; Gear wheels; Printing units; Accessories for printing units ...etc.

COMSPAIN XXI (Spain) COMSPAIN is a Spanish engineering company manufacturing of industrial machinery for transformation of solid products. We are a 30 year old business with several hundreds of partial equipments and turnkey systems worldwide, in the chemical, mining, quarries, composting plants, SHWURFKHPLFDO IHUWLOL]HUV HWF LQGXVWULDO ÀHOGV having specialized ourselves specially in the fertilizer market, as you can see in our website page www.comspain.com. We are associated with the Stated Owned EPC Indonesian Company, PT REKAYASA INDUSTRI with more than 1.200 employees. We are also able to do local manufacturing with our owned control and warranties. Bravo Murillo, 23 - 28015, Madrid- Spain Phone: +34 914 489 955 Fax: +34 914 475 477

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urea and melamine production plants; - Development and realization of revamp concepts for urea production facilities with capacity increasing and reduction of energy consumption; - Process monitoring and equipment conditions assessment; - Inspection of process piping and vessels; - Development and delivery of high-pressure equipment; - Business planning, feasibility studies, investment estimation; - Facilitating of environmental protection issues when implementing developed projects.

MITRA S.K. Private Limited (India) We are internationally reputed inspection & testLQJ KRXVH KDYLQJ WKHLU RIÀFH LQ ,QGLD -DSDQ &KLna, South Africa, Indonesia, Jordan, Iran, UAE, Hong Kong & UK. We do the inspection and testLQJ RI GLIIHUHQW UDZ PDWHULDOV ÀQLVKHG SURGXFWV of fertilizer like Rock Phosphate, Urea, MOP, DAP & Sulphur. For more details you can visit our website www.mitrask.com Fax: +91 33 2265 0008 Email: arbhattacharyya@mitrask.com www. mitrask.com

Arab fertilizers

TECPLAN Engineering and Services GmbH Engineering Company for planning, consultancy and re-construction of industrial plants, supplying of -Heat Exchangers, Boilers, Vessels, Columns -Pipe-Forming, Tube-Bends, Helical & Flat Coils, Spirals, Syngas Cooler, Heat Transfer Oil Plants -Pipes, Tubes and Fittings, Valves, High Alloy and Resistant Steel TECPLAN Engineering and Services GmbH Friedhofstrasse 72 D-63263 Neu-Isenburg Germany Phone : +496102 – 3 80 87 Fax : +496102 – 329 338 eMail : info@tecplan-gmbh.de www. tecplan-gmbh.de

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General Cylinders GC – TCS General Cylinders is a major company in the (J\SWLDQ PDUNHW RSHUDWLQJ LQ WKH ÀHOG RI VXSSO\ing packaging machines Rotogravure and Flexo, printing and packaging machines supplies and consumables like inks and cleaners, in addition to the provision of pre-sales, after sales and technical consulting services. We have three branches in the Middle East Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia (GC + SPS + KSA = TCS). General Cylinders stands against its competition in the market for being recognized as an agent for a group of the giants and quality manufacturers in their respective industries,

Annual Forum Arab fertilizers

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GEMACO SA (Belgium) Stainless steels - Nickel alloys - Alloy steels Specialities Urea grades: 316 L UG - 1.4466 (25.22.2 – UNS S 31050) Nitric grades: 1.4361 - 1.4335 High carbon: 304 H - 316 H - 321 H - 347 H Heat resisting steels: 309/S - 310/S - P5 - P9 - P11 - P22 - P91 – .. Low temperatures: Gr 2 - Gr.3 - .. Expertise Emergencies Packages Tailor made products Extended stocks Programme :HOGHG DQG VHDPOHVV SLSHV WXEHV à DQJHV ÀWWLQJV bars, forgings, plates & sheets, bolting. Gaskets,. GEMACO SA Zoning Industriel des Hauts-Sarts Rue de Hermee, 245 4040 Herstal Belgium (Europe) TEL: +32/43.70.99.70 FAX: +32/43.70.99.71 E-mail: info@gemac.com www.gemac.com

for increasing production and sales quantities year on year even as margins came under pressure,” Prince Saud said. “This is very encouraging because the sales volumes were solid and increased, and every incremental increase in global GHPDQG EULQJV DQ LPSURYHPHQW LQ SURÀWDELOLW\ µ 3ULQFH 6DXG DOVR QRWHG WKDW WKH FRPSDQ\·V FRVW structure continues to be an advantage. “The inteJUDWLRQ RI 6$%,&·V VWUXFWXUH LQWR D VLQJOH JOREDO enterprise will offer even further cost advantages as the company leverages its strategic planning, supply chain management, and functional best practices across the global enterprise,” he said. In its meeting of December 21, 2009, the SABIC Board of Directors decided to recommend to the General Assembly to approve payment of SR 4.5 billion in cash dividends to the shareholders for 2009 at SR 1.5 per share. Eligibility shall be for shareholders registered in Tadawul on the date of WKH *HQHUDO $VVHPEO\·V PHHWLQJ VFKHGXOHG IRU April 2010.

About SABIC

Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) UDQNV DPRQJ WKH ZRUOG·V WRS ÀYH SHWURFKHPLFDOV FRPSDQLHV 7KH FRPSDQ\ LV DPRQJ WKH ZRUOG·V market leaders in the production of polyethylene, polypropylene and other advanced thermoplastics, glycols, methanol and fertilizers. 6$%,&·V EXVLQHVVHV DUH JURXSHG LQWR &KHPLcals, Polymers, Performance Chemicals, Fertilizers, Metals and Innovative Plastics. SABIC has VLJQLÀFDQW UHVHDUFK UHVRXUFHV ZLWK VL[ GHGLFDWHG Technology and Innovation centers in Saudi Arabia, Europe, the USA and India. The company operates in more than 40 countries across the world with over 33,000 employees worldwide. The company has 19 world-scale complexes in Saudi Arabia. Elsewhere, SABIC manufactures on a global scale in the Americas, Europe and $VLD 3DFLÀF Headquartered in Riyadh, SABIC was founded in 1976 when the Saudi Arabian Government decided to use the hydrocarbon gases associated with its oil production as the principal feedstock for production of chemicals, polymers and fertilizers. The Saudi Arabian Government owns 70 percent of SABIC shares with the remaining 30 percent held by private investors in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

GPIC increases Methanol and Urea production On the 24th of last December, H.E Shaikh Isa bin Ali AL Khalifa, Advisor to HRM the Prime Minister for Oil and Industrial Affairs and GPIC Board Chairman inaugurated the GPIC environmental friendly Carbon dioxide recovery plant. %HLQJ WKH ÀUVW RI LWV NLQG LQ WKH 0LGGOH (DVW WKH new recovery unit can capture 450 metric tons of CO2 per day. Captured CO2 will be used as feedstock for urea and methanol and will increase the Methanol production up to 120 metric tons per day, while Urea production will be able to achieve a total production of 80 metric tons per day. Meanwhile, the project is aligned with the efforts exerted by National Oil and gas Authority to regulate uses of Natural Gas due to limited quantities of WKLV VLJQLÀFDQW IHHGVWRFN However, Carbon dioxide recovery plant will not only increase production, it will also help preserve the environment by reducing human-caused global ZDUPLQJ DQG WKH VHYHUH LQFUHDVHV LQ (DUWK·V WHPperatures which leads to disastrous environmental consequences. Such balance will surely deliver additional economic value to Bahrain and will boost a FLYLOL]HG LPDJH RI WKH FRXQWU\·V LQGXVWULDO HQWLWLHV In a statement on the occasion, GPIC General Manager Mr. Abdulrahman Jawahery extended his WKDQNV WR WKH &RPSDQ\·V %RDUG RI 'LUHFWRUV SUHVLGed by H.E Shaikh Isa bin Ali AL Khalifa, Advisor to HRM the Prime Minister for Oil and Industrial Affairs and GPIC Board Chairman, who have been the catalyst behind this project from day one. He added that such project will help to increase production without increasing the consumption of Natural Gas. Completed in just 26 months, the project was constructed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd of Japan and the Bahraini sub-contractor MCSC, while the tech- provider Company was Technoment (MHI) of Italy.

With member Co.s For the 12 months period ending 31/12/2009:

SABIC NET INCOME HITS SR 9.1 BILLION WITH A 26% INCREASE OF ITS 4th QUARTER RESULTS COMPARED TO 4th QUARTER Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) reports FRQVROLGDWHG ÀQDQFLDO UHVXOWV WRGD\ IRU WKH SHULRG ended December 31, 2009. Net income for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2009 amounted to SR 4.58 billion, as compared to SR 0.31 billion for the same quarter in 2008, an increase of 1377 percent, and compared to SR 3.6 billion for the preceding quarter, an increase of 26 percent.

Arab fertilizers

Total income for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2009 amounted to SR 10 billion compared to SR 3.6 billion for the same quarter of the preceding year, an increase of 178 percent. 2SHUDWLQJ SURĂ€W IRU WKH IRXUWK TXDUWHU HQGHG 'Hcember 31, 2009 amounted to SR 7.8 billion, as compared to SR 1.7 billion for the same period in 2008, an increase of 359 percent. Net income for the 12 months ended December 31, 2009, totaled SR 9.1 billion, as compared to SR 22 billion for the same period last year, a decrease of 59 percent.

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3URĂ€W SHU VKDUH GXULQJ WKH PRQWKV DPRXQWHG WR SR 3.03 as compared to SR 7.33 for the same period last year. Total income for the 12 months amounted to SR 28.4 billion compared to SR 48.1 billion for the same period last year, a decrease of 41 percent. 7KH RSHUDWLQJ SURĂ€W IRU WKH PRQWKV DPRXQWHG WR SR 18.6 billion compared to SR 37.3 billion for the same period last year, a decrease of 50 percent. The increase of the net income for the fourth quarter as compared to the same period in 2008 is due

to the rise in prices and quantities sold of most petrochemical, plastic and metal products. ,Q UHOHDVLQJ WKH Ă€QDQFLDO GDWD 6$%,& &KDLUman HH Prince Saud bin Abdullah bin Thenayan Al Saud praised the excellent corporate operating performance. 2009 saw a total production of 59 million tons, an increase of 4 percent over last year. Sales totalled 46 million tons for the same period, an increase of 5 percent. Prince Saud explained that the decrease of net income in 2009 compared to last year can be attributed to the sharp decline in the prices of most products, especially for the Ă€UVW KDOI RI WKH \HDU GXH WR WKH JOREDO Ă€QDQFLDO DQG economic crisis. Prince Saud said, “As new production from SAB,&¡V SURMHFWV DW 6+$54 <$16$% DQG RXU SHWURchemical complex in China come on-stream during 2010, this will add to total company production and sales going forward. Also, as the global economy improves during the year, we expect to see demand for our products improve.â€? “SABIC has performed admirably this year in the IDFH RI XQXVXDO PDUNHW FRQGLWLRQV DQG KDV WKH Ă€nancial strength and strategy to take advantage of opportunities that emerge during economic turbulence,â€? he said. “SABIC continues to be able to make strategic moves, including expansion of capacity at existing facilities, and investments in new industrial plants.â€? He added. “We recognize the efforts and dedication of our management group and employees and credit them

FERTIL Achieved RoSP0A Sector Award Ruwais Fertilizer Industries (FERTIL) would OLNH WR H[SUHVV LWV VLQFHUH WKDQNV WR WKH 5R63$¡V Awards Committee for recognizing FERTIL 2008 entry and awarding the Company of prestigious Âś7KH &KHPLFDO 6HFWRU $ZDUG ² ¡ FERTIL is delighted that it has won ‘2008 ChemiFDO ,QGXVWU\ 6HFWRU $ZDUG¡ :KLOH )(57,/ LV IXOly committed to the protection of Health, Safety and Environment, participating in RoSPA reputed Awards and winning gives a special privilege and UHFRJQLWLRQ DV LW UHĂ HFWV WKH VWUHQJWK RI WKH PHDsure of Company HSE performance amongst the Chemical Industries. This Award demonstrates that FERTIL is devoted to promote a positive Health, Safety and Environment culture. On behalf of FERTIL Management Team, The

Spic exits Jordan JV FERTILISER Company Spic, which is working out a restructuring scheme and plans to restart the plants at Tuticorin, has exited from its 12-year-old joint venture in Jordan. Spic informed NSE on Tuesday it has entered into an agreement for the sale of its 52.17% stake in its subsidiary, Indo-Jordan Chemicals (IJC), to its principal JV partner Jordan Phosphate Mines (JPMC) for a consideration of $50.6 million (around Rs 227.7 crore). This is the large divestment by Spic after it turned sick. It has sold investments in businesses like seeds, LPG and EPC. When contacted, Spic chairman AC Muthiah told ET, “It is a good deal. We got a good valuation for our investment in IJC, which is debt-free. It will enormously help in the revival of Spic and make it a strong company. With the ship carrying naptha from IOC having arrived at Tuticorin, we hope to restart the production of fertilisers soon.â€? ,-& ZDV WKH Ă€UVW RYHUVHDV YHQWXUH SURmoted by Spic as part of its backward integration plan to source phosphoric acid for the fertiliser plants. The IJC project, set up at a cost of $170 million (Rs 740 crore), went on steam in July 1997. Spic had invested Rs 137.47 crore in the venture. It was one among the few standalone phosphoric acid units set up in the world.

General Manager Mr. Mohamed Al Rashid, extends his warm greetings and sincere appreciation to every individual in FERTIL in this occasion and HQFRXUDJHV DOO WKH HPSOR\HHV WR WKLQN VDIHW\ ÀUVW

From biomass to synthetic natural gas Haldor Topsøe ZLOO SDUWLFLSDWH LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH ZRUOG¡V Ă€UVW plant for producing substitute natural gas (SNG) from bioPDVV 7KH FRPSOHWH SURFHVV LQFOXGHV ELRPDVV JDVLĂ€FDWLRQ tar scrubbing, gas conditioning and methanation, resulting in a green gas for the gas grid. Haldor Topsøe will contribute with the gas conditioning and methanation technoloJLHV 7KH SODQW ZLOO EH WKH Ă€UVW RI LWV NLQG ZKHQ RQ VWUHDP E\ WKH HQG RI DQG LW ZLOO EH D Ă DJVKLS IRU D QXPEHU RI similar projects in Europe and the rest of the world. From biomass to synthetic natural gas “Completely in line with 7RSVÂĄH¡V FRPPLWPHQW WR VXVWDLQDEOH HQHUJ\ WHFKQRORJ\ WKH plant is fully based on biomass. We are happy to supply our TREMPTM technology for this important project which ZLOO EH WKH Ă€UVW RI LWV NLQG GHPRQVWUDWLQJ WKH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ of wood to SNG,â€? says Roberta Cenni, Business DevelopPHQW 0DQDJHU LQ 7RSVÂĄH¡V 7HFKQRORJ\ 'LYLVLRQ Producing gas and heat 7KH SODQW ZLOO SURGXFH 61* IURP JDVLĂ€HG ZRRG 7KH 61* will be fed into the existing gas grid, thus supplying a considerable amount of green gas for the Gothenburg area. ÂŤThe heat released by the process is recovered as superheated steam and hot water. The hot water will be exported DV GLVWULFW KHDWLQJ ZDWHU PDNLQJ WKH RYHUDOO HQHUJ\ HIĂ€ciency of the system extremely high,â€? says Troels StumPDQQ 3URMHFW 0DQDJHU 7RSVÂĄH¡V 7HFKQRORJ\ 'LYLVLRQ On the Swedish side, the project is owned by the GoBiGas *RWKHQEXUJ %LRPDVV *DVLĂ€FDWLRQ *R%LJDV FRQVRUWLXP with main owner GĂśteborg Energi AB. The plant will be placed adjacent to the Rya District Heating Plant in Gothenburg. “This is an important milestone in the project and our work will aim at having the plant in operation in late 2012â€?, says Ă…sa Burman, Project Manager and Managing Director for GoBiGas.

Press Release Arab fertilizers

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Lyngby, 25 January 2010

Topsøe signs refining contract with PetroPeru Haldor Topsøe has signed a contract supplying technologies for three new plants ZLWK RLO UHĂ€QHU 3HWUR3HUX 7KH FRQWUDFW includes license and basic engineering of SURFHVV GHVLJQ IRU WKH 7DODUD UHĂ€QHU\ LQ Peru. 0RGHUQLVLQJ WKH UHĂ€QHU\ The Topsøe technologies are part of a modernisation project of the Talara reĂ€QHU\ ORFDWHG LQ QRUWKHUQ 3HUX 7KH UHĂ€QHU\ ZLOO EH XSJUDGHG WR SURGXFH more environmentally friendly products with lower sulphur content. The plants are planned to be on-stream in 2015. 5HĂ€QLQJ DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO WHFKQRORgies Topsøe will supply license, engineering, catalyst and proprietary equipment for - a hydrogen plant of 30 million standard cubic feet per day - an ultra low sulphur diesel hydrotreating plant for 41 thousand standard barrels per day - a WSA plant for reduction of sulphur emissions producing 460 tons sulphuric acid per day The contract is expected to total about 40 million USD for Topsøe. The president signed the contract The contract was signed by the president of PetroPeru Luis Rebolledo and Sales Manager Torben Christensen at a ceremony at the PetroPeru headquarters in Lima, Peru. “We look forward to collaborating with PetroPeru,â€? says Sales Manager Ernst Hansen. “We are very proud that we have been awarded the contracts, especially as they include three licensing contracts to the same supplier.â€? Contact Sales Manager Ernst Hansen, Hydrogen Technology Sales Manager Torben Christensen, Environmental Technologies, Technology Division, tel. +45 4527 2040, e-mail: toc@topsoe.dk

Behavior Based Safety program Delegates from QATAR Fertilizer Company, Mr. Saleh AlMarri , OH &S Management Representative and Mr. Arun Subramanian, Safety Engineer (Systems) visited KPIC (Kuwait) as part of knowledge sharing program between AFA member companies, to enhance the best practices with regards to Safety management system. The meeting was held at KPIC site on 10.11.2009 to disFXVV WKH EHQHĂ€WV DQG PHWKRGV RI LPSOHPHQWLQJ %HKDYLRU Based Safety program. The meeting included presentation, GLVFXVVLRQV DQG VLWH YLVLW ZKLFK ZDV EHQHĂ€FLDO IRU VDIHW\ professionals of both companies. During the visit the transparency and hospitality shown by KPIC was overwhelming. The OH&S management system at KPIC and programs in place to enhance the system were impressive. QAFCO immensely thank KPIC for organizing the meeting and making it a value adding program. On this occasion we take this opportunity to congratulate KPIC Management in General and Particularly Mr. Mejbel Al-Shammeri, HSE Manager for winning the AFA Safety Award 2008.

wear and tear on the rubber components has made them fragile as a result of high temperature and long service. This results in increasing operating costs as a result of losses of steam and frequent maintenance.

FFHX Installation has begun: -

Tie-in (brine, steam, condensate & air) works are completed.

All auxiliary equipments are purchased:

FFHX installation tender document is ready for awarding.

Foundation construction is executed by local contractor.

The unit will be in operation during the 1st quarter 2010.

Existing brine heaters

Based on, the followings three alternatives have been studied to increase reliability of the heat exchangers: -

Maintain the current plates.

HLP Screening Revamp Project

Replace the material of construction.

APC product Handling area operates with various solids handling equipment, including bucket elevators, screw conveyors, screens, product cooler equipment, bins, etc

Replacement the existing type with other different types.

The above three alternatives have been studied technically and cost wise; the recommendation is to replace the existing plate heat exchanger with IDOOLQJ ÀOP KHDW H[FKDQJHU 7KLV ZLOO UHGXFH WKH maintenance cost, the operation cost by saving around 10 TPH of steam, and avail more safety working area The key to success in the HLP plant to increase HIÀFLHQF\ LV HQVXULQJ WKH EULQH IHHG WR FU\VWDOOL]HUV is always saturated, thus increasing their KCl content and thus crystallizers are operated at their optimum, with the proper control of brine temperature. This will both increase production and reduce the current VSHFLÀF VWHDP FRQVXPSWLRQ QXPEHUV

An order was issued for Whiting/ Canada on December 27th WR VXSSO\ IDOOLQJ ÀOP KHDW exchanger (FFHX) of a design capacity 2.0 MMTY of product. The material of construction is Titanium Grade (16) & (17) for tubes and 516 – 70 carbon steel for shell

FFHX shipped on Feb. 22nd, 2009 from Canada; and delivered to site in April.

The area of most concern in the Product Handling is the product screening area in which the product at the exit of the dryer is conveyed to the screening VHFWLRQ ZKHUH LW LV FODVVLĂ€HG LQWR GLIIHUHQW JUDGHV L H VWDQGDUG DQG Ă€QH ZKLOH SDUW RI VWDQGDUG Ă€QHV and dust are directed to the compaction unit where they are compacted to produce a granular product. The existing screens were built on 1982 with a capacity of 1.2 MMTPY., In 1987, HLP production capacity was increased from design Capacity of WR 073< WKH PRGLĂ€FDWLRQV ZHUH RQ WKH FDUQDOOLWH DQG V\OYLQLWH DUHDV DQG QR PRGLĂ€FDWLRQ has been carried out on the screening unit and till QRZ QR PDMRU PRGLĂ€FDWLRQ KDV EHHQ FDUULHG RXW RQ the screens themselves to increase the capacity. 7KH PRVW VLJQLĂ€FDQW SUREOHP ZKLFK KDV DQ DGYHUVH HIIHFW RQ WKH VFUHHQV¡ SHUIRUPDQFH LV WKH FULWLFDO condition of the frame, body and cover of the screens. The screens cover show signs of deterioration as a result of corrosion and erosion, inspection report shows that covers of number 14 and 16 primary screens and number 21 and 25 secondary should be changed. Therefore and based on the critical situation of screen covers, capacity, infrastructure and available space; APC take decision to revamp HLP dry screens by replacing the existing six primary and six VHFRQGDU\ VFUHHQV ZLWK IHZHU PRUH HIĂ€FLHQW QHZ screens with 270 TPH capacities.

Researches

The Arab Potash Company

Hot Leach Plant

Up –Grading and Process Improvements

About

the

Company

By: Eng. Jamal Amira Technical Manager Arab Potash Company (APC) was founded in 1956 to produce potash using the minerals of the Dead Sea. The site is located 110 kilometers south of Amman and is a solar evaporation ponds system of an area of 120 square kilometers and processing plants for the ore. Potash production began in 1983 at a capacity of 1.2 million tons of product. This was expanded in the late eighties to 1.4 million tons. A second plant based on different technology was built in 1994 and this brought the total design production capacity to 1.8 million tons for APC. . The actual production capacity in 2008 was a record 2.0 million tons per year. A new cold crystallization plant is currently being constructed and will be on line in 2010. This will bring the actual capacity of APC plants up to around 2.5 million ton per year. The Arab Potash Company employs almost 2000 personnel ZLWK RIĂ€FHV LQ $PPDQ 6DĂ€ DQG $TDED

Main Intake Pump Station

APC Plants

Arab fertilizers

One of the operating goals of the Arab Potash Company is to attain the best performances, HIĂ€FLHQFLHV DQG UHFRYHU\ RI HTXLSPHQW Consequently intensive studies had been carried out to determine the major bottlenecks in the plant, and to evaluate ways to resolve all bottlenecks and REVWDFOHV LQ UHĂ€QHULHV This article will highlight on two of the major de-bottlenecks in the hot leach plant (Plate heat exchanger and screening unit).

28 29

Falling Film Heat Exchanger

Dead Sea & Solar Pond System

The existing plate heat exchanger is used to heat up the circuit. The existing plate heat exchangers are not reliable and experience too many failures during start up/ pumps switching. As well, the

YARGUS ADVANTAGE #1

Innovative products originate with the skilled engineers at Yargus. The Layco Tower Blend System can be custom designed for as many bins as needed for fertilizer storage and one or two Tapered Auger Vertical blenders for greater capacity and flexibility.

The Layco Tower Blend System has up to 250 tons of storage capacity and fills at the top through a sealed system for environmentally safe operation. This system is constructed completely of stainless steel and is a bolt-together system for easy installation.

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT "% * 1 &. 1 ()! ## 1 !&% 1 .

1 www.yargus.com

Researches

The projected is executed now by local contractor within of 75 calendar days by starting dismantling and installation the screeners on July 13th, 2009. The screener machines were put into service.

Figure 1 Old Rotex Screens

The main objectives of this project are: -

Decrease the running cost of the screening and compaction units by decreasing the number of operated equipments such as screens, screw conveyers.

-

Decrease the down time which is resulted of using old and deteriorated equipment.

-

Improve the product quality by increasing the HIĂ€FLHQF\ RI WKH VFUHHQV

-

Obtain more free area.

-

Improve the environment by decreasing dust emissions.

Arab fertilizers

Project alternatives have been studied, and a comparison between the proposed screens GUDZLQJV DQG WKH ÀHOG LV FDUULHG RXW WKH ÀQGLQJV are: -

30 31

-

The main feed bins will replaced by two chutes.

-

No. 71, 72 and 73 screw conveyers will be UHPRYHG DQG XVH FKXWH IRU ÀQH PDWHULDO WR IHG ÀQH ELQ

-

Replace six primary screens model Rotex 81 and six secondary screens model 521 by two new screens on elevation 24.95 m. The Two mineral Rotex multi-deck screens model 4240-2 of a capacity of 135 TPH per each with their auxiliaries (chutes, magnetic separator, automatic slide gates) are installed at HLP screening unit to replace the existing 12 screens (6 primary + 6 secondary) with their auxiliaries (screws, bunkers).

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Brief Description Of the Process. The main process blocks are:

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2. CO2 Absorption :

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3. Solvent Regeneration

(Figure 1: Block Flow Diagram Of the CO2 Recovery Unit)

1. Flue gas cooling:

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4. Solvent reclaiming (Intermittent Operation)

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Researches

Fertil Carbone Dioxide Recovery (CDR) Unit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

CARBON DIOXIDE AND GREEN HOUSE GASES (GHG)

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Arab fertilizers

UREA DEBOTTLENECKING PROJECT (UDP):

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Fertilizers and GHG emissions

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Reducing GHG emissions:

A priority of the fertilizer industry

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Researches

Feeding the Earth

FERTILIZERS AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Reducing Emissions

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Fertilizers and Food Production

Arab fertilizers

Fertilizers are an essential tool to increase food production sustainably

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L.M. Maene & Morgane Danielou-Doumbouya Director General

Head Information & Communications Service International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA)

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Policy recommendations

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Figure 2. Fertilizer Price Through December 18, 2009

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Sustainable Food Security and Its Impact on Fertilizer Demand Amit H. Roy & Donald R. Crane, Jr. IFDC, USA

ABSTRACT

Food and Fertilizer Price Crisis

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Figure 1. Food, Fuel and Fertilizer Prices Through 2008

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Figure 3. Supply and Demand for Food

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Figure 4. Pathways of Fertilizer N Losses from Submerged Paddy Fields

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Figure 1. Peak P curve, suggesting that like oil, global P reserves are likely to peak, after which production will decline. Source: Cordell et al., 2009

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Researches

Sustainability of World Nutrient Reserves Terry L. Roberts

International Plant Nutrition Institute

Abstract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³ ULJKW VRXUFH ULJKW UDWH ULJKW WLPH DQG ULJKW SODFH ³ DUH DQ LGHDO DSSURDFK IRU ZLVH VWHZDUGVKLS RI QRQ UHQHZDEOH QXWULHQW UHVRXUFHV

Introduction

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Arab fertilizers

Mine Production1 Reserve Reserve Reserve 2007 20082 Reserves3 base4 life5 base life5 Country --------------- Million metric tons --------------------Years -----Morocco & W. Sahara 27.00 28.00 5,700 21,000 207 764 China 45.40 50.00 4,100 10,000 86 210 USA 29.70 30.90 1,200 3,400 40 112 South Africa 2.56 2.40 1,500 2,500 605 1,008 Jordan 5.54 5.50 900 1,700 163 308 Australia 2.20 2.30 82 1,200 36 533 Russia 11.00 11.00 200 1,000 18 91 Israel 3.10 3.10 180 800 58 258 Syria 3.70 3.70 100 800 27 216 Egypt 2.20 3.00 100 760 38 292 Tunisia 7.80 7.80 100 600 13 77 Brazil 6.00 6.00 260 370 43 62 Canada 0.70 0.80 25 200 33 267 Senegal 0.60 0.60 50 160 83 267 Togo 0.80 0.80 30 60 38 75 Other Countries 8,11 10.80 890 2,200 94 233 Total 156 167 15,417 46,750 93 291 1 P2O5 content varies from 23 to 39%, with an average in 2007 of 32%. U.S. rock averages 29%. 2Estimated. 3Reserves can be economically mined at time of determination. 4Reserve base includes economic, marginally economic, and some currently sub-economic resources. 5Life based on 2007-2008 production. Source: USGS, 2009a.

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Table 3. Ammonia production and natural gas consumption and reserves. Ammonia production, million metric tons NConsumption Country 2007 20081 China 42.48 44.60 India 11.00 11.00 Russia 10.50 11.00 United States 8.84 8.24 Trinidad and Tobago 5.10 5.10 Indonesia 4.40 4.40 Ukraine 4.20 4.20 Canada 4.10 4.10 Germany 2.75 2.80 Saudi Arabia 2.60 2.60 Pakistan 2.25 2.25 Iran 2.00 2.00 Egypt 1.75 1.90 Poland 1.90 1.90 Netherlands 1.80 1.80 Qatar 1.80 1.80 Japan 1.09 1.36 Bangladesh 1.30 1.30 Romania 1.30 1.30

Other countries World total

20.30 132

22.00 136

Natural gas, cubic meters (January 1, 2008) Reserves2 Country Billion Trillion Total, % Russia 610 47.57 27.2 Iran 112 26.84 15.3 Qatar 21 25.63 14.6 Saudi Arabia 76 7.16 4.1 United Arab Emirates 43 6.06 3.5 United States 653 5.97 3.4 Nigeria 13 5.21 3.0 Venezuela 27 4.70 2.7 Algeria 26 4.50 2.6 Iraq 2 3.17 1.8 Turkmenistan 19 2.83 1.6 Kazakhstan 31 2.83 1.6 Indonesia 23 2.66 1.5 Malaysia 33 2.35 1.3 China 71 2.27 1.3 Norway 7 2.24 1.3 Uzbekistan 51 1.84 1.1 Egypt 32 1.67 0.9 Canada 93 1.64 0.9 Kuwait 13 1.59 0.9 Libya 6 1.40 0.8 Netherlands 46 1.40 0.8 Ukraine 85 1.10 0.6 India 42 1.10 0.6 Azerbaijan 10 0.85 0.5 Australia 29 0.85 0.5 Oman 11 0.85 0.5 Pakistan 31 0.79 0.5 Bolivia 3 0.75 0.4 Trinidad & Tobago 21 0.53 0.3 Yemen 0 0.48 0.3 Argentina 44 0.45 0.3 United Kingdom 91 0.41 0.2 Mexico 68 0.39 0.2 Brunei 4 0.39 0.2 Brazil 20 0.35 0.2 Peru 2 0.34 0.2 Other countries 727 3.83 2.2 World total 3,196 175 100

Estimated. 2Reserves can be recovered under present technology and prices. Note: Production of a ton of ammonia requires 1,230 cubic meters of natural gas. Sources: USGS (2009d); NationMaster (2009).

1

References

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Researches

CORPORATE STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS by Mr. OSAMA KAMAL

CHAIRMAN & CEO MISR FERTILIZERS PRODUCTION CO. “MOPCO”

INTRODUCTION

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