ARK 732 - INT. STUDY WORKSHOP Old Quarter’s Street Food : In Sustaining Informal Vendors (RE) FRAMING HANOI Name : Muhammad Afif Syamil Bin Mohd Rasidi Id Number : 2020489984 Subject Tutor : Dr. Nurulhusna Qamaruz Zaman
by Muhammad Afif Syamil Bin Mohd Rasidi
Vendor's Walk of War;
Old Quarter'S Street Food : In Sustaining Informal Vendors
Image 1: The roadways have been a war area for the street food vendors, where it has been a place of intense effort of running, chasing, debating and pulling cart to earn money. The fast-paced business makes it hard for vendors to properly follow all the regulations and sop's while dealing the business with customer.
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The battle war of earning money after hours of hard work in chasing, running, conveying goods, and debating with the customers. The local streets have see the blood and tears of the street food vendors for several centuries, and will continue to be so.
Issues ;- Policies vs Informalities
Enter the great Vietnam street food debate ;On one hand, the government enforces regulations on street vendors in an effort to minimize foodborne illnesses that could negatively impact tourism. On the other hand, due to a myriad of external factors, not all the requirements are being met and street vendors have been pushed out completely. Local can recalls seeing Vietnamese police crack down on street vendors, descending on markets and violently seizing panniers, stools and baskets from sellers who hadn’t run away quickly enough. The raids were part of an early, ongoing effort to clean the streets by forcing street vendors to either move indoors or shut down.
Introduction ;Being an ancient cities, makes the street of Hanoi; especially in Old Quarter full of informal activities and business that have been continuously been there for several centuries. One of the activities that can be seen everyday around the street was the local street vendors, where it was the major source of income for the locals to support their family. However, due to several negative impacts projected by this activities, regulations and restrictions have been made at the government level to ensure the betterment of the users in street. Hence, a solution need to be frame for the benefits of not only for the users of the street but also most importantly to the vendors itself, especially to the street food vendors as the Vietnamese street food experience extends far beyond the plate to encompass the surrounding chaos and charm of the culture.
45 Khám phá Hanoi!CTRL+ Studio Images of Issues
CoVID 19 SOPless than 20 people at a time, distancing, face masks
Fast-pacedbusiness Space Resources& VS Diagram 1 : Hanoi's Street Food Conflict
Site allocationOnly certain road is permitted for any vendeingstreetactivities
InformalitiesPoliciesAccess
Issues Conclusion; The amazing food in Vietnam was as old as the VIetnam itself. However, this culture was threatened by the inescapable factors, with mainly due to food safety & hygiene. Therefore, the authorities intended to have control on this matters with regulating several policies, in which it have impacted the nature of operation of the local street food vendors. Hence, the conflict of the vendors and autorities in moving forward. Mobility &
Food safety and hygienewastesystem,collectioncleanwater,etc
ex;preparationProperservicesDelivery-foodwrapped
Image 3; Local enjoying delicacies by the street. Rapid industrialization and development are having a severe influence on sanitation and the availability of healthy street food due to the environmental contamination that results from these processes.
DecreasingOn-Roadsecurity-accessiblepedestrianwalkway
Hanoi's Street Food Conflict; Illustrating the different demands of the policies from the governmental level and the demands of informal street vendors itself. Being in upper hand, the policies obviously have the power to restricts the informalities of the street vendors hence the increasing difficulties faced by the street food vendors. The policies however, was for a good cause and not only for bullying the food vendors. Therefore a consent need to be made so that this valuable sectors can survive within the rapid development of Hanoi & Vietnam, in which will give the benefits to both parties.Image 2; Street vendors sells food by the street. World Health Organization (WHO) in a report in 2015 also have highlighting some stipulations regarding the street vendors, such as stall must be away from a polluted place, waste collection system must be used, clean water must be accessible and only specific additives can be cooked with. It requires a certain tolerance of noise, humidity, cold, heat, wind, rain, street hassle of every shade, questionable hygiene, exhaust fumes, low seating and many others. In spite of this legal ambiguity, Vietnamese street food has not just become part of the cultural fabric of Vietnam, but also a cuisine that’s imitated, fetishised, and replicated in cities all over the western world.
Foldable furniture explored the transient aspects of street life and temporal nature of festivals through the creation of movable, interchangeable, multipurpose objects. These moveable modules easily combined into endless configurations that transformed the streetscape into temporary hubs for conversation, play, engagement, and relaxation.
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Image 7 While built for the vendors, the projects flexibility and scale can allowed it to continue to be integrated as street furniture in multiple contexts around the city of Hanoi including festivals, bus stops, conferences, and parks.
Image 5; Example of tactical urbanism. The idea of tactical urbanism can be executed and initiated by the local and communities itself, thus directly improve the food vendor's operation without any stipulations from the higher power. It can create more ‘people friendly’ streets and spaces –where people feel safe and comfortable moving around, in ways that are good for their health and take care of the planet. This theory good to be applied in oder to provide a specific allocation of facilities for the vendors, where it can provide a touch of privacy, security and attraction that can improve the performance of the business.
Precedent Study ;- Foldable Furniture
Image 6 Left;- Raised pop-up street seatings using hydraulic system panel at the side. Right;- The pop-up street seating when lowered to the ground level. Bottom;- Hydraulic panel to control the level of seating
Theory 2 ;- Tactical Urbanism As vendors mostly operates on a straight forward and uncomplicated process on street, hence the possibilities of tactical urbanism . The term tactical urbanism refers to a rapid and low-cost and scalable approach to making temporary changes to the urban environment, often in urban gathering areas. The process combines a development process with social interaction.
In Netherland, two architects Carmela Bogman and Rogier Martens have designed a new kind of outdoor furniture that can be pumped out of the pavement by the inhabitants. By using hydraulic system, it allows the furniture to be fixed at any height and enable the users can decide whether they want to create a bench or a picnic table. ‘This means the city’s inhabitants have the freedom to decide when and how they want to use the Pop-Up,’ says Bogman.
Short Term Low-Cost InterventionScalable
Image 4; A precedent study of space analysis for informal street food vendors in Valparaíso, Chile These different peaks of spatial appropriation are a form of spatial dispute over occupying a specific space to install a sales stall. For this, street vendors resort to two different strategies: 1- syndical, as in a collective agreement that determines the use and disposition of sales stalls based on the criteria of seniority and union affiliation. These agreements mean that free spaces or less favourable spaces are destined to newer street vendors. 2- family, in the sense that a street vendor occupies two or more sales spaces or stalls at the same time, reserving said space for family members, and marking or delimiting the space with a distinctive object to impede and/or inconvenience the appropriation of said space by a third party
Tactical Urbanism
As vendors mostly operate on pedestrian walkway and street, hence the understanding of habitable space allocation of street vendors in the busy street. This theory discuss on of street vending and public space using a combination of social and spatial analyses, proposing that the spatiality of the practice of sociospatial appropriation of street vending is an expression of a social and spatial dispute over the use of public space.
Theory 1 ;- Space Livability of Street Vendor
Image 5; Example of intervention taxonomy of tactical urbanism
Precedent Study ;- Pop-Up Street Furniture
Image 8; Generally speaking, there are three type of street food vendors can be seen lurking on the street in Vietnam, and they offer characteristics and features that can be accessed to understand their needs and lackness to comply to the policies regulated by the authorities.
A street vendor is basically a person who offers goods or services for sale to the public without having a permanently built structure but with a temporary static structure or mobile stall. Street vendors may be stationary, taking up space on sidewalks or other public or private areas, or they may be mobile, travelling from one location to another while toting their wares on bicycles, push carts, or baskets on their heads. Street vendors may also be able to sell their wares inside moving buses.
Image 10; Illuatrating an example of cross section of a food vendor's cart. Most of the cart was diy homemade according to their own goods and products. Waste Disposal (Wet)
89 Khám phá Hanoi!CTRL+ Studio Pedestrian Walkway Street
Image 9; Images aboves illustrate the components offered by the street vendor's cart. Taking up the spaces that usually are allocated for pedestrians, the cart should offers all the necessities resources required for the vendors to do their business.
Image 11; Allocation of roadside to do business was not the best option as it taking up the small, narrow ancient road, especially in Old Quarter
The Street Food Vendors - Design Parameters
Over the head vendors Mobile food cart Static / fixed cart
The Street Food Vendors - Site Parameters
Shoplot
Image 12; Another example of the umpracticalities if using the both sideway of the street for urban furniture intervension.
Typical Operation of Food Vendors Wok / CookingFoodStoragePotDisplayStove / Gas Customer Seating Shading
Image 13; The mplementation should not disturb the work flow of already packed roads. The cart should be parked to the pedestrian walkway, not road side.
to
1011 Khám phá Hanoi!CTRL+ Studio Over the head vendors Mobile food cart vendors Idea Generation :Issues Idea Idea Generation (Proposed) :- Food Vendor Parklets
mutually satisfactory and equally beneficial for all concerned parties–vendors, customers and authorities–,
right issue,
VendorParklet Pocket Park for Cart Allocation for vendors to park on a certain road. A minimum 1.5m cut-in into the sidewalk can bring the security for vendors. Security Precautions Stone pylons, food cover and wrapper, etc Facilities Provision Clean and fresh water supply, waste management dustbin, gas supply, etc Shading Devices Tree or other shading devices can be used to bring comfort to the customer and sellers during the operation Marketing Tools Banners, signboard, with colour treatment to caught the attraction of potential customer Site Allocation The low cost intervention made it plaussible to be allocated to many place in Old Quarter in Hanoi, with preference in the corner area Foldable / Portable Intervention Street Intervention Policies InformalitiesVS Alliance StaticvendorscartCustomersAlliancePedestrians Theory Scalable Intervention Low Term & Cost SafetyIdea&Hygiene Space Livability of Street Vendors Tactical Urbanism Habitable Spaces Social Sense Underground Pop-Up +Authorities'sregulation Tactical Sideway Parklet Food Vendor Parklet Image 14; Conceptual idea of Food Vendor's Parklet
regulation is necessary,
Sidewalk but also important is to make sure that it’s while being able solve the pedestrian’s hencee the idea of "Food Vendor's Parklet".
pathlineVendorsguided
The proposed size of parklet is around 1.5m x 4.8m, just enough for the vendor's vehicle or cart to park here. This area also should only be permitted only for the use of vendors, not public's motorcycle park
1213 Khám phá Hanoi!CTRL+ Studio Solution :- a) Site allocation
allocationProposedsite
Solution :- b) Vendors guided pathline
Image 18; The spaces of the vendors parklet during the cart's occupation.
Shoplot Pedestrian Walkway MotorcycleTree Park Street
Solution :- c) Vendor Vehicle Parking Only Provision
As the operation of food vendors usually fast and rushing, therefore the barrier seperation from the road. The seperation can be used using on-road painted, with clear bright colours to emphasis on the pathway of vendors.
Image 16; The site allocation to be focus on the middle of the road rather than on the corner of the road. This was due to the bustling junction in most of the area around Hanoi, plus the aggresive driving by the motorcyclist that might cause harm to the site users if not being extra careful.
Image 15; The food vendors parklet can be the new nodes of the city, as a target socializing area of people to enjoy the local culture.
Image 16; The site allocation to be focus on the middle of the road rathe ProposedAllocationSite
SiteSiteSite Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site SiteSite Site
Image 17; The pathline could be used for the street vendors to follow and move throughout the city. When at the Food Vendor's Parklets, the vendors may parked inside the parklets as the pathline can ensure the limit border of operation of the business rather than using the physical element such as pylon or trees. This pathway also can be use for public cycling lane.
PedestrianWalkwayProposedallocationfor site
The idea of low cost and scalable intervention that were highlighted by the tactical urbanism enable the food vendors parklets to be executed in most of the streets in Hanoi. The more the numbers of parklets can be implemented, the better it would be, as it offers the easy and accessibilities of the informal business.
Image 20; The pop-up stove's original state, in the underground
Solution :- e) Campervan Electric Pop-Up Sink Pop-up sink is good for the vendors that can eat on that exact time, such as fruit vendors. Apart from that, local can use it to wash their hands, although they usually using chopstick and spoon. Nonetheless, the clean water supply was demanded by authorities to ensure a clean food.
Image 22; The condition of the pop-up stove after pump up with the street context.
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PanelHyraulicDisplayComponentElectricalSolarGasStove/Inductionstove.ProposedPop-upStoveStoragePanelGlassPumpSystem
Image 22; The setting of the facilities within the other intervention at the food vendor's parklet Same as pop-up stove, the control of this facilities is also through the hydraulic panel
Image 19; The pop-up stove's componentsMarketingBoard
The authorities highlighted the need for food in a hot condition, as it ensure safety, hygiene and sanitation. Bacteria would multiply in a cold-temperature food and this could cause illness and food poisoning, hence the need for heating
Image 23; Campervan Electric Sink System
The stove would be open for public food vendors to use and there are rules on what the vendors can use. The stove only would provide the heating, not cooking, hence the apparatus and ingredients needed for food would be provided by themselves.
Solution:- d) Pop-Up Stove
Used Water Tank Fresh Water FuseTank Box & Battery WaterPump Accumulator(Optional) Basin Plugged tap Switch
Image 22; Diagram of a pop-up campervan electric sink.
Image 21; The pop-up stove's components after pump up using hydraulic panel.
SwitchSupplyWaterBasinWaterTankWaterPump
1617 Khám phá Hanoi!CTRL+ Studio Solution :- f) Foldable-Door Underground Storage Storage of other necessities facilities such as table and chairs can be access through the triangular-shaped underground panel. This storage's opening should also through the hydraulic panels, as it ensure safety if there should be pedestrians fell into the opened-storage. Solution :- g) Hydraulic Control Panel Plan View The provided facilities should provide foldable furniture only Image 24; Example of foldable chair provided within the storage at the Vendor's Parklet. Image 23; Storage should be easily accessed, hence to be located at the corner of the parklets. Image 24; Control Panel's location to the other surrounding context. Image 25; Control Panel's shall be accessed by the vendors only, and required identification to use. Pedestrian WalkwayGreeneries GreeneriesPublic Vendor's Cart Park StovePop-Up UpPop-Sink Storage WorkspaceVendor's Control Panel Perspectives View Image 26; Plan view of the Food Vendor's Parklet Image 27; Perspectives view of the Food Vendor's Parklet Image 28; Another perspectives view of the Food Vendor's Parklet
Therefore, the idea was to provide a spaces where it would solve the issues highlighted by the vendors without disturbing the nature of operation of the informal business. Its was a formal place, governed by the authorities itself and infused with the informal operation by the local food vendoors. It would need identifications of the vendors so that it would bring the safety to the facilities, as vendor needs to be more responsible for the public facilities used. This area should be a 'ground zero' for food vendors from the authorities that roaming around the city.
1819 Khám phá Hanoi!CTRL+ Studio Food Vendor's Parklet, where the formal and informalities be together...
However, the modern development had caused a not-so-ideal environment for livelihood, as it have caused negative side impacts to the street food party such as the trader, customer, pedestrian, and even to the goods itself. Issues of food poisoning and others have skyrocket to many cases by time. This caused the responsible party, the authorities to form new regulations to mininize the numbers of cases and ensure the survivality of the street food vendors, in which it have caused many liminations and restrictions to the street food vendors itself.
Using the low cost and scalable intervention, the development of this food vendors parklets can be inititiated by the community itself, and can be the new nodes around the city of Hanoi. However, the design itself was designed so that it would not the cityscape of the Hanoi, especially in Old Quarter. Hanoi was full of heritage and history, hence the design to be integrated with the local's traditional architecture.
From history, the area around modern-day Hanoi was first inhabited in prehistoric times and was continuosly inhabited since it was first established as the capital of Ly dynasty since 1010. In the same time, The Ancient Quarter was introduced as as inter-regional market place hence the 15th century emergence of street traders among the local, similar to medieval guild streets in Central Europe. These days, the formal and informal street traders can extensively be seen in the streets of Hanoi, especially in Ancient Quarter.
The vendor's parklet offer a more convenience services to the vendors, ensure safety to the customers and cleanliness to the foods. Vendors can leave their extra cooking equipment at home thus reduce the burden and load that they have been carrying all day long. This would faster them up in moving and chasing customers. Cooked street food may take advantages of the pop-up stove to heat, in which this is what the policy demanded in order to mininize the cases of food poisoning caused by the street food.
In more creative ideas, it not only would benefits the food vendors or any type of vendors, then parklet and its path guidelines would also benefit the cyclers and it can guide them in a safe cycling lane. It also would help if there should be a group of people wanting to across the lane, especially to the tourist who doesnt familiar to the aggresive driving in Hanoi.
Informal street-vended foods have contribute to food security and to national economic growth by providing a regular source of income for millions of sellers, local producers and processors. With its generally low running and startup costs, it will make it a lot easier to have the street food business more competitively priced. There are no expensive bills, rent, or running costs compared to a restaurant, hence the tens of thousands of vendors leave their rented apartments in big cities for busy streets to pay off debts and keep their families in the countryside afloat. Therefore, going into the further futuristic future, actions need to be taken so that this industry would sustain in becoming one of the identity of Hanoi and Viernam.
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