GB&F October 2015

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OCTOBER 2015 / ISSUE 053 GH¢10.00

Tradeer Ministets mark ents m investtunities opporhinese to C

Will new National Development Plan ensure continuity?

Unstoppable: Tigo’s journey to a love brand

USA..........................................$5.00 UNITED KINGDOM.....................£3.00 EUROPE....................................€3.50 AUSTRALIA.............................AS5.00 CFA ZONE...........................CFA 2,000 OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES.US$4.00

THE FIRST BUSINESS READ IN GHANA

Follow us online at www.ghanabizfinance.com

CONTENTS ISSUE 053 / OCTOBER 2015

24 Science & Technology

Columnist Dr Nana Ama Browne Klutse explores the lives and works of trail-blazing Ghanaian women who shattered the glass ceiling to excel in science, making ground-breaking contributions locally and globally.

27 Mining

Front Cover: Jesse Agyepong Marketing Director, Tigo Ghana

6 Briefs

Snippets of business and financial news trending in Ghana, Africa and the rest of the world.

10 Economy

With Ghana’s yet-to-be-finalised 40-year National Development Plan at the consultation stage, this historical analysis of past development plans will be useful to the crafters of the new plan.

14 Banking

Pricewaterhousecoopers’ (PwC) 2015 Ghana Banking Survey focused on what bank customers want to experience by 2020.

18 Corporate Progress

Columnist J. M. Halm touches on the importance of satisfying customers to gain their loyalty, vis-à-vis the desire of businesses to satisfy shareholders by prioritising profits.

20 Education

The Students Loan Trust Fund is celebrating a decade of dedicated service to Ghanaian tertiary students, and taking stock of its successes and challenges.

22 Finance

The government has met investors in Europe and the US recently to net a US$1 billion and US$1.5 US dollar denominated bond to fund infrastructural projects.

Ghana is hosting the firstever ECOWAS Mining and Petroleum Forum and Exhibition (ECOMOF 2015) this month. It is a platform for industry players to meet and find solutions, while exhibiting their products.

32 Cover

Tigo, Ghana’s number one telecom brand with innovative digital lifestyle and the winner of Television Advert of the Year with ‘Drop That Yam,’ continues its vibrant, fresh and progressive corporate branding unabated. At the top of the branding is Jesse Agyapong, Tigo’s talented and intelligent Director of Marketing.

36 Trade

Relations between Ghana and China are poised to grow phenomenally after Trade and Industry Minister Dr Ekwow Spio-Garbrah led a 15-member mission on a seven-day visit to China.

GB&F editor Ayuureyisiya Kapini Atafori accompanied the mission and returned with an interesting special news feature on how the Minister marketed Ghana’s investment opportunities.

46 SMEs & Microfinance

Simultaneous market redevelopments have led to serious problems which have affected the operations of SMEs directly and indirectly in Kumasi.

48 Industry

Korsika Energy and Research Services and Gratis Foundation collaborated to found a model manufacturing skills training facility to help bridge the gap between theoretical education and practice-oriented training.

50 Perspectives

Globally, extreme wealth accumulation and overconsumption by a few are the root cause of mass poverty. The promoters of the much-hyped Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) want to reduce poverty and inequality without touching the global one per cent wealthy and powerful.

52 Outlook

This special focus on the migration of people from developing countries to Europe uncovers the bias and bigotry of Euro-politicians who denigrate genuine asylum-seekers.

56 Events

Visit conferences to be held around the world that matter to you and your business.

57 Stats & Indices

Figures speaks louder than words for Ghana`s economy.

58 Commodities

Know the prices of agricultural produce in selected markets, as researched and compiled by Esoko.

45 Agriculture

The second part of Kweku Darko Ankrah`s, GB&F’s Senior Staff Writer, critical examination of financing of farms in Ghana

Find us online at www.ghanabizfinance.com All information contained within this magazine is the property of Ghana Business & Finance and is not to be used without written authorisation from the publishers. Although every effort is made to ensure the correctness of information submitted for publication, the magazine may inadvertently contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Ghana Business & Finance assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this publication or other documents that are referenced by or linked to this publication.

OCTOBER 2015

reveals that inadequate credit is a major problem afflicting farmers, leading to decline in agricultural productivity.

SMEs & Microfinance: page 46

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General Manager Josiah Spio-Garbrah jspiogarbrah@ghanabizfinance.com +233 264 510 396 Editor Ayuureyisiya Kapini Atafori editor@ghanabizfinance.com Senior Staff Writer Kweku Darko Ankrah kdankrah@ghanabizfinance.com Columnists Jerry Halm Dr Nana Ama Browne Klutse Yaw Ohemeng Kyei Contributors Martin Luther C. King Oppong Baah Anthony Sedzro Kennedy Addai Kuffour Adnan Adams Mohammed Design & Production Manager Benjamin Tetteh btetteh@ghanabizfinance.com Circulation & Subscription Ernest Awo subscription@ghanabizfinance.com Editorial Committee Prof. Paul N. Buatsi Prof. Kwame Addo Ms Johanna Awotwi Mr Gaddy Laryea Mr Ray de Bono Mr Nana Robert Mensah Mr Frederick Alipui Ms Dede-Esi Amanor-Wilks Ms Nana Spio-Garbrah Office Location Ghana Business & Finance African Business Media House No. 7 Lamb Street (off Farrar Avenue) Adabraka, Accra, Ghana Mailing Address P. O. Box O 772, Osu, Accra, Ghana Tel: +233 302 240 786 Fax: +233 302 240 783 enquiries@ghanabizfinance.com Brand Advisor Dmax Studios in Malta, EU. (www.dmax.tv) Credits GNA Daily Graphic radioxyzonline.com Mergermarket Group ghanabusinessnews.com

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Is the reality of judiciary corruption still a perception?

Whether the Anas tapes, which recorded the compromised judges and magistrates, prevail at the highest court of Ghana or not, GB&F minces no words to state that judiciary corruption can no longer be wished away as a mere perception. Fact is: Judiciary corruption has never been a perception.

This reality, five lawyers, Larri Bimi, Dr Raymond Atugba, Abraham Amaliba, Daniel Annan and Chris Ackumey, were bold to mouth out in 2011. But some very prominent members of both the Bench and Bar ganged up against these gallant patriots who called a spade a spade.

Is it not paradoxical that the punished patriots were vindicated long before Anas’ ‘red-handed’ expose of judiciary corruption? Many Ghanaians have various direct and indirect experiences with corrupt magistrates and judges. But because ocular evidence is not usually available, we tend to conclude that allegations of corruption in the Judiciary are perceptions, which, of course, cannot be concretely presented for investigations and prosecution. The truth is that the canker of corruption has eaten, and is still diseasing, the highly-held Judiciary of Ghana.

Not all judges are corrupt, the Anas prying revealed. The Anas tapes revealed that there are judges and magistrates who will never, no matter the circumstances, bring themselves to be bribed. GB&F pleads that these rare species of judicial adjudicators should be rewarded by the Chief Justice and the Judicial Council.

The disgraced, but not proven guilty, members of the Bench, however, MUST be granted all LAWFUL means to protect their professional integrity up to the Supreme Court, the constitutionally-created apex legal-judicial body. The committee investigating the conduct of the accused judges and magistrates includes judges. When prima facie evidence is adduced for their prosecution, the Judiciary, of which the alleged erring judges and magistrates are members, will sit on the cases pertaining to the interdicted Bench-members. There could be grounds for in-group solidarity and professional empathy. Caution must be taken so that their cases may not end up in court being a matter of “Scratch my back and I will scratch yours.” They will then walk scot-free!

To the interdicted members, GB&F says this is not the time for self-defence or self-protection.

It is time for introspection. Their continuous and calculated deployment of legality, judicial technicalities and desperate sophism to delay or deter investigations does not help the images of the interdicted judges and magistrates in the eyes of the public. The indicted (but not criminally culpable) members of the Bench should not resort, like a drowning man clutching a withered straw, to delaying investigations and possible prosecution after all the laid-down constitutional procedures and processes have been gone through to determine their complicity, or otherwise, in the bribery tapes.

The judges and magistrates are advised not to embark on any further delay tactics. No legal redress can redeem their public images: They are no longer considered incorruptible members of the Bench. It is time for judges and magistrates, especially the ones caught red-handed in the secret video-and-audio tapes, to indulge in introspection. What better admonition for soulsearching is there than the address of His Imperial Majesty Emperior Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, on August 24, 1961, to judges in the ancient empire:

“No judge could claim ignorance or poverty as an excuse for shortcomings in the administration of justice because he can neither shirk the responsibility entrusted to him by the Crown or perjure his God-given Conscience. It will be found that physical and material handicaps which are often short-lived and transitory are not so harmful as finding one’s self faced with a guilty conscience.

“Whenever conflict arises between material and spiritual values the conscience plays an important role, and anyone who suffers from a guilty conscience is never free from this problem until he makes peace with his conscience. “… Those who are selected as judges must realise their great responsibilities, for a judge must endeavour to discover the truth so that his judgment will always be impartial and unbiased. He must, moreover, strive to overcome fear and to resist temptations such as those of pecuniary gains and favouritism and any other practices that might prevent him from the proper execution of his duties. He should, in addition, seek guidance from the Almighty God, be true to his conscience and examine objectively cases brought before him to aid him in avoiding malpractices.”

To the profound wisdom above, one can only add this religio-philosophical credo: “The mind should be the willing servant of the self. But it is only the very rare man or woman who possesses sufficient natural self-discipline for achieving this.”

Ayuureyisiya Kapini Atafori Editor (+233 024 2385374)

OCTOBER 2015

Mail to the Editor

send your articles, comments and letters to the editor at editor@ghanabizfinance.com

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EDITOR’S SUITE

Post-Anas expose introspection:

ECONOMY

Binding National Development Plan to ensure continuity? (I)

BY ROSELYN BYRNE

Development planning is widely accepted as the primary instrument for the effective management of a country’s economy, especially in the developing countries. Development planning enables governments to provide a sense of direction in national expenditure and provide the necessary guidance to the private sector. Since independence, Ghana embarked on numerous systematic planning with a view to achieve economic development and transform society progressively.

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part from the fact that most of the national development plans in Ghana have now been seen to be ambitious in the overall investments levels; many of them were abandoned, delayed for financial reasons, badly designed or simply populist for political advantage.

Programmes were intended to measure a range of socio-economic development policies and their proposed objectives and strategies. In addition, there were plans which aimed at raising the living standards of Ghanaians and transforming the economy from primary products-based to a valueadded industrialised economy. In spite

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of these ambitious plans, the economic development of Ghana is seen largely as far from satisfactory today since the 1920s. The main reason for failing to achieve the developmental goals is due to the failure of successive governments to continue implementing the plans of their predecessors. New projects were started without offering alternatives and/or improved plans to carry some of the good plans started by previous governments through to fruition. Political sentimentalism and opportunism seem to always take precedence over sound economic judgement to improve the economy, leading to failure to achieve marked improvement in the lives of the people.

GHANA BUSINESS & FINANCE

The past national development plans did not attained their goals largely due to political, social and economic factors which combined to stifle the plans.

The effectiveness of the plans depended on how systematic the continuity of projects was hinged on the nature, complexities and characteristics of politics in Ghana. In practice, the effectiveness of development planning in a developing country like Ghana is determined by political arrangements.

These may include: • the extent of political stability; • the system on which the political system is based in tandem with the way the political system is allowed to function in the spirit of effective

OCTOBER 2015

FINANCE

Ghana’s Eurobond quest marred by postponement?

BY ADNAN ADAMS MOHAMMED

Securing long-term financing, defined as investment funding that matures in a year or more, depends on the same fundamentals essential to tackling the current volatility in global capital markets. Policy makers, therefore, opine that institutional reforms such as promoting macro-economic stability, establishing a regulated and legally enforceable banking and investment system that protects creditors and borrowers, and setting a framework for capital markets and institutional investors are required.

Long-term finance is essential for a country’s sustainable development.

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hana, with a population of 25 million people, has suffered macroeconomic shocks in recent years – partly due to challenges being faced by the country’s power sector. For the country, the way out is funding infrastructure development with monies from the capital market. Ghana, classified as a lower middle income, is grappling with infrastructure deficit as well as finding means to maintain a healthy macro-economy. There is definitely the need for a cheaper, flexible and long-term source of financing to help bridge the infrastructure gap. The source of finance is the capital market, since the middle income status of the country does not allow concessional lending and grants from the traditional 22

development partners and the Bretton woods institutions.

In recent years, Ghana resorted to the European market with what it calls ‘Eurobond’ to access longterm finance for its infrastructure and other expenditures. In 2007, President J.A. Kuffour issued a seven-year Eurobond. After that, a number of long-dated bonds have been issued by the current administration.

On September 23, Ghana started a series of investor meetings in Europe and the US, with a view to launching a US$1 billion US dollardenominated bond. Possibly, a second issue of up to US$1.5 billion will take place later this year. Ghana’s bond issuance forms part of its efforts to stabilise its finances, even as the fall in commodity prices continues to

GHANA BUSINESS & FINANCE

undermine its efforts. The country raised US$1 billion a year ago with a dollar-denominated bond, just weeks after requesting a bail out from the IMF.

The current Eurobond is led

by Finance Minister Seth Terkper and top officials from the Finance Ministry and the Bank of Ghana (BoG), as well as some investment bankers. The team is expected to engage some banks and institutional investors in the UK, Germany and the US. The road show was expected to end with government securing commitments from investors to lend some US$1.5 billion to it for financing projects outlined in the 2015 budget, and to pay off maturing debts.

Standard Chartered Bank, Barclays and Deutshe Bank act as transaction advisers for the bond issue. On October

OCTOBER 2015

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Ghanaian women in science determined to be recognised

BY NANA AMA BROWNE KLUTSE (Ph.D)

Worldwide, women have made significant contributions to science from the earliest times. In Ghana, such contributions are recognised once in a while after a woman has broken social norms and prejudice. Ghanaian women in science, to wit women who are contributing to the body of knowledge and practice in science, are a handful. This is because many women are deterred from pursuing a career in science at the highest levels from the beginning of socialisation. At the family level, the inferior gender role of females has been defined before they were born. The reasoning and action are that science is difficult, and thus it is men’s domain. The conservative thinking is that science programmes are not for woman to take up.

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Professor Esi Awuah (Mrs) is the current Vice Chancellor of the University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani.

She obtained her Ordinary and Advanced certificates at Akim Oda and Aburi Girls Secondary School respectively; BSc. (Biological Science) at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). Her MSc. in Environmental Science was at the College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, USA with a WHO scholarship. She obtained a Ph.D in Waste Water Treatment and Sanitary Engineering from The Institute of Infrastructural, Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering at Delft in the Netherlands (UNESCO-IHE) on a fellowship from the Netherlands Government.

Her area of research is Environmental Health and Sanitation. Her major research findings include the development of a weighting system for impact assessment of water developments in Ghana; arsenic removal from ground water using local materials; determining the major pathogen removal mechanisms in waste stabilisation ponds; identifying the role of arsenic in buruli ulcer disease; establishing risk

he biological set-up of women is also a deterrent to the higher education of women in science.

Understanding this, a number of institutions are encouraging female admissions by relaxing some entry requirements. Despite a lot of efforts to increase the participation of girls/women in science, the numbers are still nothing to write home about. Much more must be done to address the reasons behind this potential waste of human talent and to close the gender gap in science. The situation is worse when you consider the physical sciences.

Still Mathematics is better. Physics is lacking in numbers for women. The first Ghanaian woman to earn a university degree and a PhD in Physics – Prof Aba Bentil Andam – did it in 19..; Why can’t today’s women do it? This piece profiles Ghanaian women who have contributed to science education and practice in the country, and those who are still contributing.

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GHANA BUSINESS & FINANCE

Professor Marian Ewurama Addy was the quiz mistress for the National Science and Maths quiz on Ghana Television (GTV). She made basic science and mathematics more popular in Ghana.

As she appears on television, usually beautifully dressed in

OCTOBER 2015

PHOTO GALLERY

Trade & Industry Minister Dr Ekwow Spio-Garbrah led a delegation to China on September 6-13 to sign a Sister City Agreement and attend the world-famous China International Fair for Investments and Trade (CIFIT 2015) 1. Dr Ekwow Spio-Garbrah, Minister for Trade & Industry, meets Vice Governor of Fujian Province, Zheng Xiaosong, with Commercial Attache K. N. Atuahene between them 2. Dr Spio-Garbrah holds bilateral discussions with Vice Governor Xiaosong 3. Signing ceremony of the Fujian Province-Greater Accra Region Sister City co-operation 4. Members of the Ghanaian delegation and their Chinese counterparts 5. The Trade Minister making a presentation at a forum at CIFIT 6. Dr Spio-Garbrah meets Deputy Mayor of Xiamen, Guo Guirong, for some discussions 7. A meeting with members of the Quanzhou Chamber of Commerce 8. Dr Spio-Garbrah poses with Xu Ningquan, President of Chinese Association of Fujian in Ghana & MD of Sentuo Steel 9. One of Ghana’s stands at CIFIT visited by Dr Spio-Garbrah 10. Dr Spio-Garbrah interacts with an official of a Chinese greenhouse firm 11. Some Ghanaian participants at CIFIT 1

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OCTOBER 2015

COVER

A Selection of Activities at Tigo Tigo Mobile: The product owners The mobile team is a merger of both the award-winning Commercial and MFS units. They are at the heart of the Digital Lifestyle agenda for Tigo, providing unmatched and innovative voice, data and MFS products. The units in the Department include Nonvoice, which manages both data and VAS; Customer Value Management, which manages churn and retention and offer existing customers’ value for money; Acquisition looks at the customer on-boarding process; and International Business looks at both IDD and roaming. MFS oversees all products and services related to Tigo Cash. One can simply call them the product owners at Tigo. They are always at the notch of customer satisfaction and meet their needs all the times.

‘Xtreme Value Offer’ gives unlimited calls to customers New products are always designed based on customer needs and behaviour pattern. For several campaigns, Tigo has embarked on an in-depth analysis of customers’ needs, which is Tigo’s priority. As the first mobile

Meet Tara Squire, the lead of the Mobile team

network operator in Ghana, Tigo has championed many industry firsts, including free ‘Bonto,’ ‘Tigo Big Six’ and ‘Yensor Nkoaa.’ ‘’Xtream Value Offer’ is the latest. Tigo has introduced a new product called the ‘Xtreme Value Offer’ which gives customers in the Western, Ashanti and Eastern regions unlimited calls from 6AM to

6PM every day. The offer comes in two value-packed affordable packages: ‘Xtreme Voice and Data’ and ‘Xtreme Voice.’ ‘Xtreme Voice and Data’ is just 50 Ghana pesewas a day and gives customers unlimited calls to Tigo lines and 20MB data for browsing the Internet. ‘Xtreme Voice’ is at 30 Ghana pesewas a day and offers customers the opportunity to make unlimited voice calls to all Tigo numbers.

According to Tara Squire, the Director of Mobile at Tigo, customers can subscribe to the offer by dialling *510# and follow the voice prompt.

Squire revealed that the tailor-made offer was designed based on feedback received from customers within the regions, adding that other regions would not be left out; they would also enjoy region-specific offers. “For now, our customers in the other regions can enjoy our amazing packages including Tigo Big 6, which gives customers the freedom to do more on Facebook, Twitter, Google+, WhatsApp and many more social media channels,” he explained. As a customer driven company, he said, the company would continue to introduce innovative products and services to meet the needs of its customers.

‘Yensor Nkoaa’

Against the backdrop of the prolonged energy crisis in Ghana, Tigo Ghana crafted a promotion to provide its customers with alternative sources of power.

The campaign was built on a

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study in which respondents said they wanted alternative sources of power to help them cope with the current energy challenges. As a caring brand, Tigo launched ‘Yensor Nkoaa,’ a promotion to reward its loyal customers with 90 power generators and other prizes in 90 days. Customers simply had to make more calls, send more text messages, or browse the Internet to earn points towards a given target.

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The ultimate winner of the campaign was Apostle Elijah Oluwafemi Zebulon, who won a 30KVA power generator and a GHC1, 000 fuel voucher. Zebulon, the Founder of Sword of Fire and Faith Ministries in Pokuase in the Greater Accra Region, said: “Winning the biggest prize is the doing of the Lord. This is the beginning of ensuring that my church runs uninterrupted. I’m very grateful to Tigo for the generator and I will pray for the company to get more customers. I urge every customer to believe in Tigo because its promotions are real.”

Other winners also received 3KVA power generators, power inverters, rechargeable lamps, power

OCTOBER 2015

SMEs & MICROFINANCE

Effects of market redevelopment projects on SMEs in Kumasi

BY YAW OHEMENG KYEI

Kumasi is located in the transitional forest zone and is about 270km north of Accra, the capital of Ghana. The land area of the metropolis is about 254sq/km. Kumasi is famous in Ghana because it is the hub of SMEs activities. The SMEs activities in Kumasi span from small-scale mechanical garages, wood processing companies, construction firms, food processing companies, among many others. The SMEs activities are concentrated in the Kumasi Central Market, Kejetia Terminal, Suame and Asafo Magazines, Old Tafo Market, Krofrom, Atonsu Agogo market, among others.

Over the years, various governments have put in place policies, and started projects, aimed at decongesting the major markets in Kumasi in order to streamline the activities of various stakeholders. But none has been able to see the light of day probably due to lack of trust among stakeholders and funding for such projects. There was, therefore, euphoria in Kumasi with the announcement of the redevelopment of markets with a â‚Ź40 million redevelopment facility from the French government.

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Indeed, it was envisaged that the numerous problems associated with markets would come to an end. Yet the market redevelopment has turned out to create more complex problems.

Restore decency The project is envisaged to achieve the following: To restore decency in the market place. The markets in Ghana are currently engulfed in filth and characterised by lack of decent places of convenience, fire tenders to fight fire outbreaks, congestion and

GHANA BUSINESS & FINANCE

general inaccessibility. This project, when completed, is intended to resolve these problems because the modern market envisaged will have facilities such as police station, decent places of convenience, hospital/clinic, cold room and improved access as well as a fire tender.

According to the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA), there are certain conventional reasons accounting for the redevelopment of the satellite markets. These markets, as disclosed by the KMA,

OCTOBER 2015

PERSPECTIVES

Why Sustainable Development Goals won’t make the world a better place

BY DR JASON HICKEL

The much-hyped Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which replaced the just-expired Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), have been adopted by member states of the United Nations (UN) at its summit in September at New York but they will not deliver the new economy that the world so desperately needs. The creators of the SDGs want to reduce poverty and inequality without touching the global one per cent wealthy and powerful. They fail to understand a basic fact: Mass poverty is the product of extreme wealth accumulation and over-consumption by a few.

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he UN summit was a major international event, and the SDGs were ushered in with tremendous fanfare. The goals are widely regarded as a historic step towards building a better world, and towards eradicating poverty and hunger from the face of the Earth once and for all. This sounds wonderful, but unfortunately it is not as good as the media would have us believe. In reality, the SDGs are inadequate to the task of delivering the new economy the world so desperately needs. And in this sense, they are not only a missed opportunity, they are actively dangerous: They will lock in the global development agenda for the next 15 years around a failing economic model that requires urgent and deep structural changes.

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The contradiction of growth The Zero Draft contains some truly excellent demands. The preamble affirms that “planet Earth and its ecosystems are our home,” and underscores the necessity of achieving “harmony with nature.” It establishes a commitment to hold global warming below a 2° Celsius increase, and calls for “sustainable patterns of production and consumption.”

All of these reflect awareness that something about our economic system has gone terribly awry. The pursuit of endless industrial growth is chewing through our living planet, producing poverty and threatening our existence. And yet the core of the SDGs programme for development and poverty reduction relies precisely

GHANA BUSINESS & FINANCE

on the old model of industrial growth — ever-increasing levels of extraction, production and consumption. SDG 8 calls for seven per cent annual GDP growth in least developed countries and higher levels of economic productivity across the board.

In other words, the SDGs call for both less and more at the same time.

How can they expect to succeed with such a profound contradiction at their root? True, Goal 8 is peppered with progressive-sounding qualifications: The growth should be inclusive, promote full employment and decent work, and we should endeavour to decouple growth from environmental degradation. But these qualifications are vague and weak; the real message that shines through is that GDP growth

OCTOBER 2015

YOU FOR KNOW!

Your TV’s favourite advert is Ghana’s favourite advert Drop at Yam is the CIMG TV Advert of the year, 2014 Ghanafoc , when we asked you to drop your yams, from Accra to Zabzugu, you dropped them! We thank you for this award and we’ll keep surpassing your expectations.