Moon | InDesign template by After Studio

N° 01

SUMMER 2019

50th anniversary special Moon landing • Apollo 11 Decisions Five sites had a potential for landing — p. 11

The dark side There is no dark side. You ment Far side of the Moon — p. 18

Met the crew That will pull you out of this world — p. 20

Heartbeat Facts, numbers and presentations — p. 24

It’s just a phase I’m going through — The Moon

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MOON IMPRESSUM

Contents OCTOBER 14, 1966 The towering Saturn V rocket rolls out of the Vehicle Assembly Building and heads for Launch Pad 39A PHOTO NASA

The most influential photograph ever taken

EARTHRISE

Fifty years, there men, one Moon landing

TEN FACTS

Total 6 manned Moon landings

APOLLO PROGRAM

There is no Dark side â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Only far side of the Moon

INFOGRAPHIC

Meet the crew that pulls you out of this world

LUNAR MODULE TEAM

Heartbeats, footprints and flag on the Moon

MEDICAL DOCUMENTS

Infographic storytelling with presentation tips

INFOGRAPHIC SPREADS

Buzzin' through new atmosphere

MOONWALK

We covered 16 steps from lift-off 'till touch-down

TIMELINE

MOON CONTENTS

Famous photo

Earthrise

First human picture Earthrirse is a photograph of Earth and some of the Moon’s surface that was taken from lunar orbit by aswtronaut William Anders on December 24, 1968, 16:00 UTC, during the Apollo 8 mission

December 24, 1968, 16:00 UTC

NATURE PHOTOGRAPHER Galen Rowell declared it — the most influential environmental photograph ever taken

Anders:

Oh my God! Look at that picture over there! There's the Earth coming up. Wow, that's pretty.

Borman:

Hey, don't take that, it's not scheduled. (joking)

Anders:

(laughs) You got a color film, Jim? Hand me that roll of color quick, would you...

Lovell:

Oh man, that's great!

William Anders NASA ASTRONAUT

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

—1 In 1963, Anders was selected by NASA in the third group of astronauts. While at NASA, he became involved in dosimetry, radiation effects, and environmental controls. He was the backup pilot for the Gemini 11 mission.

—2 Then in December 1968, he flew as Lunar Module Pilot for the Apollo 8 mission, the first mission where humans traveled beyond Low Earth orbit. This was the first manned flight to reach and orbit the Moon.

Unmanned mission This had been preceded by the crude 1966 black-and-white raster image taken by the Lunar Orbiter 1 robotic probe, the first American spacecraft to orbit the Moon

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

—2 The landing was watched on television by an estimated 600 million people. The record-breaking event was seen by millions of viewers around the planet. In the days preceding the mission, media outlets all over spoke extensively of the mission, leading to widespread public anticipation. There was a great amount media coverage of the event in the United States, and it is estimated that over 53 million families watched the mission on television. Global viewership was estimated to be more than 550 million viewers, a world record at the time.

50 years / 10 facts There men, One Moon landing Moon landing was arguably one of the most critical landmarks in a history of human civilization and its significance still resonates today, 50 years after

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MOON 10 FACTS

—1 Although there were three astronauts sent to the Moon, only two of them actually stepped on it. Many people who have knowledge of the Apollo mission believe that the probe carried only two astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, with Armstrong being more famous of the two. While it is true that the module that landed on the Moon carried the two astronauts, they were three in total when they left the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on July 16th, 1969. When the Apollo spacecraft approached the Moon, one module was left orbiting around the Moon and was piloted by the third astronaut named Michael Collins. Although Collins did not experience the glory of stepping on the Moon’s surface firsthand, the mission would not have been possible without him.

—3 The exact phrase uttered by Armstrong has been disputed. “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” is a phrase familiar to many, but did you know that its accuracy has been disputed by Armstrong himself? The exact quote, Armstrong claimed, is actually “that’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Although many claimed to not hear this subtle variation, linguists have confirmed that Armstong does in fact utter “a”, leading to the quote to most officially be presented with the article in brackets.

—4 The astronauts landed with only 25 seconds of fuel to spare. In vein with the intricate planning of the Apollo 11 mission, a site on the Moon was picked as the landing site that was thought to be a clear choice. However, while the Apollo probe was descending, the two astronauts realized the site was filled with boulders and knew it would

be hazardous to attempt their descent. Therefore, Armstrong began to manually navigate the probe which involved skimming over the risky site, a decision which meant more fuel would be consumed while skimming over the location. The probe had a fuel limit set where upon reaching it, automatic abort of the landing would begin. The probe landed 25 seconds before reaching this point. What this means is that if the probe were 25 seconds late on its landing, automatic abortion of the mission would have occurred, forcing them to travel back to

the Columbia that was orbiting the Moon.

—5 The astronauts declared “moon rock and moon dust” to customs when they returned to Earth. In 2015, Buzz Aldrin tweeted a “travel voucher” that outlined the nature of expenses incurred from his trip out of the atmosphere, just like somebody would for a trip of a more Earthly nature. In addition, he revealed that the astronauts were required to sign customs forms upon their return to Earth, upon

Moonwalk Although there were three astronauts sent to the Moon, only two of them were in the module and actually stepped on it

25 seconds fuel to spare The probe had a fuel limit set where upon reaching it, automatic abort of the landing would begin.

Extra-vehicular activity Total EVA lasted 21 hours and 36 minutes. However, only a few hours of time was spent on the lunar surface itself

which they declared to be carrying “moon rock and moon dust samples”.

—6 The astronauts left pictures of human beings and the recordings of many languages on the Moon’s surface. The astronauts left several items on the surface of the Moon, including pictures of human beings as well as audio recordings of several different languages to represent the global significance of the mission.

performed beyond the Earth’s atmosphere. Due to the many experiments the astronauts conducted on the Moon as well as placement of the many instruments involved, the total EVA lasted 21 hours and 36 minutes. However, only a few hours of time was spent on the lunar surface itself, as the astronauts took breaks in the probe as well.

Medallions bearing names of the three astronauts who perished in Apollo 1 on the launch pad and the two cosmonauts who perished in a similar accident were all left on the surface of the Moon as well.

—9 If Apollo 11 had failed, President Nixon had a speech ready. Although the Apollo 11 now has a cemented place in world history, at the time of its launch its success was not so certain. The mission had such a large risk of failing, in fact, that President Richard Nixon had a speech at the ready in case of catastrophe.

—7 After returning to earth, the astronauts had to be placed into quarantine. After landing on Earth, the three astronauts were promptly taken to a quarantine facility where they remained for 21 days.

As nobody had ever once landed on the Moon, it was not known whether or not it was even possible to takeoff from the Moon in order to return back to Earth. Thankfully, there was never occasion for the use of the speech, although copies of the text have since surfaced.

The reason behind this strange action was to prevent contamination of any microorganisms carried by the crew from the Moon, as the astronauts were returning from very uncharted territory. Nobody in the space program was sure whether or not the lunar surface was sterile. Of course, later studies confirmed the Moon to be void of any forms of life.

—8 Armstrong and Aldrin spent almost a full day on the Moon’s surface. The period spent outside the probe while on the Moon is known as “extravehicular activity”, or EVA, a term that covers any astronaut activity

— 10 Armstrong carried with him a piece of wood from an airplane that belonged to the Wright brothers. The first recorded flight was achieved by the Wright Brothers in 1903, 66 years before the first manned lunar mission. Thus, Neil Armstrong saw it fit to take with him pieces of wood from the pioneering Wright plane as well as a piece of fabric from the plane to symbolize the great progress made in aviation. Armstrong held these in his “personal preference kit” (PPK). The Wright Brothers, like Neil, were from the state of Ohio. The artefacts now sit in the Smithsonian museum in Washington, D.C.

MOON 10 FACTS

Birthday

50 years

Apollo 11 The Apollo 11 lunar lander touched the Moon: for the first time, man was walking on another world. This event marked the human history

Crew size 3 Members Neil A. Armstrong Michael Collins Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. Callsign CSM: Columbia LM: Eagle On surface: Tranquility Base

EVA (Extra-vehicular activity)

Fuel

Return to Earth after

2 hours, 31 minutes 40 seconds to be exact

When Eagle, lunar module landed, all he had is about 25 seconds of fuel left

in space and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24

2.5 hrs 25 sec 8 days Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space, and the first to orbit the Earth. It was another body blow to American pride. Nearly a month later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, completing a 15-minute suborbital journey

Apollo program history

The Eagle has landed SHORT TIMELINE

—1 Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Michael Collins, the CSM pilot, remained in lunar orbit —2 About 6 hours later, Armstrong and Aldrin donned their spacesuits and exited the LM.

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

—3 After practicing walking on the moon the astronauts deployed equipment for scientific experiments

Cost 1973

$25.4 billion

Cost 2016

$107 billion

—4 The astronauts collected about 50 pounds of lunar rocks and soil

Duration 1960–1972 1st flight

AS-201, Feb 26, 1966

1st crew

Apollo 7, Oct 11–22, 1968

Last flight

Apollo 17, Dec 7–19, 1972

Successes 16 Failures

Apollo 1, Apollo 13

Launch date

Landing date

Site Selection

July 16, 1969, 13:32:00 UTC

July 20, 1969 20:18:04 UTC

Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A

Mare Tranquillitatis 0.67408°N 23.47297°E

Five sites had a potential for landing

Landing Site

Sites 1 and 2 were in the Sea of Tranquility (Mare Tranquilitatis); Site 3 was in the Central Bay (Sinus Medii); and Sites 4 and 5 were in the Ocean of Storms (Oceanus Procellarum). The final site selection was based on seven criteria:

—1 The site needed to be smooth, with relatively few craters. —2 With approach paths free of large hills, tall cliffs or deep craters that might confuse the landing radar and cause it to issue incorrect readings —3 Reachable with a minimum amount of propellant; —4 Allowing for delays in the launch countdown —5 Providing the Apollo spacecraft with a free-return trajectory, one that would allow it to coast around the Moon and safely return to Earth without requiring any engine firings should a problem arise on the way to the Moon —6 With good visibility during the landing approach, meaning that the Sun would be between 7 and 20 degrees behind the LM —7 A general slope of less than 2 degrees in the landing area

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

that was piloted by Michael Collins. On July 24, the craft splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean. The astronauts were recovered by the U.S.S. Hornet. 4

4 6

The second manned lunar landing took place on November 19, 1969. The lunar module of Apollo 12, crewed by Commander Charles Conrad and pilot Alan Bean, separated from the orbiting command module piloted by Richard Gordon.

3 1

—2 Apollo 12

—1 Apollo 11

Apollo program Total 6 manned Moon landings Get to the Moon before Soviets Running from 1961 to 1972, the objective of the program was to gather as much data as possible from orbits and manned landings

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MOON APOLLO PROGRAM

On July 20, 1969, the lunar module of Apollo 11 became the first manned spacecraft to land safely on the Moon in the area named Mare Tranquillitatis, commonly known as the Sea of Tranquility. The module was manned by Commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin. Upon landing, Armstrong called Houston base and reported “The Eagle has landed”. A few hours later, Armstrong stepped onto the surface and reported “that’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”. Aldrin followed minutes later. After a stay of 21 hours and 36 minutes during which the astronauts took photographs, conducted experiments and collected samples of rock and soil, they lifted off. The lunar module then docked with the orbiting command module

The two astronauts landed in the area called Oceanus Procellarum near Surveyor crater, and close to Surveyor 3, an unmanned spacecraft which had landed two and a half years earlier. They conducted experiments, took photographs and collected samples. Parts of Surveyor 3 were taken for later examination as well. After 31 hours and 31 minutes, they took off. After docking with the command module, the lunar module was jettisoned and crashed onto the Moon, causing the first recorded artificial moonquake. The astronauts splashed down safely near American Samoa and were recovered by the U.S.S. Hornet.

—3 Apollo 14 The third manned moon landing was made on February 5, 1971, by the lunar module of Apollo 14, crewed by Commander Alan Shepard and pilot Edgar Mitchell. They landed 13 miles (21 kilometers) north of the Fra Mauro crater. The astronauts collected samples, took

photographs and conducted experiments, one of them being Shepard striking two golf balls. The lunar module lifted off on February 6, after 33 hours and 31 minutes spent on the Moon’s surface, to dock with the orbiting command module that was piloted by Stuart Roosa. On February 9, the crew splashed down in the Pacific, nearly 800 nautical miles south of American Samoa where they were recovered by the U.S.S. New Orleans. That was the last time recovered astronauts were quarantined.

—4 Apollo 15 Apollo 15 was the fourth manned lunar landing which took place on July 30, 1971. After separating from the orbiting command module that was piloted by Alfred Worden, Commander David Scott and pilot James Irwin landed in the Mare Imbrium area, close to the Montes Apenninus. Scientific experiments were carried out, photographs taken and samples collected. The Lunar Rover was used for the first time, allowing the astronauts to explore a much larger area. After 66 hours and 55 minutes, the lunar module took off to dock with the command module. During the descent to Earth, one of the 3 parachutes didn’t open properly. Despite that, the craft splashed down safely 330 miles north of Honolulu. The astronauts were recovered by the U.S.S. Okinawa.

—5 Apollo 16 The fifth manned moon landing was made on April 21, 1972, by the lunar

module of Apollo 16 that was commanded by John Young and piloted by Charles Duke. They landed in the Descartes area north of the Dolland crater, leaving pilot Thomas Mattingly in charge of the orbiting command module. The astronauts traveled 16.7 miles (27 kilometers) in the Lunar Rover vehicle, collecting samples and taking photographs as well as carrying out various experiments. On April 24, after a stay of 71 hours and 21 minutes, the lunar module lifted off and docked with the command module. On April 27, the crew splashed down some 200 miles southeast of Christmas Island where they were recovered by the U.S.S. Ticonderoga.

—6 Apollo 17 The last manned landing on the Moon to date, which took place on December 11, 1972, was made by Commander Eugene Cernan and lunar module pilot Harrison Schmitt who was also the first scientist on the Moon. Undocking from the command module piloted by Ronald Evans, Schmitt guided the spacecraft to land in the valley of Taurus Littrow, close to the southeastern edge of the Mare Serenitatis crater. They used a Lunar Rover vehicle to travel 18.6 miles (30 kilometers), collecting samples, taking photographs and conducting experiments.

Apollo 13 Landing sites for Apollo Moon missions — Apollo 13 was intended to land in the Fra Mauro area, the same area as Apollo 14

Apollo 1 Not flown; all crew members, Gus Grissom , Ed White and Roger B. Chaffee perished in fire on launch pad on January 27, 1967

On December 14, after a 75hour long stay, they lifted off and docked with the command module. On December 19, the astronauts successfully splashed down southeast of the Samoan Islands where they were recovered by the U.S.S. Ticonderoga.

MOON APOLLO PROGRAM

FLAG ON THE MOON Image taken at Tranquility Base during the Apollo 11 Mission. Original film magazine was labeled

Edwin Aldrin poses beside the U.S. flag Footprints The LM is visible in the left field of view. Footprints and the cable of the surface television camera are visible in the foreground

WORDS JANE DOE PHOTOS PUBLIC DOMAIN ON NASA INFOGRAPHIC AFTER DESIGN STUDIO

MOON FEATURE

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MOON FEATURE

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LAUNCH SET Photo composite and last week before Apollo 11 launch PHOTO NASA

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Moon smells like gunpowder The smell of the Moon lingers in the dust on their suit and on the rocks brought back to the ship. That's how they could smell it

Space smells like metal Yet the smell of the Moon is not just the smell of space. Space smells rather different, more like steak or metal

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SEE MORE Scan QR code and take a look at Apollo 11 Mission footage. Publication date 1969-07-21

MOON FEATURE

Moon avarage orbital speed

Lunar day

Daylight on the Moon would last

With orbital velocity of 1.022 km/s (0.635 miles/s), covers a distance approx. its diameter

On average, lasts 27 Earth days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, and 12 seconds to complete one orbit

Followed by approximately two weeks of night

1 km/s 1 day RADIO SIGNAL The word 'dark' refers also to the fact that communication with spacecraft can be blocked while it is on the far side of the Moon

2 weeks

The phrase 'dark side of the Moon' does not refer to 'dark' as in the absence of light, but rather 'dark' as in unknown: until humans were able to send spacecraft around the Moon, this area had never been seen

NORTH POLE

WE SEE ONLY NEAR SIDE The moon completes one full rotation on its axis in the time it takes to orbit the Earth. That means the same side is always turned toward us

The Dark side â&#x20AC;&#x201D; You ment Far side of the Moon Both sides of the Moon experience two weeks of sunlight followed by two weeks of night; sometimes it is called the 'dark side of the Moon', meaning unseen rather than lacking light

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

SOUTH POLE

SHADOWS The interiors of mostly impact craters never receive any direct sunlight. These regions are perpetually dark and thus very, very cold

Top of the Moon

Lunar north pole The lunar north pole is the northernmost point on the Moon, lying diametrically opposite the lunar south pole. It defines latitude 90° North. At the lunar north pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value.

CRATERS South Pole-Aitken basin, which appears to be one of the most fundamental features of the Moon

MOUNTAINS Epsilon Peak,which is taller than any mountain found on Earth

Water ice

Lunar south pole MISSION CHANG'E 4 China's landing site inside Von Kármán Crater. Jan 3rd 2019 at 02:26 UTC

It's of special interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. Craters are unique in that sunlight does not reach the bottom. Such craters are cold traps that contain a fossil record of the early Solar System.

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

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Michael Collins COMMAND MODULE PILOT Second and last spaceflight

Meet the crew That pulls you out of this world Permanent station NASA plans to return astronauts to the moon to set up a permanent space station. If all goes according to plan, we will be there 2019

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MOON FEATURE

—1 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere. —2 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel. —3 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat

—4 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. Occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. —5 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. —6 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. —7 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb dolupita dolorunt arumquae.

—8 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. —9 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro. — 10 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus.

SEE MORE Scan QR code and take a look at Apollo 11 Mission footage. Publication date 1969-07-21

dolupita dolorunt platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria.

Edwin 'Buzz' E. Aldrin Jr. LUNAR MODULE PILOT Second and last spaceflight

SEE MORE Scan QR code and take a look at Apollo 11 Mission footage. Publication date 1969-07-21

MOON FEATURE

dolupita dolorunt platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria.

Neil Alden Armstrong COMMANDER Second and last spaceflight

PERMANENT FOOTPRINT The first footprints on the Moon will be there for a million years. There is no wind to blow them away

—2 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel. —3 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat

SEE MORE Scan QR code and take a look at Apollo 11 Mission footage. Publication date 1969-07-21

MOON FEATURE

Heartbeat Aldrin was 'cool as a cucumber'

—2 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur dolupita dolorunt.

The eagle may have landed, but not without some incredible heart palpitations. Armstrong felt his 'small step' with his feet as much as he did with his heart

—3 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria. —4 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. dolupita dolorunt arumquae.

SOURCE NASA RESEARCH JANE DOE INFOGRAPHIC AFTER DESIGN STUDIO

Heartbeats during mission Launch

Lunar touchdown

Extravehicular activity

Lunar lift-off

0:00:00:00

04:06:45:41

04:13:24:28

05:04:22:23

Armstrong

Collins

Aldrin

G.E.T.

MOON MEDICAL

Aolupita dolorunt arumquae. Occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. dolupita dolorunt arumquae.

EVA 04:13:24:28 Launch 0:00:00:00 Tis ut faccabo reperit faciti aut videliq uodiaep erspedi orrovid magnimusci numqui consecto omnime sandes maximet unt. Nam, imi, culpa is ut ommodicia exceperisque endipsa persperum iuntorit ommodias molorum eturectotas nectatem harchit qui dem sit volorro ene ducil ipsapiet esedignam, velendandaes que cuptati aerero blaccus. Ictur, quat.

Tis ut faccabo reperit faciti aut videliq uodiaep erspedi orrovid magnimusci numqui consecto omnime sandes maximet unt. Nam, imi, culpa is ut ommodicia exceperisque endipsa persperum iuntorit ommodias molorum eturectotas nectatem harchit qui dem sit volorro ene ducil ipsapiet esedignam, velendandaes que cuptati aerero blaccus. Ictur, quat..

Lunar lift-off

—5 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. —6 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria dolorest, comnis alist re pro blatur. —7 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb dolupita dolorunt arumquae. Ferem cor receptat pro quid.

05:04:22:23 Lunar touchdown 04:06:45:41 Tis ut faccabo reperit faciti aut videliq uodiaep erspedi orrovid magnimusci numqui consecto omnime sandes maximet unt. Nam, imi, culpa is ut ommodicia exceperisque endipsa persperum iuntorit ommodias molorum eturectotas nectatem harchit qui dem sit volorro ene ducil ipsapiet esedignam, velendandaes que cuptati aerero blaccus. Ictur, quat..

—8 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria blatur. —9 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum que ratia dolori consecere quaspel lupideb itatur aut ut apero molorunt venia doloria — 10 Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit a It quas atem invel et que con coneste ssinullescia voluptat dolupita dolorunt arumquae platatus. Ferem cor receptat pro magnimu sapedit, occum.Ehendi dolor arum esedite doluptate.

MOON MEDICAL

Sun width SCALE

= =

100 x Earth 400 x Moon

Earth from Sun DISTANCE

= = =

100 x Sun diameter 1,000 x Eart diameter 400 x distance of Moon from Earth

* Approximetly to scale 1/2 width

Sun radius

Sun diameter

2 x radius

Sizes shown approximetly to scale. Distances are not

Dwarf planets Pluto | Haumea | Makemake | Eris

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

Diameter

Approximetly to scale

SUN 1,392,000 km 864,432 mi

EARTH 12,682 km 7876 mi

MOON 3748 km 2,160 mi

109 x Earth

3,38 x Moon

0,27 x Earth

400 x

astronimical unit lunar distance

DISTANCE 149,597,870 km 92,955,807 mi

DISTANCE 384,402 km 238,856 mi

= 1 au 389,6 LD

= 0.00257 au = 1 LD

Everything fits

Distance Between the Earth and the Moon

You could fit all of the other 7 planets of the Solar system between the Earth and the Moon with about 8030 km (4990 mi) to spare

Earth |

| Moon

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

Diameter

MOON 3748 km 2,160 mi

EARTH 12,682 km 7876 mi

0,27 x Earth

SUN 1,392,000 km 864,432 mi 109 x Earth

Distance of Moon and Earth from Sun shown approximetly to scale. Sizes are not

Earth diameter x 100

Width of the Earth

Width of the Moon

The Moon’s diameter approximetly equal to San Francisco - Cleveland distance

Day temperature on the Moon

106 ºC 224 degrees Fahrenheit

Night temperature on the Moon

-183 ºC -298 degrees Fahrenheit

San Francisco

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

Because the Moon has no significant atmosphere to block some of the Sun's rays or to help trap heat at night, its temperature varies greatly between day and night 3953 km (2,456 mi)

Cleveland

Distance of Earth from Sun is 400x bigger than distance of Moon from Earth

Sun diameter Sun diameter x 100

Distance of the Earth from the Sun

Width of the Sun is 400x bigger than width of the Moon The Moon is drifting away...

... away from the Earth

It is estimated that it will continue to do so for around 50 billion years

By the time it happens, the Moon will be taking around 47 days to orbit the Earth

3,8 cm/yr

Basketball Diameter 24 cm (9,5")

47 days

Scale in relative Sizes If Earth was dize of basketball and moon size of tennis ball, distance between them would be 7,3 m (24 feet)

Earth |

Tennis ball Diameter 6,5 cm (2,5")

| Moon

Surface to surface = 29,5 x Earth Center of the Earth to centre of the Moon = 30 x Earth Center of the Earth to centre of the Sun = 1,000 x Earth

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

Moonwalk Buzzin' through new atmosphere 12 men walked the Moon The last man to walk in 1972 was Gene Cernan on the Apollo 17 mission. Since then it's only visited by unmanned vehicles

WORDS JANE DOE PHOTOS PUBLIC DOMAIN ON WIKIPEDIA INFOGRAPHIC AFTER DESIGN STUDO

MOON FEATURE

Flag on the moon

Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit Astronaut Neil Armstrong, mission commander, took this photograph with a 70mm lunar surface camera. While Armstrong and Aldrin descended in the lunar module to explore the Sea of Tranquility, astronaut Michael Collins, command module pilot, remained in lunar orbit with the Command and Service Module, Columbia. This is the actual photograph as exposed on the moon by Armstrong. He held the camera slightly rotated so that the camera frame did not include the top of Aldrin's portable life support system ("backpack"). A communications antenna mounted on top of the backpack is also cut off in this picture. When the image was released to the public, it was rotated clockwise to restore the astronaut to vertical for a more harmonious composition, and a black area was added above his head to recreate the missing black lunar "sky". The edited version is the one most commonly reproduced and known to the public, but the original version, above, is the authentic exposure. A full explanation with illustrations can be seen at the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal.

SEE MORE Scan QR code and take a look at Apollo 11 Mission footage. Publication date 1969-07-21

MOON FEATURE

High leap and bound The Moon has weaker gravity than Earth, due to its smaller mass, you would weigh about one sixth (16.5%) of your weight

No atmosphere, no sound Surface is unprotected from cosmic rays, has huge temperature variations and the sky always appears black

The Moon has quakes These are caused by the gravitational pull of the Earth. Scientists think the Moon has a molten core, just like Earth

MOON FEATURE

atque venihil mo verovid ebissim ut et post, nobis acculpa que dolorei untiberi conse quunt repellest, odita doluptat. Ximpori tasitatur aut el magnatur? Itiuntet moluptatin porae seriberaes commo etur? Ferumquam nis ad eum fugitibust, suntiberum num quibusdae doluptate nis sima volo modit lab ipsum fugiatet quam nonsequamusa dolupicit offictem rerrum voluptaquia imus nestiur am quibus is re laut etur molupic tet eossi aut moditiatis num eum fuga. Consequodit, omnis ape offici cuptas es es nusti idit officid quam sumquo od et arum faccae net, sum delit quam ratio quatur, nonsequunt. Odiam rendae voluptiatia destin nobit, ellaccuptas quosape pratia sam et aceaquia dendipi sciassit, aute sitibusdam iustibe riatiis ma nectemqui quatia volupta conseque ped moditat quodio ipsapit et et esenis quissim inventia nam deruptius ad que verciditi debit eatendi osanim ipsant et asit ma sus, volor aute mod minvelent magnata eum dolupiet pa iliquam ipidit apedissitem nia aut ut optiore officias nobitia volum quisti tem a nus est, consero volupti oribust quis aut laut verchil molupta ssitassus dolupta nia corem quae molupta eptionserum que re lictiat ecesequi ipsa por miliquo ipic tet hil il molutem quo odis dest, quam sa sum hit quo eum ent eum in est, omnihil est rendi volor sa dolorio nsenditatium quis nonem. Nequidebit quis aut iuntem id mi, veror molupta quae is eum repratur, ut velessi occum haribus. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Ucidem namus audit voluptia quibus dolupid eseque labo. Itas dolor moluptum quo voloribus. As magnihi llorecatia coreri voluptiatur minvend andeliq uamusan destiandita denimagnimus dolorem porendu ntibusa esto ipis molo experum erspero tempor sumquo officiusa dolores ea impora alitatis imendam, cum labo. Vel ipsa vollest quid quunt molum eium latur, totae natibus. Bis autem a vendia debis con rerore laut exerumquas dolupturem inim quis aut qui sit aut que prehend andaes non nitatur? Nam, ut omnis qui acearum quistiunt eatisquae et quis dolor aliquia sperum ut porempostiam latis entis sequatur aut eum et prem rem quam siti dolupta eserumquibus et molorum eaquuntorem conserum re eum ut ommo optur si venis aut aute moluptatem si ne voluptatio blatest qui optatur? Vel iderovid unt, odis repersp ellacea tisciliquam volupta nonest vel in pora sequam ipicit ped quid quamus vide vellecum ipsum lautem explisque laborum sitate dellabo. Andam qui odignie ndebitior mosti to venis que volor accupie niminvel int volorumet ipsant fugia quiassu nderibust la veni dolor si aut esedit aut perunti buscia duntis sunt eniscie nihilitae venis cum verum inciti ommo blatatur? Entioratium, odis ipici blaut pa dolecerspis eossequia ipsanimi, omnim quataquos aut faccus solupta accabo. Nequis is idel ipsae quaes quo doloressum haruntium, que sint fugit idusandunt eius, necum rerumention reprae pro magnam eum facepratium ea pelignihilia cus molo optat voluptate lab iminci delic tem aditi non nobis ilibusa musciam endia ipsandebit, sequi ratiber feribus eaquatu repudis alit ommo eturibust a porercium si ipsus vendanto estia quibust que vidus et laborib erspis doloris seque quiati volorem etur

simi, odit elessen dandesed et acidebi tations ectaspi caboribus eum expliat eum et veliam repercition perum dollabo. Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Ut eliate vel ent exeriae et inihill atectis dictorum reptatur aut qui ut modit faccum doluptatet apero volupta vit explam am explitas ad quis dolut iligendit voluptatem nis et, quo beaquas essit aped maio es mi, nihilitiae adit voluptatiis aut que vollore none volupide voluptae ped essum asperor itatus rem volorit eos corum ea volupta tquiate del ipsamus et ernat re volorpos quam, sedis de veriaepti doluptas demquatiamet est esequiandunt aut eumquiatum sit, solor sum quia alis aut et omnima conectotat facerch ictoris aut vento voluptatque pro berestium lam que poreseq uatur? Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Ma posam nonseriam sant volorrum voluptae eseque doluptas eos am quiduciis mo blaccullit est, sitatur, odione sendam untemqu osanditius enditatur autecte rat aut quam, sit lati ressus poreptaqui aut elitas ventect aquunti con repudipsum liquiatem. Itionsequi ra doluptate oditaeptur solorum fugit offictistrum quas rem eum faceperepero et magnate mporeprem dia nulliquas aut aut et est, odipsa volest, cuptur? Fic tem quam, qui quid quibusam, sam ea videbis exerumet minvelesciis aute natiand ucianis ea vollor rehentiate diciunt accus moluptati ipiet alici beatur?

Rise and fall of the tides There are two bulges in the Earth due to the gravitational pull that the Moon exerts and moves them around the oceans due to rotation

Dark side is a myth In reality both sides of the Moon see the same amount of sunlight however only one face of the Moon is ever seen from Earth

Detonating a nuclear bomb The secret during cold war was known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Project A119â&#x20AC;? and meant as a show of strength were lagging behind in the space race

Nis sequis excepti orecaep udigent ionecto cum fugit int. Esto enderit ea cus eicitae. Te sapelentiunt facea commodit litatem dolor sedic tem num nia quibuscid enist velenihit et odisquas intis moluptae. Etus exereriasse modit quias simende mporibu saperibusdam cupicipisquo vel iligeni mporibu sdanihicia solupitas dunt, oditat ma quas mil enducium fugiaesti dente essimusa conseque ommoluptatum volupta dese non re, cum ipiciis quam enimilique vidus pa ius ea vit vel modipsandaes de aut ea verci cus perspero quo optaquiat. Ut eliate vel ent exeriae et inihill atectis dictorum reptatur aut qui ut modit faccum doluptatet apero volupta vit explam am explitas ad quis dolut iligendit voluptatem nis et, quo beaquas essit aped maio es mi, nihilitiae adit voluptatiis aut que vollore none volupide voluptae ped essum asperor itatus rem volorit eos corum ea volupta tquiate del ipsamus et ernat re volorpos quam, sedis de veriaepti doluptas demquatiamet est esequiandunt aut eumquiatum sit, solor sum quia alis aut et omnima conectotat facerch ictoris aut? Blaciur accaborestin cum re net quas ex eatempos sit. Ma posam nonseriam sant volorrum voluptae eseque doluptas eos am quiduciis mo blaccullit est, sitatur, odione sendam untemqu osanditius enditatur autecte rat aut quam, sit lati ressus poreptaqui aut elitas ventect aquunti con repudipsum liquiatem. Itionsequi ra doluptate oditaeptur solorum fugit offictistrum quas rem eum faceperepero et magnate mporeprem dia nulliquas aut aut et est, odipsa volest, cuptur? Nis sequis excepti orecaep udigent ionecto cum fugit int. Esto enderit ea cus eicitae. Te sapelentiunt facea commodit litatem dolor sedic tem num nia quibuscid enist velenihit et odisquas intis moluptae. Etus exereriasse modit quias simende mporibu saperibusdam cupicipisquo vel iligeni mporibu sdanihicia solupitas dunt, oditat ma quas mil enducium.

MOON FEATURE

Flight sketches Walkthrough in 16 graphic steps

01. Step

04. Step

16 July, 1969, 13:32

3h 24m - 4h 17m

Launch into orbit Launch by a Saturn V rocket. This is followed by two revolutions in Earth orbit

Combine spacecrafts, adjust course The CSM extracts the LM and they continue to the Moon (the rocket stage will miss it)

02. Step

05. Step

2h 44-50m

3d 4h

Leave orbit for the Moon (slightly off course) Third stage of the rocket reignites to send the spacecraft to the Moon

Into Moon orbit After 3 days travel the SM engine slows the spacecraft to enter Moon orbit

03. Step

06. Step

3h 5m

3d 23h

Uncover spacecrafts soon after CSM separates from the third stage and the LM is uncovered

One astronauts remains in command module In Moon orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin move to the LM

Temperature extremes The requirement for the Sun angle was particularly restrictive, limiting the launch date to one day per month

SOURCE NASA PHOTOS PUBLIC DOMAIN ON WIKIMEDIA INFOGRAPHIC AFTER DESIGN STUDIO

MOON TIMELINE

07. Step

10. Step

12. Step

14. Step

4d 4h

5d 4h

5d 10h

8d 2h 49m

Descent with Moon lander The CSM and LM separate, the CSM with Collins onboard remains in Moon orbit

Leave Moon surface with upper part of Moon lander 21Â˝ hours after the landing the ascent stage lifts off

Remove empty Moon lander After the crew is united in the CM the ascent stage is moved away

Separate before reentry Before reentry the CM separates from the SM and turns 180Â° to face the heat shield forward

08. Step

11. Step

13. Step

15. Step

20 July, 20:17

5d 8h

5d 15h

8d 3h 00-18m

Land on the Moon Landing using the descent stage engine (4d 6h)

Join command module The ascent stage goes into Moon orbit and docks with the CSM

Go back to Earth The SM engine is fired to escape Moon orbit and go to the Earth

Enter atmosphere and land Air friction heats the shield and slows the CM until it can be landed by parachutes on 24 July, 16:50

16. Step 8d 4h Recover Astronauts are picked up and brought to an aircraft carrier

09. Step 21 July, 02:56 On the Moon First step on the Moon by Armstrong (4d 13h)

MOON FEATURE

A trans-lunar injection

What is trans-lunar injection (TLI)

TLI cutoff

A trans-lunar injection (TLI) is a propulsive maneuver used to set a spacecraft on a trajectory that will cause it to arrive at the Moon.

—1 Typical lunar transfer trajectories approximate Hohmann transfers, although low-energy transfers have also been used in some cases, as with the Hiten probe.

—2 For short duration missions without significant perturbations from sources outside the Earth-Moon system, a fast Hohmann transfer is more practical.

Moon at arrival time MOON ORBIT

Moon at TLI

EARTH

TLI Cutoff occurs at the red dot

Apollo 8

Escape the gravity

Travel time

manned spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program

manned spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit, reach the Moon, orbit it, and return home

Apolo 8 took almost three days to travel the distance to the Moon

2 nd FIRST REACH The Moon was first reached in September 1959 by the Soviet Union’s Luna 2, an unmanned spacecraft

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

1st

68 hrs

Apollo 8’s successful mission paved the way for Apollo 11 to fulfill U.S. president John F. Kennedy’s goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the 1960s

SATURN V TOTAL HT 110 m (363 ft)

Launch Escape System

TOTAL WT 2 722 000 kg 6,000,000 lb

Command Module Service Module Lunar Module Instrument unit

Fuel Tank Lox Tank S-IVB stage J-2 Engine / 1 x

Fuel Tank

S-IIC stage

Lox Tank

J-2 Engine / 5 x

Fuel Tank Lox Tank

S-IC stage

F-1 Engine / 5 x

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

Lunar

Phase Or the lunar phase is the shape of the directly sunlit portion of the Moon as viewed from Earth. The lunar phases change over the period of about 29.53 days

Each phase takes

7,4 day manned spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit, reach the Moon, orbit it, and return home

During New and Full Moon SUN

Tides Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravity exerted by the Moon and the Sun

It's not color that gave him name

Blue

It is second full moon in a month of the common calendar

No astronomical significance

Blood

Red Moon or a "blood moon" happens when moon is in a total lunar eclipse

MOON INFOGRAPHIC

Orbit of the Earth

Waning (Last) Quarter

Waning Crescent

Waning Gibbous

Full Moon (NORTH POLE) EARTH

New Moon

Orbit of the Moon Waxing Crescent

Waxing Gibbous

Waxing (First) Quarter

Orbit of the Earth

Sunlit part of the Moon visible from the Earth

Sunlit part of the Moon not visible from the Earth

No sunlight

MOON INFOGRAPHIC