AGATA KORZENIEWSKA MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
CONTENTS YEAR 1 THE HABITAT TRANSIENCE SIMULACRA REVELATION YEAR 2 PERSPECTIVES TECHNICAL DETAIL DETAIL SECTION ELEVATION ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES AXONOMETRIC YEAR 3 CONCEPT GENERATION OF FORM STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES USE FACADE ANALYSIS EXISTING SITE PLAN PROPOSED ROOF PLAN PLANS EXHIBITION BOARD AXONOMETRIC ELEVATIONS SECTIONS TECHNICAL DETAILS PHYSICAL MODEL INTERIOR PERSPECTIVES EXTERNAL VIEW
YEAR 1
THE JAZZ CROC THE JAZZ CROC IS AN ABSTRACT PROPOSAL CREATING THREE DIFFERENT SPACES BASED ON THE SYMBIOSIS OF A HUMAN - JAZZ SAXOPHONIST - AND A CROCODILE. IT INCLUDES CROCODILES NEST, TRANSIENT LIVING BOAT OF THE MUSICIAN AND THE FINAL CONCERT HALL WITH CROCODILE OBSERVATORY. IT IS A VERY ABSTRACT ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND THE MOST COMPLICATED CLIENT AND CREATE A USEFUL AND BEAUTIFUL SPACE FOR THAT UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP TO EXIST.
THE HABITAT
TRANSIENCE
SIMULACRA
REVELATION
YEAR 2
THE LEVENSHULME ICE ARENA THE LEVENSHULME ICE ARENA IS A PROPOSAL OF AN OLYMPIC SIZE ICE RINK WHICH OPERATES ALL YEAR LONG. THE BUILDING CORRESPONDS WITH MANCHESTER’S SPORTS SCENE IMPROVING ITS SCALE ON THE WINTER SPORTS ARENA. THE PROPOSAL WOULD ALSO HELP LOWER THE CRIME RATE AMONGST THE YOUNG POPULATION OF LEVENSHULME BY PROVIDING THEM WITH INTERESTING AND VALUABLE PLACE TO SPEND THEIR FREE TIME PROMOTING HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE AT THE SAME TIME. THE LEVENSHULME ICE ARENA IS A HIGHLY DEVELOPED PROJECT IN TERMS OF ITS TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITIES.
PERSPECTIVE STREET VIEW
TECHNICAL SECTION
DETAIL 2 - ROOF CONSTRUCTION OVER THE ICE PAD DETAIL 3 - ICE PAD STRUCTURE SEALING MEMBRANE POLYVINYL CHLORIDE WITH POLYESTER TEXTILE INTERLAYER 18mm OSB, VAPOUR - TIGHT 260mm PINE JOIST
240mm INSULATING FELT VAPOUR BARRIER 0.2mm POLYTHENE SHEET 30mm BATTENS/FELT, ACOUSTIC BOARD 25mm BONDED WOOD WOOL
TIMBER STRIP COMPOSITE BOARD, ALUMINIUM/POLYTHENE 4mm POLYURETHANE COATING 60mm ALUMINIUM SYSTEM/VENTILATION WIND BARRIER, GLUED POLYACRYLIC 15mm OSB, GLUED JOINTS 100mm PINE 180mm ROCKWOOL INSULATION VAPOUR BARRIER 22mm OPEN BOARDING 8mm CEMENT-BOUND CHIPBOARD
PERSPECTIVE
KICK STRIP: 4mm POLYTHENE COVER 15mm POLYTHENE GALVANISED STEEL SHEET 10mm WHITE GPR
MAIN SHEET OF ICE
40mm ICE 12mm ARTIFICIAL PLAYING SURFACE SANDED IN, SYNTHETIC ABSORBER MAT WITH SYNTHETIC-RESIN-BOUND SILICA-SAND SURFACE 50mm FINE CHIPPINGS 150mm GRAVEL/CHIPPINGS 200mm THERMAL INSULATION 400mm GRAVEL/CHIPPINGS VAPOUR RESISTANT MAT 400mm CONCRETE BASE VAPOUR BARRIER
9mm RUBBER, EPOXY RESIN ADHESIVE 20mm RUBBER MASTIC GRANULATE 60mm DRAINAGE ASPHALT 50mm FINE CHIPPINGS FROST PROTECTION ANGULAR GRAIN
1:10 DETAIL BASED ON ST POLTEN ICE RINK (DETAIL MAGAZINE)
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
ENERGY RETRIVAL THROUGH THE USAGE OF REFRIGERATION UNIT
OUTDOOR COOLING CELL
INTER SEASONAL HEAT STORE
OUTDOOR COOLING CELL
THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE REFRIGERATION PLANT IS NEARLY IDENTICAL TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE FLOOR HEATING SYSTEM
PROCESS OF COOLING THE ICE PAD
REFRIGERATION PLANT WITH HEAT RECOVERY: PREHEATING OF HOT WATER, FLOOR HEATING AND AIR HEATING
SECTION WEST
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
1:100
SECTION EAST
1:100 DETAILED TECHNICAL SECTION
1:50
1:200
YEAR 3 THE FLUX
LOCATED IN THE HEART OF THE MANCHESTER AIRPORT, THE FLUX IS AN EXHIBITION SPACE WHICH DISPLAYS THE BIGGEST VARIABLE OF NOWADAYS WORLD - CHANGE ITSELF. PROVIDING A STABLE FRAME AND MAINTAINING CIRCULATORY CHARACTER OF THE SITE, IT EXPLORES THE POTENTIAL PEOPLE BRING INTO THE CITY IN THE PLACE WHERE IT IS MOST PROMINENT AND RELEVANT. THROUGH SERIES OF MICRO CHANGES INTRODUCED BY PEOPLE AND THEREFORE EXHIBITIED INTERNALLY AND A SET OF MACRO TRANSMUTATIONS INITIATED BY THE ENVIRONMENT AND SHOWN ON THE OUTSIDE FACADE, THE BUILDING DISPLAYS A VARIETY OF SMART MATERIALS WHICH REACT TO DIFFERENT IMPULSES DEPENDING ON THEIR LOCATION.
SECTION WEST - EAST
GENERATION OF FORM “The performative envelope is a highly engineered facade construction that, at its most basic level, is optimized for a variety of performance criteria relating to heat and light transmission.� M. Addington, Architecture of Contingency
The initial proposal was a dynamic piece of architecture that displayed change by the extruding facade made of an electro active polymer. In this idea the vibrations produced by people walking on the skylink were transformed into current flow which ignited the movement of the facade. The aim of it was to very explicitly show the direct impact of the user on the space and make them feel and see how they are bringing in the change through changing facade.
PERSPECTIVE - AERIAL VIEW
INITIAL CONCEPT SKETCHES
The algorythmic design was found as the resultant of average current transmission through the polymer which was calculated taking in to account the average amount of people in the airport during different times of the day. Various extrusions visually show that variable. That idea emphasised the importance of the flexibility of design which is crucial for an exhibition space and airport site.
OPERATION PRINCIPLE - FACADE EXTRUSION ANALYSIS
PEAK HOURS
OFF - PEAK HOURS
UNPOPULAR AND LATE HOURS
PLAN - FINAL FORM
The initial idea was inspired by creating the visual and circulatory division between spaces of different environmental needs. It proposed a ramp underlining a journey through the exhibition space and a vertical circulation core in the middle that would take the businessman into the office space at the top. The primary sketches where inspired by the utopian ideas of Archigram.
The final proposal was based on site analysis - its spatial qualities and programmatic character as a circulatory space. It also maintained the concept of exhibiting the feeling of change through the display of smart materials which react to the external forces. Therefore the final proposal is situated on a ramp that runs through the entire building introducing the user into the interactive journey which he affects himself.
PERSPECTIVE - AERIAL VIEW
CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURE
PHASE 1
DEMOLITION OF EXISTING TRAIN STATION
CASTING CONCRETE PILE FOUNDATION
PHASE 2
CONSTRUCTING CONCRETE FRAME AND WALLS
PHASE 4
LAYING OUT THE ROOF
PHASE 3
The structure of the building is divided into zones that follow the programmatic and environmental needs. Therefore, the lower part of the building, which is much heavier, is based on the primary concrete structure, while the top floor, with its significantly lighter character, is based on a steel frame. The key element defining the structure was the ramp, which was primarily calculated following building regulations. Even though the building is not tall on the whole, its various levels constituted a structural challenge. The proposed biodynamic concrete is one of the most sustainable versions of that material as it helps to maintain the closed waterproof structure. It also provides useful thermal mass and rather neutral base for the other components. On the other hand, steel frame is much lighter hence using it on the top floor reduced the load imposed on the rest of the building.
SECONDARY STRUCTURE PRIMARY STRUCTURE
CONSTRUCTING A RAMP AND HIGHER FLOORS
Following engineers advice, the building is balanced on concrete loadbearing columns spaced out with maximum 11m distance between each. It is further supported by the beam system.
PHASE 5
CONSTRUCTING THE STEEL FRAME ON THE TOP FLOOR PRIMARY CONCRETE BEAMS SECONDARY CONCRETE BEAMS
PHASE 6
PUTTING UP CURTAIN AND CONCRETE WALLS
PHASE 7
PRIMARY CONCRETE COLUMNS AND RETAINING WALL
Loads are therefore carried by the primary structure, putting most of it on the concrete frame. Thanks to pile footing they are being equally distributed into the ground and provide a stable environment for the proposed building.
LOADS ANALYSIS
LAYING OUT THE GREEN ROOF AND PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
Nowadays the sustainability of the construction process is one of the most important ones alongside shifting the energy strategies into more renewable ones. The proposed building is mostly a concrete construction with steel frame on the top floor as it becomes lighter. This allows the construction to be low carbon and extremely durable. Concrete provides thermal mass and fire resistance, improves acoustic qualities of the building and has the considerable ability to future changes while maintaining the most neutral base for the exhibition space.
DEAD LOADS
LIVE LOADS
LOAD CARRIED BY FOUNDATION AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE SOIL
ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS
ENVIRONMENT - DAYLIGHTING The Flux can be divided into daylighting zones which follow its programmatic functions. This is directly linked with different environmental requirements for those two types of spaces. Natural daylighting provides a positive and warm working environment which is why it is perfect for the offices. However, exhibition space requires more control in terms of lighting as it is used to underline the exhibited technology. Therefore, the exhibition space is mostly artificially lit.
natural lighting zone artificial lighting zone
The proposed building incorporates a net - zero water system. It is equipped with rainwater harvesting system, green roof covered with horsetail which cleans the water which is later on brought to the ground and the Flowstow system designed by Arup which reuses rainwater to flush the toilets.
DAYLIGHTING ZONES
The main fully glazed entrance to the building is South - West facing to provide maximum daylight. It is also the location of homeostatic facade panel which controls the amount of daylight in the room and blocks it out when there is too much of it whilst providing intricate shadow. The panel is made of electroactive polymer components with light sensors that ignite the current and thus make the facade elements expand or shrink. The main conference rooms on the top floor are also located to the South - West in order to provide maximum and best quality sunlight. It also looks out directly onto the runway which underlines the character of the site.
SUMMER SUN
NET - ZERO WATER
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
Some materials shown in the Flux react to environmental impact, some to the people. The temperature reactive material is thus exhibited in the naturally lit space to enhance the effect it creates.
DAYLIGHTING ZONES
ENVIRONMENT - WATER
natural lighting zone artificial lighting zone
RAINWATER HARVESTING PHASE 1 minimum sunlight
to groundwater
GREEN WATER PHASE 2 medium sunlight
PHASE 3 maximum sunlight
Due to the climate in Manchester, rainwater harvesting system proves to be very successful in providing sustainable alternative to mechanical systems. Water is being collected in the large water tank and used to heat up the building and flush the toilets through Flowstow system.
evapotransportation
green roof
ground infiltration
Green water is being pomped up to the green roof where it’s being cleaned by horsetail to be eventually taken back to the ground and its natural ecosystem.
ENVIRONMENT - VENTILATION Flux is a building that incorporates mixed mode ventilation that can be divided into different zones. The lower part, structurally heavier exhibition space, is being mechanically ventilated using HVAC system to provide maximum control of the air to maintain the exhibition. However, the lighter steel frame office floor at the top of the building is fully naturally ventilated. As the air can penetrate the building 6m deep, the large rooflight above the internal atrium allows to fully naturally ventilate the space. It is also permitted by the programme as office space requires different environmental conditions than a gallery.
VENTILATION ZONES
ZONE 1
NATURAL VENTILATION
ZONE 2
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
HEAT STRATIFICATION AND VENTILATION
WINTER SUN RADIANT HEATING - DAY
RADIANT HEATING - NIGHT
USE
ENVIRONMENT - ACOUSTICS NOTES TAKEN DURING A MEETING WITH AN ENGINEER
Following the consultations with engineers from Arup, the Flux embeds 3m tall sound barriers as well as acoustic ceilings between each floor. This allows to block the sound of 10 - 15dB which is the most we can achieve in such a loud site.
The Flux proposes also an alternative, improved usage of sound diffuser panels on the outside of the building. The panels, made of electro active polymer, create a bump whenever a soundscape of the site changes maintaining the most optimal acoustic environment within the proposal.
ACOUSTIC CEILING
Flux is a building situated in the heart of Manchester Airport which is a circulatory space. For that reason circulation is one of the most important design factors that had to be considered.
CIRCULATION VISITORS EXPERIENCE
THE FACADE REFLECTS THE PATH OF THE PLANE
TRAVELLERS EXPERIENCE
The model demonstrates the behaviour of those panels using arduino and appropriate frames it shows how each panel changes whenever the plane passes by or any other major acoustic variation occurs.
PHYSICAL MODEL DEMONSTRATING THE MECHANISM BEHIND MOVABLE FACADE PANELS
SERVICES
Services strategy proposed for the building has been carefully designed with consultations with the engineers. 5.5m tall plant room has been situated as partly underground, occupating the space underneath 2 exhibition rooms and the ramp. The building is mostly heated by underfloor heating which is a result of radiant heating system. Drainage has been implemented around all edges of the building directing the rainwater into the water tank for further use. The space is vastly lit however in open spaces it uses maximum possible daylight by implementing rooflights and curtain walls. The building has been designed to address the needs of all types of user. Considering the needs of the site and its circulatory character I have proposed different routes simplifying the journey for all, gallery visitors, travellers, bussinessman and staff.
BUSSINESSMAN EXPERIENCE
Following this concept I specified different types of rooms to make the journey through the building the most comfortable. The building also has been equipped with the locker system which allows the visitors to leave their luggage on one level and pick it up on the other and at the same time allowing them to walk around the gallery without unnecessary burden.
ROOM TYPOLOGY
STAFF EXPERIENCE
The occupation of the building is directly linked with the yearly and monthly passenger flow achieving its peak in the summer (June - August) and around major holidays such as Easter and Christmas. YEARLY BUILDING OCCUPATION VARIABLE
FACADE ANALYSIS
PARAMETRIC DESIGN OF THE SOUND RESPONSIVE FACADE PANEL THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE FACADE AS A REACTION TO THE SOUNDSCAPE OF AN AIRPORT
THE SENSORS BUILT INTO THE FACADE REACT TO THE SOUND PRODUCED BY A PLANE EITHER LANDING OR DEPARTING AND EXTRUDE PANELS ALONG THE PATH OF THE PLANE
THE FACADE REFLECTS THE PATH OF THE PLANE THE PANELS TRANSFORM FROM DIFFUSER TO ABSORBER VISUALLY REACTING TO THE SOUNDSCAPE OF THE SITE
GRASSHOPPER SCRIPT OF THE FACADE
THE SHAPE OF THE FACADE IS DETERMINED BY THE DISTANCE BETWEEN IT AND THE PLANE AS IT REACTS TO THE VOLUME OF THE SOUND GENERATED BY THE PLANE, WHICH IS DIRECTLY LINKED WITH ITS POSITION IN THE AIRSPACE.
PROPOSED SITE PLAN
ROOF PLAN
EXHIBITION BOARD
AXONOMETRIC
SOUTH ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
SECTION EAST WEST
1 - PLANT ROOM 2 - EXHIBITION ROOM 2 3 - EXHIBITION ROOM 3 4 - EXHIBITION ROOM 4 5 - FAST TRACK 6 - CONFERENCE ROOM 1 7 - ROOFTOP CAFE KITCHEN AND BAR 8 - EXHIBITION ROOM 6 9 - EXHIBITION ROOM 5 10 - STORAGE ROOM 11 - ENTRANCE TO BUS STATION 12 - FIRE STAIRS AND LIFTS 13 - TRAIN STATION
1:50 @ 2A0 0 1
5
10m
SECTION EAST
1 - MENS TOILETS 2 - LADIES TOILETS 3 - STAFF KITCHEN 1 4 - FIRE STAIRS 5 - LIFTS 6 - ENTRANCE FROM TRAIN STATION 7 - RECEPTION (BEHIND) 8 - LIFTS 9 - GALLERY STORE AND CIRCULATION LOBBY 10 - EXHIBITION ROOM 5 11 - EXHIBITION ROOM 4 12 - STAFF KITCHEN 2 13 - ROOFTOP CAFE 14 - ROOFTOP CAFE KITCHEN AND BAR
1:100 @ A0 0
5
10m
PHYSICAL MODEL WITH 3D PRINTED AND INTERACTIVE ELEMENTS
ENTRANCE PERSPECTIVE
EXTERNAL PERSPECTIVE