Approximately 70% of the world’s food is produced by family farmers, who are particularly vulnerable to climate change. By 2050, it’s estimated that food production will need to increase by around 70% (FAO). Without great effort to adapt to climate change, the impact on food security will be unprecedented. However, in many different ecosystems, peasants have been able to adapt, basing their actions on ancestral knowledge. This special issue of Agridape presents approaches and strategies used by different actors to address the issues and challenges posed by climate change. It is published with support from the ‘Promoting Resilience in Semi-Arid zone Economies’ (PRESA) project and documents some of the results from the project’s first year.