Young at Heart
SUPPLEMENT TO THE ALPENA NEWS • WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2024
Cardiovascular fitness and Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia is a general term for various brain disorders that can affect behavior, thinking and memory. Among the condition that qualify as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common.
According to the Texas Department of State Health Services, AD is an irreversible condition that destroys memory, thinking and the ability to carry out daily activities. Although initial AD symptoms may be mild, the disease worsens over time and eventually people with AD will need full-time care. Many people are interested in any ways they can
reduce the severity of AD or stave off its progression. Cardiovascular fitness could be an important tool in that fight.
Cardiovascular activity may help lessen the impact of dementia and AD in particular. According to a 2018 study published in the journal Neurology, a population-based sample of 1,462 Swedish women between the ages of 38 and 60 was examined in 1968, and then followed up with in various intervals until 2009. Researchers found that women who partook in high fitness regimens saw their age of dementia
onset delayed by 9.5 years . Time to dementia onset was delayed by five years compared to medium fitness participants.
Another study from 2020 published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience looked at exercise for those who already have AD as a method of slowing the decline in activities of daily living (ADL). The study found that ADL decline was slower among individuals who engaged in an hour of aerobic exercise training twice a week compared to those in the nonactive group. However, there was no effect on behavioral symptoms, depression or nutritional scores.
Aerobic exercise programs aimed at improving cardiovascular fitness seem to have moderate effects on cognitive function among healthy older persons. But data from current randomized control trials are insufficient to show that these improvements are due exclusively to improved cardiovascular fitness. Still, incorporating cardiovascular exercise in all stages of life is important. Here are a few notable ways exercise could affect AD outcomes.
• Improved blood flow: Regular cardiovascular exercise facilitates
blood circulation to the brain. Better blood flow delivers adequate oxygen and nutrients to the brain, which is important for maintaining cognitive function.
• Risk factor reduction: Cardio helps manage several risk factors associated with AD, such as diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. By lowering these risk factors, individuals may reduce their liklihood of developing forms of dementia.
• Reduced inflammation and oxidative stress: Physical activity can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, each of which are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The American Brain Foundation says high levels of inflammation of the brain may accelerate brain aging and contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like AD, Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia.
• Improved sleep: Regular exercise can help promote more regular sleep patterns, which improves mood and cognitive health.
Although cardiovascular exercise cannot prevent dementia, it may help delay its onset.
What to know about exercise and dementia risk
Three seconds go by in a flash, but that’s enough time for another person to join the masses already diagnosed with dementia. According to Alzheimer’s Disease International, every three seconds someone in the world develops dementia, a condition that more than 55 million people were living with in 2020.
The World Health Organization notes that various diseases and injuries that affect the brain can contribute to dementia. As menacing a threat as dementia presents, individuals are not helpless against it. In fact, exercise, which can help lower risk for heart disease, stroke and various other conditions, can be a valuable ally against dementia as well.
What is the link between exercise and dementia?
Dementia remains something of a mystery, but the Alzheimer’s Society notes that evidence is now strong enough to support the assertion that lack of physical exercise increases a person’s risk of developing dementia. The Alzheimer’s Society also notes that researchers have discovered improvements in thinking and memory and reduced rates of dementia among middleaged and older adults who exercised compared to those that did not.
Is cardio the most effective exercise at lowering dementia risk?
Speaking with CNBC, Silky Singh Pahlajani, a clinical professor of behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry at Weill Cornell Medicine, noted that cardiovascular exercise, often referred to as cardio, can provide the biggest benefit for brain health of any form of exercise. Cardiovascular exercise can increase heart rate, which helps deliver oxygen cells to the brain. The National Institutes of Health notes that oxygen shortages prevent the brain from working as well as it should, and a 2023 study published in the journal Redox Biology found that oxygen abnormality plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
How should aging adults approach exercise if they have been largely sedentary?
Middle-aged and older adults who have not been physically active throughout their adult life but
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want to begin incorporating exercise into their daily routines are urged to speak with their physicians prior to beginning a fitness regimen. Preexisting conditions may make it difficult, if not impossible, to engage in certain forms of exercise. A personal physician can consider a patient’s unique medical history and then recommend certain exercises that won’t put him or her in jeopardy of suffering an injury or illness. A gradual approach to exercising is typically best for individuals who have lived a sedentary lifestyle. Starting off slowly with a short walk or light physical
activity like gardening can help the body acclimate to physical activity at a safe pace. As adults bodies’ become more accustomed to exercise, men and women can then gradually increase the intensity of their workouts, switching from walking to jogging on a treadmill when possible.
There is no cure for dementia, but adults are not helpless against the various forms of the condition. Researchers have discovered that preventive measures like routine exercise can be an effective way to reduce dementia risk.
Why Men Should Talk About Their Health
(StatePoint) American men may be neglecting their health and wellness, particularly when it comes to their urological health. But an open line of communication between men and their healthcare providers, and among family members, can lead to better care.
A Cleveland Clinic survey found that only 3 out of 5 men get annual physicals and 55% do not get regular health screenings. What’s more, many men shy away from the subject of their health, with 77% reporting that they don’t know their complete family history when it comes to urological issues.
“There is a clear need to fill care gaps and destigmatize men’s health issues,” says Shaun Noorian, CEO and founder of Empower Pharmacy, a compounding pharmacy that supports patients with men’s health concerns such as testosterone, sexual wellness, prostate health and gynecomastia.
Fortunately, innovations in the health care industry that are expanding access to tailored care are helping fill these gaps and helping health care providers support their patients’ needs more effectively.
Noorian’s own story shows how a compounding pharmacy helped him optimize his health. His doctor recommended compounded medications after a health and wellness check of his hormones. The compounded medications provided the exact dosage and strength prescription he needed, which can’t always be found through traditional medicines. But compounding goes beyond hormones. Noorian discovered it could also address various men’s health concerns like testosterone, sexual wellness, urology and dermatology.
Noorian says that men can use these tips for a happy, healthier life:
• Don’t wait until you have a serious medical condition to see your doctor. Schedule annual physicals and all recommended health care screenings.
• Destigmatize men’s health issues by talking to male family members about prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths for men in the United States and a man is two to three times more likely to get prostate cancer if his father, brother or son had it. You should also talk to your primary care doctor or urologist about having a blood test and examination, particularly if you have a family history of the disease.
• Erectile dysfunction affects nearly 30 million men of all ages across the United States, according to the Indiana University School of Medicine, which notes that it could be the sign of another underlying health issue. Your urologist can help rule out causes, like heart disease and high blood pressure.
• When dealing with men’s health issues, talk to your healthcare pro-
vider about all available treatment options, including the potential benefits of using a compounding pharmacy. Compounded medicine enables healthcare providers to prescribe treatments that are specifically tailored to individual biomarkers (biological molecules found in body fluids or tissues that are a sign of a condition or disease) by dosage and formulation. By analyzing biomarker data, compounded medications can be formulated with precise dosages and combinations of more than one active pharmaceutical ingredient, optimizing therapeutic outcomes for a wide range of health conditions.
To learn more about how compounding pharmacies can support men’s health, visit empowerpharmacy.com.
“For the best care possible, men should be proactive about their health, and providers should explore with their patients all available treatment options, including personalized solutions,” says Noorian.
Compassion is an integral component of palliative care
Various medical and therapeutic treatments are designed to promote health and well-being. Many of these therapies attempt to remove illness or address sickness. But at some point in their lives, people may receive a different form of care known as palliative care.
Palliative care, according to Get Palliative Care, is based on the needs of the patient and not the patient’s prognosis. Unlike curative treatments that aim to eliminate illness, palliative care is centered on improving quality of life for patients and their families by addressing physical, emotional and psychologi cal needs. Palliative care focuses on comfort, care and quality of life for those with serious illness. It is de signed to improve life for people of any age who need it, not just older adults. The National Institute on Aging says palliative care is interdis ciplinary, which means it involves a variety of doctors and care provid ers who work together with patients and families to address individual goals and values.
condition can be cured or not. It is performed alongside other treatments a person may be receiving, says the Mayo Clinic.
Patients with serious illnesses often experience pain, nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Palliative care specialists utilize strategies and medications to alleviate these symptoms, ensuring that patients remain as comfortable as possible. Some of the conditions for which palliative care can be effective include:
• Cancer
• Heart disease
• Blood and bone marrow disorders
The modern drug store where you are greeted with a friendly
“Hello” and “How can we help you?”
Palliative care prioritizes com fort and support, aiming to allevi ate pain, manage symptoms and offer holistic care that encompasses the whole person. Some of the hallmarks of palliative care are relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. It also may help a person cope with side effects of medical treatments. Palliative care may be recommended whether a
about palliative care for themselves or a loved one can search the Palliative Care Provider Directory to find options nearby. A conversation with one’s doctor also can point patients in the direction of palliative care.
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Thoughtful gifts for aging parents
Children typically want to treat their parents to something special during the holiday season. Parents do a lot for their children, and when those kids become adults, a desire to express their appreciation for Mom and Dad grows.
According to The Wrap Up: Snappy’s 2022 Holiday Gift Report, the majority of Americans (64.2 percent) report they need help when it comes to holiday gifting. They may want to carefully consider a recipient’s interests, as the report also discovered more than half of all Americans want a gift
that reflects their personal interests and hobbies. When shopping for elderly parents, it may not be as simple as identifying interests, particularly if Mom and Dad are experiencing agerelated health issues. Consider these gift ideas that may be ideal for the aging adults in your life.
• Cozy blanket: Older adults may have trouble regulating their body temperatures, which can translate to feeling cold a lot of the time. A new blanket or throw for a bed or to cuddle up with in a favorite recliner might be the perfect gift.
• Family history book: Budding writers can interview their aging parents and jot down family stories. Those stories and anecdotes can be compiled into a book and combined with photos to make a family history log, which can be gifted back to the interviewee.
• Gripping slippers: Slips and falls can injure aging adults and put them out of commission for quite some time. Sturdy and secure slippers with antislip soles are good for getting around the house and making quick trips to take out the trash or get the mail.
• Robotic vacuum: Keeping up with
the household chores is easier with a robotic vacuum that automatically scours carpets and hard-surface floors. This eliminates having to wrestle with a cumbersome vacuum.
• Key finder: A key finder can help adults find their keys if they are misplaced. Some employ radio frequency, while others utilize Bluetooth technology and can be paired to a smartphone.
• Magnifying light: Older parents who like to do puzzles or close-up work like knitting or stitching can benefit from an LED lamp that also has a magnifying glass built right in.
• E-reader: Avid readers may enjoy an e-reader because they don’t have to find spots to store even more books in their homes. E-readers can be customized so the print is the right size for the reader’s needs. Also, the devices are lightweight and easy to stow in a bag.
• Automatic card shuffler: Parents who are known card sharks around the community can use an automatic card shuffler to make card play even easier.
• Resistance bands: Resistance bands are like large rubber bands that exert force to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility. They can help aging adults stay in shape in a low-impact way.
• Dining gift cards: When parents do not want to spend additional time in the kitchen, they may opt to visit a favorite restaurant. A combination of a gift card to a favorite establishment as well as pre-paid taxi or ride share service ensures a good meal and a safe ride home.
Although they seem to have everything, aging parents still can benefit from some thoughtful gifts.
Variables that could elevate your risk for stroke
The World Stroke Organization notes that more than 12.2 million individuals experience stroke each year across the globe. Perhaps even more telling, the WSO reports that, globally, one in four people over age 25 will have a stroke in their lifetime.
Stroke is indeed a threat to public health. However, despite the prevalence of stroke, individuals are not helpless against it. Various risk factors for stroke are within individuals’ control, and it’s never too early for adults to prioritize stroke prevention. With that in mind, the following are some of the most common risk factors for stroke, courtesy of the WSO.
• Elevated systolic blood pressure: The American Heart Association notes that an elevated systolic blood pressure means
the upper number on a blood pressure reading is between 120 and 129. Systolic blood pressure measures the pressure your blood is pushing against the artery walls each time the heart beats. Individuals diagnosed with elevated systolic blood pressure are urged to discuss the ways to lower that number, as the American Stroke Association notes high blood pressure is the most significant controllable risk factor for stroke.
• High body mass index: A 2022 study published in the journal PLOS One found that body mass index was associated with stroke risk among diabetes patients. The study found that the risk of ischemic stroke, which occurs when a blood clot or fatty plaque blocks a blood vessel in the brain, was higher among obese patients
compared to patients who are overweight or normal-weight.
• Smoking: The WSO reports that someone who smokes 20 cigarettes a day is six times more likely to have a stroke compared to a non-smoker. One of the links between smoking and stroke risk surrounds carbon monoxide and nicotine. Smoke from cigarettes contains both carbon monoxide, which reduces the amount of oxygen in a smoker’s blood, and nicotine, which makes a smoker’s heart beat faster. Those variables combine to raise blood pressure, which has already been noted as a significant risk factor for stroke.
• Alcohol consumption: A 2022 study published in the journal Neurology examined the link between alcohol consumption and stroke. The study found that high
levels of alcohol consumption are associated with a higher risk for all types of stroke, and even moderate intake, defined as between seven to 14 drinks per week for women and seven to 21 drinks per week for men, was associated with higher risk for all types of stroke.
These are not the only common risk factors for stroke. In fact, the WSO reports high fasting glucose, air pollution, low physical activity, poor diet, high LDL (i.e., “bad”) cholesterol, and kidney dysfunction are some additional common risk factors for stroke.
Though stroke affects more than 12 million individuals across the globe each year, many of its more common risk factors are manageable. More information about stroke is available at stroke.org.
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