Contents
Introduction
–3
Design Concept
–4
Design Objectives & Strategies
–5
Location Plan
–6
Responsive Urban Design
–8
Urban Living Analysis
– 10
Local Living Analysis
– 11
Core Existance Results
– 13
Site Planning
– 15
Cluster Design Planning
– 16
Common Facilities Programs
– 19
Examples Families’ Daily Pattern
– 20
Time-Based Space
– 21
Site Plan
– 23
Floor Plans & Sections
– 24
Typical Sections
– 34
Units Plan
– 36
Time-Programs
– 43
Integrated Environmental Simulation
– 45
Progress Mock-up
– 47
Construction Exploded
– 49
References
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Introduction
Co-housing has never been attempted seriously in Malaysia. However, it has been experimented in America and European countries widely many decades ago. Cohousing communities generally consist of private, small, but fully equipped homes, a community building (or common house) and recreation areas. Everything is designed and managed by the residents who have chosen to live in a close-knit neighborhood that seeks a healthy blend of privacy and community. The demands of designing the housing settlement require a study in a more comprehensive and methodological way, especially when one has to deal with the physiological and psychological aspect of human being. Housing also requires an understanding of the collective needs of human being as social animals. Therefore the understanding of the socio-cultural aspect of society will be the focus of the studio. The physical design of housing settlement and its layout is very much a response to those needs. Housing is a subject and also a problem. Students will be exposed to the social, cultural, economic etc; dimension of the housing solutions. This however must be strictly regulated; otherwise the complexity and dimensions of the housing problems will carry the students away. The aims of the studio are basically for the student to search for a good medium density and medium-rise solution to urban housing problem. The studioteam will explore innovative design strategies for sustainable collaborative affordable housing in Kuala Lumpur’s urban area. Some sustainable design elements practiced in other cities mentioned above might be incorporated into the design such as prefabricated walls, use of recycled materials, water conservation and solar passive energy design to meet the demands for environmental performance targets for houses. To design a medium density, low rise housing settlements that emphasise on social interaction, the formation of social cohesion and the creation of a sense of place and a sense of belonging. To be a place where the tenant knows most of their neighbours, where neighbours help each other in time of need and where children can grow up and play in safe and conducive environment. Where the atmosphere is alive with the laughter of the children and yet the privacy of the individual family is respected. The physical facilities are well provided for the tenants and the social environments are safe and friendly to the community / users. This exercise seeks for medium density development, which is innovative, responsive to the site’s visual, environmental and cultural characteristics and in accordance with the desired future character of neighbourhood. 3
Design Concept
‘...to return to the village...’
Articulation of multi-generation users and social spaces. If you’re ever broke, without a place to live and thus forced to move your family back in your old bedroom at your parents’ house -- you could look at that scenario as something bad. Or you could focus on the fact that there’s something kind of comforting about the 21st century looking more and more like the 19th. That was a time, after all, when multiple generations living under one roof was nothing surprising, and there were benefits of having children growing up under the wing of parents, grandparents and even a rogue uncle or aunt. Fortunately, as times change, and the new looks like the days of old, houses appear set to evolve right along with them. If you’re wondering if that add-on bedroom will really someday help sell your home any faster, and if you’re questioning if there really is a house that you can buy with enough space to accommodate your spouse’s parents, the answer is increasingly -- yes. 4
Design Objectives Multi-generation –consist of two or more generation under one roof .Parents move in look after their child, young adult children return after collage, aging parents move in to be looked after, grandchildren come to visit for extended period. One big family in relative to be look after each other as spiritual hub radiance, protective feels making a home.(spiritual) Pattern of living- incorporating the lifestyle in the design, increase user satisfaction and may have a positive effects on the affordable housing scheme.(social)
Affordability –apply the construction-system by the use of grid system to predetermine the future needs of the growing community.(economic)
Sustainable- energy efficient, durable and capable of lasting through the generation.(future)
Design Strategies Vertical Village Provide quality indoor and outdoor spaces, which they can feel that they live on land, not by floating on sky.
Space segregation through transition Ability to segregate the spaces based on the specific categories (private, semi-private & public space), to give connectivity outcome within community.
Affordability Homes where the urban poor afford to buy it. The infrastructure and building cost achieve the affordability standard through modular design and using similarity of local material. Other than that, fabrication to be applied in the construction method.
Quality ‘Contents’ The design should put high compulsory of quality spaces, to achieve in both way contact, between users, neighbours and environment. Aesthetic achievement are important but not in a way of form making. 5
The site open to the highway to city and district. In the context of the urban fabric of a cluster, this project has the potential to become a new landmark for the area. Without a doubt, the circumstances surrounding the area is still developing and will be developed over a period of 5 years. The characteristics of the area more open to education, housing and industrial plants. The area is located 2km away by public transport. The area is limited to housing development in the present, and most likely has a high potential to be one of the best residential zones after several zones will be amended to housing and mixed-use development. Razak mansion able to have the best urban design as the area remains robust and has excellent permeability compared to other areas.
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LOCATION PLAN not to scale LEGEND 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 6
Proposed Site Sungai Besi Highway Former Tin Mine Kuala Lumpur - Putrajaya Highway Sungai Kerayong Kuala Lumpur Seremban Highway TUDM Kuala Lumpur
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Responsive Urban Design Plans to have the best context for neighborhood design is a key process in the form of a community resident. With emphasis on the existing building, a mosque used as a midpoint between the two density. By making it as the key point, it may have the potential to affect certain groups to make it better. In fact, the road between the two density be upgraded and used as the main road razak mansion, thereby making the area a ‘place of making’. The route has the potential to restore the situation in 1970, which makes the razak mansion as the economic hub for the daily market. It is also capable of sprouting as modern businesses such as car-boot sales, selling used clothes, etc.
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[1] Proposed Site 1- Proposed site next to Sungai Besi Highway, and three faces of site facing neighbouring building such as 5 storeys residential and school.
[2] Urban Circulation Design 1- Proposed market lane, to create main spine in Razak Mansion 2- Proposed new road (ingress / egress) to control traffic condition and accessibility
[3] Public Plaza 1- Making places: focal place in new Razak Mansion 2- Public flow: well treated road and shaded
[4] Primary and Secondary Entrance 1- Primary Entrance: Setting in public plaza 2- Secondary Entrance: Context with neighbouring site
[5] Perimeter Planting & Circulation 1- Determine perimeter planting and road as required by authority and for services as well
[6] Site Levelling 1- Land levelling: Higher level to be set from road and go lower to main plaza, to have good site responsive and welcoming
View of Main Lane: Enhancing the previous design, to create main lane in Razak Mansion. With providing space for hawkers, the main lane create the vibrant environment which impact the surrounding people as well.
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Urban Living Analysis In the context of urban development, high-rise buildings were taken and analyzed to identify the advantages and disadvantages of it. High building is typical residential development in big cities like Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. This analysis is summarized in six important aspects to be adopted in co-housing development in the Razak Mansion.
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[1] Space & Place 1- Large Land Space: Plinth area cover only 50% normally 2- Private Ownership: Non-shared boundary 3- Vertical Density: High capacity of resident at the sky
[2] Physical Studies 1- Uniform development: well physical design 2- highrise settlement
[3] Legal Aspect 1- Gated community: development not permeability 2 - Planed and regulated
[4] Management 1- Ruling by central power 2- Top-down power distribution
[5] Socio-culture 1- Multi-ethnic resident: Mix culture and society living 2- Inadaptable living community and individual based
[6] Characteristic 1- Global characteristic: Normal urban housing 2- Setting in metropolitan environment
Local Living Analysis Local development have their own advantages and value. Where the successful development of a sustainable development. But the capacity of the population is increasing, this development is not practiced anymore. The need to have a home and to accommodate the increasing capacity for development is not landed as local development. This analysis is made to study the pros and cons. In total, the community in local development better than urban development. Context between home and home is important in local development, in order to qualify for a community to interact with each other.
[1] Space & Place 1- Tiny Land Space: shared garden 2- Horizontal Density: High capacity of resident on land 3- Private ownership: Detached landed system
[2] Physical Studies 1- Lowrise settlement 2- Diverse public space decorated freely by the community
[3] Legal Aspect 1- Unrecognize boundary: no designated fence 2- Unfence ‘township’: good permeability 3- Unplanned building
[4] Management 1- Democratic community security 2- Society leader choose by resident
[5] Socio-culture 1- Community based residential 2- Adaptable living 3- Tribal or Singular ethnic
[6] Characteristic 1- Local Characteristic: heritage / old house 2- Mutual Self-help / community surveillance
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Local + Urban
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Core Existance Results Core existence: the balance between urban development and local identified. Tangible results seem to show that living cluster can achieve a good neighborhood and the community can use the site wisely. Vertical and horizontal density plays an important role in achieving the objectives of the design. The existence of organized communities, residents can identify with their neighbors better and to strengthen the relationship. At the same time, surviliance community in general could be introduced. Without the need for security personnel, residents are more comfortable with a more secure and socially oriented private care. This can obviously be used to achieve the community’s first mind and life of the population that prefers cooperation and partnership.
[1] Space & Place 1- Large Land Space: Plinth area cover only 50% normally 2- Private Ownership: Non-shared boundary 3- Vertical Density: High capacity of resident at the sky
[2] Physical Studies 1- Uniform development: well physical design 2- highrise settlement
[3] Legal Aspect 1- Gated community: development not permeability 2 - Planed and regulated
[4] Management 1- Ruling by central power 2- Top-down power distribution
[5] Socio-culture 1- Multi-ethnic resident: Mix culture and society living 2- Inadaptable living community and individual based
[6] Characteristic 1- Global characteristic: Normal urban housing 2- Setting in metropolitan environment
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View of Alley: The alley become the saperator for all villages, which also indicate as boundary for each villages. The alley purposely design to be intimate space where people / users able to have connection with orther villagers. With providing few benches, it able to be use by people who like to jog.
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Site Planning Site plan processed by using core existence results. With emphasis on the context of schools, highways and building neighborhood has made this track is divided into 11 sections, basically. division achieved on site are a variety of sizes, making the small village has its own unique characteristics. Courtyard preferred as the main common facilities for each village. This division designed for regular and cluster. Each village will be established with public plaza that links between outside and inside the site and neighborhood communities.
[1] Space & Place 1- Large Land Space: Plinth area cover only 50% normally 2- Private Ownership: Non-shared boundary 3- Vertical Density: High capacity of resident at the sky
[2] Physical Studies 1- Uniform development: well physical design 2- highrise settlement
[3] Legal Aspect 1- Gated community: development not permeability 2 - Planed and regulated
[4] Management 1- Ruling by central power 2- Top-down power distribution
[5] Socio-culture 1- Multi-ethnic resident: Mix culture and society living 2- Inadaptable living community and individual based
[6] Characteristic 1- Global characteristic: Normal urban housing 2- Setting in metropolitan environment
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Cluster Design Planning Cluster Design Planning: Dijana through site planning, where the site is divided into 11 sections. Taken from a division, this cluster to be processed more massive vertical village and community. From another aspect, each unit is capable of interacting in the pockets of the community. The village can accommodate no more than 50 people including children. That amount is dedicated to a community to achieve a better understanding of each other.
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1. define cluster boundary as per site planning
2. set in the central common space in every cluster
3. urban typical build form applied in the village
4. growth build form and effect the hieght of the building
5. personalization build form: separated based on the unit
6. rotated unit in every level to create the common pocket
7. rhythm skyline: to achieve the vertical context within the unit in different view
8. define pocket to linked all the area, to achieve the cooperative society
View of Courtyard: Respond with environment and surrounding unit, the courtyard become the common space for the residents. In the courtyard, kitchen, raised platform and clothes hanger are provided in each villages. 17
View of Intermediate Common Space: The sky common space / pocket facilities are provided for each floor before the resident access to the unit. The common space is mean for anything, where the space will involve society and community context in social interaction. 18
Common Facilities Programs A common area is, in real estate or real property law, the “area which is available for use by more than one person...”. The common areas are those “within a building that are available for common use by all tenants, (or) groups of tenants and their invitees.”. In Texas and other parts of the United States, it is “An area inside a housing development that is owned by all residents or by an overall management structure which charges each tenant for maintenance and upkeep.”. Common areas often exist in apartments, gated communities, condominiums, cooperatives and shopping malls. In any situation where there is a tenancy in common, all the tenants in common collectively own the common areas, meaning that any one individual owner does not possess more control over the land than any other owner. This differs from a commons or common land, as used in English law, which is owned by one person, but which may be used by a group of persons.
1. ground: community gathering
2. ground: farming
3. ground: children play-area
4. ground: fish care-taker
5. ground: outdoor kitchen
6. ground: hanging clothes
7. intermediate: hydroponic
8. intermediate: breakfast / tea time
9. intermediate: reading
10. intermediate: chit chat / gossip
11. top: barbeque
12. top: novelist area
13. top: community party
14. top: observation area / view 19
Examples Families’ Daily Pattern Diagram below shows the families’ daily pattern. Divided into 4 types of families, this pattern is based on an analysis of population in malaysia. In fact, it is also divided into criteria whether a person is working or not and go to school or not. This graph is generated based on research conducted for several families around the klang valley. Daily needs of this pattern to identify the space used by the person and their frequency. From here, we can get the conclusion that space should be used for total and not private. It may be used to achieve a more optimal size and lowering the cost of purchasing a home.
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Time-Based Space = Affordability Unit Time is one of the key elements in family’s everyday life. SImply, they all go out in the morning, return in the evening, and flexibly stay at home during weekends. Examaples of different families’ hourly pattern shows various individual and family activities throughout a day. This pettern will be more diversified by different types of families as well as age groups. For example, some parents’ working hours may be longer than others, some families prefer to stay at home in weekend while the others to go out and some professionals may need occasional study space. The typical existing apartment plans shows that the interior space is already configured by preconceived domestic programs, such as master bedroom, living room, kitchen, etc. In some way, the plan represents the traditional relationship between family members. The existing plan does no longer cope with some of the new life styles in contemporary age. Domestic space family should therefore interact with diverse family needs and changing time patterns.
- Normal unit housing for 2 bedrooms, consist of individual spaces (non-multi use)
- Combining the wet spaces in one row and resize (decrease size) based on the needs
- Exploding the spaces based on the daily pattern
- Stack the secondary public and wet spaces on top of the primary, to maximize the view and context
- Combining the public spaces with private, where both spaces are not clash based on time
- the internal spaces outcome are facing clearly inside & outside
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View of Commercial Warehouse: The warehouse become the gateway for the development. It create the framing between inside and outside, where it respond to the neighbouring site.
View of Commercial Warehouse: The warehouse become the gateway for the development. It create the framing between inside and outside, where it respond to the neighbouring site. 22
SITE PLAN not to scale
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SUB-BASEMENT PLAN 24
LEGEND 1. Main Entrance / Highstreet 2. Commercial Warehouse / Gateway 3. Central Court / Public Plaza 4. Kindergarten & Nursery 5. Multipurpose & Sport Hal 6. Management Office 7. Cluster Village 8. Car Lay-by & Handicap parking 9. Services 10. Zebra crossing (connected to existing school) 11. SJK (C) Tai Thong 12. Muslim Worship (Surau)
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN 325
LEGEND 1. Intermediate Common Fac. (refer Common Facilites Program) 2. Ground Common Fac. (refer COmmon Facilities Program) 3. Public Clothes Hanger 4. Cage Lift 5. Classroom & Office 6. Commercial Storage 2
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN 26
LEGEND 1. Commercial Warehouse 2. Education 3. Multipurpose Hall 4. Intermediate Common Fac. (refer Common Facilites Program) 5. Cage Lift 5
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SECOND FLOOR PLAN 27
LEGEND 1. Intermediate Common Fac. (refer Common Facilites Program) 2. Roof c/w Solar Panel 2
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THIRD FLOOR PLAN 28
LEGEND 1. Intermediate Common Fac. (refer Common Facilites Program) 2. Roof c/w Solar Panel 3. Cold Water STorage Tank + Harvesting Tank (unfiltered) 1
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FORTH FLOOR PLAN 29
LEGEND 1. Intermediate Common Fac. (refer Common Facilites Program) 2. Roof c/w Solar Panel 3. Cold Water STorage Tank + Harvesting Tank (unfiltered) 2
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FIFTH FLOOR PLAN 30
LEGEND 1. Intermediate Common Fac. (refer Common Facilites Program) 2. Ground Common Fac. (refer COmmon Facilities Program) 3. Public Clothes Hanger 4. Cage Lift 5. Classroom & Office 6. Commercial Storage
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SIXTH FLOOR PLAN 31
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SECTION A-A 32
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SECTION B-B 33
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TYPICAL SECTION 1
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TYPICAL SECTION 2
Units Plan
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN TYPE D - 350 sqft scale 1 : 75
GROUND FLOOR PLAN TYPE A3 - 780 sqft scale 1 : 75
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Units Plan
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TYPE A1 - 780 sqft
TYPE A2 - 780 sqft
scale 1 : 75
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scale 1 : 75
View of Courtyard: Respond with environment and surrounding unit, the courtyard become the common space for the residents. In the courtyard, kitchen, raised platform and clothes hanger are provided in each villages.
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Units Plan
GROUND FLOOR PLAN TYPE B2 - 750 sqft scale 1 : 75
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TYPE C2 - 680 sqft
TYPE B3 - 1075 sqft
scale 1 : 75
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scale 1 : 75
Units Plan
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN TYPE C3 - 680 sqft scale 1 : 75
GROUND FLOOR PLAN TYPE C1 - 900 sqft scale 1 : 75
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View of Central Plaza: The heart of the development become centralize for all the villages. It create place making for the residents. Sport hall, education and commercial are within the plaza.
View of Central Plaza: The two cage box become the public building in this development, where the function is for events, education and sport. The plaza are connected with the two buildings, come with the pavilion, where people can have chit chat and discussion among the community.
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Time-Programs: Unit A1
First Floor
Morning Session Programs: - place for breakfast - living area - parenting
Ground Floor
First Floor
Afternoon Session Programs: - lunch area - study area - chit chat
First Floor
Early Night Session Programs: - dinner - family area - audio & television 43
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
First Floor
Midnight Session Programs: - sleep - reading
Ground Floor
Time-Programs: Unit B3
First Floor
First Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Morning Session Programs: - place for breakfast - living area - parenting
Early Night Session Programs: - dinner - family area - audio & television
Afternoon Session Programs: - lunch area - study area - chit chat
First Floor
First Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Midnight Session Programs: - sleep - reading
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Integrated Environmental Simulation Since the earliest times, humans have needed to be sensitive to their surroundings to survive, which means that we have an innate awareness of our environment and seek out environments with certain qualities. First of all, humans have a strong need for safety and security and look for those attributes in their environment. We also look for physical comfort, such as an environment with the right temperature. In addition, we seek an environment that is psychologically comfortable: for example, environments that are familiar, but offer the right amount of stimulus. Hospital Room Retailers and the hospitality industry know this very well and try to provide an atmosphere that creates a positive customer experience and offers three important attributes: comfort, safety, and entertainment. These attributes are equally important in healthcare as well.
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“Compared to the afternoon, people who had DL (Daylight) were significantly more alert at the beginning of the evening, and subjects who were exposed to AL (Artificial light) were significantly sleepier at the end of the evening.� Brendan Baker.
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Progress Mock-Up / Model
Option 1: Demostrate 2 typical block form
Option 3: Demostrate 4 typical block form
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Option 4: Demostrate the sprawling arrangement
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Part Of Drawing Village 1: Construction Exploded
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Roof Structure And Finishes
Building Material & Construction Building material is any material which is used for construction purposes. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacture of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.
Corridor & Railing
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Building Fitting
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Building Structure
Building Mansory
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References
Studio Background
Alexander, C. (1964). Notes on the Synthesis of Form.
Year:
Alexander, C. (1975). The Oregon Experiment. Alexander, C. (1979). A new theory of urban design. Alexander, C. (1979). The Timeless Way of Building. Alexander, C. (1985). The production of houses. Alexander, C. (2002). The Nature of Order. Christopher Alexander, M. S. (1977). A Pattern Language.
4th Year Course: Master of Architecture Designer: Ahmad Fuad Shafie Muhammad Hanis Asmi Phua Ging Yean Design Coordinator & Tutors: Madam Ati Rosemary Mohd Ariffin Dr Ar Yong Kuan Dr Zunaibi Abdullah Ar Wan Sofiah Wan Ishak Ar Jasmet Singh Mr Shamsul Akmal
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