School Action Pack October 2012 - December 2012

SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012

No to offshore processing!

Pen power No place like homelands Amnesty International Australia | www.amnesty.org.au

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012

Contents SECTION 01

01.1 01.2 01.3

What a year!

Meet your SNOTS! Amnesty after school

SECTION 02

CAMPAIGNS 02.1 Offshore processing? Not in our name!

02.2 Pen power!

02.3 No place like homelands

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CAMPAIGN ACTIONS: AT A GLANCE Campaign

Action

Target

Refugees

Ask for answers about Nauru; dispel the refugee myths

Your local MP; friends and family

Individuals at risk

Take part in the letter writing marathon

various

Homelands

Support equitable funding for homelands

Peter Garrett, National Minister for Youth

Cover: Activists outside the Shell offices with a petition containing more than 300,000 signatures from around the world, The Hague, Netherlands, 4 July 2012. The petition called on Shell to clean up the Niger Delta. Š Jorn van Eck/AI

Amnesty International is part of the global movement defending human rights and dignity. We work with people in Australia and our region to demand respect for human rights and protect people facing abuse. We campaign, conduct research and raise money for our work. Our active members, such as school action groups, play a vital role in achieving our aims through writing letters, sending online actions, organising creative awareness-raising activities and fundraising in their communities.

Amnesty International acknowledges the traditional owner of the land on which our offices are situated. We thank the elders past and present for their continued custodianship.

This always has been and always will be Aboriginal land.

UPDATES AND NEWS

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 01.1

What a year HELLO Welcome to the final school action pack for 2012! Can you believe it is nearly summer holidays already?

It has been a massive year and a huge thank you goes to everyone who managed to cram human rights campaigning into their busy lives – every action makes a difference.

Here’s a rundown on your human rights work this year:

Flowers for Syria. © St Stephen’s School, Tapping WA

REFUGEES You held events for World Refugee Week in June, organised welcome parties for refugees and sent selfportraits and messages to Immigration Minister Chris Bowen.

We also partnered again with SBS to produce a Go Back to Where You Came From educational resource.

If you are a teacher, please contact youth@amnesty.org.au for a copy.

If you are a student, let your teacher know about it.

CRISIS You took action to stop the bloodshed in Syria, added your thumbprint to vote for Egyptian women’s rights and helped us respond to crisis situations in the Middle East and North Africa.

Write for rights actions. © Sydney Distance Education

Bananas for an ATT. © Sunshine Coast Grammar

Cheltenham Girls’ Concord Project. © Cheltenham Girls School

ARMS TRADE TREATY You worked with our global movement to champion a strong Arms Trade Treaty. Events, assemblies and banana action cards from students contributed to over 500,000 signatures globally. The negotiations are still continuing – we are just inches away from an Arms Trade Treaty.

INDIVIDUALS AT RISK

Voting for Egyptian women’s rights, Harvest music festivals, Brisbane and Melbourne. © AI

On top of all that, you wrote letters for prisoners of conscience across the globe, including those in North Korean prison camps and for Abdelrazig Daoud Abdessed and Ibrahim Shareef Youssif, two child offenders in Sudan.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 01.1

YEAR IN PERSPECTIVE FROM YOU This year our action group at Scotch College Victoria has increased in both size and passion. Some of the issues we have explored are the rights of asylum seekers and refugees in Australia, the international arms trade, the pro-democracy movement in Burma and the Syrian uprising.

This year’s program has been a springboard to understanding our potential role in resolving human rights issues.

Got something to say? Send us a line at youth@amnesty.org.au

Scotch College students

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 01.2

Meet yo ur SNOTS! NOTs) O utreach Team (S rk o w et N ls o ho The Sc gro ups to help n io ct a l o ho sc work w ith yo u campaign.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA Meet Sarah Swann, the Amnesty International schools convener in South Australia and the Northern Territory.

Sarah studies Law and Arts at Adelaide University. Like you, she first got involved with Amnesty International by joining her school action group. She became a schools convener in 2012.

As a schools convener Sarah coordinates schools in her area and supports students and teachers to campaign for human rights.

“Amnesty International’s work in raising awareness about human rights abuses in our world is so important. With energy and enthusiasm, young people can be the leaders of today.

“My favorite part about running schools workshops is seeing students’ enthusiasm when we discuss how they can defend the rights of others. Each group of students comes up with a new idea.”

Her words of advice? “Make sure you learn from other activists – they will inspire you to continue your work.”

Would you like one of our amazing SNOTs to come to your school?

Email youth@amnesty.org.au.

Sarah

Swann

Sou t Au s h tral ia

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 01.3

Are you leaving school this year?

Never fear – you can still be a human rights defender.

Amnesty after school If you are going on to university or higher education, many uni campuses have an Amnesty International action group to join.

If your campus doesn’t, we can help you start your own!

Email youth@amnesty.org.au for details.

Not going on to uni? Visit or call your local action centre, or email youth@amnesty.org.au for a range of ways to campaign, volunteer, get creative, meet like-minded young people and have fun for human rights.

ACT

NEW SOUTH WALES

QUEENSLAND

Lower Ground Floor 33–35 Ainslie Place Canberra City ACT 2600

Level 1, 79 Myrtle Street Chippendale NSW 2008

Level 1, 354 Brunswick Street Fortitude Valley Qld 4006

(02) 8396 7670

(07) 3136 6400

(02) 6202 7500

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

TASMANIA

14 Grote Street Adelaide SA 5000

Level 1, 130 Macquarie Street Hobart TAS 7004

(08) 8110 8100

(03) 6221 1000

VICTORIA

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Suite 8, 134 Cambridge Street Collingwood VIC 3066

Suite 70, City West Centre, Plaistowe Mews West Perth 6005

(03) 9412 0700

(08) 9476 4800

CAMPAIGNS : INFORMATION AND ACTION

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 02.1

Offshore processing?

Not in our name!

“

On 15 August our politicians voted to remove the right to asylum in Australia for those who arrive by boat. From now on, they will be sent to offshore processing centres in places like Nauru, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea.

There is no way to dress

Prime Minister Julia Gillard and Opposition leader Tony Abbott claim this will “save lives”, but we know better. The former Howard Government’s ‘Pacific Solution’ was condemned and dismantled for a reason. It destroyed the mental health of some of the world’s most vulnerable people; leading to self-harm and suicide. It was estimated to cost taxpayers over $1 billion. It broke international law. And it even failed to “stop the boats”.

desperate refugees

Refugee campaign coordinator Alex Pagliaro analyses the refugee and asylum seeker legislation passed rapidly through parliament just weeks ago.

it up – warehousing on tiny, impoverished islands while their sanity deteriorates is unacceptable.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 02.1

THE GOOD

THE BAD

THE UGLY

Increasing our annual humanitarian program intake to 20,000 It is about time Australia does this!

What is even better is the suggestion that our refugee intake increases further to 27,000 by 2018. Now that is Australia pulling its weight.

Changing the Migration Act to allow offshore processing The government is removing the part in the Migration Act that states Australia shouldn’t remove an asylum seeker to a place where they will not be protected. Such a move allows parliament to send Australia’s asylum seekers to any country they decide is safe, which could be somewhere their human rights will not necessarily be protected.

Removing Australia from Australia’s Migration Zone This means the government will pass a law stating that anyone who arrives anywhere in Australian territory without a visa no longer has any ability to claim protection from Australia. It is a legal loophole allowing the government to sidestep the Refugee Convention.

Increasing resettlement among traditional and emerging countries This is a step closer to a genuine regional solution for refugees.

While increasing Australia’s resettlement numbers is helpful, there are more than 10 million refugees in the world – and 800,000 of them desperately need resettlement.

Having Australia use diplomatic channels to encourage other nations to pull their resettlement weight is crucial for a fairer outcome for refugees.

De-linking the onshore and offshore humanitarian programs Amnesty International has been asking for this for a number of years. Linking the numbers of refugees who are resettled from outside humanitarian programs (like people waiting in refugee camps in Africa and other countries) with the number of refugees who seek asylum in Australia directly (boat and plane arrivals) is unnecessary and causes confusion.

Nauru and Manus Island to be reopened as soon as possible We tried this already and it had awful consequences. It destroyed the mental health of hundreds of already vulnerable people. It cost millions – maybe even billions. It broke international law. It was basically a complete international embarrassment.

The Malaysia Deal Tried and failed too.

Malaysia already has over 100,000 refugees and asylum seekers of its own. It does not need or want ours.

The refugees in Malaysia have no legal rights; they are often beaten, exploited, raped and detained in horrific conditions.

Instead of sending Australia’s small handful of asylum seekers there, why don’t we help make life better for refugees in Malaysia so they do not get on boats in the first place?

‘No advantage principle’ This basically means that if you get on a boat to Australia, you will not be allowed access to any of the legal protections Australia is obligated to guarantee under international law.

Instead, you will be processed as though you were seeking asylum, say, in Bangladesh. Processing times will be on par with the rest of the region – which could mean decades!

Turning back the boats Turning back boats doesn’t just violate human rights, it puts everyone’s life at risk – asylum seekers, crew and Navy personnel.

Seeking asylum is the only hope for more than 99 per cent of the world’s refugees.

Introducing laws that disallow refugees to claim protection in Australia seriously violates the human right to asylum.

ACT NOW>> Write to your local MP and ask questions about Nauru and what will occur.

You can find the details of your local MP by going to http://apps.aec.gov.au/esearch/ Your MP is elected to represent you. By taking the time to write a letter to them, they will know that you care about this issue and will take your concerns to parliamentary discussions.

Introduce yourself as a student from your MP’s electorate. Remember to be polite.

Here are a few questions you could ask: •

What will happen to children sent to Nauru – especially those with no one to look after them?

•

How long will people languish on Nauru, given that we know long-term detention can cause severe psychological trauma?

•

Will independent organisations be able to visit and monitor what is happening on the islands?

Send us a copy of your letter and any response you receive so we can keep a record.

If you need help email youth@amnesty.org.au.

Got more time?

Talk to your family and friends about the refugee myths and facts.

RETHINK REFUGEES FACT

S.O.S.

An asylum seeker is someone seeking protection whose claim for refugee status has not yet been assessed.

Asylum seekers arrive in Australia by boat or plane and ask for protection. The government then processes their claims and if they are found to be refugees they are granted a visa.

it is not illegal

FACT It is not illegal to seek asylum in Australia, even if arriving by boat.

1958 Migration Act

The right to seek asylum is recognised under Australian and international law.

FACT In Australia there is 1.1 refugee for every 1000 people.

FACT A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war or violence.

Over 90 per cent of asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by boat are assessed to be refugees fleeing persecution.

FACT Asylum seekers arriving by boat make up less than 2 per cent of Australia’s annual immigration.

Every year, the number of asylum seekers who arrive by boat is tiny compared to our overall migration. At the rate of current boat arrivals it would take over a decade to fill the MCG.

FACT In 2011, only 15,441 people sought asylum in Australia.

South Africa 160,904 France 89,320 US 60,587 Australia 15,441

Over the years, Australia has helped to protect thousands of refugees from all over the world. However, this group of people still make up a very small portion of the Australian population.

FACT $611.90 $0

Australian Centrelink benefits for a refugee or non-refugee single mother = $611.90.

Australian Centrelink benefits for an asylum seeker = $0

Asylum seekers do not get Centrelink payments. Some, who are destitute, are given an allowance. If given refugee status they become Australian residents and receive the same as everyone else.

Australia receives a very small number of asylum seekers by international standards.

FACT The number of refugees who have arrived by boat, who have been terrorists = 0.

All asylum seekers arriving in Australia by boat must pass security checks before being granted protection. If a person is found to have committed a serious crime they are not given refugee status.

Find out more and take action at www.amnesty.org.au

DID YOU KNOW…?

MYTH

FACT

Asylum seekers who arrive by boat are illegal

It is legal to seek asylum in Australia, even if you arrive on a boat without a visa.

Seeking asylum is a legal right guaranteed under Australian and international law.

It is illegal for governments to punish asylum seekers for arriving by boat.

Anything is better than a dangerous boat journey

People who get on boats often know the risks but feel they have no choice because of the terrible danger they face where they are. If we really want to ‘stop the boats’, we would make refugees’ lives safer in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, instead of further punishing people who arrive on our shores fleeing terror and violence.

Asylum seekers who arrive by boat are queue jumpers

There is no queue for refugee resettlement. For people who need protection, seeking asylum in another country is their only choice. Resettlement through the UN (“the queue”) is only available for a very small group, and the resettlement program exists to work with the asylum system, not to replace it.

If all they want is protection, they could stay in Indonesia/Malaysia

Most asylum seekers do stay in countries like Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia, but these places do not protect asylum seekers or refugees and some are forced to flee further afield. Even then, most asylum seekers head for Europe and America, but a few thousand do make their way to Australia because we have promised to protect refugees.

Asylum seekers are just after a better job

Nearly all asylum seekers who arrive by boat are found to be refugees fleeing persecution, war and violence. The definition of a refugee is internationally agreed and a low economic status is not grounds for being recognised as a refugee.

Asylum seekers come here because the government has taken a soft approach

Australia’s treatment of asylum seekers remains very tough by international standards.

Nearly all the boat arrivals in recent years have been people from Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Burma – countries which are active war zones. Asylum seeker arrival numbers follow regional and global trends – no policy of ours is going to change the fact that people are fleeing for their lives.

If asylum seekers can afford to get here, they don’t need protection

On average, it costs $5,000–20,000 to seek asylum in Australia. Many asylum seekers are not wealthy, but borrow money from relatives and/or sell land and possessions to make the journey to safety.

Supporting asylum seekers means supporting people smuggling

People smugglers may be breaking the law, but asylum seekers are not. It is inhumane and against the law to punish asylum seekers escaping war and terror in order to send a message to people smugglers. To stop people smuggling, we need to stop the reasons that people flee their countries – violence, terror and persecution.

Asylum seekers should get help from the UN in their country

It is often very difficult, and even impossible, for asylum seekers to get help from the UN. Often they don’t even know the UN exists, or it is too dangerous to go to the city where the UN office is. Even if they are able to contact the UN and get UN refugee status, there is often very little the UN can do to help them find safety.

Asylum seekers destroy their identity documents to get refugee status

When escaping oppressive governments or sudden violence, it is often impossible to bring a passport, or these documents are lost or stolen during the long journey to safety. But governments can and should assess asylum claims and protect refugees, even without identity documents.

Find out more and take action at www.amnesty.org.au

CAMPAIGNS : INFORMATION AND ACTION

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 02.2

Pen power!

i A prisoner of conscience

Fifty-one years ago, lawyer Peter Benenson wrote an open letter in a London newspaper after he read about two students in Portugal imprisoned for drinking a toast to liberty.

is someone imprisoned

That single open letter sparked a worldwide movement – today, Amnesty International is a movement of more than 3 million people working together to achieve human rights.

or persecuted because

This term you can follow in Peter Benenson’s footsteps by participating in our global letter writing marathon.

political views or the

of their race, religion, non-violent expression

Read below about two cases you can write for. Email youth@amnesty.org.au if you would like more cases.

of their conscientiously held beliefs.

Safia Ishaag, 26, an art student and activist with Girifna. © Private.

Rudwan Dawod and Safia Ishaag, Girifna activists © AI

ACT NOW>> GET CREATIVE Send a short video message supporting the rights of youth activists in Sudan. Your video can be up to 90 seconds long, and should end with you saying the word “Girifna”. Please don’t mention politics in your video.

CASE ONE :: ‘WE’RE FED UP’ YOUTH MOVEMENT Girifna, which translates as “we’re fed up”, is a Sudanese youth group calling for non-violent protest against the government to keep them accountable for the rising cost of living and job cuts in Sudan.

Write to the Minister of the Interior Call for an end to the harassment, intimidation, arbitrary arrest, detention, torture and other ill-treatment of Girifna members.

Address to: Mr Ibrahim Mohamed Hamed Minister of the Interior

Girifna is composed mainly of university students and started in October 2009. Since then, authorities have targeted its members including arbitrarily arresting, detaining, torturing and sexually assaulting them. They have also had laptops and other items confiscated from their homes. Several members have been forced to flee Sudan.

Start your letter: Your Excellency

Most recently, Girifna was one of the organisations targeted by the Sudanese authorities following the peaceful demonstrations that began in June 2012. Despite this attempt to silence them, Girifna continue to distribute information and organise peaceful activities.

Important If you are getting creative please ask your parent or guardian to sign the media consent form on the next page and return it with your photo.

Email your video to youth@amnesty.org.au or mail your video and your letters to: Youth Coordinator, Daniel Scaysbrook Locked Bag 23 Broadway NSW 2007

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 02.2

ACT NOW>> The Universal Declaration of Human Rights GET CREATIVE Article 19 Everyone has the right to freedom of expression and opinion Article 20 Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association

Take a photo of yourself holding a sign saying ‘Clean up the Bodo oil spills’ and email it to youth@amnesty.org.au. We will use it to show the community that they have your support.

Article 25 Everyone has the right to a decent life including enough food, clothing, housing, medical care and social services.

Remember to fill out the attached consent form (from your parents so we know we are allowed to use your photo.)

CASE TWO :: THE BODO COMMUNITY For several hundred years, the people of Bodo in the Niger Delta, Africa, have made a living from fishing and farming. This serene way of life suddenly changed on 28 August 2008, when a breach in a Shell oil pipeline caused thousands of barrels of oil to spill into the local creek.

The land and water around Bodo was soon polluted with oil. The spill continued until 7 November.

In December 2008, a second spill began, lasting for 10 weeks.

Equipment failure caused both spills. The oil destroyed people’s livelihoods and devastated the environment. No proper clean-up has taken place; the land and water remain polluted and unproductive.

The damage done to fisheries and farming has resulted in food shortages and rising food prices in Bodo. Many people have been pushed deeper into poverty. Meanwhile the contaminated environment is putting their health at risk.

Residents of the Bodo community. © AI

Write to President Goodluck Jonathan Ask him to monitor the pollution in Bodo and its effects on the local community and ensure that a clean-up operation takes place. Ask him to ensure that the affected communities are fully compensated for their losses and that operating practices of oil companies in the Niger Delta are reviewed and overhauled to prevent pollution.

Address to: President Goodluck Jonathan President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Start your letter: Your Excellency GOT MORE TIME? To receive some different cases or a curriculum resource to support this work email youth@amnesty.org.au.

MEDIA CONSENT FORM When sending photographs and videos to Amnesty International, please copy this form and use it to gain permission from each person who appears in the photograph or video.

Please use a separate form for each person appearing and please send the form/s in with your photographs and videos.

Media consent form At events, we sometimes take photographs, videos and otherwise collect information from participants. We use this information to assist our promotional activities in Australia and internationally.

If you/your child have attended an event, your/their image may have been captured by one of our photographers. We may want to use those images in our campaign materials, both online and in hard copy. Before we can use your/your child’s image, or any other information we have collected, we are required to obtain your consent.

This consent form authorises us to use your/your child’s personal information (including images) for promotional purposes.

USE OF THE IMAGE AND PERSONAL INFORMATION Amnesty International Australia (AIA),, and from time to time other Amnesty International Sections, will use your/your child’s personal information for promotional activities (eg newsletters, magazines, websites, television advertisements, videos, general advertising, internal documents etc).

There may also be occasions when we release your/your child’s personal information to third parties, such as: •

media (eg newspapers, television networks);

•

contractors engaged by AIA (eg consultants, advisers, IT and internet service providers).

LICENCE You grant us a non-exclusive, revocable, non-transferable and royalty-free licence to use your/your child’s image, personal information or other material for the purposes of promotional activities.

You acknowledge that: •

•

WITHDRAWAL OF CONSENT Your consent for us to use your/your child’s image or personal information can be modified or revoked at anytime. However, any changes will only apply from the date we receive the consent withdrawal. Any existing material will not be withdrawn from use by us (if we are using the material), or if we have entered into contractual obligations in relation to that material. In such cases the withdrawal will be effective after our use of the material. In such cases the withdrawal will be effective after our use of the material is complete and after our contractual obligations have come to an end.

PRIVACY If you have queries about our treatment of your/your child’s personal information please review our privacy policy located at http://www.amnesty.org.au/about/comments/22335/ or forward an email to youth@amnesty.org.au AUTHORITY TO USE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION By signing this form you acknowledge: •

You are over 18 years of age.

•

If relevant, you are the parent/guardian of the child to which this consent form relates.

•

That you have read the statements above and agree that we can use your/your child’s personal information for promotional purposes.

Name: ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

We or other third parties to whom we disclose the personal information are not liable to pay a fee, or in the case of media activity, seek further approval for additional publication. We are not responsible for any loss or damage, or any claims that might arise out of the use of images or other information.

Address:

________________________________________________

Any personal information (including images) may be edited without notice to you.

Signature: ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

Date: ____________________________________________________

You also consent to us contacting you in the future to seek your/your child’s participation in any media or marketing activity.

For persons under the age of 18:

LIMITATION OF CONSENT

Child’s name: ____________________________________________

If you would not like your/your child’s personal information or image associated with a particular campaign, or on a particular forum, please briefly note the situations or circumstances in which you would not approve the use of your/your child’s information: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________ Child’s age: ______________________________________________

■

You can identify this child by his or her first name as set out above.

■ ■

Please identify this child by first name ONLY. Please do not identify this child by name.

CAMPAIGNS : INFORMATION AND ACTION

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 02.3

No place like homelands

i

Last year Amnesty International released a report in partnership with Aboriginal communities in the Utopia homelands, Northern Territory.

The report explored the unique relationship between the people of the Utopia homelands and their country and the tangible benefits for Aboriginal peoples who remain on their homelands.

In order to enable

Without more adequate funding, Aboriginal peoples are faced with an implicit choice – remain on their homeland, where in some cases there are no basic services like housing, schools or doctors; or leave their homelands and go to growth towns far away.

traditional land, the

Amnesty International and our partners from the homelands have had some wins – the government has committed to funding homelands for basic services like water, sanitation and garbage collection.

Despite this win, there is still a lot of work to be done.

21-year-old Naronda William Loy, with her one year old daughter Karlishia Raggatt, speaks with Amnesty International Secretary General Salil Shetty, Mosquito Bore, Utopia, 8 October 2011.

She lives with no running water, toilet, shower and electricity. © AI/Chloe Geraghty

Aboriginal Peoples to remain on their government needs to include homelands in all national plans for housing, health and education.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ACTION PACK OCTOBER 2012 | SECTION 02.3

ACT NOW>> Peter Garrett is the national Minister for Youth, and is therefore obliged to represent your views.

Write him a letter asking him to support Aboriginal homelands.

Here are some key points for your letter.

•

It has been proven that Aboriginal People can live better lives on the homelands.

•

We don’t want any more mistakes with Aboriginal policy.

•

Aboriginal Peoples should not have to choose between remaining on their traditional land and having access to basic services.

•

Homelands should be included in national plans for housing, health and education.

Ask Peter Garrett to personally commit to equitable funding for homelands and to raise your concerns in Cabinet.

Send your letter to us and we will send it to Peter Garrett on your behalf: Youth Coordinator Daniel Scaysbrook Locked Bag 23 Broadway NSW 2007

Elders George Club and Cowboy Loywalk with Amnesty International Secretary General Salil Shetty at Utopia, 8 October 2011. © AI/Chloe Geraghty

Njarli Kunoth-Monks, her mother Rosalie and 18-year-old daughter Amelia, from Three Bores at Utopia, 8 October 2011. © AI/Chloe Geraghty