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Verbal Abuse Project Synopsis Verbal abuse is often an overlooked violence, especially within parent-child relationships. The project aims to create a system of visual communications that educate people about parental verbal abuse and promote the best ways of helping and supporting people who suffer from the invisible scars left by parental verbal abuse. Aijing (Ellie) Chen // GR 620 Visual Thinking // Summer 2019
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CREATIVE BRIEF In this chapter, a comprehensive creative brief will be shown to introduce design background, objective and strategy that are applied to this project. It also includes three pages of personas with elaborated descriptions and refined moodboards that provide inspirations for image, color and typography choices.
03
Creative Brief Part 1 A blueprint of the project that defines overall strategy and objective
04–06
Audience Personas Fictional figures representing groups of people targeted by the brand
07–08
Mood Board Development A collage board that provides typography, image and color inspirations
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Creative Brief Part 2 Deliverables: the expected outcomes and products of the project
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Creative Brief // A blueprint that defines the overall strategy and objective Background // Introducing what the topic is and how it matters
Single Minded Proposition // Unique selling point
Verbal abuse within parent-child relationships is an unheeded violence. Verbal abuse can take a number of forms, including name-calling, demeaning comments, accusation, gaslighting and more. People who have experienced parental verbal abuse during childhood are much more likely to develop mental and personality disorders later in their lives.
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
The lack of bruises and proper understanding makes it difficult for the abused to seek help and survive abusive relationships. It is important for people to become aware of the detrimental effects of verbal abuse and build a supportive, non-abusive environment for children.
Objective // The overall mission and goals of the brand To educate people of verbal abuse within parent-child relationships and promote the best ways of helping and supporting people, especially children, who are abused invisibly.
Target Audience // Groups of people targeted by the brand The Abused Child People who are suffering from parental verbal abuse and feel that they are trapped in abusive relationships. The Abusive Parent People who normalize verbal abuse in parent-child relationships without realizing the destructive impacts on children’s mental health and wellbeing. The Active Advocate People who have certain understanding and experience of verbal abuse and hope to devote themselves to helping and supporting the abused.
Keywords // Providing directions for the overall mood and tone Supportive One of the main objectives is to build a supportive environment where children can look for advice and understanding of their invisible abusive experiences. The mood of supportive will be reflected in encouraging and emotionally uplifting designs. Destructive Many people fail to take verbal abuse seriously since they lack knowledge and in-person experience of the harmful effects verbal abuse exerts on one’s mental health. Designs that show negative effects allow people to picture the situations and evoke resonance with the abused children. Invisible One of the features of verbal abuse is that it is invisible, leading to the fact that many people are ignoring verbal abuse and its damages to children’s mind. By showing the “invisible” nature of verbal abuse, the designs aim to attract people’s attention on the unseen scars left by verbal abuse that can last a lifetime. Other Keywords: inspiring manipulative overlooked informative
impactful impulsive misconceived relatable
long-lasting sophisticated ambivalent compassionate
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Persona: The Abused Child // A fictional figure representing the abused children targeted by the brand Personal Traits & Experiences 1.
Sophia is frustrated and confused when her father always makes fun of her shape, clothes and relationships with others. She finds it hard to speak up and stand for herself as her father always accuses her of being too sensitive.
2.
Her father often compares her to her two elder brothers with a demeaning attitude, saying that she is “weak and useless.” So she pushes herself to work harder trying to prove her worth to be loved and accepted.
3.
She takes any form of critique seriously and can’t stop thinking about it. She keeps convincing herself that it is her own fault of not being perfect.
4.
She has low confidence in herself and often feels insecure expressing her emotions and needs because she doesn’t believe that anyone cares about such a nobody like her.
5.
She feels that she is trapped in a dilemma where the words and attitudes from her father are hurtful, but she feels helpless and often hesitated about breaking away from this blood tie.
6.
She feels embarrassed to seek help and ask for advice. Though she has tried to talk to friends about her struggle, most of them do not take her situation seriously since there is not physical bruise. “He is your father, after all,” as they would say.
7.
She used to love sketching and painting, but now she hides all her sketchbooks behind the cupboard. She is afraid of showing her interest and feels no enthusiasm for her life.
Sophia Scott
15-year-old Caucasian Girl Education Level: currently studying in middle school Occupation: student Family Condition: working class family with two brothers Marital Status: single
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Persona: The Abusive Parent // A fictional figure representing the abusive parents targeted by the brand Personal Traits & Experiences 1.
Olivia is aspirational and career-oriented. Born in a middle class family, she shares the belief that the route to success is through earning more.
2.
She sets high expectations on her only child. She believes in the power of intensive parenting as she has witnessed successful examples from her coworker.
3.
She thinks that parents should be authoritative in their relationships with kids because parents are experienced and knowledgeable, just as how her parents raised her in the past.
4.
She controls every aspect of her son’s life because she has a strong need to exercise control over almost everything and take command of every situation especially after her divorce with her husband.
5.
She believes that it is her right to be critical of her son so that he can learn from failure and prepare for the demands in adulthood.
6.
The failure in her marriage somehow keeps her from being too nice and tolerant to her child, because he reminds her too much of her ex-husband. Sometimes she just can’t help yelling and blaming him on putting her under such pressure.
7.
Her son is behaving awkwardly recently as he gets nervous easily and always shuts himself in the room. She thinks of it as teenage rebellion but she has not idea what is going on.
Olivia Jones
47-year-old African American Female Education Level: graduated with a Bachelor’s degree Occupation: project manager Family Condition: middle class family with a middle school son Marital Status: married for 18 years and now divorced
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Persona: The Active Advocate // A fictional figure representing the active advocates targeted by the brand Personal Traits & Experiences
Lucas Cruz
1.
Lucas used to struggle with anxiety and depression during his study in college because of the verbal abuse from his alcoholic father since childhood.
2.
From time to time he finds himself having trouble with close relationships and open communication since his father always degrades him by saying things like “Look at yourself. Who else would want you?�
3.
He shares his abusive experiences and seeks support and advice on social media and online forums as he can find relief in talking anonymously to people in similar situations.
4.
He never considers the house he grows up with to be very violent, but when he finally manages to leave home after dropping out of college, he becomes aware that the insults from his father have exerted damaging influences on his personal development.
5.
He is now working at a local NGO that supports people who suffer from verbal and physical abuse. Helping others can give him a great sense of fulfillment and accomplishment.
6.
He understands that verbal abuse has the same harmful effects as physical abuse, so he believes it is necessary to help people realize that the scars left by abuse, be it verbal or physical, can last a lifetime.
7.
Now that he has his own child, he is very careful about not behaving like his father and proactive in educating himself on building a healthy relationship with children.
28-year-old Latino Male Education Level: dropped out of college, but self-educated Occupation: brand ambassador at an NGO for domestic violence Family Condition: middle class family with an alcoholic father Marital Status: married and having a two-year-old daughter
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Moodboard Development // A collage board that provides typography, image and color inspirations Initial Moodboards Supportive
Destructive
Invisible Supportive Moodboard The supportive moodboard aims to show positive parent-child relationships. Photographs center around loving interactions within both families and support groups. Colors are bright and delightful and the types are gentle and approachable.
Destructive Moodboard The destructive moodboard aims to demonstrate the negative impacts verbal abuse experts on children. Bold and broken types paired with images of family conflicts and desperate children provide viewers with impactful impressions. The use of dark and bold colors also helps stress the importance of this issue.
Invisible Moodboard The invisible moodboard aims to deliver the idea that the harms brought by verbal abuse are unnoticeable while worthy of attention. Blurred images uncover the “invisibility� and helpless children are presented to show the difficulty of speaking up.
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Moodboard Development // A collage board that provides typography, image and color inspirations Final Moodboard Supportive
Color/Texture
Layout Type
Objective Photography
Art Typography
Situational Photography
Situational Photography
Layout Type
Art Typography
Objective Photography
Layout Type
Art Typography
Color/Texture
Situational Photography
Art Typography
Objective Photography
Objective Photography
Layout Type
Color/Texture
Situational Photography
Color/Texture
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Creative Brief // A blueprint that defines the overall strategy and objective Deliverables // Expected outcomes and products of the project Poster Series A series of three posters that uncover the overall concept of reducing and healing invisible scars from parental verbal abuse. It features the cross-out of abusive words and promotes the better ways of communication between parents and children.
Mobile App A mobile app that provides interactive experience for people, especially younger ones, who feel trapped and seek advice and more understanding. It provides an integrated service system that offers real-time support. Offerings: • Journal: A diary function for young people to write about their thoughts and feelings and record verbal aggression if necessary. • Connection: A social media platform that allows people to search for, talk to or make friends with someone with very similar experiences. • Support: A place where people can contact their trusted adults or the national support hotlines that can help them get out of the harms of parental verbal abuse. • Words Matter: Providing detailed information of the brand’s offerings such as the toolkit and the event. It also contains a self-help course section for people to learn more about verbal abuse.
Awareness Toolkit An awareness toolkit which incorporates prints and artifacts aiming to help people understand the signs and effects of verbal abuse, and learn ways to improve parent-child relationships via accredited information, skill-building guidance, counseling supports and more. Offerings: • Envelope • Welcome sheet • Business Card • Booklet • Flash cards • Bookmarks
Educational Event An educational seminar that advocates a better understanding of verbal abuse. It aims at educating people, especially parents, about how the words they use everyday can possibly affect children’s mental wellbeing. Offerings: • Graphic walls • Roll-up banner • Tickets • Name Badges
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VISUAL SYSTEM This chapter starts with brand identity development: brand naming and log design. An annotated visual system that guides the overall design of the project will also be presented to show what typefaces, images, colors and graphic elements are used to create cohesive and effective visual communications.
11–15
Brand Development Brand identity system including brand name and logo
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Annotated Visual System Identifying typefaces, images, colors used to create a cohesive system
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Brand Development: Name First Round
Second Round
Hush Keeping quite
Words Count
Mute Keeping quite
Choose Words Wisely
Sh! Keeping quite
WiseComm
Bless Than Blame Using better words
Thoughtful Talk
NCNH No Curse, No Hurt
Conscious Communication
No More Stopping verbal abuse
Rephrase Love
CDR Children Deserves Respect
AfterWords
Name Concept
ROVA Respect over Verbal Abuse
Behind the Words
TOVA Turn off Verbal Abuse
A Better Tone
EnVisible Making it visible
Alt Your Words
Since I headed towards the supportive keyword and aimed at changing the abusive behaviors, I decided to use the name “words matter” because it focuses on importance of words without putting an emphasis on the negative side.
Revoice Rephrasing words
Spell of Words
Melodia Melodic + Invisible Abuse
Under the Spell
Retone Changing the way of talking
Make Words Heal
InTune Staying in tune
Makt It Right
DeFume Fume being invisible and hurtful
Mend with Words
Remedy Cure and treatment Chlorephyll Turning bad things to good DeSteam Steam being invisible and hurtful Words Matter Words being important RIA Reduce Invisible Abuse
Final Choice
Words Matter
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Brand Development: Logo Hand Sketches
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Brand Development: Logo
‘
Digital Roughs WORDS
matter
’
m w
MATTER
MATTER
WORDS
words matter
WORDS MATTER
WORDS matter
WORDS matter
WORDS matter
WORDS Matter
WORDS MATTER
WORDS Matter
matter
matter
WORDS
MATTER
WORDS
MATTER
MATTER
WORDS
matter
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Brand Development: Logo Final Logo
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Brand Development: Logo Final Logo Typeface Words: DIN 2014 Narrow Light Matter: Mislab Std Bold Italic
Concept Verbal abuse by its definition takes place in the conversations among people. The quote marks are most suitable for indicating the start and end of the conversations. The use of single quote marks makes the overall design concise yet revealing. The use of contrasting typefaces helps create clear hierarchy and place an emphasis on “matter�. Meanwhile, the combination of caps and lowercases show that verbal abuse takes a variety of forms.
Black Version
White Version The black or white logo is useful especially when the background is already colorful or complicated. It will help the logo stand out among all the other elements. It can also be applied to special occasions or printing requirements.
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Annotated Visual System // Identifying design elements used to create a cohesive system Logos
Colors
PMS
Typefaces Cover, number: Bee Four Title, quote, footer: Agenda Subtitle: Mislab Std Body copy: Alda Logo: DIN 2014 Narrow, Mislab Std
Images
178 CP
2018 UP
2417 CP
287 U
Black 6C
C
0
0
75
90
80
M
65
40
15
70
70
Y
60
90
70
15
60
K
0
0
0
0
75
R
226
250
62
57
16
G
120
166
160
86
24
B
101
52
113
146
32
Graphic Elements
Loving Family
Support Group
Abused Child
Quote Marks
Brush Strokes
Graphic Lines
Given that this project is heading towards the “supportive� keyword, the images will focus on showing what healthy relationships should be without verbal abuse.
The project also aims to deal with how people in abusive relationships seek help and support. Images of therapists as well as support groups will show different ways of combating parental verbal abuse.
Since the topic centers around verbal bullying, images of children who suffer from the pain and struggle will also help demonstrate the harmful impact of verbal abuse.
The topic of verbal abuse centers around language and conversations. So some of the punctuation marks (especially quote marks) will be used in a flexible way as one of the major graphic elements.
The brush strokes will be used to cross out abusive words from parents that the project endeavors to reduce and rephrase in better ways.
Lines are also important part of the major graphic elements that are used to connect words as well as add visual interest to the overall composition.
03
DELIVERABLES Four major deliverables, a poster series, an awareness toolkit, a mobile app and an educational event, will be presented in this chapter with both full digital versions, physical comps and items in situations. Each deliverable piece is also annotated with the design concept behind it.
18–24
Poster Series A set of three posters that show brand concept and call to action
25–43
Awareness Toolkit An integrated kit to help parents and children understand verbal abuse
44–50
Mobile App Designed for young people to seek help and understanding
51–65
Educational Event A seminar offering knowledge and instruction on tackling verbal abuse
Poster Series The poster series uncovers the overall concept of reducing and healing invisible scars from parental verbal abuse. It features the cross-out of abusive words and promotes the better ways of communication between parents and children.
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Poster Development Initial Posters First Round I’M SO SICK OF YOU.
SICK I’M SO
I’m so sick proud of you.
WORDS
Words C an H u rt.
OF YOU.
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
CAN HURT CAN ALSO HEAL
In the first round of poster development, I came up with three distinct posters that corresponded to the three keywords I had chosen: supportive, destructive and invisible.
WHY AREN’T YOU SMART ENOUGH?
I SHOULD HAVE ABORTED YOU.
YOU ARE TOO SENSITIVE.
NO ONE WOULD LOVE YOU.
WORDS CAN HURT Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
Second Round After deciding to move on with the “supportive” direction, I created three posters that were visually tied to express the idea of reducing parental verbal abuse and advocating effective communication.
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
“YOU SCREW UP EVERYTHING!”
AMAZING you are
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
at what you do
Learn more about signs of parental verbal abuse and how to combat it at wordsmatter.com
WHO WOULD WANT YOU?
“STOP CRYING, SISSY!”
STRONGER PRECIOUS you are
you are
than you think
Learn more about signs of parental verbal abuse and how to combat it at wordsmatter.com
and worthy of love
Learn more about signs of parental verbal abuse and how to combat it at wordsmatter.com
Third Round Since the posters for the second round looked quite similar in terms of layout, color and image choice, I continued to refine the posters until they became more interesting while still visually connected.
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Poster Development Final Poster Series
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
“YOU SCREWED UP EVERYTHING.”
“STOP CRYING, SISSY!”
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
“WHO WOULD WANT YOU?”
AMAZING STRONGER PRECIOUS you are
you are
at what you do
Learn more about signs of parental verbal abuse and how to tackle it at wordsmatter.com
Poster Concept The final version of the poster series features three paralleled bold and colorful words of encouragement that are advocated by this project. It aims to deliver the idea that instead of blaming and insulting children, parents should use positive ways of communication that benefit children’s personal development. Images of loving and supportive families are also used to reveal what healthy parent-child relationships should look like.
you are
than you think
Learn more about signs of parental verbal abuse and how to tackle it at wordsmatter.com
and worthy of love
Learn more about signs of parental verbal abuse and how to tackle it at wordsmatter.com
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Final Poster Series Final Poster Series in Situation
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Final Poster Series Final Poster in Situation
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Awareness Toolkit The awareness toolkit incorporates prints and artifacts aiming to help people understand the signs and effects of verbal abuse, and learn ways to improve parent-child relationships through accredited information, skill-building guidance as well as some counseling supports. The items designed includes: • • • • • •
Envelope Welcome sheet Business Card Booklet Flash cards Bookmarks
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Awareness Toolkit: Envelop + Business Card + Welcome Sheet Envelope + Business Card + Welcome Sheet Physical Comps
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Awareness Toolkit: Envelope + Business Card Envelope
Business Card Front
Lisa Smith Program Director
lsmith@wordsmatter.com 877-923-0700 wordsmatter.com
100 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94129
Business Card Back
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
Envelope Concept
Business Card Concept
The envelop is designed to be the container that gathers all the pieces for the awareness toolkit. The signature quote marks are used as the “seal� and the visual elements on the front cover correspond to the design of the business card on the right. In this way, the envelop can even be used to represent the brand identity on its own.
On the back of the business card, the logo is used as a graphic element paired with the major tagline. On the front, the signature quote marks are used as the background to make the overall look visually interesting. A full version of the logo is also shown.
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Awareness Toolkit: Welcome Sheet Front
Back Welcome Sheet Concept
l
It’s Not Just Words The impact of verbal aggression tends to be discounted and marginalized in our culture; there seems to be an unspoken agreement that such abuse is “only words.” However, those who have suffered from verbal abuse know that words can be as damaging as physical blows to their body. When it comes to parent-child relationships, verbal abuse is even more likely to be denied and overlooked. Parents: Have you run into the thought that it is rightful of you to be critical of your child or said things you regretted? Children: Have you felt ambivalent about what comes from your parents and found it hard to speak up because of the lack of physical bruises? This toolkit is designed for people who could possibly get involved in a parent-child relationship that is verbally abusive. It contains this welcome sheet, an informational booklet, a set of flashcards, and several pieces of inspirational bookmarks. The overall goals are to raise the awareness of the insidious nature of verbal abuse, equip parents with deeper knowledge of the destructive impact it exerts on children and provide children with appropriate methods and resources to tackle parental verbal abuse.
WELCOME! see how our toolkit can help
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
“YOU SCREWED UP EVERYTHING.” “STOP CRYING, SISSY!” “WHO ELSE WOULD WANT YOU?” … If you’ve heard or said the above words, you are very likely to be involved in abusive conversations. And our self-help toolkit from Words Matter is right here for your.
About We recognize the power of parent-child communication and its impact on children and their development. Our mission is to educate people of parental verbal abuse and promote the best ways of helping and supporting children who struggle with abusive relationships. We strive to create a non-verbally-abusive environment where parents and children can build healthy and respectful connections that enhance children’s lifelong wellbeing.
Who Should Use the Toolkit? Parents:
Children:
Have you found yourself always feeling frustrated or angry with your children? Do you occasionally say things to them that you might regret later? If you find that you are routinely having angry outbursts or that whenever you get upset you lash out at those around, this toolkit can help you find a better way to turn those words under your losing temper into something positive and beneficial to your relationship with your children.
Are your parents your harshest critics who talk to you in a way that makes you feel unworthy of love? Have they accused you of being too sensitive when you attempt to point out their hurtful words? If you are struggling with your parents’ constant criticism and verbal aggression that make you feel terrible about yourself, this toolkit can provide you with proper ways to combat abusive situations and help you regain confidence with extra support.
What Does the Toolkit Comprise? Welcome Sheet
Informational Booklet
Bookmarks
Flashcards
This welcome sheet consists of an introduction statement, a business card with contact info, general instructions on the use of this toolkit and some key takeaways that offer unique insights into parental verbal abuse.
The booklet contains guidance to understanding verbal abuse in the context of parent-child relationships. Parents and their children can glance through the booklet to obtain deeper insights on verbal abuse and enhance their ability to detect and avoid abusive talks.
The bookmarks are designed for children and anyone that are inferior in verbally abusive parent-child relationships. It can be kept as an stationery item that contains encouraging phrases, which aim to remind children of their true value and keep them optimistic.
Designed for parents who run into situations of criticizing or scolding their children, the cards list common examples of verbal abuse for parents to reflect on the way they talk and provide better options for them to rephrase their words in a positive way.
The welcome sheet consists of opening statement, brand introduction, general instructions on the use of the awareness toolkit and some key takeaways that offer unique insights into parental verbal abuse. The overall design ties to the visual system. The “Welcome” on cover is purposefully positioned so that it will be shown immediately once the receivers of the toolkit open the envelope.
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Awareness Toolkit: Booklet Book Cover Booklet Concept The booklet contains guidance to understanding verbal abuse within parent-child relationships. Parents and their children can glance through the booklet to obtain deeper insights into verbal abuse and enhance their abilities to detect and reduce abusive conversations. Each chapter is revealing on the cover and the booklet is perfect bound to make sure the alignment works well.
A Guide to Detecting and Reducing Parental Verbal Abuse
Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
wordsmatter.com
INVOLVED are you
in abusive conversation?
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Awareness Toolkit: Booklet Inside Pages
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Verbal abuse, also known as verbal bullying, is the repeated improper and excessive use of language to criticize, threaten, insult or belittle a person, causing emotional harm. Just because verbal abuse doesn’t leave a physical scar does not mean that it did not deeply hurt the abused ones.
I didn’t know that the way my father talked to me wasn’t the way other dads talked to their daughters.
What Defines Verbal Abuse
— Aileen, 34, kindergarten teacher
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Are You Involved in Abusive Conversations
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01
8 COMMONS SIGNS OF VERBAL ABUSE:
OF OVER 3,000
American parents surveyed reported one or more cases of verbal bullying toward children in their homes.
— University of New Hampshire
Argumentative on Ordinaries
Everyone can get into arguments from time to time and sometimes it is easy to lose our cool and yell. It’s all part of being human. But verbal abuse isn’t normal.
Some subjects simply lead
The trouble is, when kids get involved in a verbally abusive relationship, it makes them unsure of themselves, unable to recognize their true value and sometimes incapable of adapting to life’s many challenges.
topics and try to convince
It is worth mentioning that verbal abuse is different from a normal argument and there are certain signs that can help parents and children better detect whether they run into abusive conversations. A number of signs of verbal abuse are shown on the right page. Some are quite obvious, while others are more subtle:
What Defines Verbal Abuse
In the parent-child relationship specifically, a parent may tell a child that he or she is being oversensitive or play it off as teasing, “It’s just a joke!” Or a child may think his or her parents sincerely want to help them and are just being tough. But there is a vast difference between true concern and putting a person down and depleting his or her selfesteem. It is critical for both parents and children to become aware of the detrimental effects of verbal abuse and build a loving, supportive and non-abusive environment for children’s development.
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What Defines Verbal Abuse
Name-calling and cursing are some of the easily recognized forms of verbal abuse, but small things like the tone of speaking, facial expressions and even interjections can in fact contribute to verbal abuse too. In some occasions, criticism becomes more severe than yelling and screaming. Verbal bullying also refers to what is not being said. A lack of response can make the abused feel as if he or she does not even exist, or simply doesn’t “deserve” an answer.
01 What Defines Verbal Abuse
Unfortunately, people may not even realize when verbal abuse is taking place. Compared to physical abuse, verbal abuse is more of a gray area, because it can be just as hurtful, but has no clear way of even being proven.
What Defines Verbal Abuse
What Defines Verbal Abuse
01
A CONTEXTUAL DEFINITION
themselves to debate, like politics or philosophy. But if parents counter opinions their kids have on ordinary them that their opinions are worthless or wrong, it turns into verbal abuse.
Denying but Not Discussing
In a healthy relationship, parents and children can talk sincerely and expect each other to listen. In an abusive relationship, parents might discount any claims of their mistreatment, deny anything they have done wrong and even insist that children are the ones with a problem.
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What Defines Verbal Abuse
Are You Involved in Abusive Conversations
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What Defines Verbal Abuse
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Criticism That Isn’t Helpful
There’s a difference between
Controlling the Conversation
from talking about certain topics or tell them it’s not
putting them down. These
their turn to talk. They try where they want it. Or they
like “You never do it right,” or “You always eat too much.”
may just cut children off by saying that they complain too much.
Jokes That Are Criticism
Making Threats
Some parents are so used to
Often parents know about
sarcastic ways of talking but
fears against their children.
insist that they are simply
Since they make themselves
joking. In this way, children
seem indispensable or make
often feel that they have no
children feel dependent
reason to be mad or upset.
How It Impacts Children’s Lives
to steer the conversation
form of “you” statements,
What Defines Verbal Abuse
criticisms often come in the
02
01
Parents may stop children
making children aware of a space for improvement and
02
upon them, they threaten to
This is actually twisting the
punish, leave or abandon the
abuse that still makes kids
children to cause panic.
feel upset about themselves.
Trivializing Efforts
Trivializing happens when
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Blaming Problems on Children
Blame involves putting the
parents act as if something
blame for parents’ actions
their children work hard on
onto their children instead
is not a big deal. They tend
of taking responsibility. It
to minimize their children’s
can include blaming children
achievement or say that they
for some things they have
are capable of nothing. This
nothing to do with or simply
kind of verbal abuse can go
making them responsible for
hand-in-hand with criticism.
parents’ emotions.
What Defines Verbal Abuse
Are You Involved in Abusive Conversations
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It’s not surprising, especially given that we process negative and positive events via two different systems, that the positive doesn’t offset the negative. Words are still damaging when you have one loving parent who uses his or her words with care and one who is in fact verbally aggressive. Researcher Ann Polcari and her team proved this in a study
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How It Impacts Children’s Lives
of whether or not affectionate behavior by one parent could mitigate or buffer a child from the damage inflicted by a verbally aggressive parent. Even more salient is the finding that if the parent who is verbally abusive later shows affectionate behavior, the effect of the abuse isn’t ameliorated.
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IT CHANGES THE DEVELOPING BRAIN The work of Martin A. Teicher showed that the human brain is highly adaptable. The evolutionary goal is for children to adapt to whatever environment, so that they are not in a constant state of stress. Born into a safe and attentive environment, the kid’s brain develops normally; when born into a family which is either unsupportive or hostile, the brain does not.
A study of some 2,000 adults in their 60s found that when it came to telling their life stories, they recalled painful events quite differently—even when there’s been a long interval of time since they occurred—with the exception of childhood trauma. Scholars concluded that elders perceived positive events as central to their lives largely due to cultural norms, but that negative events were perceived as central or a turning point because of the related coping skills and also emotional distress.
Are You Involved in Abusive Conversations
How It Impacts Children’s Lives
— Joelle, 16, High School Student
WHAT SCIENCE KNOWS
02 How It Impacts Children’s Lives
I realize that my survival mechanism has become repressing. I just knew that I was never allowed to be sad or angry.
If science knows anything, it’s that “bad is stronger than good,” as Roy Baumeister and his colleagues noted in their seminal article. Humans are hardwired to pay more attention to potentially negative possibilities. That applies to words as well: We respond more deeply and quickly to criticism than praise, for example, and remember the deflating or wounding remark with more exactness than the compliment. This applies to children as well as adults.
How It Impacts Children’s Lives
Studies show that various parts of the brain are affected by a hostile situation, among them the corpus callosum (the conduit for transferring motor, sensory, and cognitive information between the two hemisphere of the brain); the hippocampus (part of the limbic system which regulates emotion); and the frontal cortex (controls thought as well as decision making). This information seems genuinely terrifying, but it also appears to be beyond dispute.
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How It Impacts Children’s Lives
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Verbal abuse in childhood can have a lasting impact on children’s development. A verbally abused child tends to suffer from rejection sensitivity and low self-esteem, have anxious style of attachment, or even become prone to rumination and perhaps depression. There is the direct effect of the verbal abuse in the moment, which inflicts deep emotional pain. In most cases, this is an established pattern of repetitive behavior, so in addition to the cycle of pain, the child also develops coping mechanisms, many of them maladaptive.
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How It Impacts Children’s Lives
Growing up with parental denial and verbal aggression, children might arm themselves against the pain, which only lessens their already impaired ability to manage negative emotion and self-soothe. They may become constantly flooded with feelings which can further limit the growth of their emotional intelligence, a skill set built on identifying emotions and processing them.
How to Heal Invisible Scars
How It Impacts Children’s Lives
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT Researchers found that individuals who have experienced parental verbal abuse during childhood are three times more likely to have narcissistic, paranoid, as well as obsessivecompulsive disorders during adolescence and early adulthood.
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03
I’m so critical of myself and overly sensitive to others’ intentions. — Amelia, 27, Nursing Assistant
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Recovery is a pretty long process, but I realized that I had to get to the root of my stress.
03
Learning how to parent can be a long process. And frankly, it involves a lot of effort and troubleshooting. In moments of stress and anger, try to refrain from saying anything mean or sarcastic to your child. Remember, you’re his or her main and most important role model. Here are three ways on the right page that help you calm down:
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How to Heal Invisible Scars
03 | Focus on the Present
Share your feelings of anger
If your child could be left
Try to deal only with the
or resentment with your
alone, go to another room.
present rather than letting
spouse or a friend. Be sure
If he’s too young for that,
all the stressful incidents
to do this in private, where
try walking to the other end
that have already piled up
your child won’t hear you
of the room. Then take a
— Michael, 53, Engineer
A GUIDANCE FOR CHILDREN The first step in recovering from parental verbal abuse is recognizing that it actually took place. This is difficult for children for many reasons, including “normalizing” the household; still wanting a connection to the parent or parents; buying into the cultural notion that parental verbal abuse isn’t really corrosive; and more.
overcome your emotions
and feel wounded by your
few slow and deep breaths,
and mess up your choice of
unintentional words.
seeking to let go of the
words towards children.
situation emotionally. Wait for five minutes (or more if needed) before talking to
Below are a few basic coping techniques to respond to the abuse while it is happening. Reach out to someone you trust if you need help and support. Focus on taking care of yourself and healing from the abuse as much as you can:
your child.
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03 How to Heal Invisible Scars
Parents are vulnerable to becoming involved in maltreatment if stressful incidents in their lives build up or if they are unable to manage these stresses. Apart from some extreme cases like sadistic psychosis, the lack of capacity for understanding and dealing with children or false ideas about children’s needs can also result in verbal abuse.
02 | Take a “Time-Out”
01 | Learn to Share
How to Heal Invisible Scars
A GUIDANCE FOR PARENTS
How to Heal Invisible Scars
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How to Heal Invisible Scars
01 02
It’s Not Your Fault Understand that it’s not your fault and recognize abusive patterns. Learning to recognize the warning signs can help you prepare yourself better or plan to avoid situations where abuse is most likely to happen.
Calm down and Respond Try to stay calm when abuse takes place and Let your parents know that the behavior is not acceptable. If your parent begins yelling at you or belittling you, stop and take a few deep breaths before you respond. It can be scary to stand up for yourself, but the abuse may never stop if you don’t say something.
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they are being abusive, either by finding a safe space inside your home or by spending time outside your home.
Share Your Thoughts Talk to a friend or confide in an adult you trust. A supportive friend should listen without being judgmental or putting you down. A supportive adult may be able to offer suggestions for dealing with the situation, or help get you in touch with a professional who can help you.
Reach out for Help Call for help if you are feeling threatened. If you ever feel like you are in danger, or if your abusive parent attacks you physically, get away from them as soon as you are able and go someplace where you feel safe.
How to Heal Invisible Scars
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Seek Help from Authority
This might be a teacher, school counselor, physician or nurse, child care provider, or law enforcement officer.
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you truly enjoy. If you have dealt with your parents’ verbal
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to feel confused or have mixed feelings when you deal with
Do Things You Enjoy Build your self-esteem with positive self-talk and do things abuse for years, it may take a toll on you and your emotional health. Any time you catch yourself thinking any negative
04
thought, try to come up with something positive instead or put your attention on things that help you relax.
It’s Fine to Love Recognize that it’s okay to still love your parents. It’s normal parental verbal abuse. Your concern, however, shouldn’t stop you from getting help or talking about it with someone you trust. It’s possible to get help dealing with abuse and still care about your parents.
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We strive to help parents and children build healthy and loving connections.
04 Additional Info and Support
— Words Matter
RESOURCES FOR MORE SUPPORT Seeking help for the child is the first and most important step toward recovery from abusive conversations. Yet another effort should be to get help for the verbally abusive parents and other family members. Here are some national resources that can help: The National Domestic Violence Hotline can be reached 24/7 via call or chat (1-800-799-7233 or TTY 1-800-787-3224) and can access service providers and shelters across the U.S. to supply free and confidential support. National Child Abuse Hotline can be reached 24/7 at 1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453) for information on free help in your area. Words Matter educates people of parental verbal abuse and promotes the best ways of helping and supporting children who have been struggled with abusive relationships.
REFERENCE 02–03
Definition of Verbal Abuse https://legaldictionary.net/verbal-abuse/
03–04, 06–09
Would You Recognize Verbal Abuse? https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/abuse/ would-you-recognize-verbal-abuse-heres-whatyou-need-to-know/
12–17
The Enduring Pain of Childhood Verbal Abuse https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ tech-support/201611/the-enduring-pain-childhoodverbal-abuse
20–21
Yelling at Children (Verbal Abuse) https://consumer.healthday.com/encyclopedia/ children-s-health-10/child-development-news124/yelling-at-children-verbal-abuse-648565.html
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How to Deal With Verbal Abuse Your Parents https://www.wikihow.com/Deal-With-EmotionalAbuse-from-Your-Parents-(for-Adolescents)
Images
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Additional Info and Support
04
03
Report to an adult in authority. If you feel like you’re in danger or cannot take it any longer, tell an adult who’s in authority.
Additional Info and Support
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Minimize time around your abusive parents if possible. If you
How to Heal Invisible Scars
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Stay Away When Needed can, find ways to minimize your time with the parent when
freepik.com
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Additional Info and Support
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Awareness Toolkit: Flash Cards Front
Back Flash Cards Concept
WITHOUT ME YOU ARE JUST NOTHING.
Degradation is never a good strategy for your to make your children obey. It only eats away at their confidence and makes them feel terrible about themselves.
YOU FAT SLOB! GET YOUR ASS UP AND COME HELP ME. Sounds normal? Getting into the habit of name-calling is usually the first step towards parental verbal abuse.
Instead of belittling your children’s value, tell them that they are worthy of love and belonging. It will surely motivate them to do a better job.
There’s something precious in you that the world needs.
Instead of tearing your kids down, try to build them up and achieve the same end result: get them to help you.
I would really appreciate your help on this.
BECAUSE OF YOU, WE’RE NEVER ON TIME.
We’re all at fault for something once in a while, but don’t constantly blame your children for things they might not know how to improve.
CAN’T YOU JUST DO ONE THING RIGHT?
There’s nothing wrong with constructive criticism. But it’s particularly harsh and persistent in an attempt to chip away at your children’s self-esteem.
Instead of putting the blame onto your children, focus on solving the ongoing problem and work with them to make things better.
We are late. Let’s see how we can get ready quickly.
Instead of upsetting your children with past mistakes, use encouraging words that enhance their ability to improve on their efforts.
Everyone makes mistakes, but I hope you can learn from it.
Designed for parents who run into the situations of criticizing or scolding their children, the cards list common examples of verbal abuse for parents to reflect on the way they talk and provide better options for them to rephrase their words in a positive way.
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Awareness Toolkit: Flash Cards Front
WHY ARE YOU SO SENSITIVE TO EVERYTHING?
“It’s just a joke” can be an attack on your children and making them wonder if their feelings are meaningless can be especially crushing to their spirit.
NO WONDER YOU’RE FAT. YOUR CANDY JAR IS EMPTY! You might end up humiliating your kids without realizing it. A sarcastic tone of voice should not be a constant part of your interactions with your children.
Back Instead of discounting your children’s emotions, it’s critical to realize that your words have upset them and initiating an open conversation can really improve it.
Sorry that I made you feel bad. Let’s talk about it.
Instead of shaming your children with sarcastic comments, you can change their behaviors by showing your concern or suggesting a solution.
Sweets taste good, but they are not very healthy for you.
STOP CRYING, OR I WILL LEAVE RIGHT NOW.
Instead of forcing your kids to behave the way you think is right, show respect and understanding of their feelings and think about ways to support them.
I can see this is hard. I’ll help you work it out.
Frightening your kids into compliance with threats can be deeply damaging to the young mind.
WHY AREN’T YOU AS SMART AS YOUR SISTER?
Showing favoritism and keeping repeating such remarks can lead to sibling rivalry. It also creates lifelong animosity among your children.
Instead of making comparisons among your children, give them equal praise, teach them to respect one another and help each other succeed.
Each one of you is capable of awesome things.
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Awareness Toolkit: Book Marks Front
Back
Despite all the storms made of pain and loss, despite all the chaos that you have to endure, you are still there and you are still going strong.
you are
than you think
STRONGER
Do not let someone who did you wrong make you think there’s something wrong with you. Know your worth, always.
The bookmarks are designed for children and people that are inferior in the verbally abusive parent-child relationships. It can be kept as an stationery item that contains encouraging phrases, which aim to remind children of their true value and keep them optimistic.
and worthy of love
Bookmarks Concept
you are
PRECIOUS
at what you do
AMAZING
Never again will anybody have you wondering why you were not good enough, because you are more than just enough.
you are
Mobile App The mobile app provides interactive experience for people, especially younger ones, who feel trapped and seek advice and more understanding. It provides an integrated service system that offers real-time support. The main sections of the app are: • • • •
Journal Connection Support Words Matter
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Mobile App Structure
Mobile App Concept The mobile app is divided into four main sections that serve different functions for children and young people who are suffering from verbal abuse: Journal, Connection, Support and Words Matter.
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Mobile App Opening
Loading
Opening & Sign Up Pages Concept This page includes one opening page, three loading pages and one sign up page. The opening page features the logo and the major tagline. The loading pages are simpler forms of the poster series, which provide inspiring and captivating messages to encourage children who are verbally abused. The sign-up page allows users to create a personal account that can help store their information and offer personalized content.
Sign-Up
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Mobile App Home
Words Matter
Home Page Concept The home page starts with an encouraging greeting to the users. It provides colorful navigation tabs that direct users to four major sections. The quote mark button in the main menu offers a direct link to the “Connection” section and makes it easy for users to initiate conversations about verbal abuse.
Words Matter Concept This section provides information of the brand’s offerings such as the toolkit and the event. It also contains self-help courses on verbal abuse.
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Mobile App Connection
Connection Concept This section is a social media platform that allows people to search for, talk to or make friends with someone with very similar experiences. The system is designed in a way that allows users to either chat with added friends or talk to strangers that are matched based on their experiences. If users are not comfortable giving their personal information, they can choose to enter the anonymous mode.
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Mobile App Journal
Support
Journal Concept
Support Concept
This section is designed for people to write about their thoughts and feelings. They can take pictures of any harms they encounter or record verbal abuse if necessary. The data and files will be automatically synchronized to a safe cloud drive and kept as proofs of their abusive experiences.
This section stores the contact information of users’ most trusted people so that whenever they come across emergent situations or simply wish to talk to someone about their struggles, they can access the person immediately. It also provides links to both professional consultants from words matter as well as national support hotlines that can help users get out of the harms of parental verbal abuse.
Educational Event The educational seminar advocates a better understanding of verbal abuse. It aims at educating people, especially parents, about how the words they use everyday can possibly influence children’s mental wellbeing. The items designed include: • • • •
Graphic walls Roll-up banner Tickets Name Badges
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Educational Event: Graphic Walls Introduction Wall
let ’s make it
MATTER Graphic Walls Concept The graphic walls (introduction, primary, secondary) are designed for the educational event called Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019. These walls are placed around the exhibition hall to acquaint parents and children with knowledge about verbal abuse. The welcome graphic wall is placed at the entrance to welcome visitors and participants to join the event.
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019 Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse.
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Educational Event: Graphic Walls Primary Wall
what you may not
REALIZE Primary Wall Concept The primary graphic wall is designed with delightful colors from the visual system and aims to catch people’s attention immediately. The content of this wall focuses on simple facts and key takeaways of parental abuse and serves the function of guiding people into learning more about this topic.
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FACTS ABOUT VERBAL ABUSE
63% of over 3,000 American Parents surveyed have reported one or more cases of verbal abuse towards children in their homes.
Abusive Only If It’s Violent? This is a very common misconception. The damage left behind by verbal abuse can be just as bad as physical abuse or even worse.
Verbal Abuse Changes the Brain Abusive conversations are destructive because they can literally damage the structure and various parts of a child’s developing brain.
Not All Abusers Are Intentional Many have been victims of abuse themselves and just don’t know any other way to parent.
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06
SIGNS OF VERBAL ABUSE
Argumentative on Ordinary Topics
Trivializing Your Child’s Efforts
We all get into arguments from time to time. We lose our cool and yell. It’s all part of being human. However, verbal abuse isn’t normal. Here are six examples of what normal arguments look like:
Denying Rather Than Discussing
Controlling the Conversation
1.
They don’t happen every day.
2.
They don’t dissolve into name-calling or even personal attacks.
Criticism That Isn’t Helpful
Making Threats to Your Child
3.
Even if you don’t really agree with your child completely, you can move on without threats or punishments.
Jokes That Are Actually Criticism
Blaming Problems on Your Child
4.
You will listen and try to understand your child’s position, even if you are upset or angry.
5.
You may yell out of frustration, but it’s unusual and you work through it together.
6.
Arguments are not a zero-sum game, You will not win at the detriment of your child.
There’s No Offset The effect of verbal abuse is greater than that of the expression of love, and there is no offset in between.
SIGNS OF NORMAL DISPUTES
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Educational Event: Graphic Walls Secondary Walls
04 Examples of
how you can make it
BETTER Secondary Wall Concept The secondary graphic wall provides more in-depth knowledge on how parents avoid getting themselves into verbal abuse and communicate effectively will their children in a way that benefits their wellbeing and personal development.
03 Practices to
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
HELP YOU CALM DOWN Learn to Share
Instead of Saying:
It’s Better to Say:
You screwed up again. Can’t you just do one thing right?
No one is perfect. But I hope you can learn from your mistakes.
Look at you. Without me you are nothing.
There is something so precious in you that the world needs.
You’re the reason why we are never able to be on time for anything.
We’re almost late. Let’s see how we can help you get ready more quickly.
Why are you always so sensitive to everything?
Sorry that I made you feel bad. Let’s talk about it later.
how to control your
TEMPER
Share your feelings of anger or resentment with your spouse or a friend. Be sure to do this in private, where your child won’t hear you and feel wounded by your unintentional words.
Take a “Time-Out” If your child could be left alone, go to another room. Then take a few slow and deep breaths, seeking to let go of the situation emotionally. Wait for five minutes before talking to your child.
Focus on the Present Try to deal only with the present rather than letting all the stressful incidents that have already piled up overcome your emotions and mess up your choice of words towards your child.
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Educational Event: Banners Roll-up Banner in Situation
Roll-up Banner
VOLVED IN are you
in abusive conversation?
Get Our Awareness Toolkit and Mobile App for Reducing Parental Verbal Abuse Today!
Available at:
Banner Concept
W
The roll-up banner is designed for promoting the brand’s offerings such as the awareness toolkit and the mobile app. It is placed around the information desk so that visitors can acquire future details or samples of the product.
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Educational Event: Tickets
AUG 01–05, 2:30PM
WordsMatter.com
#04749692
let ’s make it
MOSCONE CENTER
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
for better communication within parent-child relationships
AUG 01–05, 2:30PM #04749693
WordsMatter.com
Tickets Concept
The tickets are designed for entering the exhibition hall where the educational event is held. General information such as event name, time and location is provided. There are altogether four different looks of the tickets that are visually interesting and cohesive with the overall design system and can be kept as souvenirs for joining the event.
747 Howard St San Francisco, CA 94103
GENERAL ADMISSION ONE DAY PASS
GENERAL ADMISSION ONE DAY PASS
for better communication within parent-child relationships
For more information about parental verbal abuse, visit wordsmatter.com
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
747 Howard St San Francisco, CA 94103
For more information about parental verbal abuse, visit wordsmatter.com
MOSCONE CENTER
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
MATTER MATTER let ’s make it
Back
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
Front
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Educational Event: Tickets
AUG 01–05, 2:30PM
WordsMatter.com
#04749694
let ’s make it
MOSCONE CENTER
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
for better communication within parent-child relationships
AUG 01–05, 2:30PM #04749695
WordsMatter.com
747 Howard St San Francisco, CA 94103
GENERAL ADMISSION ONE DAY PASS
GENERAL ADMISSION ONE DAY PASS
for better communication within parent-child relationships
For more information about parental verbal abuse, visit wordsmatter.com
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
747 Howard St San Francisco, CA 94103
For more information about parental verbal abuse, visit wordsmatter.com
MOSCONE CENTER
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
MATTER MATTER let ’s make it
Back
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
Front
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MATTER MATTER MATTER Educational Event: Name Badges Consultant
Volunteer
Member
Rosie Greening
Emma Bennett
Monica Johnson
Consultant
Volunteer
Member
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
Name Badges Concept The name badges are designed for people who take part in organizing and providing guidance to the educational event and there are three types of name badges: consultant, volunteer and member. Visitors can tell from the name badges what people around the event are responsible for so that they can find the right one when they wish to seek help.
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
Verbal Abuse Awareness Seminar 2019
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Credits Personas
Flash Cards
Images Sophia Olivia Lucas
Written Content https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/ what-is-verbal-abuse#manipulation
Norb_KM, shutter stock.com hfng, shutterstock.com CREATISTA, shutterstock.comm
https://www.joinonelove.org/learn/11-common-patterns-verbal-abuse/
Posters
Book Marks
Images First Second Third
Written Content Nikita Gill Trent Shelton Anonymous
prostooleh, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com fizkes, shutterstock.com
Booklet
Booklet
Images Cover 01 02–03 04 06–07 10–11 12 14 15 16–17 18–19 20–21 22 23 26–27 28
Written Content https://legaldictionary.net/verbal-abuse/ 02–03
freepik, freepik.com prostooleh, freepik.com vgstockstudio, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com vgstockstudio, freepik.com fizkes, shutterstock.com freepik, freepik.com nadyaskobeleva, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com rawpixel.com freepik, freepik.com amalmabruuk.org prostooleh, freepik.com katemangostar, freepik.com
03–04 06–09
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/abuse/ would-you-recognize-verbal-abuse-heres-what-you-need-to-know/
12–17
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/tech-support/201611/ the-enduring-pain-childhood-verbal-abuse
20–21
https://consumerhealthday.com/encyclopedia/children-s-health-10/ child-development-news-124/yelling-at-children-verbalabuse-648565.html
22–25
https://www.wikihow.com/ Deal-With-Emotional-Abuse-from-Your-Parents-(for-Adolescents)
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Credits Mobile App
Graphic Walls
Images Loading
Images Intro Primary Second Banner
prostooleh, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com fizkes, shutterstock.com Home freepik, freepik.com prostooleh, freepik.com Words prostooleh, freepik.com Matter vgstockstudio, freepik.com cala image, alamy,com freepik, freepik.com Connect jcomp, freepik.com freeograph, freepik.com tirachardz, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com javi_indy, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com jcomp, freepik.com freeograph, freepik.com tirachardz, freepik.com Journal Daria Shevtsova, pexels.com plush design studio, pexels.com Support vh-studio, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com Written Content https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/ what-is-verbal-abuse#abusevs-argument
prostooleh, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com Cover: freepik, freepik.com
Written Content Primary https://consumer.healthday.com/encyclopedia/children-s-health-10/ child-development-news-124/verbal-abuse-648565.html https://www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/child-abuse-and-neglect.htm https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/abuse/ would-you-recognize-verbal-abuse-heres-what-you-need-to-know/ https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/ what-is-verbal-abuse#abusevs-argument Second
https://urvashiphore.wordpress.com/2016/03/20/words-can-kill/
Tickets Images prostooleh, freepik.com freepik, freepik.com fizkes, shutterstock.com prostooleh, freepik.com
68
Our Mission: Reduce and heal invisible wounds from parental verbal abuse. For more information on the topic of parental verbal abuse, visit wordsmatter.com
Aijing (Ellie) Chen // GR 620 Visual Thinking // Summer 2019