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Virtual Panel #WorldATM
Collaborative Traffic Management in the Stratosphere — A Concept for Collaboration in High Altitude Operations Hosted by:
Abigail Glenn-Chase Director of Programming Air Traffic Control Association
#WorldATM
Moderated by:
David Hansell Global Head of Aviation Regulation and Policy Loon
Collaborative Traffic Management in the Stratosphere — A Concept for Collaboration in High Altitude Operations
#WorldATM
INDUSTRY VIEWS
Cooperative Traffic Management in the Stratosphere
SPACE
STRATOSPHERE
COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC
UTM
The FAA does not intend to provide traditional separation services in upper E, once vehicles have reached altitude. Teri L. Bristol Chief Operating Officer, Air Traffic Organization
5
LEADING INDUSTRY VIEWS
SINCE 2016, THE STRATOSPHERIC COMMUNITY HAS BEEN COLLABORATING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN THE STRATOSPHERE (CTMS) Regulation
Research
Industry Cooperation
ICCAIA
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The FAA does not intend to provide traditional separation services in upper E, once vehicles have reached altitude. Teri L. Bristol Chief Operating Officer, Air Traffic Organization
8
The FAA does not intend to provide traditional separation services in upper E, once vehicles have reached altitude. Teri L. Bristol Chief Operating Officer, Air Traffic Organization
9
The FAA does not intend to provide traditional separation services in upper E, once vehicles have reached altitude. Teri L. Bristol Chief Operating Officer, Air Traffic Organization
10
The FAA does not intend to provide traditional separation services in upper E, once vehicles have reached altitude. Teri L. Bristol Chief Operating Officer, Air Traffic Organization
11
Dr. Parimal Kopardekar Director, NASA Aeronautics Research Institute April 30, 2020 World ATM Congress Virtual Panel: Collaborative Traffic Management in the Stratosphere
Upper Class E Traffic Management (ETM) • New types of operations − Hypersonic flight, reintroduction of supersonic passenger flights, and very slow or on-station long endurance flights • ATM scalability − Current manner of ATM service delivery cannot cost-effectively scale to meet the needs of the envisioned ETM environment − Current ATM services may not be desired in the ETM environment • Solutions are needed that − Scale beyond current ATM infrastructure and manpower resources − Promote shared situation awareness among Operators − Include Cooperative Separation and Provided Separation by ATC (where required)
Cooperative Separation in Uncontrolled Airspace
ETM Development Collaboration Industry Operational needs/use cases Cooperative sharing methods/architecture Right of way rules Equity of access rules & enforcement Participation in flight tests & demonstrations Readiness of technologies
FAA Subject matter expertise
NASA
Concept of operations
ETM research platform
Information requirements
Flight test planning & execution
Roles/responsibilities definition Integration & interoperability needs
Performance requirements for operations
• Cooperative • Digital • Intent-sharing • Service-oriented architecture • Third-party services • Managed by exception
Next Steps ConOps Development Collaborative Tabletops (April & December 2019)
Architecture Development
Performance Modeling Connectivity Testing
Collaborative Simulation Live Flight Demonstration
Summaries of collaborative tabletops are at https://nari.arc.nasa.gov/
Connect People The FAA doesEverywhere not intend to provide traditional
separation services in upper E, once vehicles have reached altitude. Teri L. Bristol Chief Operating Officer, Air Traffic Organization
17
TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS
1M+ HOURS OF FLIGHT EXPERIENCE ACROSS THE GLOBE
1M+
FLIGHT HOURS SINCE 2013
HISTORICAL FLIGHT PATHS 2018–2019
350K 40M+ 300+
FLIGHT HOURS (2019)
NAVIGATED KILOMETERS
DAYS RECORD FLIGHT DURATION
10-14-2019 18:48:13 PM UTC
TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS
SAFELY FLOWN AND DECONFLICTED LARGE FLEETS
25+
VEHICLES LOCAL FLEET SIZE
75+
VEHICLE AIRBORNE SIMULTANEOUSLY BILATERAL DECONFLICTION AGREEMENTS
Loon Proprietary
LOON PROPRIETARY
LOON IS A TRADEMARK OF LOON LLC. COPYRIGHT © 2020 LOON LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
MANAGING A COMPLEX AND DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT
EXPANDED FROM UTM PRINCIPLES TO MANAGE STRATOSPHERE SPECIFICS ❏ Federated DSS enables discovery and synchronisation ❏ Operators exchange 4D intents and time dependent performance characteristics. ❏ Intents may be a rolling window in the near future (few hours). They may be updated frequently while airborne (possibly on a minute basis) ❏ 4D intents may be probabilistic and contain probability information. ❏ PSSs alert operators at appropriate timing on conflicts that need resolution: based on intents, performance, and risk assessment. ❏ Operators negotiate conflict resolution based on mission, constraints and performance. ❏ Deconfliction Flight Level set tactically by ANSPs enables safe collaboration below FL600 (above FL500)
WORK IN PROGRESS
TIMELINE Safety Work
NASA/FAA Simulations
TCLs (Draft)
Operators have SMS in place
Summer 2020
Spring 2021 - TCL1
●
Fall 2020 ● White paper on risk/performance based framework for CTMS
Fall 2020 ● Real time simulation including interactions with ANSP
Early 2021 ● White paper on Human Automation Teaming
Spring 2021 ●
ICAO Performance based Guidance Material for unmanned free balloons
Fast time simulations with multiple operators and craft types
Early 2021 ●
Draft FAA CONOPs
Spring 2021 ●
Joint operational demonstration
● Is CTMS safe and efficient in a low risk environment limited to slow moving unmanned vehicles, at altitude ● Can CTMS make use of unused class A airspace
Spring 2022 - TCL2
● Is CTMS safe & efficient in a medium risk environment. ● Are transition through class A safe and efficient ● Can manned aviation / traditional ATM coexist with CTMS
Spring 2023+ - TCL3+ ●
Can future transports rely on CTMS
Collaborative Traffic Management in the Stratosphere Max Fenkell Director, Unmanned and Emerging Aviation Technologies Aerospace Industries Association
Aerospace Industries Association ▪
AIA represents more than 300 manufacturers and government service providers
▪
We provide a forum for industry-wide collaboration on government policy issues, manufacturing standards, and advocacy efforts
▪
AIA’s Emerging Technology Committee looks at enabling a regulatory framework so that platforms will be able to operate from surface to space
▪
Work accomplished by strategic partnerships between industry, FAA, NASA, ICAO and others
4/28/2020
AIA-AEROSPACE.ORG
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Focus on Stratospheric Operations
Reports and Publications •
Think Bigger (2018)
•
What’s Next for Aerospace & Defense: A Vision for 2050 (2019)
International Efforts •
ICCAIA working paper to ICAO Air Navigation Conference
•
ICCAIA working paper to ICAO Assembly
•
Industry CONOPS which were later presented at ICAO Drone Enable
Working Groups and Strategic Partnerships •
Coordinating industry work with FAA, NASA, and other government agencies
•
AIA Airspace Working Group
4/28/2020
AIA-AEROSPACE.ORG
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Key Themes Driving Industry Work
• Traffic management solutions will be similar to UAS Traffic Management (UTM) • International focus is critical • Many different vehicle types highlight need for cooperation between all users— both civil and defense • Operations are a part of the greater aviation ecosystem
4/28/2020
AIA-AEROSPACE.ORG
25
Thank you
Thank you for joining us. Visit our website for more! www.worldatmcongress.org
Virtual Panel #WorldATM
BACKUP
CTMS - STRATEGIC DECONFLICTION BASED ON CRAFT PERFORMANCE & INTENT Future Transport t8
t7 Station Keeping Solar Hale
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CONSTANT REPLAN & UPDATE
CTMS RELIES ON RISK BASED FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING CONFLICTS & APPROPRIATE TIMEFRAME ARE INTENTS TOO CLOSE ?
WELL CLEAR TOLERANCE DEPENDENT ON PERFORMANCE OF BOTH VEHICLES
IS THE CONFLICT WORTH RESOLVING NOW ?
CONFLICT SEVERITY RATING
Too Close ?
TIME HORIZON OF CONFLICT CONFLICT PROBABILITY CONFLICT RESOLUTION TIME & VEHICLES’ MANEUVERABILITY LOSS OF SEPARATION SEVERITY
Too unlikely ? Too far in future?
NON-LINEAR TRAJECTORIES
CTMS WILL ADD PROBABILITIES TO INTENTS UTM
Current pos
Current pos
100 %
t
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Present (current pos)
t2
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t2
Forecast (predicted at time t)
t3
CTMS
CONSTANT REPLAN & UPDATE
4D INTENT OVERLAP IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO ENSURE EFFICIENT AIRSPACE USAGE
Balloon (probabilistic trajectory)
Other vehicle (Precise trajectory)
Conflict ? Balloon actual position data
T
T+1
Present Intents (predicted at time t)
T+2
At a 2h Horizon the probabilistic intents can be Thousands of square nautical miles in surface and 10’000ft in altitude
CONSTANT REPLAN & UPDATE
4D INTENT OVERLAP IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO ENSURE EFFICIENT AIRSPACE USAGE
Balloon (probabilistic trajectory)
Non-deterministic intents grow in size with future. Example for Loon: at 2h horizon:
Actual path
●
Intent surface area average may average to 1200 NM2 (equivalent to 19NM radius circle)
●
Intent altitude reservation may average 6000 ft
Other vehicle (Precise trajectory)
T
T+1
T+2 Updated Intents (predicted at time T+2)
A NEW INDUSTRY
CTMS - HIGH LEVEL ARCHITECTURE
Operator 1 Intents & vehicle performance characteristics
Conflict resolution
Conflicts to resolve
Platform Service Supplier 1 (PSS)
CAAs / ANSPs
Operator 3
Operator 2
COMMAND & CONTROL FLEET MGT CONFLICT RESOLUTION GEOSTATIONARY 35,786 KM
Standard protocol operations detail exchange
Platform Service Supplier 2 (PSS)
STRATEGIC CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION & AIRSPACE AWARENESS
Standard protocols for discovery and synchronisation
National Security organisations DISCOVERY & SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICE NODES (DSS)
AIRSPACE CONSISTENCY
ALIGNED WITH REMOTE ID - ASTM STD
DSS - DISCOVERY & SYNCHRONISATION SERVICE Decentralized (federated) Globally Consistent and Redundant Infrastructure that: ●
●
DISCOVERY & SYNCHRONISATION SERVICE
DSSs
Airspace representation
Informs PSS on which parties need to exchange information
1 Discoverable
Ensure consistency/synchronisation in the deconfliction process
PSS with data other PSSs Need
Make
4
Subscription Notifications
3 Get Details DATA EXCHANGE PROTOCOL
2
Discover (1-time request or subscriptions)
OtherPSS PSSs Other that Other PSS that that need data need needdata data
Accessing Airspace Below FL600 is critical for HAPS
CTMS - DECONFLICTION FLIGHT LEVEL ADJUSTED TACTICALY BY THE ANSP COLLABORATIVE AIRSPACE
Class A boundary
Deconfliction Flight Level May be adjusted tactically CONTROLLED AIRSPACE