AISL Inclusive Toolkit

INCLUSIVE SHOOTING TOOLKIT TIPS AND TOOLS FOR INCLUDING PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY IN SHOOTING

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DISABILITY POLICY Preamble Australian International Shooting Limited supports the rights of people with disabilities to be involved in all facets of shooting including full and equitable participation from grass roots to the elite level. It recognises its social and legal obligations to provide an accessible and inclusive environment for people with disabilities. Australian International Shooting Limited is bound by the Commonwealth Disability Discrimination Act 1992 and will act in accordance with the spirit and requirements of the legislation.

Australian International Shooting Limited is committed to creating pathways for athletes with a disability by breaking down the barriers to participation within the sport of shooting through the use of policy development, coach and administrator education, development programs, partnerships and promotion.

Policy 1. Australian International Shooting Limited will take reasonable steps to identify and eliminate unlawful direct, indirect, and systemic discrimination from its structures and practices and will ensure that people with disabilities are afforded reasonable opportunity to participate in all aspects of shooting.

2. All Australian International Shooting Limited employees and volunteers will, within their areas of responsibility, take reasonable steps to remove any barriers which exist to programs and services, and the physical, social, and virtual environment in accordance with the Disability Action Plan for Shooting in Australia.

3. Australian International Shooting Limited will provide reasonable assistance to people with disabilities to gain access to its programs and services.

4. Where appropriate, Australian International Shooting Limited will provide modified rules and practices to ensure that people with disabilities can successfully participate in all aspects of shooting.

5. People with disabilities who require services or adjustments have a responsibility to provide timely and appropriate information which assists Australian International Shooting Limited to fulfil its obligations.

6. This policy will be regularly evaluated and revised using consultative mechanisms and practices to maintain relevant continuous improvement in programs, services and facilities for people with disabilities.

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INCLUSIVE SHOOTING TOOLKIT 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4

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TIPS AND TOOLS FOR INCLUDING 7PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY6 IN SHOOTING 5 4 3

JULY 2011 2 1

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CONTENTS

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Foreword

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Introduction

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About this toolkit

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What does being “inclusive” mean?

What are the benefits of being inclusive?

What are the barriers to inclusion?

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How can we better include people with a disability in shooting?

The importance of attitude Knowing what to say or do Myths and stereotypes Accessibility – what does it mean? Is your club accessible?

Communicating effectively with people with a disability Adapting and modifying activities for people with a disability Types of inclusion of people with a disability Competition options and rules Classification for International Paralympic Committee shooting events Equipment for shooters with a disability Pathways for people with a disability in Australian shooting sports Funding for shooters with a disability Where to go for further information or advice

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Summary and conclusion

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Appendices Appendix 1 – Accessibility audit checklist Appendix 2 – Inclusion tips for: coaches, administrators, officials and volunteers, members, parents and carers, potential members with a disability Appendix 3 – Modified equipment suppliers

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FOREWORD Australian International Shooting Limited (AISL) is recognised as the peak body for target shooting sports in Australia and is responsible for the promotion and coordination of target shooting sports within Australia.

AISL is comprised of five full Member organisations (Australian Clay Target Association, Field and Game Federation of Australia, National Rifle Association of Australia, Pistol Australia, Target Rifle Australia). Together, these Member organisations offer recreational and competitive opportunities in target shooting using rifles, pistols and shotguns.

AISL is committed to providing participation and competition opportunities for people of all ages and abilities throughout Australia. As part of this, AISL aims to redress barriers to participation for people with a disability and create transparent pathways for their participation and progression through the sport.

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This Inclusive Shooting Toolkit is designed to help people and organisations at all levels and roles within Australian shooting – i.e., clubs, State and Territory Associations, Member organisations, athletes, coaches, officials, administrators and competition organisers facilitate the inclusion of people with a disability at all levels and roles within shooting.

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Mrs. Cheryl Arnol President – Australian International Shooting Limited

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INTRODUCTION People with a disability want to get involved in shooting for the same reasons as anyone else - to spend time with friends and meet new people, develop new skills, compete against others, and so on. Additionally, there are a range of benefits for all concerned, including people with a disability in shooting. Oftentimes, however, there are barriers that prevent or limit the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting.

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Australian International Shooting Limited (AISL) supports the rights of people with disabilities to be involved in all facets of shooting including full and equitable participation from grass roots to the elite level. It recognises its social and legal obligations to provide an accessible and inclusive environment for people with disabilities. AISL is bound by the Commonwealth Disability Discrimination Act 1992 and will act in accordance with the spirit and requirements of the legislation.

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AISL is committed to creating pathways for people with a disability by breaking down the barriers to participation within the sport of shooting through the use of policy development, coach and administrator education, development programs, partnerships and promotion.

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More specifically, AISL aims to: Provide people with disabilities equal access to services and facilities.

Provide opportunities for people with disabilities to be involved and participate in Shooting.

Make available to people with disabilities a variety of options, from recreational to competitive, and from local to international standards.

Improve teaching, coaching and preparation of athletes with a disability.

Develop a network and structure, which will provide people with disabilities a sound direction to participate, compete and achieve.

Promote Shooting for people with a disability to increase the profile and community awareness.

Increase the number of participants in Shooting.

Encourage all clubs and associations to undertake or to be involved in programs for members with disabilities.

Ensure participants with disabilities are valued for their ability and skill level rather t than their disability.

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Nick Sullivan Chief Executive Officer Australian International Shooting Limited

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ABOUT THIS TOOLKIT

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What and who is it for?

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What’s in it?

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What does being “inclusive” mean?

How can we better include people with a disability in shooting?

Where to go for further information or advice How do you use it?

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What and who is it for?

People involved in sport, including shooting sports, are often very willing to include people with a disability in their activities but are often unsure as to how to go about doing so. The purpose of this resource is to provide shooting clubs, State and Territory Associations, Member organisations, administrators, coaches, officials, competition organisers and athletes (both able-bodied and disabled) with the information and tools that they might need to successfully include people with a disability in various roles and at various levels within Australian shooting.

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What’s in it?

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This toolkit is divided into six sections: Introduction About this toolkit What does being “inclusive” mean?

What are the barriers to inclusion?

How can we better include people with a disability in shooting?

Where to go for more information or advice

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Introduction

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This section outlines the rationale behind and the aims for AISL’s inclusion of people with a disability in Australian target shooting.

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About this toolkit

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This section explains what and who this toolkit is for; what it includes and how to use it.

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What does being “inclusive” mean?

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This section briefly outlines what being inclusive means. It also considers the benefits of being inclusive as well as the barriers that tend to prevent or limit the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting. If we don’t know what it is we are trying to achieve, then it’s a little difficult to identify the most appropriate strategies for achieving it. Further, if we don’t recognise the benefits of being inclusive, then we may not be motivated to be inclusive. Finally, if we understand the barriers to inclusion then we can identify appropriate strategies to overcome these barriers and better include people with a disability.

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How can we better include people with a disability in shooting?

This section provides information on some practical strategies that can be used to influence some of the barriers and improve the inclusion of people with disabilities in shooting.

Where to go for further information or advice This final section provides the contact details for some organisations that may be able to provide further information or advice if you need it. It also lists some potentially useful references.

How do you use it?

The intention is not that you read through this Toolkit from start to finish in one sitting (although you should feel free to do so if you feel the need). Moreover, the intention is that you familiarise yourself with the Toolkit contents so that if you or others you associate with require any information, tools or advice to facilitate the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting, then you know where to find it.

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WHAT DOES BEING ‘INCLUSIVE’ MEAN?

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What does being “inclusive” mean?

These days we often hear the word “inclusion” and we hear talk about the importance of “being inclusive”, but what does “inclusion” or “being inclusive” mean and why should we be inclusive? What are the benefits?

Being inclusive simply means adapting and modifying the practices we use and the activities we provide, where necessary, to ensure that every participant1 – regardless of age, gender, ability level, disability and ethnic background – is included and has the opportunity to maximise their potential because our practices and the activities we provide accommodate their particular needs.

Being inclusive is fundamental to being a good club, State or Territory Association, Member organisation, administrator, coach, official, competition organiser and athlete, and is no more than adopting a best practice approach to what we do.

What are the benefits of being inclusive?

Including people with a disability in shooting sports offers a range of benefits to organisations (i.e., clubs, State and Territory Associations, Member organisations) and individuals (i.e., athletes, coaches, officials, administrators and competition organisers).

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Benefits for your club, Association, shooting

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The inclusion of people with a disability may benefit clubs, Associations and shooting sports in the following ways: More members who can add a richness and diversity to the environment. Further, by making your club/Association/shooting sports more welcoming and more accessible to people with a disability you may also find that you make it easier for other (non-traditional shooting sports) people to join. For example: the provision of ramps for people using a wheelchair or other mobility aids may also assist mothers with prams, people recovering from injuries or older members. Clearer signage may make it easier for people with a vision impairment to use the facilities, as well as those who are new to the facility. An increase in members can also improve the “bottom line” – more participants equals more dollars.

More volunteers, from either the ‘new’ person or their family and friends.

Social benefits - opportunities to interact socially with people with a variety of life experiences and expand your own knowledge base. In addition, the ‘feel good’ value for other members can have a great influence on morale.

Re-invigoration of the club/Association/sport with ‘new blood’ and new ideas.

Promotion of your club/Association/shooting sports to the wider community, including local councils and prospective sponsors as being welcoming to all.

New training and competition opportunities.

Additional expertise in shooting, coaching, officiating, administration or event organisation and management.

Moral and legal obligations. Anti-discrimination and equal opportunity legislation obliges organisations to provide access for people with a disability. (See the Harassment and Discrimination section on the Australian Sports Commission’s website and, in particular, the fact sheet on disability discrimination: www.ausport.gov.au/supporting/ethics/harassment_and_discrimination/fact_sheets/ harrassment_and_discrimination/disability).

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1 THAT IS, EVERY PERSON WHO IS ELIGIBLE TO HOLD A FIREARMS LICENCE.

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Benefits for coaches, officials, administrators, competition organisers The inclusion of people with a disability in shooting sports provides the following benefits for coaches, officials, administrators and competition organisers: Skill development opportunities. It provides coaches, officials, administrators and competition organisers with an opportunity to learn to: adapt practices, programs, activities and equipment; develop better and varied communication skills; work with a wide range of individuals; be more flexible; think “outside the square” and cater for the needs of all participants.

Social benefits. It provides coaches, officials, administrators and competition organisers with an opportunity to interact socially with people with various life experiences, thus expanding their knowledge base.

Legal and ethical/moral obligations. It provides coaches, officials, administrators and competition organisers with an opportunity to fulfil legal, ethical and moral obligations under various Codes of Ethics and by law.

Benefits for people with a disability The inclusion of people with a disability in shooting sports provides people with a disability with the same benefits as any other person who gets involved in shooting. That is, an opportunity to: develop new skills, improve their health and fitness, increase self confidence, self esteem, and body image, increase motivation and increase social interaction (be with or make new friends).

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The inclusion of people with a disability in shooting sports may also make it easier for a person with a disability to assimilate into the general community, for example, following the acquisition of a disability. It also shows all members of the community what people with a disability can do, rather than can’t do and, may help dispel some of the myths and stereotypes about disability and break down some of the barriers often faced by someone with a disability.

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Benefits for other members The inclusion of people with a disability in shooting sports may benefit other members in the following ways: It may provide an opportunity for other members to get more involved in the club, for example, by being a `buddy’ for a person with a disability.

Many members may never have had little or no first-hand experience with a person with a disability. Seeing a person with a disability taking part in shooting activities can help people realise the falseness of the stereotypes that abound in this area. This is the first step in encouraging other participants to be accepting.

All members benefit from flexible programs and services and adaptable service delivery.

Inclusion of people with a disability may provide an opportunity for other members to learn from the diverse skills and experiences of others.

What are the barriers to inclusion?

While society is changing, it is still far more challenging for people with a disability to enjoy the same opportunities to participate in sport, recreation or physical activity than it is for people who are ablebodied.

If we are to successfully include people with a disability in shooting, then we need to identify the barriers that tend to prevent or limit their inclusion and determine which of these barriers we can influence in order to better include people with a disability in shooting.

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Barriers which may limit the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting include: Perceptions of the ability and desire of people with a disability to participate in shooting or about the difficulties or increased duty of care and legal liability in including people with a disability.

Negative attitudes towards new participants provide the biggest barrier and must be addressed if any program or activity is to succeed.

The cost of participation which may include costs associated with equipment and clothing as well as membership.

Timetabling of activities and competitions. Weekends or late at night may not be the best time to attract some people with a disability.

Inadequate advertising of activities or your club/Association/shooting sport in general. How can potential new members with a disability learn of the opportunities available to them?

Transport issues including the location of the venue, and a lack of accessible (physically and financially) and safe transport.

Inappropriate equipment and facilities, including lack of or limited physical accessibility at venues.

Lack of expertise in catering for people with a disability or specific types of disability. Some clubs/Associations may be wiling to include people from people with a disability but may not know how to go about it. Others may be comfortable with and able to include people with a specific type of disability (for example, those who are able to walk) but not others (those who need to use a wheelchair).

Lack of appropriate or appealing role models. Shooting does not generally receive much media attention. As a consequence, potential shooters with a disability may not even be aware that they could get involved. What could you do to broaden this perception?

Inflexibility and the traditional model of how shooting should be performed.

Shooting events have been performed in a similar fashion for many years. If you want to attract people with a disability, then you need to be innovative and flexible. Really focus in on the goal of your club/Association and be innovative on how you reach this goal. For example, if the goal of your club/Association is to grow membership then be creative about how you involve new people and groups. If the need to stand and hold a firearm steady is an issue for some people, then consider some alternative competition events that may be attractive (e.g., air rifle supported events or benchrest competitions in target rifle shooting). If transport, venue accessibility or transport and space are an issue, then why not consider holding some events at an alternative venue? In both cases, these participants could still be members of your club or Association, just participate in an alternative type of event or at an alternative venue.

Restrictive rules and regulations, including the use of modified equipment or shooting positions. Many clubs/Associations strictly adopt the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) rules. Consider alternatives to this, such as allowing the use of modified equipment (for example, the use of a stand/spring or shooting chair and/or table so that participants can be included.

Inability to participate in shooting because of the person’s impairment.

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HOW CAN WE BETTER INCLUDE PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY IN SHOOTING?

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The importance of attitude

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Knowing what to say and do

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Myths and stereotypes

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How can we better include people with a disability in shooting?

Many of the potential barriers to the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting can be influenced to greater or lesser extent. In any given situation, this influence may have a profound effect on the participation of people with a disability in shooting. For example: We can address inaccurate perceptions and negative attitudes with training and education.

We can reduce fees, provide transport (or hold competitions at venues which have good public transport) and fix or bypass physical access difficulties.

We can empower people with confidence, knowledge and skills in the area.

We can modify rules and regulations (for example, about the use of modified equipment or shooting positions) and/or provide alternative competition events that better meet the needs of a group of participants.

Importantly, disability itself does not create a barrier to the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting . The barriers faced by people with a disability in shooting are created by external factors – for example, people’s perceptions and attitudes, the accessibility of clubrooms and ranges, the way we communicate, the way it is coached/officiated/administered, the way competitions are structured and/or regulated, the equipment or other resources that are used, and the pathways and funding that are available to support inclusion. The barriers to inclusion are not a person’s impairment. So, if we change these external factors – i.e., our perceptions and attitudes and the way we do things – then we can better include people with a disability in shooting2.

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Unfortunately, to date the focus has often been on the person and their impairment and how we need to adjust the person to fit into shooting activities and requirements that are, at present, unsuitable for some people with a disability. The good news is that, we are able to influence many factors that can have a profound effect on the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting.

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This next section outlines some practical strategies that can be used to influence various barriers and improve the inclusion of people with disabilities in shooting.

The importance of attitude The single most important requirement for successfully including people with a disability in anything, including shooting sports, is a positive, “can do” attitude. If you believe that something is possible or want something to happen, then generally you will find a way of making it happen. If, on the other hand, you don’t believe something is possible or don’t want it to happen, then an immediate barrier is created and you may not even look for a way to make it happen.

Unfortunately, when many people hear the word “disability”, they automatically think of disability in negative terms – for example, what can’t be done, instead of what can be done. This has the effect of limiting the opportunities that are made available for and accessed by people with a disability.

It is important to understand that there are not many things that a person with a disability cannot

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do, it’s just that sometimes there is a need to find a different way of doing them, compared to someone who is able-bodied. If you believe that a person is willing and able to get involved and you want them to be involved, then you can generally find (or work with them to help them find) a way of including them. Sometimes this will involve adapting and modifying the way we do things to enable inclusion, at other times, no adaptations or modifications will be required.

NOTE Sometimes it is the person with a disability themselves – or their carer (if they have one) or friends or family – who think that inclusion is not possible – either due to a lack of confidence, a lack of experience or opportunity to try, or because they believe or have been told that it is not possible. Given this, sometimes we need to help them see what is possible. By doing so, you can open a whole new world for them.

Knowing what to say and do People who have had little or no involvement with people with a disability will sometimes avoid getting involved with people with a disability because they don’t know what to say or do. They are afraid they might say or do the wrong thing or that special skills or knowledge are required, so instead, they say and do nothing. These are quite natural, but totally unnecessary responses.

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This next section is aimed at helping people overcome these concerns.

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Terminology - knowing what to say

The words we use when talking about disability tends to shape and reflect our thoughts, beliefs and feelings about disability. Some words degrade and diminish people with a disability, others do not. The language that has been customarily used to denote disabilities has been condemnatory, judgmental or couched in medical jargon. Perhaps the most dangerous misuse of language in describing people with a disability has been to dehumanise the individual by labelling the person as the disability itself, for example, a ‘quad’ (someone who is quadriplegic) or a ‘spastic’ (someone who has cerebral palsy) or a ‘blinkie’ (someone who is blind or has a vision impairment) or a ‘wheelie’ (someone who uses a wheelchair).

Terminology about disability has changed over the years, in different countries, and even in different parts of the same country. These days, terminology tends to convey a social/functional meaning (such as wheelchair user) rather than a medical one (such as paraplegic).

There are no hard and fast rules when talking about disability. These days, ‘person-first’ terminology is the accepted norm in Australia; that is, referring to the person first (i.e., person with a disability, person who is blind, people with a disability) rather than their disability first (i.e., disabled person, blind person, disabled people or the disabled, etc.). However, the most important thing is that the words used show respect for the person (and the individual), imply dignity and do not categorise someone because of their impairment.

Similarly, people shouldn’t get too hung up with the words they use to describe an activity (for example, avoid using the words “going for a walk” when speaking to someone who uses a wheelchair). People who use a wheelchair will often use the same words themselves and generally won’t be upset if you do.

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Guidelines for the portrayal of people with a disability have been put together by the Community Disability Alliance in Queensland (see table below).

Guidelines for the portrayal of people with a disability Words to watch and/or avoid

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Abnormal, subnormal — negative terms that imply failure to reach perfection

Specify the disability

Afflicted with — most people with disabilities do not see themselves as afflicted

Say the ‘person has’ (the disability)

Birth defect — also congenital defect, deformity

Say the ‘person with a disability since birth’ or ‘person with a congenital disability’

Blind (the) — visually impaired (the)

Say the ‘person who is blind’ or ‘person with a vision impairment’

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Confined to a wheelchair, wheelchair-bound — a wheelchair provides mobility, not restriction

Say ‘uses a wheelchair’ or is a ‘wheelchair user’

Cripple, crippled — these terms convey a negative image of a twisted ugly body

Say ‘has a physical or mobility disability’

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Deaf (the)

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Only appropriate when referring to the community; say ‘the person who is deaf’

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Deaf and dumb — inability to hear and speak and does not imply an intellectual disability

Say ‘hearing impaired’ — lack of speech usually results from impaired hearing

Disabled (the)

Say ‘people with a disability’ or ‘the disability community’

Defective, deformed — degrading terms

Specify the disability

Dwarf — negative connotation

Say ‘little’ or ‘short-statured person’

Epileptic

Say ‘person with epilepsy’

Fit, attack, spell

Say ‘seizure’

Handicapped

Say ‘person with a disability’ unless referring to an environmental or attitudinal barrier

Insane, also lunatic, maniac, mental patient, neurotic, psycho

Say ‘person with a psychiatric disability’ or specific condition

Invalid

Say ‘person with a disability’

Mentally retarded, also defective, feeble-minded, imbecile, moron, retarded — offensive and inaccurate

Say ‘person with an intellectual disability’

Mongol — outdated and derogatory

Say ‘has Down Syndrome’

Patient — only used in context of doctor–patient relationship in hospital

Say ‘person with a disability’

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Words Words to to watch watch and/or and/or avoid avoid

Acceptable alternatives Acceptable alternatives

Physically/intellectually/vertically challenged, differently abled — ridiculous euphemisms for disability

Say ‘person with a disability’

Spastic — usually refers to a person with cerebral palsy

Say ‘person with a disability’

Suffers from, stricken with — not all people with disabilities actually suffer

Say ‘person with a disability’

Vegetative, vegetable — offensive and degrading

Say ‘in a coma’ or ‘unconscious’

Victim — people with disabilities are not necessarily victims and prefer not to be perceived as such

Say ‘has a disability’

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NOTE For tips on communicating effectively with people with particular types of

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disability (for example, people who are blind or have a vision impairment or people who are deaf or have a hearing impairment) see pages 22 – 23.

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Knowing what to do

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Successfully including people with a disability does not necessarily require special skills or knowledge about disability3, the most important requirement for successfully including people with a disability is having an open, “can do” mind. The second most important requirement is being good at your particular role (i.e., employing a best practice approach and strategies); and patient and willing to adapt and modify activities, where necessary, to meet the needs of the individual. More specifically, the key qualities and skills required for effectively including people with a disability include:

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Qualities: patience — recognising that some people will take longer to develop skills or make progress than others. respect — acknowledging difference and treating all people as individuals. adaptability — having a flexible approach to their role (i.e., coaching, officiating, administrating, etc.) and communication that recognises individual differences.

Skills: organisation — recognising the importance of preparation and planning. safe practices — ensuring that every session, whether with groups or individuals, is carried out with the participant’s safety in mind. knowledge — possessing the ability to utilise knowledge of appropriate practices and how to modify them in order to maximise the potential of every participant.

The duty of care and legal responsibilities of clubs, Associations and the people who undertake the various roles within clubs and Associations (i.e. coaches, officials, administrators, etc.) when working with people with a disability is the same as for people who are able-bodied.

3 PEOPLE WHO ARE GOOD AT THEIR VARIOUS ROLES WILL PICK THIS INFORMATION UP AS THEY WORK WITH A PARTICULAR PERSON OR PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY, JUST AS THEY MIGHT LEARN MORE ABOUT ANY PERSON WHO THEY HAPPEN TO WORK WITH.

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Myths and stereotypes If we are to promote positive attitudes towards the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting, then we need to overcome the many myths and stereotypes relating to disability because it is these myths and stereotypes that handicap people with a disability in our community. The following tables cover some common myths and stereotypes about disability in general and people with a disability in sport and shooting.

General myths and stereotypes about disability Words Myth to watch and/or avoid

Acceptable alternatives Reality

Disability is a tragedy that dominates the person’s life and makes satisfaction and fulfilment impossible.

Often disability does not dominate a person’s life.

Each individual finds their way of adapting.

Many people with disabilities have special gifts.

The range of abilities is the same as in the general population.

People with disabilities are less reliable workers and take more sick leave than other workers.

Research indicates that people with disabilities take fewer sick days.

All people with spinal cord injuries have similar limitations and use wheelchairs.

Disability depends on the level of impairment. Generally, the higher the level that damage occurs on the spinal cord, the greater the ensuing disability.

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People with disabilities lead vastly different lives from others.

People with disabilities go to school, get jobs, get married, pay taxes and generally do the same things as people who are able-bodied.

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Deaf people are mute and cannot communicate.

Being deaf does not mean that a person cannot make vocal sounds. People who are deaf communicate using a variety of techniques.

Most people with disabilities are sick and frail.

Like others, most people with disabilities are well most of the time.

People who have a vision impairment possess high levels of sensitivity in other senses.

High acuteness of other senses is not inborn in people with vision impairment but may develop with practise by some people.

Most people with cerebral palsy are intellectually impaired.

People with cerebral palsy show the range of intellectual capacity found in the general population.

All shooters with a disability receive funding to participate in shooting.

Some shooters with a disability may receive some funding to participate in shooting, just as some shooters who are able-bodied may receive some funding. However, most fund themselves as do most shooters who are able-bodied. No shooter with a disability has all of their shooting costs funded.

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Acceptable alternatives Reality

Shooters with a disability can access equipment for free.

In most cases, shooters with a disability have to pay for their equipment, just as most shooters who are able-bodied have to.

People with a disability have an unfair advantage when competing in shooting events because of the modified equipment or rules that they are allowed to have.

Rule modifications, including equipment, have been introduced for shooters with a disability because the nature of their disability prevents them from shooting according to the rules developed for ablebodied shooters. The rule modifications allow them to compete on an equal footing, they do not give shooters with a disability an unfair advantage.

Disability means having to you use a wheelchair.

Shooters with a wide range of disabilities (for example, paraplegia, quadriplegia, cerebral palsy, brain injury, amputations or other limb deficiencies, vision impairment, hearing impairment) participate in shooting. Only some of them use a wheelchair.

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People with a disability need lots of special equipment and perfect venue access in order to be included.

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People with a disability may or may not require modified equipment to compete in shooting. It depends on the nature of their disability and what they are/are not able to do. In terms of access, the most important thing is that shooters with a disability (indeed any shooter) feel welcome. There is no value in having ramps and accessible parking that allows people with a disability to gain access to an organisation, if once they are there, nobody talks to them or makes them feel welcome. Most people with a disability will find a way to get in if they feel welcome.

You shouldn’t ask a person with a disability what they can or can’t do, as they might be upset or embarrassed by this.

The best way to determine what a shooter with a disability (indeed any shooter) can or can’t do is by asking. By doing so, you can ensure that their needs are met. Shooters will not be upset or embarrassed by this, they will generally be glad you thought to ask and considered their needs.

All shooters with a disability require assistance.

Not every person with a disability requires assistance.

Some do, some don’t. Generally it depends on the nature and severity of their disability and the strategies that they are able to use in the shooting environment. In the competition environment, the assistance that a shooter with a disability is allowed depends on their classification and is stipulated in the International Paralympic Committee Shooting Rules and Regulations (www.ipc-shooting.org/Rules/)

Duty of care responsibilities increase if people with a disability are included in shooting activities.

The duty of care responsibilities when including people with a disability are exactly the same as when including people who are able-bodied.

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ACCESSIBILITY, Y, WHAT DOES IT MEAN? IS YOUR CLUB ACCESSIBLE??

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What is accessibility?

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Strategies to improve access

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Are people made to feel welcome?

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What is accessibility?

Having an accessible club is much more than having disabled parking and ramps or being close to public transport (i.e., being physically accessible). People with a disability need to feel that they are wanted and valued within a club, rather than just being a token gesture or a charity case. They also need to be able to afford the costs of being involved. Some people with a disability work, some do not.

Are people with a disability wanted?

There is no value in having ramps and accessible parking that allows people with a disability to gain access to a club, if once they are there, nobody talks to them or makes them feel welcome. Most people with a disability will find a way to get in if they feel welcome. So it is more important to ensure that existing member attitudes are receptive and inviting before allocating resources on physical items that may never be used.

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Are people made to feel welcome?

People with a disability need to feel they are contributing in some way to the club — either as financial members or through their competition efforts or their administrative expertise. Other members need to see value in including people with a disability or they may begrudge the resources allocated to catering for this group. Members who are able-bodied may feel awkward talking to, or being involved with, people with a disability. It may be necessary to have some form of orientation or education workshop for existing members to make them feel at ease in interacting with new members with a disability.

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Is the physical environment welcoming?

Physical access involves more than a ramp and accessible toilets. There are areas to consider such as flooring, signage, lighting and parking. While a fully accessible venue is ideal, organisations that start addressing some areas are well on their way to greatly increasing access for all.

Are their voices heard?

All members of clubs need to feel that their opinions are valued. Some people with a disability have more difficulty communicating their thoughts than other members.

Clubs should identify mechanisms by which members with a disability can express their thoughts. Furthermore, their opinions should be considered and given the same weight as the opinions of any other member of the club.

Conduct an access audit How accessible is your club? How welcoming would your club be (or is your club) to people with a disability? Would there be some realistic limitations that some people with a disability might face, and what might your club do to help overcome them? The audit process does not have to be expensive, long or complex. Appendix 1 contains an accessibility audit that you could use to assess the accessibility of your club.

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Strategies to improve access Attitudes of club members Club members’ attitudes towards the inclusion of people with a disability are critical. If a club’s general membership is unwilling to accept people with a disability, or if suitable access relies on a key person, then it is unlikely that the club will ever be truly accessible.

For this reason, one of the primary objectives may be to educate the membership as to the benefits of involving people with a disability. This might involve including an article in the club newsletter, having an individual with a disability address members or conducting a demonstration event. Usually, the first person with a disability to join a club paves the way for others, so a club’s initial attempts should be directed at people with a disability who are willing to accept the fact that there may be some early resistance from some members.

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Orientation Every new member needs some introduction to a club and its operations. This can be even more important in the case of people with a disability. Clubs should prepare a structured orientation process that helps new members to fit in and feel comfortable as quickly as possible. It should also be a mechanism for identifying if a person needs extra support.

Orientations may involve, for example, introducing key members, touring the facilities, explaining codes of conduct and safety and emergency procedures, and allocating a parking space and/or locker.

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Fitting in Most clubs have unwritten laws, informal lines of communication and acceptable behaviour practices. These need to be explained to new members. For some people with a disability, it is useful to assign a buddy who can show them the ropes and assist with the orientation process.

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Physical accessibility Depending on the potential member’s type of disability, the club may have to modify some of its environment. This may entail installing a ramp or handrail, putting padding on sharp edges, making some items more visible, varying some communication practices and so on.

Illustrate this point with anecdotes, for example a person with a hearing impairment may need to have the coach use a small whiteboard to illustrate and write some instructions.

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COMMUNICATING C CO EFFECTIVELY WITH PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY

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General tips for communicating with people with a disability

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Non-verbal communication People who use a wheelchair People with vision, hearing and cognitive impairment

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Communicating in a positive way conveys a positive attitude — this is crucial to the success of inclusion Communicating with people with a disability is no different to communicating with people who are able-bodied. The most important thing is the ability to listen to the individual’s needs and not prejudge their requirements.

General tips for communicating with people with a disability Speak to the person in an age-appropriate manner. For example, if the person is an adult, speak to them using the same tone you would use when normally addressing an adult.

Speak to the person, not to their coach, friend or assistant. Assume that people can speak for themselves (try to avoid the ‘Does he take sugar?’ syndrome).

If you want to know what help or assistance a person with a disability needs, ask them! They are best qualified to tell you what they need. If they can manage by themselves, they will soon let you know.

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Non-verbal communication Remember, people with a disability may not always ‘talk’ in order to communicate. Some people write messages, or use computerised systems, symbols, sign language, gestures or eye movements.

Approach the individual — they will guide you if they use a non-verbal form of communication. Just be willing to try.

Watch a person’s body language and try to respond to any non-verbal cues.

Begin and end conversations just as you would with anyone else.

Use all of your communication skills — visual and verbal — and back these up with positive body language and facial expressions. A smile relaxes both you and the person with whom you are communicating.

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People who use a wheelchair When talking to a person in a wheelchair, try to get on eye level with them by sitting in a chair yourself, or squatting or kneeling beside them.

Remember that a person’s wheelchair is considered part of their personal space. Do not touch or lean on their chair unless invited to do so.

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People who have a vision impairment When meeting people who are blind or who have a vision impairment, address them by name and always introduce yourself by name. Similarly, if you are leaving a conversation, let them know you are leaving.

Ask them how much they can see. Many people with vision impairments have a degree of vision — only a small minority are totally blind. Standing in a particular position, for example, directly in front of them or to one side, may suit their visual range or acuity.

If you are giving directions, visual instructions supported by clear verbal information may be useful.

If a person with a vision impairment requests manual guidance, wait for them to take your arm or elbow, and then walk beside them, slightly in front, where they can sense changes in direction. As you move, give verbal information about the surface you are walking on — steps or slopes, gaps or doors — ensuring that the person you are assisting has time to react to the changes.

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People who have a hearing impairment Communication with a person who has a hearing impairment will be enhanced if you ensure that you are standing where they can clearly see your face. This will help if they use lip-reading to support their communication. Avoid standing with the sun or bright light behind you — it throws your face into shadow.

Speak clearly without shouting, and with normal inflection.

Attract the person’s attention before speaking to them or else they may not realise you are talking to them. A tap on the shoulder from the front or a wave in their peripheral vision is acceptable.

Be prepared to move to a quieter location if the person with whom you are communicating has trouble hearing or understanding you.

People who have a cognitive impairment When talking to a person who has a cognitive impairment, keep your explanations brief and clear, and check that they have understood what you have told them. There are many different kinds of learning disabilities, and each person’s degree of comprehension will vary greatly.

Talk to people using an age-appropriate tone of voice. Simplifying the language used does not necessarily mean treating adults like children. Use short, simple sentence structure.

Communication is a two-way street. Be patient and give people the opportunity to explain what information or assistance they require, keeping in mind that some people may need more time in which to express themselves.

Ask the person to repeat themselves if you do not understand. Do not guess — it is more embarrassing when you get it wrong!

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Contact For more information, see the Australian Sports Commission’s publication Give it a Go!: including people with disabilities in sport and physical activity and other resources at www.ausport.gov.au/dsu/resources.asp.

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From: Australian Sports Commission Disability Sport Unit (DSU) Fact Sheet Communicating effectively with people with a disability - www.ausport.gov.au/disability

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ADAPTING AND MODIFYING ACTIVITIES FOR PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY 1

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Being inclusive means adapting and modifying your approach The golden rules for inclusion

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Being inclusive means adapting and modifying your approach and activities to ensure that every participant - regardless of age, gender, ability level, disability, ethnic background or geographical location - has the opportunity to participate if they choose to.

A resource such as this cannot address the specific needs of every individual. Everyone is different and the ways in which you adapt or modify your approach or activities to successfully accommodate individual needs will vary. Ultimately, you will need to combine the knowledge gained from this resource with your own skills and experience to successfully include all participants. The following golden rules for inclusion are provided to assist you in this endeavour:

1. Respect - Acknowledge and respect difference and treat all participants as individuals. When working with people with a disability, indeed anyone, always consider the “person first” (rather than their disability). Respect for each individual is paramount.

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to gain a better insight into the person’s position and requirements; be prepared to negotiate in relation to these requirements so that the integrity of the Program/activities is maintained; and be receptive to differing body-language approaches. To help ensure that activities or processes are implemented effectively, consider the following: Environment - Can all the participants see and hear you? Are there any distractions in the background?

Physical - Do all the participants have good vision and hearing?

Intellectual - Can all the participants understand what you are saying? How long can the participants pay attention?

Background - Do all the participants speak English? Are there terms you use that might be specific to your region? Could there be specific cultural considerations?

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3. Adaptability - Be prepared to modify your approach and activities in order to maximise the potential of every participant.

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4. Organisation - Recognise the importance of preparation and planning for inclusion.

5. Safety - Provide a welcoming environment that is physically safe (the welfare and health of participants is paramount) and psychologically safe (no discrimination). Remember, shooting activities may not be familiar to new participants, so there is a need to outline inherent dangers and aspects of shooting.

6. Never make assumptions about what a participant or group: can or can’t do, thinks or feels – work with the participants or group to determine their specific needs and how to best cater for those needs.

7. Four essential elements of an activity can be modified. They are the TREE elements of: a. Teaching (or Coaching/Communication) style (i.e., the way you present ideas to or communicate with the group – e.g., your use of visual versus auditory cues and demonstrations versus descriptions; the complexity of the language you use, etc.) b. Rules (i.e., the way an activity must be completed – e.g., completing a task in writing versus verbally) c. Equipment (i.e., the equipment used to conduct an activity) d. Environments (i.e., the area in which an activity is completed – the surface, space, light/shade/ contrast, temperature, noise)

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8. Only change an activity when it needs to be changed.

9. Only change the part of the activity that needs to be changed for as long as it needs to be changed – you may only need to change a small aspect of an activity; further, changes do not need to be permanent – some can be phased out over time.

10. Introduce activity changes slowly — one at a time — and take time to reflect on the change/s made (i.e., ‘Is it allowing the person to be included?’ ‘Is the integrity of the activity being affected?’

‘What effect, if any, is this having on the rest of the group?’).

11. In making any adaptations or modifications to an activity, always maintain the integrity of the activity. In other words, never change the activity so much that it becomes something else (i.e., is no longer helping develop or assess the competency/ies that you are trying to develop or assess).

12. Try as much as possible to include all participants in an activity and, when appropriate, question individuals and challenge them to come up with solutions about how to include everyone.

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13. Be patient – persistence pays off! Recognise that some participants will take

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longer to develop skills or make progress than others. If an approach or activity is not working, consider what changes you might make in order to make it work. Work with the individual to identify the right solution for their needs. If at first you don’t succeed – try, try, try again!

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FOR MORE TIPS ON INCLUDING PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY SEE APPENDIX 2 (TIPS FOR COACHES, ADMINISTRATORS, OFFICIALS AND VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, PARENTS AND CARERS)

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TYPES OF INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY

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There are various ways people with a disability can be included in shooting sports. These include:

Recreational shooting People with a disability who just want to shoot for fun and who are not interested in competing might just join in their local club’s activities.

Competition shooting People with a disability who are interested in competing, may have several different inclusion options available to them, depending on where they are located, their disability and what they feel comfortable with.

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Segregated competition Competing separately, against other shooters with a disability. For example, shooters with a disability competing in a stand alone shooting sports competition (at a separate venue) for shooters with a disability.

Parallel competition Competing against other shooters with a disability in parallel settings. For example, events for shooters with a disability included in a “mainstream” competition. Shooters with a disability compete in the same venue, at the same time as the “mainstream” competition but only compete against other shooters with a disability, using approved adaptations or modifications that they require in order to compete. (Note the able-bodied shooters in the background).

MAINSTREAM COMPETITION

SEGREGATED COMPETITION

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PARALLEL COMPETITION

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Mainstream (open) competition Competing in mainstream (or open) competition against other shooters who may or may not have a disability under the same conditions (i.e., using the same equipment and rules).

For example, a shooter with a disability competing against shooters who are able-bodied in the open competition at club, state or national level.

Shooters with a disability may compete in any, or all three, of the above settings. This flexible approach may also translate into training environments, for example, a shooter with a disability may train at a club with shooters who are able-bodied but then compete in a shooting competition for shooters with a disability.

Ideally, shooters with a disability will have a range of competition inclusion options to choose from – that is, they will have the opportunity to compete with and against shooters with a disability in a segregated and/or a parallel setting and/or in mainstream competition against other shooters who may or may not have a disability.

The important thing is that the shooter (and not Clubs or Associations or someone else) chooses how they are involved.

Involvement in non-shooting roles

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People with a disability who are interested in shooting but who do not want to compete in shooting, may choose to get involved in non-shooting roles – for example, coaching, officiating, administration or event organisation at various levels (i.e. club, state, national) according to their level of interest and qualifications.

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COMPETITION OPTIONS AND RULES

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International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) events Shooters with a disability who are able to, may compete in ISSF events in the respective disciplines, under the ISSF rules (or other rules stipulated by the competition organiser). In other words, all shooters compete under the same rules. The current ISSF rules can be found at: www.issf-sports.org/theissf/rules.ashx.

International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Shooting events Shooting has been part of the Paralympic Games since Toronto in 1976, and in 2008 was practised in 59 countries. Shooting competitions at the Paralympic Games are open to all athletes with a physical disability. Athletes compete in Rifle and Pistol events from distances of 10, 25 and 50m, in men’s, women’s and mixed competitions. Shooting utilises a functional classification system, which enables athletes from different disability classes to compete together either individually or in teams (see pages 31 - 34 for more information on Classification).

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Shooting for people with a disability is governed by the IPC and co-ordinated by the IPC Shooting Technical Committee following the modified rules of the ISSF. The ISSF sport technical rules are fully integrated into the IPC Shooting Rules and Regulations and are enforced in all cases except where they are modified by the IPC Shooting Rules and Regulations. The IPC Shooting Rules and Regulations take into account the differences that exist between shooting for people who are ablebodied and shooting for people with a disability. The IPC Shooting Rules and Regulations must be read in conjunction with the ISSF rules and the IPC Shooting Classification rules. The current IPC Shooting Rules and Regulations can be found on the IPC website at: www.ipc-shooting.org/Rules/.

The current IPC Shooting Classification rules are available on the Classification section of the IPC website at: www.ipc-shooting.org/Classification/. The rules depend on the firearm, the distance, the target, the shooting position, the number of shots and the time limit. Competitors accumulate points for the value of their shots.

Each competition consists of a qualification and a final round. The score in the final round is added to the athlete’s score in the qualification round. The winner is the competitor who gathers the most points by the end of the competition.

Of the 12 Paralympic shooting events, six are open to both women and men, three are open to women only and three are open to men only. (Adapted from www.ipc-shooting.org/About_the_Sport/).

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Rifle disciplines

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R1 - Air Rifle Standing Male SH1 R2 - Air Rifle Standing Female SH1

Air Rifle Standing is shot as separate male and female events. Males shoot 60 shots and females shoot 40 shots.

Time limits: Men - 1.45. Female - 1.15.

Competition is shot using a competition air rifle at 10 metres, with the 10 ring being 0.5mm.

Shooters are required to have both hands on the rifle with no sling support. Shooters who cannot stand can sit.

R3 - Air Rifle Prone Mixed SH1 Air Rifle Prone is shot as a combined male and female event. Shooters are given 1:15 to fire 60 shots at 10 metres. Shooters are required to have a table support to fire from, and are allowed to have a sling. The target is the same as for standing.

AIR RIFLE STANDING

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R4 - Air Rifle Standing Mixed SH2 Air Rifle standing for SH2 shooters is a mixed event with both male and females competing against each other. Shooters have 1.45 to fire 60 shots at 10 metres. An approved support stand is allowed for the front of the rifle. Arm amputee shooters are not allowed to hold the rifle with the prosthesis. The trigger is to be operated with the hand, no mechanical assistance is allowed.

R5 - Air Rifle Prone Mixed SH2 Air Rifle Prone for SH2 shooters is competed over 10 metres with 1:15 allowed for 60 shots. Shooters are allowed to have an approved support stand to balance the rifle, no sling support is allowed with the stand. Shooters fire at the standard 10m air rifle target which has a 10 ring of 0.5mm.

R6 - English Match Mixed SH1 English Match is conducted over 50 metres at a standard 50 metre rifle target which has a 10 ring of 10.4mm. Shooters are able to shoot from their chair with a table support or may lay in the prone position. Time limit for 60 shots is 1:15 when fired on electronic targets. Shooters are allowed to use a sling and an approved shooting jacket.

R7 - 3x40 Free Rifle Male - SH1 R8 - Sport Rifle Female - SH1

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3x40 and 3x20 Matches are conducted over 50 metres. Shooters have to shoot from 3 different positions for this match, prone, standing then kneeling positions. Prone can be shot from the chair or the prone position on the ground, standing is shot from the chair with no support to the rifle. The kneeling position allows a small support for one elbow to be used. Time limits apply for each position.

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English Match is conducted over 50 metres at a standard 50 metre rifle target which has a 10 ring diameter of 10.4 mm. Shooters are able to shoot from their chair with a table support and a stand to assist with the holding of the firearm. Time limit for 60 shots is 1:30 when fired on paper targets and 1:15 when fired on electronic targets. Shooters are allowed to use a sling and an approved shooting jacket.

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R10 & R11 - Air Rifle Standing and Prone SH3 (Blind) These competitions are not currently shot in Australia as the hearing equipment required to assist the shooter is not currently in country.

ENGLISH MATCH MIXED

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Pistol disciplines P1 - Air Pistol Male SH1 P2 - Air Pistol Female SH1 Air Pistol is shot as separate male and female events. Males shoot 60 shots and females shoot 40 shots. The time limits are according to the ISSF rules, 1:45 for Men and 1:15 for Female competition. Competition is shot using a competition air pistol at 10 metres, with the 10 ring being 11.5mm. For wheelchair competitors, the armrests and sideboards of the shooting chair must be removed. A device to hold the pistol to enable safe loading may be used.

SPORT PISTOL MIXED

P3 - Sport Pistol Mixed SH1

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Sport Pistol is shot at a distance of 25 metres. The event is comprised of 60 shots which is divided into two stages of 30 shots. 30 shots are fired in the precision stage, which gives the firer 5 minutes for each of the six series of 5 shots. The rapid fire stage consists of firing 5 single shots at each of the 3 second showings of the target, with a 7 second break between each shot. To complete the rapid fire stage, 6 complete series are fired. Loading of the pistol is not allowed until the range officer calls “LOAD�. A .22 pistol with a capacity of 5 rounds is used for this competition. The pistol is to have a trigger weight of no less than 1000 grams.

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P4 Free Pistol Mixed SH1

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The competition consists of firing 60 shots at 50 metres within 2 hours. The 10 ring at 50 metres is 50mm. This competition is fired with a single shot .22 calibre pistol that has no restrictions on its shape or length.

For wheelchair competitors, the armrests and sideboards of the shooting chair must be removed. A device to hold the pistol to enable safe loading may be used. Both Male and Females fire 60 shots for this event.

FREE PISTOL MIXED

Clay target shooting Clay target shooting can be participated in by most people with a disability (anyone who can hold a shotgun to their shoulder in a safe manner). Generally, the only barriers that may affect a person with a disability’s inclusion in clay target shooting might be the ability to physically access some club rooms and venues.

In clay target shooting, shooters compete in grades, according to their performance level (i.e., the scores they are able to shoot). As such, shooters with a disability compete against shooters who are able-bodied and the same performance level as themselves.

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PIC:MARK FARROW

Clay target shooting events include: ISSF events - Olympic Trap, Double Trap, Skeet Standard events - Trap, Skeet, Ball Trap, Sporting Clay target shooting is currently only competed in within Australia and is not shot at international level under IPC shooting.

Other target shooting events Air rifle supported event The Air Rifle Supported event is a great event MARK FARROW (AUS) COMPETING IN THE SPORTING CLAY NATIONALS for juniors (10 – 14 years) as a preliminary to learning the standing position, older people, people who have a medical problem and are unable to stand for any length of time, but who perhaps do not qualify under the IPC Shooting Rules and Regulations (www.ipc-shooting.org/Rules/).

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The Air Rifle Supported event is shot using a conventional .177 Air Rifle (that complies with the ISSF Rules). It is a 60 shot match over 10 metres and no part of the body is permitted to rest on the table. The rules for the “Air Rifle Supported” event are TRSA Rules.(See: www.targetriflesa.com/Rules-TRSA%20Air%20Rifle%20Supported.pdf).

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Benchrest shooting competition

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Benchrest shooting involves shooting small groups with the shooter sitting on a chair (bench) and the rifle supported from a table.

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Although custom made bench rest rifles can be purchased, events can be designed to suit the standard Prone/3 position target rifle or the basic sporting rifle. In this event, telescopic sights are used, with the rifle seated quite firmly on sandbags on a bench. The front rest can be a tripod with cradle to hold the rifle, although the rifle must not be clamped in place. You must be able to easily lift it clear of the rest. The rear bag must be a traditional sand bag only, no mechanical adjustment, only hand pressure is allowed on the side of the bag.

The match can be 20, 40, 50 or 60 shots, usually fired at a distance of fifty metres, with unlimited sighters.

Any firearm chambered for the .22 rimfire cartridge is legal, as are all types of bench rest supports currently in use in any of the other shooting sports.

Target Rifle South Australia (TRSA) recognises 3 classes of rimfire rifles - class 1 weighing no more than 3.5kg with the scope and magazine, and having a 12 power scope limit; class 2 weighing no more than 4.5kg with scope and magazine and having no limit on scope power, and class 3, often a target style rifle, may weigh up to 8.0kg inclusive of the scope and magazine if any.

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Rules as determined by Target Rifle Australia for Australian competitions, plus additional rules as determined by TRSA, specifically for the Class 1 Benchrest rifle and Air Rifle, can be found at: www.targetriflesa.com/Policies.html.

Free Class (F class) target shooting competition The National Rifle Association of Australia Limited (NRAA) also conducts a competition that shooters with a disability can compete in, called Free Class or F Class. F-Class is one of the fastest growing long-range shooting disciplines. As it involves shooting with scopes from a rested prone position, a wide range of shooters can excel in F-Class, including those with visual weaknesses and/or a physical disability. Further details about F Class shooting can be obtained from the NRAA (www.nraa.com.au/ nraa/contacts.html).

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CLASSIFICATION FOR INTERNATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE SHOOTING 4 EVENTS 5

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What is classification?

Classification is a term used frequently when referring to Paralympic Sport. It forms the structure for all Paralympic competition. Classification groups athletes with similar levels of functional ability into classes for equivalent competition.

Athletes who belong to six different disability groups can compete in Paralympic sports: amputees, cerebral palsy, vision impairment, spinal cord injuries, intellectual disability and a group which includes those that do not fit into the aforementioned groups (“les Autres”). These athletes have different impairments in the way their body structures and functions work, that leads to a competitive disadvantage in non-Paralympic sport.

4 FROM THE SPORTS AND CLASSIFICATION SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE WEBSITE: HTTP://WWW.PARALYMPIC.ORG.AU/.

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Classification in Paralympic sport exists to support as fair competition as possible, amongst athletes with different impairments. It is put in place in Paralympic sport to ensure that winning is determined by athletic skill, fitness, power, endurance, tactical ability and mental focus, the same factors that account for success in sport for athletes who are able-bodied. The outcomes of Paralympic competition become based on athletic performance rather than on differences that exist in athletes’ disabilities.

This same principle exists in other sporting classification systems; such as age group competitions for juniors, male and female competitions, or weight divisions (or classes) in boxing and weightlifting. In these examples, athletes are grouped together by similar structures such as age, gender or weight to allow for as fair competition as possible.

Initial systems for classification were based on medical results and testing. However, as each Paralympic sport requires different athletic skills for performance, classification systems have now evolved to being based significantly on the impact of the athlete’s impairment on their ability to compete in their respective sport. This means that each sport has a unique system for classification.

An efficient classification system must:

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Enable fair and equitable competition Give each athlete with a disability an equal opportunity to compete Be sport specific Only measure functional limitations caused by the disability Be as simple as possible so that it can be used in a consistent way

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An athlete’s natural talent, level of training or gender will not affect their classification.

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To watch the Australian Paralympic Committee’s (APC) short Paralympic Education Program video on Classifcation go to: www.paralympic.org.au/content/understanding-classification

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Sport-specific classification systems All Paralympic sports have individual classification systems that have identified the key skill areas that are critical to performance of their particular sport. Classification is based on specific functional abilities as related to individual sporting performance. This means that athletes that compete in more than one sport will receive a different classification for each sport.

Shooting classification system Shooting utilises a functional classification system, which enables athletes from different disability classes with the same abilities to compete together, either individually or in teams. Athletes are divided into three classes depending on their existing limitations (degree of body trunk functionality, balance while seating, muscle strength, mobility of both upper and lower limbs), and on the skills that are necessary in Shooting. These classes are SH1, SH2 and SH3 (Paralympic competition includes only classes SH1 and SH2).

SH1: Pistol and Rifle competitors that do not require a shooting stand.

SH2: Rifle competitors who have no ability to support the weight of the firearm with their arms and therefore require a shooting stand.

SH3: Rifle competitors with a visual impairment. [Note: this classification is currently under review

by IPC shooting and is not available as a classification at present].

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Further details on the Shooting Classification System can be found on the APC Classification Information Sheet – Shooting at: www.paralympic.org.au/sports/shooting and the International Paralympic Committee website at: www.ipc-shooting.org/ Classification/ (current IPC Shooting Classification rules).

Athlete classification process To determine an athlete’s classification for shooting, a group of officials, known as classifiers, assess the athlete to determine how their impairment influences their shooting ability, regardless of their level of training or development. The following components generally form the basis of the evaluation process: Medical, Visual or Cognitive testing - An examination to ascertain the extent that the athlete’s impairment has on their potential function.

Demonstration of shooting skills - The athlete demonstrates skills used in shooting.

Visual review during competition - The analysis of the athlete during competition.

Who’s eligible?

Each Paralympic sport has a set of minimal disability criteria that are specific to their sport. These criteria are generally based on the functional skills that are required to compete in the nonParalympic equivalent of their sport. Where an athlete demonstrates sufficient and measurable functional limitations compared to athletes without disabilities, they are generally eligible for Paralympic sport. Athletes who do not meet the minimal criteria for a sport are not able to compete in any level of Paralympic competition.

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How do athletes get classified?

For information on how athletes get classified, see the Fact Sheets at the bottom of the following APC web page: www.paralympic.org.au/content/understanding-classification.

[Note: “New” shooters don’t need to worry about this until they are starting to thinking about competing in competitions against other athletes with a disability].

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The athlete classification pathway Classification is not required for general participation in shooting. Any person can participate in shooting socially, without a need to be classified. To compete in shooting as an athlete with a disability, an athlete must meet the minimal disability criteria for shooting, and hold a particular level of classification. Classification is an assessment process, which allows athletes whose disability causes similar limitations in shooting to be grouped together in order to allow for meaningful competition.

Access to early classification evaluation is an important part of the athletes’ developmental pathway; as it provides confirmation that they are eligible for Paralympic sport. Once an athlete has been classified, they may compare their performance with athletes of the same class, determining how competitive they may be and setting realistic performance goals. Athletes should have access to accurate classification advice at all levels of competition, by a person who is trained as a classifier.

Where there is uncertainty about an athlete’s classification, it is typical for a higher class rather than lower class to be allocated to an athlete.

Levels of classification The national classification pathway exists to provide regular, local classification at a level appropriate for the athlete’s development.

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Provisional classification The provisional classification process has been designed to allow athletes who do not have access to a shooting specific classification panel, to gain an indication of their classification for shooting.

This provisional classification must be given by a certified classifier, and is conducted in line with International classification rules for shooting.

All provisional classifications provide an indication of a shooting specific classification and are generally only valid for a 12-month period.

An athlete may generally participate at club level, school level or local competition. A provisional class is generally not valid for state level competition. Athletes with provisional classification are not eligible for national rankings, records or team selections.

National classification National Classification is a shooting-specific classification process that involves the same tests that are used for the International Classification process.

This level of classification is for athletes who have a genuine interest in competing against others with a disability in shooting. National Classification should be available several times through the year, often in conjunction with a state or national championship for shooting. It is valid for up to national level competition, and is required for selection to National teams, and to claim Australian records or rankings.

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In cases where an athlete’s class may be borderline or where an athlete shows potential for International competition, the athlete may be reviewed by the most experienced classifiers for shooting in Australia, to ensure that the class given nationally is as accurate as possible.

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International classification

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Once an athlete progresses to international competition, they will need to undergo International Classification conducted at an appropriate International event by the IPC Shooting Technical Committee. An International classification outcome always supersedes any National level classification. The APC works with shooting at this level to ensure that athletes and teams are adequately prepared for the process.

How can you become a classifier?

Full information regarding the required qualifications and process in order to become an IPC Shooting Classifier, and the IPC Shooting Classifiers Pathway can be found on the International Paralympic Committee website at: www.ipc-shooting.org/Classification/.

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EQUIPMENT FOR SHOOTERS WITH A DISABILITY The equipment that a shooter with a disability needs to participate in shooting will vary according to the shooting discipline/s they participate in, and their disability. It may include any of the following pieces of equipment5: NOTE FOR NEW SHOOTERS Not all of this equipment is essential when first starting out in shooting. To get started, all that is required is a firearm (appropriate for the discipline), some pellets/bullets/cartridges (depending on the discipline) and targets. It may be possible to borrow or hire equipment (for example, from a club or another shooter) or buy second hand equipment when getting started. Depending on a shooter’s classification and performance goals, other equipment (for example, a shooting table and shooting stand, a shooting jacket, glove and sling) can be added and initial equipment upgraded at a later stage, if necessary.

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Standard equipment

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Shooters with a disability use the same firearms and clothing as shooters who are ablebodied.

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Firearm (rifle, pistol, shotgun)

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There are many different styles and types of firearms used in target shooting. Many shooters use standard manufacturer’s designs, while others fully custom their firearms, both in looks and shape.

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Air rifle (.177 calibre) .177 calibre air rifles, which use pellets, are used for the air rifle events. There are re two types of air rifles, “lever action” or “compressed air”.

Lever action6 Lever action air rifles have a lever that is usedd to ccharge h rge air into a compressed ha state in the air rifle’s fixed cylinder. When the trttrigger igger is pulled the compressed air is released and the pellet is sho shot hot down towards the target. Lever action air rifles aree ge generally enerally cheaper than compressed air rifles.

5 Please note re equipment used in competition: Shooters, coaches or others who help shooters prepare for competition should be aware that competitions generally have rules dictating the equipment or equipment modifications that may be used to enable the participation of a shooter with a disability. They should ensure that they are familiar with equipment rules for any competitions that they plan to enter and ensure that all equipment meets these rules. Officials should also ensure they are aware of any equipment rules and modifications that are allowed in competition.

Importantly, the equipment modifications allowed in competition may vary according to the classification of the shooter.

6 Photo provided by Michael Johnson - www.shooting4disabled.com.

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Compressed air rifles7 Compressed air rifles use a detachable cylinder that is filled with compressed air from a dive bottle.

When the rifle is cocked ready to be loaded, compressed air enters into a chamber, the pellet is then loaded, the breach is shut, the trigger is pulled and the pellet is shot. Compressed air rifles are generally more expensive than lever action air rifles.

Smallbore rimfire rifle (.22 calibre)

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.22 calibre rifles, which use standard velocity (“live�) ammunition, are used for the Smallbore Rifle Prone, and Smallbore Rifle Three Position events.

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Shotgun (Trap or Skeet)

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A shotgun, which uses cartridges, is used to contest the Clay target events. You can purchase shotguns with interchangeable chokes so that trap, skeet and sporting can be shot with the same shotgun.

Air pistol The 10m air pistol event is shot using a .177 calibre air pistol, which uses pellets. Modern match air pistols generally use pre-filled air, or less commonly, carbon dioxide containers.

AIR PISTOL

.22 CALIBRE PISTOL

7 Pic: Michael Johnson - www.shooting4disabled.com

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.22 calibre pistols Sport pistol (25m) is shot using a 0•22 Long Rifle semi-automatic pistol.

Free pistol (50m) is generally shot using a long barrelled 0•22 Long Rifle single shot handgun, but there is nothing to stop you using any 0•22 Long Rifle handgun.

Ammunition (air pellets, bullets, cartridges) The ammunition used varies according to the event and the firearm used.

Pellets Air rifle and air pistol events shoot air pellets at targets - small pieces of cast lead, approximately 4.5mm in diameter. These are sold in tins of around 500 pellets.

Bullets For 25m Pistol events, and 50m Pistol and Rifle events, 5.6mm bullets are used.

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Cartridges

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Cartridges are used for clay target events.

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Targets8

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The targets used also vary according to the event and the firearm used.

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In rifle and pistol events, the targets may be either card or electronic. The standard target is a cardboard square with concentric white and black rings around a black centre ring (or bull’s-eye). The centre ring is worth 10 points, the outer rings each worth differing points e.g.

9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. The closer a shot gets to the centre, the more points are scored.

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Electronic targets, which are more accurate, have a sensor which registers where pellets/bullets go in relation to hitting the target. The results are then sent to a small monitor in front of the shooter, where the shooter can see where their shots have gone and their scores.

For the Paralympic Games, five different targets are used depending on the type of competition.

In the clay target events, the target is a clay disc of 11cm diameter, 25-26 mm thickness, and 105g weight.

8 Pic: Michael Johnson - www.shooting4disabled.com

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Safety equipment (eye and ear protection)

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Both eye and ear protection are needed when participating or competing in shooting.

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Eye protection, for example, shooting glasses - are recommended for all forms of shooting and are compulsory in several pistol matches.

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Ear protection, for example, earmuffs or earplugs – in particular, those with the most effective sound reduction qualities, are also recommended.

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Both eye and ear protection may have an additional role for performance enhancement. In the case of shooting glasses, accessories which allow the shooter to: occlude the “off” eye; get the most distortion-free optical situation possible; and reduce their field of view and artificially regulate their depth of field, are available. (Caps designed to limit the athlete’s field of vision are also common).

In the case of ear protection, noise reduction can contribute to higher performance levels through improved concentration, and quite a number of top competitors wear both earmuffs and earplugs, for this reason.

The type of eye and ear protection used varies according to the discipline/event and the needs and preferences of the user.

Clothing Target rifle events In target rifle events, a specialised shooting jacket is used. The shooting jacket is very stiff and is used to give the shooter support and stability in either of the shooting positions (prone or standing). A shooting jacket can be worn by any shooter but must comply with both ISSF and IPC rules. Seated

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competitors must not be able to sit on their jackets to gain extra support. As such, they use a shortened shooting jacket. See the ISSF and IPC rules for further details. Specialised shooting trousers may be used by target rifle shooters who shoot from a high stool or free standing. They are prohibited for sitting competitors.

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TARGET RIFLE EVENTS

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CLAY TARGET EVENTS

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Clay target events9

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In the clay target events, there is no special outfit for trap and double trap competitors.

Skeet competitors, however, must have a line on their clothing at hip level so that it is possible to see whether the stock of the shotgun is above the hip or not as they wait to fire. A shooting vest is commonly worn.

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Pistol events Pistol events do not require any specialised clothing.

Footwear Most athletes wear firm, flat-soled shoes for increased stability in shooting, however footwear must not extend above the shooter’s ankle. For safety reasons, most clubs insist on closed footwear, regardless of the discipline involved.

NOTE Shooters with a disability who use customised orthopaedic boots for everyday life to meet

the needs of their disability must have them checked and recorded when they are classified (see the Classification section) to determine whether they may be used in competition.

9 Photo provided by Mark Farrow.

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Sling and shooting glove10 Shooters competing in target rifle events also need a sling and a glove (except for shooters in the SH2 class - who have limitations in arm and finger strength/movement and shoot with a spring - see “Modified equipment” below).

The sling attaches to the shoulder of the jacket and wraps around the forearm, then up to the rifle. It holds the rifle down hard on the glove and is used to give stability and support to the shooter when they are shooting in the Prone position (SH1 shooters). The sling attaches to the hand stop of the rifle and then to the shoulder strap of the jacket.

The shooting glove is worn on the opposite hand to the trigger finger and is used to protect the hand when using the sling. It also adds extra support and comfort. (The rifle either rests on a closed fist or the glove grips the stock of the rifle). The glove can be worn by the SH1 shooter for both the Standing and Prone positions.

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Spotting scope Shooters may use spotting scopes to view the target to determine where the last shot impacted. It can be used when testing loads at the local range, when spotting for a fellow shooter, or when either competing (looking at your own target when you are in the prone position on the firing line) or when spotting for a shooting partner at a match.

Modified equipment Some of the modified equipment that might be used by shooters with a disability to enable them to participate in shooting is outlined in this section. The type of modified equipment used will vary according to the shooting discipline and event and the nature of the shooter’s disability. In the case 10 PHOTOS PROVIDED BY MICHAEL JOHNSON - WWW.SHOOTING4DISABLED.COM.

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of the Paralympic shooting events, the International Paralympic Committee Shooting Rules and Regulations (www.ipc-shooting.org/Rules) dictate the requirements for modified equipment for each Paralympic shooting classification. Any equipment used in shooting competitions conducted according to these rules must meet these requirements.

Shooting table

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A shooting table may be used by both SH1 and SH2 shooters (see “Classification” for further information) for shooting in the prone position. (Shooters who can get into the prone position on the ground, generally shoot from the ground while others who cannot, shoot using the shooting table.

Shooting tables may be either free standing or attached to the shooter’s wheelchair (if they use a wheelchair), and are generally custom-made to suit the needs of the shooter. Some examples of SH1 and SH2 shooting tables are provided in the photos alongside and below.

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EXAMPLES OF SH1 TABLES

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EXAMPLE OF SH2 TABLE

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Shooting “chair”

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Shooters who are not able to stand and support their weight when shooting are able to use a shooting chair. This might be a wheelchair (either the shooter’s everyday chair or another wheelchair specially set up for shooting, if they normally use a wheelchair), a stool, chair or seat.

As for the shooting table, the shooting chair, shooters usually have a chair that meets their particular needs (both regarding their disability and their means for transporting the chair). Some examples are provided in the photos below.

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Stabilising the shooting chair Shooters who use a wheelchair as their shooting chair sometimes add wheel chocks or other stabilising devices to their chair to ensure that it does not move when they are shooting.

Stand/spring

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In target rifle shooting, a stand and spring device (illustrated on the right) is used to support the weight of the rifle if the user is unable to support it themselves.

The spring is only allowed to support the rifle at the balance point of the rifle (this is marked during equipment control before a competition). The tension of the spring used varies according to the shooter’s classification. Shooters with more functional ability use lower tensioned springs. This device is generally used by SH2 shooters.

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In the standing position, the shooter’s elbows are not allowed to touch any part of the chair or frame.

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In the prone position, the shooter’s elbows rest on the table for support.

For a list of stand/spring suppliers please see Appendix 3.

Pistol rest Pistol shooters with a disability to one arm that prevents them from using two hands to load their pistol may use a “pistol rest” to hold their pistol while they load it with one hand.

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PATHWAYS FOR PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY IN AUSTRALIAN SHOOTING SPORTS Target shooting is one of the most popular sports around the world. It is enjoyed by millions of people, men and women of all ages, able-bodied and disabled. Further, it caters to all levels of participation, ranging from a social afternoon at the local club, to the ultimate in competition, the Olympic or Paralympic Games. People can also get involved in shooting or non-shooting roles (for example, as a coach, official, administrator, event organiser) according to their interests.

As a participant or competitor In Australia, there are a range of opportunities for people with a disability to participate in shooting.

The opportunities that are available vary according to the discipline, the nature of the shooter’s disability and the goals of the shooter. Shooters who just want to shoot for fun or at a social level can just join a club and participate in club activities. (All clubs are open to those who are able to acquire a firearms licence under their State or Territory legislation). Shooters who wish to compete have the following opportunities available to them:

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Target Rifle Australia and Pistol Australia Shooters with a disability can compete in competitions conducted by Target Rifle Australia and Pistol Australia at the following levels: Club level - Most clubs have club competition that all shooters are able to compete in.

State level - Both disciplines, Rifle and Pistol hold State level competitions.

National level - Rifle and Pistol both host National competitions in April each year. These events have specific IPC Shooting events.

International level - Once shooters have reached High Performance level, there is an opportunity to attend international competitions both within Australia and overseas. These include Regional Championships (e.g. European Championships) and Paralympic Games.

Shooters with a disability who can shoot as per the ISSF rules, can also compete against shooters who are able-bodied to the highest level that they are able to shoot.

Clay target shooting Clay target shooting is open to anyone who can access the venue and hold a shotgun to their shoulder in a safe manner. There is no separate competition for shooters with a disability.

Any shooter with a disability who is able to compete simply competes in the grade that is appropriate for their performance level to the highest level that they are able to perform.

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Other roles People with a disability who are interested in shooting but who do not want to compete in shooting, may choose to get involved in other roles within shooting – for example, coaching, officiating, administration or event organisation at various levels (i.e. club, state, national) according to their level of interest and qualifications.

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FUNDING FOR PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY There are a range of potential funding sources for people with a disability seeking financial assistance to support their involvement in shooting and clubs or Associations who want to implement initiatives to facilitate the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting. Some are generic grants and funding offered to people in sport and recreation in general, others specifically target people with a disability or projects supporting people with a disability. Some are offered at National level and others at State and regional local level. Below is a list of potential funding sources of which we are currently aware.

They are, by no means, the only sources, and readers should be aware that these change on a regular basis. New sponsorship, grants and funding opportunities are regularly offered. To take advantage of these, it is important to keep an eye out for them. In addition to the sources listed below, local community newspapers also often publish details regarding locally available grants and funding.

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Funding for athletes with a disability Australia-wide John Maclean Foundation Grants - provide financial support to young Australian wheelchair users under the age of 18 years. www.jmf.com.au/grants.aspx Layne Beachley’s ‘Aim for the Stars’ Foundation www.aimforthestars.com.au/apply/default.asp Peter Brock Foundation: www.peterbrockfoundation.com.au

Queensland based athletes with a disability Marayke Jonkers Sporting Dreams www.marayke.com/Sporting%20Dreams.html

State/Territory Sporting Organisations for the Disabled Some State/Territory Sporting Organisations for the Disabled (SSODs) (for example, Wheelchair Sports WA, Wheelchair Sports Victoria, Wheelchair Sports NSW, Sporting Wheelies Queensland) provide grants/financial assistance to members who meet their eligibility criteria to support their sport involvement. Google the name of the organisation in your state for their website and/or contact details. Further details regarding SSODs in your State or Territory can also be obtained from people in the Australian Sports Commission’s Sport CONNECT Network (see www.ausport.gov.au/participating/ disability/contacts).

Funding for club or Association initiatives

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Australian Sports Commission - Funding and grants - www.ausport.gov.au/supporting/ funding ~ Women in Sport Leadership Grants ~ Local Sporting Champion (including coaching and officials) ~ Harts Volunteer Grant Federal Government portal detailing government grants - www.grantslink.gov.au/ Local Government Authorities who are known to administer funding programs that support various community and recreational activities. Contact your local member.

Peter Brock Foundation: www.peterbrockfoundation.com.au Sponsorship Grants - Sportscover Sponsorship Fund www.sportscover.com/sponsorship.asp

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State/Territory Departments of Sport and Recreation State and Territory Departments of Sport and Recreation (or their equivalent office) also generally offer some grants and funding both for individuals and organisations. They also maintain a register of other grants and funding that are offered by other organisations to recreation and sporting organisations in their State or Territory. Please see the relevant organisation/link below for further details:

Australian Capital Territory Sport and Recreation Services ACT www.tams.act.gov.au/play/sport_and_recreation/funding

New South Wales NSW Department of Sport and Recreation www.dsr.nsw.gov.au/grants/

Northern Territory NT Government Office of Sport and Recreation www.sportandrecreation.nt.gov.au/grants

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Queensland Sport and Recreation Queensland www.sportrec.qld.gov.au/Funding.aspx

South Australia Office for Sport and Recreation SA www.recsport.sa.gov.au/funding-scholarships/index.html

Tasmania Sport and Recreation Tasmania Grant Programs www.development.tas.gov.au/sportrec/information_for_organisations/grant_programs

Victoria Sport and Recreation Victoria www.sport.vic.gov.au/web9/dvcsrv.nsf/headingpagesdisplay/grants+&+funding

Western Australia WA Department of Sport and Recreation Grants Link www.grantslink.gov.au/Info.aspx?NodeID=3&ResourceID=1480

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WHERE TO GO FOR FURTHER INFORMATION OR ADVICE

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Further information and advice about including people with a disability in general or shooting for people with a disability can be obtained from a range of sources and resources including:

Organisations Shooting-specific organisations International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Shooting Website: www.ipc-shooting.org

Australian International Shooting Limited Address: PO Box 375, Brighton, SA 5048 Phone: +61 8 8296 0951 Email: office@ausshooting.org Website: www.ausshooting.org

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Australia and State/Territory Shooting sports Associations Australian Clay Target Association - www.claytarget.com.au/ Field and Game Federation of Australia - www.sportingclays.org.au/ National Rifle Association of Australia - www.nraa.com.au/ Pistol Australia - www.pistol.org.au/ Target Rifle Australia - www.tra.org.au/

Generic organisations Australian Paralympic Committee Address: PO Box 596, Sydney Markets NSW 2129 Phone: (02) 9704 0500 Email: auspara@paralympic.org.au Website: www.paralympic.org.au

Australian Sports Commission Coaching and Officiating Unit and Disability Sport Unit Phone: 02 6214 1111 (ASC Reception) Website: www.ausport.gov.au

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State and Territory Departments of Sport and Recreation and/or State/Territory Coaching Centres - can help with advice on inclusive coaching and further coaching professional development opportunities. (See www.ausport.gov.au/participating/disability/contacts).

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Other sporting organisations or clubs - More and more organisations are implementing strategies to improve the inclusion of people with a disability. Talk to sporting organisations or clubs that are already including people with a disability. Find out what successes they have had and how they have overcome any problems. See if there are any lessons that can be learned from their experience. Have they developed products or resources that you might be able to borrow, adapt or copy? Peak state bodies may well be able to assist in identifying other organisations that are attempting similar activities.

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Organisations that cater for people with a disability - Many organisations that cater for people with a disability (or sub-groups of specific population groups) have programs, resources and people who can assist clubs in identifying target groups and gaining access to people with a disability. They also may be able to assist in developing products and services that would appeal to certain individuals and can often help with the communication process. It is recommended that you have a list of local contacts available as handouts for participants.

Resources Shooting-specific resources Websites: Australian International Shooting Limited - www.ausshooting.org International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Shooting - www.ipc-shooting.org.

Target Shooting for the Disabled – www.shooting4disabled.com Target Shooting in New Zealand for the Disabled - www.parashooting.co.nz

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Generic resources Books, CDs Australian Sports Commission, Active After-School Communities, How to CHANGE IT - A guide to help teachers and coaches improve sport related games (Booklet) Australian Sports Commission, Coaching Athletes with Disabilities (Manual) Australian Sports Commission, Give it a Go!: including people with disabilities in sport and physical activity (CD) Australian Sports Commission, Give it a Go!: including people with disabilities in sport and physical activity (Manual) Australian Sports Commission, Opening Doors: getting people with disability involved in sport and recreation (Booklet) (Free PDF download available at: www.ausport.gov.au/dsu/resources.asp).

The first four resources are available for purchase from the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS Shop) - shop.ausport.gov.au/epages/ais.sf (Publications)

Disability awareness education and training Disability awareness education and training is available in each State and Territory via the Australian Sports Commission’s Sport CONNECT network. See the following links for further details about available training and training providers: www.ausport.gov.au/participating/disability/get_involved/education www.ausport.gov.au/participating/disability/contacts

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

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AISL is committed to providing participation and competition opportunities for people of all ages and abilities throughout Australia. As part of this, AISL aims to redress barriers to participation for people with a disability and create transparent pathways for their participation and progression through the sport.

Being inclusive is fundamental to being a good club, State or Territory Association, Member organisation, administrator, coach, official, competition organiser and athlete, and is no more than adopting a best practice approach to what we do.

There are a range of benefits to be gained from including people with a disability in shooting.

Often the biggest barrier to the inclusion of people with a disability in shooting is attitude.

By adopting a positive, “can do” attitude and changing the way we do things, where necessary, we can cater for most individual needs.

Sometimes a small change in an activity can make a large difference to the inclusion of all participants.

Good planning and consultation are essential to make inclusion work.

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APPENDICES

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Appendix 1 Accessibility audit checklist

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Appendix 2

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Inclusion tips for: Coaches Administrators Officials and volunteers Members Parents and carers Potential members with a disability

Appendix 3 Modified equipment suppliers

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Appendix 1 Accessibility audit checklist Access audit Words to watch and/or avoid Accessibility

Yes/No

Brainstorm solutions

Location How can new members gain access to your club?

Is the club close to transport?

Parking/drop-off points Do members or drivers need accessible parking?

Are the carparks located close to entrances?

Is the carpark surface suitable for people with mobility difficulties?

Is there a procedure to ensure that people are safe on arrival or departure?

Welcome procedure Tour of facility. How are members welcomed?

How are they supported in their introduction to the club?

Is there a check to ensure that they have settled in?

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Signage

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Do signs indicate important features (for example, reception, toilets, canteen, exit)?

Are they clearly written and visible?

Are universal symbols used?

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Internal access Is there a clear, safe pathway joining all main features?

Are all areas easily accessible by people with mobility difficulties?

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Toilets Are toilets located for quick access?

Are they suitable for mobility difficulties?

Is privacy assured for all people?

Activity environment Is the facility safe and clear of clutter?

Can people move about independently?

Is the area adequately lit, cooled or heated?

Resources (human, physical and financial) Does the club have the necessary equipment to support inclusion?

Are additional support staff required?

Policies and procedures Are there provisions for addressing people with disabilities?

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Words to watch and/or avoid Accessibility

Yes/No

Brainstorm solutions

Is there a grievance procedure to address issues?

Is there a procedure to ensure club officials or coaches are aware of medical issues?

Training and information Do coaches or other staff need additional training?

Do other members of the club need additional training?

Are members/coaches and other staff supportive of the inclusion of people with a disability?

Appendix 2 Inclusion tips for coaches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 8 7 6

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As a shooting coach you play a key role in the development and success of your shooters. You are also in a position to foster an inclusive culture within your squad or athlete group. Being an inclusive coach doesn’t mean having to develop new skills and knowledge because good coaches are, by nature, inclusive. They already understand that all athletes are different and that, in order to get the best out of every athlete, they need to be willing to make modifications to suit the needs of each athlete – this might be in the language they use or the way they provide instructions or demonstrations (coaching style), the rules they set for activities (rules); and the venues and equipment they use (environment and equipment).

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What you can do

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Always be open and accepting of any shooter who approaches you for coaching.

Put the shooter before the disability, e.g. Mark is a shooter who has cerebral palsy.

Shooters with disability, just like shooters who are able-bodied, have varying abilities. They may also have to vary the way they do some things, because of their disability. Ask the shooter what they are able to do and focus on maximising their abilities.

Consider the factors that may disadvantage your shooters with a disability (such as your coaching style, the rules for activities, the environment or equipment) and look at how these may be modified – without changing the integrity of the activity - to make your coaching more inclusive.

Get to know your shooters, it is not necessary to be an expert on specific disabilities but you do need to know the needs and abilities of your shooters.

Be proactive, build awareness and educate your squad and other coaches about being inclusive; share your ideas and experience with others.

Seek advice and best practice examples of inclusion from other coaches, your State Association or Sports CONNECT Network contact.

What you should do Always aim to include everyone in your club activities. Never exclude anyone.

Understand your responsibilities under and ensure you adhere to: the Australian International * ADAPTED FROM THE SWIMMING AUSTRALIA INCLUSION TIPS FOR COACHES

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Shooting Limited (AISL) Member Protection Policy and AISL Coaches Code of Conduct.

When necessary, be prepared to make modifications to your coaching style, rules, equipment, the environment or anything else to enable the participation of people with a disability (indeed, anyone).

Recognise that people with disability have many skills to offer.

BEING INCLUSIVE IS SIMPLY BEST PRACTICE; JUST MAKE IT PART OF WHAT YOU DO!

Inclusion tips for administrators As an administrator, you are in a great position to develop and promote a welcoming, inclusive culture and accessible environment in your club or Association. You should ensure that your club or Association reasonably removes barriers to the inclusion of people with a disability in your activities so as not to discriminate against people with a disability.

What you can do

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Adhere to the Australian International Shooting Limited (AISL) Member Protection policy.

Understand the moral and legal obligation to remove all potential forms of discrimination in your club or Association.

Make yourself familiar with AISL’s Disability Policy and Disability Action Plan (see the Policy section of the AISL website), you may wish to develop an action plan for your club or Association.

Complete the Accessibility Audit Checklist to see how inclusive and accessible your club or Association is and identify areas you could improve.

Be proactive, build awareness and educate your members about being inclusive, share your ideas and experience with others.

Seek advice and best practice examples of inclusion from other clubs, your State or Territory Association or AISL. Become the person who drives inclusion in your club and seek out further training and information.

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What you should do Always aim to include all members in your club’s activities. Never exclude anyone.

When necessary, be prepared to make reasonable modifications to communications, rules, equipment, the environment or anything else to enable the participation of all people with a disability.

You may need to think outside the square or seek advice from your State or Territory Association, AISL or AISL’s Sports CONNECT Network contact.

Recognise that people with a disability have many skills to offer. In your club or Association, there are many opportunities for participation as shooters, coaches, officials, administrators, volunteers and supporters.

Remember Creating an inclusive club environment is not hard. Often negative attitudes prevent access to participation more than any physical barriers. All club members participate in and enjoy shooting for the same reasons. By being inclusive of people with a disability you will ensure your club is accessible to everyone.

Discover how your club or Association can become more inclusive by completing the Accessibility Audit Checklist at www.shooting.org.au * ADAPTED FROM THE SWIMMING AUSTRALIA INCLUSION TIPS FOR ADMINISTRATORS

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Inclusion tips for officials & volunteers As a shooting official or volunteer you are in a great position to foster and support a welcoming and inclusive culture. You are responsible for providing a safe and fair environment for participation, and you can easily assist to remove barriers to access and participation.

What you can do Remain open minded and willing to include everyone, where possible.

Be proactive, build awareness and educate other people about being inclusive. Share your ideas and experience with others.

Understand and apply the rules and policies that apply for shooters with a disability.

Check that the physical environment is safe and free of potential hazards ensuring accessibility.

Read and ensure you understand your responsibilities under the Australian International Shooting Limited (AISL) Member Protection Policy (and the Officials Code of Conduct, in the case of officials).

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Always aim to include everyone in your club or Association activities. Never exclude anyone from participating.

Always put the person before the disability.

Always alert someone if you think you or someone else has been discriminated against.

Follow the steps in the AISL Member Protection Policy procedures.

When necessary, be prepared to make modifications to your communication style, rules, equipment or anything else to ensure the participation of all people with a disability. You may need to seek advice from your State Association or state Sports CONNECT network.

Encourage and support the participation of all people regardless of disability.

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Remember

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Creating an inclusive shooting environment is not hard. Often it is negative attitudes, ignorance and fear of the unknown that prevent participation more so than any physical barriers.

People get involved in shooting for the same reasons, regardless of ability, and should be able to do this in a safe, accessible environment, free from discrimination. You can help to create a more inclusive shooting environment for everyone.

BEING INCLUSIVE IS SIMPLY BEST PRACTICE; JUST MAKE IT PART OF WHAT YOU DO!

Inclusion tips for members All shooting club members have the right to be respected, valued and treated fairly. As a member of your club you can support the inclusion of all club members. You are expected to act in an appropriate and non-discriminatory way and be respectful of other people. You can also expect that you will be treated in the same way by others.

What you can do Always be open and accepting of any new member who joins your club or squad.

Recognise the contribution of all club members and treat them with respect and dignity.

Be open to discussing any requirements or modifications you may require with your coach or * ADAPTED FROM THE SWIMMING AUSTRALIA INCLUSION TIPS FOR OFFICIALS AND VOLUNTEERS

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club administrators.

Get to know fellow club members; everyone has different interests, skills and personalities.

Be proactive, build awareness and educate other people in your club about being inclusive, share your ideas and experiences with others.

Read the Australian International Shooting Limited (AISL) Member Protection Policy and understand your responsibilities under it.

What you should do Always aim to include everyone in your club activities. Never exclude anyone from participating in your club’s activities.

Always alert someone if you think you or someone else has been discriminated against, follow the steps in the AISL Member Protection Policy procedures.

Encourage and support the participation of all members in your club and help create a welcoming environment.

Take advantage of all opportunities in your club to participate, learn, compete, be a leader, and above all to enjoy shooting.

BEING INCLUSIVE IS SIMPLY BEST PRACTICE; JUST MAKE IT PART OF WHAT YOU DO!

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Inclusion tips for parents and carers

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As a parent or carer of a person with a disability you are able to support the continued development of an inclusive shooting culture. Much work is being done to ensure that opportunities exist for people with a disability to participate in all aspects, at all levels of shooting. Whether your child/the person you act as a carer for is shooting for fun or fitness, to be part of the community, to make friends or aspires to be a Paralympic champion, shooting can provide opportunities for all to participate.

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What you can do Allow your child/the person you act as a carer for, to be a shooter, and encourage them to make the most of their opportunities in the club.

Be open-minded and cooperate with the club coach or administration to determine ways to include your child/the person you act as a carer for.

Understand that your club may not be aware of the specific needs of your child/ person you act as a carer for, so provide relevant information and support the club in their efforts to be inclusive.

Help your child/the person you act as a carer for, to understand their responsibilities under the Australian International Shooting Limited (AISL) Member Protection Policy.

Encourage your child/the person you act as a carer for, let someone know if they feel they have been treated unfairly, and talk to your child/the person you act as a carer for about the issue.

What you should do Talk with representatives from your club to discuss your child’s/the person you act as a carer for specific needs or questions you/they might have.

Talk with relatives or friends or contact your State Association about which club might be * ADAPTED FROM THE SWIMMING AUSTRALIA INCLUSION TIPS FOR SWIMMERS * ADAPTED FROM THE SWIMMING AUSTRALIA INCLUSION TIPS FOR PARENTS AND CARERS

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most suitable.

Read the AISL Member Protection Policy.

Follow the steps outlined in the AISL Member Protection Policy procedures if you feel you, your child/ the person you act as a carer for, or someone else has been discriminated against.

NOTE If you are a carer and the person you care for is able to express their own needs, then ensure that club administrators, etc. liaise directly with them (not you) when they need information from them. People who are not used to working with people with a disability sometimes go direct to a carer rather than the person with a disability when they want information, not realising that the person with a disability is perfectly capable of providing it. You can help educate them about this by encouraging them to speak directly to the athlete.

BEING INCLUSIVE IS SIMPLY BEST PRACTICE; JUST MAKE IT PART OF WHAT YOU DO!

Getting involved shooting for people with a disability What can you do?

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Australian International Shooting Limited (AISL) recognises the great potential for inclusion of people with a disability in all aspects of shooting. That’s why we are asking, “What can you do?”

There are many opportunities for participation in shooting for everyone. Not only can you join a shooting club and shoot, but you can also get involved in non shooter roles. Below is some information that will help you answer the question, What can you do?

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You can shoot

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Join a shooting club and shoot, either purely for enjoyment and recreation or in competition.

Meet new people, have fun, develop confidence and a skill for life. More information for shooters with a disability can be found on the AISL website.

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You can coach There are many opportunities to coach, and anyone with passion and dedication for coaching, and a preparedness to gain the appropriate coaching qualifications, can get involved in coaching. A shooting coach plays a vital role in developing shooters of all abilities. AISL offers a range of coaching accreditation programs for people who wish to take up or further develop their coaching knowledge and expertise. Information on becoming an accredited coach can be found on the AISL website.

You can officiate Opportunities exist in shooting for anyone to learn to be a Technical Official. There are a range of officiating positions that need to be undertaken when competitions are held. Find out more from the AISL website or your club or State or Territory Association.

You can volunteer Volunteers are an important part of the shooting community. There are many opportunities to volunteer. From helping your local club fundraise or by lending a hand at competitions. You could even volunteer at the State or National Championships and rub shoulders with our Olympic and Paralympic stars! Ask your Club, State or National how you can volunteer. * ADAPTED FROM THE SWIMMING AUSTRALIA WHAT CAN YOU DO? FACT SHEET

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Appendix 3 Modified equipment suppliers Shooting tables Rod Sampson Mobile: 0428 155 109 (Australia) Email: rrsampson@bigpond.com NOTE A shooting table is currently available to trial in Perth (Trish Van Nus), Adelaide (Wingfield Smallbore Range), Sydney (Sydney International Shooting Centre) and Brisbane (Queensland Target Sports Range at Belmont).

SH2 stands & springs Jason Maroney AUSSIE SPRINGS Phone: (03) 57662755 (Australia) Email: jasonmaroney@gmail.com

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Klingner

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Stader strasse 50 27432 BremerVรถrde Germany Phone: + 49 4761 70425 Fax: + 49 4761 71001 E-mail: info@klingner-gmbh.de Website: www.klingner-gmbh.de

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MEC

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Maike Eckhardt Eberstrasse 30 44145 Dortmund Germany Phone: +49 231 512069 Fax: +49 231 591053 Website: www.mec-shot.de

Ferrol Van Hhoeven Postbus 41920, 1009 DC Amsterdam Spaklerweg 20, Amsterdam Netherlands Phone: +31 20 59 72418 Fax: +31 20 59 72201 Mobile: +31 6 52400248 E-mail: ferrol.van.hoeven@nuon.com

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NOTES

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NOTES

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This resource has been developed by Jenni Banks of Creating Excellence Consulting on behalf of the Australian International Shooting Limited to help facilitate the inclusion of people with a disability across all levels and various roles with the Australian shooting sports.

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Australian International Shooting Limited would like to acknowledge and thank the following organisations and individuals for their contributions to the development of this resource: Australian International Shooting Limited Reference Group (Nick Sullivan, Elisabeth Kosmala, Michelle Fletcher, Carrie Quigley, Jenni Banks) Australian Paralympic Committee (Information on Classification www.paralympic.org.au/content/understanding-classification and www.paralympic.org.au/sports/shooting) Australian Sports Commission Disability Sport Unit, and the authors of the Disability Education Program and Sports CONNECT education resources Disability Sport Network personnel Hamish MacDonald, Senior Sports Consultant, Disability Sport Unit, Australian Sports Commission Mark Farrow, Field and Game Federation of Australia Michael Johnson, Target Shooting for the Disabled – www.shooting4disabled.com Pistol Australia (Information on Equipment on the Pistol Australia website www.pistol.org.au/Coaching/EquipmentSelection.php) Robert Berger, President, Parafed Auckland Target Club - Target Shooting in New Zealand for the Disabled www.parashooting.co.nz/equipment.shtml Swimming Australia (Disability Inclusion Tips in the Community section of the Swimming Australia website - www.swimming.org.au/) Target Rifle Australia (Information on Equipment on the Target Rifle Australia website - www.tra.org.au/) Target Rifle South Australia (Information on air rifle supported events and benchrest shooting competitions on the Target Rifle South Australia website www.targetriflesa.com/)

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Mail to: PO Box 375, Brighton SA 5048 tel +61 8 8296 0951 fax +61 8 8296 0937 email: office@ausshooting.org web: www.ausshooting.org

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