Design Idea From Nature by Akash Kumar

1-1

DISSERTATION Design idea From Nature which represents the legacy of human being. (Biomimicry)

Shri Ram Group Of Colleges Muzaffarnagar

Submitted by Akash Kumar Roll no. 1569581001 Guided By: Ar. Rohit Kumar IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE IN ARCHITECTURE

SHRI RAM GROUP OF COLLEGES, MUZAFFARNAGAR

I THE BIGGEST INNOVATIONS OF THE 21 ST CENTURY WILL BE AT THE INTERSECTION OF B IOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY . A NEW ERA IS BEGINNIN G .” -Steve Jobs

"For a long time we thought we were better than nature. And now a lot of us think that we're worse than nature, and that everything we touch turns to soot. But we are nature. We want to be a part of and not apart from this genius that surrounds us, and biomimicry gives us a chance to do that." -Janine Benyus

1-3

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Dissertation titled “Design Idea From Nature” submitted b “Akash Kumar ” as a part of 5 years Undergraduate Program in Architecture at SHRI RAM GROUP OF COLLEGES is a record of Bonafide work carried out by her under our guidance. The content included in the Dissertation has not been submitted to any other University or institution for accord of any other degree or diploma.

Ar.RohitKumar (Dissertation Guide)

Dr. (ExecutiveDirector)

Ar. (Dissertation Coordinator)

SHRI RAM GROUP OF COLLEGES MUZAFFARNAGAR

DECLARATION I Akash kumar hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Design Idea From Nature” submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of B. Arch is my original research work and that the information taken from secondary sources is given due citations and references. Akash Kumar 8th SEMESTER B. Arch 4TH YEAR 2018-19

1-5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Throughout the writing of this dissertation I have received a great deal of support and assistance. I would first like to thank my guide Ar.Rohit Kumar, whose expertise was invaluable in the formulating of the research topic and methodology in particular. I want to thank you for your excellent cooperation and for all of the opportunity addition, I would like to thank my parents for their wise counsel and sympathetic ear. You are always there for me. Finally, there are my friends, who were of great support in deliberating over our problems and findings, as well as providing happy distraction to rest my mind outside of my research. Akash Kumar

ContentChapter 1- Introduction 1.1. abstract 1.2. summary of literature survey 1.3. need of identification 1.4. aims and objectives 1.5. scope 1.6. limitation 1.7. research methodology Chapter 2- Lesson From Nature 2.1 Nature And It’s laws 2.1.1 Scale and Proportion 2.1.2 Geometry in Nature 2.1.3 Structure System in nature 2.1.4 colour In Nature Chapter 3- What is Biomimicry 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Biomimicry In architecture 3.3 anatomy Of Biomimicry 3.4 Biomimetic Technology 3.4.1 Nature as Model 3.4.2 Nature as Mentor 3.5 Principle Of Biomimicry 3.6 Background 3.7 Concept 3.8 History 3.8.1 historical origin 3.9.. Chapter 4- Approaches To Biomimicry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Problem Based Biomimicry 4.3 Solution Based Biomimicry 4.5 Aesthetic based biomimicry 4.6 Structure Based Biomimicry 4.2 level Of Biomimicry 4.2.1 Organism level 4.2.2 Behavioural level 4.2.3 Ecosystem Leve Chapter 5- Live Case- Study 5.1 Lotus Temple ( India) Chapter 6- Online Case Study 6.1 Nest Stadium (China) Bibliography-

1-7

CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

AbstractDesign is the discipline that has the power to change the world, designing is about a solution and a solution comes from an idea. Always there Is an Idea behind every great design. The design has help human to survive since the beginning. The basic content of design idea in nature is known as biomimicry, The instance which connected nature in architecture is biomimicry, a Design discipline which promotes the designer to thinks on Nature’s ways. This dissertation will go through the concept behind the shape of building, materials, and structure which appealing the quality of aesthetes, the idea of presenting the nature in building elements will connect the human hearts to heal the spirit of the building. The greatness which gives an icon to the society, the greatness live even if the reason gets extinct, just like nature… Some of Great bio architectural work gives me the inspiration to study nature. The observation and inspiration in nature is the actual design solution. What are the strategies and tools that Designers used to Develop their design? The world famous Painter Pablo Picasso: once quoted that;

Good artists copy; great artists steal. the idea of conception to be derived from nature to that advancement of the design approach. The building which has power to represents the beauty and strength, Possible by creating a strong relationship between its peoples through getting closer to their heart. With this principle some architects have done their duty very successfully, they were able to mark on the land and extend their creation towards the sky to show that humanity could survive even after its extinction. This dissertation will try to establish the connection between Design ideas, product, it’s peoples. The dissertation will go through the only Publics building like Museum Stadium, or A place for worship, etc. Why biomimicrySo where the ideas come from, the motive of this dissertation is to explore biomimicry and its process, by having some case study of existing works of Architect, and there a philosophy behind the building ‘concept and also this dissertation will explore the research and works of some architects who are working on a similar concept. How human saw the nature for inspiration throughout history. Evidence shows that peoples constructed the marvellous monuments to tribute for their mighty. Egyptian where built the marvellous structure to show their power and strength, And peoples of Egypt had worshipped those buildings they were believed that God is located somewhere inside the building. The design style of some architect pushes me to study the biomimicry. Almost every famous architect of our era observes nature to get inspiration for the concept. People with most inspirational are actually good observer who is able to take from the natural world and convert what they see into something that drives their creativity. The simplest things in biomimicry are to notice the natural elements and trying to observe how they react with their surroundings .For the evidence, there are numbers of example in innovation history. Like Leonardo, was the man with several talents has come with many solutions in his times which are still inspirational. We think that these peoples are extremely awesome in their innovation. Undoubtfully they were. But if you see closely they were good with observation skills too. They borrowed the Ideas from nature and become the most innovative man of history. Nature as a source of inspirationThe dissertation is about how to find a design solution in nature. at a point, the designer is going to mother nature for seeking the design solution for their problem. Nature is an infinite source of inspiration because what we doing today and what we are looking to make our environment good is already exist in nature. We have to observe nature as the source of inspiration. There are many solutions which have already solved by nature itself.

Aim and objectives-

9 The study will investigate the existing architecture building their physical structure and design concepts which are inspired by nature. To study the natural resource and how it implements in architecture. Because nature principle develops in their own harmonious way. MethodologyThis study will go through the following process. • •

Exploring the Nature based solutionThis dissertation will go through the useful information which helps me to understand the way nature works.

Analysis (literature, web based) Literature studyEvolution of biomimicry. Study of research papers. Presents use in architecture. Study of biological Elements. How to generate Concept by bio-mimicry. Data collection. Conclusion. Case Studies Step for analysis Live & web case studyAnalysis of site. Documentation. Psychological Impact. Concept evolution. Materials and Construction technique. Philosophy behind the design. Scale and proportion. Digital Model presentation. Conclusion after analysis case study and data collection

Chapter-2

Lesson from Nature

Nature and its lowsThe structure in nature is a great lesson for human study. Only the most successful structural form has survived. The Resourcefulness of material use, consistency with mathematical proportion, fundamental Nature has a tremendous capacity of knowledge, one who understands nature could apply its principle and elements to solve their design problems. This section will go through to the discussion of some natural principle which is applying in the stream of design through the history, In architecture some are the things which required attention, Structure in nature is a great lesson for architecture. Only the most successful structure forms have survived, the resourcefulness of the martial use, scale and proportion, fundamental structure systems, and ability to respond to a variety of climatic and environmental forces, make natural forms tremendous exemplars to numerous field in design. Scale and proportion –The Golden Section is intimately related to growth and nature- an egg, an apple blossom, a human face, a seashell. The great pyramid of Cheops is perhaps its most dramatic architectural expression, but the Parthenon’s façade fellow its as well, and charters Cathedra; abounds in golden section harmonies. The golden ration referred to as the Divine Proportion, the golden rectangle used in Parthenon. Interesting enough, each compartment is exactly 1.618 times larger than the previous compartment.

Beyond the idea of imitation plants and animal alone. The imitation was not imitated atom single example but the coned universal principle of the nature that was shared across all life. ‘ the creation of scared buildings echoes the creation of the universe, Ans both seek to fellow similar mathematical laws. Therefore the golden section phi is found to govern the growth of plants and animals. And is also the primary proportion found in scared buildings and monuments across antiquity

The study of the centre of a sunflower or a daisy, and you will see the same principle at work. Florists compose the centre of the sunflower and turn into seeds. The forests grow along a logarithmic, equal- angular spirals. At each stage of growth., the forests progress at same 1.618 proportions

The human body contains a rich system of proportion. The follwing are a few of the simplest and most common: the highest from a person’s head to the feet equals the distance foem ingertip to of the outstretched arm; the

11 rarion of the distance from the feet to the navel to person’s overall height is the golden section, 1:1.61. : the human body has numerious golden section proportion and permutation.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/da-vincis-the-vitruvian-man-history-golden-ratio-quiz.html the golden section can be simple tool that may be used to enhance the meaning and beauty of an architectural work. Designing building with this knowledge may create harmonizing, uplifting effects on those who experience them. When the structural lines of a building are designed according to principles of harmonic proportion, a natural aesthetic beauty results- beauty that can benefit those who work. Live and play those environments. Geometry in nature

Plant and species keep growing throughout there life. The unique pattern colour and design of there body cover inspired to Pattern and symmetry in nature. Natural patterns occur in leaves, flowers, and fungi and shells. If one observes the arrangement of leaves of different trees, he will see that they are arranged in a pattern around the stem. Designers noted this and also used this kind of pattern in the building of the structure. If you look at the different building you will notice that the bricks or blocks are arranged in different patterns as are the tiles of slates on the roof of the building. Body structure of animals-

the body structure of animals is a system of balanced beams and masses. Animals bodies, therefore, must be balanced otherwise they would fall over due to the pull of gravity. Here are two angles in relation to structure and stability.

Structure Strenght- the rabbit is an example of a form having an internal frame support system. It is in this frame. The skull, rib cage and spine that protect the internal organs of the rabbit from damage. The design of the skeleton is versatile and allows for freedom of movement without compromising on strength.

The tortoise, on the other hand, is an example of a fabric support structure. The fabric the shell is sufficient stiffness that it protect the tortoise from attack and also protects its internal organs from external forces. The structure of the rabbit and tortoise can be compared to frame and fabric supported structures, Frame supported structures tend to be flexible and allow for some degree of movement. fabric supported structures can be rigid and movement can result in damage to the structure.

Structure stability- stability is another factor that must be considered in relation to structure. Stability is concerned with the centre of the gravity of an object. If an object is to be stable then its; centre of gravity must fall within its base. In the case of the tortoise, it has a wide base, therefore, making it very stable. As can be seen, its centre of gravity falls well within its base. Its centre of gravity will only very slightly with the protrusion of its head. The rabbit, on the other hand, has much greater flexibility and it can change its position from sitting or standing to hop, without as Can see the centre of gravity remains within base each time. Keeping the rabbit stable. The structure that animals build- Insect and animals play a more active role in the building of their homes. The webs of the spider, the dam of a beaver or the structure of the termite are designed in such a manner so as to support the creature’s activities. The diagram opposite is a section of the honeycomb cell structure from a beehive. The honeycomb is constructed in such a way that it can contain the maximum amount of honey for the minimum amount of wall surface. This is turn requires the minimum amount of energy by the bees when constructing the beehive.

The spider web is one of the most fascinating and interesting structures constructed by animals. Although it may appear at a glace to be randomly constructed it follows a basic pattern as it outlianed in steps 1 to 07-

As with many natural structures, the spider's web is designed with functionality in mind. It is a perfect example of achiving maximum efficiency while not compromising on strength or resilience Spider’s web is formed from 100% of natural silk, which has a tensile strength that surpasses structural steel. Spider webs have been proven to be so resilient that in the test the web has been proven to be so resilient that tests the web to Structure system in nature;- living things have evolved structures that are so complex and so efficient that often man’s best efforts look clumsy in comparison. Structure mechanism of plant leaf- In a general observation found that the main rib of leaf is taper from the base, the point where whole weight of leaf is borne. The other sub-ribs are spring from the main rib in a regular pattern and taper from the centre to the edge. The whole leaf can be looked at as the way nature has evolved mechanically lightweight structure, which is able to survive in the condition of high wind speed and bear the heavy rainfall.

In the observation of Fibonacci Ratio- when leaves grow from the stem of the plant, the growth occurs in a spiral fashion around the stem. The spiral turns as it climbs. The amount of turning from one leaf to nest is a fraction of the complete rotation around the stem. If one count the number of complete rations and number of spaces the Fibonacci ratio is the number of rotations divided by the number of spaces. Nature space the leaves in this manner so that the higher leaves do not shade the lower leaves too much.

15 CHAPTER- 3

WHAT IS BIOMIMICRY

IntroductionBiomimetics or biomimicry is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. The terms “biomimetics" and "biomimicry" derive from Ancient Greek.----Wikipedia Biomimicry- biomimicry is a new discipline that studies nature’s best ideas and then imitates these design and process to solve human problems.---biomimicry.org Biomimicry, as it's called, is a method for creating solutions to human challenges by emulating designs and ideas found in nature. It's used everywhere: buildings, vehicles, and even materials—by Dallon Adams posted on January 28,2017 on Digital Trends Biomimicry is learning from and then emulating natural forms, processes, and ecosystems to create more circular designs. The core idea is that nature has already solved many of the problems we are grappling with: energy, food production, climate control, benign chemistry, transportation, collaboration, and more —biomimicry.org

Box Fish on Cobblers Reef

Bionic car

Source—Wikipedia

Biomimicry in architecture- Biomimicry in architecture means the practice of designing buildings and products that simulate or co-opt processes that occur in nature.---redshift by Autodesk.

the concept of the responsive facade is biomimetic too. It stems from the concept of spiky or fibrous husks that protect the fruit or the seeds inside. The facade of Esplanade Theatre, for example, mimics the semirigid skin of the durian plant which is covered in thorns to protect its inner content. The building’s exterior adjusts throughout the day to allow sunlight in without overheating the space.

Biomimicry in architecture not only produces creative systems but also induces creative thinking in Architects. Carl Hattrick developed a biomimicry spiral demonstrating a step-by-step process to turn natural strategies into creative design solutions: • • • • • •

Identify – make a list of the functions your building will perform. Translate – translate it to biological terms; i.e. think how nature does this function. Discover – discover the natural heroes who solve your challenges. Abstract – reinterpret the discovered strategies in architectural terms. Emulate – devise a design solution from the strategies. Evaluate – evaluate your design solution against your old brief from step 1 and against the natural rules you discovered in step 3.

The term biomimicry appeared as early as 1982. Biomimicry was popularized by scientist and author Janine Benyus in her 1997 book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. Biomimicry is defined in the book as a "new science that studies nature's models and then imitates or takes inspiration from these designs and processes to solve human problems". Benyus suggests looking to Nature as a "Model, Measure, and Mentor" and emphasizes sustainability as an objective of biomimicry.

Biomimetic technology If we want to consciously emulate nature's genius, we need to look at nature differently. In biomimicry, we look at nature as model, measure, and mentor Nature as model: Biomimicry is a new science that studies nature’s models and then emulates these forms, process, systems, and strategies to solve human problems – sustainably. The Biomimicry Guild and its collaborators have developed a practical design tool, called the Biomimicry Design Spiral, for using nature as model. Nature as measure: Biomimicry uses an ecological standard to judge the sustainability of our innovations. After 3.8 billion years of evolution, nature has learned what works and what lasts. Nature as measure is captured in Life's Principles and is embedded in the evaluate step of the Biomimicry Design Spiral. Nature as mentor: Biomimicry is a new way of viewing and valuing nature. It introduces an era based not on what we can extract from the natural world, but what we can learn from it. Principle of biomimicry Biomimicry innovation inspired by nature by Jannie benyus sets put that there are nine basic laws underpinning the concept of biomimicry. The biomimicry principle focus exclusively on nature’s attributes. Thereby implying that humans have much to learn from three billion years of the natural world evolutionary experience • • • • • • • • • •

Nine principle of nature- according to Jannie Benyus Nature runs on sunlight. Nature uses only the energy its needs. Nature fits form to function. Nature recycles everything. Nature rewards corporation. Nature bunks on diversity. Nature demands local expertise. Nature curbs excesses from within. Nature taps the power of limits.

Background- Nature has lots to teach us, Especially when it comes to architecture, so when it comes to building our best teacher is often natural environment. The nature world is one of the best example of something that is always changing our environment‘s ever shifting nature has allowed both plant and animal life involving and adapt to survive. The living things on this planet have gone through 3.8 billion year of research and development. Refining them into the perfectly appropriate and adapted solutions we see functioning around us today.

A 19th-century engraving showing Aboriginal people and humpy.

Silk Pavilion -by Neri Oxman mediated matter research group at MIT Media Lab. .

Concept- as argued before, the concept of the biomimicry it inters is nothing new. Human structure has borrowed form nature throughout history. Our first shelters, for example, were little more than upturned bird’s nests; formed of branched and insulated against element by whatever materials were readily available. In fact, one can say that biomimicry is not a new movement, but a return to our earliest inspirations. New technologies, however , have allowed us to investigate and replicate system that our ancestors were unable to exploit on grand scale.

Vernacular Burning homeIn biomimicry we look back to the future and into nature’s development/ evolution and uses something that’s right in front of you to improve our life’s and create new technology for mankind. This basic idea to combine biology and engineering is to help humanity treat nature better and in more harmony, so anyone from a single individual to largest enterprise, can create better products, become greener and work in harmony with nature. Historical originsArchitects and master-builders have been using nature as a source of inspiration long before the terms biomimicry—applying nature’s solution to human problems—can be trace back to humans. They observed to animal and mimic there hunting’s. shelter and survival behaviours.

While there is no proof. It is quite likely that the forms of egg inspired the first human made domes. Or that the tress inspired the invention of columns and tall skyscrapers that are so common today. In this sense biomimicry is fat from being a recent idea. Imhotep, an Egyptian polymath and the first recorded architect from around 2400. B.C.E was the first to translate the vernacular materials into stone-faced ashlar and pyramid shape and to abstract bundled reeds into columns’. The ancient Egyptian culture is abundant in to artefacts that were nature inspired. Most remaining artefacts were carved in store which allowed them to survive throughout time until rediscovered by modern archaeologists. ‘ one often finds motif on column for example driving from natural material that have been carried over from original materials into stone architecture forms.;

Statuette of Imhotep in the Louvre – Wikipedia

Pyramid of Djoser- Wikipedia

Columns were the most common imitators of nature, often taking inspiration from palms, lotus and papyrus plans. The hieroglyphs (Egyptian alphabets) also imitated natural shapes of nature, like birds’ feather or whole animal’s silhouette, which conveyed symbolic meanings.

Illustrated Column from Egyptian civilization – Wikipedia The Egyptian associated animals and plants with their functions and character sand therefore often imitated them to transmit information across time.’ Almost always their shapes echoed vegetable forms. Shafts, selling at the age to resemble a bunch of lotus stalks, stood upon circular stone bases, their budshaped capitals creating silhouette very common at the time, another was produced by a simple tapered shaft, crowned by inverted -Bess form of Ana open papyrus flower. In the hypostyle hall tat Karnak, the huge central columns tool their latter form, while the capitals of the Low order on either side imitated the shape of the a flower.;

21 This relationship with nature can be seen all through history- the Egyptian , Mayan Polynesian, Incan and many other ancient civilizations build monuments of devotion to a higher order and all these cultures had a strong relationship with life and natural world this meant that the inspiration had its source

In the 15

century, Leonardo Da Vinci took this this type of mimicry furthered when he was influenced by the birds and created drawing that depicted flying machines, Even the wright brothers’ spend time observing birds in flight and applied some of those principles to their airplane prototype. th

They were later adapted. Today the giants’ machines have conquered the lands seas. Sky, and even space but unfortunate that they all consume vast amounts of natural resource for its production,

A design for a flying machine (1488), Institute de France, Paris

Lifetimes usage and demolition. At the price of natural resource these machines enable humans to explore space but they are still unable to replant, re grow and rehabilitates the many ecosystems that inspired their creation and sustain their existence. These lifeless creatures that man continues giving bi Building such as Frank Lloyd wright’s Jonson Wax Building 1936-1939 In which the thin shell concrete and steel mesh column inspired by the anatomy of staghorn cholla cactus being to examine the possibilities of the architectural product of biomimicry. Example is the biosphere Montreal designed by Buckminster fuller for expo 67 Buckminster fuller perfected the mathematics to create geodesic dome, you can’t help but look t it and think of the structure in honeycombs.

We can look at history to find examples of times that biomimicry emerged in to the culture, usually in the form of a single inventor, like Leonardo da Vinci Antonio Gaudi, frank Lloyd wright , free Otto or Buckminster fuller, unfortunately, these were isolated instance , but not the start of succession, there was no body of work. No scholarship, no cohorts of students trained to be nature’ proteges. And so biomimicry went dormant again .

according to Vasari (a chronicler of Renaissance artists), the young Italian architect Filippo Brunelleschi had designed an unusually large and heavy dome for Santa Maria del Fiore, the new cathedral of Florence. City officials had asked to see his model, but he refused. Instead he proposed that anyone who could make an egg stand upright on a flat piece of marble should build the cupola, since in this way a man's intellect would be revealed. None was able to accomplish the feat. Whereupon Filippo was told to make it stand. He took the egg graciously and gave one end of it a blow on the flat piece of marble, thus making it stand upright. The craftsmen protested that they could have done the same. Filippo answered, laughing, that they could also raise the cupola, if they saw the model or the design. And so the decision was made to give Brunelleschi the commission to carry out the construction of the dome. When the Duomo was finally built it had the shape of half an egg slightly flattened at the top.

Chapter 4 -

Approaches to biomimicry

Approaches to biomimicry as design process typically fall into categories ; defining a human needs or design problem and looking to the way other organisms or ecosystem solve this, termed here design looking to biology, or identifying a particular characteristic, behaviour or function in an organism or ecosystem and translating that into human designs, referred to as biology influencing design,

Problem based-Approach The approach where designers look to living worked for solution requires designers to identify problems and biologists to then math these to organisms that have solved similar issues. This approach is effectively let by designers identifying initial goals for design.

Carl hattrick they represents the process in a spiral that would be visually understandable to designers. Researchers have this defined this approach through 6 definite steps. Which are similar to those defined by the biomimicry institute. • • • • • •

Step 1 : problem definition Step 2 : reframe the problem Step 3 : biological solution search Stet 4 : define the biological solution Step 5 : principle extraction Step 6 : principal application

( Michel helms, Swaroop S. Vattam And ashok k goel, 2009) Solution based- Approach When biological knowledge influences human design, the collaborative design process is initially dependant on people having knowledge of relevant biological or ecological research rather than on determined human design problems.

An advantage of this approach therefore is that biology many influence human in way that might be outside a predetermined design problem, resulting previously unthought of technologies or system or even approaches to design solution. The potential for true shifts in the way humans design and what is focused on as a solution to a problem, exists with such an approach to biomimetic design.

Research have to defined this approach to similarly through • • • • •

7 definite steps are:-

Step 1 : biological solution identification. Here, designer start with a particular biological solution in mind Step 2 :- define the biological solution Step 3 :- principle extraction Step 4 : reframe the solution In this case, Reframing forces designers to think in terms of how human might view the usefulness of the biological function being achieved. Step 5 : problem search

• •

Whereas search in the biological domain includes search through some finite space of documented biological solution, problem search may include defining entirely new problems. This is much different than the solution search step in the problem driven process Problem definition Principal application

Three Levels of mimicry-. Source- Wikipedia Biomimicry can work on three levels: the organism, its behaviours, and the ecosystem. Buildings on the organism level mimic a specific organism. Three Level of biomimicry Biomimicry can work on three levels: the organism; its behaviours, and ecosystem. Organism level - Building on the organism level mimic a specific organism. Working on this level alone without mimicking how the organism participates in larger context may not be sufficient to produce a building that integrates well with its environment because an organism always functions and responds to a larger context. On the organism level, the architecture looks to the organism itself, applying its form and/or functions to a building.

Gherkin

Venus Flower Basket (sponge-labelled)

Norman Foster’s Gherkin Tower (2003) has a hexagonal skin inspired by the Venus Flower Basket Sponge. This sponge sits in an underwater environment with strong water currents and its lattice-like exoskeleton and round shape help disperse those stresses on the organism. The Eden Project (2001) in Cornwall, England is a series of artificial biomes with domes modelled after soap bubbles and pollen grains. Grimshaw Architects looked to nature to build an effective spherical shape. The resulting geodesic hexagonal bubbles inflated with air were constructed of Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene

25 (ETFE), a material that is both light and strong The final superstructure weighs less than the air it contains.

Panoramic view of the geodesic biome domes at the Eden Project. Behavioural level – On the behaviour level, the building mimics how the organism interacts with its environment to build a structure that can also fit in without resistance in its surrounding environment.

Eastgate Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe The Eastgate Centre designed by architect Mick Pearce in conjunction with engineers at Arup Associates is a large office and shopping complex in Harare, Zimbabwe. To minimize potential costs of regulating the building's inner temperature Pearce looked to the self-cooling mounds of African termites. The building has no air-conditioning or heating but regulates its temperature with a passive cooling system inspired by the self-cooling mounds of African termites. The structure, however, does not have to look like a termite mound to function like one and instead aesthetically draws from indigenous Zimbabwean masonry. Ecosystem-level-

Building on the ecosystem level involves mimicking of how the environments many components work together and tend to be on the urban scale or a larger project with multiple elements rather than a solitary structure.

27 Case study-

Lotus temple

in postmodern era process of approaching design has changed dramatically. Its time when command on computers programme is more effective than usual drafting in early times. Architects were nowadays able to transform organic shapes into a wonderful building concept. Work like Zaha Hadid normal foster who are working continuously on giant organic building that is more creative than previous and faster too nature can teach us about the system, materials process structures and aesthetic. how nature solves the problems which are similar to human. We can extract timely solutions and find a new direction for our built environments.

Following are some case studies which analysis the organism and behaviours all well as structure inspiration from nature. Organism level

Address: Lotus Temple Rd, Bahapur, Shambhu Dayal Bagh, Kalkaji, New Delhi, Delhi 110019 Opened: 13 November 1986 Height: 34 m Architectural style: Expressionist architecture Architect: Fariborz Sahba Period of construction 21 April 1980 to 210decemberv1986. Six year eight month Total cast of the buildingTen crore rupees. Including furniture and landscape.

.The interior has capacity for 2500 people

Architect

FariborzSahba Born- Faiborz Shahba 1948 , place Mashhad, Islamic republic Of Iran Residence Lev Region, Between United States and Canada nationality- Iranian Mixed- ancestry Americans Religion- Bahai Faith

HALF OPEN LOTUS FLOWER Concept – Mr Fariborz Sabha had travelled extensively in India to study the architecture of this land and was impressed by the design of the temples, as well as by the art and religious symbols where the lotus invariably played an important role. He was influenced by this experience, and in an attempt to bring out the concept of purity, simplicity and freshness of BAHA’ I FAITH, he conceived the temple in Delhi in the form of a lotus. Why Lotus flower In brief, the lotus represents the Manifestation of God and is also a symbol of purity and tenderness. Its significance is deeply rooted in the minds and hearts of the Indians. In the epic poem Mahabharata, the

29 Creator Brahma is described as having sprung from the lotus that grew out of Lord Vishnu's navel when that deity lay absorbed in meditation,

Geometry of lotus temple-

The Beautiful concept of the lotus, as conceived by the architect, had to be converted into definable geometrical shapes like sphere, cylinders, toroid and cones. These shapes were translated into equations., which were then used as a basis for structural analysis and engineering drawing. The resulting geometry was so complex that took the designers over two a half years to complete the detail drawing of the lotus temple.

Concept of lighting and water in lotus temple. Actually, the whole lotus temple is designed to work for the skylight. The interior dome is spherical and patterned after an innermost portion of the lotus flower. Light enters the hall same way as it passes through the inner fold so the lotus petals. The interior dome… Surrounding water body-

333Regarding the use of water, a glance at the design will show that the nine pools around the building form the principal landscaping. At the same time, they represent the green leaves of the lotus afloat on water ClimateSite has a semi climate, with an extremely hot summer =, average rainfall and very cold winter. TopographyThe site is sloping down naturally towards north west direction. The level difference between northeast and southwest is about 10 m There are natural concurs as well as manmade contours in form of grass slope. The temple is built on highest area the site. Site contextone can see lotus temple from traveling in Delhi metro. The landscape of the temple area is very vast and clear even plant in size to not cover the view of temple. One can easily see the lotus temple view from any direction. The main axis of the site is sloping towards the temple so the temple view form the main leading crista is very dominating and grad. Natural ventilation-

/ the building would act as a chimney, drawing up warm air from within the hall and expelling it through the top of the dome. Thus, constant draughts of cool air passing over the pools and through the basement flow into the hall and out through the opening at the top. This ventilation is complemented in two other ways: a set of exhaust fans is arranged in the dome to cool the concrete shell and prevent transference of heat into the Temple, while another set of fans funnel air from the auditorium into the cold basement, where it is cooled and recycled back into the auditorium.

symbol of greatness-

Conclusion-

Case study-

Bird Nest Stadium

Exterior view of the stadium at night, overlooking the Dragon Shaped Water System, July 2011 Source_ Beijing National Stadium also known as the “bird’s nest” is a stadium in Beijing china. The stadium was jointly designed by architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre De Meuron , project Architect Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei. The stadium was designed to used throughout the 2008 supper Olympics and Paralympics. The bird’s nest sometimes has some extra temporary large screen installed at the stands of the stadium. China invited global level competition for design concept of the stadium with world class facility. Which would have to become the icon of 2008 Olympics games as well as icon of Beijing. There were thirteen entry selected from best Architects of world. An architect groups Herzog & De Meuron designed was selected. The prototype model looks like bird’s nest showed in exhibition to peoples of china. It was very eye catching to everyone, Lastly the Nest scheme design become official in April 2003.

The design was awarded to a submission from the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron in April 2003, after a bidding process that included 13 final submissions. The design, which originated from the study of Chinese ceramics,

implemented steel beams in order to hide supports for the retractable roof; giving the stadium the appearance of a "Bird's nest". Ai Weiwei, the artistic consultant, played a critical role in pushing the design to have unique Chinese characteristics. The retractable roof was later removed from the design after inspiring the stadium's most recognizable aspect.

reign period and dynasty marks on Chinese porcelain 1403-1909

Drawing from of the structural strength and beauty of natural object trend as architects and designers today have become increasingly interested in the efficient use to energy and materials, Beijing National Stadium, an excellent examples of the use of these biometric principles in modern architecture. As implied by its nick name a bird’s nest: the stadium rise out of the landscape into the shape of a giant upturned bird’s nest. The seemingly random pattern of the steel structural members as the twinges is actually governed by advanced geometrical rules to ensure a compact and optimum design. Seating bowl was established first, with the outer facade wrapping around it. The design ensure that all spectators are as close as possible to the action and have clear sight lines. Its was the first its kind of fabrication in the world, so! Without any previous experience architects and designer work very effetely to make the nest feasible on land go Beijing. As much construction progress the challenge progress too. With news of tooton town loss because of dangerous earthquake designer have to make the entire structure earthquake resistance to it could survive it earthquake hits it.

Source__Arch 308: Architecture & Society – By Salvatore Ballone

Challenge were very critical to designers

Concept-

Ther was many inspiration from nature one which is come in final shape is bird’s nest. Architect of stadium consult with local artist Ai Weiwei during the discussion between architects and artist they all come up with the an idea to shape the building in a old Chinese pots which pull the peoples of china to close to the stadium. The stadium consists of two independent structures, standing 50feet apart. A red concrete seating bowl and the outer steel frame around it.

Conclusion The conclusion is based on the research result of this dissertation in which two case study has been done. Both structures are on monuments scale and have a unique identity because of their shape and artistic design, which are no doubt are a great example of mimicking organic shape in there form to make them stable of ground for a long time. both the structure has an identity on a global level because there building strategies because when both structures were built there was no prior experience. The whole new strategies were adopted to transformed the building in the form of their inspiration. There is similarities in both Structure like both are designed for public use .one is holy place where payer organized regularly second is for sport and recreational activity. architect of both structure were try to build something which mean to people and let the people fell t he enjoyment of life in it. Both the building become the successful example of creation by human where people can celebrate their life. There are definitely some drawbacks to the way life design which is probably will not want to imitates. mostly pointed out the work where a Architect tries to achieve unique form of building.

41 1

BIBLIOGRAPHY •

BIOMIMICRY: INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE JANINE M. BENYUS

• • • • • • •

BIOMIMICRY-ARCHITECTURE LEARNT FROM THE NATURE BY ATEEB HUSSEIN BIOPHILIC DESIGN + BIOMIMICRY BY SHELBY BURNETT BIOMIMICRY BY SAHIL VIRMANI BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE BY NADIA SAFRONOVA BIOMIMICRY INSPIRATION BY SADIA SAFRONOVA BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE BY GIORGIO BERTINI EXTRACTS FROM INTERVIEWS WITH THE ARCHITECT MR.FARIBORZ SABHA

2 REFERENCES https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1059982 https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/03/06/artists-steal/ https://www.ted.com/talks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4dVgbuxBAw https://www.wikipedia.org/ https://biomimicry.org/ https://asknature.org https://www.ted.com/search?cat=playlists&q=BIOMIMICRY https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/biomimicry-examples/

https://blog.essaybasics.com/nature-is-the-best-teacher-essay-sample/ https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/ https://www.esplanade.com/ https://www.arch2o.com/biomimicry-enhances-architecture/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janine_Benyus

https://archleague.org/ev15-neri-oxman/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRZ7FqAVjWM https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRRwnm9JgcT8kU3cd5iLS7A https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Temple http://www.bahaihouseofworship.in/ http://www.bahai.in/ https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/04/17/religion-journal-the-making-of-delhis-lotustemple/ https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpturearchitecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-dome-of-the-cathedral-of-florence-1420-36 https://www.florenceinferno.com/the-brunelleschi-dome/ http://www.n-s.cn/ http://www.n-s.cn/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfqTtjucJHAiIFY4Mq_pIdg https://www.ted.com/talks/neri_oxman_design_at_the_intersection_of_technology_and_biology?l anguage=en https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/biomimicry-in-architecture/

3 WORKS CITED 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) Foster + Partners Architects: Norman Foster, Ken Shuttleworth Eden Project Nicholas Grimshaw Eastgate Centre, Harare Architect: Mick Pearce Lotus Temple Architect: Fariborz Sahba

National Stadium (BIRD NEST STADIUM) Pierre de Meuron, Ai Weiwei, Jacques Herzog, Li Xinggang Architecture firms: Herzog and de Meuron, ArupSport, China Architecture Design & Research Group