1
2
Contents Akava 2011
3
E l Employment t prospects t
4
Extending working careers
10
Wellbeing at work
16
Salaries
20
Taxation of salary earners
25
Education
29
Entrepreneurship
34
Organisation
37
This publication can be found on the Internet at www.akava.fi/en/. Printing house: Kirjapaino Uusimaa, 2011 ISBN: 978-952-5628-42-5
A Glance at Akava 2011
3
Akava 2011
Akava, the Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland, is one of the three independent trade union confederations in Finland
Akava’s 34 affiliates have a total membership of 553,000 including approx. 102,000 student members
Akava’s unionisation rate is about 70 per cent. 27 per cent of trade union members in Finland are Akava members.
Akava represents the interests of professionals and managerial staff and others with a high level of education.
Akava oversees its members’ economic, professional and other common interests.
A Glance at Akava 2011
4
Employment p y prospects p p
Unemployment among those with a master’s degree or equivalent is higher than ever before.
A high level of education and unemployment in highly educated individuals is concentrated in the younger age groups. The recent decrease in unemployment has, however, focused mainl on those who mainly ho ha have e jjust st grad graduated. ated
The biggest single reason for graduate unemployment is that student intakes are too high in some fields.
Better anticipation of educational needs is crucial for reducing unemployment in the future.
Public sector employment and training services should also serve the needs of highly educated people.
Fixed term employment remains common in public administration jobs and among young women.
Fixed term employment p y contracts should not be used without jjustification.
A Glance at Akava 2011
5
Unemployment p y rate 1990–2009 by y educational level,, % %
%
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 Basic education only 15 14 13 12 11 Upper secondary 10 9 All 8 Lowest level of tertiary 7 education d ti and d llower 6 degree level 5 4 3 Higher degree level of tertiary education t ti d ti & 2 doctorate 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 (62,000) 15 14 13 12 11 (115,000) 10 9 8 7 (221,000) 6 (31,000) 5 4 (13,000) 3 2 1 0 2009 2010
Source: Statistics Finland, Labour force statistics; Akava’s own estimation
A Glance at Akava 2011
6
Unemployed Akava members in selected fields fields, January 2011 Decrease
Increase
Bachelor of Engineering Bachelor of Business Administration Master of Engineering Master of Humanities Master of Business Master of Natural Sciences Master of Social Sciences Master of Arts Bachelor of Social Services Bachelor of Economics Master of Education Doctorate Bachelor of Humanities Master of Law Licentiate Bachelor of Nursing Bachelor of Natural Sciences Master of Agriculture Master of Theology Architect Pharmacist Master of Medicine Master of Dentistry -1 000
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
January 2011
Change per previous 12 months
4 661
-572
2 075
-251
1 816
134
1 737
-111
1 320
-108
1 260
-81 81
988
-27
646
-26
620
-60
597
-16
567
-80 80
470
32
436
-60
315
-3
280
-11
240
-42
219
-17
189
-10
141
7
111
-15
74
-9
72
-2
22
-4
5 000
Excluding persons laid off, situation 31.1.2011 Source: Statistics of Ministry of Employment and the Economy
A Glance at Akava 2011
7
Employment p y rate by y age, g 2009 % 100 90
100
Highly educated
90
80
80
All wage and salary earners
70
70
60
60
50
50
All
Highly educated
Employment rate, %
68.2
85.9
Unemployment rate, %
8.4
4.1
Outside labour force, %
25.6
10.4
40 30 20 10
40 30 20 10
0
0 Under 20
20–29
30–39
40–49 Age group
50–59
60–64
Persons with at least a master’s degree Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
8
Employment p y rate among g older age g groups, g p , 2000–2009 55–59 years of age %
All
100
100
Hi hl educated Highly d t d 86
90
85
88 88
All
Highly educated
90 80
80 70 60
60–64 years of age
%
59
63
65
66
66
65
67
68
71
71
70 60
56
57
60
57
50
50 40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0 00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
23
00
25
01
26
02
27
03
29
04
34
05
39
37
06
07
41
08
39
09
Persons with at least a master’s degree Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
9
Employment p y relationships p in Finland in 2009, %
Akava members
All wage and salary earners
6%
13 %
12 % 11 %
Permanent full-time work
Permanent full-time work
Fixed term full-time work
Fixed term full-time work
Part-time work
Part-time work
82 %
76 %
Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
10
Extending working careers
Working careers must be extended in order to secure the funding base for public services and to ensure that tax levels remain reasonable.
Akava supports the aim of raising the average retirement age of wage and salary earners by three years in the period to 2025.
Retirement is more commonly due to unemployment and incapacity for work than to reaching pensionable age.
The solution lies in workplaces, as it is here that employees make their retirement decisions based on factors such as the conditions in the workplace. Simply raising the age of retirement will not solve the problem.
Attention must be focused on the entire working career. The length of working careers will increase only if
we ensure the availability of work for recent graduates we create incentives for working age people to continuously develop their skills employees’ l ’ capacity it for f workk and d employability l bilit are retained t i d throughout th h t their th i working ki career employers retain their older employees and age discrimination is ended.
A Glance at Akava 2011
11
Average working life expectancy by five-year age b d given band, i in i no. off years in i 2007 Years
63 65
5
5
4,5
4,5
4
4
3,5
3,5
3
3
2,5
2,5
2
2
1,5
1,5
1
1
0,5
0,5
0,0 15–19 18
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
E.g: 50–54-year-old employees will continue working for an average of 3.9 years over the next five years
45–49
50–54
55–59
Average age for retiring on disability pension was 52.1 in 2009
60–64
65–69
0
Average age for retiring on old-age old age pension was 63.1 in 2009
Calculations by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health indicate that, if the working population continues to have a foreshortened active working life, costs of approximately EUR 25bn per year will result (premature retirement EUR 21bn 21bn, absence due to sickness EUR 2bn and occupational accidents EUR 2bn) 2bn). Sources: Study for the European Commission, the Finnish Centre for Pensions / Arto Laesvuori and the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
A Glance at Akava 2011
12
Persons retiring in 2009 and 2010 with a pension based on their own work history by pension benefit 59
N Normal l old-age ld pension i
51 32
Disability pension
30 5
Unemployment pension
14 4
Early old-age pension
1 0
•
2009; total 79,600 persons
1
p p pension for farmers Special
•
2010; total 70,700 persons
4
10
20
30
40
50
60 %
In 2009 for the first time more people retired on a normal old-age pension than on a disability disabilit or an unemployment nemplo ment pension. pension Average age of those retiring, years: 2009 2010 • Old-age pension 63.4 63.5 • Unemployment pension 60.3 60.9 • Disability pension 52.1 52.0 • All 59.5 59.6
Source: Statistics of Finnish Centre of Pensions
A Glance at Akava 2011
13
Persons retiring on disability pension in 2000 and 2010, by main diagnosis 2010
Share 2010, %
2000 7,781
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
7,078 6,589
Mental disorders
29 %
6,571 1,739
Diseases ot the circulatory system
7%
2,463 6 789 6,789
Other diseases
30 %
6,727 0
2000
34 %
4000
6000
8000
10000
persons
 Both in 2000 and in 2010 approx. 23,000 persons retired on a disability pension.  In 2010 almost one in three of these was due to a mental disorder. Disability pensions based on person’s own work history Source: Statistics of Finnish Centre of Pensions
A Glance at Akava 2011
14
Average g intended age g of retirement of Akava members 1997*
61.2
2001*
61.3
2004*
62.0
2008**
62.8
2010***
63.2 58
59
60
61
62
63
64 Years
 Three in four persons think they will stay in working life at least until the age of 63. The employee pension scheme reform of 2005 has achieved the desired results. Sources: *) Akava Member Opinion Polls **) Statistics Finland, Quality of Work life Survey ***) Survey by TNS Finland commissioned by Akava, autumn 2010
A Glance at Akava 2011
15
Factors enabling g Akava members to remain longer g in working g life Important
Not very important
Meaningless
80
certainty JobJob certainty
16
69
Reduction in pace work Reduction in pace ofofwork
27
62
Improvement of leadership skills Improvement of leadership skills
61
Improvement of working environment Improvement of working environment
59
More flexible working hours More flexible working hours
49
Job alternation or sabbatical leave Job alternation or sabbatical leave
48
36
Part-time pension Part-time pension
47
40
Reduction of workload load Reduction of work
47
10
20
Total number of respondents: 1,094 Source: survey by TNS Finland commissioned by Akava, autumn 2009
7 10 10 16 13 7 9
49
9
47
35 0
32
46
38
in work assignments Change Change in work assignments
7
47
41
possibilities I Increased d education dIncreased ti education & training t i &i training possibilities ibiliti
30
41
45
Improvement of rehabilitation possibilities Improvement of rehabilitation possibilities
4
31
Improvement of occupational services Improvement of occupational healthhealth carecare services
Rise in Rise insalary pay
4
15
52 30
40
50
60
12 70
80
90
100 %
A Glance at Akava 2011
16
Wellbeing at work
Akava members work long hours and do more overtime than other salary earners, and often without compensation. Regular long working hours cause stress among employees and therefore have an impact on their health and wellbeing.
The risk of burnout is higher among the highly educated than among other salary earner gro ps Mental stress can occ groups. occurr e e.g. g when hen work ork is demanding and has a high le level el of responsibility, when working hours are long, and when there is a lack of support from a superior.
Wellbeing at work is also adversely affected by the presence of violence violence, harassment or other inappropriate behaviour or treatment in the workplace.
The right balance must be made between work and the level of human resources.
Working hours monitoring and time sheets must keep track of the actual number of hours worked, whether at the workplace, remotely or during business trips.
Training and orientation for managers and supervisors must include more health and safety and d other th llabour b protection t ti iissues th than iis currently tl th the case.
A Glance at Akava 2011
17
Risk of burnout or mental health disorder All
Serious burnout
1997 2008
Men
Women
53 Upper-level employees 59
1997 50 Upper-level employees 2008 56
Lower-level employees
47 Lower-level employees 54
42 Lower-level employees 46
50
Manual workers
44 Manual workers 44
42 Manual workers 40
49
Upper-level employees
26 Upper-level employees 32
23 Upper-level employees 27
Lower-level employees
24 Lower-level employees 30
23 Lower-level employees 25
Upper-level employees
1997 2008
57 63
56 53
Mental health disorder
18 20
Manual workers 0
20
18
Manual workers
%
40
60
80
20
24 31 19
Manual workers
%
17 0
30 37
40
60
80
%
29 0
20
40
60
80
Refers to those who experience obvious risk or think about it sometimes; wage and salary earners working full time Source: Statistics Finland, Quality of Work Life Surveys
A Glance at Akava 2011
18
Overtime work in 2009 Without compensation
Akava members
With compensation
7
Men Women
Both
14 9
Overtime hours/ week
7.8
1 14
5
8.5
1
14
6.8
2
Employer Private
9
State
16
5
Municipality
9
4
All wage and salary earners
7.4
2
12
3
8.0
2
7.1
0
14
7.3
1
Socio-economic groups Upper-level employees
7
Lower-level Lower level employees
15
1
14
Manual workers 0 0
7.8
0
14 5
1
57 5.7
0 10
8.2 15
20
25
30 %
Wage and salary earners working full time; overtime compensation in money or free time Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
19
Persons who worked at least 48 hours/week, 2009
All wage and d salary l earners Akava members: All Men Women Employer:
11
106
12
23
15
15
9
Private State Municipality Position in organisation: Legislators, senior officials and managers Professionals Technicians and associate p professionals Others Teaching professionals
7
15
16
11
2
7
4
22 11
2
7
1
6 5
10 7
9
0
Estimated number of persons who worked at least 48 hours/week, 1,000 persons
3 10
15
20
%
Wage and salary earners in full-time work Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
20
Salaries
A person’s salary must appropriately reflect the job’s educational requirement and responsibilities and the results achieved.
Differences in pay between men and women in the same or comparable jobs must be eliminated.
Women’s career progression must be accelerated.
In female-dominated fields where women are underpaid in relation to level of education and job responsibilities this shortfall in pay must be redressed.
The purchasing power of highly educated people must be on the same level as other developed countries. In addition to salaries, purchasing power is also affected by taxation and the price level.
In overall terms, salary trends must support the purchasing power and employment of salary earners.
Earnings-related g unemployment p y or sickness allowances should be defined in the same way y as they are when the payments are collected, i.e. the kinks in defining the allowances should be ironed out.
A Glance at Akava 2011
21
Total earnings g in 2009 Akava members mean, euros/month
All wage and salary earners in Finland mean, euros/month
State (incl. universities)*
3,930
3,330
Municipalities
3,600
2,730
Private enterprises
4 230 4,230
3 100 3,100
Men
4,430
3,360
Women
3,510
2,690
All
3,960
3,020
Employer sector:
Distribution of total earnings (without bonuses) F10 2,380
Akava members
F90 5,800
F10 1,900
All wage and salary earners in Finland 1400
1900
F90 4,410 2400
2900
3400
3900
4400
4900
5400
5900
Wage and salary earners working full time; total earnings in table include bonuses *) From the beginning of 2010 the university sector is included in the private sector (private enterprises) Source: Statistics Finland, Structure of Earnings, 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
22
Total earnings g of wage g and salary y earners by y level of education in 2009,, euros/month Number of persons in wage and salary statistics (1,000)
Total
3,020
1,397
Primary & lower secondary education
2,540
182
Upper secondary education
2,600
587
Lowest level of tertiary education
3,070
Lower-degree g level tertiary education
230
3 280 3,280
Higher-degree level tertiary education
189
4,260
Doctorate
188
5,160 0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
4 500
5 000
5 500
20 6 000
euros/month
Wage and salary earners working full time; total earnings include bonuses Source: Statistics Finland, Structure of earnings, 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
23
Gross earnings g per p year y in private p sector 2010 Western Europe = 100
Middle management and professionals2)
Clerical/Technicians 1) Switzerland Denmark Luxembourg Norway Germany Belgium Austria Western Europe Netherlands Finland Ireland Sweden France Italy Spain United Kingdom Portugal
170 129 123 120 119 107 105 100 97 92 89 86 80 76 75 74 57 0
50
100
150
Western Europe = 100
200
Switzerland Luxembourg Germany Denmark N Norway Austria Belgium Western Europe N th l d Netherlands Ireland Italy France United Kingdom Finland Spain Sweden Portugal
152 122 119 112 106 103 103 100 98 97 93 88 87 85 84 83 68 0
50
100
150
200
Western Europe = 100
1) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 2,900 euros/month; Grade 8 = Graduate/Administrator in Global job value framework of Watson Wyatt 2) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 5,300 euros/month. Grade 14 = Middle Managers Source: 2010/2011 WWDS Global 50 Remuneration Planning Report
A Glance at Akava 2011
24
Relative p purchasing g power p of salaries in private p sector 2010 Western Europe = 100
Middle management and professionals 2)
Clerical/Technicians 1) Switzerland Luxembourg Germany Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium p Western Europe Austria Denmark Norway Sweden Spain France Finland Italyy Portugal
Switzerland Luxembourg Germany g United Kingdom Ireland Western Europe Spain France Netherlands Austria Belgium Italy Portugal Sweden Norway Denmark Finland
154 151 119 113 110 101 101 100 98 91 88 88 86 82 79 71 69 0
50
100
150
Western Europe = 100
200
147 144 125 120 110 100 98 98 98 97 89 83 81 80 79 78 73 0
50
100
150
200
Western Europe= 100
1) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 2,900 euros/month; Grade 8 = Graduate/Administrator in Global job value framework of Watson Wyatt 2) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 5,300 euros/month. Grade 14 = Middle Managers Source: 2010/2011 WWDS Global 50 Remuneration Planning Report
A Glance at Akava 2011
25
Taxation of salary earners
Employees’ taxation must not be increased at any salary level. Taxes on wages should be reduced where possible, with the aim of achieving the EU 15 level in all income groups. The highest tax rate must be limited to 50%.
In the future, economic growth will be almost entirely dependent on productivity.
The driver for development in productivity is currently competence.
The results of work achieved through competence should receive sufficient rewards.
A large percentage of the increase in the profitability and productivity of work currently goes into taxes.
A Glance at Akava 2011
26
Pay y and taxes: Akava members and other wage g and salary y earners
Akava members Wage and salary earners (1,8 million)
Other wage g and salary y earners 18
W Wages and d salaries l i bill (62 (62,5 5 billi billion euros))
82
25
Taxes and payments (16,2 billion euros)
75
30
70
By type of tax: State income taxes (4,7 billion euros)
39
61
Municipal tax (9,6 billion euros)
27
73
Pension and unemployment insurance contributions (2,9 billion euros)
25
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 %
Employees who have worked at least 6 months full time with income over 11,765 euros per year Source: Statistics Finland, Income Distribution Statistics 2008
A Glance at Akava 2011
27
Average personal income tax for single wage and salary earners in Finland and in other Western European countries in 2010, % %
54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14
45,7
Finland 42,1
36,2
34 5 34,5
29 8 29,8 24,9
Other Western European countries*)
29,6
22,3
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
110 000
54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14
120 000
Income per year 2010, euros
*) N Netherlands, th l d Belgium, B l i Spain, S i United U it d Kingdom, Ki d Italy, It l A Austria, ti N Norway, F France, S Sweden, d G Germany, S Switzerland it l d and dD Denmark. k Excluding Estonia. One-person household. Source: Taxpayers’ Association of Finland, International Wage Tax Survey 2010
A Glance at Akava 2011
28
Average personal income tax rate in 2010 for income of 4,580 euros/month Belgium
46,6
Germany
42,3
Italy
40,1
Austria
38,2
Denmark
37,7
Finland
36,2
Holland
35,9 ,
Sweden
34,9
France
33,7
Spain
29,4
Norway
29,0
USA
28,6
United Kingdom
27 5 27,5
Estonia
23,1 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
%
One-person household with income of 57,300 euros per year Source: Taxpayers’ Association of Finland, International Wage Tax Survey 2010
A Glance at Akava 2011
29
Education
Higher education funding should be based on quality.
One criteria in the assessment of productivity should be quality of employment employment.
The employment perspective must extend to all education.
The competence targets in academic degrees should include working life skills, working ability and d coping i att work. k
In anticipating education, we must move away from rigidly anticipating number of degrees to anticipating competence needs and the flexibility of degree contents.
Less money is spent on education in Finland per student than in the OECD countries on average, and as a result the ratio of students to teachers in institutes of higher education is too high.
Research shows that the period after graduation affects a person's career path long into the future.
Persons who became unemployed upon graduation during the recession of the 1990s continue ti tto have h poorer employment l t prospects t than th their th i peers iin th the same age b bracket k t and younger people. It is therefore important that people find jobs that match their educational level soon after graduation graduation. A Glance at Akava 2011
30
Population p by y level of education, 1975–2017 % 100 90 80
Tertiary education *** 11
15
21
Secondary education ** 23
25
35
30 34
60
36
38
50
30
27
20
70
40
Primary education *
39 46
69 55
20
45
41
37
34
10
19
0
1975
1985
1995
2000
2005
Population aged 15 and older *)) No o educa educational o a qua qualification ca o beyo beyond d co compulsory pu so y educa education o **) Matriculation examination or lowest level tertiary education qualification ***) Lower or higher degree in tertiary education Source: Statistics Finland, Educational Institutions
2009
Estimation 2017
A Glance at Akava 2011
31
Akava members and total labour force in 2009 by educational level, % Doctorate
7
Highest level academic degrees of licentiate and doctorate (scientific post-graduate degrees)
1
Higher-degree level tertiary education
50
Mainly M i l higher hi h university i it degrees d (master’s ( t ’ level), l l) specialist’s degrees in medicine, graduate engineers
12
Lower-degree level tertiary education
24
Mainly polytechnic degrees and lower university degrees
Lowest level tertiary education Vocational college education. Examples of vocational college qualifications include Technician Engineer, Diploma in Business and Administration and Diploma in Nursing
11
Akava members
11
Total labour force
18 6
Upper secondary education Gives general eligibility for tertiary education
43 2
Primary & lower secondary education
15 0
20
40
60
Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009
A Glance at Akava 2011
32
Persons with higher-degree level education in Finland and in some other countries in 2008 25–64 years of age Japan
25–34 years of age Japan
43
USA
55–64 years of age
41
55
USA
40
Norway
46
Finland
29
45
Norway
28
Finland
37
Ireland
Norway
36
Denmark
43
Switzerland
27
Denmark
34
Belgium
42
England
27
Ireland
34
USA
42
Sweden
26
Switzerland
34
Sweden
41
Holland
26
England
33
France
41
Denmark
26
Belgium
32
Holland
40
Japan
26
Holland
32
Spain
39
Germany
Sweden
32
Switzerland
38
Belgium
24 22
Spain
29
England
38
OECD
OECD
28
Finland
38
Ireland
19
France
27
OECD
EU19
18
Germany
25
EU19
EU19
25
Greece
Greece 18
Greece
15 15
19
Italy
Portugal
14
Portugal %
16
Austria
Austria
40
24
20
10
Portugal
14 0
17
Spain
20
14
20
28
Italy
Italy
0
France
32
Germany
23
Austria
35
20
40
%
8 0
20
40
%
In addition to university and polytechnic degrees, higher-degree level tertiary education also includes some l lowest t level l l ttertiary ti education d ti qualifications, lifi ti such h as ttechnicians h i i and d di diplomas l iin B Business i and d Ad Administration i i t ti Source: OECD, Education at a Glance 2010
A Glance at Akava 2011
33
Education costs p per student in Finland and in OECD countries, 2007
4,790 5,450
Pre-primary education Primary & lower secondary education
Finland OECD countries
6,230 6,740 7,830 8,270
U Upper secondary d education d ti
13,570 12 910 12,910
y education Tertiary incl. research & development
12,910
Tertiary education
8,970
excl research & development excl.
0
Figures are purchasing power adjusted Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2010
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000 USD
A Glance at Akava 2011
34
Entrepreneurship
Akava membership includes about 25,000 self-employed persons and entrepreneurs. Akava is one of Finland’s largest entrepreneurial organisations.
62 per cent of these persons are full-time and 38 per cent part-time.
More than half operate p in the field of social services and health.
The highly educated make up a large percentage of the group of entrepreneurs who are planning to increase the size of their business in the next few years.
Academically educated people have great entrepreneurial potential potential.
Akava aims to increase entrepreneurial training at all educational levels.
The key challenge faced by highly educated entrepreneurs is to secure the same social security benefits as salary earners.
A Glance at Akava 2011
35
Akava’s entrepreneurial/self-employed p p y members, 2010
Social services and health care 9%
Agriculture, forestry and environment 4%
Technology and natural sciences 16 %
Medical doctors in all specialisations 45 % Social sciences 26 % Among Akava’s membership there are approx. 25,000 full- or part-time entrepreneurs and self-employed persons. Source: Akava’s affiliates
A Glance at Akava 2011
36
Entrepreneurs and self-employed persons by level of education in Finland, 1997 and 2008 1997
%
2008
50 45
42
44
40 35
32
30 25
24
22
20
20 15 10
7
10
5 0
Primary & lower secondary education
Upper secondary education
Lower-degree level tertiary education
Higher-degree level tertiary education
Primary production excluded Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics; Ministry of Employment and the Economy, The Entrepreneurship Review 2010
A Glance at Akava 2011
37
Organisation
The Akava confederation is strong, with a uniform purpose and impact.
Akava promotes the success and security of its members.
Members receive quality representation throughout their membership period.
O aim Our i iis th thatt 80 per centt off allll the th potential t ti l members b iin our affiliates ffili t will ill jjoin i Ak Akava.
Akava membership is continuously growing. New affiliate unions and individuals are joining all the time.
Akava members work in demanding professions that significantly contribute to Finland’s success.
Students play an important role in the Akava community.
A Glance at Akava 2011
38
Number of Akava members 1,000 members
600
600 523 500
375
400
300
265
200
162
100 42 0 1970
1980
1990
2000
2011
Aim 2015
Source: Akava’s affiliates
A Glance at Akava 2011
39
Membership p of each of the three main employee p y confederations as a percentage of all wage and salary earners in Finland, 1970–2010 % 80
80
75
75
70
70
65
65
60
60
55
SAK; 1,043,000
50
55 50
45
45
40
40
35 30
STTK+TVK
STTK; 614,000
30
25 20 15 10
35
25
Akava; 547,000
20 15 10
5
5
0
0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1993 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Employee confederations’ cost distribution 24.5.2010
A Glance at Akava 2011
40
Number of student members in Akava 110 000
101,950 100 000
91,200 90 000 80 000 70 000
64,100
60 000 50 000
49,000
40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 1996
2000
2005
2011
Source: Akava’s affiliates
A Glance at Akava 2011
41
Reasons for membership in an Akava member organisation, g % Of some significance
Pay related benefits in case of unemployment
Very important
17
Security in pay and employment conditions
73
28
Membership provides general security
61
36
Well-educated Well educated should stick together
49
39
Services and allowances for members
34
51
At present it is customary to be a member
21
34
Professional development
30
42
Professional activities in the organisation
20
34
11 %
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Source: Akava Member Opinion Poll 2011
A Glance at Akava 2011
42
Akava’s organisation for negotiations Akava Akava’s Public Sector Negotiation Commission JUKO The Delegation of Professional and Managerial Employees YTN Employees in Technical and Basic Service Professions KTN Organisations collective Organisations’ agreements Entrepreneurs p and self-employed persons
Central organisation agreements g Tripartite agreements Coordination
Employers and g government
Collective Agreements (public sector)
Office for Government as Employer Commission for Local Authority Employers Church
Collective Agreements
Confederation of Finnish Industries EK and its affiliates
Collective C ll ti Agreements (public sector)
Collective Agreements
Influencing legislation
Commission for Local Authority Employers
E l Employer organisations i ti
Parliament, Ministries, Local Authorities A Glance at Akava 2011
43
Akava’s affiliates and number of members 1.1.2011 Trade Union of Education in Finland
119 564
Finnish Psychological Association
6 105
The Finnish Association of Graduate Engineers TEK
73 438
Finnish Association of Academic Agronomists
5 933
Union of Professional Engineers in Finland UIL SEFE - The Finnish Association of Business School Graduates
61 810
The Officers Union
5 838
47 200
5 686
Finnish Business Polytechnic Graduates Association
The Union of Church Professionals within Akava AKI The Institute Officers Union of the Finnish Defence 26 394 Forces and the Border Guard
Sales and Marketing Professionals SMKJ
26 202
Finnish Union of Environmental Professionals
4 531
Akava Special Branches
25 761
Union of Swedish-speaking Engineers in Finland
3 220
Finnish Medical Association
23 154
The Finnish Association of Architects
2 692
Union of Professional Social Workers
21 657
Society of Finnish Professional Foresters
2 621
Association of Finnish Lawyers
15 423
Union of Finnish University Professors
2 306
Finnish Association of Political Scientists
10 843
Finnish Veterinaryy Association
2 251
4 566
Union of Technical Professionals, KTK
9 929
The Union of Diaconal Workers in Finland
1 905
Finnish Pharmacists' Association Managers and Specialists in the Private Sector YTY & Professional Coaches of Finland
8 524
The Finnish Association of Occupational Health Nurses
1 882
8 271
Union of Finnish Speech Therapists
1 332
Finnish Union of Experts in Science
7 397
Kirkon Nuorisotyöntekijöiden Liitto KNT
1 030
Finnish Union of University Researchers and Teachers
6 755
Health Science Academic Leaders and Experts
1 024
Finnish Dental Association
6 732
AKAVA's General Group Total
837 552 813
A Glance at Akava 2011
44
Statistical information on Akava members Number of Akava members 1.1.2011
552 813
Proportion of women
51 %
Average age
Main occupation:
42 years
Full-time work
87 %
Age distribution 1.1.2011:
Part-time work
6%
under 30
10 %
Unemployed
3%
30–39
28 %
Entrepreneur
3%
40–49
28 %
50–59
24 %
over 60
10 %
Employer 1.1.2011: Private enterprise
55 %
Municipality
33 %
Lower tertiary or a higher level qualification
81 %
State
7%
Living in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
32 %
Self-employed professionals
3%
Members in full-time work:
Ch h Church
2%
Fi d tterm workk Fixed
12 %
Average years in service in current employment
Position in organisation:
9
Professionals
34 %
Average gross income 2010, euros/month
Teaching professionals Legislators, senior officials and managers
26 %
Average working hours/week
40 7 40,7
22 %
Persons working overtime
22 %
Technical and associate professionals
13 %
Persons working over 48 hours/week
12 %
Others
5%
Persons working overtime without compensation
38 %
4 100
Sources: Statistics Finland, Labour force statistics; Akava's affiliates
A Glance at Akava 2011