SPRING 2022 Master of Urban Transport Systems FP l CEPT University
ROAD NETWORK DEVELOPMENT
MAHESANA, Gujarat| Portfolio PUT21079
Acknowledgment I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our Tutors, Dr. Shalini Sinha & Dr. Nitika Bhakuni for guiding us through the entire process of learning and perception of the subject. I would like to thank our Teaching Associate, Ms. Reshma Mathew, for her constant support and guidance at every stage of A Network of Pedestrian and NMT-Friendly Roads
learning I'd like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. shivanand Swamy for his assistance in helping us comprehend the idea of public transport and its application in a city. I'd also want to thank my classmates for the ongoing debates that help us learn. I'd want to express my gratitude to my family and friends for their unwavering support during the course of my studies.
From past to present and into the future…
About Studio
About Studio The portfolio showcases studio work performed during the second semester of my Master's degree in urban transport systems. The studio provided an in-depth understanding of the strategic Mobility Plan and its execution process. It began with mobility plans from other cities and throughout the world to understand the process of preparation, its relationship with other plans, and the institutional structure, as well as to study potential suggestions based on the city's existing state. The Industrial city Mahesana was chosen as the study area. To better comprehend the city's current status in terms of land use, transportation, and socioeconomic elements, data was gathered from primary and secondary sources. It was further investigated to identify the city's existing and future issues. Three scenarios with a 20-year view were built based on the findings of the previous research. The vision's goals were established to improve the city's whole transportation system. Then, for one of the development scenarios, I looked at the current state of one transportation system component: Road Network Development. Alternatives were simplified and presented to fulfil Mahesana's future needs after assessing the current travel need. The three choices presented, are analyzed and examined to choose the best approach for Mahesana 2042. We as a group of six; Me, Saayinath, Rohit, Nivedhitha, Mahima, Vishnu came up with a Vision along with set of objectives.
Table Of Content 1. Introducing Mahesana 1.1 Mahesana delineating the character of Industrial City 1.2 Horizon Period and Study Area Delineation
2. Growth Trends of Mahesana 2.1 Comparison Of Spatial Growth & Economy
3. Mobility In Mahesana 3.1 Travel Characteristics 3.2 Existing Transport System & Key Issues 3.3 Existing Situation Analysis of Road Network 3.4 Identification Pedestrian / NMT Issues 3.5 Comparing Speeds & Encroachment 3.6 Accident Analysis
Vision “A safe and efficient transportation system integrated with well-planned PT network to facilitate mobility and accessibility for people and goods.”
4. Mahesana 2042 4.1 Proposed Road Network
4.2 Upgradation of Existing Network 4.3 Sections for Growth Centres 4.4 Effects of Proposals on Existing Network
Limitations: • • •
Due to COVID-19 constraints, obtaining the whole sample size was challenging; thus, secondary sources were employed for analysis. Data from 2017 was also utilized for the HH survey after it has been expanded for the current year due to COVID-19 constraints. In this study, the influence of COVID-19 was not assessed, and the base year was set at 2022.
4.5 Connectivity Across Physical Barriers
5. Execution 5.1 Implementation Strategies 5.2 Costing 5.3 Funding Agencies 5.4 Conclusion
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S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Introducing Mahesana
1. Introducing Mahesana
1.1 Mahesana delineating the character of Industrial City
1.2 Horizon Period and Study Area Delineation Image 1.1: Evolution of Municipal Boundary
Mahesana district is in the state of Gujarat in western India. NH-8 passes through the Mehsana district which connects Delhi to Mumbai corridor. The district is connected with Ahmedabad (74 Km). Gandhinagar (58 Km) through roadways & It is further connected to Kandala Port via a rail network. Map 1.1: Regional Connectivity Pallanpur
Mahesana
Municipality covers 26% of the study area. Influence of Institutional & commercial was seen
Municipality + OG (2001) Area: 12.5 sq. km
20 Years
Horizon Period 2022-2042
Gandhi Nagar Ahmedabad
Mahesana District
Map 1.2: Land use of Study Area
Municipality + Nagalpur +OG (2005)
Municipal Boundary (2011) Area: 31.45 sq. km
Population density and economic centers are mostly concentrated within the municipality boundary. However, the travel demand on the major corridors connecting Mahesana to other regions outside the study area will be analyzed using external points.
Gujarat
Agricultural Residential
Mahesana (Study Area)
Commercial Industrial Water Bodies Institutional
Mahesana is the district headquarters as well as a prominent economic and trading center in North Gujarat. Mahesana is served by the SH 41, which links Ahmedabad to Palanpur, SH 56, which is being built as a High-Speed Freight Corridor.
Mixed Use Vacant Land Transport
95
118 Sq.km Study Area
3,22,869 Population
Agricultural & Residential Mono-Centric City Structure Predominant Economy Land use
Total Tazes
1483
Total Household Surveyed
2.3%
Sample Size
The data that was collected through the HH survey in 2017 was also added to the sample size.
S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Growth Trends of Mahesana
2. Growth Trends of Mahesana
2.1 Concept Plan
2.2 Comparison Of Spatial Growth & Economy
City-level zoning was done to understand the built use, road network & growth pattern of Mahesana. Major Industrial sprawl was observed in the South-West direction of the city. Map 2.1: Major Industrial Zones of Mahesana
Ahmedabad Palanpura Rd Major Incoming Route
Spatial growth of more than 100% by 2042 is expected, where Mahesana has a lot of potentials to grow economically. Future growth is defined by the location of nearby industries. Map 2.2: Spatial Growth of Mahesana (2042)
Patan Highway (Kandla Port) Major Outgoing Route
Why South West
Hence
Presence of economic centres such as GIDC Mahesana and Dediyasan is drawing investments from other Industries in the surrounding area. Automobile and road construction equipment sectors are expanding rapidly. Also, educational institutes are rapidly expanding, with the potential to expand further in the future.
By 2042, the city is expected to follow compact development within the study area toward the Southwest in the recognized promising locations. Due to the existence of industrial centers, commercial hubs, and retail offices, Mahesana will flourish as a business area.
Major reasons for growth
2021/ 2042 Parameter
3,22,869 / 4,92,115 Population
1,19,193 / 1,83,764 Employment
Industries • Road Manufacturing • Automobile Commercial • Big Cap Stores • Water Parks Institutions
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S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Mobility In Mahesana
3. Mobility In Mahesana
Source: HH Survey Data. Saayinath & Manisha 3.1 Travel Characteristics
Population
3,22,869
Total Samples
1483
Avg HH Size
4.9
Avg Trip Rate
1.6
Motoritrip rate
1.2
Avg Trip Length
3.7km
3.3 Existing Situation Analysis of Road Network
Trip Purpose
Mahesana has developed into an irregular circular ring around industrial regions. Street network has shape of a ring-radial network, consisting of three rings & seven radials, five in west and two in east. Map 3.1: Existing Road Network (2022)
257 Km
Total Network
34%
Home Business Shop/Market Social Medical/ealth Transfer/Other modes of Travel
% of HigherOrder Roads
Work School/Education Recreation Religion Serve Passenger Other
9 km/sq.km Road Density
It is observed that the overall trip rate of the city is 1.6 and motorized to be 1.2. Mahesana has the second-highest mode share for walking, where 85% of the trips are either work or educational trips.
3.2 Existing Transport System & Key Issues Various components of the transportation system were examined using secondary and primary sources. It is discussed briefly, highlighting the main issues as well as the components. The presentation will go into further depth on the road network.
Identification of Issues at Network (Micro) Road Network Development
Public Transport
Intermediate Public Transport
Speed and Delay
NMT (Non-Motorised Transport)
Safety
Parking
Inadequate road network
Bottlenecks
Encroachment
Physical barriers
Various components of the network were examined through primary and secondary surveys. Every issue is over-linked with the other in Mahesana.
S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Mobility In Mahesana
3.4 Identification Pedestrian / NMT Issues
Condition of footpaths in arterial roads
Condition of footpaths in collector roads
Encroachment of vehicles on footpaths
Encroachment & lack of maintenance on footpaths
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S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Mobility In Mahesana
3.5 Comparing Speeds & Encroachment
3.6 Accident Analysis Source: Mahesana Police Station , Rohit Kumar
Map 3.2: Speeds
Map 3.4: Accidents
Accidents & Fatalities Due to Heavy Vehicles
% of Encroachment
45%
86%
Fatal Accidents
9%
80
5%
Affected Modes in Accidents
60 50
49
47
49
40 26
30
Source: Bar Graph, Saayinath.
7
4
10
Freight
13
0
18
15
20
Pedestrian
16
Cycle
in roads sections with carriageway encroachments, increasing average time
71
70
88
86
2W
City Center
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
3W
Footpath
1-10km/hr
Responsible by Heavy Vehicles
NMT Accidents
Accidents & Fatalities Due to Heavy Vehicles
Carriageway
Avg. Speeds
33%
44%
4W
Shoulder
No. of Accidents
Map 3.3: Encroachment
7
5
2W
3W
18 6 6
4W
Heavy Vehicle
Sum of No of accidents
Nill
Other
Sum of Dead
S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Mahesana 2042
4. Mahesana 2042
4.1 Proposed Road Network
4.2 Upgradation of Existing Network
Mahesana has an incomplete ring radial Pattern taking into consideration arterial roads are proposed. One new complete ring is proposed to cater to the regional through traffic from the city. Existing bypass was extended to connect the potential growth centers.
As the road inventory survey was done, we did a detailed analysis of existing issues in the road network. Changes in existing carriageway, infrastructure & functionality of roads was done along with the new roads proposed. The identified network is shown in the map below.
Map 4.1: Proposed Network Pattern for Potential Areas
Map 4.2: Type of Proposed Roads
Ring Radial Pattern
Existing- 63% Upgraded – 9% New Roads- 28%
Proposed Network pattern
4 Rings 11 Radials
% of Roads
New network consists
Principals for Proposals Principle 2:
Principle 3:
26 78 175
Pedestrian Access
NMT Access
Footpath access for all the L1, L2, L3 roads
Segregated Cycle lane for the major L1, L2 roads
PT Access
Segregated PT lane for the major L1, L2 roads
Existing Network Upgraded roads
New Roads (Proposed)
Length (km)
Principle 1:
New Road Length
Total Lengths 279 km
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
27
31
21
Arterial
Sub Arterial
Collector
Type of Roads
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S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Mahesana 2042
4.3 Sections for Growth Centres - Major Rings
The concept for developing the road sections is
“To showcase the equity on streets by providing an equitable distribution of space for different road users”. 42m Arterial Road (R1) Used for Intra and Inter-Urban Areas Transit Ready Streets (TRS)
42m Proposed Road
6.5m
10.5m 3m
Carriageway
10.5m
Carriageway
Footpath
2m
6.5m 3m
Carriageway
Median
Carriageway
Footpath
Proposals: • Adding one lane on either side for the freight movement. (Phase 1) • Service lane on either side along with a segregated PT Lane (Peak hours) • 3m Footpath on either side along with 4.5m height Street lights with pole
30m Arterial Road (R2) Urban areas with mixed-use Transit Ready Streets (TRS)
Proposals: • Four-lane road along with the segregated PT lane (Phase 1)
30m Upgraded Road
•
3m Footpath
2m
3.5m
6m
Segregated Cycle Lane
Segregated PT Lane
Carriageway
6m 1m Median
Carriageway
3.5m
2m
Segregated PT Lane
Segregated Cycle Lane
3m Footpath
3m footpath on either side along with 4.5m height Street lights with pole
S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Mahesana 2042
4.3 Sections for Growth Centres - Major Radials
The concept for developing the road sections is
“To showcase the equity on streets by providing an equitable distribution of space for different road users”. 30m Arterial Road Used for Intra and Inter-Urban Areas Modera Rd 30m
30m
Existing Road
Proposed Road
Proposals: • Segregated PT and NMT Lane (Peak hours) • 3m Footpath on either side along with 4.5m height Street lights with pole
2m
26m 2m
2m
Carriageway
Footpath
3m
Footpath
24m Sub-Arterial Road
2m Footpath
6m
6m 1m
PT Lane
Carriage way Median
3.5m
Carriage way
2m
3m PT Lane Cycle Lane Footpath
24m Proposed Road
Case in a commercial street Transit Ready Streets (TRS)
3m
Footpath
Cycle Lane
3.5m
• Dedicated fourlane road
Segregated Cycle Lane
3.5m Segregated PT Lane
3m Carriageway
1m Median
3m
3.5m
2m
Carriageway
Segregated PT Lane
Segregated Cycle Lane
3m Footpath
This is a typical ROW of a radial street, which connects the major rings in Mahesana.
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S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Mahesana 2042
4.4 Effects of Proposals on Existing Network
4.5 Connectivity Across Physical Barriers
The Predominant land use across L1 & L2 roads inside the city is institutional, residential, commercial and religious, through traffic is diverted & main focus is given on PT, Pedestrians & NMT movement in the city centre
New ROB’s are proposed to connect the east and west part of the city for easing the movement of traffic. The major roads & developed areas have a total of 12 ROBs and 5 Culvers, providing connectivity & reduce trip lengths.
Map 4.3: Proposed Road Network - 2042
Map 4.4: New Permissible Points on Network
People-Oriented network:
Diverting - Through Traffic: External through traffic movement is channelized. So, road space is better utilized in city center for Internal movement
Continuity in road hierarchy helps users have inter and intra level connectivity Street Density (Km/ Sq.Km) Old Network 6 9
Municipal
Developed
New Network 9 13
Existing Railway Over Bridges (5)
Existing Culverts (2)
Proposed Railway Over Bridges (7)
Proposed New Culverts (3)
Enhances road connectivity across Intra/Intercity Area Under Roads (Sq.Km) Old Network 1.6 0.8 0.7
Arterial Sub-Arterial Collector
New Network 3.5 2.5 1.3
S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.
Execution
5. Execution
5.1 Implementation Strategies
Phase 1: Major Ring of potential centre. Starting with all the major Radials which connect the rings and used for intra-city movement.
Phase 2: Existing road up-gradation in terms of
footpaths, light poles, encroachment. Completion of Major Radial of potential centre.
S.No
5.2 Costing
5.3 Funding Agencies
Phase Wise Costing
The following Institutes will be responsible for developing road infrastructure in Mahesana
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Total (Cr)
1
Intervention New Roads (Carriageway)
350
193
190
733
2
Upgraded Roads
20
10
10
40
3
ROB's
61.2
45.9
107.1
4
Culverts
9.33
18.66
27.99
Grand Total
441
268
200
National Highways Authority of India
Roads and Buildings Department
908
Phase 3: Major collectors of around potential centers and completing outermost ring road connecting NH towards north direction.
Conclusion
49%
Phase 1 Immediate
29%
Phase 2 Short-term
22%
Phase 3 Mid Term
Mahesana Municipality
Mahesana is emerging as an Industrial District and Institutional centre, which will enhance the city's travel demand in the future. As Mahesana's economy is expanding rapidly in the tertiary sector, there is a high possibility that the city's private vehicle ownership will rise. To move these consumers to public transportation and greener modes like NMT, an effective system is necessary. An effective transportation system combines all transportation system components, from last-mile connection to reliable public
transportation to move people quickly and on schedule. The Strategic Mobility Plan 2042 focuses on increasing the modal share of PT users from 2% to 22% by 2042. To accomplish this, a solid road network for PT will be required to connect the growth centres, as well as a good road network with sufficient infrastructure to make PT easily accessible. Improving infrastructure components is essential for this mode shift to occur. As a result, Transport Plan 2042 contains recommendations for the road network, IPT, public transportation, NMT, parking, and road safety. All planned Arterial roads include 3m sidewalks and segregated NMT and Pt lanes. This will result in safer and more pedestrian-friendly streets, as well as an increase in the usage of public transportation for work trips. Similarly, existing roads are improved with wider footpaths and the addition of current poles and medians. In addition, since the average block size is reduced, accessibility has risen in potential areas. Only infrastructural improvements will not be able to achieve such a significant transformation; instead, awareness campaigns, such as Safer Streets, Streets for Pedestrians should be carried out in the city to educate people when choosing their mode of transportation.
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Akhil Vardhan Borra Strategic Mobility Plan l
2042 l CEPT University