BUS-BASED SYSTEM | INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING & DESIGN

BetterBusInfrastructureForBetterTomorrow

Acknowledgment

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our tutors, Mr. H M Shivanand Swamy, Ms. Hemangi Dalwadi for guiding us through the entire process of learning and perception of the subject. I would like to thank our Teaching Associate,Ms.ReshmaMathew,forherconstantsupportandguidanceatevery stageoflearning

Like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Shalini Sinha for her assistance in helpinguscomprehendtheideaofmassrapidtransitsystemanditsapplication in a city. Also want to thank my friends Atma Deep & Akash along with my classmatesfor providing methe mental strengthwhenever needed.I'dwant to express my gratitude to my family for their unwavering support during my studies.

Frompasttopresentandintothefuture…

AboutStudio

The portfolio showcases studio work performed during the third semester of my Master's degree in urban transport systems. The studio provided an in depth understanding of the Pre FeasibilityOfMassRapidTransitSystemsanditsexecutionprocess.

Undertakenapre feasibilityofatransportprojectinRajkot.Asagroup,weanalysedvarious rapid transit technologies nationally & internationally with the help of DPRs and secondary sources. A review of pertinent Acts, policies and toolkits were reviewed to comprehend the MRTSmodeselectionprocess.BRTS,thechosenrapidmode,Iworkedonavarietyofprojects duringthesemester,oneofwhichwasanevaluationframeworkofphysicalandenvironmental variables used to determine the viability of a project. That includes transport infrastructure planninganddesignprojects;preparingfeasibilitystudies,corridorstudies,andvehicle,station and depot area plans; and defining public involvement plans through various street sections relatingtoequitabletransportation.Allthesehelpedmetohaveasolidknowledgeofsurface transportation.

We as a group of five; Me, Arshil, Aviral, Rohit, Vishnu shaped a vision along with set of objectivesforourBus-based-RapidTransitMode

AboutStudio

TableOfContent

1.IntroducingRajkot

1.1Delineatingthecharacterofthecity 1.2 ForecastingApproaches

2.ProposedBusBasedSystem

2.1BRTS&CityBusNetwork

3.RecommendedDesignTemplate

3.1UniversalDesignPrincipals

Vision

“Toachievebetterconnectivityandrapidmobilitytoalevelwhich acceleratessocio-economicdevelopmentbyhavingasustainable,efficient, safe,andinternationallycomparablequalityofpublictransport infrastructureinthecity”

Limitations:

• Detailedanalysisonthecivilengineeringaspectsofinfrastructureisnotconsidereddueto timeconstraints

• Due to COVID 19 constraints, obtaining the whole sample size was challenging; thus, secondarysourceswereemployedforanalysis.

• Datafrom2020MUTSbatchwasutilizedfortheHHsurveyafterithasbeenexpandedfor thecurrentyearduetoCOVID 19constraints.

• In this study, the influenceof COVID 19 wasnot assessed, and thebase yearwas setat 2021.

3.2StationHardwareSystem 3.3StationCapacity 3.4Stations 3.5DedicatedCorridorAtJunction&MidBlock 3.6SegregatedCorridorAtJunction&MidBlock 3.7DedicatedCorridorCrossSections 3.8SegregatedCorridorCrossSections 3.9Elevated:OnlyBRTFlyover 3.10vehicle(StandardBus) 3.11Depots

Referencing:

All the infrastructure planning & design work displayed in the portfolio is solely done by author(me). The individual’s or organizations name is cited in the work that is published in relationtotheexpertisetheyhavecontributed.

1.IntroducingRajkot

1.1

Delineatingthecharacterofthecity

Rajkot a Gujarat city,strategically locatedinthe centre ofSuarashtra Regionin theAjibasin.CityisspreadonbanksofAjiRiverwhichcutsthroughthecity.The boundaryofRUDAthereare3urbancenters,municipalities,namelyJamnagarin thenorthwesternspart,Bhavagartothesoutheast,Junagadhoneast.

Map1.1: RegionalConnectivity

Pallanpur

RajkotVsNational&StateAverage(2011)

Place Population (2011) Area(sq.Km) Decadal population growth PopulationDensity (persq.km)

India Rural 83Crore 2263094 12.2 367

India Urban 38Crore 1024375 31.8 371

Gujarat Rural 3.46Crore 188839 9.3 183

Gujarat-Urban 2.57Crore 7405 36.0 3470

RajkotDistrict 52.37lakh 11203 467

660Sq.km StudyArea

• 84%ofthepopulationresidesinRajkotUrban,withadensityof2771 per/sq.km

20.5Lakh Population

Agricultural &Industrail Predominant Landuse MonoCentricCity Structure Economy

• Rajkoturbangrowthrate(33%)ishigherthanthenationalandstateaverage.

• Rajkot(33%)rankssecondinGujaratforgrowthrateafterSurat(42%)

Rajkot

Vs Urban Cities Average (2011)

RajkotRural 15.91lakh 10399 20.0 153 RajkotUrban 22.14lakh 799 2771 17.64

42.19 19.1

Growth Rate % Population

33.03 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 55.7 lakh 44.6 lakh 16.7 lakh 12.9 lakh Ahmedabad Surat Vadodara Rajkot

RajkotUrbanHHSize 4.7 2011

5.7 2001 01

M2022 Pre FeasibilityOfMassRapidTransitSystemslStudiolRajkot,Gujarat. Introducing Rajkot

1.2 ForecastingApproaches

Thereweretwodifferentmethodologiesusedforpopulationprojects.Choice1waschosenbecauseitisalignedwiththetrendsinbothcurrentandfuturegrowth.Changein RMCboundaryin2021(161.86sq.km)boughtahugedifferenceinRUDA'sCAGR.Foreverytwodecades,anaverageof50Sq.kmareasisbeenaddedtoRMCfromRUDA.A consistentgrowthwasseenoverprojections.Studyareashowedaconsistentgrowthoverprojections.DP2031proposalswillalsohelptohavearapiddevelopmentofRUDA.

Graph1.2: ProjectedPopulationforHorizonYear 2041(Choice1,2020MUTSbatch,data)

40

35

30

25

20

15

45 Population (in lakhs) Population GrowthCAGR Density (PPH)

10

5

15

21

19

30

41 13

38 2 1 2 3 0

M2022 Pre FeasibilityOfMassRapidTransitSystemslStudiolRajkot,Gujarat. 2011 2022 2031 2041

StudyArea(RMC+RUDA) 15,35,112 20,53,754 29,57,406 41,04,433 RMC 1286995 19,35,612 27,29,213 38,20,898 SurroundingVillagesofRUDA 2,48,117 1,18,142 2,28,193 2,83,535

27

123 120 169 236

Graph1.2: ProjectedPopulationforHorizonYear 2041(Choice2,Electoraldata) • 3%ofapopulationgainintheagegroup<18(Dropin18+)from2014to2017

Population (In Lakh) Population 18+ (In Lakh) Less than 18 2014 15,51,000 1057069 4,93,931 2017 17,10,000 1119294 5,90,706 Source: eci.gov.in

Overall

• ItseemsFertilityRateisbeingbalancedinRajkot.

Understanding fertility rate through Electoral Population year Introducing Rajkot 2022 2031 2041 2011

M2022 Pre FeasibilityOfMassRapidTransitSystemslStudiolRajkot,Gujarat.

2.ProposedBusBasedSystem

2.1BRTS&CityBusNetwork

A new economic realitycallsfor infrastructurereimagined(2041): Adoption of new technologies and managementpractices with moredigital, moresustainable, moreequitable.TheproposedMRTSnetworkincludesbothBRTSandcity busroutes.We’ve suggestedthreeBRTS corridors:dedicated,segregated,andelevated,witha totalnetworklengthof108km,alongwiththe248kmcitybusnetwork.ThefutureofRajkot’spublicinfrastructurewillbeseenfurther.

Map2.1:ProposedRajkot2041ROWmapalongwithbusstops,depot&landuse

Source:Networkplanning,Aviral Map2.2: ProposedBuslanesegregationmap,2041

Adequate ROW

All the industrial zones were connected, as they are the major attraction. ROW constraint presentinthehighdemandcitycenterareawheretherangeis15-21M(elevated),whilethereis ampleROWavailableoutsideRMCboundary(dedicated&segregated).

The proposed alignment will be used as a trunk service with RMTS playing the role of

3.1UniversalDesignPrincipals

3.2StationHardwareSystem

3.3StationCapacity

A.Surveillancedevices

This includes information like timetables, tariff information, route maps, and maps of the surrounding area at stations andstops.

B.

Electronic schedule board in the BRT station informs passengers about the next departures

*For corridor ANR (Automatic number plate recognition) cameras were used for identifying unauthorisedvehicles.

It will allow control central to continually monitor and assess the onboard and offboardsituationtodetermineappropriatehelp bytransitsecurity.

• Evacuationroutes,greaterthan1500mm wide,toensureawheelchairuserandan able-bodiedpersonareabletopasseach otheralongtheroute.

• signages installed frequently along the evacuationroute

• Emergency Lighting Units, for visually impaired

.

• Brailleengravingonthehandrailofexits

M

Pre FeasibilityOfMassRapidTransitSystemslStudiolRajkot,Gujarat.

3.4Stations

• Ramp:Accessibletoall,withtactilepaverblocks(slope1:15)

• Bus docking positioned in either direction of the station will help in easy circulationofpeopleinsidethestation

• Turnstilesorflap gateswerebeprovidedforoff boardfarecollection

Image: Proposeddedicated&Prioritystationsfordifferentpotentialcorridors

Dedicated &ElevatedCorridor:Stationplans

Unitsinmeters

338sq.m StationArea (3x3dockingbays)

Kerb side Median

Two structures on one road Single station structure for one road

Higher construction costs Lower construction costs

Higher operation and maintenance cost Lower operation and maintenance cost

Commuters have to move out of one station and cross the carriageway for a transfer

Transfers are easy for either directions

Normal buses with left hand side (LHS) doors can be used Special buses with right hand side (RHS) doors have to be used

Delhi, Pune, Vijayawada, Guangzhou, Curitiba Bogota, Ahmedabad, Surat, Istanbul, Pereira

Table: Comparisonofbusstationonamedianside&kerbside

Median

Dedicated &ElevatedCorridor

280sq.m StationArea (2x2dockingbays)

“ThemediantypebusstationisadvisedfortheRajkot BRTduetoitsexistingBRTstationswerealsoonmedian &ithasconvenienttransferoptions,commutersafety, andlowerinitial,ongoing,andmaintenancecosts.”

KeyRecommendation

140sq.m StationArea (2x2dockingbays)

• TheriskisespeciallyhighatBRTstations,aspeople frequentlyattempttocutacrossbuslanestoenter ordepartthestation,eithertoavoidpayingthefee orjusttosavetime.

• Theproposedlayoutsenablebetterstationaccess designaswellasbetterspaceorganisationto accommodatepedestrianmid blockcrossings.This approachhasthepotentialtosignificantlyimprove busroutesafety.

BusPriority:StationPlan

108sq.m StationArea (1x1dockingbays)

Source:IRC,2017

Kerb BusPriority

“Thekerbsidetypebusstationisadvisedforthe Rajkot’sBusPriorityduetoitsconstraints,suchas existingflyovers,lesserROW&heavyfreight movement.”

M2022 Pre FeasibilityOfMassRapidTransitSystemslStudiolRajkot,Gujarat.

3.5DedicatedCorridorAtJunction&MidBlock

PlanviewofBRTCorridorwithpassinglanes(33&24mstreet)

UsedforIntraandInter UrbanAreas TransitReadyStreets(TRS)

80mAwayfromthejunction StationArea

Elevatedpedestriancrossing pavinglevel+100mm

Raisedcrosswalksatstationarea

Gradient1:8

Restricted20mbeforeand afterJunction Parking

Jamnagar & Bhavnagar Road

Elevatedpedestriancrossing Pavinglevel+100mm

12m&8m TransitZone 3.3m Footpath

BRT Station Station Ramp (1:15)

Ramp to reduce speeds; mixed traffic (1:8)

Bollards at 1m interval

Raised crosswalk

Landscape on either sides of the station

Footpath (100 mm above carriageway)

Vehicle Parking Zone

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•

•

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Yuraj Nagar

M

2022 Pre FeasibilityOfMassRapidTransitSystemslStudiolRajkot,Gujarat.

3.7DedicatedCorridorCrossSections

3.8SegregatedCorridorCrossSections

RecommendedDesignTemplate

TheconceptfordevelopingtheroadsectionsistoshowourintendtodemonstratehowallthemajoraspectsofaBRTmaybeaccommodatedwithoutrequiringmoreroad width;andwithoutremovingorloweringthewidthofotherroadfeaturessuchastrafficlanes,parking,orfootpath.

33mArterialRoad

UsedforInter UrbanAreas

Jamnagar & Bhavnagar Road

24m

ArterialRoad

UsedforInter UrbanAreas

TransitReadyStreets(TRS)

60mArterialRoad

UsedforIntra& Inter UrbanAreas TransitReadyStreets(TRS)

Existing Station Area

Non Station Area

Raiya Road

Non StationArea (WithPassingLane) Footpath

Footpath

Frontage Zone (0.5m) Pedestrian Zone (1.8m) Furniture Zone (1m)

Yuraj Nagar Yuraj Nagar

2m Footpath

Pedestrian Zone (2m)

44mArterialRoad

UsedforIntra&Inter UrbanAreas TransitReadyStreets(TRS)

3.9Elevated:OnlyBRTFlyover

Designapproachmadeinsuchaway;lesserinfra&roadspacerequired.TrafficcongestionwillbereducedfortheDhebarroadpassengersandwillbeabletoeasilyreach theirrespectivedestinationsusingtheonlyBRTflyover.

11m

Plan:ElevatedBRTSstation 25m

Elevated BRTS corridor Staircase Stationspace Ticketcounter Lift 3m Busway Busway 8m 18m 25M 85m 135mstationinfluencelength

Carriageway Carriageway

Median 18m

Footpath 1.8mwide

Source:TimesofIndia,2019

4m IPTstand Parking Flyoverpier 2mdia. Tabletop crossing Lift

Carriageway

Plan:StreetbelowBRTSstation

Carriageway Staircase

ROWrequired11Msufficient fortransitzone

Infrastructurereq.for1 stationonly

Lesserspacerequiredat groundlevel,onlyatmedian

2m 7.5m

11M 5.5m

Source:ConceptualIdea,Aviral Station 3mx85m

Busway

3.7m Pier 2mdia.

Source:Section,Aviral

Keylearningsfromthestudio

• As the project covers higher levels of complexity, I learnt that group dynamics is a crucial component in the process of making a prefeasibilityanalysis.

• These proposal have undergone different topics of research such as route rationalization, corridor selection, station, depot, terminal, dedicated & segregated corridor planning & design. Evidently these learnings considerably enhanced and aided me in comprehending the on groundramificationsofpublictransportationinitiativesandhowsuch proposalswouldinfluencethecity.

Akhil Vardhan Borra

Pre-Feasibility Of Mass Rapid Transit Systems l 2041 l CEPT University