The IELTS Notebook

THE COMPLETE IELTS MATERIAL FOR OUR STUDENTS

The

NOTEBOOK ng i n e t s Li

R eadi n g

NHÀ XUÂT BAN CHO BÚN

Speakin g

g n i t i r W

Written & Compiled

by Ms. Ngot & Mr. Tien

n e i n t g s i L HO HMOE WMOER KW O

RK S

Listening Name

Lesson 1: names & numbers

Watch out

Practice 1

11

2

12

3

13

4

14

5

15

6

16

7

17

8

18

9

19

10

20

Watch out

Code

Practice 1

2 3 4

Watch out

5 6

Telephone number Watch out

Practice 1

11

2

12

3

13

4

14

5

15

6

16

7

17

8

18

9

19

10

20

Year/ Room, Apartment No Watch out

Practice 1

3

2

4

Money

Practice 1 2 3 4 5 6

Date and Time the week Days of Monday Tuesday

f th e Mo nth Days o Months

January February March April May June

July August September October November December

Wednesday

Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Weekdays

Weekends

Watch out

INE DEADL

Audio đọc

Cách viết vào bài thi

Lesson 2: Locations and Maps

Directions

Locations

Watch out

Practice

s m r e t r e th O

1

6

2

7

3

8

4

9

5

10

Prepositions Watch out

Giving Instruction

Type of questions 1

Miêu tả theo vị trí địa lý

2

ệc chỉ đường kết hợp vị trí địa Miêu tả bằng vi lý

Audio đọc

Cách viết vào bài thi

Listening Part 3 I. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Dạng 1: Chọn đáp án A,B,C: chọn 1 đáp án duy nhất -

1 Bạn A interested in/surprised at = amazed at = astonished at/difficult

2

3

Các câu hỏi liên quan đến chủ đề trong bài thuyết trình

Your Notes

Các câu hỏi liên quan đến cách thức thuyết trình

II. MATCHING 1 Questions

Watch out

III. FILL IN A DIAGRAM 1 Questions

2 Strategy

Watch out

Listening Part 1 I. Format

II. Questions

Watch out

III. STRATEGY

IV. FREQUENT MISTAKES

T’S GO LE !!!

Listening Part 2 MÔ TẢ ĐỀ BÀI

XỬ LÍ CÁC DẠNG 1. Chọn 1 trong 3 đáp án A/B/C

2. Chọn 1 trong 5 đáp án A/B/C/D/E

My goals

To do list

Listening Part 4

LÝ THUYẾT

Introduction

Reading

Lesson 1: Gap fiLLinG

REMEM B E R

GO FOR IT do not forget

Lesson 2: True FaLse noTGiven / Yes no noTGiven

Tips

Bài đọc

Statement

1

HEADINGS G N I H C T MA

2

MATCHING FEATURES

LESSON 3

MATCHING

4

3

SENTENCE ENDINGS

NFORMATIO I G IN N H C T MA

LESSON 4: MuLtipLE-chOicE

S peak ing H O M E W O RK

STUDY

I. VOCABULARY

EDUCATION

2. How to link ideas

3. How to describe types of people at school

Personalities

4. Idioms

Activities

JOB I. VOCABULARY

JOB

II. IDIOMS

III. LANGUAGE FUNCTION • DESCRIBE LIKES AND DISLIKES

• Giải thích: nêu ra 1 sự thật - Indeed,..: sự thật là - As a matter of fact - Let me see..., well, according to my experience...

- As you may know,...

*** ADJ ĐÁNH GIÁ CÔNG VIỆC - Noble - Risky - Stable >< unstable - Promising - Competitive - Tedious/ monotonous - Challenging / demanding => require skills/ exp/ responsibility

Reasons

Opportunities

Salary

DREAM

Workplace

**** NO PLAN: - Actually/ as a matter of fact: currently: have no plan / am totally clueless - Still considering - ask for career advice.... + friends?? >< I thinkabout??? + parents? >< my passion?

RELATIONSHIPS I. Vocabulary

II. Useful tips in describing a relationship 1. Describe a person

HOMETOWN AND OTHER LOCATIONS 1. Locations

I. Vocabulary

Locations Small places - Big places - a coffee shop - a modern building - a dining establishment/ restaurant - a country - a city / town Religion - temple, pagoda - church, cathedral Shopping mall - supermarket / convenience store - amusement park - cinema/ movie theater - sports center/ gym Accommodation - apartment complex - detached house - skyscraper Tourism - historical site - museum - tourist attraction

Introduction / Overall evaluation ● Structures: - (The place) is famous/renowned/noted for…

- (The place) is located/ situated in…

- The site is popular with many local people.

- I come here whenever I need to blow off some steam.

- What impresses/ delights me about … is …

- (The place) reminds me of…

- I value (the place) because …

2. Details Aspects

Structure

Size

Color

Interior design

Atmosphere

Exterior design Activities

Expressions

3. Describe a place outline - Dàn ý tả nơi chốn

What (name, type, appearance) - Where (city/ town/ country ) - When (storytelling) - Why (feelings, effects, quality...)

-

II. Brainstorm Where it is & How you knew about this place

“Tôi muốn kể về một quán cà phê nhỏ dễ thương tên là The coffee housenằm trên đường Hai Bà Trưng, gần hồ Hoàn Kiếm và cách nhà tôi khoảng 8km. Có hai lý do vì sao tôi phải đi xa ngần ấy chỉ để tìm một chỗ để làm việc. Đầu tiên, tôi không thể stay focused khi làm việc tại nhà. Lý do thứ hai, cũng là lý do quan trọng nhất, đó là vì quán The coffee house là just the right place toàn có thể ngồi cả ngày ở đây để làm việc nếu có thể.”

“Tôi spotted địa điểm này by chance lúc đang wandering around khu pedestrian zone để tìm một nơi đẹp và yên tĩnh để làm việc. Có rất nhiều sự lựa chọn, nhưng quán café đặc biệt này đã nhanh chóng grabbed my attention bởi cái intriguing name của nó, vì thế tôi quyết định give it a try – một quyết định tôi chưa bao giờ hối tiếc.”

What the place was like

“Ấn tượng đầu tiên của tôi về The coffee house là interior design của nó, thứ thể hiện rõ sophisticated taste của chủ nhân. Nơi này mang lại một cozy ambience thực sự và mặc dù quán không quá lớn, nó vẫn tạo cảm giác spacious, chủ yếu vì đồ đạc được sắp xếp theo một cách hoa i cô. Những bức tường được beautifully decorated với intricate patterns và nhiều acrylic paintings. Chúng được tạo nên bởi sự kết hợp của vivid colors, và những màu dominant có vẻ là ma u gô. Tôi thực sự bị ấn tượng bởi cách những shades of colors complement lẫn nhau.”

And explain why you like it

“Bên cạnh thiết kế rực rỡ, The coffee house cũng gây ấn tượng cho tôi bằng những thức uống tuyệt vời. Quán không có một varied menu nhưng tất cả đồ uống tôi đã thưởng thức cho đến nay thực sự worth every penny. Nhân viên The coffee house cũng rất thân thiện và observant. Họ sẽ luôn hỏi han khi bạn cần, không bao giờ quên những yêu cầu của bạn dù quán có đông thế nào, và nếu bạn là một familiar customer, họ thậm chí sẽ hỏi bạn muốn nghe bài nhạc nào.

Gần như chẳng có điều gì ở The coffee house có thể khiến tôi muốn phàn nàn, và tất nhiên tôi sẽ giới thiệu quán café tuyệt vời này cho bất cứ ai cần tìm một nơi để thư giãn, hay thậm chí là làm việc.”

5. Debate topic: Which option is better: Living in the city >< Living in the countryside

SHOPPING I. Vocabulary

II. Structures

III. Idioms

HOMEWORK

Vocabulary

II. Structures

III. Idioms

HOBBIES

Vocabulary

II. Structures

III. Idioms

TRAFFIC

FASHION

PETS

W riti n g Task 1 H O M E WO R K

DAY 1 Objectives: + recognizing different question types in IELTS Writing Task 1 + how to paraphrase + how to select core information a) Dạng bảng biểu (Table)

b) Dạng biểu đồ đường (Line)

c) Dạng biểu đồ cột (Bar)

d) Dạng biểu đồ tròn (Pie)

e) Dạng bản đồ (Map)

f) Dạng quá trình hoạt động (Process)

g) Dạng hỗn hợp (Mix)

2. Structure of an IELTS Writing Task 1 Question and Essay Question: The pie chart shows the online sales for retail sectors in Canada in the years 2005 & 2010 Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The two given charts compares four different retail sectors in terms of their internet sales in the year 2019 and 2020.

Introduction

Overall, it is noticealbe that the most significant increase was seen in the proportion of electronic equipments while

Overview

the opposite was true for the figure of Home and kitchen.

In 2019, online spending for electronic appliances accounted for only 19%, but the figure then rose considerablely to 45% a year later, making it the largest sector for online shopping in 2020. Similarly, an 8-percent increase was also seen in

Body

Groceries as this category reached 22% in 2020.

In contrast, the two remaining figures both experienced a downward trend after the period. Canadian consummers alloted about 38% of their budget on Clothes in 2019, but the proportion went down to just 22% a year after. Likewise, internet sales for Home and Kitchen decreased lightly to just about one-tenth of the total budget in 2020

Body

3. Introduction to paraphrasing. a) Verbs • Gives information/data about/on • Depicts • Provides information/data about/on • Shows • Illustrates = demonstrate = delineate • Represents • Gives reason why (only if graph provides reasons for smth) • Explains why (only if graph provides explanation for smth) • Compares (only if several items are compared) b) Quantitative Expression • The amount of (how much) • The number of (how many/the quantity of) • In terms of (often used with “compare”) • The percentage of (the proportion of) c) Time period • From 1985 to 1995 = between 1985 and 1995 • In 1985 = in the year 1985 • In 1985 and 1995 = in 1985 and 1995 respectively = in the years 1985 and 1995 • From 1985 to 1995: over a period of 10 years starting from 1985. d) Change in structure • The number of cars produced in France = the production of cars in France • The energy consumption of various sectors = how much energy was consumed by different sector

Examples: 1. “The pie charts provide information on the proportion of males and females working in agricultural sector in 2010 and 2015.”

2. ‘The table gives information about the number of male employees working at different companies in 2012.”

3. The chart below shows how frequently people in the USA ate in fast food restaurants between 2003 and 2013.

Extra exercise: What features should be selected and reported?

1. The graph below shows the number of enquiries received by the Tourist Information Office in one city over a six-month period in 2011.

2. The table below shows the percentages of the population by age groups in one town who rode bicycles in 2011.

3. The chart below shows the percentage of the pop- ulation in the UK who consumed the recommended daily amount of fruit and vegetables in 2002, 2006 and 2010.

DAY 2: DESCRIBE CHANGES WITH TIME Objectives: Learn all the necessary structures and vocabulary to describe changes with time

Verb

Noun Xu hướng tăng

Rise Increase Grow Go up Incline

A rise An increase Growth An upward trend An incline

Xu hướng giảm Fall

A fall

Decrease

A decrease

Reduce

A reduction

Decline

A decline

Go down

A downward trend

Xu hướng ổn định Remain stable/steady Remain/Stay unchanged

Xu hướng dao động Fluctuate

Fluctuation

Vary

Variation

Đạt mức cao nhất Hit the highest point Reach a peak

Đạt mức thấp nhất Hit the lowest point

Example

2. Từ vựng miêu tả tốc độ thay đổi

Adj

Adv

Meaning

Dramatic

Dramatically

Tốc độ thay đổi mạnh, ấn tương

Sharp

Sharply

Cực nhanh, rõ ràng

Enormous

Enormously

Cực lớn

Substantial

Substantially

Đáng kể

Considerable

Considerably

Tốc độ thay đổi nhiều

Significant

Significantly

Nhiều

Rapid

Rapidly

Nhanh

Moderate

Moderately

Bình thường

Gradual

Gradually

Tốc độ thay đổi từ từ

Steady

Steadily

Như Gradual

Slight

Slightly

Nhẹ, một chút

Marginal Slow

Marginally Slowly

Tốc độ thay đổi chậm, nhỏ, không đáng kể Chậm

Exercise 1: Nối các đường với sự thay đổi phù hợp

a. remained stable b. increased substantially c. fell slowly d. reached a peak e. dropped significantly f. rose gradually g. hit the lowest point h. fluctuated

1. A-C 2. C-D 3. D-E 4. E-G 5. G 6. G-L 7. J 8. L-N 3. Cấu trúc diễn tả sự thay đổi

Cấu trúc

Công Thức

Ví Dụ

Cấu trúc 1

Subject + Verb + Adverb + Number + Time Period

Cấu trúc 2

There + be + a/an + Adjective + Noun + number + in “what” + Time period Subject + experienced /saw/witnessed + a/an + Adjective + Noun + number + Time period

The number of female students at NEU increased significantly (to 2000) in 2009

Cấu trúc 3

There was a significant increase (to 2000) students in the number of female students at NEU in 2009

The number of female students at NEU experienced/saw/ witnessed a significant increase (of 200) in 2009

Cấu trúc 4

A significant increase (of 200) A/an + Adjective + Noun + number + was seen + in “what” was seen in the number of female students at NEU in 2009 + Time period

Cấu trúc 5

Time period + witnessed/saw + The year 2009 saw a significant increase (of 200) students in a/an + Adjective + Noun the number of female students + in “what” at NEU.

Exercise 1: Rewrite sentences without changing their meanings, using structures provided above: 1. The number of cars fell gradually over the period from 1990 to 2000.

The number of cars

2. The research investment decreased significantly in 2005.

The year

3. There was a slight fall in the sales of mangos in 2006.

The sales

4. The quality of food in supermarkets has increased sharply.

There

5. There was a quick drop of $3 million in sugar imports in 1988.

1988

6. The price of laptops dropped quickly over the period.

A quick drop

7. There was an upward trend in the number of visitors to the website.

The number of visitors

8. The growth rate fluctuated wildly throughout the years.

There

9. The number of students applying to the university stabilized over the decade.

A stability

10. The year 2000 saw a gradual growth in the house price in London.

The house price in London

3. Cấu trúc diễn tả sự thay đổi

Giới từ

AT

Cách dùng stand at + số liệu: đứng tại mức (vào 1 mốc cố định)

The crime rate stood at 5% in 2000. (Tỉ lệ tội phạm đứng ở mức 5% vào năm 2000)

remain stable/remained the same at + số liệu: giữ nguyên tại mức

The figure for rice export in Vietnam remained stable at $15 million in 2015. (Số liệu xuất khẩu gạo giữ nguyên ở mức 15 triệu đô la vào năm 2015)

peak at + số liệu: đạt mức cao nhất là bao nhiêu

TO

BY

OF

AROUND BETWEEN … AND…

Ví dụ

The amount of electricity produced peaked at 10,000 units in 2000. (Lượng điện được sản xuất đạt mức cao nhất là 10,000 đơn vị vào năm 2000)

(verb) increase/decrease to + số liệu: tăng đến/giảm xuống mức

The number of students increased to 10,000 after 2 years. (Số lượng học sinh tăng đến mức 10,000 sau 2 năm)

(noun) an increase/decrease to + số liệu: một sự tăng đến/giảm xuống mức

There was an increase to 10,000 in the number of students after 2 years. (Có một sự tăng đến mức 10,000 trong số lượng học sinh sau 2 năm.)

(verb) increase/decrease by + số liệu: tăng thêm/giảm đi bao nhiêu

The number of students increased by 2,000 after 2 years (Số lượng học sinh tăng thêm 2,000 sau 2 năm)

(noun) an increase/decrease of + số liệu: một sự tăng thêm/giảm đi bao nhiêu

There was an increase of 2,000 in the number of students after 2 years. (Có một sự tăng thêm 2,000 trong số lượng học sinh sau 2 năm.)

reach a peak/reach the highest point of + số liệu: đạt lên mức cao nhất là bao nhiêu

The amount of electricity produced reached a peak of 10,000 units in 2000. (Lượng điện được sản xuất đạt mức cao nhất là 10,000 đơn vị vào năm 2000)

hit a low/hit the lowest point of + số liệu: chạm mức thấp nhất là bao nhiêu

The amount of electricity produced hit the lowest point of 5,000 units in 1980. (Lượng điện được sản xuất chạm mức thấp nhất là 5,000 đơn vị vào năm 1980)

- fluctuate/a fluctuation around + số liệu: biến động trong khoảng - fluctuate/a fluctuation between… and….: biến động ở mức giữa…. và….

The unemployment rate of Vietnam fluctuated around 10% from 2007 to 2010. (Tỉ lệ thất nghiệp ở Việt Nam biến động trong khoảng 10% từ 2007 đến 2010)

The unemployment rate of Vietnam fluctuated between 8% and 12% from 2007 to 2010.

(Tỉ lệ thất nghiệp ở Việt Nam biến động trong khoảng từ 8 đến 12% từ 2007 đến 2010)

Homework: Exercise 1: Rewrite these sentences without changing the meaning: 1. The sale of the company A increased significantly in 2010.

2. There was a substantial decrease in mango consumption from 1995 to 2000.

3. The number of students who are good at Mathematics experienced a downward trend from 1999 to 2001.

4. The amount of energy consumed by neighborhood A saw a gradual decrease in the last 10 years.

5. The number of unemployed people has increased rapidly in the last few years

6. The birth rate of China decreased slowly in the 20th century.

7. The number of accidents in Kansas continued to rise by 21% from 2000 to 2010

8. The amount of waste produced in Vietnam is expected to increase dramatically by 50% in the next 10 years.

DAY 3 The line graph below shows changes in the amount of coffee exported from three countries between 2002 and 2012. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Introduction

1 câu - Viết lại đề bài theo cách khác

Overview

1 - 2 câu - Tóm tắt một hay hai điểm đáng chú ý nhất của biểu đồ

Detail 1

3 - 4 câu - Mô tả nhóm thông tin 1

Detail 2

3 - 4 câu - Mô tả nhóm thông tin 2

I) 5-STEP PROCESS STEP 1: Analyzing the given chart. (1min) - What is the subject????? (Stated in the INSTRUCTION) - Measuring Unit(s)????? (Usually y-axes) - Time => Tenses (Usually x-axes) Example:

STEP 2: Choosing relevant data. (4 mins) - For Overview (~2 sentences): the 2 most outstanding features you notice when you look at the chart (please do not include specific numbers).

- For Body: SUMMARIZE the information by SELECTING and REPORTING the MAIN FEATURES and make COMPARISON where relevant.

Example: • What is the most outstanding features when you look at the graph?

STEP 3: Paraphrasing and writing the Introduction. (1 mins) - The line graph below shows changes in the amount of coffee exported from three countries between 2002 and 2012. => STEP 4: Writing the Overview (2 mins) STEP 5: Writing the 2 Body Paragraphs (5 mins x 2 = 10 mins)

Exercise:

- What is the subject(s) of the chart?

- Measuring Unit?

- Time? Tense?

The graph below shows the changes in the maximum number of Asian elephants between 1994 and 2007.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

- What is the subject(s) of the chart?

- Measuring Unit?

- Time? Tense?

- What is the subject(s) of the chart?

- Measuring Unit?

- Time? Tense?

- What is the subject(s) of the chart?

- Measuring Unit?

- Time? Tense?

- What is the subject(s) of the chart?

- Measuring Unit?

- Time? Tense?

DAY 4 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

Write at least 150 words.

DAY 5: STRUCTURES FOR COMPARE& CONTRAST 1. Cấu trúc so sánh trong một câu • A so sánh với B, at ...(A) and (B) in turn/ respectively.

• While S1 + V1 + số, S2 + V2 + số • S1 + V1 + số, whereas/while S2 + V2 + số • S1 + V1 + số, as opposed to N/ Số + N ( MĐQH ) • S1 + V1 + số, compared to/compared with/ in comparison with (Số liệu) + N ( MĐQH ) Cấu trúc so sánh giữa các câu • Câu 1. Meanwhile, / In contrast, / However, Câu 2 => tương phản • Câu 1. Likewise/ similarly, Câu 2 => cùng tính chất Exercise 1: Rewrite sentences without changing their meanings, using structures provided above: 1. The prices in Da Ton are higher than (the prices) in Co Bi and Trau Quy. (compared) 2. 100 couples in Hanoi thought Tien was the best baby boy name in 2020.

Only/ just 20 couples in HCMC opted for the name Tien (opposed) 3. Ms Ngot can afford 10 brand new Mercedes-AMG G63 cars. Tien’s budget is only enough for 1. (in turn/ respectively)

2. Cấu trúc so sánh hơn a/ Cấu trúc so sánh hơn của tính từ

A

is V

slightly relatively marginally --------distinctly significantly much far

greater higher smaller less

than

B

more + adj

• The turnover generated from cinema tickets is distinctly greater than that of food and drinks • Electronic products is (2 dollars) more expensive than consumed goods • Developing countries are more reliant on fossil fuel than developed ones •

Exercise 2: Rewrite sentences without changing their meanings, using structures provided above: 1. Electric cars cost 20,000 dollars on average. Petrol-powered cars cost 15,000 dollars for each. (cost (N) - high) (Cars- expensive) 2. This year only more than 700 students have applied to CBQ. NVC has received nearly 3000 application letters. (distincly greater) 3.

b/ Cấu trúc so sánh hơn của danh từ

A

V

slightlly marginally somewhat distinctly significantly much far

more + N

than

B

• Electronic products costs more money than consumed goods, at 7 million and 5 million respectively

Exercise 3: Rewrite sentences without changing their meanings, using structures provided above: 1 Electric cars cost 20,000 dollars on average. Petrol-powered cars cost 15,000 dollars for each. (cost (v) - money) 2. This year only around 700 students have applied to CBQ. NVC has received letters from nearly 3,000 interested students 3.

c/ Cấu trúc so sánh bộ số “GẤP ... LẦN” A+be

More than

Twice

Over

Two Three Four Five ...

Times-fold

Higher than More than Greater than

B

As adj as

• The turnover generated from cinema tickets is over twofold higher than that of food and drinks • The turnover generated from cinema tickets is two times as high as that of food and drinks • Electricity was half as popular as gas for cooking

“ BẰNG 1 PHẦN ..”

A

is

just only merely less than

one

half quarter fifth sixth

of

B

• The turnover generated from food and drinks is merely one half of the figure for cinema tickets • There were twice as many people in Hanoi as in Hai Phong • There were three times as many visitors who choose online shopping than physical shopping • There was a twofold increase in the number people shopping online between 2010 and 2020 • Half the number of children chose to play badminton as football Exercise 4: Rewrite sentences without changing their meanings, using structures provided above: 1. Son Tung MTP has got roughly 1 million subcribers on his Youtube channel.

The figure for Taylor Swift is over 20 millions

2. Hai Tu is reported to have no fewer than 200,000 haters on social media.

100,000 is the number of Thieu Bao Tram’s antifans

3.

3. So sánh nhất S1 V the most N among/in/of/for Japanese people spent more money on electronic products than any other expenses = Japanese people spent ____________ electronic products S1 is the adj-est/most adj among/in/of/for Riding a bike was more well-preferred among Japanese children among any other games = Riding a bike was ______________ among Japanese children Cấu trúc so sánh ngang bằng Similar (to) • The percentage of students who studied engineering and literature were very similar • A similar amount of electricity was generated by coal and oil • The amount of electricity produced by coal was very similar to that by oil S1 V not as many/much N as S2 • More males than females chose TV = Not___________males chose TV S1 is not as Adj as S2 The motorbike was more popular than other means of transportation = Other means of transportation were not_______________the motorbike 4. Từ vựng mô tả sự khác biệt "rất nhiều" Adj + N Considerable Significant A Notable Marginal Entire Total Striking

+ difference

Adv + Adj Considerably Significantly Notably Marginally Entirely Total CT khác

Stand in total contrast to Be completely dissimilar to

+ difference

Exercise 5: Rewrite sentences without changing their meanings, using structures provided above: 1.A mere 2% Vietnamese women are fed up with their life-partners. 88% Korean women have a similar feeling after getting married.

- (adj + N) - (adv + adj) - (CT khác) 2.

3.

5. Từ vựng mô tả sự tương đồng trong số liệu

Word identical comparable

Example an almost identical number a comparable amount

Exercise 6: Rewrite sentences without changing their meanings, using structures provided above: 1. I spent 100 dollars on milktea per month. My best friend’s spending on that product is 99 dollars. (identical) (comparable) 2.

3.

DAY 6: CAM 15 TEST 1

1. Paraphrase trong intro Outcomes = results Research = survey Buy = purchase Drink = consume Go to a café …. = go out and consume coffee and tea = visit a café for a drink - C1: … outcomes of… survey: về THÓI QUEN - C2:…. The percentages/ proportions of “NGƯỜI” mà…

- 5 cities in Australia = 5 different Australian cities 5 different locations in ….

“NGƯỜI”: Australian residents in 5 local areas.

2. Paraphrase Các N trong overview + body SAI: The percentage of bought fresh coffee N • Nếu đề bài indicator nó chưa phải N -> đưa về N Xác định N: người/ sản lượng/ tiền *** CÁC CÁCH NÓI VỀ N CHỈ NGƯỜI/ TRÍCH SỐ CÁCH 1: MDQH The percentage of people + who/that + Vqkđ + was + số Level/rate citizens Ving …. residents city dwellers inhabitants mđqh bổ nghĩa cho N Đúng: the percentage of citizens who bought fresh coffee in A was …% ______________buying fresh coffee_____________ SAI: The percentage of citizens bought fresh coffee in A was …% Vì of + N chứ ko + MĐ CÁCH 2: dùng các cụm N The percentage of …

café visitors fresh/instant coffee buyers/ consumers

3. Các cách trích số liệu khác a. In terms of + Ving , the figure for city (Sydney) Regarding statistic (nói về…)

VD: In terms of buying instant coffee, …….. b. The (highest/lowest) figures recorded/ reported

was……

belonged to + city (…%)

c. ……% of N(người) ở đâu + HÀNH ĐỘNG VD: Roughly 55% Brisbane residents went/ visited a coffee shop, compared only…..

So sánh hơn VING was a more/less common habit …..than… the most/least popular recorded the highest/lowest figure at…..% in city

III. Phân tích bài (OUTLINE) • Overview 1/ đen: thấp nhất 2/ C1: in all cities except Adelaide: xám cao nhất In all locations with the exception of Adelaide C2: Adelaide duy nhất : Chéo cao hơn 2 đen và xám/ cao nhất…

By contrast/ Meanwhile, • Body có 2 cách viết Cách 1: BODY 1: 2 cities: S + M BODY 2: 3 TP CÒN LẠI Cách 2: BODY 1: đen BODY 2: xám, chéo LỰA CHỌN CÁCH 2:

Cách 2: BODY1: - Đen: thấp nhất: Brisbane?

So sánh với (compared to) đen: Sydney?

- Mel rank 2: BODY 2: - Xám cao nhất : Mel ? (MEL: followed by chéo? Đen? ) - Aldelaide: chéo? > xám? , so sánh với đen?

Buying instant coffee recorded the highest figure at roughly 50% in Adelaide…. _____________was the most popular habit among Adelaide citizens More noticably, it was only in Adelaide that …….recorded….figure (approximately 50), which was slightly higher than that of café vistors (CÂU CHẺEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE) Dấu ? trong outline là phải trích số liệu vào đó • CÁC LỖI SAI ĐỪNG MẮC - Lỗi viết tắt => k đc viết tắt: Not = n’t ‘s : is/ was… ‘ve: have - Không được dùng : …

- Sai chủ thể indicator : The figure of + V => sai - MĐQH: which/who/that.. + Vqkd Rút gọn: Ving/ Vp2 - SO sánh: + Ving …. More popular than Ving + số liệu…… higher/ lower than + N/V that/ level… of N

‘ll: will…

DAY 7: CHUA WRITING TREND + SO SANH CÁC LỖI SAI THƯỜNG GẶP 1. Sai chủ thể so sánh (N)/ TĂNG GIẢM - Đối tượng so sánh trong bài: LÀ CON SỐ LEVEL/ PERCENTAGE/ PROPORTION/ NUMBER/AMOUNT/ figures…

Chứ không phải INDICATOR (TIÊU CHÍ) SAI: The number of N1 tăng while N2 giảm ->………………………………………………..số liệu N2 giảm 2. LẶP chủ thể so sánh SAI: The number of N1 tăng while the number of N2 giảm Thay ở Vế 2: “that of”/ figure for../ statistics of… thay thế cho the number/ level/ percentage… ĐÚNG: THE…number. OF N1 TĂNG WHILE THAT OF N2 GIẢM 3. SAI ĐƠN VỊ: - %: proportion/ percentage/ rate/ level..

- Đếm đầu người/ số lượng.. + N đếm dc: NUMBER - Đếm sản lượng + N k đếm dc: amount 4. Câu thiếu S/ V: thiếu thành phần câu - S QUÁ DÀI: viết xong S quên viết V - Viết S và viết MĐQH BỔ NGHĨA CHO S : quên luôn viết V 5. Chia V: - Thì: + Từ bắt đầu: It is clearly seen/ obvious/.. As we can see:…: HTĐ + Trend/ cao nhất thấp nhất : qkđ, htđ,…

- Số ít nhiều: => XÁC ĐỊNH N TRUNG TÂM CỦA S + S ít + V ít + S nhiều + V nhiều 6. Tính thống nhất + DẤU CÂU chính tả - KHÔNG ĐƯỢC VIẾT TẮT: n’t, ‘ll,’d…..

- %.../ percent.: k được lẫn - Không dùng : …

Khi liệt kê: such as a, b and c Like a and b • LƯU Ý: + At + mốc số liệu VD: the rate…slightly increased at 99% in 2001 + By + hiệu (sau khi tăng/ giảm) The rate… slightly increased by 1% / at 11% from 2001 to 2020 ( 2001: 10%, 2020: 11%) The rate… rapidly increased by 50% / + tăng/ giảm + to + mốc sau + Hiệu + so sánh hơn

7. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: XÁC ĐỊNH ĐÚNG ĐẠI TỪ/ TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ I live in Hanoi, where/which is a big city.

Hanoi, which/where I live, is a big city.

8. Nói về opposite trend mà k để bị lặp/ trend giống nhau.

- Sử dụng các công thức khác nhau - While the opposite trend/ feature… was true with N the similar ……………………….. was also seen/ recorded in…. N

DAY 8: IELTS WRITING TASK 1 - PROCESS I) SEQUENCERS AND CONNECTING STRUCTURES • “First of all”, “The first step/stage is”,” The process begins/ starts/ with Noun” • “Next”, “In the next/following step”, “The next step involves”, “subsequently” • “After that”, “After which” • “Before + Clause”, “After + Clause”, “Once + P2” • “Finally”, “In the final step” , “The process ends with” II) TYPES OF PROCESS The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.

Man-made Process

The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth

Nature Process

III) MAN-MADE PROCESS

1. Passive Voice Exercise: Complete the process using “Passive Voice”

The first diagram (1-illustrate) ____________the process of cement manufacture, and the second diagram (2-show) _____________ the materials that go into the production of concrete.

It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with the input of raw materials and ending with bags of the finished product. To produce concrete, four different materials (3-mix) ______________ together.

At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay (4-crush) ____________ to form a powder. This powder then (5-mix) ______________ before it passes into a rotating heater. After heating, the resulting mixture (6-grind) _______________, and cement (7-produce) ______________. Finally, the cement (8-package) _______________in large bags.

Cement is one of the four raw materials that (9-use) _______________ in the production of concrete, along with gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete (10-consist) _______________ of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10% water. All four materials are blended together in a rotating machine called a concrete mixer.

Example:

Question: The diagram illustrates how steel rods are manufactured in the furniture industry.

Model Essay by TT Step 1: Paraphrase the question. + illustrate: + how steel rods are manufactured + furniture industry

The diagram(s) The graph(s)

reveal(s) illustrate(s) represent(s) describe(s)

The production of A The process of producing / making A The process/steps involved in producing/ making A The process by which A is (are) produced The steps/ stages by which A is (are) produced

Step 2: Write the Overview In order to write a good overview, you must give answers to 2 questions: + The number of stages + How the process begins and ends E.g: Overall, it can be easily seen that there are X steps/ stages in the manufacturing of A, beginning with ….. and ending with …….

Step 3: Write the 2 Bodies Body 1: Raw material => Ingot pour

Body 2: The rest

IV) Nature Process Model Essay by TT Step 1: Paraphrase the question.

• The picture illustrates the way in which __________ • The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of _________

Step 2: Write the Overview In order to write a good overview, you must give answers to 2 questions: + The number of stages + How the process begins and ends

Step 3: Write the 2 Bodies Common Vocab: Develop, enlarge, grow, appear, start to change into, continue to, become, emerge, form…

1. Con mẹ đẻ trứng • The female frog lays a number of eggs in the water, shown as frogspawn.

• At the fist stage in the life cycle of a silkworm, the mom lays its eggs.

2. Con vật phát triển đầy đủ và sẵn sàng đẻ trứng duy trì nòi giống • In the final stage, the frog is fully adult and is ready to mate.

• At the final stage, the frog reach full maturity and ready to reproduce.

3. Vòng tuần hoàn lặp lại • The cycle will then begin again.

• The cycle will begin anew 4. Diễn đạt thời gian • It takes approximately ten days for … to ….., around ten days later, after four to six weeks, this stage lasts for … days

Body 1: Lay eggs => hatch

Body 2: The rest

DAY 9: HOW TO WRITE A MAP 1. Different Kinds of Map Question

2. Structure

HOW TO WRITE AN OVERVIEW

ibe Specific Changes r c s e D o t w o H 3

Practice

Planning

DAY 10: MIX I. Static Graphs 1. Stood at / totaled / amounted to ….. (+respectively) 2. accounted for / contributed / took up / made up 3. Compared to / compared with / in comparison with / as opposed to 4. to be higher than / exceeds 5. more /less / fewer / more popular (among) / more common (among) 6. which was X times as high as /doubled / tripled /was half of … the figure for /higher 7. prefer / have a (strong) preference to (chủ động + bị động) 8. Similarly / Likewise 9. In contrast / By contrast / Meanwhile Purpose: Compare and contrast figures

The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

• You should write at least 150 words.

• You should spend about 20 minutes on this task Từ vựng nhóm tu ổi

Planning

II. Dynamic Graphs

1. Subject + Verb + Adverb + Number + Time Period The number of female students at NEU increased significantly (to 2000) in 2009 2. There + be + a/an + Adjective + Noun + number + in “what” + Time period There was a significant increase (to 2000) students in the number of female students at NEU in 2009 3. Subject + experienced /saw/witnessed + a/an + Adjective + Noun + number + Time period The number of female students at NEU experienced/saw/ witnessed a significant increase (of 200) in 2009 4. A/an + Adjective + Noun + number + was seen + in “what” + Time period A significant increase (of 200) was seen in the number of female students at NEU in 2009 5. Time period + witnessed/saw + a/an + Adjective + Noun + in “what” The year 2009 saw a significant increase (of 200) students in the number of female students at NEU. 6. with figures standing at …. and …. respectively.

7. which was followed by + N, which was the highest figure …

8. then 9. In terms of The line graph shows the number of books that were borrowed in four different months in 2014 from four village libraries, and the pie chart shows the percentages of books, by type, that were borrowed over this time.

Number of books borrowed from four village libraries

W riti n g Task 2 H O M E WO R K

COMMON MISTAKES OF DAY 1 1

- If you don't have to worry about the distance to work, job applicants, you can consider carefully some important aspects of the job such as salary or working environment, which are important factors affecting job satisfaction later on.

- Without having to worry about distance to work, job applicants, you can consider - Of a job such as salary or the working environment, which play an essential role.

2

- For example, team sports are created opportunity for players in order to develop interpersonal skills such as teamwork, communication skills, which not only help us day to day social interactions but also have benefit in workplace.

- Furthermore, team-sport will foster friendship between the members, consolidate the long-term relationship by creating a natural community - Not only help us in day-to-day social interactions but also beneficial in working environment .

Love

3

- In addition, team-sports foster new friendships between team members, and consolidate existing relationships, by create a natural community, where the players can share experiences and passion for a particular activity.

- Additionally, team sports foster new friendships among team members and strengthen existing relationships by creating a natural community

4

- Due to the high volumes of traffic, a huge amount of emissions release into the atmosphere, create the degradation of air quality, which is thought to be significant contributor with a lot of respiratory disease like lung cancer.

- Large quantities of pollutants are being released into the atmosphere.

5

Citizens usually frequently exposed to a large amount of information from the media, including TV, social media and advertisement, most of which are fake or exaggerated

6

-> Although a lot of people think that tourism will be more likely to cause tension, my opinion is that international tourism will facilitate understanding between people of different cultural backgrounds.

DAY 1: COMMON MISTAKES Sample essay by IELTS SIMON In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

In recent years it has become far more normal for people to live alone, particularly in large cities in the developed world. In my opinion, this trend could have both positive and negative consequences in equal measure.

Introduction

The rise in one-person households can be seen as positive for both personal

and

broader

economic

reasons.

On

an

individual level, people who choose to live alone may become more independent and self-reliant than those who live with family members. A young adult who lives alone, for example, will need to learn to cook, clean, pay bills and manage his or her budget, all of which are valuable life skills; an increase in the number of such indi-

Body

viduals can certainly be seen as a positive development. From an economic perspective, the trend towards living alone will result in greater demand for housing. This is likely to benefit the construction industry, estate agents and a whole host of other companies that rely

on

homeowners

to

buy

their

products

or

services.

However, the personal and economic arguments given above can be considered from the opposite angle. Firstly, rather than the positive feeling of increased independence, people who live alone may experience feelings of loneliness, isolation and worry. They miss out on the emotional support and daily conversation that family or flatmates can provide, and they must bear the weight of all household bills and responsibilities; in this sense, perhaps the trend

Body

towards living alone is a negative one. Secondly, from the financial point of view, a rise in demand for housing is likely to push up property prices and rents. While this may benefit some businesses, the general population, including those who live alone, will be faced with rising living costs.

In conclusion, the increase in one-person households will have both beneficial and detrimental effects on individuals and on the economy.

Conclusion

Structure of an essay in IELTS writing task 2 INTRODUCTION Provide general information about the topic State the purpose of the essay

BODY 1 Provide one side of the argument Main idea => Explanation/Reason/Example/….

BODY 2 Provide one side of the argument Main idea => Explanation/Reason/Example/….

CONCLUSION Summarize the main ideas of the essay

I. Marking Criteria 1. Task response - Trả lời hết các phần của đề bài Có luận điểm rõ ràng, được phát triển đầy đủ In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

Intro: In my opinion, this trend could have both positive and negative consequences in equal measure.

Conclusion: the increase in one-person households will have both beneficial and detrimental effects on individuals and on the economy.

Luận điểm: one-person households can be seen as positive – personal / economic individual level ……/From an economic perspective……

-

On an

2. Coherence and Cohesion Sắp xếp thông tin một cách logic Sử dụng từ nối chính xác và hiệu quả Chia đoạn văn hợp lý Đưa ra một ý trọng tâm trong mỗi đoạn, có sự tiến triển xuyên suốt

3. Lexical Resource - Sử dụng từ vựng một cách phong phú, tự nhiên để truyền tải thông điệp chính xác - Só khả năng sử dụng những từ ít thông dụng với ít lỗi sai - Có ít lỗi sai về chính tả và cấu tạo từ 4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy - Sử dụng đa dạng và chính xác những cấu trúc ngữ pháp - Có ít lỗi sai về ngữ pháp và dấu câu, không gây ảnh hưởng đến việc đọc hiểu.

II. Common Grammatical mistakes in IELTS Writing Task 2 1 Question: Academic subjects (Maths, Physic,….) or Sports and Music Students who want to become biologist or scientist, they must have basic knowledges of subjects like math and biology which was taught in high school before getting in university.

2 Question: Benefits and drawbacks of playing video games On the one hand, playing video games may provides benefit to the players in some aspect.

On the other hand, adverse affect of video games are predominant than its benefit.

The graph below gives information about the percentage of people living in Australia who were born in Asia, the UK, and other regions.

The line chart illustrates the proportion of Australian were born in Asia, the UK and other regions lived in Australia from 1976 to 2011.

Question: Benefits of doing volunteer work.

Doing unpaid jobs are one of the best ways to establish new friendships and strengthen existing ones. For example, my uncle, who spent his teenage years participating in a volunteer organization and made a lot of new friends.

a. What is a Relative Clause?

Well first of all, it is a clause, which means it has “Subject” and “Verb” It acts like an Adjective in a sentence -> add the extra meaning to the “Noun” Example:

Relative pronounce A handsome boy.

A handsome boy, who has just graduated from high school

S

Verb Relative Clause

b. Relative Pronounces Who: Subject or Object of a Sentence

The guys who taught me English The girl who I met yesterday

Whom: Object of a Sentence

The boy whom I loved The girl whom I met yesterday

After ‘prepositions (in, on, at)’, “Who” can only represent the Subject The girl who I talked to yesterday -> The girl to whom I talked yesterday

The dog which I really like

Represent general things

The girl I hate just failed the test, which makes me feel happy

Represent an event

WHICH

For people

The girl whose hair is black

For things

The building whose windows got broken

WHOSE The boss that I hate

Represent people

The book that I like

Represent things

THAT = in/on/at + which

The village which I grew up in The village in which I grew up The village where I grew up

WHERE/WHEN

Short Forms

V-ing: when ‘relative pronounce’ is the subject and the Verb is active

The man who stand there The man standing there

V-ed: when ‘relative pronounce’ is the subject and the Verb is passive

The boy who was bitten by the dog The boy bitten by the dog

to V: when there is “the” + “first, second, last, only, most beautiful…”

She was the last girl to finish the test

EXAMPLE Nếu mà không phải lo lắng về distance to work, job applicants có thể cân nhắc những important aspects của một công việc như lương hay working environment, những điều đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc bảo đảm job satisfaction sau này

Ví dụ, những môn thể thao đồng đội cho người chơi cái opportunity để phát triển interpersonal skills như là teamwork và communication skills, những thứ không chỉ giúp đỡ chúng ta trong day-to-day social interactions mà còn có ích trong môi trường làm việc

Thêm vào đó, những môn thể thao đồng đội foster những tình bạn mới giữa các thành viên trong đội, và củng cố những mỗi quan hệ đã có, bằng việc tạo ra một natural community, nơi mà những người chơi có thể chia sẻ những kinh nghiệm và sự đam mê cho một hoạt động cụ thể nào đó

Do cái high volumes of traffic, một lượng lớn khí thải được thải ra bầu khí quyển, tạo ra sự degradation of air quality, cái mà được nghĩ rằng là một significant contributor to rất nhiều loại respiratory disease như là ung thư phổi

Những người dân sống ở thành phố thì thường frequently exposed to một lượng lớn thông tin từ the media, bao gồm TV, social media và cả quảng cáo, phần lớn trong số đó là giả mạo hoặc là exaggerated

3 Question: Academic subjects (Maths, Physic,….) or Sports and Music On the one hand, I strongly believe that music and sports should not be taught in schools. Firstly, it will increase the burden for students. As they not only concentrate on academic subjects but also pass subjects like sports and music.

Question: Benefits and drawbacks of playing video games Secondly, people who play video games tend to less confident than other people. Because they always stay at home and play games instead of communicating with other people. As a result, they often worry and afraid when they speak in the crowd or strangers.

Although / Even though / Though: usually used to connect two clauses. which show contrast in meaning.

Eg: Although I love my job and worked very hard, I got fired!

Even though the size of the car is small, it’s surprisingly spacious. *Note: Although / even though / though are followed by Clause *Despite / In spite of : followed by a Noun Despite its small size, the car is surprisingly spacious.

In spite of my hard work, I got fired! *Note: Although / even though / though / despite / in spite of do NOT go with “but” Although I love my job and worked very hard, but I got fired!

Because / As / Since : usually used to connect two clauses. The clause with “because / as / since express the reasons.

Eg: Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied.

I do everything for you because I love you. *Note: “because / as / since” are followed by Clause *Because of / Due to : followed by a Noun Because of her beauty, she’s won several national awards.

Due to his carelessness, the driver caused an accident. *Note: because / as / since / because of / due to do NOT go with “so” Because you worked really hard, so you deserved a raise *Note: since can also be used in perfect tenses I have lived in Japan since 2010.

EXAMPLE

1. Bởi vì people ngày nay có xu hướng có heavier workload and more hectic schedules hơn là trong quá khứ, việc ngồi xuống để share a meal với những thành viên khác trong gia đình có thể không là một convenient choice.

2. Mặc dù tôi đồng ý rằng harsher punishments có thể là một cách hiệu quả để deter people from committing road offenses, tôi tin rằng có những biện pháp tốt hơn để bảo vệ sự an toàn của người đi đường.

3. Mặc dù nhiều người nghĩ rằng ngành du lịch sẽ dễ cause tension, quan điểm của tôi là international tourism sẽ facilitate understanding rất nhiều giữa những người đến từ different cultural background.

4 Question: Academic subjects (Maths, Physic,….) or Sports and Music People have different views about what subjects should teach for students in schools. While some argue that courses like sports and music need to add to the education curriculum, I believe that students should focus on academic subjects such as mathematics and science.

There has been heated debate over whether schools should focus on teaching academic subjects which will benefit for student’s career or subjects namely music and sports.

DAY 2: HOW TO WRITE AN INTRODUCTION I) Introduction Paragraph in Writing Task 2 Introduction = Background Statement + Thesis Statement

Paraphrase the question Example: In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

In recent years it has become far more normal for people to live alone, particularly in large cities in the developed world In my opinion, this trend could have both positive and negative consequences in equal measure

Background Thesis

Những cách Paraphrase: Question: Governments should financially support businesses which are facing the possibility of going bankrupt.

- Sử dụng câu chủ động – bị động

- Đổi dạng từ: Support (V) => Support (N); Bankrupt (adj) => Bankruptcy (N)

- Sử dụng chủ ngữ giả “It / There” => It is important/argued/true that

- Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa: support = aid; the possibility = the risk

Question: In some countries, parents expect their children to spend a long time studying both in and after school and have less free time.

- Sử dụng câu chủ động – bị động

- Đổi dạng từ

- Sử dụng chủ ngữ giả “It / There”

- Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa

Question: The government should invest more money in teaching science than in other subjects for a country’s development and progress

- Sử dụng câu chủ động – bị động

- Đổi dạng từ

- Sử dụng chủ ngữ giả “It / There”

- Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa

Question: Some people think that strict punishment for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety.

II) Analyze the question (Adapted from Paragraph and Essay – Zim Academy)

1. Xác định loạiv thông tin của đề bài * Đề bài trong IELTS Writing Task 2 sẽ được chia làm 3 nhóm thông tin chính: - FACT (thực trạng) – thường xuất hiện trong câu hỏi 2-part question Example: In some countries, parents expect their children to spend a long time studying both in and after school and have less free time. What are the positive and negative effects that this could have on children and the society they live in?

- TREND (xu hướng – thực trạng phổ biến hiện nay) – thường xuất hiện trong câu hỏi 2-part question hoặc Positive – Negative Example: It is becoming increasingly popular for people to have a year off between finishing school and going to university.

- OPINION (ý kiến đám đông) – thường xuất hiện trong câu hỏi Opinion và Discussion Example: Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public transport systems. To what extend do you agree?

Xác định đúng nội dung thông tin của đề bài sẽ giúp các người viết Paraphrase chính xác nội dung ở phần mở bài và từ đó cải thiện điểm ở phần Task Response (TR).

Example Question: It is becoming increasingly popular for people to have a year off between finishing school and going to university.

Paraphrase: Many people think that it is better for students to have a gap year between finishing high school and entering university. => Điểm phần TR sẽ bị trừ:

Exercise:Đọc các đề bài sau và xác định xem chúng là FACT,TREND hay OPINION 1. Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age.

2. International tourism is becoming cheaper, and countries are opening their door to more and more tourists.

3. Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medi cines and to test the safety of other products.

4. In many countries, the use of alternative energy sources (wind and solar energy) is being encouraged.

5. The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment.

6. Many reports on the media now only focus on problems rather than positive development. Some people think it is harmful to both individualsand society.

7. Many people are becoming seriously overweight. Some people think that the best solution is to increase the price of fattening foods.

8. Some companies find that their employees lack interpersonal skills.

9. In many countries, people either live alone or in small family units, rather than in large families.

10. Some people think planning for the future is a waste of time and that we should focus more on the present.

2. Xác định rõ các phần được nêu ra trong đề bài What is “addresses all parts of the task”? + Chủ thể / các khía cạnh của chủ thể + Câu hỏi + Số từ

Question: Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that video games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. Discuss both view an give your opinion.

Intro: Paraphrase Body 1: Adverse effects Body 2: On the other hand, I would agree that these disadvantages are outweighed by advantages. First and foremost, players may increase their reflex and teamwork. For example, in some video games such as League of legends, if one team wants to win, they need to use their combine and their reflex skills. Secondly, video games create more job opportunities for people who love games. For instance, many gamers receive a lot of money when they take part in some e-sport events or become streamers on the social network.

Conclusion: In conclusion, I strongly believe that the advantage effects of video games are much more than the disadvantages.

a. Ngăn cách bằng từ nối “and”, “or” hoặc cụm “either… or…” / “neither… nor…”

Example: • Many animal species are becoming extinct due to human activities both on land and in the sea. What are the causes? What could be done?

• Some people believe that the aging population is good for business, the economy and society. Others, however, disagree with this view. Discuss both views and give your opinion • It is neither impossible nor useful to provide university places for a large proportion of students. To what extend do you agree or disagree? b. Xác định sự so sánh trong bài.

Có rất nhiều đề bài viết (nhất là dạng Opinion) đưa ra sự so sánh giữa 2 đối tượng: • Some people think libraries are no longer needed because we can now read books on the internet.

• Some people think that reading books can help develop imagination and language skills better than watching TV.

3. Những lỗi thường gặp a. Không xác định rõ các thành phần của đề bài Example: Question: Some people think painting and sports are as important as other subjects, they should be compulsory in the high school education. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Introduction: Paraphrase + I agree Body 1: Why academic subjects (Math, Physics, Biology,…) are important.

Body 2: Why painting and sports are important.

Conclusion: While academic subjects are important, painting and sports also play an important role in the curriculum.

b. Nhầm lẫn giữa nội dung các câu hỏi Example: Question: Some people think it is neither possible nor useful for the government to provide university places for a large proportion of students. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Answer: In my opinion, studying in university can bring several benefits to students, but it can also have some drawbacks.

Exercise: Make a plan for these questions below 1. In schools and universities, girls tend to choose arts, while boys like science.

What are the reasons for this trend and do you think this tendency should be changed?

Intro: Body 1: Body 2: 2. Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What are the reasons? What could be done?

Intro: Body 1: Body 2: 3. Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university, in order to travel or to work. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Intro: Body 1: Body 2: 4. Students learn far more with their teachers than other sources (the internet or television). To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro: Body 1: Body 2: 5. In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. Which of these two systems is more appropriate in today's world?

Intro: Body 1: Body 2: 6. The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel. Do you agree or disagree?

Intro: Body 1: Body 2:

DAY 3: BODY PARAGRAPHS I) Structure of the body paragraph Phát triển luận điểm

Luận điểm Câu chủ đề

Example: Câu chủ đề: The rise in one-person households can be seen as positive for both personal and broader economic reasons Luận điểm 1 (Idea 1): On an individual level, people who choose to live alone may become more independent and self-reliant than those who live with family members Phát triển luận điểm 1: A young adult who lives alone, for example, will need to learn to cook, clean, pay bills and manage his or her budget, all of which are valuable life skills; an increase in the number of such individuals can certainly be seen as a positive development Luận điểm 2 (Idea 2): From an economic perspective, the trend towards living alone will result in greater demand for housing Phát triển luận điểm 2: This is likely to benefit the construction industry, estate agents and a whole host of other companies that rely on homeowners to buy their products or services Note: In “Task response” – one of 4 criteria in marking WT 2: Band 6: presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/unclear Band 7: presents, extends and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to overgeneralise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus

1.a. Câu chủ đề Câu chủ đề = Chủ đề chung (đối tượng chính) + Mục đích In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

The rise in one-person households can be seen as Chủ đề chung positive for both personal and broader economic reasons Mục đích của đoạn Vậy, để viết được câu chủ đề cần: + Xác định được đối tượng / chủ thể / chủ đề chung của bài văn + Xác định ý tưởng trung tâm của đoạn văn, lưu ý là ý tưởng trung tâm phải giải quyết được vấn đề của đề bài

Example 1: People in big cities are facing many health challenges due to a high level of air pollution. What causes air pollution in big cities?

Can you suggest some ways to deal with this situation? Đối tượng chính: Example 2: Some students prefer to take a gap year between high school and university, to work or to travel. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? Đối tượng chính: Câu chủ đề cho Body 1: Một mặt, có một vài những hạn chế tiềm ẩn khi nhắc tới việc taking a gap year trước khi bước và cuộc sống đại học.

Câu chủ đề cho Body 2: Mặt khác, xu hướng nghỉ một năm để tích lũy kiến thức và kinh nghiệm chắc chắn mang lại một số lợi ích to lớn, mà theo tôi, điều này vượt trội hơn hẳn những hạn chế nói trên.

1.b. Câu đưa ra luận điểm Câu luận điểm = Ý tưởng cụ thể (thể hiện rõ mục đích của đoạn văn) Việc chọn được những Luận điểm (ý tưởng) thuyết phục, dễ triển khai phụ thuộc hoàn toàn vào vốn kiến thức xã hội và khả năng tư duy của các bạn.

Chính vì vậy mà các bạn cần đọc nhiều lên nhé!

Example: On the other hand, the trend towards taking a year off to accumulate knowl edge and experience certainly brings about some great benefits, which, I believe, do outweigh the aforementioned drawbacks. => Suy nghĩ xem vậy việc có 1 năm gap year sẽ đem lại lợi ích gì? + Cung cấp cơ hội để khám phá những nền văn hóa khác nhau vòng quanh thế giới

+ Cung cấp cơ hội để học một ngôn ngữ mới thông qua việc giao tiếp với người dân bản địa.

+ Cung cấp cơ hội để sống tự lập khỏi bố mẹ.

+ Cung cấp cơ hội để phát triển những “transferable skills”.

On the one hand, there are some potential drawbacks when it comes to taking a gap year before embarking on university life. => Suy nghĩ vậy 1 năm gap year sẽ mang lại những hệ quả tiêu cực gì? + 1 năm gap year sẽ delay tiến độ học tập (academic progress) của một học sinh

+ việc đi du lịch trong năm gap year có thể sẽ đắt đỏ do vé máy bay, tiền thuê nhà và những phí sinh hoạt khác

+ nhiều bạn tham gia vào những hoạt động không lành mạnh như chơi điện tử hay đi mua sắm

1.c. Cách thức trình bày / phát triển luận điểm • Lý do – làm rõ nguồn gốc của vấn đề Cấu trúc thường sử dụng: + because / since/ as + This is because + This stems from the fact that ….

- A gap year provides the opportunity to explore different cultures around the world

- A gap year provides students with the opportunity to develop their transferable skills

• So sánh - so sánh hai đối tượng để thấy sự tương đồng hoặc sự khác biệt.

Cấu trúc thường dùng: + While + S + V, S + V + Compared to + N, + (S+V)

• Sự thật - làm rõ vấn đề bằng một tình huống mà nhiều người đã trải qua hoặc một tình trạng chung. Cấu trúc thường dùng: + In fact, S+ V + As a matter of fact, S + V

- A gap year provides students with the opportunity to develop their transferable skills

• Ví dụ - giúp người đọc hình dung bằng một trường hợp cụ thể Cấu trúc thường sử dụng + such as/like + N + For example / For instance

- A gap year provides students with the opportunity to develop their transferable skills

• Kết quả - chứng minh lập luận đúng đắn bằng cách đưa ra hiệu quả / hậu quả Cấu trúc thường sử dụng: + As a result / Therefore / Hence, + S + V + As a consequence + Eventually,… + This results in / leads to + N + …., which results in / leads to Compared to those who pursue tertiary education immediately after high school, students who choose to take a gap year are certainly slower on their academic track

• Giả thuyết - Đưa giả định để thấy tầm quan trọng của đối tượng, giải pháp.

Cấu trúc thường dùng: + If + S + V + Unless + Without …

Secondly, students may engage in unhealthy and unproductive activities such as playing video games or going shopping, which are not only of little help to self-development but also consumes a great deal of time and money

Luận điểm và triển khai của các bạn

II) 3 types of paragraphs in IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Single Idea paragraph: Sentence 1. Topic sentence (1 câu): Câu chủ đề – đoạn này nhằm để chứng minh điều gì?

Sentence 2. Argument (1-2 câu): đưa ra lập luận để chứng minh Sentence 3. Example (1 câu): đưa ra ví dụ chứng minh cách lập luận đúng trong thực tế Sentence 4. Mini-conclussion (1 câu): khẳng định diều đưa ra trong đoạn là đúng từ ví dụ đã nêu Example: On the other hand, the trend towards taking a year off to accumulate knowledge and experience certainly brings about a great benefit, which, I believe, does outweigh the aforementioned drawbacks. A gap year provides students with the opportunity to develop their transferable skills. This is because participating in a gap year program, such as a foreign volunteer trip, teaches students how to collaborate and communicate with other people, which I believe to be essential in the current workplace. In fact, recruiters nowadays tend to favor candidates who not only have excellent academic records but also possess a range of soft skills. As a result, those who spent their gap year doing volunteer work or working as an intern can certainly expect a smoother job interviewing process.

2. Double Ideas paragraph: Sentence 1. Topic sentence: đoạn này chứng minh điều gì?

Sentence 2. Argument 1: trình bày ý tưởng thư nhất Sentence 3. Expand argument 1: giải thích ý tưởng bằng lập luận hoặc ví dụ Sentence 4. Argument 2: ý tưởng thứ 2 Sentence 5. Expand argument 2: giải thích ý tưởng bằng lập luận hoặc ví dụ Example: On the other hand, the trend towards taking a year off to accumulate knowledge and experience certainly brings about some great benefits, which, I believe, do outweigh the aforementioned drawbacks. Firstly, a gap year provides the opportunity to explore different cultures around the world. This is because while travelling, students can participate in many cultural events, or befriend real local people, from whom they can learn about regional traditions and practices. A gap year provides students with the opportunity to develop their transferable skills. This is because participating in a gap year program, such as a foreign volunteer trip, teaches students how to collaborate and communicate with other people, which I believe to be essential in the current workplace.

3. Triple Ideas paragraph: Sentence 1. Topic sentence: đoạn này chứng minh điều gì?

Sentence 2. Argument 1: trình bày ý tưởng số 1 Sentence 3. Argument 2: trình bày ý tưởng số 2 Sentence 4. Argument 3: trình bày ý tưởng số 3 Example: On the one hand, there are some potential drawbacks when it comes to taking a gap year before embarking on university life. Firstly, compared to those who pursue tertiary education immediately after high school, students who choose to take a gap year are certainly slower on their academic track. Secondly, travelling for a year can be expensive, considering plane tickets, accommodation, and various other types of living expenses. This would put parents who are not well-off under a certain level of financial pressure, in exchange for their children’s experiences. Finally, instead of working, students may be tempted to engage in unhealthy and unproductive activities such as playing video games or going shopping, which are not only of little help to self-development but also consumes a great deal of time and money.

DAY 4: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES I) Synonyms Advantages

Disadvantages

II) Question analysis 1. Opera music has recently been used as a material in Music lessons at school. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend to students? a. Chủ thể b. Nhiệm vụ c. Phạm vi Is the idea below appropriate/relevant to the question?

Main idea: Việc sử dụng opera music trong trường giúp cho giáo viên có nguồn tài nguyên tư liệu phong phú để bài giảng hấp dẫn hơn.

Note: 1 số đề bài sẽ đưa ra khá chung chung: không có phạm vi/ chủ thể cần phân tích không rõ ràng -> BUỘC NGƯỜI VIẾT PHẢI TỰ ĐƯA RA PHẠM VI/ CHỦ THỂ THEO MONG MUỐN VẪN ĐẢM BẢO ĐI THEO HÀNH ĐỘNG CẦN PHÂN TÍCH

Example: Today, people have much more choices than in the past. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?

Phạm vi: không nói rõ phạm vi của chủ thể choices trên phương diện nào!

EDUCATION/ ENTERTAINMENT/ LIVES/ POLITICS/… => MÌNH PHẢI TỰ ĐƯA RA VÀ KHAI THÁC CHỦ THỂ THEO PHẠM VI MÀ MÌNH MUỐN E.g: - Education + hình thức học: truyền thống/ trực tuyến.. + tài nguyên dữ liệu: sách/ mạng/ phương tiện truyền thông/ bạn bè của mình/ năm châu..?!

- Trading: giao thương + Hình thức: truyền thống/ online shopping + số lượng mặt hàng: phong phú đa dạng…

2. New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time.

Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages? a. Chủ thể: b. Nhiệm vụ c. Phạm vi

III) Outline

Conlution

Body 2

Body 1

Introduction

Sentence

Purposes

1

Paraphrasing or restating topic

1

Stating the numbers of ads and disads / stating and claiming about ads and disads EX 1: I believe there are two (main/ major/…) drawbacks/… associated with …, and also two improvements/… we can adopt.

EX 2: Although there are some (obvious/…)drawbacks/… of …, I would argue that there are far more benefits/….

1

Ex 1: (On the one hand,) I believe that … is a positive development for various reasons.

Ex 2: (On the one hand,) I believe that….has brought certain values to …….

Ex 3: (On the one hand,) there are a number of possible drawbacks when ……

1

Idea 1

1

Triển khai idea 1: lý do/ví dụ/hậu quả/giả định…

1

Idea 2

1

Triển khai idea 2: lý do/ví dụ /hậu quả/giả định …

1

NÊU LUÔN DISADVANTAGE 1; NHƯNG CẦN NỐI VỚI ĐOẠN TRÊN BỞI CÁC TỪ NỐI Ex 1: Despite the negatives mentioned above, I believe that the benefits are of greater significance than such disadvantages.

Ex 2: On the other hand, I believe that these advantages mentioned above are outweighed by some major drawbacks.

4

Same as body 1

1

Summing up and restating your opinion In conclusion,/ to sum up,….

• While I recognise the possible disadvantages of…, I consider it to be a positive development overall.

• I believe ….outweigh….

CẦN TRẢ LỜI + HAY – ĐANG ÁP ĐẢO

Question: New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

Introduction 1. Xác định loại thông tin của đề bài: 2. Paraphrase the question to have a background statement: - thay đổi dạng từ: changed (verb) => change (N)

- thay đổi từ đồng nghĩa: new technologies = novel technological devices the way children spend their free time = how children use their leisure time

3. Viết câu “Thesis Statement” để thể hiện mục đích của bài:

Body Paragraphs - Advantages: + Topic sentence: + Suy nghĩ xem việc trẻ em dùng các thiết bị điện tử sẽ có lợi ích gì?

- giúp trẻ làm giàu (enrich) vốn kiến thức và học được những kĩ năng hữu ích Triển khai:

- Trẻ có cơ hội kết nối với nhiều người bạn quanh thế giới bằng việc sử dụng những MXH như facebook, ig, … Triển khai:

- Những thiết bị hiện đại cung cấp nhiều phương thức giải trí (various forms of entertainment) như xem hoạt hình hay chơi điện tử, những thứ, khi được sử dụng điều độ (in moderation), sẽ là một hình thức giải tỏa áp lực (stress reliever) hiệu quả.

Triển khai:

* Disadvantages: + Topic sentence: + Suy nghĩ xem việc trẻ em dùng các thiết bị điện tử sẽ có tác hại gì?

Physical well-being.

- Trẻ em, những người mà thường không kiểm soát được hành vi, có xu hướng dành quá nhiều thời gian cho những hoạt động không lành mạnh như …. trong 1 thời gian dài. Triển khai:

Mental well-being.

- Sự thật là việc trẻ chơi game online quá nhiều có thể gây những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực lên sức khỏe tinh thần Triển khai:

Conclusion

DAY 5: DISCUSSION ESSAY Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Introduction Present the tvopic

Present the objective

Cách 1: It is sometimes argued whether Subject should do / should be done B or C. Cách 2: People have different view regarding + N/N clause While some people believe A, others think B is the better approach This essay will take a closer look into both opinions / sides of the argument and present my personal thoughts on this matter.

Body Topic Sentence

On the one hand, A provides a number of benefits to + N On the other hand, B also has its merits in + N/V_ing

Conclusion Balanced

Partial

In conclusion, A and B both have their own merits and they should be … (implemented simultaneously)

In conclusion, while A has certain benefits / advantages (regarding + N), I believe that B is the better approach / scheme (due to + N)

Question: In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

DAY 6+7: PROBLEMS - CAUSES - EFFECTS - SOLUTIONS Tùy vào từng dạng bài mà câu hỏi sẽ có những sự biến đổi nhất định + Causes and effects + Causes and solutions + Problems and solutions

1 Dạng bài Causes and Solutions Introduction: Câu 1: Paraphrase the topic Câu 2: This essay will take a closer look at some primary causes of this and offer some possible solutions to the problem.

Body 1: There are a number of reasons for ...

The ... of ... can be attributed to ... main reasons (The rise of obesity in children can be attributed to two main reasons) The first reason is ... Another reason is ...

Body 2: There are several actions that could be taken to mitigate the problem mentioned above Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Finally, ...

Conclusion In conclusion, there are various factors leading to ... and measures can be implemented to tackle this issue.

Question: Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem in many countries. What are the causes of this? What solutions can be offered?

2 Dạng bài Causes and Effects Introduction: Câu 1: Paraphrase the topic Câu 2: This essay will take a closer look at some primary causes and also suggest the possible consequences/impacts of this trend.

Body 1: There are a number of reasons for …….

The …………. of …………. can be attributed to ….. main reasons (The rise of obesity in children can be attributed to two main reasons) The first reason is ……….. Another reason is ……………..

Body 2: Due to the changes in …. / such problems, some negative consequences can certainly be expected.

Firstly,… Secondly,…Finally,…

Conclusion: In conclusion, the fact that (Problem) is mainly due to (A, B and C) ,resulting in (Hệ quả/Ảnh hưởng) In conclusion, (A, B and C) are the main driver behind (Problem), which leads to (Hệ quả / Ảnh hưởng) Question: People in many countries are spending less time with their family.

What are the reasons, and effects of this?

3 Dạng bài Problems and Solutions Introduction: Câu 1: Paraphrase the topic Câu 2: Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, solutions can be taken to mitigate these potential problems Body 1: There are a number of problems related to this trend.

The main issue is ... Another problem is ...

Body 2: However, I believe that such problems can be mitigated by the implementation of some feasible solutions Conclusion In conclusion, various measures can be implemented to tackle the problem of ...

Question: In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of aging populations.

DAY 8 + 9: OPINION ESSAY I) Identify the question’s opinion and the opposite opinion Students today can easily access information online, so libraries are no longer necessary. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people think painting and drawing are as important as other subjects, they should be compulsory in the high school education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (20.12.2014)

Wild animals have no place in the 21st century, so protecting them is a waste of resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world.

Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. Which do you think is appropriate in today's world?

Some people believe that it is more important to teach children the literature of their own country than other countries. Do you agree or disagree?

II) Cách thức triển khai Boy Paragraphs và Planning 1. Why the OPPOSED OPINION is BAD and MY OPINION is GOOD 2. Why MY OPINION is GOOD 3. Balanced opinion (both MY OPINION and the OPPOSED OPINION are GOOD) Question: Wild animals have no place in the 21st century, so protecting them is a waste of resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Why MY OPINION is GOOD - Simon Wild animals do have a place

+ Planet Earth exists not only for the benefits of humans => wrong to encourage the extinction of other animals + We have the resources to accommodate the world’s population without destroying all natural habitats.

Why protecting animal is not a waste of resources The habitats of other species are also crucial to humans • Rainforests – produce oxygen => destroyed: not good for human • Maintain natural balance

In my opinion, it is absurd to argue that wild animals have no place in the 21st century. I do not believe that planet Earth exists only for the benefit of humans, and there is nothing special about this particular century that means that we suddenly have the right to allow or encourage the extinction of any species. Furthermore, there is no compelling reason why we should let animals die out. We do not need to exploit or destroy every last square metre of land in order to feed or accommodate the world’s population. There is plenty of room for us to exist side by side with wild animals, and this should be our aim.

I also disagree with the idea that protecting animals is a waste of resources.

It is usually the protection of natural habitats that ensures the survival of wild animals, and most scientists agree that these habitats are also crucial for human survival. For example, rainforests produce oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide and stabilise the Earth’s climate. If we destroyed these areas, the costs of managing the resulting changes to our planet would far outweigh the costs of conservation. By protecting wild animals and their habitats, we maintain the natural balance of all life on Earth.

Why MY OPINION is GOOD and the OPPOSED OPINION is BAD - Bach The money people spent on space programmes would be better spent on vital public services such as schools and hospitals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Space programmes are unnecessary + Such programmes yield few practical results • Space shuttles cost millions of dollars, but have minimal impact on our daily life. + Such programmes are highly risky • Many things can go wrong, and may even be fatal (for the astronauts) • E.g: the Challenger

Public services deserve more money + Lower cost but better results.

• Funding for school => erase illiteracy • Funding for hospital and doctor training => increase people’s life expectancy + improve the image of the country in the eyes of foreigners • E.g: government investments in traffic projects => attract more visitors => strengthen a country economy

It is argued that funds for space programmes should be poured into public services instead. I completely agree with this idea.

Space programmes are unnecessary due to several reasons

I believe public services deserve more money instead of space programmes.

In conclusion, I am of the opinion that the money spent on space programmes is a waste and should be used to improve public services.

Question: Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Balanced opinion (both MY OPINION and the OPPOSED OPINION are GOOD) International tourism creates tension + Some people travel with other wrongful intention • E.g: travel to immigrate to other country => causing many problems + Travel agent provide low quality trip with a lower price • Visitors misunderstand

International tourism creates understanding + Creates opportunities for countries, businesses to collaborate.

• E.g: Cultural-exchange program => find new business partner. + Raise cross-culture awareness •Americans visit Vietnam museums => resolve conflict

Some useful vocabulary: 1. Contribute to the division of different cultures 2. With the intention of doing st E.g: He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa 3. As an excuse for st E.g: His excuse for forgetting her birthday was that he had lost his diary 4. In exchange for st E.g: Wool and timber were sent to Egypt in exchange for linen or papyrus Many vendors are willing to sell low-quality products in exchange for a better price 5. Act as a main contributor to 6. To be the ideal ground for Group meetings are such an ideal ground for the establisment of new relationships 7. To bridge the gap / the misunderstandings among people 8. To raise cross-culture awareness

Introduction

Sentence 1

Paraphrasing or restating topic

1

Stating opinion: trả lời câu hỏi • Chung: In my opinion, I totally/partly ... with this viewpoint/ development/trend/...

Personally,...

From my point of view, ...

• Totally: Personally, I support the idea that ...

• Partly: To some extent I agree that... has an (ADJ) impact on ..., but I would also argue that ...

Body 1

1 1 1 1

Body 2

1 1 1 1

Conlution

Purposes

• Câu mở đầu có thể viết Thesis statement: Khẳng định có “nhiều” lợi ích/ tác hại ...v • hoặc cũng có thể nêu luôn Main IDEA 1 ( cô đã cho viết trên lớp cách triển khai 2 body tùy dạng bài totally/ partly; theo khía cạnh hoặc theo + -) TƯƠNG TỰ BODY 1 Summing up VD dạng totally • In conclusion, I believe that x is unique/ of great importance/ harmful ... ( in its capacity) to V • In conclusion, I am convinced that X will have a positive/negative impact on ... , and …

• In conclusion, we are faced with ... , and this is often more + (positive/ beneficial/ favourable/ advantageous) than - (negative/ unfavourable/ bewildering..) (HOẶC ĐẢO NGƯỢC DẤU) • In conclusion, I would argue that it is undesirable/ desirable for N to V; they should ... instead.

VD dạng partly agree: • In conclusion, I believe that... when ..., and so it is worrying that ...

• In conclusion, while ... obviously influences ..., I do not agree that...

Exercise: Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education and that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial background they have. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

DAY 10: TWO-QUESTION ESSAYS Example: Today parents spend little time with their children. Why is it the case? Who are more affected: parents or children?

Sample Essay: Bach It is true that these days, quality time between parents and children is extremely rare. There are several factors which contribute to this problem, and I believe the children are more heavily impacted than parents.

A negligible amount of time is being spent with children by parents is because of two main reasons. Firstly, parents, especially the breadwinners, have to dedicate a plethora amount of their time to work. In this day and age, where the pace of life is fast, and the living standards are high, these individuals have to work hard to support the whole family, this usually means late hours and long shifts. Take my uncle as an example, with a view to putting his children through international school, he works ninety hours a week, barely even sees his family. Furthermore, even when there is a chance for them to sit together, parents and children do not always get along well due to their generation gap. Most adolescents and teenagers often found their parents’ opinions quite old-fashioned, and would prefer being around their friends instead.

This mentioned problem has a negative impact on both parents and children, but from my perspective, children are more affected. Parents might only bear the guilty of not being able to be around when their son or daughter needs, or not knowing about their life such as their best friends of their school day. However, lack of parental attention can leave children with emotional distress. This is true especially during their formative years, children feeling neglected can lead to severe psychological problems such as autism, and not knowing how to handle emotions, which should have been taught by the parents, can lead them to a low emotional quotient. In fact, studies have established a link between insufficient parental involvement and aggressive behaviors such as bullying. If this goes untreated, the children could potentially grow up to be violent and commit serious crimes.

In conclusion, the shrinking family time can be attributed to those aforementioned reasons, and it is the children who are at risk due to such change.

Structure of this essay

INTRODUCTION Provide general information about the topic Give a brief answer to the 2 questions

BODY 1 Answer question 1 Main idea => Explanation/Reason/Example/...

BODY 2 Answer question 2 Main idea => Explanation/Reason/Example/...

CONCLUSION Summarize the main ideas of the essay

Sentence

Conlution

Body 2 Body 1

Introduction

1

1

1 1 1 1

1

Purposes • Paraphrase topic sentence “It is true/ a fact/ a common trend that …” (sự thật) “ It is said/ believed….” (quan điểm) • Thuật lại câu trả lời cho cả 2 câu hỏi. +”There are various…. , and it seems to me that….” +” While I believe that…., I am also relatively/ strongly convinced that….” +” In my opinion,.....”

Mối quan hệ giữa 2 vế câu trả lời phụ thuộc vào mối quan hệ giữa 2 câu hỏi • Trả lời câu hỏi 1/ khía cạnh 1 • Trả lời câu hỏi 2/ khía cạnh 2 Tóm tắt lại lời khẳng định/ câu trả lời của mình đối với cả 2 câu hỏi.

• “In conclusion, several factors have caused this behavior, and this trend has ... impacts on our lives.” (dạng nêu nguyên nhân + đánh giá good/bad) • “In conclusion,... has certainly ..., but not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive/ negative” (dạng nêu kết quả + đánh giá) • “In conclusion,... is a necessary part of human existence, and I believe that ... should be given more importance than ...” (so sánh) • “In conclusion, both ... and ... must play their part in ...” (cộng gồm 2 vế có tính bổ sung)

Example questions: Question 1: In education and employment, some people work harder than others. Why do some people work harder?

Is it always a good thing to work hard?

Question 2: In recent year, the structure of a family and the role of its members are gradually changing. What kinds of changes can occur? Do you think these changes are positive or negative?

Body 1: Changes in family - Family structure: ngày xưa thường có 3-4 thế hệ living under the same roof >< now: nuclear family with only 2 or even only 1 generation (the rising living cost => prevent people sinh nhiều con) - Family roles: ngày xưa cha là trụ cột kinh tế chính (breawinner) còn mẹ thì lo việc trong nhà (housewife) Bây giờ: access to education is equal for both sexes => women secure the opportunity to hold degrees => financial burden được chia sẻ cho cả cha và mẹ Body 2: positives and negatives - Tích cực: + Con cái của các gia đình nhỏ có cơ hội giáo dục tốt hơn + Có cơ hội đi du học, có bằng cấp quốc tế => tìm công việc tốt hơn - Tiêu cực: + Cha mẹ bận rộn => không có tgian cho con => trẻ có thể mắc các vấn đề tâm lý (tự kỉ) hoặc tham gia hoạt động tội phạm

Question 3: Success is often measured by wealth and material possessions. Do you think wealth is the best measure of success? What makes a successful person?

Question 4: Many young people nowadays choose to remain unmarried. Why are people doing this?

Is this a positive or negative development?

Body 1: Reasons for people to stay single - Have more time to cultivate other important aspects of their lives (job market increases competition / => employers looking for competent candidates => need more time to study) - Financial status (do not have money => ..... become financially independent before entering a committed relationship - They do not want to settle down with the wrong person. (many cases of domestic violence / people haven’t yet discovered undesirable part of their partner => end up hurting the other physically and mentally) Body 2: Agree with this trend - Singledom allows young people to lead a more meaningful lifestyle (open to new experiences => trải nghiệm nhiều thì sẽ phát triển toàn diện nhất) - Take time to discover themselves => know what they’re looking for in a potential partner => Love is never about appearance or common interests, but rather a combination of personal traits and preferences. => being mentally prepared is crucial in making a relationship lasting.

T he

A different “language

is a different vision of life

- Federico Fellini

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