The House of the Future

The New House of the Future; an inspiration from the house of the past.

Y5 Akmal Azhar Unit 22

Past

Present

Future

The Year Planning

London, UK *Developing design *Secondary research *Developing prototype

Guangzhou, China *Case study of vernacular houses

Malaysia *Testing the prototype *Site visit and analysis *Case study of vernacular houses *Case study of Chinese shophouses

= Malaysia = Guangdong, China = South India/ Sri Lanka

= Travel path

Climatic Condition The warm season lasts from April 8 to June 7 with an average daily high temperature above 33°C. The hottest day of the year is May 13, with an average high of 34°C. The cold season lasts from November 11 to January 12 with an average daily high temperature below 32°C. The coldest day of the year is January 11, with an average low of 24°C.

The probability that precipitation will be observed at this location varies throughout the year. Precipitation is most likely around November 2, occurring in 85% of days.

Precipitation is least likely around July 22, occurring in 64% of days.

Over the entire year, the most common forms of precipitation are thunderstorms and light rain. Thunderstorms are the most severe precipitation observed during 85% of those days with precipitation most likely around March 19, when it is observed during 75% of all days.

Light rain is the most severe precipitation observed during 11% of those days with precipitation most likely around December 22, when it is observed during 12% of all days.

During the warm season (April 8 to June 7), there is a 73% average chance that precipitation will be observed at some point during a given day in the form of thunderstorms (90% of days with precipitation have at worst thunderstorms) and light rain (8%).

During the cold season (November 11 to January 12), there is a 79% average chance that precipitation will be observed at some point during a given day in the form of thunderstorms (80% of days with precipitation have at worst thunderstorms), light rain (14%), and moderate rain (5%).

The relative humidity typically ranges from 54% (mildly humid) to 96% (very humid) over the course of the year, rarely dropping below 44% (comfortable) and reaching as high as 100% (very humid).

Over the course of a year, the dew point typically varies from 21°C (muggy) to 26°C (oppressive) and is rarely below 19°C (muggy) or above 27°C (very oppressive).

Over the course of the year typical wind speeds vary from 0 m/s to 5 m/s (calm to gentle breeze), rarely exceeding 7 m/s (moderate breeze).

The highest average wind speed of 2 m/s (light breeze) occurs around August 29. The lowest average wind speed of 1 m/s (light air) occurs around January 9.

The wind is most often out of the north west (17%), north (14%), south (12%), and west (11%).

Political Incfluences

The NEP had the stated goal of poverty eradication and economic restructuring so as to eliminate the identification of ethnicity with economic function. The initial target was to move the ratio of economic ownership in Malaysia from a 2.4:33:63 ratio of Bumiputra, Other Malaysian, Foreigner ownership to a 30:40:30 ratio. This was to be done by redistributing the wealth to increase the ownership of enterprise by Bumiputras from the then 2.4% to 30% of the share of national wealth.

National Economic Policy

Alongside this redistribution of wealth was the goal of increased economic growth. This economic growth would allow the non-Bumiputra share of the economy to decrease, while permitting the growth of non-Bumiputra business interests in absolute terms. In some quarters, this was referred to as “expanding pie theory”: the Bumiputra share of the pie would increase, without reducing the size of the non-Bumiputra slices of the pie.

Wawasan 2020 or Vision 2020 is a Malaysian ideal introduced by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir bin Mohamad during the tabling of the Sixth Malaysia Plan in 1991. The vision calls for the nation to achieve a self-sufficient industrialized nation by the year 2020, encompasses all aspects of life, from economic prosperity, social well-being, educational worldclass, political stability, as well as psychological balance. In order to achieve Vision 2020, Mahathir lamented that the nation required an annual growth of 7% (in real terms) over the thirty-year periods (1990–2020), so that the economy would be eightfold stronger than its 1990 GDP of RM115 billion. This would translate to a GDP of RM920 billion (in 1990 Ringgit terms) in 2020.

Vision 2020

The goal of the NEM is to transform the Malaysian economy to become one with high incomes and quality growth by 2020. At the time of the plan’s unveiling in 2010, per capita annual income in Malaysia stood at 23,100 Malaysian ringgit, approximately $7,000 in US currency; the plan’s stated goal is to reach RM49,500 (US$15,000).

National Economic Model

2013

The keys to the plan are high income, sustainability and inclusiveness. The goal is to stimulate economic growth by improving worker productivity across all sectors of society, in part through an improved system of affirmative action, with an eye towards sustainability. Among other reforms meant to accomplish this goal, the Najib administration have also claimed that the NEM is to empower the private sector and to reduce fiscal disparity between the wealthiest and poorest of Malaysians.

2020

2030

2040

2050

Population Projection

28.6

30.5

32.4

34.3

36

37.4

38.6

Population Projection In 2010, Malaysia’s population is 28.6 million and is projected to increase by 10 million (35.0%) to 38.6 million in 2040. However, the annual population growth rate decreased from 1.8 per cent in 2010 to 0.6 per cent in 2040. This situation is in tandem with the targeted decline in fertility rate and international migration.

Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

= 1 millions

High-rise Housing

Semi-D House

Terrace House

Traditional House

Bungalow/ Detached House Town House

Malaysia Housing Typology

Focus Communities

= Kampung Panggau, Perlis

= Georgetown, Penang

= Ladang Sogomana, Perak

= Malay

= Chinese

= Indian

2020

2013

2015

2010 0.2

0.3

2.3

2020

2.4

6.4

14.3

3.4

2.5

6.6

15.5

3.7

6.8

16.7

4

2.3

8

7.1

17.9

4.3

2.7

2.6 2.3

2.2

7

6.9

0.5

0.4

2.6

2.5

19 4.6

2050

2040

2035

0.4

2.2

2.1

2040

2030

2025 0.4

0.3

2

1.9

2030

20.8

20 4.9

5.1

On the whole, all ethnic groups are expected to record an increase in the total population. The Malays recorded the highest increase of more than six million people from 14.3 million (2010) to 20.9 million (2040). This is followed by Other Bumiputera and Chinese with an increase of 1.8 million and 0.7 million respectively. Indians and non-Malaysian citizens, however, increased by 0.4 million, while the Others posted a low of 0.2 million for the same period.

Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia

New & Old

Traditional Malay House

Verandah

Floor jointing

Roof jointing

Palm thatch

Dowel

Roof jointing

Bolt and nut

Concrete footing

Traditional Malay House

Roof jointing

Floor jointing

Present owner

Full length window

Main door

Roof jointing

Roof decoration

Exterior

Traditional Malay House (with colonial influence)

Verandah

Balcony

Present owner

Original owner

Internal stairs

Exterior

Jointing

Ceiling decoration

Chinese Influences

Malacca Courtyard Houses

Chinese Shophouses

Facade of Chinese Shophouses

Indian Influences

Indian Estate Houses

Shared communal backyard

Floor decorations

Indian Temple in Kuala Lumpur

Street painting

Prototype

Arduino Uno

Sunlight

LDR

0’

180’

Servo motor

Humidity

Precipitation

Wind direction

Sun orientation

Design Issues *Integrating various ethnic groups. *Responding to tropical climate;

**Passive design

**Active design (Arduino) *Empowering agricultural economy;

**Paddy farmers

**Rubber tapers *Reviving traditonal architecture;

**Traditional Malay house

**Chinese courtyard shophouses

Summary