June / July 2011 | Issue 17
w w w . a f r i c a n d i v e r. c o m
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Yo u r F r e e O n l i n e D i v i n g M a g a z i n e
Contents w w w . a f r i c a n d i v e r. com
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Contents REGULARS
5
Ed’s Logbook
48 Allen Walker
F E AT U R E S
6 Cover Photographed by Cormac McC r e e s h
Editors:
Published by:
Cormac McCreesh & Paul Hunter
African Diver cc
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Bryanston
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2021
Adele Sherratt
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editor@africandiver.com
Email: editor@africandiver.com
Paul: 083 391 8961 Fax: 086 503 7177
22 Mola Mola
C O N S E R VAT I O N
39 Junior Divers
14 Eyes on the Horizon
+ 27(0) 83 391 8961
Editorial Enquiries Cormac: 073 036 5829
Broadnose Cow Sharks
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NEWS
18 SACS Update
Destinations
30 Sakatia Lodge Madagascar
P.O. Box 67779 Bryanston 2021
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E
d’s Logbook Technology, or rather the use of technology, has been on my mind whilst putting this issue of African Diver together. It’s thanks to the Internet and some pretty nifty software that we are able to compile this magazine and deliver it all over the world via our website. Our contributors and friends situated in remote and interesting locations all over Africa are able to keep us informed and supplied with information to populate our website with, and get the information out to you, our readers and followers. And it’s pleasing to see technology being used by marine researchers to better understand and put into action plans to conserve the delicate marine life in our African oceans. Satellite tagging is fast becoming a significant player in mapping the travels our large pelagic marine animals follow and this information is the foundation and impetus for cross-border environmental planning. Already satellite tags have provided information for researchers in Mozambique on mantas and whale sharks and in this issue we learn of the vast distance covered by bull sharks. Digital photography is a technology
we at African Diver are particularly fond of, given both Paul and I learned our underwater photography skills back in the days of film. But it’s even more pleasing to see in our Eyes On The Horizon feature how conservationists are using digital photography to assist the Mozambique government to focus conservation efforts on poaching hotspots. Facebook, Twitter, blogs and various other social media outlets keep us informed of our readers’ thoughts and concerns as well as facilitating our efforts to get our news out there. And while these sites are useful, the most important thing about information and information sharing, is that it needs to be actionable. Too often we social media users share bad news without giving thought to how we can do something about it, no matter how small the effort. So we’re incorporating that thought into all our publications and articles – we want to be able to do something about the stuff we come across and we want to help you do so too. So, may your bubbles always be free and your information a catalyst for something that gets done.
Cormac
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Article by: Georgina Jones and Photographs by Geoff Spiby
Cowshark in the (kelp) wood
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Conservation Status
Did You Know
• A shark’s skeleton is not made up of bone, it is made up of cartilage. Cartilage is a tough material, like the material that shapes your ear • A shark’s skin is covered with denticles, which are small, razor-sharp teeth • A shark also has a remarkable sensitivity to vibrations in the water. They also have an amazing sense of smell
Classification Kingdom: Animalia
Order:
Hexanchiformes
Phylum: Chordata
Family:
Hexanchidae
Class:
Genus:
Notorynchus Ayres, 1855
Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Species: N. cepedianus
• Like many mammals, including humans, sharks have a large heart with four separate chambers • Shark meat has an unpopular image as food, so fish markets and chefs change the name of shark meat to rock salmon, rock eel, huss or flake
Distribution of Seven Gill Broadnose Cowsharks
Cowsharks differ from modern sharks in having seven rather than five gills Pa g e 7 | w w w. af r i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
Inspecting the photographer
Shark diving is definitely not for everyone. Many people can happily go on with life without once deliberately going in search of any of the big toothy things. On the other hand though, there is a special thrill in being in 10m of water being circled by sharks bigger than any human and in doing so without a cage and in apparent safety. The site is Pyramid Rock, a shallow inshore dive site just south of Simonstown. It is reached either by boat or about a 100m surface swim from shore. The sharks involved are not great whites, as many might expect, this being Cape Town after all, but instead are cowsharks. Just why they are called cowsharks is a mystery, since they are not particularly bovine and they most certainly do not eat grass. And just why divers at this site should be safe from their not-inconsiderable appetites is as much of a mystery, but so it has been so far. Pa g e 8 | www.africandiver.com Contents
Cowsharks, or sevengills, are part of the most ancient shark family known, the Hexanchidae. There are four members of the family, three of which are deep water species. Cowsharks, by contrast, are coastal species and are found in all cool inshore waters of all the oceans of the world, other than the North Atlantic. Despite their being relatively common, pretty big, and generally slow-moving, many facets of their lives remain unknown. They are large sharks: the largest measured was a female of around 3m and massing over 180kg. They have black spots dorsally, are greyish above and paler below, and have one small dorsal fin set far back and close
The blood visible on the leading edge of the fin is probably mating damage
to their tails. Their eyes are small and their teeth are usually hidden, but they are no
in groups and any dithering on the part of
of their electromagnetic sense. The third
less functional for all that.
the hunter might lead to another nabbing its
involves swimming very slowly, with only
meal.
the slightest fin movements, enabling the
The teeth in the upper jaw are jagged and
shark to approach its victim. Once close
sharp, for holding struggling prey, while
Cowsharks are known to have several
the lower jaw has comb-shaped teeth for
hunting strategies. One involves cruising
Lastly, in some circumstances, cowsharks
tearing into and cutting prey. Cowsharks are
slowly and apparently harmlessly while
will pack hunt.
opportunistic predators and will eat a wide
choosing a prey animal, then suddenly
range of prey, both in size and species. Prey
turning and speeding towards the victim.
is either eaten in a single gulp or else bitten
Another uses ambush at night or in
is bigger than they are, such as a seal. The
in two and eaten in two or three bites. This
poor visibility, when cowsharks have an
group surrounds its target and moves ever
may be because cowsharks tend to be found
advantage over prey, probably because
closer, until finally, one takes the first bite.
enough, it’s a sudden dash and then dinner.
They usually do this when the prey animal
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This inspires the rest of the group and the result is almost always unsatisfactory from the seal’s perspective. Exactly what makes a cowshark choose a particular animal as prey is not known, nor is it known how they decide to switch from
ON THE HUNT
solitary to pack hunting, although they are known to be efficient near-apex predators. Their predators are probably only great white sharks and perhaps killer whales, though cowsharks will even attack a great white if it seems weakened. They eat 350kg seals, big rays, other sharks and bony fish, but are not above snacking on cephalopods, lobsters, carrion or shark eggs if they’re available. As regards eating humans, the story gets perplexing. There is one record of human remains being found in a cowshark’s stomach off the Californian coast, but since this was after a suicide off the Golden Gate Bridge, the general consensus is that the shark was bottom feeding.
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Cowsharks are curious animals and come in close to inspect divers Pa g e 1 1 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
“Cowsharks are known to have several hunting strategies. One involves cruising slowly and apparently harmlessly while choosing a prey animal, then suddenly turning and speeding Their cartilaginous skeleton gives cowsharks extraordinary flexibility
towards the victim.�
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The cowsharks’ impressive set of teeth are usually hidden from view
Around the New Zealand coast, there have been several documented attacks on humans, even some on scuba divers. Perhaps the fact that the divers were hunting crayfish at the time had a bearing on the attacks. There have also been attacks on swimmers there, and cowsharks have been implicated in one fatality. Why New Zealand? No-one knows. No such records are known for the South African coast. The cowsharks at Pyramid are there year-round, and will come in close to inspect divers. Despite regular visits by divers of all levels of skill, and despite some gentle mouthing of dangling bits of gear, there has so far been no attack. No one knows why. Perhaps the South African cowsharks aren’t at Pyramid for hunting. It’s probably worth giving night diving there a skip though. Just to be on the safe side. Pa g e 1 3 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
Eyes on the Horizon Article by Dr Simon Pierce and images courtesy EOTH. Pa g e 1 4 | www.africandiver.com Contents
It is easy to forget that this situation won’t be maintained without effort. The first time I realised this was while walking along the beach not far from my house. I noticed something sticking out of a bush on the dunes. I pulled it out, and found it was a large green turtle shell, fresh meat still evident. Despite all sea turtle species being fully protected in Mozambique, this turtle had been opened up like it was a tin of sardines.
Dr Simon Pierce
When I first arrived in Tofo Beach, an idyllic little beach-side village in southern Mozambique, I was absolutely blown away by its marine life. A happy confluence of biology and oceanography concentrates all sorts of charismatic sea life off this coast, allowing me to dive with whale sharks, manta rays, sea turtles and many other species on a daily basis. Co n t e n t s
Unsurprisingly, I was upset. I was also angry. I’m a professional marine conservation biologist, yet this endangered species had been slaughtered in my backyard. I was determined to find out the scope of the problem. The next day I recruited a friend of mine with a background in turtle research to help me investigate further. We searched through the scrub for about 400 m, and found an additional 18 shells. After that we were both so depressed we had to stop for the day. Asking around, I realised that sea turtle poaching is one of the big untold stories in Mozambican marine conservation. The official record for that year listed less than 30 turtle poaching events reported nationally, which was patently ridiculous. Clearly, what was out of sight had also been out of mind.
Mozambique is well-provisioned with environmental laws, but its long, remote coast is tough to deal with for a developing country. Enforcement officials have limited resources, and they don’t have perfect knowledge of where they should be focusing their attentions. But, without enforcement, these laws appear to be regularly flouted along its long, 2700 km coastline. The government needs help to identify what issues to prioritise, and where to direct their attentions. We can help to point them in the right direction. Eyes on the Horizon is a new marine conservation movement, supported by CDM, DHL and Fujifilm, formed to expose these hidden threats. The EOTH tagline of “many eyes, one vision” refers to people-power: we’re crowdsourcing conservation. Crowdsourcing is a term that has been invented to describe the process of encouraging mass participation focused on solving a problem, or achieving a common goal. In this case, we want to protect the marine life of Mozambique. Pa g e 1 5 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m
We have some good examples of where this crowdsourcing approach has been successful. In Tofo, Eyes on the Horizon enlisted a team of volunteers from All Out Africa to monitor turtle poaching in the local area, taking photographs and GPS positions of each shell they found, and individuals and businesses asked their guards to look out for evidence of poaching. We met with officials, explained the problem, and gave them the evidence. They acted, conducting a series of public meetings with local fishers and making several arrests. Our ongoing monitoring work has shown that turtle deaths have now reduced to almost zero along ‘our’ area of coast. We want to expand these efforts along the whole coast of Mozambique. While we can’t tackle every problem at once, we can start identifying particular issues and areas where we can make a difference. We’re continuing with efforts to monitor sea turtle poaching along the coast, identifying and reporting the presence of illegal fishing vessels in our waters and working towards conserving shark populations in the country. By acting together, we can help solve these problems that can seem impossibly huge for individuals.
How EOTH uses photography for research and conservation Our research philosophy is to study our animals without disturbing their natural behaviour. Using digital photography, we can spy on the life of threatened species without intrusion. Whale sharks, manta rays, sea turtles and some shark species, such as leopard sharks, all have unique “fingerprints” of spots or scales on their bodies that enable us to follow the lives of each member of their species, allowing us to track important events such as pregnancy and birth. Through national and international collaboration we are also able to track whale sharks and manta rays on their global migrations by sharing photos with other researchers working around the world. Along with pure science, photography is also the best way for us to carry out and document our conservation work. High-quality photographs are both stunning in themselves, and can also provide evidence for our direct intervention work. For instance, our photographs of sea turtles being poached illegally has led to several arrests in Mozambique and a dramatic reduction in the numbers of sea turtles being slaughtered. We also use photography to document the presence of illegal fishers in Mozambican waters, where they target threatened shark species to export their fins with little monitoring or control. New Teltron, the agents for Fuji cameras in South Africa, recently sponsored our research efforts by donating various compact Fuji cameras and housings to bolster our photographic research efforts and studies. In the picture above, Arie van Rheede of New Teltron can be seen handing over the cameras to researcher Peter Bassett.
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Because Africa is worth it
Help us. If you see evidence of illegal or unsustainable activities taking place along the Mozambican coast, let us know at info@eoth.org You can find further information on our website, www.eoth.org If you’d like to follow our progress, and find out more about what’s happening in the marine conservation field in Mozambique, sign up to our newsletter on the website as well. We’d love to have your help in these efforts! “... our photographs of sea turtles being poached illegally has led to several arrests in Mozambique and a dramatic reduction in the numbers of sea turtles being slaughtered. We also use photography to document the presence of illegal fishers in Mozambican waters, where they target threatened shark species to export their fins with little monitoring or control.”
Remember to use the hyperlinks to follow the story further Pa g e 1 7 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
Special report from South African Shark Conservancy
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In 2009, a 4m Bull shark was captured in the Breede River estuary in the Southern Cape region of South Africa, at the time representing a new global size record for the species. The Bull shark (known locally as the
The report of Bull shark activity in
lucky to find the system was home to
Zambezi shark) is well known worldwide
the South-Western Cape was therefore
some of the largest Bull sharks ever
for swimming far up rivers, thriving
exciting news to local marine scientist,
recorded in South Africa, as well as being
in low-saline water, but until now has
Meaghen McCord of the South African
the most southerly distribution for the
only been documented several hundred
Shark Conservancy (SASC), who initiated
species in the country.�
kilometres further to the north-east.
a research project to establish the nature of the Breede River population.
Although there have been sightings of Bull sharks in the Breede River over the
In March 2011, after two years of examining the behaviour and movement
Said McCord “ this project began as an
of Bull sharks in the estuary, a large
years, some locals dispute their existence
exploratory expedition to determine what
male was captured and tagged with a
and documented evidence has been
species of sharks were using the Breede
Pop-up Archival Tag (PAT - also known
scarce.
River estuary. We were extraordinarily
as a satellite tag), to record the seasonal Pa g e 1 9 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m
Co n t e n t s
migration of the shark as it left the river before winter. The tag is firmly attached to the dorsal fin and set to release from the host after a period of time, whereafter it floats to the surface and transmits data via satellite. Up to now it has only been speculated as to where the Breede River population of Bull sharks migrate, if at all, as very little has been studied on the African populations of these sharks, other than recordings made by the Natal Sharks Board via their beach netting program along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal.
“We are slowly beginning to gain insight into how this apex predator utilises river systems” said McCord. “This is the first time the ecology and behaviour of Bull sharks has been studied in South Africa and we hope it assists with the development and implementation of management measures for this near-threatened species.”
The tagging of the shark in March of this
In May, two months after tagging the
year, made possible by a research grant
shark, the first satellite transmission was
from the Save Our Seas Foundation, was
made off the coast of Mozambique, near
very important to establish if the Breede
the island of Bazaruto. This was more
River population was endemic to the area
exciting than anyone had expected, as it
or indeed part of the larger population
revealed a journey of over 2 000km, or 36
and, therefore, global gene pool.
km per day!
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A significant discovery by any means, it gives a glimpse into the extraordinary range of these sharks and how local conservation practices can have international implications. “Despite being listed by the IUCN as near-threatened globally, there are no existing management or conservation measures for Bull sharks in SA or Mozambique “ said McCord. “We have now shown this species migrates across international borders, whereby it becomes vulnerable to a multitude of fisheries and environmental pressures”.
Map showing the distance in which the tagged shark travelled
According to McCord, it is vital to obtain temporary protection of the Bull shark in the Breede River system, until it can be studied further. “It is widely recognised that estuaries play a critical role in the life-history of this species, and we feel that affording a
“A special thanks to all who have assisted with funding and supporting this project, including: the Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (DAFF), Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), Lower Breede River Conservancy, White Shark Projects, Western Province Shore Angling Association, and our primary sponsors, the Save Our Seas Foundation,” said McCord.
degree of protection to Bull sharks in their southernmost habitat will play a vital role toward maintaining ecosystem integrity in African waters, “ she said. Pa g e 2 1 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
Creature Feature
Mola Mola Article and photographs by: Cormac McCreesh
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Conservation Status
Classification Kingdom: Animalia
Family:
Molidae
Phylum: Chordata
Genus:
Mola
Class:
Actinopterygii
Species: M. mola
Order:
Tetraodontiformes
Did you know
• The Mola mola is the heaviest known bony fish in the world • Mola mola live on a diet that consists mainly of jellyfish, but because this diet is nutritionally poor, they consume large amounts in order to develop and maintain their great bulk • Mola mola are considered a delicacy in some parts of the world, including Japan, the Korean peninsula and Taiwan • Mola mola often swim near the surface, and their protruding dorsal fins are sometimes mistaken for those of sharks
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Belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, Ocean Sunfish share many traits with
Significantly smaller than its larger and
other members of this order (puffer fish,
more well-known cousins, Ranzania
porcupine fish, file fish and trigger fish) with
never reaches more than a couple of feet
the common trait being the four fused teeth
in length. It is the most colourful and
that form the characteristic beak and give
rare of ocean sunfish and has a smooth
the order its name (tetra – four, odous – tooth, forma – shape).
More than a little weird, impressively large, surprisingly gentle and shy, the Mola mola is the heaviest bony fish in the world.
• Ranzania laevis (slender mola).
Ocean sunfish comprise three known species in the Molidae family: • Mola mola (round tailed or common
and thinner skin and sports a vertically oriented mouth. All three species are found in temperate and tropical waters around the globe. While studies have shown that Mola
sunfish)
genotypes appear to vary widely between
This is the gloriously large and weird-
Atlantic and Pacific populations, genetic
looking sunfish most commonly seen
differences between individuals in Northern
sunbathing in our oceans.
and Southern hemispheres appear to be minimal.
Struck by a boat off Sydney, New South
• Masturus lanceolatus (sharp tailed mola)
Wales, Australia in September 1908, the
Looking very much like a Mola mola but
largest ever recorded weighed in at an
with a little bit extra on the tail, Masturus
to its habit of sunbathing at the surface of
impressive 2 235 kilograms and measured
have a smoother skin, which is less
3.1 metres from snout tip to “tail” fin, and
the water, its Latin name, Mola, refers to the
covered in mucous, and are less inclined
4.26 metres from dorsal to anal fin tips.
grey colouration and rough texture of its
to sunbath. Apparently they carry a
skin as well as its rounded body … because
smaller parasitic load.
Mola is Latin for “millstone”.
However in general, Mola mola average 1 000 kilograms in weight and 1.8 metres in
While the name Sunfish probably refers
length. Pa g e 2 4 | www.africandiver.com Contents
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However, the Dutch, Portuguese, French,
Mola mola have been recorded as
water through their small mouths to tear
Catalan, Spanish, Italian & German names
swimming 26 kilometres in one day, at a top
apart soft-bodied prey. But they also have
(respectively: maanvis, peixe lua, poisson
speed of 3.2km per hour.
pharyngeal teeth located in the throat to
lune, peix lluna, pez luna, pesce luna, mondfisch,) mean moonfish in reference to its rounded shape.
It is also known in German as Schwimmender Kopf or swimming head.
grind food into smaller pieces before passing The slippery mucous skin ranges from brown to silvery grey or white and often a large variety of mottled skin patterns are seen. Mola mola exhibit an ability to vary their skin colouration especially when under attack. It seems that certain geographic areas may have discrete colour patterns – for
So, looking like a giant fish head without a
than ones off Southern California, but these
when dorsal and ventral fins are extended.
data are still preliminary.
Its distinct shape is particularly striking, in Mola mola are pelagic and swim at depths of up to 600 metres, occupying both the
called a clavus.
epipelagic and mesopelagic zones. The range of food included in their diet being the main indicator of this.
terminates in a number of rounded ossicles. Its large body is flattened laterally, while its
eating floating trash, in particular plastic bags that resemble jelly fish.
Diet preferences of Masturus lanceolatus are presumed to be similar to that of Mola
crustacean, fish and molluscs.
Females produce more eggs than any other known vertebrate and mating habits are poorly understood. It is estimated that
Their diet consists mainly of jellyfish.
pectoral fins are embarrassingly small and
However, this is a nutritionally poor diet
fan-shaped. The dorsal and anal fins are
and mola have to consume large amounts
lengthened significantly and Mola mola rely
to develop and maintain their bulk. Their
on these fins for propulsion. Surprisingly, for
diet also includes salps, squid, crustaceans,
such a large and ungainly looking fish,
small fish, fish larvae and deepwater eel
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mola are vulnerable to harm or death from
mola while Ranzania eat an assortment of
fin. Instead it has a rounded pseudo tail
The clavus contains 12 fin rays and
Like turtles (which also eat jellyfish), Mola
example the mola in Bali are typically darker
tail, Mola mola can be as tall as they are long
no small part because of the lack of a caudal
it on to the stomach.
females can produce as many as a million eggs at a time, which are released into the water and externally fertilised by sperm. A 1.4m female was estimated to be carrying 300 million eggs in her single ovary.
larvae. Sunfish can pull in and spit out Contents
Mola mola fry look like miniature puffer fish with large pectoral fins, a tail fin and body spines – quite unlike adult sunfish. As they grow however, the spines disappear, as do their tails. Young sunfish school for protection but this behaviour is abandoned as they grow.
Fully-grown Mola mola have few natural predators. But sea lions, orca and sharks will consume them. Sea lions appear to hunt sunfish for sport – tearing fins off, tossing the body around and abandoning the stillliving but helpless fish to die on the seafloor. Younger individuals are vulnerable to predation by tuna and dorado.
Little is known of predation on Ranzania however an adult female (355mm in total length) was found in the stomach of a marlin off Hawaii. Numerous Ranzania youngsters have been found in the guts of dorado. Pa g e 2 7 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
The sale of fish and fish products derived from the Molidae family is banned in the European Union. However, Mola mola is considered a delicacy in some parts of the world, including Japan, Korea, and Taiwan These striking and unusual fish are frequently (accidentally) caught in fishing nets as by-catch and this is unregulated. The impact on Mola mola population is not understood or known but it can be reliably
• Ranzania laevis (slender mola).
• Masturus lanceolatus (sharp tailed mola)
concluded that by-catch, and increasing use in human diet is having an impact on the worldwide population. Ocean sunfish, particularly Mola mola often
Hence Mola mola are most often seen or
Much remains to be learned of the three
swim near the surface and the dorsal fin can
sighted in situations where they are being
sometimes be mistaken for sharks. However
cleaned. One mola parasite is the larval
the two can be distinguished by the motion
stage of a shark tapeworm. So at some point,
of the fin – the shark’s dorsal fin remains
mola likely fall prey to a shark enabling this
stationary while it swims while the sunfish
parasite to complete its life cycle. Masturus
swings its dorsal fin in a characteristic
lanceolatus are not as heavily parasitized
the Monterey Bay Aquarium gained 364
sculling motion.
as Mola mola. And while they dive to great
kilograms in 14 months, fattened on a diet of
depths, even greater than Mola mola, they do
squid, fish and prawns. This fish had to be
not appear to engage in sunbathing to the
airlifted out by helicopter and released into
Sunfish appear to be easily susceptible to parasites. Over 40 species of parasites have
same degree. Little is known of the parasites
been recorded on the skin and internally.
of Ranzania.
species of ocean sunfish, not least their lifespan in their natural habitat. Individuals have been kept in captivity for up to 10 years. One individual kept in captivity at
the bay after out-growing its tank.
Pa g e 2 8 | www.africandiver.com Contents
The Mola mola images that accompany this article were taken in Algoa Bay, off Port Elizabeth. One operator in this area made 35 sightings of Mola mola over April and May of this year.
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Nosy Sakatia, Madagascar. Article by Paul Ben-Israel and Images by Jacques Viera Pa g e 3 0 | www.africandiver.com Contents
The secreted paradise of Sakatia Lodge, Nosy Sakatia (Orchid. Island) is the perfect setting for that special romantic getaway. Resting at the foot of the Sacred Mountain, the lodge nestles serenely on the beaches of a protected bay. The Island of Nosy Sakatia, situated on the west coast of Nosy Be, Madagascar, is a tropical heaven. Only 6km long and 2km wide, with no roads, cars or vehicles, the tranquillity and beauty of the island has been preserved. The well crafted footpaths allow one the opportunity to wander around the island and discover both its hidden treasures and rich cultural heritage. Pa g e 3 1 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
This lodge offers luxury bungalows, consisting of 26 beds, with a selection of nature or ocean bungalows. The four Ocean bungalows are larger than their Nature counterparts, offering a mesmerising view of luxuriant greenery and a breathtaking scene of the ocean, surrounded by neighbouring islands. The approach of evening changes the scenery, with purple and golden hues decorating the evening horizon. Sitting on the edge of the beach, one can easily get lost in the serene sound of the ocean beating a rhythmic tattoo against the terrace. The sweet smell of the ylang ylang flower, mystifying your senses as you unwind before the evening feast. Your hosts, Jose, Isabella and Jacques and the compliment of professional and friendly staff, ensure that all your needs are met. The dinner is an exquisite three course meal,
The first meal of the holiday consisted of
ensuring that he is able to communicate
prawn wrapped cucumber rolls, followed
with almost any guest in their native
by beef, onion and pineapple skewers, set
tongue.
on a bed of couscous. The Crème Brulee and coffee completed the delectable meal
Unless you are truly in the mood for a
individually plated and decorated to top
in preparation for a night of friendly
large breakfast, it is advisable to skip the
restaurant standards. There is no chance of
conversation, whiskey and relaxation.
offerings of eggs as the breakfast usually consists of a plate of various fruits, frozen
you having the same meal within a seven day period, with Isabella ensuring on your
Spend the night chatting to Jose and watch
yogurt and delicious and soft flavoured
arrival that the kitchen staff understand
how he effortlessly switches from English
bread. You can also grab a bowl of cereal,
your dietary requirements.
to Portuguese then into French or Italian,
coffee and fruit juice to start off your day.
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The Lodge has a fully equipped NAUI dive centre, offering numerous diving experiences, including wreck, night and Nitrox. The lodge’s diving instructors, Jose and Jacques, ensure that your diving experience are not only memorable but also educational. Their combined knowledge of the area, the marine life and plants adds to the excitement of the dive as time is spent understanding what you see. On arrival, one simply drops the equipment in the dive centre and arrives for the dive. All the equipment is setup for you prior to the dive and waiting on the boat. But don’t forget to enjoy the cool and smooth Island style welcome cocktail (also a great cocktail waiting for you after your night dive). The bath-warm waters and smooth seas provide the gateway into a magnificent underwater spectacle. The richness and diversity of the coral reefs and both large and small marine animals, makes Nosy Sakatia an exceptional diving experience. The underwater landscape is inhabited with large schools of barracuda, snappers and fusiliers and colourful coral beyond imagination. Pa g e 3 3 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
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For those inclined to photography, the reefs provide for a wealth of assorted opportunities, including sea horse, nudibranchs, arrow crabs, jellies, manta shrimps, eels, turtles and shark. Yet the highlight of the diving was undoubtedly the night wreck dive on the Mitsio Wreck. Diving down to 25m, the wreck is home to throngs of lion and devil fire fish, arrow crabs and a dazzling honeycomb moray, hiding on the starboard side. The coral growth on the wreck (sank 2008) provides a home to a plethora of species and an exceptional diving event. For those who wish to see more of Madagascar, the lodge offers other activities (or arranges them) including, island tours, quad biking, spear fishing and more. It is well worth taking the time to explore other riches the country has to offer, including going to see the mischievously cute and friendly lemurs. But don’t be surprised when these companionable little creatures jump on your shoulders in search of hand outs. Pa g e 3 6 | www.africandiver.com Contents
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Take the time to travel around the Island of Nosy Sakatia with a private guide and interact with the warm and friendly Malagasy people. Don’t miss the opportunity to buy handmade and beautify crafted table clothes, curtains or clothing. As a quiet, romantic and fun filled getaway, Sakatia Lodge is highly recommended for both divers and non-divers. To maximise your time on the Island, one should consider flying directly to Nose Be (from Johannesburg) on a Saturday and flying directly out on a Tuesday, unless one wishes to visit other parts of Madagascar. All in all it was one of the best dive holidays experienced to date.
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Let the children boogie By: Cormac McCreesh
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“I believe the children are our are future Teach them well and let them lead the way …” These are the opening lines to Michael Masser and Linda Creed’s inspirational song, the Greatest Love of All, popularized by George Benson and later, Whitney Houston. Diving with junior divers is always a special treat for me. Junior divers always seem so much more excited about the experience and bubble with enthusiasm and joy when diving. Recently I had the great fortune to dive with two junior divers under two sets of very different circumstances and their stories reminded me of my own introduction to diving and why I continue to pursue this passion of mine. I dived with Connor Campbell in the Red Sea, and Andrea van Rooyen on a baited shark dive off Rocky Bay and I couldn’t resist interviewing them to find out why and how they got into diving to see if there was a connection and shared experience to learn from. Pa g e 4 0 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
Connor is a quietly confident and polite
Ian however decided that he wanted to go
young man with large eyes and an open
along with Connor on the trip in a father-
engaging smile. About 2 years before his 12th
son bonding experience and surreptitiously
birthday, Connor’s Dad, Ian Martins, decided
signed on to do his Open Water course
to take Connor to the coast for a holiday.
in order to surprise Connor. It was while
In preparing for the trip, Connor ended up
doing the course that Ian slowly realized
at Sandton Scuba to buy a set of “goggles”
the complexities inherent in scuba diving as
for the trip where he met Jason Joannides
well as the quality of the instruction he was
which soon led to Connor asking his Dad if
receiving. From being a care-free Dad who
he could do the Junior Open Water course
happily let his son go on a course he became
offered by the Dive Centre.
a studious diver making sure he understood everything he and his son needed to know.
Dad was very supportive and Connor
Ian’s qualifying dives were made special by
was soon on his way learning under Jason,
having Connor diving with him on these
who took special care of him. The “goggles”
dives.
Connor went in to the store to buy soon
Connor Campbell Current age - 12 Birthday - 30 July
morphed into a full kit set consisting of wetsuit, mask, fins, regulator set and BCD.
Ian describes Connor’s interest in diving as being a passion and he illustrates this by pointing out that Connor struggles
Not long after Connor qualified, an
with comprehension when reading. So,
opportunity came up for him to accompany
for Connor’s training, Jason had to read
Sandton Scuba on a live aboard trip to the
out aloud all the training notes to him
Red Sea. Connor was 11 years old at the
and Connor had to take his exams orally.
time and Dad, Ian, was quite relaxed and
Ian says Connor’s theory knowledge is
confident about letting Connor go on the
“second to none” and it’s because of his
trip. He had confidence in Connor’s abilities
passion for diving and in spite of his reading
as well as the care and concern Jason had
comprehension issue.
shown for Connor. Pa g e 4 1 | www.africandiver.com Contents
Connor is a very conservative diver and Ian points out that Connor will not buddy with
Unfortunately, school and other commitments make this difficult.
him because Connor doesn’t believe Ian to be qualified enough to dive with.
It’s only natural that Connor has a passion for diving; he is passionate about nature and
Ian goes on to cite examples where Connor
inspects everything he sees in nature ... be it
decided to call off diving because he wasn’t
a spider or even a snake. He loves the marine
comfortable ... an example being where he
life and has already built up a formidable
wasn’t happy with the functioning of his
knowledge of the marine world.
regulator. So far, the only thing Connor doesn’t like Maturity above his age is also apparent. On the Red Sea trip there were dives, which
about diving is night diving. But who knows, maybe this will change.
Connor couldn’t do because of his age and
I asked Connor about his best dive so far
qualifications. This didn’t worry him at all
as well as what he finds special about diving
and he took it in his stride.
and this is what he told me:
Connor displays good routines on his
“My most special dive so far was a Cave
pre and post dive checks and uses a dive
Dive I did in Dahab, Egypt. It was special
computer when he dives. Like most junior
because I saw so many creatures and fish
divers, he hasn’t a full grasp of dive tables ...
hiding in dark places from predators. In
but then most adult divers don’t either.
some of the very dark areas of the cave, I could see some of the creatures coming out
Connor commenced with his Junior
to hunt and I was able to see so many more
Advanced Diver while he was in the Red Sea
fish species in the cave. The special thing
and completed it on his return home. While
about diving is that it’s a different world
he is not yet considering a career in diving,
under the sea and I feel so relaxed and safe.
he has ambitions to do his Junior Rescue
No one can harm you under the water. I’m
Diver, and maybe even Master Diver and
not scared of anything under the water
would love to be able to dive every weekend.
because I am in their home, and if I respect them, they will respect me.” Pa g e 4 2 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m
Co n t e n t s
Andrea is an athletic blonde with an
parents and Debbie, she flew down from her
infectious smile and open nature. Her love
home in Limpopo, unaccompanied, and was
affair with the sea began with and was
collected at the airport by Debbie.
nurtured by her parents’ annual visit to Rocky Bay on holiday.
Debbie describes Andrea as a competent, comfortable and fearless diver. For example,
Each holiday, for 6 years, Andrea joined Rob Nettleton’s Offshore Africa Dive
entry and confidently informed her buddy
Charters fun ride trips out on the ocean.
(Debbie) and swam back up, collected it and
These trips were about showing off the
dived back down to resume her dive.
marine world to holidaymakers and featured
buddy. She sticks to Debbie like a remora
made a point of explaining what he saw on
on all dives, not only the shark dives we
these trips to his passengers.
were on, and follows Debbie’s instructions
advert while on holiday and asked her parents to let her learn while on holiday. They supported her and she qualified as a junior open water diver. Her open water course and subsequent dives were on Aliwal shoal. She had 23 dives under her belt at time of my interview with all of her dives having been on the Shoal and off Rocky Bay. In December 2010, Andrea qualified as an
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Andrea is very light on air and a brilliant
whale and dolphin sightings. Rob always
2 years ago Andrea saw a “learn to dive”
Andrea van Rooyen Current age - 12 Birthday - 16 November
on one occasion Andrea lost her fin on
to the letter. She’s already doing negative entry back rolls - a requirement for diving at Aliwal and off Rocky Bay. Like Connor, Andrea uses a dive computer but is not confident in using tables only. And like Connor, Andrea appears mature and responsible … in excess of her 12 years of age. Andrea displays a passion for nature
Advanced Junior Diver with Debbie Smith of
saying she “just wants to look after nature
Diving with Sharks, and I joined her on two
and enjoy it”. She was neither nervous nor
baited shark dives in April this year. Having
scared about doing the shark dives and the
qualified in December, Andrea was keen
best thing for her on these dives was to see
to do more diving and supported by her Contents
“all the sharks in one place” - a particular highlight being taken up to the bait drum by Rob on both dives. This was not Andrea’s first encounter with sharks though. On previous dives she’d been lucky to see Ragged-Tooth sharks on Aliwal Shoal and since her first sighting of a shark she’s never been scared. According to Andrea, shark cage diving seems wrong because “the sharks seem scared and as a diver you can’t swim around with the sharks naturally”. Andrea’s next objective is to do the Junior Rescue Diver course. She has a huge passion for the sea and ultimately wants to live at the coast and travel to other dive spots around the world. Andrea loves animals – she says “animals are not like people, they may be dangerous but they’re beautiful ... and they not really that dangerous”. Andrea loves to visit the Ushaka Marine World Aquarium, and displaying knowledge of current issues facing marine conservation, she says, “over fishing and shark fining make her heart- sore”. When I pressed her on what she wanted to do with her life post school, she replied quite simply … “I just want to dive!” There is a connection between these two divers and a shared experience. Both divers share a passion for nature, and particularly the marine world. Both love animals passionately and both enjoy experiencing what nature has to offer. Pa g e 4 4 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
But also, both divers have supportive and trusting parents and both were exposed to role models early on in their introduction to diving. These role models nurtured them, invested time in making the experience meaningful, safe and enjoyable. Both Connor and Andrea are superb divers, confident, responsible and mature.
Long may this continue in Connor and Andrea’s lives. May they continue to dive and enjoy and love what they see and experience under water and my hope is that they too will become role models for other children who have a passion for nature. Pa g e 4 5 | www.africandiver.com Contents
Seems to me our abiding mission, as divers, should be to teach a child to dive, today.
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Introducing
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Allen Walker Contents
Allen Walker I got into diving many years ago on an informal basis but only really learnt that I had to go on “actual dive courses” when I met Dr. Eghardt Brand. This was real news to me, but I enrolled anyway! It is an interesting story, I met this guy (Eghardt) in a pub; we had a good chat over a few beers and the discussion came to the subject of diving. I was asked if I could dive and I said heck yeh! “Cool, meet us at Dolphin Beach tomorrow morning we are going for a dive”.
I did not realise that people would look at me rather strangely when I pitched up with a back plate, cylinder (K-Valve), regulator, zero wetsuit (Cape Town, if you catch my drift) and a pair of navy fins, (that somehow landed up in my possession) - don’t even ask what brand it was. He gave me one look and asked if I had done a open water course? When I said no, he said no diving and the next step, was pool sessions. This was in ‘97 and in ‘98 I qualified as a PADI Instructor and by the end of ‘99 I was a Staff Instructor. Go figure? So yes, diving has been part of me since then. I must say I did not like videographers and photographers; always taking their merry time, getting lost, never following the dive masters etc. I was a purist when it came to diving and training - no camera’s or video’s until 2007, and
then after 3000 or so dives a friend stuck a W7, point and shoot, in my hand and said, “go and have a fun dive and bring back some pictures”. I did exactly that and they were absolutely shocking! Blur, back scatter, flat and colourless! Thank goodness for credit cards (not that I am saying credit cards are good), I went out that same afternoon and bought my first underwater camera from Ushaka, yes a W7 and that’s where my photography journey started. It would be fair to say that since that day my approach to a lot of things changed and the challenge of mastering underwater photography became my passion. I am a driven person and I do not consider failure as an option. I think this can be seen in the progression of my photography from my first attempt to now.
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Co n t e n t s
Underwater Photography is not easy and it has a totally different set of rules; the elements that you work in are not working with you but rather against you and you need to adapt to this. This is the challenge I love and want to perfect. Heck, I do not think I will know what to do with a camera in 40+ viz, - we are not as fortunate down on the South Coast as our friends up in Sordies and Ponto. I have learnt one thing though, you have to put the hours in and be prepared to work very hard, for long hours, to get the right results. Patience is critical, having the ear to listen to all advice, the ability to apply and use the good advice, and last but not least not to ever compromise the animals and environment you are working in just for the shot.
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It has been a huge journey for me from when I started with underwater photography till now. I could most probably write a book on the do and don’ts of camera’s, housings, accessories etc. The good part though is that it helped me build relationships with all kinds of people in the industry, from sales through to pro photographers.
These people have made a huge impact on the way I photograph and the style I have adopted. As for the best dives sites, well you have to go far to beat “Shark Park” with Blue Wilderness, “Cape Town” with Animal Ocean and “Sodwana” with Amoray Diving. I love wide-angle photography and every now and then I will dabble in the fine art of macro, but not too often. This may change though watch this space. As for my enthusiasm it has been the reason why I started Dive Culture Photography and we have become the agents for Hugyfot Underwater Housings for Canon and Nikon & Green Force Lighting systems. I am also in the process of trying to promote South African Dive Sites and South African Photographers, this project will hopefully be ready for implementation on the 1st of December 2011 with some help of some really good mates (Andrew, Anthony, Hans, Geo, Graham, Mark, Gail). My bigger picture or dream: I hope to one day be able to use my photography to assist in the protection of our amazing South African & International heritage i.e. our wildlife and sea-life, especially the ones hunted for idiotic beliefs, potions, so called “tradition or culture”. The unnecessary slaughter of Whales, Sharks, Dolphins, Manta’s, Rhino’s, Lions, Cheetahs etc. etc. which will result in the extinction of entire species can no longer be condoned or accepted by humanity, neither can we idly stand by and watch. We need to use what we have to make a difference and I sometimes wish I could do more. (Trust me I am working on it)
Clear Waters, a dash of back scatter (SA Flavour) and happy clicking!! Pa g e 5 0 | w w w. a fr i c a n d i ve r. c o m Co n t e n t s
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“ Patience is critical, having the ear to listen to all advice, the ability to apply and use the good advice, and last but not least not to ever compromise the animals and environment you are working in just for the shot. �
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