My Graduation thesis book

Environmental

pre Center

Ali Faris Al-Anani / 20090221064 Arch. Sana''A M. Al-Rqaibat

Jordan University of Science and Technology / College of Architecture and Design

Table of content

1

1.1 Introduction

5-10

Introduction

1.2 Project definition

2

1.2.1 What is environmental interpretation center 1.2.2 The main units in the project 1.3 Why this project 1.4 Why this site 1.5 Goals and objectives 1.6 Significance of the project 1.7 Theme and philosophy 2.1 The site 2.1.1 vegetation and natural plants 2.2 Interpretation 2.2.1 The Interpretive Approach 2.3 Natural environment 2.4 Environmental centre 2.5 Interpretation centre 2.6 Design requirements with values of the site

Theoretical background

2.6.1 Laboratories

11-24

2.6.1.1 Water Purification Laboratory 2.6.1.2 Water planting (Aquaponic) 2.6.2 Exhibits 2.6.2.1 Sustainability exhibition 2.6.2.2 mini ecosystem museum 2.6.3 Multimedia support facility 2.5.3.1 Video library 2.6.4 Outdoor facilities 2.5.4.1 Meteorological station 2.5.4.2 Outdoor classrooms 2.5.4.3 Greenhouses 2.6.5 Scout camp 2.6.5.1 A camp experience

2.7 Sustainability ( go green )

11-24

3

2.7.1 About LEED 2.7.2 Green Credits 3.1 Mapungubwe Interpretation Center 3.1.1 why this case 3.1.2 Background Information 3.1.3Terrain / Context 3.1.4 Functions 3.1.5 Organization / Flow 3.1.6 Forms: 3.1.7 Circulation 3.1.8 Passive Systems 3.1.9 Ventilation 3.1.10 Materials / Construction 3.1.11 The Experience 3.1.12 General Conclusion 3.2 Vasquez Rocks Interpretive Center 3.2.1 why this case 3.2.2 Program 3.2.3 The concept 3.2.4 Sustainable treatment parts 3.3 Camp JRF Eco-Village 3.3.1 why this case 3.3.2 Zones and daily program

Case studies

3.3.3 The trees adventure

25-64

3.3.4 Conclusion 3.4 Kemenes Volcanopark Visitor Center 3.4.1 Conclusion 3.5 MZ architects contemplative meditation house 3.5.1 Why the case 3.5.2 The concept 3.5.3 Site treatment

Table of content

3.5.4 Conclusion

3

3.6 SACRED MUSEUM & PLAZA 3.6.1 Why this case 3.6.2 The site 3.6.3 The building

Case studies

3.6.4 The view

25-64

3.6.5 Conclusion 3.7 Solar Park South 3.7.1 Why this case 3.8 Office+Showroom for DK

Megabudka

3.8.1 Why this case 3.8.2 Concept 3.9 The Cullen 3.9.1 Why this case 4.1 Project organization

4

4.1.1 Project occupants 4.1.2 Organizational structure 4.2 Administration 4.2.1 Interactive offices and administration zone 4.2.2 Spaces requirement 4.3 Laboratories 4.3.1 Main parts of laboratories 4.3.2 Spaces requirements 4.4 EXHIBITS 4.4.1 Spaces requirements 4.5 Multimedia support facility

Program

4.5.1 Spaces requirements

65-84

4.6 Scout camp 4.6.1 Spaces requirements 4.7 Outdoor facilities 4.7.1 Spaces requirements 4.8 Overall program and relationships

4.9 Overall spaces requirement 5.1 Definition of the region

5

5.1.2 Approach 5.2 Accessibility 5.3 Topography and physical properties 5.3.1 Environmental conditions

Site analysis

5.3.2 Ground layers

85-106

5.3.3 Site structure conclusion 5.4 Wind 5.5 Sun 5.5.1 Sun effect conclusion 5.6 Vegetation 5.6.1 Pine Forest Habitat 5.7 Views 5.7.1 Skyline 6.1 Introduction

6 Concept

6.2 Concept development

107-136

References

Chapter 1

Intro

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Project definition 1.2.1 What is environmental interpretation centre 1.2.2 The main units in the project 1.3 Why this project 1.4 Why this site 1.5 Goals and objectives 1.6 Significance of the project 1.7 Theme and philosophy

oduction

Chapter 1 winter rains. When there is a warm, dry winter–as in 1984–many flowers either fail to appear or are considerably reduced.

Introduction 1.1

Jordan boasts a wide variety of flowering wild flowers, but the most famous is the national flower -the black iris. Fields of this flower, which is not found in Europe, can be seen in masses near the town of Madaba.

figure 1.2

Throughout history, the land of Jordan has been renowned for its luxurious vegetation and wildlife. Ancient mosaics and stone engravings in Jawa and Wadi Qatif show pictures of oryx, Capra ibex and oxen. Known in the Bible as the “land of milk and honey,” the area was described by more recent historians and travelers as green and rich in wildlife. During the 20th century, however, the health of Jordan’s natural habitat has declined significantly.

Problems such as desertification, drought and overhunting have damaged the natural landscape and will take many years to rectify.

Jordan’s absorption of hundreds of thousands of people since 1948 has resulted in the overexploitation of many of its natural resources, and the country’s severe shortage of water has led to the draining of underwater aquifers and damage to the Azraq Oasis.

Spring is the high season for Jordanian flora, and from February to May many regions are carpeted with a dazzling array of flowering plants.

More than 2000 species of plants grow in Jordan, and the variety of the country’s topography and climate is reflected in the diversity of its flora. Most of these species, however, depend heavily on the 7

figure 1.3

figure 1.1

The highlands of Jordan host forests of oak and pine, as well as pistachio and cinnabar trees. Olive, eucalyptus and cedar trees thrive throughout the highlands and the Jordan Valley. Jordan’s dry climate is especially conducive to shrub trees, which require less water. Species of shrubs can be found throughout all the geographical regions of Jordan.

Jordan also possesses a large and varied assortment of birdlife. This can be traced, once again, to the variety of habitats found within the country– from mountains forests to desert oases, from high cliffs to sweeping deserts, and from deep gorges to broadwadis. Two distinct types of avifauna can

Introduction be found in Jordan: those species which stay year round, and migratory visitors.

1.2 Project definition 1.2.1 What is environmental interpretation center? figure 1.4

It is a combination of scientific, cultural, practical education facilities, and Entertainment units. It's an institution that improves and enriches the visitors experience by helping them to understand the environmental significance of the place they are visiting, and connecting those meanings to visitors' own personal lives, By weaving compelling, thematic stories about environmental phenomena and natural history of the place, to make them respect and enhance their responsibility about it.

In recent decades, Jordan has addressed these and other threats to the environment, beginning the process of reversing environmental decline.

A true foundation of environmental protection requires awareness upon the part of the population, and a number of governmental and nongovernmental organizations are actively involved in educating the populace about environmental issues.

Jordan’s Ministry of Education is also introducing new literature into the government schools’ curriculum to promote awareness of environmental issues among the young students.

The project takes Natural environment and its significant importance as the biggest part to concern about. Which contain the care about plants, animals and water creatures.

figure 1.5

The National Strategy presents specific recommendations for Jordan on a sectoral basis, addressing the areas of agriculture, air pollution, coastal and marine life, antiquities and cultural resources, mineral resources, wildlife and habitat preservation, population and settlement patterns, and water resources. The plan places considerable emphasis throughout on the conservation of water and agriculturally productive land, of which the contamination or loss of either would bring swift and signifi- 1.2.2 The main units in the project are: cant consequences to Jordan.

• Scientific units will contain Water studies Laboratory, Meteorological station, germination LaboraFortunately, Jordanians have taken great strides tory (vegetarian arboretum) Greenhouse garden, in recent years toward stopping and reversing the energy reproduction laboratory and chemistry decline of their beautiful natural heritage. Even laboratory. now, the Kingdom retains a rich diversity of animal • Cultural unit will contain exhibition rooms (conand plant life that varies between the Jordan Valley, nected to scientific labs) video library (auditorium), the Mountain Heights Plateau and the Badia Desert environmental museum and a library. region, threw the appropriate strategies to defend • Practical education facilities will contain workthe natural environment and wildlife. shops, planting area, animals health care unit and clinic hall.

From these strategic initiatives, the idea of estab• Entertainment will contain campaign units, café lishing Environmental interpretation centre is the and restaurant. most fit idea.

8

Chapter 1 • Administration will contain administration offices and visitors reception center.

• Services will distribute at the projects parts that will contain w.cs, storages, parking , circulation units and labor camp rooms ( guards and night shifts workers).

a. lack of awareness about the natural life and the wrong use of agricultural production. b. people usually go to unsuitable areas around for journeys to dangerous areas.

Most visitors and residents have a a negative impression about the King Talal Dam area, as an affected area not suitable for agriculture and visit, but on the contrary, it is an area with stunning views and rare plants and fresh air need some special care. Mainly to increase the awareness of visitors and residents of the region towards the natural • The need for scientific field research for different kinds of organisms, methods of growth, development and production. and use them without harming nature.

• the Need to provide a recreational areas for residents and tourists.

• Put an end to abuses against animals, plants and aquatic environment • change the misconceptions that spread in the local community and the tourist about natural locations and that need attention and to take care of.

Why this site 1.4 1. Very high biodiversity and environmental system that offers the best location for environmental centre.

2. the outstanding views and nature around, and also the agriculture movement near to the site.

3. In the other hand the weaknesses and issues in the site increase the opportunity to establish this project and that problem can characterize in: 9

figure 1.7

Why this project

figure 1.6

1.3

Goals and objectives

1.5

1. The main goal of the project is to raise the awareness about natural life in the site area and to create integrated relationship between everyday life and wildlife in Jordan, to achieve this goal the following objective that characterize in.

2. to give identity to the region in particular and Jordan in general in terms of presenting wildlife protection and interpretation of it.

3. to benefit the locals in the area by teaching them the particular ways for agricultural ways and attraction of entertainment events.

4. to secure and protecting the natural rare creatures around the site and raise awareness about former organisms there.

Introduction

Significance of the project 1.6

rally in its environment.

“ simple and direct but strong and iconic”.

For the harmonious integration of the building with the place, there was the study of solar and wind direction, vegetation, slopes, access, views and other features in order to achieve that this integration is positive with the natural environment but do not dominate.

1. the project plays an important and effective role in terms of raising awareness about environmental systems and wildlife and also the protection and conservation of natural resources.

“Strong and iconic but harmonic and integrated”

2. the project is the first of its kind in Jordan that cares about natural wildlife and teaching people about their responsibilities about environment.

5. the Environmental Interpretation Centre plays an important role in the Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan prepared by Jordan's Ministry of Environment.

1.7

figure 1.8

3. The project is a key destination for various segments of society that are looking for education, camping, recreation and concern for the environment.

4. the project could have a spiritual part that concerned about human connectivity to environment around.

Theme and philosophy

The design is considered in its entirety, which involves the integration site, the link with nature and the interplay between interior and exterior spaces.

There is a philosophical harmony and continuity between the interior, exterior and landscaping.

Together and complement the building and land interact as in a dialogue, like a rock that fits natu-

figure 1.9

This project have a unique privacy needs, it contain more than the human dimension and his entertainment needs, as it's known architectural design is basically a place where human lives, but what needed is to add another dimension; that the project is the house of nature, which have to solve all needs of that specific nature or environment, by interpretation for people and involve them to find the best solutions for specific problem.

Sustainable living is a lifestyle choice where people attempt to decrease their use of the Earth’s non-renewable resources.

It's about little things like eating locally grown fresh produce instead of canned or frozen imports, buying fewer consumer items, choosing natural materials instead of concrete and plastic, putting your vegetable scraps in a composter...

And bigger things, like switching to solar energy, keeping cool with tree shade and awnings instead of air conditioners, and investing in a hybrid car (if you even need one).

The idea is to live in harmony with the Earth, in natural beauty and balance, respectful of our symbiotic relationship with the cycles of nature.

10

Chapter 2

Theoretical

2.1 The site 2.1.1 vegetation and natural plants 2.2 Interpretation 2.2.1 The Interpretive Approach 2.3 Natural environment 2.4 Environmental centre 2.5 Interpretation centre 2.6 Design requirements with the values of the site 2.6.1 Laboratories 2.6.1.1 Water Purification Laboratory 2.6.1.2 Water planting Laboratory(Aquaponic) 2.6.2 Exhibits 2.6.2.1 Sustainability exhibition 2.6.2.2 Aquarium and mini ecosystem museum 2.6.3 Multimedia support facility 2.5.3.1 Video library 2.6.4 Outdoor facilities 2.5.4.1 Meteorological station 2.5.4.2 Outdoor classrooms 2.5.4.3 Greenhouses 2.6.5 Scout camp 2.6.5.1 A camp experience 2.7 Sustainability ( go green ) 2.7.1 About LEED 2.7.2 Green Credits

background

Chapter 2 mouk River, Zarqa River, Wadi Shu’aib, Wadi Mujib and Wadi Al Hasa.

• Evergreen Oak Forest: Grows at above 700 m asl, found in Ajloun, Jarash, Salt, Tafila, and between Shawbak and Petra.

• Mediterranean Non-Forest Vegetation: Composed of shrubs, following degradation of a forest.

2.1

2.1.1 vegetation and natural plants In 1985, 3 vegetation types were identified in Jordan by Professor Dawud Al-Eisawi: every possible vegetation type is mentioned below: • Aleppo Pine Vegetation: Found in forests at high altitudes, starting at 700 m above sea level. Examples are found in Jerash, Dibeen, Ajloun and Zai. • Deciduous Oak Forest: Grows at lower altitudes than most of Jordan’s forests, in Um Qais, Yarmouk River, Ajloun and near King Talal dam.

• Tropical Vegetation: Resembles Sudanian vegetation and dominant near the Dead Sea, although most areas representing this vegetation have been turned into farms, except in Ghor Fifa.

• Water Vegetation: Found in wadis and around springs and watercourses, in locations such as Yar13

King Talal Dam Suffers of neglectance and lack of care, that the source of its water is from (Zarqa river) which have polluted by industrial pollutants, making the region suffer from pollution that affects aquatic organisms and plants around. in the other hand, there is a chance to help this environment that it is not affected to risky step. from this way, there have to be awareness threw interpretation activities, try to make sustainability as a lifestyle all these goals and issues can be solved by creating a perfect project in the perfect site which is Environmental Interpretation Center.

figure 2.3

figure 2.1

Tell Ar-Rumman, Al Balqa Governorate, north of Amman, overlooking King Talal Dam. and has more than 300 m of elevation change within its boundaries.

Due to a variety of soil types and microclimates at the site, a high percentage of the plant species that grow naturally throughout Jordan can be hosted at the site.

It is clear that the region has a mild atmosphere, and the average rate of precipitation makes it a natural area is eligible to be a site that specializes in the design of the project of the natural environment and awareness for it.

figure 2.2

The site

Theoretical Background fort to follow, they probably won't pay attention.

2.2 What is Interpretation

figure 2.4

figure 2.5

Interpretation is simply an approach to communication. Most people think of it as the process through which a person translates one language into another, for example Spanish to English or English to Spanish. At its most basic level, that's exactly what interpretation is, translating. Environmental interpretation involves translating the technical language of a natural science or related field into terms and ideas that people who aren't scientists can readily understand. And it involves doing it in a way that's entertaining and interesting to these people.

The first author to define interpretation formally was Freeman Tilden (1957). he was a playwright and philosopher. his view of interpretation which he defined as, "An educational activity which aims to reveal meanings and relationships through the use of original objects, by firsthand experience, and by illustrative media, rather than simply to communicate factual information."

Target community component of the interpretation process is Noncaptive Audiences, because they don't have to worry about grades. If they decide to stay and pay attention, it will be only because they want to. If the presentation isn't interesting, if it seems too academic, or if it requires too much ef-

Figure 3.2 lists the key differences between captive and noncaptive audiences. Although the most common captive audience is the student in a classroom, there are many kinds of noncaptive audiences: visitors in forests, parks, zoos, museums, botanical gardens, etc., participants in extension programs and people who read magazines and newspaper.

14

Chapter 2

15

Theoretical Background 2.2.1

Quality 3: Interpretation Is Organized.

That is, it is presented in a way that is easy to follow. Another way of stating this idea is that interpretation, at its best, does not require a lot of effort from the audience. Noncaptive audiences will switch attention if they have to work too hard to follow a train of thought. In advertising, this relationship is well known. Mass media experts have even developed a formula to express it:

The Interpretive Approach: the interpretative approach have four main qualities: 1. Interpretation is pleasurable.

2. Interpretation is relevant.

3. Interpretation is organized.

4. Interpretation has a theme.

Quality 1: Interpretation is pleasurable.

Interpretation is entertaining. Although entertainment isn't interpretation's main goal, it's one of its essential qualities. All good communication is entertaining in the sense that it holds its audience's attention. if noncaptive audiences aren't entertained, they're likely to switch their attention to something more interesting.

figure 2.6

The formula, developed in 1971 by Wilbur Schramm, says that audiences that don't have to pay attention, won't, if they have to work too hard. As the amount of work they have to do increases, the likelihood that they'll continue to pay attention decreases. Put another way, the best interpretation is highly entertaining and easy to follow.

figure 2.8

Quality 2: Interpretation Is Relevant.

Information that's relevant to us really has two qualities: it's meaningful and it's personal. Although related, being meaningful and being personal are different things.

figure 2.7

Quality 4: Interpretation has a Theme.

Interpretation is thematic if it has a major point.

As we'll discuss in Chapter 2, a theme is not the same as a topic, even though the two words are often used interchangeably in English and Spanish. Virtually any presentation of ideas can (and should) have both a topic and a theme. Their major difference is that the topic is merely the subject matter of the presentation, whereas the theme is the main point or message a communicator is trying" to convey about that topic.

figure 2.9

As we'll see, information that's meaningful isn't necessarily personal. When succeed in giving interpretation both of these qualities, we've made it relevant to our audiences.

16

Chapter 2 the sources of living, in the absence of knowledge of citizens and civil society organizations for Environmental Rights , and how to defend it , with the absence of a correct understanding that the environment is primarily in natural resources and how to manage them , and as a result of these risks and threats. Environmental centers was set up.

What is natural environment?

2.3 The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species.

The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished by components: 1. Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries. In this part of the natural environment. The project is expected to focus on mini natural environment bother to explain water cycle, plants and other living organisms and their relationship to each other.

2. Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism, not originating from human activity.

Shorten its goals in helping citizens to understand their environmental , especially their right to access to resources and participation in the management of and access to information on the status of these resources on a regular basis and upon request, while strengthening their role in the activation and development of environmental legislation and the right to live in a safe and clean environment .

figure 2.10

Interpretation center

a place of interest, such as a country park, historical site, etc.) a building or group of buildings that provides interpretation of the place of interest through a variety of media, such as video displays and exhibitions of material, and, often, includes facilities such as refreshment rooms and gift shops Also called visitor centre.

17

figure 2.11

What is 2.4 environmental center?

Due to environmental hazards which have increased in recent years, and became life-threatening on citizen and their health, as well as threaten

2.5

What is environmental interpretation center as mentioned before, environmental interpretation centre is an institution that improves and enriches the visitors experience by helping them to understand the environmental significance of the place they are visiting, and connecting those meanings to visitors' own personal lives, By weaving compelling, thematic stories about environmental phenomena and natural history of the place, to make them respect and enhance their responsibility about it. distributed into three basic categories as shown previously, the interactive exhibits and laboratories (Scientific part).

figure 2.14

2.6 Design requirements with the values of the site

every visitors have a part where they can do the experiment by them self. and a part where the interpreter explain phenomena related to water where they can not try it manually.

2.6.1 Laboratories 2.6.1.1 Water Purification is an interactive laboratory discusses how to purify water to be appropriate for agriculture use, this lab needs interpreter, workers and water purification facility that every station is clear and viewable to visitors.

figure 2.12

2.6.1.2 Water planting (Aquaponic) Aquaculture is the symbiotic cultivation of plants and aquatic animals in a re-circulating system. Growing Power uses Tilapia and Yellow Perch to fertilize a variety of crops and herbs using aquaponics.

water laboratory has a closed work station that is private (no visitors allowed to enter it) for preparing experiments.

figure 2.16

2.5.1

figure 2.13

Theoretical Background

18

Chapter 2

figure 2.19

1. Fish such as Tilapia and Yellow Perch are raised in a large tank of water. Growing Power uses Tilapia and Yellow Perch in the aquaponics systems because they are relatively easy to raise and because it can be marketed to restaurants, market basket customers, and they are a favorite in fish markets.

figure 2.17

crops raised from specialty salad greens to tomatoes. The water is wicked up to the crops roots with the help of coir, a by-product of coconut shells and a sustainable replacement for peat moss.

4.Finally, the water flows from the growing beds back into the tank of fish. Growing Power uses this type of aquaponics system because it is easy to build and only needs a small pump and heat to get the system running.

2. By using gravity as a transport, water is drained from the fish tank into a gravel bed. Here, beneficial bacteria break down the toxic ammonia in fish waste to Nitrite and then to Nitrogen, a key nutrient for plant development. On the gravel bed, it is also used watercress as a secondary means of water filtration.

figure 2.20

figure 2.18

Recommended fish types: 1. Yellow Perch Yellow Perch is a species of perch. They prefer cooler water which makes them ideal to raise in the hoop houses at Growing Power. These fullbodied fish are a favorite with chefs due to their white, flaky, delicious meat. Yellow Perch are also in short supply.

2. Tilapia Tilapia is a perfect fish for aquaponics because of its rapid growth, large size, and because it tastes great.

This hardy fish can adapt to most any condition with the exception of water temperature.

19

figure 2.21

3. The filtered water is pumped from the gravel bed to the growing beds, where a variety of

Theoretical Background 2.6.2 Exhibits

2.6.2.2 mini ecosystem museum

2.6.2.1 Sustainability exhibition The exhibition experience Visitors to this colorful and engaging exhibit are asked to get Clever Together with their family and friends, to find small changes that make a big difference in the region’s economic, environmental, and social sustainability.

From accurately sorting trash and preventing food waste at home, to exploring Tall Al-rumman area destinations via “human power” transportation, visitors will leave this exhibit with skills and knowledge that they can take home and apply to their daily lives.

The exhibit has 15 species of live ground animals -- from the long-nosed horned frog to the vividlycolorful poisonous dart slug, including rock ledges, live plants waterfalls and a pond. It aims to teach guests about the amphibians' biology and evolution, the role they play in the ecosystem and the peril they face in a changing environment.

Educational goals Clever Together offers visitors a framework for thinking about sustainability in a holistic way and for assessing options for shopping, getting around town, and using energy at home.

The overall “big idea” for the exhibition is: We can cultivate a more sustainable community by building skills and making decisions that maximize positive impacts.

figure 2.22

In the exhibition, visitors will • Explore everyday activities through the “three pillars” of sustainability by weighing social, environmental, and economic considerations.

• Practice skills that can lead to more sustainable decision making, including accurately sorting trash, saving energy at home, biking, walking, and getting on a bus.

figure 2.23

'Trees' Show an Exhibition featuring small trees, photographs, paintings, videos and presentations increase the awareness of the visitors about the trees in the area which is done by Scouts throughout the year in the Scout Camp as an educational duty and these students will be interpreters of the visitors at different times of the year.

figure 2.22

2.6.3 Multimedia support

2.6.3.1 Video library The Video library allows visitors to play and display video files, So as to allow each visitor individually to watch video of his choice, within the hall can accommodate up to 50 people, Which are produced to suit all ages and tastes 20

Chapter 2 2.6.4.2 Outdoor classrooms Outdoor Classrooms aims to get students visitor and teachers outdoors into nature to learn and to care for their local environment.

figure 2.26

figure 2.24

including several most important sustainability topics and organisms present in the area of Tel al Rumman and movies and documentaries about the events set up in the project in addition to specialized awareness messages for the natural environment there.

Students build a stronger sense of place by learning about and within their local places. This sense of place reflects a better understanding and appreciation of their local plants, animals, landscapes and ecosystems. And this provides them with a path of learning for becoming active citizens and stewards of the environment and the places where they live. these classrooms contains: amphitheatres, planting workshops, Recycling workshops and animal care classes.

Visitors have access to this room before reaching other parts of the project, until they have made up a clear picture of what they would do in this institution.

2.6.4 Outdoor facilities

2.6.4.1 Meteorological station This laboratory occupies a small part of the project, which supports the other competent laboratories in agriculture and environmental Systems, where employees observed climate changes at various times of the year.

This space needs to be separated from the rest of the project, or at least closed from the public, and an exposed of all weather conditions without any obstacles to give the correct results.

21

figure 2.27

figure 2.25

2.6.4.3 Greenhouses correctional institutions have discovered the value of greenhouses for education and interpretation process.

As mentioned earlier about the importance of outdoor classes, the Greenhouse have a great importance in raising sense of place and reflecting a better understanding and appreciation of their local plants. it differs from visitors or scouting skills.

Where there are events that match the simpleskilled visitors to experts in the field of agriculture, either the targeted group in this part are farmers in the surrounding areas and scouts in the other part of the project. there are different kinds of Greenhouse in terms of shape, size and cultivated plants, and this is an example of on Greenhouse.

Theoretical Background there are some plants that do not need special aware like other in greenhouse, that simply put in outdoor garden area.

become a performance indicator of green building design.

2.6.5 Scout camp

Scouts is a volunteer educational youth movement is a global political, aimed at the development of young people physically and culturally. Founded and put bases Lord Baden-Powell in 1907.

figure 2.29

2.6.5.1 A camp experience: • Enhances teamwork and social skills through community living and group play • Develops skills, knowledge and self-confidence through exciting, challenging and fun activities • Strengthens self-reliance and independent living skills by being away from home • Provides scouts with exciting and enriching opportunities for personal growth.

figure 2.28

sustainability, as well as become a performance indicator of green building design. In the building industry, LEED is the most popular guide used for the green building in the world. As a sustainability metric and a green building guide, the effectiveness of LEED raises pros and cons among the architects and building experts.

sustainability Green building recently becomes a main focus in architecture design 2.7.1 About LEED

Green building recently becomes a main focus in architecture design in the world since the increased awareness about the global warming and its effects. As one of the main stakeholders in energy use and carbon dioxide emitter, buildings will be able to contribute significantly to reduce the impact of global warming. In order to achieve the objective, quantified standards and sustainability metrics are required to measure sustainability, as well as

figure 2.30

2.5

From data and LEED NC reference guide, it could be concluded that the main problem of the LEED is checklist system. Checklist system is certainly easy, simple and very useful, however to make each credit has equal value or weight will be very difficult. The result of the survey shows the tendency of the projects to choose less cost and easy credit or the red credits.

22

Chapter 2

figure 2.31

• Energy and Atmosphere: – Optimize Energy Performance – On-Site Renewable Energy – Enhance Commissioning – Enhance Refrigerant Management – Measurement and Verification • Material and Resources – Rapidly Renewable Materials – Certified Wood • Indoor Environmental Quality – Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring – Increased Ventilation – Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control – Controllability of Systems, Lighting – Controllability of Systems, Thermal Comfort – Thermal Comfort, Design – Thermal Comfort, Verification – Daylight and Views, Daylight 75% spaces

From data and LEED NC reference guide, the credits are categorized into three categories: • Green credits = credits that have significant impact in sustainable design and high performance building; and difficult to achieve.

• Red credits = credits that have least significant impact in sustainable design and high performance building; and easy to achieve.

2.7.2 Green Credits: After browsing credits of LEED

the most fit credit is the Green;

Green Credits: • Sustainable sites: – Brownfield Redevelopment – Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat – Stormwater Design: Quantity Control – Stormwater Design: Quality Control – Heat Island Effect - Roof • Water Efficiency – Innovative Wastewater Technologies – Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction – Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction 23

figure 2.32

• White credits = credits that have less significant impact in sustainable design and high performance building ;and less difficult to achieve.

Theoretical Background

24

Chapter 3

Case

3.1 Mapungubwe Interpretation Center 3.2 Vasquez Rocks Interpretive Center 3.3 Camp JRF Eco-Village 3.4 Kemenes Volcanopark Visitor Center 3.5 MZ architects contemplative meditation house 3.6 SACRED MUSEUM & PLAZA 3.7 Solar Park South 3.8 Office+Showroom for DK.Megabudka 3.9 The Cullen

Studies

Chapter 3

3.1

A Typological Case Study 27

Location: Limpopo, South Africa Architect: Peter Rich Architects

figure 3.1

Mapungubwe Interpretation Center

Case Studies

Why this case 3.1.2 Background Information The importance of this project is complex and 16,000 sf visitor’s center diverse. At its core are two sets of relationships: that Located in Mapungubwe National Park, Limpopo, between people and the environment and that of South Africa people with one another. The Mapungubwe NaDesigned by Peter Rich Architects (South Africa) tional Park Interpretive Centre tells the story of its On the border of Zimbabwe and Botswana with World Heritage-listed Cultural Landscape while vantage points into both landscapes achieving economy of means, social improvement Historically complex region of an ancient civilizaand low environmental impact. tion, first class-based social system in southern Africa Still has land claims by 17 different communities Awards: Holcim Award for Sustainable Construction, 2008 World Building of the Year by WAF, 2009 What was Peter Rich trying to achieve here?

- Preserve and promote an ancient heritage - Create spaces deeply rooted in the physical and cultural setting - Support the local ecology - Create a place of respect and celebration figure 3.2

3.1.1

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Chapter 3

figure 3.3

3.1.3 Terrain / Context

- Site slopes steeply from mesa - Home to immensely rich flora and fauna - Economically poor local population

figure 3.4

Site Conditions: - arid - intense sun - breezy winds

figure 3.5

Peter Rich used the site as both the inspiration for design and the source of materials

Program: - spaces to tell local stories - spaces to house artifacts - tourist facilities - parks offices What they need: - open, accessible spaces - secure spaces protected from the elements - spaces that speak of the history and setting 29

figure 3.6

3.1.4 Functions

Case Studies 3.1.5 Organization / Flow Geometrical system references triangle inscriptions from ancient dwellings

figure 3.7

Equilateral triangle sets the primary ordering, set in accordance to contours

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Chapter 3

figure 3.9 figure 3.10

figure 3.8

3.1.6 Forms: Visual dominance is by two large, hollow cairns - emulate trading route markers used by ancient tribes

3.1.7 Circulation

figure 3.11

Ramped walkways zigzag through the complex, creating a formal counterpoint to the large masses.

Ramps, stairs, interior circulation, exterior circulation, elevated views

Routes provided multiple, engaging experiences, speaks on the many tribes of the area 31

figure 3.13

figure 3.12

Case Studies

figure 3.14

Conclusion: Peter Rich is creating culturally deep significance in forms, spaces and experiences, using traditional form and functional requirements

32

Chapter 3 3.1.8 Passive Systems

figure 3.15

figure 3.16

Light: Ample natural light brought in through windows and skylights, intensity is “tempered by rusted steel screens that echo the branches of indigenous trees”

Electric lighting used to supplement Timber ‘kgotlas’ represent traditional shade structures 21

figure 3.17

Reflecting ponds bounce sunlight up into vaults, giving diffused and dramatic light.

figure 3.18

Case Studies

3.1.9 Ventilation Reflecting ponds placed around perimeter cool the air that naturally passes through the structures

Other systems include cast concrete and timber framing

figure 3.20

figure 3.19

Structure Main structural system is timbrel vaulting, a system of cross-layering bricks for structural support - incredibly thin and efficient - no steel reinforcement required - “tiles as a substitute for steel�

Forms local to the area but structure is European No double-roof

22

figure 3.21

Chapter 3

23

Case Studies

Exterior: Surfaces layered with local rubble stone, creates timeless quality Forms feel as if they geologically erupted from the ground as the rest of the site has Local timber used for shading structures (kgotlas)

figure 3.23

figure 3.26

figure 3.22

figure 3.25

Local unskilled labor used as part of a poverty relief program Addresses ‘vulnerability’ of local economy Low economical and environmental impact Interior: Local laborers produced 200,000 tiles from local pressed-soil cement tiles Manual brick-pressing machine Rusted steel window screens mimic natural branch patterns Spaces express raw materials, hand-made aesthetic.

figure 3.24

3.1.10 Materials / Construction

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Chapter 3

figure 3.27

conclusion: Peter Rich has created a place “rooted� in its setting, by making the users build their place, and using traditional structure system.

3.1.11 The Experience

figure 3.28

Entry: From a distance the space ties to the land and evokes an ancient structure weathered by time and the elements

figure 3.29

Main entrance into grand hollow cairn, lit by on oculus that tracks the path of the sun

25

Case Studies

figure 3.31

figure 3.30

Passage: Cavernous, solid spaces linked by delicate, intricate walkways

figure 3.32

figure 3.31

Multiple routes of passage allow free-flow between interior / exterior and high elevation / low elevation

26

Chapter 3 Texture: Exposure of raw, local materials gives hand-made, weathered texture

figure 3.33

Light: Light is diffused from natural elements and dappled into the spaces, constantly changing throughout the day

figure 3.35

Shadows catch and spill over intricacies of natural textures

27

figure 3.36

figure 3.34

Light and shadow are given a canvas

Case Studies Environment: 3.1.12 General Conclusion Dramatic juxtaposition of materials and forms Key points / what we can use: create natural environment of valleys, caves, ponds - built environment “deeply rooted” to its time and and crevices place through form, material and construction - reverence paid to the history and culture - address “vulnerable” local ecology and economy - construction techniques designed for application by local, unskilled labor - use of natural elements (light, sun, water, earth) form the basis of experience

figure 3.37

- natural construction materials activate texture, light and shadow

figure 3.39

figure 3.38

“A multiplicity of experiences”

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Chapter 3

3.2

figure 3.41

figure 3.40

Vasquez Rocks Interpretive Center

sustainability treatment case study 29

Location: Los Angeles County Parks system. USA Architect: Brooks + Scarpa architects

figure 3.42

Case Studies

Why this case: the Vasquez Rocks Nature and Interpretive Center is a vital gateway to a unique asset in the Los Angeles County Parks system. The high-desert site is one of the most significant natural areas in the region, As much as the shape is intended to communicate drama and intrigue, it is also a pragmatic resolution

of site conditions that optimizes building performance and minimizes the need for energy consumption. because of that, zooming on sustainable treatment in such a hot arid area, similar to the project climate and it is also an interpretative center.

figure 3.43

3.2.1

30

Chapter 3 Program

figure 3.44

3.2.2

31

Case Studies

32

Chapter 3

figure 3.45

3.2.2 The Concept

33

figure 3.46

Case Studies

3.2.2 Sustainable treatment parts

sheltering the interior from solar rays. The orientation of the building protects occupants from the scorching summer sun and admits the low winter sun; it is also oriented to capture prevailing breezes, cooling the building as wind passes over it.

figure 3.47

solar treatments: The angled roofs not only generate visual interest; they channel water into a storage tank. The overhang along the northeast and southwest edges frames the view of the surrounding landscape while

34

Chapter 3

Solar insolation for this location is shown on the world map and the monthly graph. The total solar energy in hours, received each day, during the worst lowest-insolated month of the year is approximately 5 hours per day. For the specific location of Vasquez Rocks, the sun will provide about 6 kWhr/ sq meter/day of energy from the sun. The adjacent graph is a breakdown of energy per month in kWhr per square meter. The photovoltaic solar panel array above water tank will be designed to provide approximately 3kW of electrical generation, or 13% of total building load.

35

Case Studies

36

Chapter 3

3.3 Camp JRF Eco-Village

The Camp JRF Eco-Village is situated in the Pocono Mountains just up a hill from the existing Jewish 37

Reconstructionist summer camp. The new village will be for older adolescent girl and boy campers and be composed of yurt cabins and sheltered by colorful canopies

Case Studies 3.3.1 Why this case

the camps Is considered of the most important educational institutions in the modern era has been chosen this case: • Similarities in function between the project and this project. • function and program are friendly to the natural environment. • the spatial experience at location and the similar characteristics to the project site

The yurts will sit upon platforms, adjacent to a program building for gatherings, bathhouses, and an earthen berm for stargazing. Metcalfe Architecture & Design has been working closely with Camp JRF to provide a design that is focused on creating social spaces for campers and staff to meet and enjoy their lives together at summer camp. it has also a special function throw the nature and trees called the trees adventure

38

Chapter 3 3.3.2

Zones and daily program The program building and the bathhouses are located around an existing meadow on a wooded hillside. The open-air program building will be dug into a hill backing onto an earthen berm that campers requested for star gazing and will also provide entry to the building’s upper level.

The project features many sustainable design components including locally harvested, naturally rotresistant Black Locust lumber used throughout in the region’s coal mines; stained glass-like walls of beer bottles recycled from local taverns and embedded in “cob” walls (cob is a natural building technique using clay and straw); solar hot water and photo-voltaic panels, dual flush toilets and waterless urinals; high ash content concrete foundations; stone walls made of stone found on the site; bathhouse walls made of repurposed doors from demolished houses; and concrete sonotube foundations that have minimal impact on the site.

39

Case Studies 3.3.3 The trees adventure

Tree Adventure takes place throughout the 92acre Morris Arboretum at the University of Pennsylvania, engaging visitors in the science, history and culture of caring for trees. The centerpiece of the exhibition is Out on a Limb, accessible journey

into the treetops. Metcalfe Architecture & Design used a “play-to-learn” strategy to drive home the Tree Adventure message – we need trees and urban trees need us – and make it resonate with visitors.

40

Chapter 3

41

Case Studies

42

Chapter 3

43

Case Studies 3.3.4 Conclusion

• Use scouts to complete the processes of nature care and earn a mutual interest between care for the environment, responsibility and creative education.

• Using the idea of distinctive function in the camp area to increase in pleasure as site visitors can walk around in this place and enjoy the natural sights • The integration of the basic functions of the project exhibits and laboratories with the functions of the camp to achieve the main objective of the project (the interpretation of nature).

44

Chapter 3

3.4 Kemenes Volcanopark Visitor Center

Foldes Architects 45

Case Studies From the architect. Though Hungary, located in Central Eastern Europe, is not rich in active volcanos, a large expanse of the country used to be volcanic some 5 million years ago. However, this

does help ensure good quality soil for high level wine production, one of Hungary’s largest export products.

46

Chapter 3 The iconic Kemenes Volcanopark Visitor Center lays 200 km West of the capital Budapest, and has been realised following a national architectural contest announced in 2009 by the Celldomolk City Council, when Foldes Architects celebrated their winning entry from the competing 44 projects. The chosen plot for the center highlighted a flat area between the city of Celldomolk and the 5 million year old Sag Hill, a former volcano

47

Case Studies instead of the straight translation of the brief, such as creating a volcano shaped museum building, it is wanted to capture the true substance of the location. According to our concept, the raw materials, the homogeneous grey of the concrete, the lava inspired colour of the corten steel, and the flue-like arrangement of the space, deliver the spirit and essence of a volcano’.

steel staircase and corridor, and the corten steel cubes also visible from the outside. The varied height and location of bridges link the different sizes and positions of the corten boxes. These offer a range of functions, from screening rooms to interactive installations area, and present the fascinating history and typology of volcanos. To create a more refined interior, the exhibition texts are situated directly on the wall without any supporting board.

If you ever wanted to imagine walking through a cubist painting, this building is a great example of how it might feel to wander into Picasso’s Guernica.

While passing below the red cubes, grey walls and bridges of the building, you have a real opportunity to comprehend the transience and vulnerability of human existence bracketed by such a formidable force of nature.

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Chapter 3

3.4.1 Conclusion

massive design, simple treatments, will studied detailing are all the best way to create an iconic project.

49

Case Studies

MZ architects contemplative meditation house + prayer chamber 3.5

A site similarity case study

Blending into its natural surroundings, the ‘meditation house’ by MZ architects has been designed as a place for contemplation and retreat. resembling a giant fallen rock, the weekend house is nestled on the very edge of the hill with panoramic views over neighboring pine forests and facing the seaside.

50

Chapter 3 3.5.1

Why the case the special dealing with site design hidden away from view, the bedrooms are isolated on the upper floor, overlooking the calm landscaping below. from a crack in the center of the roof, a narrow stairway leads one up the sloping hill, cutting into the rocky escarpment. a dark cave-like

51

passage, with limited natural light then connects to a prayer hall, dug vertically into the ground at the top. a single roofless chamber, tilted towards the sky shuts our all sounds from the outside world, and an encompassing silence prevails.

Case Studies 3.5.2 The concept

‘connecting between earthly and spiritual realms, 3.5.3 Site treatment: the meditation house is meant to provide a retreat at one with nature and engendering a distinctive feeling of peace, harmony and humbleness. ' says marwan zgheib.

3.5.4 Conclusion

there are different ways to deal with site slope; cut and fill caving concaving and cantilevers (creativity in site treatment) 52

Chapter 3

3.6 SACRED MUSEUM & PLAZA

Main architect: Fernando Menis.

Project: Cultural. museum. Status: Plaza de EspaĂąa square surroundings built 2010 y Sacred Museum under construction.

Surface: 5.575 m2.

53

Structure: Concrete.

Materials: concrete, basaltic stone.

Budget: 3.755.000 â‚Ź.

Client: Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Adeje.

Site: Adeje, Tenerife. Spain.

Case Studies 3.6.1 Why this case

• Creative passive treatments for lighting and ventilation • How to deal with the view on the slopes and stunning views • The use of local and prominent Material to show the architectural value of the project.

• Landmark to be accessible and readable

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Chapter 3 3.6.2 Site overview

55

Case Studies

56

Chapter 3 3.6.3 The building

- natural lighting through the landmark and skylights

57

Case Studies 3.6.4 The view

3.6.5 Conclusion

• Creative passive treatments for lighting and ventilation • How to deal with the view on the slopes and stunning views • The use of local and prominent Material to show the architectural value of the project.

• Landmark to be accessible and readable.

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Chapter 3

3.7 Solar Park South

In their entry for the Solar Park South Competi- 3.7.1 Why this case tion, the Colombian design team, Jaramillo- Az• The involvement of people in the work of agriculuero Arquitectos proposed education as the means ture in green houses. of sustainability for the future and the result of • Using elements of construction and infrastructheir submission was being awarded third place in ture, public facilities and supportive of the project. the international competition. Additional images of Jaramillo- Azuero Arquitectos submission and their project concept after the break.

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Case Studies

Among all known renewable energies the most efficient and the only one of its kind capable of regenerating infinitely producing “zero environmental harm� is EDUCATION. This type of energy is an inexhaustible supply of knowledge that spreads from person to person covering vast extensions of

area resulting in massive social, environmental and economical progress. This is why SOLAR PARK SOUTH should be a worldwide focal point in the development of GREEN EDUCATION.

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Chapter 3

By this it is mint to edify a park where civic participation and nature are the main construction materials, as thay promote that the A3 Salerno Highway between Scilla and Bagnara Calabra section transform into a Seeding Green Education Research Center. SOLAR PARK SOUTH is a place

61

that encourages inhabitants to play a part in the construction as they have the possibility to transform it, creating an intervention Public space that belongs to everyone as it grows in relation to the appropriation of the individuals who act on it.

Case Studies

Office+Showroom for DK Megabudka 3.8

3.8.1 Why this case

to design bright multifunctional space convenient for office work, visual for demonstration of interior elements, comfortable for staff and prepossessing to communication at friendly meetings.

3.8.2 Concept

it is departed from regular view on interior by getting free from complexes of horizontal floor-by floor project and placed complicated art object consisting of parallelepipeds into original empty space.

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Chapter 3

Internal color of each parallelepiped depends on its function. You can intricately move between the functions. And the object itself zones initial space around.

63

Case Studies

The Cullen 3.9

An important idea for the architectural solution was to encourage a connection from Greville Street along the Grattan Gardens to Commercial Road.

This has been done in two significant ways. Firstly, the building form is setback from the Grattan Street (4.5 – 6.0 metres) providing an active public open space while opening up a view corridor back to the park. Secondly, the built form reinforces this notion by expressing cantilevered forms as an active sculptural response to Grattan Street.

3.9.1 Why this case

framing the view through creative design elements affected the form with the respect of geometric shapes.

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Chapter 4

4.1 Project organization 4.1.1 Project occupants 4.1.2 Organizational structure 4.2 Administration 4.2.1 Interactive offices and administration zone 4.2.2 Spaces requirement 4.3 Laboratories 4.3.1 Main parts of laboratories 4.3.2 Spaces requirements 4.4 EXHIBITS 4.4.1 Spaces requirements 4.5 Multimedia support facility 4.5.1 Spaces requirements 4.6 Scout camp 4.6.1 Spaces requirements 4.7 Outdoor facilities 4.7.1 Spaces requirements 4.8 Overall program and relationships 4.9 Overall spaces requirement

Program

Chapter 4

Project organization 4.1.1 Project occupants

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4.1

Program 4.1.1 Organizational structure

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Chapter 4

4.2 Administration

Is a place control whole of the project and its functions, and make sure that it is meeting its goals, this part contains mainly: • Rooms of administration and secretary • Meeting hall • Interior reception hall(connected to external reception area) • Staff offices (Department of Finance, Department of Documents and Public Relations Department).

• Rest room.

• Stores and bathrooms • lobby (connecters)

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Program

4.2.1 Interactive offices and administration zone

interactive offices should be colorful and non-formal in design, giving greater comfort in the workplace and would rather be facing the view as well as in rest area.

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Chapter 4 4.2.1 Spaces requirement

4.3 Laboratories

Interactive Labs laboratories are open to students and visitors to see the results of research in a practical way, and be more like exhibitions of hand movement, but characterized by the presence of permanent staff and those in charge of research studies.

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Program 4.3.1 Main parts of laboratories:

• Water Purification Laboratory • Water planting Laboratory (aquaponics) • Micro-organisms laboratory

4.3.2 Spaces requirements

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Chapter 4

4.4 EXHIBITS

interactive exhibits with interactive educational content by attracting people to experience their own hands and wander among the parts of the show without feeling bored and longing for the tests that followed without the help of staff. As for the gallery of trees, it combines vegetable products by the students of the camp grow year-round and periodically displayed in this exhibition. The main parts of theses exhibitions: • Sustainability exhibition.

• Insects exhibition.

• Trees exhibition.

• Mini ecosystem museum.

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Program

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Chapter 4

4.4.1 Spaces requirements:

75

Program

Multimedia support facility

4.5

Theater, library, media library and computer lab, all are educational key parts of the project which surrounded mainly by laboratories, exhibitions, should be close to the entrance.

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Chapter 4

4.5.1 Spaces requirements

77

Program

Scout camp 4.6

It is Educational youth movement voluntary, non-political and international, aims at the development of young people physically and culturally.

Scout camp in this project is the most important activities in how to preserve the environment. It contains: • girls-boys bedrooms • administration office • gym and clinics • kitchen and cafeteria • gathering field

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Chapter 4

4.6.1 Spaces requirements

79

Program

4.7 Outdoor facilities

The project accommodates different types of visitors, students, farmers and tourists, there must be multifunctional outdoor function that are integrated with indoor exhibits and laboratories.

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Chapter 4

4.7.1 Spaces requirements

81

Program

4.8 Overall program and relationships

82

Chapter 4

4.9 Overall program and relationships

83

Program

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Chapter 5

Site

5.1 Definition of the region 5.1.2 Approach 5.2 Accessibility 5.3 Topography and physical properties 5.3.1 Environmental conditions 5.3.2 Ground layers 5.3.3 Site structure conclusion 5.4 Wind 5.5 Sun 5.5.1 Sun effect conclusion 5.6 Vegetation 5.6.1 Pine Forest Habitat 5.7 Views 5.7.1 Skyline

Analysis

Chapter 5

5.1 Definition of the region Tell Ar-Rumman Location: Tell Ar-Rumman is located 33 km to the north of Amman, and about 12 km to the south of Jerash city, which is located on the borders of zarqa valley. Jerash, the Gerasa of Antiquity (Ancient Greek: Γέρασα), is the capital and largest city of Jerash Governorate, which is situated in the north of Jordan, 48 kilometers (30 mi) north of the capital Amman towards Syria. Jerash Governorate's geographical features vary from cold mountains to fertile valleys from 250 to 300 meters (820 to 980 ft) above sea level, suitable for growing a wide variety of crops.

Tell Ar-Rumman is located between Governorate of Jerash, and Balqa Governorate, rising about 400 square meters above sea level, it is characterized by a warm climate to warm summers and cool rainy in winter with an average annual precipitation in the region to approximately 550 mm, and the prevailing wind direction is northwest in winter and south Western some times in summer

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Site Analysis

5.1.2 Approach the site is about 33 kilometers in the north of Amman and about 12 kilometers to the south of Jerash city the only known landmark is Tell ArRumman restaurant, which is on the way to the site location.

- near to the site there is no architectural landmark, only fabulous nature views.

88

Chapter 5

89

Site Analysis

5.2 Accessibility

- the site is accessible from the street; the site is the dead end of the street

90

Chapter 5

Topography and physical properties 5.3 Overview of the site, the site is characterized by the richness of the topographic forms of land which gives a great potential for the design of diverse features in a relatively small area.

91

Site Analysis

5.3.1 Environmental conditions Environmental conditions at the site basically helps determine the style of the design, as help in how to use the different parts of the project in addition to the natural environment in water harvesting and, and also the use of sustainable methods of germination. That's where the region is characterized by a relatively large amount of rainfall in

Jordan, are often mild and hot in summers, but the presence of King Talal Dam helps in moisturizing climate, which makes this site distinct in the climate and geography side.

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Chapter 5

93

Site Analysis 5.3.2Ground layers The presence of a solid layer of rock beneath the soil near the surface helps the process of construction which provides a natural foundation for the built-up parts

94

Chapter 5

Wind The prevailing wind direction on the site is north westerly wind, this wind passing over the waters of the dam which gives moisture and cold before the trend up to the site, which leads to increased speed and coldness, it is important to exploit the wind for the purposes of ventilation in summer. It also should be avoided in the cold winter days.

the southwest wind also must be avoided, because it is often loaded with dust through the barrier vegetarian, also possible to put parking area in the southwestern area of the site.

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5.4

Site Analysis

5.5

Sun

The site is well opened to the exterior sun with no blocking

96

Chapter 5 The study of the movement of the sun is one of the most important factors that influence the design as the site contains important parts of the plant need sunlight and through the study of the

97

sun is adopted best location to place the plant and animal laboratories, in addition to other uses that require this lighting

Site Analysis

98

Chapter 5

5.5.1 Sun effect conclusion Since the site is a sloping area surrounded by some highland areas, it was necessary to study the movement of the shadow in the region and show that there is an area to be a best place to put these laboratories and exhibitions (the main part of the project).

99

Site Analysis

Sun

5.6

One of the most important influences on the project are the types of plants present in this site, site contains a large number of pine trees that have been planted recently. In the following explanation of the types of plants located in and around the site

100

Chapter 5 5.6.1 Pine Forest Habitat

The forest is mostly mixed oak (Quercus calliprinos and Q. infectoria) and pine, and the mix varies by elevation, though P halapensis is dominant throughout. Mixed throughout are also the strawberry tree (Arbutus andrachne), Palestinian pistachio (Pistacia palestina) and wild olive (Olea europaea). Dibeen especially attractive as a model habitat due to the relatively healthy understory. and there is alot of plants types that mentioned before that are able to use in the garden.

101

Site Analysis

Views

5.7

102

Chapter 5 5.6.1 the skyline is natural without architectural impact

103

Site Analysis

104

Chapter 5 Conclusion

105

Site Analysis

Morning at the site 106

Chapter 6

Concept

development

Chapter 6

Introduction 6.1 From the concept of the crack that nature made in our mind that reflected in interpretation activities. the experiance started with the view of king talal dam the solidness of the project layers. then moving down in the first part of the project. dealing with the view from this concept where give a feeling of poorness and almost solid.

widing the crack to rise up

while going through interpretation activity then they will see more nature life around, feeling more pleasent, living the journey that the plant live while going down to recreational zone which is fully natural, in this final step after along climbing down through interpretation activites, finishing there journey knowing there duty to nature, looking up to see that the effect of the built up parts are almost disapeared.

rising up to the air

Wide at late stage

Represents the totally natural quality

Average wide at the middle starting with a narrow where seeds sets

Represents the moderate status between nature and daily life

Narrow in the beginning Represents the beginning of the transition from

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Concept development

6.2

Functions hierarchy

Development The Image

s ree t nd e a p ur t m n a e c adv

.s ctiv a tion a t pre r e int

The Fusion

edia m . m d n n a o i t a istr n i adm

110

Chapter 6 After the effect of nature on function, moving to another step by cross the conceptual zoning with program

111

Concept development

Trasform the zoning to 3d to complete the experiance of interpretation activity.

112

Chapter 6

Interpretation experiance + Site experiance defining a new form

113

Concept development

114

Chapter 6

Applying circulation flow from the crack where to underlining the new things to learn in every station of the project

115

Concept development

116

Chapter 6

the start of the journy its clear that the view down is almost solid parts the circulation is some times inside and out side in the other times

117

Concept development

integratation whith nature by inclosing around not just moving down alon the site

118

Chapter 6

taking in consideration the view importance all over the journey

119

Concept development

thinking about nature and the view at the same time living the interpretation experiance to insure the integration feeling

120

Chapter 6

feeling more intimate and harmony with nature while deepen down in the project

visitors realize that farther they go deep in nature. the project go deep in hand activity they do, where they feel that every thing they made affect the nature and change the experiance

121

Concept development

Site plan

122

Chapter 6

Site plan zoom in

123

Concept development

schematic plan showing the main functions

124

Chapter 6

125

Concept development

126

Chapter 6

127

Concept development

128

Chapter 6

129

Concept development

130

Chapter 6

131

Concept development

132

Chapter 6

133

Concept development

134

References

- http://www.archdaily.com/314373/environmental-interpretation-centre-in-flores-island-azores-ana-lauravasconcelos/ - http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/gadgets-electronics/photos/eco- photos-of-the-week-march-13-19/ soilless-agriculture - http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/tourism7.html - http://visual.ly/healthy-farm-vision-us-agriculture-interactive-infographic?view=true - http://www.archello.com/en/project/meditation-house-0/image-7 - http://archiloci.com/sacred-museum-plaza-by-menis-arquitectos/ - http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/nl/terranova/activ/activ4.aspx - http://www.notcot.com/archives/2013/06/la-natural-history-museum-natu.php - http://inhabitat.com/camp-jrf-gets-an-eco-village-upgrade-by-metcalfe-architecture/ - http://www.growingpower.org/aquaponics.htm - http://geodesic-greenhouse-kits.com/greenhouse_design.php - http://plusmood.com/2011/07/vasquez-rocks-interpretive-center-brooks-scarpa-architects/ - http://www.designboom.com/architecture/mz-architects-contemplative-meditation-house-prayer-chamber-10-06-2013/ - http://royalbotanicgarden.org/page/overview - http://learn.chm.msu.edu/vibl/ - http://archinect.com/people/project/36374829/interpretation-center/36376034

- BREEAM. (2007). BREEAM family. Retrieved on August 8, 2007 from http://www.breeam.org/page.jsp?sid=13 - Energy Efficiency and Conservation in the ASEAN Region. (2003). ASEAN Energy Awards 2003. Retrieved on August 8, 2007 from http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/energy_efficiency/energy_efficiency .htm - National Research Council. (1999). Our Common Journey: a transition toward sustainability. Washington D.C.: National Academic Press - Lewis, William J. 1983. Identifying a Theme. The Interpreter 14(1):i.