Lawyer 11 85 web by Alabama State Bar Association

'~t Union Bank, Ire rrork hard to

earn your trust. " - Henry A. Leslie

~nl and Chief

Executive Officer

Union B1Ulk \\'orks clo sely with many Alabama "llolTIt.ys in Ihe adm in istration of trust:; <lnu est,Lles. OUI' investment capabilities have increased dramatic<llly in the past year by the addition of a slale-of-lhe-iu1 compulelized syslem. As AJabill1la's largest independent bank, we (,'0111101 all OUI ' investment processing \\~lhjn the Trust Dep;u1.men t to assure cons tant attention and complete confidentiality for' your clien ts. 'Nc invite you r questions about Un ion H.:mk's IrtlSI services. 01,11' expelienced trust officel ~ will be glad to discuss any business, financial 01' adminislmti\u aspec t of the sel'\~CCS we proVide.

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Na,hanicl lb "sforrJ' ~i,ion of lilley', dauic ,rcati.., Of! AI300ma ",uily: K""", intacl the orisi nal author', supcrbcomprthensi"., linIment; Brings this an'll up Iodate , Rewrites lh~ booIc 's treatment IOror~pond wilh 11M: Alabama Rules of Ci~ il r~u"": ~nd F.arn ..qui'abk remedy i. a scpar:ue maiMer ... 1985

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SolvingCom l1lon Problems in Long.term Care a nd Medic.aid Financial Eligibility -1)g路302 Thcclderly repre$Cnt 3 growingseg路 rnent of our sociccy. Understanding the Medic;Jid requirements is c'5SCnt;nl in assisting the!ic senior citiu.-ns.

On t he cover M<>ble auomey and 3matnlr ph<.. tOVolpher J3me!I W. Bodiford pro>ided thissun~t ~d his

pitTon thee'aSl 路

em s lKftof Mobile 83y.

1985 ISSUE IN BRIEF

The Alabama living Will Statu te

- pg. 3 16 The "right to die" is a controversial

issue. Alabama has addressed a parlof this contro"ersy by promulgating the Alabnm~ l.iving Will Slatute.

Inside This Issue !'resident's Past .... , •... .. ... 288 EXl'CUtive [)irector's Report •.. 289

I11r Bri..t's . , ................ __ 292 telltr to the Editor ........... 295 lIidil\illhe Cimlils ............ 296 Administ rative Otra

Repon " ....... . ........... :m About Members. Among Finns .. •• . , ......... 298 Wrap-up ........... 299

I4islati~

Recent Develo pme nts Concerning Eligibility for Social Securit y Disability - pg. 312

Alabama State 8M U:mmiuee on Lepl Needs of the Elderly .. »l Young Lawyt'rS' Section ....... 320 CLE News .. . ................. 32]

Commiltee Report ............ 33] Recent De:ision$ ............ .. 33Z Opinions of the General Counsel , .............. __ .338 In Memonam . .............. .. 34{l Disciplinary Report ........... 342 C]assiflfd Notices ....... __ .... 343

Rules governing eligibIlity f<Jr Social Stcurity diSability P.1ymems are oomplex and dIfficult to comprehend. A working knowkdge of these rules is "'!entiat if competent legal advice is to

be n:ndeTed in this 3m.

- pg. 326 Professor Harold See of the Uni_"er' Sily ot Alabama t aw School continues his series on intellectual property law by providing a primcroo copyright law.

~--

NO RTII

The Alabama State Bar recently lost of the finest memb.n; of your board of bar commissioners to high ju· dicial offi~.l ~fer. of course. to Gov. ernor Walla~·~ recent appointment of J. Gonnan HoustOll. Jr .. of Eufaula to the Alabama Supreme Court. justice Houston will be a greatjudge and a real friend of the bar. [n describing the approach he would bring to his judicial work. justice Houston at his jn'·estitu~ ~ferred to the foreword to a recent edition of Yllnk.., /rom Olympus. the noted book aoout Justice Oher Wendell Holmes. In that foreword the aut hor reflected on the faa litt le mention was made in the book about Justice Holmes· 28 years OIl the highest COurt of the State of Massachusetts because those years would be of little general public inter· est. justice Houston thoughtfully obsen·ed that many of the issues con· fronting the Alabama Su preme Court involve matters of little general public interest. but. as Justice Houston said. those matters which do COme before the court a~ matters of the most pressing interest to the parties to the case. There is a message there for all of us in our daily. sometimes rouline. practices. Those matters entrusted to us a~ perhaps of little interest to the public. but they a~ vital toour clients. Justice HoustOll pledged to uS his most prayerful consideration of all cases. of whatever kind. Further. he pledged the timely resoiutiOll of those cases. recognizing that justK:e delayed OIle

indeed can be justice denied. [ am sure all members of the Alabama State Bar join me in wishing Justi~ lIou stOll many fruitful years in this important judicial offi~. You recently heard from me regard· ing Our legal malpractice insuranc~ crisis and the alternatives your bar in· s urance committee isconsidering. One s uch alternati'·e is a bar· ~lated insu· rance company. Cathy Wright of Bir· mingham altcnded a meeting of the NatiOllal Association of Bar Related Insurance Companies to obtain infor· matiOll on these programs. To start our own captive company would be a massive undertaking. but it apparently has succeeded elsewhere. We will con· tinue to im·estigate every possibility and keep )·ou currently informed of developments. One of the things that has pleased me greatl y this year has been the broadbased enthusiasm and commit· ment made by our members who give so generously of their time and talents 100ur many comminees and tas k for· ces. I have had the opportunity to at· tend and participate in a significant number of the committee and task force meetings, but conniCls (usually bar·related). unfortunately, ha"e kept me away from others. [ aS1!ure you I personally appreciate the hard work and dedication of our members. l out · line below only a few of the many acti,·· ities presently under way. The Task Force to E'·aluate Proposed Revisions to the Constitution of

1901. currently chaired by Professor Charles Coleof the Cumberland School of Law, was origina lly constituted w consider revisions 10 the enti~ consti· tutiOll. Ho""ever. followingan in-depth analysis and discussion of the various approaches to its work this year. the task force decided to concenlrate its energics on Ihe following four subjects: local go-...,rnmenl. Conrad M. Fowler. Lanett. chairman; finance and taxa· tion. Law~nce [)umas. Jr .. Binning· ham. chairman: and. legislati"e and executive. Joe Calvin, Decatur. chair· man. The legislative and execu tive subjects were combined because of the necessary interplay between these c0ordinate branches. The subcommittees plan to meet on~or mOre times before anmher plenary session of the task force December 6. The Pennanem COOe Commission. under the chairmanship of Wilbur G. Silberman. has undertaken as its pri· mary responsibility this year an anal· ysisof the ABA Medel Rulesof Pro/es· siona! Conduct and a comparison of the ABA Rules to our current C«Je of 1'ro/essiQIWI Responsibility. Your com· mission will be giving the AHA Rules careful consideration as there are be· nefits to uniformity; however. the com· mission will not feel bound to propose any rule it considers inappropriate for Alabama praclK:e. In addition to itsother projects. your Commilleeon Professional Economics proposes w have the bar sponsor a rc.mli~"td ~~ page 2941

"Executive G))irector's ~port

IIA'\I NF.H

'I know you don't ... but ..." Thl alxwe plma~ usually follow!! fntndly greeting5 from numerous callen lIS the dale approaches for the

bar examination results.l wam to ex· plain our position of nO' giving out an uamir.ee's result s on the exam to OIMr than the examinee - and then only in writing. Our rults uquire thallhe examin~ r~ their gradel no later Ihan September IS for the July bar exam and April ]5 for Ihe February har exam. We have ont full·time and one parl'lime sta ff member \0 handle all the paperwork, including the posting

and ch«king of. all gnade shffis for an a'~ of. 385 uamillftL ~ ~ suits are fOf'U.·a~ \0 lhe national testing center for combining 01 essay KOres and multistat e SCQr't$ \0 obtain the final results. Depending upon the workdays and the mail serviao. Ihis procell can take from seven \0 IOdays. Once the results are rttumtd to our oIfi«. ,,'e then ha,'e \0 p~ an av· erage ol38S leuers loexami~. posting individual scores for failing candi·

dates.

One does noIlightly send OUt a leiter afleeting so significantly the life 01. an individual withwt making ~~ rio fon. to insuR it isCOfTtd.lnforming an applicam of the failure is I most un· pieaum task -even in writing. Most do nO! belie>'e it. a nd many are "SUR there is a mistake."

Corunny to rumor. the bar results the arliest possi· bIe moment; " 'f Like tO~t these results OUt of our office a5 !IOOIl as humanl)' pOSsible. I have not forgotten the anx· iety I felt in 1965. and no OM should endure that wait any longer than a!leolute1y necessary. My COhOE , II always has been. and rtmains. the imenst 01 the individual examin~.l know each is anxious to begin the practice of law and obtain a li~nse JUSt as 50011 as t he results can beobtained.1 also am aware that Mar· IiNdDk·H,,1Hx1l clo&es il5 annual edi· tion ~ptember 30. and for this reason. "'e endeavor to Ilf't the l"tSults ou, in order tha, new associatH may be listed in a firm'$ biographical ske,ch in Mru. li"dnk. We also are cogniz;ln, that a number of individuals art awaiting ,t.. l"tSultsof the barexamination to begin active panicip.1\1on in a firm's pending caseor. in ~ in~taJI(U.obt3in their IXImmi5S1on foroneof the armed fornes' legal branches. In short, there are many deadlines where lime is of essence, and each examinee is affected in an individual way. It "wid be mo&t pkasant if all the news was good and I could .n nou rta' 10 one and alilhat each applicant whout for the barexam IIad bten sua:essful.l could st ay on the telephone all day conveying this happy new •. The deci· sion nO! to give the resulls over the

are made known at

t~phone is to protect the applicam who is nO( successful. I know from rather lengthy experience that a fa il· ins applicant wants to receive the result s privately. [feel these a pplicants areentilled to this musu reof privacy. Likewise. I f~ theapplicant is e-ntitled to know the good or bad news befOl""e anyone else. Thejoy 01 opening. passing letter is a lifetime memory. [ ,till recall that experience most plusantly. Unfortu· nately. I also recall vividly the experieoceof one failing applicant who was thoughtlessly extended sympathy by a well·m.eaning fIYnd who had seen the certified lisl of names after it .... as prtIIle1"ly transmiued, but befOl""e the applicant had actual1y r«ei"ed his n0tice. This one experience was enough for me to know the peraonal nature of t he 001 ice ~ particularly for t he failing candidal~

I likewise know that there is a sin·

....ere interest on the pan of fri~nds and family members .... ho rtal1y aR "afraid" to as k the question of the applicant who has ta ken the bar e xam a nd who may nO! ha"" made known the results. I certainly ...·ould not want to ask an applicant if he or she passed the bar exam and have thaI applicant tell me of a neg:ni,"t result. For this n'aSOll. 1 can appRC;ate the pOSition of one who would rather ask anotheT individual (""'li~1Itd ""

"'*

290)

C,Exccuth,c "Di rector's (f'",m /JIlgo289)

(·l~port

than the applicant. but again. [ fed the personal nature of the har exam die· lates Ihe applicant should be the per· son to make known the results. Once the resu lts have been mailed to Ihe applicant, we allow 48 hours for the applicant's leller to be delivered. If an applicant calls after that time and has not received his or her letter. we will gi"e the results to that applicant Over the telephone, People have called the office and ~ as applicants in order toobtain the results. but through our identification system we are able to screen such imposters. I have been asked to "playa joke" and send a pass· ing applicant a failing leller. This. of cou rse. is a ridiculous request and would never be granted. Theapplicant who isachild. sibling or relative of a lawyer presents a per· sonal dilemma, 1know thejo}l the pass· ing of an applicant can generate within a family. Likewise. [ know the sadness family members feel when there is a negative TCSUlt. Through the ~'ears. 1 ha"e asked both law~'er and non·law. yer relatives if they would have pre-ferred to know in advance that an all' plkant had been unsuccessful. The answer is almost universally "nO)." In any event, such advance notice might be a mere 24 hours. The only light mOmentS we expe' rience near results time are provided by the incrtasing ingenuity of those seeking to learn in advance if an appli· cant has passed. [t seems noone ever wants to know if a person has failed the har exam. These different alii· tud.-s best exemplify our dilemma, The pressure exerted a s t he a n nou net" ment approaches has increased as the number of examinees has increased and as friendships and working rela· tionships have grown. I am uncomfor· table and. candidly. do not like being placed in the position of haying to tell assorted bar leaders. bar members and dear friends that 1 cannot give them a "sneak preview ," 1 would all' predate your considering the facts noted above and not placing us in a position of having to tell you no. The

procedure we follow is revie.>.'ed by our bar examiners and. in the past. it has proyen to be in the best interest of all concerned. Know that we will continue to do

everything in our power to insure the results are properly reached and made known to applicants at the earliest possible moment. 0 - Reginald T. Hamner

Alabama State Bar SECTION OFFICERS 1985-86 AI L Vreeland, chairman John H. Burgess, chairman·elect Philip C. Oavis. vice chairman Roland L Buffington, secrl'1aoy-treasurer Bankruptcy and Commercial Law George W. Finkbohner, Jr., chairman Charles N. PameU. chairman ... o.ct Jerry W. Schoel, secretary lawrence B. Voit. treasurer Business Torts and Antitrust Law Michael L Edwards. chairman WUliam H. Hardy, Jr., vice chairman Georg<! C. Lvnn. secretary·treMur.,. Corporation. Banking and Bu';",," Law Ja.cob Walker. Jr.. chairman Ralph F. MacDonald, Ill, vice chairman Cun" W. Jones, secretary·Treasurer Criminal Law J, Mark McDaniel, chairman A. Charles Freeman, vice chairman Ja~ W. Fuhrmeister, secretary G . Douglas Jones, treasurer Environmental Law Robert R. Reid. Jr" chairman Kathryn E. Errington. vice chairman RusseD C. Stoddard, treasurer Family Law Vanzl'1ta Pmn Durant, chairman Stephen R. Arnold, chairman ... lect J.,.riIee P. Sutherlin, secretary James S. WitdlET. Jr _. treasurer Labor Law D. Frank Davis, chairman Wilham C. TKlweU, 111: vice chairman Oil, Gas and Mineral Law Edward G, Hawkins. chaim>an VICtor H. loti, Jr .. vice chairman Harold D. Rice, Jr" vice chairman Mary R. McKay, secretary·treasurer Pra.ctice and Procedure W. Stanc~ Starnes, chairman RIchard H. Gill, vice chairman D. Leon Ashford. secretary Real Property. Probate and Trust law Ralph A. Franco. chairman Harold D. Parkman, vice chaim>an Joseph T. Carpenter, secretary. treasurer Taxation Norman W. Harris, Jr., chaim>an Roben C. Walthall, vice chairman [).-wid M. Wooldric\se, secretaoy-treilSurer Young lawyers J. Bernard Brannan. president Claire A. Black, presidl'fl""lect Charles R. Mixon, Jr., secretary N, Gunter Guy, treasurer Robert T. Meadows.lII. immediate pMt president

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<OBar <OBriefs New appe llat e ha ndbook ,>resented Alabama Supreme Coun Justice RichardJones presented a copy of the new Alabama Appellate Hand·

tnct of Columbm. the Common' wealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Territories. Torbert has been a member of the conference since he became chief justice in 1977. Massachusetts Chief justice Edward F. Hennessey was elected president of the conference and Maryland Chief Judge Roben e. Murphy was ele<:ted president· elect. Washington Chief justicc james M. Dolliver was elected second vire-president_ Torbert has served on the con· feren",,'s board of directors since 1980. The election of officers was held at theconferencc's annual m~ting in August in Lexington. Kentucky.

book II} officials at Cumberland School of Law. Samford Univer· s it y. before traveling to Washing·

Birmingham lawyer s elected cha irman A BA Li tigatio n Section

ton. D.C .. to present a C<lpy to members of the United Slales Suo preme Cour!. As a member of the executi ,'c commil!~ of t he Ameri-

can Bar A,sox;ialion' s Appellate

Judges' Conference. Judge Jones had been responsible for de"elop-

ing the Alabama handbook . He

Chid JU . li ~e C. C. T orb;:,n

was assisted in the effon by Cum· berland faculty and students. In

T "rl.Jcrl elec ted v ice presi d e n t

CfftmOflies Jul;' 5, Jones and rep-

Alahama S upreme Court Chief justice e.C. Torberl.Jr .. has been ele<:ted first vice pTeSident of the National Conference of Chief Justices. The conference is composed of the highest judicial officer of each state of the U nit<-od States. the Dis-

resentatives from the other 49 states presented copies of their r(>"

specl i"e handl:o:loks to the nat ion's highest ooun . The book will be available to Alabama lawyom> through Cumberland's Office of Continuing Legal Education.

N. Lee Cooper. a partner in the Birmingham law firm of Maynard. Cooper. Frierson & Gale. P.e.. recent l;- became chairman of the American Bar Association Section of Litigation . With nearly 45.000 members. the section is among the largeH components of the 315.0Q0.member

N. A~A.lt

Le~

Cooper

is comprised of law;'crs who try both d"il and criminal cases in court. reprCS('nting either plaintiffs or defendants. As chair· man for a one-year tenn. Cooper wililcad the section in creating new educational programs and materials for its members , and in devcloping or commenting on pohcies proposed for the association at·large of particular interest to section members_

Cooptf s.erwd on lhe 5eCIion go. \'C""ng council from 191510 1982 and also is a IIIt'mber of Ihe associallOn's JIOIicy·mak mg House of Dell'gales. hradmg Ihe Alabama delegation to lhe 42'l·member OOuse since 1980. CClOlptt is a pa~1 presidenl 01. the Young LawyCf'll' SectIOl1 01. the Alabama Bitr Association and a llaSI secretary·treasurer allhe Ihrm,ngham liar ASl!QCiali(lll. lie al50 Sf,',,'C'S as a lru slre of I he Ala· bama Law School FoundallOn. The Alabama liar Assoc:iation pre$CIllOO h,m Wl1 h ,ts Award of Menl for 1976.

Alabama nath'C choscn Judge ,\d"ocate General, USAF An Alabama native was al>" poinled recently judge ad"ocale Ileneral of lhe United States Air Fora. Maj. Gen. Robert W. Noms, origtllally from Binningham. suo Jlt""ses a staff of ]30 Au FClI"Cf: at ·

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1200 civil ian

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lI ouston appoi nt ed to Alabama Supreme Court The newest Just a of the Ala· bama Supreme Court is james Gorman Houston.Jr .. who was sworn in Oclober 7 In Monlgo. Ill('ry.llouslon was chosen by Gov. Wanace 10 suo:etdJuslice Eric Embry. who retIred dllt' to health prublems.. llooston is a nal"'~ of Eufaula. Alabama. and a gntduat~ of Auburn Unl\'lTSlty , He alsogradu· ated from Ihe Uni"crslty of Ala· bama School of Law and has been In private practice since 1960. JUSl lCe Houston is a memberol. lhe American, Alabama and Bar· bour County Bar Assoc:iauons: was past presodem oIlhe Barbour CounlY Bar Association: was a 'tale bar examiner: and is a member of the board of bar commis· sooners. thIrd circuit. In adduion. Houston IS a IIIt'mber oflhe Law Inslllutc COOlmlllreon Keconb · llOfl of COIweyanca. lie IS married \0 t he forme.Marthur Manm of Claylon, Alabama. and Ihey have Iwochi ldren.

Fau lkne r grad uate,. fir,. t Ix.ra]cgals Faulkner Uni'·Cf'lI.ty, formerl )' Alabama Chn,\ian College, gradu· aIM it s first pa11lJegai cla"s s.ep. tcmber 20. This dass CQnSl,lcd of ninc financially dis.1dvamaged in· diwluals whose traIning was paod for under the fcderalJob Training l'artncrshilJ Act .

1..a"')'CrS interested III ,mer.'jew· lila one of these paralegal$ aT\' urged 10 call Wayne I [.r.'cll, director of career developmenl, at 27'l· 5820, extension 1,15, Montgomery ,

('I)rcsidcqf~

(·I)a~c

(F.-f»It288J

qua]irJed law Qlr~ consultant who would agrft to provide law finn 0011· sullil\ll services, primarily 10 small firms and solo pncIiliooers. on ,. rdatively inexpensive basis. David Am.dall. the c hairman 0( this committee. Reggie Hamner and [alll!ady have met with onesuch O)n$ultanl and intend to interview OIhers.

Dennis Ba.lske 01. MontgOmery is tho! cllairman ollhe Indigent DclenseCool· millee. Through his leadership the bar has obIained a grant from the ABA

Standi.. Committee on Legal Aid and lndigenll)eftndanta for the purpoaeol implementil'lga prqvam 10) r«ruit and

train I'uilmleer rounsd to ,epocstnt indigmtdtath·row inmates whose law~ ha~ wi,hd111wn from IheirOlse!!l after complttion d un~ful diRCt aptlnls. The program will bedirected primarily toward recruitment of lawyffll from larger finns. The first traini"ll se5liion will heoonducted December 14·15 in Birmingham. in conjunction wilh the presentation by Chief Judge John Godbold of the first "Clare""" i)a1'TOW Award" 10 a vo!unt_law)'ff who has provided ,cpo tsCiltation to an ind~1 capiut defendant. This is a mo&t impolUnI effort. A 'roe crisis situation uists for the 7O-plus death· row inmates. The Tuk ~'~ on Citizenshil' Edu· cation is chaired by Frank james fA Birming""m. ltssubcommitteeon post high school education. chaired by Car· ney Oobb$ of Birmingham. has been working with the Administrative Office of Courts t(l insure that juror $lide ~ntations are available in all cir· cuits in this $late. The subcommittee has also r«Olllmended and the AOC intends to suggest enthusiastically to each court in the state that the court submit an annual "Sate fA the Judi· ciary'" report to the al'P">Jlriate go. vtming body 0( the city ()£ county .... hen: il silS. The Youth Educalion Subcommittee. chaired by Chris S. Christ 01. Birmingham. has dctennined it would be al'1)l"Qpl'ia te for t he $late oor to mooitor and have inlJUt into those portions of the sociailludies curriculum in state

schools relating to the law and our lepi institutions. The subcommittee is i n the process fA making arrangl.'IDl'llts with theAlabama State Dt,lartment 0( Education to KCOI'I1p1ish this. lIaroid Speake 0( Moulton is chair· man althe Com mittee on Progrnms. l'riorities and long·Range Planning. Itl fint priority is to bring the state bar', data comllilation . record-keeping and word' l'I'faSsing capabilities up to pre$tnt standards. For eumple. your state bar currently has no word · ptOCeISingcapacity. Wesimplycannot continue to operale as we have in the past. The commil\ee is s tudying the IJUrcha!le aI a contlJUter and !IOftware pac~. and I ~ "'e can report pi<Jgi es:5 to you in the near future. Punuanl to the requestsfA many aI you. particularly those of you in the ~ urban areas fA the Stale, I ha~ nked the Committee on La .... yer Publie Reiations.chaired by Anthony Cicio of Birmingham. toexploruhematives to the pre$tnt method of advertising public censures. We all believe in the vigorous enforcement of our discipli. nary rules and in the implementation ol unctions where appropriate. How· ever. a number of you aJll)3tently feel the Idver'lisernents as they currently Ire carried are detrimental 10 Ihe bar 15 II. whole. The committee will conduct a studyol this question and repJI1 to your bar mmmissioner1 I know bulh the mmmittee and t~ bar mm· missioners would al'l'reciate your thouahlS and rtOOrnrnendationson this subject. The important work of the Commit· tee on Governance of the Alabama Slate Bar continues under t he able leadership of Gary Huckabyof Hunt s· ville. itl chairman. As you koow. s ig· nificant changes in our governance structure ~approved by your boom aI bar commissioners last summer. 'fh.eir impiemenlalion oow dependson Itgislati~e e nactment. Bi[1s are being prepared to ~ introduced in the 1986 regular &esaion. The mmmillee con· linlH'!t tOllOOy t~question 01 whether the bilr should ~ Ofgalliwd under- the Alabil.ma legi slature. 1$ it is I'fCSf'ntly OflfoIniEed. Of' whether the bar should be organized under t~ Alabama Suo p!l!me Court. This is obviously an issue dcm~nding thoughtful. deliber·

Ite consideration. Last year your Task Fora on judi· cial E\lI lualion . Election and Selection was chaired by Fou rnier J. Gale. Ill . cI Birmingham. The mmmillee rtOOrn· mtnded and lhe bar commissionmt approved legislalion designed (i) 10 creale an Alabama judicial awenate nominating commission to fin vacan · cits on thea wella te coo rt s ol this state (much as is now done in several olthe larger cities) and (ii ) to provide for the non·partiun electioo of judges. The Iegi$lation was inlroduced rather late in last year', rtgular session and was not pursued actively. This year. under theehairmanshipfA Ralph Knowlesol Tuscaloou. the committee is Cl<II.mining the pilIilical Upel:ts aI thesr two matt('t$ with a view toward finding the ~t approadltotake with t~ ~I' lature and other pilIiticalleaders.. Eu~ Stum aI Birmingham has chaired a s ubcommittee looking at the desirability ol judicial evaluation and potential methods ol evaluation. The s ubcommittee worked long and hard on thi s and intends to J>IItsue this rather sens itive matter diligently and carefully. Many of the goals we wish to ac· complis h as a bar depend 00 the Ala· bama Legislatu~ Your imrnediatepast po-esident. Walter Byars. gracious ly t>as accepted Ihe responsibi [i t y 01 chli ring t he I..egislat ive Liaison Commit tee. HewiU I,Indoubtedly becallingon many of )'0\1 for you r help this year, particu· larly in telt ing 1,11' a key·man legisla· tive system around the state. [cannot cloee my comments at.xlt the legis lature without saying every memberof our bil.r owes a debt of grati · tude to Lt . Governor Bill Baxley and HouOll'! Speaker Tom Drake for their invaluable a ssistance. Likewise, ReI'. resentativH Jimmy Clark and jim Campbell in the Ilouse and Senalors Hinton Mitchum and}ohn Teague w.,-e most helpful to t he bar. We simply could not baveaccomplished a number oflhirl£$ without their help. Several of our members ha ve achieved significant national rewgni· tion for thei r work. As has been previously mentioned in this publication. Fred Gray of Tuskegee is the president of the National Bar Associat ion. Also. Julian Butlcrof Hunts ville is president

ofllle Nalional Associalion of County Allorneys. Lee Cooprr of Birmingham lschairman oflhe Liligalion 5fction of lheAmerican Bar ASSOClalion and Gary liuckaby of Hunlsville is lhe immediale paSI chairman of lhe Slanding Committeeon LaWYff Referral and In· formation Serva oIllIe American Bar ASSOCIation. In closing. you should know your Committee on Law)'tr Alhenising is working "'ilh Ihe Alahama Supreme COlIr! rt'garding constilutionally per· missible Il'Slraintson lawyer adverli:>. 'iii. liowe>.'er. il sttms 10 me Ihal. ,,·hale>.·er lhe Unill'd Slalts Supretne Coon ullimatel)' holds ~rding law. yeT ad,·en ising. as a mailer of profes· sionalism. we should nOi push to the outer conslitulional limits. We are a learned profession. and tha I ca rries wilh il lhe bonkn and responsibililY d M'lf·reslraint. We cannot and should not lei OIl' profession descend 10lhe level of measuring professional soc' Cts$ by what a lawyer has or whal he earns rather than by what he does. 0

Start getting ready . .. for the 1986 Midyear Conference March 19 and 20!

- Jamts I.. North

Where there's a will ... Now there's an easier way. ~""

• ArnSoo.ch Sri: NA PO Bole 1128

-"-""" """"

ArnSoo.ch Bank NA P O. 6c111389

C«Isden. AL 35002 ".,...

NnSooAl Sri: NA ArnSoo.ch Bari< NA PO. 8c»t 11 426 p, O. 6cIII 507 ~.,,-- HtrtMIe. AL 35eo4 Am5ou1h Sank NA ArnSoo.ch Barl< NA P. O. Bole 1628 p. O. Bole 1488 MobiIt. AL 36629 E&!·1575 ~.AL35601

"""" NnSooAl Sri: P O. 8c»t 1150 """"' 793-2121"- """

~Bari< NA

PO.Dr_431 ~AL 36101

the

'. ( ,lrcults III1U'-(III1

I.:"unl~

nar ,' ....oc;atiun

The Houston County Bar Association recent ly held its annual banquet and installation of officers at the Dothan

COUntry Club. Newly elected offirers for 1985-86 are: Pre.;ident Vice President' Secreta ry;

Treasurer:

lIunt ... ,ilh··\ladi"on

J. Huntley JoonSOll Edwardjackson Charles H. MdJouglc.Jr. Charles Amos (;uunl~

Bar .' ...."cialion

Al I he A\ijlus( rne<>[ ing of Ihe Hunt svi lle-Madison COUnl}' Bar Association. the followingoffkers wereelecled for the

1985·86 y~ar:

MCBA i$ rcrognized as an appro"ed sponsor of Continuo ing Legal Education seminars by the 1>1andatory CLE Commission of the Al ahama State Bar. This all-day seminar is Ire..: to MCBA members and will provide many lawyers an opport u nity to comple((' their 19&, CLE reo qu irements by the December 31 dcadline. Partial CLE cred it is a\towed lOT this semi nar, and participants may report the number of hourli actuany attended during any Jl'Irt of the day, The Trusl l)epart ment of Fi rst Alahama Bank gener· ously has offered to provide the lacilit y lor the seminar as wen as coffee and soft drinks. Due to I;mited parking a,·ail· ability in the First Alabama Bank deck, those a!lending are requested toparkat thc M omgomcryCivicCem~r. which is one bleck away and has ample parking. The cost is $1.00 fOT theemireday. l.unch is from 11 :45· \ :30 and is "on·l'oor-own." ArrangementS ha" c ~n madc wit h the Elite to reserve either the downstairsdining room on the rig ht or upstairs. depending on the number of resen·ations, SO those who wish can eat tOilet her Ihere. We will ha"e a s ign'up list at rt-gist ration on t h~ morning of the semi nar lor those who wis h to eat at the Elite. MCRA request s those wish i n~ to attend pre-rf.'gister for planning pu rposes. but pre-registration is n()\ required. For a pre-rf.'gist ration forn' or more information call Dot Wilson at the ~lCBi\ office, 265·4;93or writ e MCBA.P,O. Box Montgomery. Alabama 36101. For those whodo pre-regi~t cr and arc unable to attend. a cancellation would be great ly appreciated.

Tu ... cahKI ... a Louncy Hal" .\ ...... <xiali,'" Re<:ently elected officers of the TuscalOO!kl County Bar Association for 1985-86 arc: P,.,.sident:

I'resident:

James T. Talum.Jr.

P,esidem..,lect: Stocretary: Treasu rer:

Herman Watson.Jr.

John Hay, III Joe W. Campbell

\Iu,,( gunl(' r\' (;ou JU ~ Bar _\<-.. neia I iun The Montgomery Coom)' Bar A!;socialion announce,; thaI il will sponsor the fol lowing Continuing legal Educa· lion sem inar: !lATE:

[)ocfmbe,6, 1985

T IME:

9 a,m.·4 :45 p.m.

en: CREDIT flOURS:

LOCATION ;

Finn Alabama Bank 4!h Floor Aud itorium 8 Com""""" S!rtt!

TOPICS:

"Medical Malpractice"

COU RSE FEE:

"Toxic Waste [)j~poo;.al" "I'rodUC\$ L;.bil;!;," 'To"orage Quc"$! ions In I n, Ura nee CO'lIra<U" MCIIA Membtr'$ - Noch.'lI' Non.m~mbtr.

-.$50

Vice President:

Secretary rr rea~u rcr: EU'ClJti,'e Committee:

Paul Skidmorc Ralph 1. Knowl"'l,jr. IV. Cameron Parsons C hri~\Opher I.. Mcllwain C. Delaine Moontain

Administrative Office Report "'

A llen L Tnl. ley

II has ~n ~verat years si~ the Admm;slrlll"·., Ofr~ of Couns has communicated 10 you through TIr# ... ".,1>0"", iAM'yr" To perform our Sl al 0101'}' dUI"'5 and responsibilitlCS. our

primary line.! of communicatloo are " 'ilh the judg,'S, clerks and coort -sul/" pon pc,.-;oonel t hroughoot the ~Ialf.

We. ho""","I"I". fully

r«llgTlIu

and

appn'Ciate the cemral role thaI 1he at · lorll4-"ys of Alabama pb)' m the _tale cuurt "yst~m, We al>iO reall,.., changes

(ase procellsin!j: procedures. juror \If'OCOOUrl'S and ~'UlI11 forms ha"e a di·

OIl

R..:t iml)aCl on your law

pract~.

Uecau,;e of OIl' umque rri:l1ionstup. 'I '~exlfemd)' Imporlant thaI a pe1"' manl'111 line of communication bill'S' tablishl'<l b;,twcen the ,\ Iabama Slale

I!." and the /lOC. To:> this end, Ik>bert II. Huffak......'dolor of 1'h~ Altlb.u'lll I.aM'!"'. has COI'ISc-'fIl00 10 pro<o"ide ~p;!Itt In )"<1<1' journal .0 we may kl'\'P fOU allPllS(odof ,,, ......,. and programs ",11 hm I he l'Ourl~ whIch arc of lUl1>l"QueOCt'(o )'00,

Wh,k' ~ of you are aware of ,he KII"ilies of lhe AOC Ihrough ) 'QI" m· ,00"C1lle11t w;lh su~court andJu· dieml Sludy Commission commlllee5 and throul;:h COn1JCI with our ~Iaff in Illeir work "";111 local courts. many of yoo probilb1y do1l(ll knOVo' .. uctly who "'... a..,or what ",... do. The AOC PfII'I"id.-sth.- buSInt$S and oomlnlslrali"e fUllClions for IhecotJrl SI'stcnl al t he ~tale le,·cl. Among 01 her things, ~ 12·5·10. ClXlt of Alo/itJlllo. 1!I15. lJI'U"idt." IhM the AOC i$ 10 "C\'aluale the LJnIC1~ and ]lI'lndura of IheCOUrt 5 ... prescribe admlnISI"'" and busineu methods. sYStt111s. forms. and r«ords ... (and (0) make ....'«Iffimendations for the impro"cmcnl of I he operat ion~ of t he Un Ifir<! Judicial SI·tilt111." As th.-se .. xampleo indical", I! IS our r<"SpotlSlbility to ",vrI<; wnh )'our 1001 offICIals toen.ure lhe court system oper.tte'J! as efficiently and ca;t effoo "'dy as jlOIO!Iible_

I"'"

[n acromplishing OUr s tatutory r~ spotlslbilitteS. the AOC is OTganiud so a . Iu Q)fICtIIlrate ilS efforls in the fol· Iowmg areas: • Case managc m c nl - ASSIst· ance IS render('([ to munICIpal, districl and circuit courts to expedit e the now of ca'lti\thrOUl!h t heCOUrt5. This work may 1n'·0I,-.. establishing CiI'Ie processing goals CK de-'elopong CIS<" munllor' Inl! sySlems (both aUlomat('([ and nonaulomated). • J u ry IIlanagclllcnl - Through our central COIIlVUler syslem. til .. AOC annually i,;sues O\"CI" 7.1.000 summons 10 jurors who parlicipat .. in the onestepquahflCilllon and summoni ng pr0gram . [.ocally. staff personnel assisl judgC$ tn mlniml7,ing juror CQSI. by I clf,phone call· in d",'teeS and I u ror pool . ing tKhntques. • Kccord~ nlnn agc m e n l - Ala· bama IS one of th.- few ~tale court 'I'S' tl'mS Illal has a relention and d""l ruc· lion schedu le for ;I S court records. Aside from 1k.,,1rQ)'lng unrtKeS5ary records. m II:rogra phic cenlers are Ioc:a led in BirmIngham. Mobi~ and Momgom· ery for III<" pUrp<.l'le of mlCTOfilmlng records which must be maim a mt'd

ble for prCp;!rit~ the budget for the Un ifio:d judicial SyStem. moniloring all judicial upendltur~. purchaSIng all supplies and ~ulpmem. m\"<"r1tory· mg all court properly and jlI"OCftSing all oourt payrolls. • Pers onncl - TheAOC provides ctnlrnlized penOrInei assistara IOover 1.600 COUrt offictal$ and COUrt support personnel Ihroughoul lhe Slatt. • In lo mlMio n ~)'s l e m s - The AOC is perh a j>!l ont of the mOSt aUIO' mated offit...." in stale government. Wilhin the AOC . our <ICcotInling and penormd sYlllernull' fully aUHlmaled. Seven of our mal COUrts h..,·" b<tn au· lomated and Ihrough linkage 10 lhe AOC. ha,'c accC$li locr; m;nal. CIVIl and Iraffic case tracking systems. • D U I c ou rt referra l l'rOl,/r~I ms - TheAOC coord,nates and monilors the OCIIVn,CII of some 28 5ep.ar3le agencies c:onduclinl! DU [ referral school. in 56 locations throughout the ~latC. Allendance al the!le schools is mandatory fCKdefendamsconvlCt('([ of. [)Ul for lhe firsl lime. Curr.. ntly. a 1.-f:\·e1 11 [)UI prIli"'m is beIng Implemented. Thi s JlI'OIlI"Im ""iII s pt'CiflCillly add~ lhe problems of thc!ICrious al·

penna~ntly,

•

l\cl'OU nl ing

- We are responsi·

Alk.. L Tllphy. tuJ",i"i$lmli"dirrrlllT

ofCOtIrls. nai,wlilis 8.S. dqpw f ro". A Nbo/rn U"iDtl'filyllM 1Iis. M .A. ~ {rom tht Ulfiw-",ily 0{ AIaIll>"III, I~ litis.

Mr. Tapley ,,:iII !lap UJ i~· fo rmed alll>wll~ acliuities II qd proptJ"'.

(Olu ~m.

of thuwk COtIrt .,._.

&\hout ~Iemhers, &\mong Firms

The law firm of ,"'os ter, Brackin & Bollo n . P .A .. takes pleasure in announcing M. Mort S waim has become assoxiated with the finn. Of· fices are located at 1715 N. McKenzie Street. Foley. Alabama 36535. Phone

9434500.

The law firm of Uampe. Dillard and Ferguson lakes pleasure in an· nouncing Les lie Ra m sey Bari· neau has become associated with Ihe firm. Offices are located at Suite 331 Frank Nelson Building, Birmingham. Alabama 35203. Phone 251·2823.

Oav id A. Garfinkel is pleased to announce the relocation of his office for the practice of law 102956 Rhodes Circle. The Rhodes Professional Building, Birmingham. Alabama

35253. Phone 933-83S3. Mobile anomey John Funnan placed eighth OUI of Z5 enlries in a recent pure stQCk car race at Mobile Din Track in Semmf'S,Alabama. Furman drove a 1974 eight c¥linder

Duster. sponsored by the race (rack. which is his client.

Ric ha rd M. J ordan and Randy Myers. 3ltorneY$ at law. lake plea' sure in announcing S imeon F . Pen. tOil has become associated wit h the firm. Offices are located at 302 Ala· bama Street, Montgomery, Alabama 36104. Phone 2654561. Hand. Are n dall . Bedsole. Grea ves & J o hns lo n . 30th Floor. First National Bank Building, Mobile. Alabama. takes pleasure in announc· ing An ila T. Smith has become as· sociated wi th the firm.

J.T . Mnlage ... attorney and coun-

selor at law, announces thc removal of his office \0 7f1l West Main Street,

Dot han , Alabama. Phone 793-5448 J . Scot! Boudreaux is pleased \0 announce the relocation of his office to 604 38th Street South . Bir· mi ngham. Alabama 352'22. Phone

FIO}'d, Keen er & Cu s imano takes pleasure in announcing David A. Kim !x:rle y has become associated with the firm in the general practice of law. Offices are located at 8 16 Chestnut Street. Gadsden. Ala· bama 35999. Phone ~7-«l28.

North Pood Strttl. West Courthouse

Square. Vernon, Alabama. Phone 6%-7176. Wi ll iam O. King. IV. auorner at law, formerly associated with the firm of Gray. Espy and Nellies. Tuscaloosa. is pleased to announce the opening of his office at Suite 201 Post Offi~ Building. Carrollton. Ala· bama 35447.l'hone 367·8631.

The law firm of Fa lke,,!x:rry . Whatley & He idt is pleased to announce the relocation of its offices 10 ~'ifth ~100r Title Building. 300 21s t Street Nonh. Birmingham. Alabama 35200. Phone 322·1100. Be ll . kichard""n. I-I crringtoll, Slm r k ", a " & She lmrd. P .A.. is pleased to announ~ the association of Gabrie lle U. Weh l. Ph ilip N. Li se n by and 5y l,·;" K Tucke r and the relocation of the law offices 10 116 Jefferson Street South. Hunt svi lle, Alabama 35801. Th~

59J-6767. Joh "n~' M. L:mg:lcy ;s pleased to annou nce the opening of his offICe on

Carpenter & Gid iere is pleased to announce C. Jeffery As h has beCllme associated with the firm. and its offices are Iocaled al Suite 320 COIllOr3te Square. 55S Sou(h Perry Street , Montgomery. Alabama 361O·t. Phone 834·9950.

The law finn of Hardin & Wi se announces the removal of its office for the general practice of law to Suite 503 720 Energy Center Boulevard. Northport. Alabama 35476 S ta nford J. Skinner and 1\1i· e hac! A. Ander""n take pleasure in announcing the fonnation of their pannership. Skinne r & An der""n. fo.- the genernl practice of law at 1701 City Federal Building. Binningham, Alabama 35203. Phone 251-0285.

law firm of Wooten , Boyell , Thor nlo" . c...!"!""",e .. & O' Brien takes pleasure in announcing R. Blake Laze n b )' has become a panner in the finn. Offices are located at 212 West North St~t. Tal· ladega. Alabama 35160. Phone 362-OOl1. The firm of Watson , Gammon s & Fees. P .C .. takes pleasure in an· nouncing Dou glas Jaye Fees has become a panner in the firm . Offices are located at 107 Nonh Side Square. flunts\·j\\e. Alabama 358(». Phone

536-7423.

Robert L McCur ley. J r.

The Alabama Legislatu re while in il8 sec<)nd specia l ses· sion for 1985 amended Ihe Alabama iocome lax provisions go"erning alimony to conform to the federal provisions which became effective January I, 1985. This bill (H·67) was sponsored by SenatorTed Littleand Representat i,'es Beth Marietta. Michael Onderdonk. Mi· chael Box and Bill Fuller, Professor Jim Bryce. Uni"ersity of Alabama School of Law. whodrahed the legislalion for the institute. has s umma rized the effect of this amendment as follows: The most imjX>rtam of the federal rules (I.R.C. §§ 71 and 215) which will now apply for Alabama income tax purpo;>:se!i

fou r Alabama and federa l Trial Practice f orm Books Avallabla lor Immediate Shipment ...

o ALABAMA AND FEDERAL PLAINTIFF DISCOVERY FORMS

o ALABAMA AND FEDERAL MOTION FORMS

ALABAMA AND FEDERAL ORDER AND JUDGMENT FORMS

ALABAMA AND FEDERAL COMPLAINT FORMS

are: (I) deductible alimony payments must coolinue for at least six years. must not bedesignated as nondeductible in the divorce instrument and must not conti nue after the death of the payee spouse; (2) deductible paymem s within the six·year period are subject torecapture{inclusion in the payor"sgross irocome)if theyexceed later payment sdunng the s ix·year period by more than $10.000. unless oneot the former spouses has died or t he payee s pou se has remarried; (3) payments which will cease on the happening of some contingency related toachild,e,g .. atlainingage21. will no longer be deduct ible. Alabama also adopted the new federal rule (I.R _C. § 1(41) reversing the DtJ vis case: no gain will be recognized on the transfer of appreciated property in connection with a di· vorce. The transferee spouse will have the same basis in the proper(y as the transferor: Ihus. for example. the former husband can transfer appreciated property in a property settlement without reponing the gain. while the former wife will recognile and report Ihegain on the property when she sells it , The Alabama amendmen(s are effective for instruments executed after December 31. 1984. and for instruments executed bef~ that date which are modified 10 be subjec( to theamended federal law_ These are the same effectivedate rules as in the federal income tax _Thus the same rules with the same effective dates now will apply for federal and Alabama law. Instruments that result in deductible ali mony for federal purposes will achie"e that same result for Alabama ir\COlTle tax purposes. (Co~/;,/1Ud on /IilIl' 3{)7)

Part of a sarles of trial pra ctice form books by Robe<1 SeUa .. Smith and Joa n Mclnty r. . Tha price 0 1each of these books Is $59.95 ptus postage end handling. MADISON PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 223 EAST SIDE SQUARE HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35801 (205) 533-50411

Rober/ L McCurky. Jr.. director oflhe Awooma lAw f" s/j/u/e. n· reitw/ hi. U.S. a~d LLIJ. degree< from /ht U~i<'lrSjty 0/ AltibllmQ ,

In Ihis rrgull1rroJ"'>I>I, Mr, McCur·

ley /,:ill krep us updated ,m Irgisll1. lio>l 0/ interest alld imporli"'re /0

AlI1hama al/arneys_

Alabama State Bar Committee on Legal Needs of the Elderly

â&#x20AC;˘

Arl work courtesy Alabama Commission on Aging

b, Ib rold V. lIugh~lon. Jr .. Ch a;mw n

In t roduc tion In July Jr., while president and with

1983, W,lllam B. Hairston,

preparing to take office as Stat~ Bar the !upport of the board of barrommiss~, organUaitheCom· mlllee on ~I Services for the EI· derly wilh the general purpose of the cummin e;! beitlJ,l "to del ermine the legal nl't'ds of Ihat part of our populalion deslgnaled 'Ihe eldtr1)-" Ihat can be ~rved Ihrough thoe facilitll'S (/. the Alabama State Bar and its ItH'mber· ship." The creation of this commiuee represented the Alabama State liar's first organized effort to have a ,,,,gle "chicle toaddrns the legal needsof lhe eldfi"ly. In lhe firsll""Oyt:lrsof il5 e>:ISttfn, lhecommillee has been inwllved w,th basic organizational chores such as disco"cring brood and specific kgal problems ....·,th ,,'hich the elderly are confronted: determinIng various meth· ods and programs thatlheoommlllee, our slate bar and indi,;dual law)'ers might undertake toaddress those problems: detenni n ing apport u nit ies t 0 prt' sent the legal needs of theelderly 10 Ihe bar membenhlp: litIIn:hing mcthodsof funding for thoe vanous pro;ectS .....e as a commitleo'! moght undertake: and ",. "cstigating projects and program s bars '" other state!! ha" e done and are doing as source of ideas for projects we in Alabama alllO nllghl undertake. Therommlttee has 6ft as blg·range gOals lhe education of the public, the elderly, the bar and lawyers", Ala· bama of the legal needs of the elderly; the establishment of programs 10 ad· dress thosoo nl't'ds; and establishltH'nl of thisoommillee as a viableand acm'~ committee 10 coord",att lhe Kientlfica· lion o[ needs and the resoIulion of those needs for the Alabama State liar.

of the Alabama

Toward Ihe accompllShmcnt ot Ihese gOals lhe cornmlltee began it5 work by determining the various proIJ. I~ms which face th~ elderly. This was accomplished through such eridea,-ors as commillee members discussing lhe probIemsoilheelderly with members of other professions whodeal with lhe elderly: receiving Information from gm'ernmental agencies as to the needs of thoe elderly; and receiving input from allor"")'. 3S 10 their VIl'WS on the nl't'ds of the elderly. In addition 10 the facl·finding work the committee has done and still is doing. it has undertaken several project s. New s~per articles on subjects dealing ..... ilh theeklerl)' have been wrillen and distributed during the month of Ma y in conjunclion "'il h "Oklef" Americans Month" and "Law Day," These arti. cles have cuvered such topics as pow· ersof allorney. will preparation. Medi· care and health insurance benefits. property ownership. retirement plan opIlOI'IS and Soci.al Scc\Inly and 551 eligibibty. The commi ltee also is preparing [(II' distribulion Ihroughout Alabama a rt' lIOurctlcoordination manual. This

manual "'i11listthe "arious organiza· tions and agencll'li in Alabama dealing with meeting the needs of the eldcrly. T he purpose of th is manua l is to iden· tifyand locate thoe proper agency design.ed to IlWt specific problems. This manual should reduce the amount of time and an~ie~y the elderly face in trying to locale the propel" agency needed. T he commiuC!e presently is in"esli· galing and considering other pro;ects possibly realistically undenaken 10 in· >'Olve the Alabama State Bar and law. yers in Alabama more dirfCIly and more concretely with the elderly in order 10 address and meet thclr legal ne~is. We, as a state bar and as law· yers, "'ill be strt1lg1hened as a profession and as individuals as we address the problems of the elderly CItizens of Alabama and ""rticipate in the resolu· tion of those problems and nl't'ds. The articles in Ihis issue of Tht A/Qbtlma un..,er ...-ere chosen wuh the pI"OCtitionl'r In mInd and with the in· tention that we as a1tom~y l will un· derstand more fully lIOme of the fre· quent legal problems facing the elderly.

Harold V. IIl'g1rslaN. Jr.. i$ a 1979 gmdOUl/.t Il/ Ih~ UNi_· sil), 0/ AlabtlllUl School of 1.4,.,. If' i$ 0 fIIlrl"", ".'illt hjj br6Ih~r. i" Ihe T uscu",bia fi ..... af HugHslo" aOld l/uXhsl(JJ'l a nd ""n~ a& chai,,,,,,,, Il/ Iht At.r 00 mil Slo Ie IJa, Com,,,;/ It<! 011 1401 Nfflb Il//ht EId~rly.

Solving Common Problems in Long-tenn Care and Medicaid Financial Eligibility b, Cla ~·ton

The private prattil ioner long has be· lieved that knowledge of Medicaid and OIher public benefits law is unn<""",SlIry. &"C3Use of t h~ increasing iOfij(c'"

ity of t he American popula\ ion and the rapid rise in the CQ!!\ of long·term care, I his belief mllst be discarded. hen middlH:lass clients find themselves unable \0 meet therosl of nu r.!" ing horne and other medical care in their later years. The horror S\Oril>S

ha,-c k-d many familk>s to seek 1<11"1 advice to ""<)id s<>Tious financial diffi· culties s hou ld the nctd arise to S\....,k

nursing home admission for one or moreofthcir membcrs. Tile num!lefor s uch persons can be cxp"clcd 10 accel·

crate. T he Alabama State Bar must be ready \0 meet the challenge. Undoubtedly. many people fail to plan for the possibility of ha"jng to pay for Ioog-\ errn ca re heca II se t h "y believe Medicaid ",in pay if they cannot. Some e"en assume. (tu it e erroneouslj', that Mfliiw ,t i~ genera II y a vail able t 0 meet thl'SC e xpense! , Although ,\ kdicar" . Tille XVUI of the Social Security Act. 42 U.S,C. §§ 1395·1395xx (1982). does pay some nursing hom~ and home health CIIrt' expenses. the cO"crage is ~xtremely limited.' i\k'<licaid. iii. Titl" IXI. 4~ U, S.C. §§ 1396-13961>, is moregenerallj' avail abl., to help ml'et the needs of those who (annO! alford needed long·term care. This is because Alabama haschosen to COVer "intermediale care lacilit y servi· re;.'" "" iii. § 1396o:i(cj& (d) . in additi(lll to skilled nursing home ".;:rvices. and noierlgthof stay maximum i.im])(>led.

Davis

Roughly 75 percent of Alabama nu rs· ing home residems receive at least some assistance lrom ~ledieaid . \3e(:au>e Medicaid is a joinl federal· state PTOl!ram. id, §§ 1396 & 1396;(2), laws and regulations gG"l>J"ning;1 are found al both Ihe fedl..,,1 and slale Ie," els. Attorneys ",ho find thcmsekes ut · terly perplexed aher initial at teml~s to find !;Olutions for clients seeking dig;bilit y for nur.;ing home CO'·Crag<.' join a len",thy list of distinguished jurisls who have found Medicaid law monu· mentally difficult to fathom. The Medieaid program anll its statutory and rc-gulalory prO\'isions ha"e I:>c<:n variously described as "almOOI unintellig· ible to I he uninitiated' " (Judge Ffiend· ly): "3 morass of bureaucratic rom· plexity'" (Chief Jusl ice RU'1:Cr); "1)y. ,.amine"' and "among 1he nJO'j\ imricate e"e,- drafted b}' Congrc'SS'" (Justice I'owt"ll): "an aggra"all'(\ assault on I he English language. resislant 10 attempts 10 undersland It" '; and "'!;Odrawn 1hat

thej' ha" c created a Serboni.n bog from which th~ al.",ncic'S are unal.>l~ 10 ex tricat e themscl"es."" Allorncys should not despair. however. bul ralhl'f should appreciale the imponante 10 t heir cli~nts of informc'<l legal addcc in completing n·al pr'>1'('rll' and other Ii· naociallransaCli(lll< (esl"-",iall y III es· tale pl anning~ e nabling t hem to a,·oid Medicaid problems in the fUlure. What sorl of client need be Con· ccrned about Medicaid ? At the ris k 01 over·gcnerali7.ation. an)"on~ who ca n· not reasonably eXllOCt to roo:i" e al leasl SI,2,,o per month (in 19S:i dollars) III (lOSt·retirenll'''t in1'.lmc (Iwicc that amounl for a couple) should lake Ml~ dicaid TOI"" into ael"Ount in re"icwing propert y huldings ".)d in eslate plan· ning. Clients with income PTOSI"-'t:ts of anj'l hing k'SS are highly unlikdy tu be' able 10 p;1Y for nursinl( home care IhcmselH'S, What arc t he baSIC re<:]u iremcnts for ~kdicaid eligibility in the nUTl'ing

Clayton Da~'is is a 1978 graduate of lite Unh..rsily oj Ala· bama School of Law alld;s slale dimlor jor UIf(1I CouIISIII far Ihe Elderly. tlte Un;I..rs;ly ojAliloomo Low School Clin;· (0 1Program. fir. 100. is a ,nemlMroj lite bars (A ",,,,;lIuOll Legal Net:ds aj Ihe Elderfy.

hor'n<'? first, awhcam~ mUSl nlCd ~ "" ml'(hcal cntl'l'Ia

~!ablished

b) Ilk

Alab.1ma Medicaid Ageoc)' fur ~ithl'r inl erml'<lial Cor sk' lk'<l ca",. ' All hough nac ("~ry awhcanl lor whom a physi. (,an n.:ornrnends admiSliion 10 a nurs109 home w,lL Ill: c,"",rK'd by M..'<IlClIod, 'a,tu", 10 meel lhe medical mler,a 'UI Ih,'1 writing far 10."," commonly g,Ien as Ih~gmund fordt·niallhan IS fmlure 10 m"'~ financ,al ehgibililY rl~luor"h ml'ms."

Thus, an

,""lIlulionah~

person

alm .....1 alwa)'s 5ubjl'O;l to lhe $1,600 h"HI cI·cn ,f married, but hisspouse's pro~rty will not !l. cuns,der<'<I as rountable resources. The 1001o,,',ng asse1 S all' lhe nlOlIt ,mporlant exclusions from rountabi<' reJOU~:

(I) UptoS2,OOOwOl'lhofhousehoid goods and personal cflrets plus a "'1'<1·

d,ng rmg, an eng<ll(l'lllern ring. and medical t'qu'pmc1It and do;,·m. 42 U.S.c. § 1:l82b(aKZKAI: ;!O C.F.II. § ~ 16.1116; Social Securil)' Ad, ",,",strallOn I'rogram Operatio"$

11fCtSS3r)'

Sco:ond. awhcanlS

mU~1

ha"f a nlOOlhl)" ,ncum~ of $8:">2.90 or bs..' This amount ,s set by tit.' slate. bul ~,"'nOI exn...~1 :\00 J.l("raml of Ihe nlOOlhlySuJllllcm..'rnal Socurny In"01'~ (SSI) IlI:nefil amourn for an ",d",dual (curn.... II) 300 pen:enl 01 S325. or $975)." Th'$ f«leral limil Ihu~ n"l."; ea;:h January" hen IIII' S51 benefil IS

allju,led for inflat ion. 'I'llird, applicanls mUSI not ha"e "rournable reources" or as1lfts n · reed",g hmuallOO~ 'mJl(llK'd 11). [he 5S1 progrnm '" 42 U.S.C. §§ 1:l82 & 1:l82b(a). [)unng 19ti5.llIis hmlla1100 is $1.600 for a >I ngle ;nll;,'idu31 or a married "indl"!dual who lias nospouse

I""

wnll whom he.s h'i"g" " and S:!.'IOO

for a married couple h"jng logt1 hI'r."

Manual S)'stcm Ihcre",,,ltcr I'O~15 J ~ 51 011;!O.!iOO-.5lO-, Alabama Medicaid Agn\q' Ad"'i ..i$lm/; .... l"'/~ IIw.-mnaf· II'T" AIIIIl;IIj,/m/jl'(' c..d,llIuk No. 56(). X ·z.;..~Z(cl (Suw·June:JO,I985r. (Zl Any aulOmobok (1eC("S5ar)' 1(.If"

employment. used as transport 10 obiam medi<:allreatment of a sp..:ific or r.gular medical problem. or mo(h · foed for a handicapped person and. if no automobtle ,s excluded bcnuse of an)' of! hese Ihree use., IhC1l Up!<l 54.500 '" ('Urrmt m~rket ,'alue of any aUlom ... bilr." 42 U.S.C, § 1~!;(a)(ZKAl: ZO C . ~· . II: . § 416.1218(bl: l'O~IS §§ 51 011:JO,6(lO..620 & SI EOII30.6Z0: Ad

lIl;tlj,/ITI/;I'<' WtI('

lIule No. 56().X·ZS-

,Of(t~a r.

131 All tenn ",sura""" and burial msurance (but only if the proc,...'<Is can !l. used onl)' 10 pay I he burial expenses of the ,nsured ), ;!O (TlI. § 41 6.1230 (a)& (bX8r. I'OMS § OII:Jl.100, Ad",;· Il;J/ra/; .... WtI~ lIule No. S6t).X·za..6 (zKb)". (4) Whole life 'nsurant~, but only il Ihe 100al face value 01 all whoii' life

poIicocs on Lhe ",dll'lIIua! docs not cx· «t'd 51.500, (I' ~h,s $1.500 hm'l ,i; n · at'ded. the~"/;"ca.h surrender "alue 01 all whole hie pohcies i~ indud~'<I '" eountablc R'WUr<'eII.) 42 U.S.C. ~ l:lll:!b (a) (last scnlrnctl; ZO C. F.l1. § 416. !Z3Q.a)". I'mlS §§ 51 0] 1:JO.iOQ.,910: Ad",;..jj/ra/i,.. t::..dr 1I uIt No. 56(). X 25.06(2)(b); (5) AIII>!Jrlal ~paces ,merKll-d for the ,ndi"idual and h,~ ,mmediale fanuly plus uillo SI.500 specirlCally ~t as io:k for burial in burial contracts. blmal trusts. or bank lJoIXOUnls clearly des'lInaled exdu s,,·tly for bunal. (Any appreciatioo III value and "'tl"1"e>;1 subsequent Iy I'arn<-d Oil IlIese i tem~ arc HIS<! excluded). 42 I1,S.C, § 1:38Zb(aXWI). (d)(I)& (4); ;!oC.F.l1. § 4Hi ]231: I'OMS §§ SI AOlllO.OO1·.oot; Adm;His/ra/i....

UNk Rule No. 56(}. X·2'~_06(2)(d); (6) lncome-pnxlucing II(01liquid prup-

eny. but only if its l'<luity \'aluc is $6.000 or less and it produces an an · nual net return of alleast six percent. (Stocks. bonds. and other "liquid" resources ~ I hose t hat can be converted to cash wi thin 20 days. id. -.06(I)(a) -cannOl beexduM.:! underthisprovi · sion. On the other hand. nonliquid property worth morc than $6.()()J that nelsal least six per«nt of total <"1uity wi ll not disqual ify the individual so kmg a~ the sum of the excess above $6.000 together with all other count· able resources does not extef'd the $1.600 limit _Thus $7.600 can be held in 1985 if t he indi"idual has no other countable resourcC!;.) 42 U.s.C. § 1382b(a)(3); 2OC.F.R. § 416.12'24; PO.\15 §§ 51 01140001-.010, ·. 1000. 200. & . .32(). ,325: Ad", i nisi ra lit'(' ()j/e Rule No. 56().X·2!}..06(3). (7) Unknown assets. Effective with s...ptember HISS. an asset. such a s an un known inheritall<:C. becomes inc~",~ for the month during which the ind ividual discovers his ownersh ip inter· esl and a resource in the fo1lowin~ month and thereafter. Unknown assets are excluded prior to discovery. I'O,\ IS § SI 01 I 1O.0 1 0~. (The Admi"i.<lro/h'(' COOe has no comparable provision. Lit · igati(>o would probably be rt'quirt.:!to obtain Medicaid acquicsccll<:C. Obvi· ously. t he exclusion is importanl only in cases in which Medicaid seeks to recover "o\'crpayments" ."""ived dur· ing the period prior 10 discovery.r. (8) Retroactive Social Security and 551 payments. but on ly for a perio:xJ of s ix months following Ihe month of receipt. 42 U.S.C. § 1382b(aXF) (Supp. 1985); 1'0:'1 5 § Sl AOI I 10.003. (Aga in. the stale has not adopted a comparable provision ,): (9) Properly that cannOl Ix- liqui dated. 20 C.F.!t § 4 I6_1:lQ1 (a): 1'0,\15 § 5 1 OII:JO.::I3O A: Admilli.lra/iP'f' Code Rule NO). 56().X·Z5·.06(eX4). A major discrepancy between federal (whkh cont rols) and state law e~ists hen;: , The Alabama regulation limits this exclusion to property with a net ~ur· n;:nt market value of 56.000 or to the e~clusion of Ihe first 56.000 and the inclusion of the remainder. effooi\'r!y limit ing the amount to 57.600 for an

individual with no ot her countabk rj!sources as in e xclusion (6) abo,·c_ The federal provision places no value hmit on properly that cannot be liquidatt'<i. In addilion , Ihe 1'0.\15 provision ex cludes propert;· that cannot be liqui · dated because of "legal technicalili<'S. gmeral ....:onomic conditions in th,· community. Qr IIw i"abilily IQ jim/ fl bU)'f'r " (~'TTlphasis add,'<i). The Alabama role ~'cms 10 reject the last rcason by omission _Producing evidcllCt! that the properl y has ~n on the market for 90 days (Alabama ) or for six mont hs (fed· erall and t hat no offer to porchase ha. beom rt'Cei"l'<i or producing statements from two "knowledgo.>able sources" (s<", I'OMS § 51 01130.320 D. for a list of thl'$C) that the property is not sa lable ~auS<' of legal entanglement s or ec0nomic conditions would sati~fy both federal and state ""'1uir"rnents for propert ;· \·al ui.'<l below the Alabama dollar limit. Exclusioo undt-r thi.:\l'C· t ion of propert l' appraiSl.:! at a greater valu e by t he tax assessor would almost certainly "'quire litigation. (Note: The AlJbama Mi.'<licaid Agency R'CCnt ly has announced that it intend~ to abolish thi~ exc\u,ion in its entirety. 3 Ala. Adm , Monlhly457.458[Sept ,30, 1985D Theagency base;; its decision on Transmltlal MCD ·~;"8:) (1'0) of the Health Care Financing Adminis t ration. IICFA's interpr~tation is itself based on a dt'Cision of t he Appeals Council of the Social Securit y Ad ministration (not "in acrornaTl<'" with a recent federal court decision" as all('j!ed by ~leditaid in the Ad",i"i.,lral;"f Mo"llIiy in which the council held that the propert), In Qu(.'Stion wa s actually "marketable. but at a prie(' which is probabl), k ss than that desir~.:! by th~ claimant" 5SN 83·3Oa. Th~ Di\'ision of Program I<t'quirement s Policy of the Social Security Ad mi nistration also has an· nounC<,.'<l it intend s to amend 1'0.\15 ~ 51 01 J:lO.:J3() (probably nc;!, the end of No\·em bcr). but nOl exact1r in line with !lCFA. A~parcntly. the new 1'O~15 section will merel;' stress Social Secur· ity eligibility workers must ~nall"c each property situation individually to dl1ermin~ the Curr~nt market value rather than always accep( the applicant's statement that the proper(y has been on the markel and no offers have been received. Sa I I Washington

Weekly at 143-44 (National Senior Ci· tizens Law Center. Sept. 13, 1985)_The implementation of this new HCFA pol. icy already has been tempOrarily en· joined in Maine, WUh)' v. I'eli/, No, CV -85-401 (Kennebc'C County Sup. CI .. Aug , ll. 19Ki1. and more' lit igalion c;ln he eX)le<:ted to follow hefon: I his i~,ue is finallj' Willed: (10) The principal of I ru,ts. but onl)' if the applicant ha, nO legal right of access to the principal. I'O~' S § 51 01120.105: S('f Ad",i"i.lmli,.,0xlc I( ule No, 560-X·25-J)l(4): ( 11 ) Funds in joint checking. sav· ings, and olher accounts. but on l), to t he extent t hat the applicant can pro,'" that (hc monc)' wa~ not !'(:allf hi~ own and t hat he has rerno\'ed his nnnW frum Ihe account to the ext,'nt of his non-ownership_ PO~'5 § SI 01120.210 . C~II/ra. Admilli.,lra/;'", C(J(/c I(u lt No. 56().X·Z5·.08(Z) (aluibuting all such funds 10 Ihe applicanl "'It hout exce!" tion). Using this exdusion currently requires. a t thc ,·cr;· lcast. pruducing e"idenc<cof Ilon·owncrship (asout I, nl'<l in th~ I'OMS provision) a( a state adminis l rat i" e heari ng and. at I1105t. ".sorl 10 th<' courts: and

(Il) Thehome.butonlyiftheappli· cant is eXpt'Cti.'<lto he dischargc'<l from the nursing home or hi, sp"usc or a depo:ndent relalive resides in the honle. ·12 U.S.c. § US2b(aXI): 20C ,F.R. § 4 16.1212(aX2): I'OM 5 § 51 011:lOA2.;: ,111"';1Ii.<lmli,,,, C{~h' l(uleNo, S(i()-X-~~~ .00(2Xe). The "home" i~ defined:ls the principal phll-e of rl'Sidel1<.'{' and in· cludes thl' land around it and all;' RL latedoutbuildinw;_ ill Th(·"dependent relati\'e" muSt ha\-e bt.""n I"'ing in lhe home and ~ctuall;' dependenl on \h~ applicanl at the lim~ of his inst it UI;O/lalir.a(;on. Adllli"i'/ml;'", C(J(/t.' Ruil' No, "(il). X·~:~.06(t~cK2). ,\ "rclat ivc" is d,' finl.:! as "son. daughtcr. stcpson. SIC!" daughter. 1Il·I"ws. mot her. frlt her. stt!" mother. stepfather. waodmother. grandfather. aUn!. uncle. siste •. brot h· t1'. stepsister , st{'pbrother. halfsIster. halfbrother. nil....... nephew," M: ... ,. I'O~IS § SI 011:JOA25 B. When",r th,· applicant's absence from the honll' is "temporary" is oft~n a difficult !lu,'S· tion. An absenl'" of more than "'X months "may indicate that lhe home

no longer !;CrVt!I &Ii lhot princIpal ~ of resid~.·· PO~'S, SI 011)).425 B. On Ille OIher hand. ~i K month~' all$l'oce does nol creme an irrebuttable prt"Sumption lhal II IS nOl lemporary. Fmally. awlocams mUM not hav~ ,ooIaled lile "Iransf« of rftOUlUS" rest ncllons wIthIn l 4 moolhs of llle date of 31'1'1icallon. The currenl Ala· bama Mrolcaid fl:gulation providt'll as fol\o..·s: 0) Any Inon.lft"uI I nll'l,Io<."nt·1II ......... ,'.'." .• '"""""""'...... nl ....... IlIen.-In. tnadt- 1<11" Ih.:".,~ of ,.... l.bI"~tnH .... ma1ntatnlnH chl/lb4l1ty lur .\k-dk."ald bt"lk'filS ,hall mult In INti app!..,.nt'lII ......... pitnt'. tt.'lllIln· ~t~bIe I... _" bt.-fttfi .. for .....1Od ofl ..""ly,lour Il l) monlhs..

Ild"''-nislrolif'f'

C:ud~

Rule No. 560-X·

EX<:.:pll(llls are limned 10 tr.;n;;fcrs for faIr market value. lho;e \"unh so hull' lhat thoey would nOl ca use the reIOU ....-ei limil to be ex· «."...-<1 wert' Ihe "alue oIllle propert y allr1bult-d 10 1he awhcant. and lhooit lur which cun'·lIx·,ng e\"lde~ u .. ts lhlll lh~ lmm,f"r was exclus"'ely lor ~:;. ,09(1 ).

purpost'. Id. (2) & (3). TIlls formulation fails in numerous ways 10 comply with froerallaw. The Alabama Medicaid Agency currently is consid · erin,g amending this _ lion of ils rego· IaUOO$ In an aU,,",pl 10 ml:o..'t frdrr.ol rt"O;[UI~enIS. !i<'lmf, 01 lhe ftderal· staled ISCffpanc1es are d.scuSSftllatel".

SOO\t: 0111«

The dfect 01 a tran s/I'!' of asset s under 5S1is governed b)' 4l U.S.C.'

1382b(c) and 1O C.F.R. § 416.1:M6. Fed· er.ol M,>d1Cll1d t"'n~ler of ISl;ftS rul6 for ""Y propert}' ~KC«dlllg Sll.ooo in ,'alueand forthe t",oderd a home of any "alue by a nursing hoo.!' resident areg<)"crned by42 U.S,C., lJ9Gp(c~l). Tile transfer of any OIher property under Medtcatd IS gOVerned by 551 rules pursuant 1042 U.S.C. § 1396p(1). Nole that lhe federal law states thai slat e rtgUlalions may pr(l\'ide for denial of M(..:iicaid bccau~of transfer <.>f assets. but only u nder llate regula· lions no more restncll ~ than t~o( section 139fit(l) I.,.. propert y exceedIng 512.000 III "al~and for homnof nUI"l!' ing home residents and no more rn' tricl ive lhallthose of § 138:lb(c) for all

other property. Rule No.. 560-X·l5-.09 makes nosuchdi stlnction . Theagtncy amendmenlS under consideration In· elude the dislinction. but prima rily to provide for a di.'lqualiftcall(Kl period eKcMling l4 months if tile property eKCfeds 51l.ooo tn '·al~. T he CII~nt regulations fall 10 tn· elude (but lOOse under consider.lIon include)except ion~ for tile lransfl'!'of a home to a spouse or to a child who ,s under21 yearsol • . blindor perman· ently and totally disabled lor thai per. son', use as a residenoe. SImIlarly. those regulat,on s under con~iderat'OI1 but nOl current C~Clllpt translers of homes inlended 10 be for fair market value and tho5t b)' perlIOnS w~ tn· 511tulionalizanon IS~Kpocted 10 be tern· porary and prohibot di.'lquahlications Ihal would cause undue hardship. Undue hards hip detenninalions will Include consideration of whelll« the aJlplica'l\ is a ptfWn in need of care and prol .... ll00 under lile Adult l'rot ....· t ",'e Sen'ices Act." whet~ an alternpt ha s been made 10 void'·; or 10 obtam more coml)Cn!!ation for the lransfer

ALABAMA BAR INSTITUTE .·OR CONTI NU ING l EGAl, EDUCATION is pleased 10 announ"" Ih~ publication of an all new Mari/ol Lo'" handbook. The handboo k con!llns 4SO Pllgn of valuable information and forllls. The chapten and the authors, ~d~IW for their expertise in Ihi •• rn. include:

I....... '''''''{"fW.~ _ H ....

•_ _ .o.n

._ ._--... .... ... r_._ ..

II.

1._"_"" 5<""'" .....-.

I~.

..","" C<lsm",·. SCfl'('" T. ,'ISlfAfI(A"

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and " 'hether the applicant or his rep. res.'ntam·c has exhausLed efforls 10 met( lhe awho::am', needs from Olher 1IOU1'\.'eS.

01 Lhe I11Ol\" Imponam p.m·i· III Iht federal 551 ~lalions concermng Il'1Insfer III as:lCl~ is found aL 20 C. F.It § 416.1246(aX2). whICh One

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Lhal if Lhe asset ,. rcLumed. " t he ulI(QmpenSllled value is no Iongt'1' counll.'<I as of lhe dale of return." AI · lhollJi!h lhis provision dearly applies to Ml'<l,caid nursing hon'c ~pplicanlS for Lransfers of nonhome propeny wanh $12.000 or I<!$S. nciLh~r Curren! I1(lI" draft Alaooma r<'gUlatloos mclude it. Resort lO IItigaLlon ultimately may be requirtd to obIam relief for clients pnt\'idc5

u~ L~ cir"C\lmst~nc'e5.

TW(lC(ItI1mon e... mplesof Lhe work. ings th,s pn:IIIislOn Illustrate how it s/I""ld H applied. ~lrsl. supJlo!ir Ihat Mrs. Mary Smlthgwes Sii.OOOin cash m April 10 her daUJjhtcr. Mrs. SU:>;ln Jones. Mrs. SmiLh llifon '5 adrniued toa nursing home during May and applies for Medicaid to bo.1jin inJune. (Assume that Mrs. Smit h was nO! rectiving SSf before admisslOl1. Her Sii,OOOcash hold· ings would ha"e defeated eligibility.") SuPJX)8e then IhaL Mrs, Jones leamli lhe I ransfer may cauliecligibilil)' pr0blems. and rdurns Ihl money to Mrs, Smuh lale m May. Under fedenllaw. no24·month dlsqualificallon ,,'ould be applIed. Mrs. Smuh "'ould ha'~ 10 pay is for her own care until the Spenl down 10 lhe $1.600 IImil ($3.100 if she ~t$ $1.500 m a sepal'1lle burial fund). bul she would be eligible begin· ning the monlh a fte r she "spends down." When Alaooma refustS 10 fol· low Ihis provision, Ihe "ery harsh result is a Iwo-yeM disqualification (unless the agcocy adopts tM "undue" hard~hlp el<ceplion found in the dralL r<'gUlations in this case). Of coorse. ~ rs. Smith $hould II«'k relief aL an admmiSlral]\'f heanngorin lhecoons. buL will sheor Mr"!.J(lIlf!'!I know 10lie'ek

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help? Funloermorto. ""II

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horne: wail lItVeral monlhs for pay. mem ,",'hole theageocy and llifo coons cons~ her appellt? Obviously. a great

deal of good would Te$ulL if lhe ~blic were betler informed and if the agency adopted s late r<-gulations 10 conform wilh ftderal law, In addition, knowledg· ablH'Q\lTlsel may prevem cviClion from

the nursing home If Ihe grounds and likelihood of s~ful appeal 3reC3refully ex!'ialned to lhe facility admims· tl'1ltor. In the best of circumstanc'e5. Mrs. Sml1 h and Mrs..Iones would h.a,.~ soughl the advICe of coonsel prior 10 any l1lO\'ernem III funds, and lhe gift " 'ould f\e\'~ ha"e occurr~ in the first

Seoond, SUI'\lOfje the :>;ImC set of facUi nCfpt Ihal Mr$.Joncs nner ac· tually returns Ihe $5.000 direclly 10 Mrs. Smith , bUL ,"stead pays Mrs. Smilh's nursing home and Qlher bil ls with Ihe funds. They have on their own (a s often happens) requested an admllll Sll'1lllVC hc:oring, and they lie'ek Itgal ad,'1Ce late", Ju ly upon receipt of nola lhat t lifo heanng is set for farty AuguSI . NOle th;ol this scenario ..... y Iea"e I\Irs. Smnh wilh exactly the SlIme a"ailable n50Ura:s in realilY as m the finll eumple and acLually ..... y ha,," resulted in a spend-down even bc'1ow I lifo $1 ,600 or $3, 100 mark oul 01. ignonlnce, Theonly argumenlson all' peal appear 10 be lhat Ihe moncy was. in effect. r;,L urncd as of the date of its bc'ing spenL LO pay Mrs. Smilh 's bins and I haL disqualifical ion wou ld be an undue hardship. T~agency undoubt · edly " 'ill ~ Mr"!. Smilh's appeals vIgorously. and Lhe OUU;QTnecannol be prt'JdicL<"d " 'Ith an y certainLy. If Mrs. Jones keeps the money for ~own use. 2 1·monl h5· dIsqualification is highly likely al::lstm Qlher facts. One key dlslinction mUSI be made when lhe 55.000 " lhe ~s of a oonk accounl held joinlly by Mrs. Smith ~nd Mr"!. Jones. If the money actually (not jusl legally) belonged 10 M rs.Jones ~I l along. no "transfer" has really occurred and I'O~lS section SI 01120,210 (see paragraph (II) a!m'e) should mandate a fa"orable result. buL only ,f Mrs, Jones' tlrlNaI ownershij) can bc po-oved (by tracing theoOgin of I he funds. for e>eam!'id and often onl)' afler appeal 10 lhe coons. The Ala· bitma Coun 01 Ci"il Appeals has ad· dressed Lhisquelion l...n. but agency ,merpretalion of lhe case remains decidedly ad,-erte 10 applicants. In i1aKJ(iulIIH'. "'ill~" 437 So.2d 557 (Ala. Civ, ,\pp.). (tr/. d~nird. No. 82·911 (Al a. 1983), the coon hdd that when applicant's daughler wil hdrew money

from joinL bank acoounts (held in apphcant and h~ daughter's n311l1!$). applicam had made no "tl'1lnsf~"to her daughler. Ihus making the ··Iransfer" of resources rulH inapplicable. In Mil/ff. the facts seemed to indicate lhal flfarly alilhe ITIOfl(')' in question was ;octually accumulalM by appli· cam's daughter in tile firsl place. bul tM coon slaled Ihis was ··interesling 10 nOle." btll ··not determinative." f1f, at :.59. Tile facti also seemed 10 indio catclhal applicam'sdaughterhad paid much of her mothers expenses for many years. Ob\'iously. the COUrt could have relied on I'OM S section SI 01120.210 10 ..... ndale eligibility be<:aUK Ihe 1l"IOne)' at/ ..all, belonged to applicant'Sdaughler all aJong.lnsttad. lhecoun Sla!<"d broadly tllal no "trans· f~" occurred when applicant's daugh· t~ as a joInL accoum hoId~ ··wllhdrew the funds a5 she had a legal right to do." Ja. In Flanna.tin~. HoxxianQ. 462 So.2d 931 (Ala. Civ. App. 1984), arl. de"ird. No. 84·61 (Ala . 1985). Judgt'S Bradley and Iioimes restated thc Millufonnu· lation, but prt$idingJ udge Wrighl dis· sentl-d, fearing "Ihat tm, majority opinion lea'· ... [11he door ... opened for the UK of joinl accounls wilh lransfers by one ot her I han lhe applicam 10 be freely made withoul fear of disqualiflcaLion." fa. al 934. J udge Wright "'ould h;o"e .-..quir«l"oonvioc· ing" t\·idence from applicanL Ihal the I ransf~ "'as made l'>IcI usi,-er y for some ~f\l(ISe other than for tslablishing Medicaid eligibility. Neither I lifo major· ily nor Iht dissenting oJJinion ga"e more th"n scanl al tenlion to Ihe origi· nal actual ownershij) of lhe funds. but the major;I)' did analYle lhe rclaled question whelher theag.:ncy should be alJov,.'ed loapply all Ihe funds in a;o;m account to one ow~r. Although per. haps no! dlrecLly al issue in FlannQKin. the ma,iorily 5lat<"d Oatly thaI "il is I'I'TO( \0 i"~ such a restrictive int~· pmal oon III Ru Ie No. 56(). X-25-.()i .. , "" /d. al 933. Clearly. tlifo Coun 01. Ci"il Appeals finds agl!ncy inl~lalion of ils joim bank account rules overly reslrictive; howcver, Judg<: Wright's dissenling opinion 5el'1ies as a warning lhal not every joint 3ctQunt wilhdrawal will

~ss mUSler, Furthermore, lheagency

penisls in itl o ..... n reading of F/Qn· nqill. so lhal e-'en Ihe sLJ<.:tt!lsfu] lilipnllNlY spmd years in,'Ol"1!<! in admlnislnlllive and judicial appeals ~ fore finally e5labl i.hi ng eligibi]il y• U n· lillhe appllrenl connict bet ..... een lhe agency and lhe C(lUn$ clearly is reo salvI!<!. lransactions 0( Ihis sort should be avoidl!<! ..... hene-'er possible. The "oonvincingevidence" rule men· lionl!<! by Judge Wrighl may not al· ..... ays be Iheobsllcle il seems. Cases in ..... hich the evidence clearly shows lhe lransfer ..... as made at a time ..... hen lhe applicanl had absolutel y no expectation of admiuion to a nursing home can be won at the admin;slralh'e hear· ing level. Evidence. for example. that tile admission ....as procipitatrd by a st roke and that the transfer pre.oiatrd the siroke s hould show tile transfer ....as made exclusively for some purpoSe other than 10 establish eligibilit y. Unfort unately. the agency is very dif· ficult to convince on this issue. especia ll y ..... hen the applicanl has had a history of chronic mrdical problems. The very f~ct that the applicant is el· derly and has been hospilalitl!<! near the limeal the transfer may be enough to result in a negalive administrative hearing decision. lhe agency apparentlybelitvilllihal such per90IIS havea natura] inclination loconsider the JI08' sibi]ity of a n ursing home admiss>on. Thus. althouah the burden of proving the tnlllsfer wu made exclusively for some purpOle other than to establish Ml!<! icaid eligibilily is diffICUlt to meet. it is not impossible. l. Perhaps future litigat ion ..... ill yield decisions that begin to clarify the la ..... in this area. One approach to avoiding problems associalrd with tmnsfers is the use of ",n'lIrN aglft'lTlenls to transfer pr0perty in exchange for care or for lhe pa.yment 0( liviOj' expenses. Past com· pen$at>on is not considered compen$a· t>on by lheaatncY unless it is pursuant toa previously txtcutl!<! ..... ritten agreement. ThUs. the common prac!1oe in many famIlies 01 c hildren supportiOj' ~hei r parent$ wilh the understanding thatlhe parent ', property .... ill eventu· ally ~ dcedl!<! to the children will IW)\ be COIIsiderl!<! by the agency in determining ..... hether property has been transferred for less than fair market

Nominations Open for 4th Annual EdwardJ. Devitt Award for Distinguished Service to Justice

.o..kM.... or.:! ~ 01_" "Prconoo~

and prOIeclro!l

dignolll and eflect _ _ 01 tho A...-.an legal

.u..Ionst oonribulll)nJ 10 I.... ~ 01 tho adrronoo\",tion 01 justa"

• A liYins 1l'\OI'MJnwn1 to I...... ,ongth ¥XI vitolity 01 tho co.-.tuuti<>n 01 tho U""ed 5t ......

Such word. dn<;ri!:>e past winners of the Edward J , DeviI1 Distinguished Service 10 Justice A.....ard: 1982 ~ Albert B. Maris. seruor judge of the United States Coon 01 Appeal. lot the Third Circuit: 1983 _ Walt"", E. Holfman, seNor judge oIlhe United Slales Dislnct Coon. wlem Division: 1983. a SpiKial Award to Warren E. Borger. cNefiulll«oItho U1UIedSlales; aodin 1984. Fraok M. Johnson.J •. , circuit judge 01 !he Uno,e:! Stliles Coon 01 Appeals lor lho lith Circuit. Nominarionl lor the Iounh anrw.aI.Devin AW¥d /ll'e 1lOo'JopeI\. The _d. canying "" honorarium 0/$10.(XXl. is made avaiabIe by Wett f'uttIiNwogComPMll in the name 0/ Edward J. Devitt, tong.time chid U.s. district judge lor the District 01 Minne:sOIa. Judge Devin wiIlsetVf!, with Justice lewis F. PoweI, J r., oIlhe Supreme Coon and Chief J..dge James R. Browning 01 the N.,th Circuit Cou" of Appeals. 10 select the award winner for 196&. The .......... rd ...... eslablished 10 recogoize thededicated public: ieNO::e 01 ~ 0/ lhe federal judic:i<ory. All federal judges appointed uoder Anic~ Jll of lhe Constitution are eligible lecipietllS. Any interested person may submit a nomination. Entne. thouId be in writ ing a nd shookl list: examples oIle,)dership in improving court administration. effectiveness in improving discOWlY practice or accomplishment 01 any professional I>Clivi1y contribuling to lhe adv.mcttmmt 01 ;"slic,,_ N~iont lor lhe 196& ~ thouId be submilled by November 30. 1985. to: Dcv>n Dittinguisl>ed Service to Justice A_d, P.O. Box 43810, St. Paul. MN ~164.

I. (.ISI. \Tln: WR.\P·l P

(F.....

,..,m)

Mi sceJlane{ju s Acts. Pa~sed D\lring Second !Spe<:ial SC ssJOn 1985

or the 475 billl introduced in (hesewnd special sess>on, numerous local bills were approvl!<!. but only 48 bills of st~tewide concern ..... ere approvrd. Several of the approvl!<! bills merit review. Fi rst. senale bill 44 amendl!<! Sections ]5-8-8. ]5-22·5001 (he Codeo/ Aloro ma loallow thecoun togrant sp]il sentel1Ce$ for conviction~ of up to 15 years. Previous ly (he coun's aUlhorilY logrant s plit sentences was limitrd losemencesof up 10 10 yea~. Second, senate bill 109 amends the rules oIthe road sot hat hit and run driven. in accidenlS involvingdealhor per.IOIIal injury will be punis hed as a Class C friony. Three additional bills ...·ere aP\lfll"·I!<!. house bills 72. 91 and 133....~ prop05e\t by the Alabama Department or Pt:nsions &. Sec:uriliK. They amend and further provide for enforcement of support payment including extending the C(l\'n-age of severa] Alalwna support Ia..... s to erocompa.ss alimony as well IS child support when DPS is providing support. Parties in divoou itCIionl are prohibitl!<! from ...·aiving garnishment order-s. Further· rt1()U. Slate tax refunds may ~ offset to satisfy child support or alimony debllowrd any individual se,.,,1!<! by DPS. Further discussion of t~ acts .....ill follow in the next Alooonro WM/YU. 0

~alue

unless the agreement has beo:n reducro to writing and is legally en· forceable. In the real world. this son of agreement is usually oral and its tenns Dften vague. Families need tD knDw that unless they execute binding written agreements. they may find thaI. althDugh they have spent tens of thousands Df dDllars caring for and supporting their parents. the family home will ha"e tD be sold and Ihe pi"(> cet-ds spent paying Iheir parents" nurs' ing home bills before Me-dicaid will become available. Because even the most careful plan· ning may not prevenl the initial denial Df a Me-dicaid application.Dr.eneeds ID be familiar with the proce-dures fDr appeal. Firsl. a written request fDr a hearing mUSI be received by the agency within 60 days Df the adverse decision. -rhe agency reportedly is considering reducing this to) 45 days. If the clai· mant currently is receiving Medicaid benefits. the request must be receive-d within ten days for the benefits to) con· tinue pending the outcome of the hear· ing. Adm;"islral;'., Codl Rule ND. 560-X·2S-.03(5). Although anyone over 18 yearsof a~ may practice befOl"<! Ihe agency, id. Rule ND. 560-X·26- .01. a wriuen appointment (If representative must be eXecute-d by the claimant if competent or his guardian. a member Df his immediale family. (lr his "sponsor:'" Thi s aJ>ll()intment must oontain auth(ll"iza· liDn tD receive notices and confidential information and must indude the apphcan(s name and Medicaid or Social Security number fd_ - 02. -rhe agency's standard f(lrm is found at Rule ND. 560-X·28-.01 .(16). Financial ehgibility hearings are usually held in thedistrict DfficeDf the Me-dicaid agency. The rulesof evidence are those used in civil nonjury cases. /d. -26-.01. Thehearingsareconducte-d by hearing officers appoinle-d by Ihe agency, who are empowered Dnly tD make recommendations tD the oommissiDner , who is the final hearing authority. /d. ·3-.01(2). One should nOle that the Ulmm;ssiDner'~ rDle is nOl merely f(ll"mal. She will on many occa· sions "nonconcur" in the hearing of· ficer's findings, even when both the hearing Dfficer and the agency attor·

neys at the hearing agreed with clai· mant"s lIOSition at the hearing_ Thus. oounse! must be careful tD infDnn the chent that, even after a favorable rul. ing by the hearing officer at the timeDf the hearing. the final agency decision may be unfavorable.

Second, a rehearing may be requested within 15 days Df an adverse decisiDn by theUlmmissioner. Code of A/a/>amo § 41-22-1 7. This step in the process is Dptional and is usually useless unless new evidence can be submiue-d with the requc;;;t Dr simply tD buy time befDre proceeding ID a judicial appeal. Third, a notice Df appo>al must be sent the agency within JOdays Df the adverse decision Df the commissioncr on hearing or rehearing. Finally, a petition for review must be filed in circu it court within JOdays Df t he filing of the notice of appeal. (d. § 41-22-2O(d). TheAlabama Medicaid Agency mUSt be named as thedcfendanl in Ihe peti · tion for review. (d. §41·22·2O(h). The review is conducted by theoourt (lIl the record, and no new evide""" may be presented unless theoourt detennines that material evidence exists and that good reaS(ln exists for its nOl having been presented at the hearing. !d. § 41·22·2O(i) & (j). One Df the majDr points Df conten· tion bet ween the agency and claimants concerning financial eligibility is the value allriiJuted ID property_ Agency rules state t hecurrent market value Ill" real estate is the appraised value given it by the local lax aSse5S(1r. Adm;~is· Ira I; 'oe Code Rule N(I. 560-X· 25- .06(3)(3). Because many Dlder persons are en· tirely exempt from ad valDrem ta~a tion on their homes. most of them have prDbably ignored the tax assessor's appraisals in recent years. If the oondi· tion Df the property has deteriorated. this appraisal may be significantly out Df line. The best pract ice is tooblain a reductiDn in the appraised value Ihrough the tax assessor Df the board Df adj u stment IH/o .e applying fDr Medicaid. Eligibilil y will be based on t heclaim· ant's equity value in the property, i.e., the current market value less any recorded lien s and encumbrances. Apllarently, this includes liens filed by

the agency on il1C(lmC'pnxiucing or Dther property s till held by the cla im. ant but exempt fwm t he r~sou1"CC!; cal· culations." l'ropcrty not made exempt under one Df the prDvisions previ(lusly discusSt.-.:l will prubably ha"c 1(1 be !\Old and the proceeds expended to pay fDr the claimant's care if the equily ,'alue e xceeds Ihe $1.600 resources limit. Coun>;el should be aware that sales at prices significant ly belDW the t.,<!uity values thus establish~-.:l will be scru1in· ized closely by the agency. especially if the buyer is a reiat i"e. The value attributed to life COItates is contested "ery frequentlj'. Agency rules state the value Df a life estate is the equity value Df the whDle property multiplied by the percentage listed beside the life tenanl's age in the IRS regulations at 26 C.F.R. § 20.2031.10.<1 I:\.ecause th~ tables appear to assume a life expectancy (If 109 years, the r~" suit is uniformly ridiculDus. Of course most lay pen;ons and cert ainly most real estateellperts know that nomarkct e xists for life c;;;tates, especial ly those Df the very Did: ronvincing the a.<,-ency Df this is except ionJlI y difficult. Statements from real estateexpert s whcJ are familiar with the properly should be sufficient tD rebut the value at tributed by the agency, especially after Ihe decision in (;olhroll v. Waf/ace. ND. $3V·9\33·N (M.D. Ala, Feb. S, 1985), in whiCh the COUrt held that the use of ,'alues based Dn the IRS tables tD the exciusi(ln of actua l cvidence Df the Dpen market value (If life estat es violates the Social Securit j' Act. The agency has not amendt.-.:l its rult'S in line with the decision and oontinues vigorously to oppose any assertion Df value (lther than that ba,.,.! (lIl the tabl~'S. Use Df statement s from realtDrs is sometimes successful at administrative hearings, but not uni · formly so. Apparently only successful class litigation will resoh'c this problem, which is particularly conlmon because Df the large number (If persons holding life C!;tates as a result (If a spouse Dr Jl3rent"s having die-d intes· tate before the adoptiDn Df the new probate code. The problem is p;trtku· lady eggregious because the property cannDt really be sold for the amount specifie-d by the agency. Shall ,,'e aSSume that you nDW ha"e

(;0''''0''

.u~fully maneu\'er"N your way through t~ "Serbooian bog" and Ihal your client is eligible for Medicaid in the nursing home? Is il I ime 10 ~alhe a huge sigh of relief and to dose th\case> Unfonunatei)". probably not, You will soon hear from t~ family that they still a~ being presenled with bins from nurs'"g home Ihat they can· not afford. What happcnc<l? Mcdl(llld don not poly t~ enll~ nursing home bill, First, a personal h· ability amount is 'leI, which is gener· ally the clil'l1I'S emire ",cume minus $25 and an)' amoum u!;O.'(i 10 pay SUp' plememal health insumnce premiums.. IId",i~i.<lmlilY' CIII/r ~u le No, 56Q.X· tr~.IO(J), This personal liability must be paid the nursinghom~t'OCh month, MedICaid then pays remaindft' of lhe MedICaid basic pel" diem mte for co"ere<! ..cr vicl'S_ ESlI('nt'ally, this lea""" t hecllent wit h $25 per mont h tu pal! for ~al needs, This situ311un would be manag<.>abie ,f all the necessary sen'~ w~ C<,l\" CTed, Man y of them aTt' not. The most common problem is that a personal laundry charge(not for "'ashing linens or hospilal gowns, simply for washing personal clothmg!1 of beI"'ref) $15 and 570 per month will bechargcd unless the famIly ~ thc laundry, which often is imlXlSSibie becau!jC of facility rules reqUlrtng daily pickup before s ix ~,m. in so.nt cases. Nut, many Pfl.'5' cription drugs and .....-en UX)'gen are not co,'crt'<l by Medicaid. Somf of 1he mo.;t expen ~ivcdrugs, .uch as 'l'altamct, a~ not em'end; COUjj:h and cold remcd,ts are not co·,ered. In facl . &OI'Il(' Medi· ""td~lgtblc n..,.tdcm sof nun;lng homes have nOf1C(Wefl!d bins 01 more than 5200 per month! The "SIIOI'ISO''' ' will ha'·e to PilY the differffi«' bet ""<'eIl lhe a,·ailablc S25 and the aClual bill. Most families know "'hal to "peet on the pcn;onal lauoory chal"K'!, but few art prcPil ......:I for the bills for the other nun · CU\'.,.-ed items. What can be dooe? Firs!. auempt toconVtnce thc tml' Ing phYSICian to Pl'l!!lCT1be equ,,-a1eru covCTed drugs. If noneCK1StS. ask him to apply for "prior authorization" from Mt'dicaid to ha"e I he noncovtred drugs CO'o'ercd ba!;O.'(i on medal roecessity, St:oond. make sure CO\'crcd liel"VicdI are not belOit billed as nooco,·ertd items. Some facilities ha"c allempted

t"'"

to bill for It ems such as aspirin. tOOlh· paste. ordin~rl' shampoo and wash ust-..:Ito prevent bedsort'S e"en though these ilents are included in thc basic Mooatd per doem "'I e. Finall y. apply

1011le Mtdicaiddfu tuha~thedient'l personal habllity reduced by the amount of the bi ll for nunco,'ered !JIrd· itll/ expense!< \nuI including personal ,tems such b lauoory). ThISdeduction IS mandatory under 42 C.F.R. § 435. 7'IS,'" and appeal if denIed, Onc final problem occasionally aris· ing in computing the JlCrsonal liabilu y ,5 whethercourt-ordered ahmony can bedeductl'd. Under Admlllwmli""ONk Rule No. 56Q.X·25-.10(3Xb). the main· tenance needs of the "S]lOllse and de· peoo.nt$ living oulside the facility" may bedfductfd. 01 cou~,a f~r spouse is flO( • "spouse:" I\ovo'('\'ff. is a f~r spouse a "dependent" when a

court has awarded alimony? T he an· $wer may awearwhen Til/wdf v, Ala· !xuna Mtditaid Agflft)'. No. CV·SS· 001903 (Mobile County CiT. Ct .. liltd July 10.198S) isdecided. This enumeration of IJ(Ime of the numerous complexi ties and traps as· liOCiated with Medicaid rules un Ihe treatment of lhe inoome and TQOUrtt\l 01 nursill,ll home f"nldents may con· vince the reader Judge Friendly was CI:lrTfCt in stali ng Medicaid is " almost unintelligible to the unini liated," It should aliSO challenge memb('rs of the bar to;o.n lhe ranks 01 the initiated. Thousand s of pnlSptCI,,'e dients will Sfekour helpin t~ years ahead. They deser\'e and desperately nted legal ad· viet of the highesl quality when they race lhe "monoss of bureaucratic com· plexity·· d Medicaid. 0

WE WANT YOU TO JOIN OUR SPEAKERS BUREAUl

'" "

interest«i in toerVing on the 1IPUk· will endeavor to provide ~ from the _ canrruWv or general area from which a requesl for a Speaker ill .eceiYed. AI requests .... to. hano:Ied t~ the ~ Stat.. Bar Heaclqua.rte~ If you are interesl«i in serving as , member ollhe speaker's bur..au please fill out lhe following form and r..· tum it 10 lhe At..bam/I St~te Bar. P.O, Box 4156. Monlgomery. Alabama J6101.

SPEAKER'S BUREAU APPUCATION N... _______________________________________________ Firm Name (of Add~M

appIic~bIe)

______________________________

______________________________________

City _____________ Te~~

" " 31

Stat· ~

_________ L,, ________

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

FOOTNOTES "n _

01. ... 0diea0"1ong· ... m <&<" """'"OlIO

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•_ _ _

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itt'

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<Ioduc1ion optional willi .... """" $0 F"", Reg. 10.1192 I.... cn '9, , 9&5). .,... "'" Pf'II'O$OI hao ~. fir.......", 01 <II>P<>OitiO<'- CoJi!O<tIlO ..... ,..,.,.., ",""'0<1 ., _ "'" - - . . _ •. Ron .. No. C·ao_~~ SC (N,D. Col. Mar<:II"l2. 1985).

",opooed .,

BE A BUDDY

,,.

rf>l F.l'd 955

(II", Cio-. 1985), A~...d;" W<<enII"/ "" ..,. moM lot. _ on .... merits. " " ' _ "'"

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4~, lOOI!.

1382!0)(1KtlI1So.w. 19851

tIoo ., $1.700/ $2,500 lot , _ $' .800/$2.700 lot 198': $' ,900/

''T",~,_"" ~_

$2MO tor lilI\$: .... $2.000/$3,0 00 101 . 989 and boyond./d. f 138210)(31,

,_ ",," _ 'eo ••,.... '.""' ....n

gram" to prOoJide newer bar members a fellowlawyer lhey may consuk ~ they ooniront a problem, need 10 ask a question. or simply lIIan! direclions 10 the court house. If ~ are a lawyer who has recently begun a practice and would like 10 meet a Iawye-r in your area to caD on occasionaDy for a hand, or ~ ~ are the more e" PE" rienood practitioner with valuable inforrnalion and advice you're wiling to shar.!, I*ase complete and relum the form below. Your parI'c. ipalion in this prOgfam will certainly benefit the bar /1$ a whole.

10 _Il0l ... F", .>ample. ~ on """"OcIuaI ow,,"

on """"""1>;00 ,,""" $MOO ' M _

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oquitf ."'''''" i10 C.f,R. !i "8.1218(b~31, Coo:io'" 38-9- ' ., -11 (Supp. 196011.

"AIo-

''U_ ... '$-9,'2 '" 5 35-"2 119751 payo!of ""'ling """'" D' .,...,.... Imm "'" date '" _ "" per ...... a""""Y <e<eMnv S$l, "'" <>AI\' kOM ""' .... <loy 01 "'" '"""'" IoIIoo<o>ing a d _ ! o f "",,·SSI

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1ies!O< "'" """.S$l _

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Local Bar Activities and Services Buddy Program Application

S 10.000

it. 53.50001 "'" marko< volue{!t>o dille<....,. ...... _ $MOO 54.500 .. _ , \WI

Local Bar

Activities and Services is sponsoring a "Buddy Pr&

N... ____________________________________________________

-r 10.... _ are , • . quired"1t>on CO<I ""'1 w " ' _ Dy 0<" ......

""" wOelh«. a' "'"

Firm Na ..... (if applicable) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __

Address Cit !! _ _ _ _ _ _ State _ _ _ _ _ Zip _ _ __ Tekphone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ D N_~er

o Experienced lawyi!.

Please ~Iurn to: Alabama Sta le Bar, P.O. 80,. 4156, Monlgo ..... ry, Alabama 36101.

~CO

ORARY I.I'I1GATION SERIES The C<mtemporary Utigation Seri~ consists of expertly written handbook! ~nd lrealiaes on specific ty~ of cases and aspects of COtlrtroom pract~, Tht latest titk>s in the Series include: MAN N'S MEDICAL HANDBOO K FOR LITIG AT IO N By Arnold Mann, 1985 Appx. 575 p<lges, hardbound. iUuslr;ued

... 550.00-

Provides all the b.>dcground iruonrullion you nf't!d to handle medical aspert5 of civil Htig;otion. Written in romprehensible, laYIN"'S terms k> help you unde .... 5tand and speak with ronfider><e about all typo!S of Injuries. dise"ses, and medical conditions. Includes Mini Dktiona'Y of medical temu and exhaust"... index,

AIRCRA SH LITI GATIO N TECHNIQ UES By o..niel C. Calilcar!, 1985 515 pagt't, hardbound, Ulustrated ........... $65.00A step-by-step guide from investigation of the Krident 10 judsment. Explains invnligation and reron-

struction

you can confidently

inu~rpret

---

investigative

... ports and physico.l evidence. Includes practical advicl1 on pr....-ticl1 and pl'OCftlurt', di!I('Qvny. trial tedtniqun, and uK of experts. SOCIAL SOENCE RESEARCH METHO DS FO R LITIG ATI O N By DonaJd E. Vill$(ln and Philip K. Anthony, 198.5 488 pagn, hardbound ..........•........... SotS.OO' Designed to help you interpret fOCiIl .......""" rrsearch results and chaUenge rese~rch findings damag· ing to your client. Di~un the kind s of statistical analysis occurring in f"idf""" and testimony in such comph:~ ~re~s u product liability, antitrust, doss action suits, and breach 01 contra(!. INDUSTRI AL lOW BACK PAI N By Sam W. Wiesel, Henry L Feller and Richard II . Rothman, 1985 781 pages, hardbound, illuSlTated ........... $60.00' A compilation of articles on every Issue in this com· plex field. Discusse. medical. legal, insu rance, and n-gulalory a.pects of low Nck pain management. PreSl'fl15 a SUondardiud. objective method for "'ting the 5l'Verily of low back pain.

-THE

MICHIE COMPANY

~~~~~~.::.; l ~ "4 PUB LI SHER S OF THE CO DE O f ALA BA M A

For customer service contact; JAMES R. SHROYER P.O. Box 717 ' Pelham, AL 35124 (2051 )26-9899

O. nil toll · l_

1-300 It &30110

Recent Developments Concerning Eligibility for Social Security Disability "

J .F. Janeek y

oes this sound familiar? A prospective client comes to j'OU seeking aid to obtain Social Security disability payments. He or she is approximately 45 years old. but

looks much older. and suffers from a wide "ariety of physical and mental im pairments. Considering the age and variety of disorders. you are reluctant

to takelhecase. You know from experience the secretary of Health and

Human Services, as well as adminis· trative law judges, have applied the age grids almost mechanically and conclusively. Furthermore. they tend to view each ailment of the claimant separately in their determination as to eligibility , The prQSpeets of a favorable outcome here do not look good. Yet. it is obvious the prospective client needs somt sort of assistance. What should

alely to the administrative law judge. If the ailment. considered thusly. was not of sufficient se"erity to entitle the claimant to disability coyerage. the next ailment would he presented, the same determination made and 5<l on until theclaimant was (usually)denied

ooverage. What the new amendments provide is that the ailments must be consi· dered i" 1010 Wdetennine eligibility. At least one 11th Circuit decision has !Je<,n handro down which contemplates the working of the statute. In R~,'(lS v, lIeckltr, 734 F. 2d 519 (lIth CiL 1984). the claimant suffered from a variety of impairments: degenerath'e joint disease , chronic pain associated with the degeneratiOll, loss of hearing, chest

pain and various mental di5<lrdcrs. The administrative law judge. considering each ailment separately, denied coverage. T he district C()\ln affinned. On appeal. the 11th Circuit vacated and remanded for a determination of whether the ailments. considered together, would entitle the claimant to disability, While you may be convinced the claimant's ailments, considered as to their cumulaliye effect . may be of suf· ficient medical severity to entitle him lodisability. you still areroncerned his age may prevent him from obtaining coyerageunderthegrjd scheme. While he suffers from a variety of disorders which w()\lld enable an older person to disability, under the age grids, he may

you do? You might ta ke the case. Recent amendments to 42 U.S ,C. §423(dX2) (A)&(C) provide good supporting ammunition for yourcase, As amended in 1984. §423(dX2XA)&(C) state that in the detennination of whether a claim· ant's physical and mental state are of a "significant medical seyerit)'." the se· cretary shall consider the ,ombi~ed rl {tx:t of all the claimant's impairments. Formally, the secretary wuuld at· tack the claimant's eligibility by presenting each particular ailment separ·

j.E

Ja~ecky grodwoted {TOm the U~ilcd Sioles Air Fora Academyond Ihe U~i''lmiityo{ Alabomo Schwlo{Low, He is a porl~" w'ilh the MoI>iltfirm of NellleJ, Borker&Ja~oclry a~d is a ItUlm~r of the Commillu o~ lLgllI Nuds o{ the Elderly,

n.oI be due coverage, The determina' tion of the e Xtent ol disability often involves a good deal of s ubjective anal · ysis. paniculady in lhe area of mental disordotn. Administrati,~ law judges. consequent ly. ha" e relied on lhe age grid s as one 01 the more concrete and ~ive reasons fordenyingcoverag!'. practically to the paint of making the grids conclusive. However. re.:enl cases have held that age must 001 be used conclusively. Initially, the secretary lTI3y use the grids in thedetermination as towhether or not to gram coverage. [n cases where coverage would be denied be· ClOUse of the age grids, the claimam may prOd.- evicknce IlIat his ability loadapt loa new work environment is more limited than that es tablished by the grids. [n OIher words. the courlS nmo.' r«(I(Iniu the prr!iOf1. bfcause of his physical and Trn'ntal state. may be older than his chronolOl{iClOI age. Thus. a youngtr person may ~m tvi· denct which ""ooid take himself OUI of his chronological age grid (a position on the grid which would deny cover· age) to place himself in an older age group, a position on the grid which would pos$ibly pennit CO"o"ff3gl". The amendments to 42 U.S.c, (d) (2) (A) & (Cl and I he court's lreat· ment 01 Ihe amendments present a more humaneand realisticappooach 10 deciding ,,·hether or n.oI a penon is e ntitled 10 Social Security disability coverage, It is onty kJgical thai COIIrtS. which must consi<ler a persoo's age. edU(."3tion and work upe~. or the tOlal penon. as well as the physical and menta l Slate. shou ld consider all laclon together 10 determine the cu· mulati.-eeffOCI. Applying theagtrrids mecllanically and rigidly creates a situ· ation where a I'oung person with the same disabilities as a n oIo:kr ~ could be denied OOI'erag!'. The amend menls and cue law now prevent Ihis injus· lice from happening. As a final impelus to lake the case. you might lau interest in 28 U.S. C.A.§(d)(I)(A) & (B). the Equal Access to J u st~ Act. which provides that a prevailing party in a s uit against the United States may rttm'er fe6 and OIher e"pen$eS where "the position of the UnIted Stat" " 'as not substan· tiall y justified:' The Equal Access to

JustICe Act has be>en held applicable 10 diu bility detennination s under the Social Securit y Act BJolltM11I: P. Hle/t·

ll,.586 F.Supp. 903 (D.c' Colo. 1984)

Generally. the standard olthe "IU' sonable litilllllion allomey"' is to be used by theoourts lodetermine whether tM p'ernment's position in defmd· ing its refusal to grant benefits "'as

substantially jus tified . The amount of attorney fees recoverable is set by sta· lute at $75 per hour. The number of hours elaimed by the SUOCf$$ful attor· ney must be reasonable. Finally. at · toxnt)' fees and other upenses may be taken on top 01 any award for past due

benefits.lAl't P. IIfdln. S88 F. Supp. \346(M.D.Ala.I964) 0

Resource Manual Tho! Alabama SUite Bar Conwnillee on legal SeMces lor the Ek\erIy is prepiIring a mem~ of lhe bar and ott- profeMional. Involved in counseli ng wnior ci~l"II. Allomeyll oflen are UNlware 01 agen;:in and private org;rizations proyidir,g &5oIistanI:a to thm elderly cknta., and the conwriuee teekI to ff lhat void.. Tho! resoutc:e manual will include Hlings lor bar relO1"l'lll wMcll!S, pro bono bar programs, legal Som.i.::es Corporation olflClI!S and ~ coo .....1for the e\dmy oHkes. II aIIo wiI COWT medical, recreational, income suboAcIy, eharitable and ott- misedafle. QUI resources. listingS wiI be by county or wrvice _ 10 assitt ~ in finding the age.lCin and orgarluItions in their locale. Each organization" Q;ting wiI include a brief descripllon of .... rviceuvailahle, alongwtth theorganizalion'uddressand phone

rnourc" man"",1 for distribution to

......

" As !he resource manual hal not yet bern published. aro,o:lflI! interesled in proWing the comrriuee with input concerning raources avaUbIc in their _1'1 should I;0Il1""1 Marg/lrel Helen Young. 215 We" Alabama Slreet, Fiorel'lCe, Alabama. 35630, (205)

76U11OO.

Introduce Your Clients to a Valuable Service. RL--tcr them to Busine!l!i Valuation Services tOr expert determination of fuir mark<.:t ,':I1l1(O of businesses, and financi.11 :uu.I)"sis and COIt'llIlooon in cw:s of:

a f".5tate planning

o Ettate scttkme:n t o M a rital dissolut)o\l$ a IUa.pita.lizations o Employa: stcxk ownership plans

0 & nkruptcy proceedings 0 M~(>rac:quisit)ons 0 Buy-scU agrccmmts a Dissident swc:kholdasui ts

Comxt Dr. John H . Davis, III 4 OffICe P:atk Ci~k • Suite: 304 • Bimlingham, AIalnnu 3 5223 P.O . 80" 7633 A • Binningh~"" Alabama 35253 (205) 870-1026

cle opportunities

14 th

Jr PSYCHOLOOY OF A TRIAl. BirTTWIg~enoo CMc Center ~ by. ~ B¥ lostltute for ContIro.ing ~ EOucttioo1 cmn:.: ~O Cost: $75

1gei5 SU RIJEY OF AUl.BAMA lAW

von er..... C/vk Center. H..,tsvIlle Sponsmd by. AIlOImI B¥ Insdtute fix-

'""""" "" """""

CI'IOO:I.: 40 Cost: $75 For Irtormotiart (ZOS) 3~9 6230

for

~ (20S1 3"~9"""'''.

PSVCHOI.OOY Of II. TRIAl. CMc t.rt.. Moo~IIO'".. y Spoo ....... by. ~ BIt Instrt1M fa"

ContIIUI'9l..eg11

EWc;JticfI

emits: 15.0 Cost: S7S For 1nIormotion: (ZOS)34&tiZ30

......

LJX:Al. OO'IERNMEHT PR06I£M5

SjoQQiICI by. ~

-....-

I.fO'I

For Irtormotiart (214) 6iIO-2377

....

FUND.I.MEHT...ui 01' 8AHKRlJPTCY LAW

""""'"

SpooOOOf<l by. AIJ·oISA cr.r:b 20.9 Cost: S3&O

For WormIticrI: (2 1Sj 2.G 1600 I".ANNI~ ZONING AND EMINENT

00....," DoIbirtrIo 1m. Din..

IU~

1985 SURVEY OF ALABAMA LAW ().IaI1t}' 1m. AIrport Blvd .. MobIle Spo,",o,ed by. Alabama Slr- Iostjtute fa" CondI'lJIng ~I EIlI.ation

CttdIts< 5.0 Cost: S7S For ~ (205) 348 62:lO

2 F'EOEl\AL TAXCUNIC

DEl'ENOING THE UNPOI'IJI.AlI WENT CurnOo!rIind ScfIIXII of ,",w.1lirrnIngI'Iam Sponsored by. Cumt.\aM Ir'I$tltIM for ru:

""InIcrmItIon: '" For

,........

Sjx>1kII1Cl1Iy: ~ ~I Fa- In1cn'Ntk:Ir< (2 14) f!BO.23Tl

(205) 870-<'B65

19as SU RVEY OF AlABAMA LAW

CMc Ceota-. MonIgomery Sjx> ..... by. ~ Sir 1!'lStin.u fir ~ t.eoaI Edoot3OOn Cndits: M Cost: $75 For II'IIarmIIiDn: (20S) 3'8 62:lO

SECURED 1iH00NG ~

s,x. ..... ed by.1CtE<;f~

"""""

Fer WorrnItIon: (<<14) 542·2522

~c.-. l.tWenityd-""

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Spool5OOiICI by.1..WYnty r.t -..... Alabama SocIety of O'A>, ~ Stm! 60r and tho AIatI¥N Bar Institute fa" UE

0'Idn::I: l.le

For In~ (205) 348P22

CIVIL RICO UTlGAMN MarrIOtt Marq<Jis, New YorI< Ot)' Spon!OOtd by. AU ·ABA Far Inforrr.atXn (215) z.G1600

,3 'iday

10-13

5-7

_em -

SECURmE:S REGULATION NEGO'IlATION,ASYSTEMATlC APPROACH Noo~'NeStem School ofllrw, C~ SW ... l'd

lhe~DalIas ~

Nati(lnaI lnstIMI' for Trial

""'C/'e(Iits< lao Cost 5550

tly:

l.e9aI

For Inforrnat!m, (2 14 ) 690-Zln

For Wormatlorlo (3 12) 9C&a932

ENDOF YEARTAX PlANN ING CUmbmand School of lmY. Bi"'""'.lhilm Sp:mored by CUrnbel1ilncl lnstitute for Cl.E

"'"

For InfQ:Tnatlon, (205) 670-2005

1 Z thursda

TRIAL TACTICS

TRIAL TACTICS Birmingham-Jei'Ie<lion CMc CeIlter

eM< Center. Mon~ SIn _01<I by. ALabama Bar Institute for

Spoo ... Ed tIy Alabama CootioulrlQ

Bar Institute lor LI!9oI EWcatloI'l

Credits: 7.5 Cost: 575 For InformatiOt1: (lOS) 3' 8 6?30

CAPITAL UTlGATION ~PIa ... Mobi~

Bar. Alabaml Criminal Defense Lawyers ~tIatioo3I ASs:Xi3tlorI of Criminal iNfense~"'" tIleSoullll!m I'IM!rtyL1wCenter

Sponsored by: Alabaml State

COf1tintlng Legal E"JlooItion

Creditso 7.5 Cosi:o $75 f or IrrfnrTnation, (205) J48..623O

u>.OOFt lAW INSTTTU1"E

-SIn _"

e<:I by ICLE 0/ Georgia CreOits; 7.2 F(O" InfOfTl"latk:l'l: (4Q.4) 542·2522

Cre(lits, 7 .0 F«lnI<:nnation: (205) 264-0296 CR IMINAL DEfENSE FIM!Mew Plaza. Mobile 5poosared by Alabama Oimjnal Del....... ~ Assodation

ea." S 125/memllln;

CreOits; 12.6

S 175/nonmember.;

For InfOf"l"l"l3ticn (205) 263-0003

6 friday ESTATE PlANNING

Birmlrlgham-Jeff«son (Me Center Bar InstiMe fal.eQ3I Educ3tioo ~"., 7.0 Cost: $75 For Inkrrnatlon: 1205) 3 ~ e 6230

$pOo<!OOed I;1y: Alat>amil ((:rrtlrl)ing

YEAR·END TOFITS S<:MI NAR

FrnAJabama BankAudittriJm. ~ Sponsored tly: MootgOmely County Bar

ASsociatioo Creditt 6.6 Cost: None/members:

SSO/roomember.; For I ~ (lOS)

26~4793

aU~ N ESS TORTS AND ANTITRUST LAW

Cumber1iold School of Uw. Birmingham Sponsorecltly: CumtlerlaOd IrlStitute lor CLE Cost $75 F"' I ~ (205)87Q.2865

9· 0

1_.

UNJUST DISM lSSAI. UPOATE 00raI1m. New Vorl< City Spoo ... eo tIy ~ng Uw

CreO<ts; 14.4 Cost,5390 for InfOf'1'l'lOtlort (2 12) 7f;5.5700

~--

BAD FAIlli M3rT1ott. New YorI< City Sp;>"",ed by Defense Researdilnstitute

For Information: (3 1219440575

MIDWlrnEII SEM INAR TENNfSSEE FEDERAl. TAX INSTITUTE 0p:;I\ar<I Hote!. Nashville 1.'d by: r..".,.,...., fl!deral Tax Institute. In<. Credits: 14,0 Cost: S \ 75

sw ...

GnInd Hotel. PoInt Clear Slnosootd by MOIJiIe Bar Assodation CreOits; 4.0 For Information, (205) 433-9790

For Informatictl: (615) 926-6 \85

CIVIL PRACl1a:: IN FEDERAL AND STATE

SKI TRIP/CLE SEMI NAR

~= Hyatt Palm BeadleS.

..IaO<"lII Hole. ~

west I';!lm Soad'I Sponsored tJy: AU·ABA For Inl'trmatlof> 1215) 243-1600

198!

SIn ... td by CUmberlan.. Institute for Cl.E Cost; $75 p-.. .../resort rust:! For InfOfTl"latk:l'l: (205) 670-2855

Alabama Living Will Statute

he right olihe seriously incapacitated individua l 10 die is a moral iss~ that is profoond bul fundamental. T he isslll' po6eS un· 5t1tlil'l& ch;ollcllgl!$ to clerics, physiciansandjudg6. Yet ils~liesin two simple questIon s: When mayan infirm ptr1OI'I die? Who makes the

one to dtcide whtl ht. his or her life should be sust aiMd by life support systems when <lNth would otherwise en_ naturally. AddltlOOally. they prot«1 physlClllns and hospitals from lia· bihty f()lr followi .. the 'nstructions in a liv'lIi w,lI. provided the statulory

d«iSIOO? a$

The emt'rgCnte Ii such instit ut ions II\(' Hemlock Society and the Eu-

thanasia Society of America may indica lea growing pu bl ie acceptance of ell ' thanasia in ourcounlry. Undoubtedly. man y thought Hig Chief in 0", Fit'"

Ow, Ik C..

,koo',

Nest did the right Ihi!1Jl in s nu ffing out Ihe life of McMurphy. who had btw loboIomizcod. Undoubtedly . 1(0), many whosaw the film 1I'1t_ J.jf, Is 1/ A",OfIf,? ....OlIk1.asdid Michard Oreyfuss.chooose <kath ()\~ an ex;$le~ as a quadri·

"""'.

by A nne W. Mitc h e ll

AliNe IV. Mi/clttll nnivtd her .. Iflkr· grrultuJk drr-w fro ... H .... lillgdlffl QN. Iqc "M lin /4", dtgTft fro ... c.",/i<eT. lD"d Scltooll'l/ UII", ~ isa fJarlMr reilll I"~ BintliOlgllamfi.1tI '" &rlto ...itz. 14· lun:it., Iso", " lI"shur aNi se1TJtS 011 Ih' Hr', illl't! 011 l.tgtzl fI'«ds of

QI""..

1M I::ldtrlj.

T he law, hO\\'C'-'er ..... mains slead· fast in ItS opposition (0 euthanasia. lla vi ng !'(lOU in J udeo-ChriSlian morality. ott. jurisp",de~ embra~ the ptl':a'pt thllt a person should not die before hi s time. Thus. all states ha"e laws prOSCribillJl 5Uicide. although as a praccic:ill mailer such statutes are not ""nerally enfom'd. and wil ........ t exception. the courts ha'~ shown 00 mrrry in mercy·killing cases. Judges have ruled consistent ly that humanitarian motivation and t'o~n lheconsem 01 the deaaseddollOl mitigate theolfenseol killing. l n~case, the defendant ..... as found gu,lty of murderillJl his termi · nally ill ..... ife. alt hough he merely made poi5O<l accdsible to her without actu· ally administering iI.' While our legal system may look the other way when the stricken indi"idualtakes his Own life. it will notcondoneha vinganother take it f()lr him. While rriectUli euthanasia. in I'l"cent ynrscouns and ~slatures h.ave been rtoe\·.I~tilli the situation oithe tl'mlinally ill patlent for whom death is immi11l'nt. nw, 0..;,11,," ca .... held in 1976 a patient oould refuse medical treatment when there ....·as no ~for roo:)"o-ery.' In the wake 01 o..;~w~. many st al t$. includilli AJabama_ have promulgatoo "living will" or "natural death" stat utes.' Thes/' la ..... s enable

~UTt:l are obiien"tod.. nw, painful choice to d~ is then taken OUt of the hand s of judgH. physicians and the individual". family or friends. Wi th a living will statute, the individual can make the decision prior to the time the need arises.

Under Alabama 'sNalUral Death Act, enacted in \98 1,' an adu lt rna)' make a written declaration instrocting his or her physician to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining procedures in the event of a terminal umdition.' For purposes of the statute, a tenninal condition is

one in which "death is imminent" or

one that is "hOpeless" unless Ihe

jI3'

tient is artificially supported by life sustaining procedures.' The procedure for making a living will declaration is simple and does nOi require an attorney. However. the $ta·

lUte does require that the declaration be: (\ ) in writing: (2) signed by the indio vidual making the decbration or by another in his presence and at his di· rection: (3) dated; and (4) signed in the presence of a t least two adult wit· nes&'S.' These witnesses must be dis' interested in the sense that neither ma y be a relative of the declarant nor have a pecuniary interest in the deceMnt's estate. Section 22-8A-4(c) illus· trates a sample declarat ion. While some states require executed declarations be registered wilh the state, in Alabama the declarant need only notify his or her physician of the declaration.' The physician then must include the declaration or a copy of il with the declarant's medical records.' If the declarant has second thoughts about having a living will. revOClllion is possible at any time. The stalUte provides three ways to re"oke a decla· ration. The declarant may personally destroy 01" deface the declaration "in a manner ir.dicating intention \0 can· cel.'· Another method is a written rev' OClItion signed and dated by the declar· ant or another person acting at his Or her direction. Finally, the declarant may re"oke the declaration by "a ' ·er· 00.1 expression." This "expression" must occur in the presence of an adult who signs and dates a writingconlirming that the declarant manifested such intent. A physician who is notified of a revOClllion must note the fact of reva. cation in the patient's medical rewrd, but is not subject to criminal or civil liability for failure to act upon a reva. cation of which heor she did not have actual knowledge. '" Absent a dec laran t 's S<:(X.)rId thoughts, the declarant"s physician should act upon the living will's provisions "with· out delay" once the declarant is diagnosed as havinga tenninal condition." T he statute dirI'Cts that the physician take the necessarj' steps 10 provide for written e<:rtificalion of the declarant's tenninal condition. " Since the declar· ant's physician could provide such Cef· tification, this process generally ",ould invot-'e nomore than finding a second physician to confinn the diagnosis and give a second cert ification of the declarant's terminal state_ Suppose the physician does not wish tocarry out the certification process for

a patient. In this instat'K;(' the physician would not be subject to liabil ity." Apparently,the Alabama l<'gislature was hesitant to impose on the medical pr0fession a legal obligation that would ron counter to the ethics of many phI" sicians. However. the stat ute directs that the reluctant physician permit the patient to be transferred to another physician." Morea"cr, a physician or any other individual who willfu ll y con· ceals a declaration may be roor.d guilt)' of a Class A misdemeanor. " Alabama's living will stat ute elicited a wide rang!! of reactions from state physicians contacted for this article. One doctor at a Birmingham hospital said he would not abide by a patient's living will if the family challenged it. stating that despite the act's specific language. there is "no proof'" that a lil-ing will would shield a doctor from a lawsuit by thelamily. (Note: Thereare noreported Alabamacasesdealingwith t he act.) Several other doctors ad milled they had not heard of the Alabama Natural Death Act. and suggested phy· sicians should be better educated regarding the act. Most physicians contacted who are aware of the act fa,'or living wills, seeing no ethical or legal problems. How· e"er, many of t he$/! doctors feel there is room for improvement in the use of these documents. One strong sugges·

For the "Elderly" Advocate For the P;>S1 decade, the nonprofit Lesal Council for the Elde-rly (LCE) has been dealing with many of the problems of the nation's e1deTly. LCE

has developed a number of rei'lSOr"l' ably priced manuals and handOOoks that can be used by anotney$whoare be!!inning to delve into the morass of Social Security, retirement, disilhiliry, Medicare, Medicaid. consefVatorships ar.d will •. Write to Legal Council for theEklerly, P.O. Box 19'269. K, Wash· ington, DC ZOO36 for B free listing of LCE publications.

tion was t hat the patient discuss the living will with his family and leave a copy ""ith I family member, so thedoc· tor wwkl not be lell wi th the sensitive U1sk of bre.king the newo; of the piatien!'1 wishes to the family. Another physician suggested the inclusion of a copy In the patient's hospital chan. si~ terminally ill patients often T"e" cei\'e t rtallllf'nl from a numt.e.-of phy. sicians. In this connection. one doctor sUggeSted the patient shou ld be as ked to s ign a new living will prim-tO major surgery at the hospital, so there would be nodoubt of his wishes. Finally. one physic"'n ~ pen;ons fa"onng a natural death shou ld carry the rquival· ent of I uniform donor card. A!! pnviously stated, the Alabama Naturall)eath Act has not tftn tested in theoouns. FuturerouR actions rnay re'"eal ils JI05Si~ shortcomings. u suggested by !IIIII1e of our docton.. but for now. it stands as a rnajor first S1~ toward coping with a diffICUlt moral issue. 0

ADMI NISTRATIVE OFFICE (f'", .. ,.297) cohoI-depondent dri"tf. • l..cgal - 'fhe ~l division SUI'"

plies the ch>d' justa. theadministnt· t"'e dlN'CIOf of oourts. states judges and clerks 0( rouR wllh research as~i~la~as an atd in formulatmg policy cff«liRg the operation of lhe rourt system. • l~c~curch - Primarily in I"C" sponse to the Judicia l Study Commis· sion. staff person nel are in\'ol"ed in utensi"C rl'$'arch in a variety of are<\S which impact Alabama's coun s)'litem. • Jud icial e ducat ion - The Ala· oomaJudocial Col~. ""hich is a div, .s_ 0( the AOC. is(:harged .... ith spon-

sorlng and coordinating all judicial ed· ucatlO\1 prOgram. fOf judges. clerks and all other OOUR offICials and 5Ul'" port ~tafr. Ao;Idit_ally. the Judicial CoI~ Pffl"K\6 _Illation training to nev.' judges and OOUR offICIals. Thts article tS an o'·e ....·je",.· of the m~ Oper:Jtions of the AOC. future arttdes w,ll prOVide an In-(iepth look al particular aN'asof operation as well as information about research pro;a:ts and new prOgnIms. We alwa)" ha" e enjoyed our dose working N'lat iOflshlp with the Alabama Stale Bar, and as you h."e any questions about the AOC, our TeSJXII'ISlbilnj·. (IT our servi· ce, please fed 'r« to call us. Our in· state loll 11ft numbtr;s 1·800-392-8017, We look for..:ardlo hearing from )"0\1.

llIE SUN DIDNi HAVE TO SET ON llIE BRITISH EMPIRE

FOOTNOTES '''-''" •. _ " . 17. N.W eeo s.. _ «:I ........... 2<11,." I.

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t", 1'9631.

.... '" 0u0r0IM. 3iloII 01.2<1 &01 IN../. '~7.

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'....

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If only the British had known about lille IIlsu rance! Title Insurance would have protected lhe", from a nyone who queslioned their right to (MInership. With MVT behind real estate investmcJl~, your clil.~lIs are assurW of cie<lr ownership, Th.l1'S becau§c we'lI defend their title against all chaIlClljo,'{S, In addition . we're fully computeri~t'd to SCfVe you m()f(l effectively Don' t let the sun gO down on your emptre-insure with Mississippi Valley Title.

MiM/$sIppi ValleyTltle fnsuranee Company Iian-ot Offic~. J.>cLoon. MS 392QS _ _ _ ol l.... _ _ .. M_.... ~'-

HUGO BLACK CENTENNIAL CELEBRATlON Juslic~

HUR"

BI~k <and

"Tho CO~;I "';on, IIlJ7 _ IIl71

1M Univtnityof .u.b~"", School " fL..w March 11_ IB, 1\l116

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in adrd., .... to .... fonnol ,.......,"'i ..... , _ wiq bo ........ oocioI _ dII,i,.,. .. ho<h " '..,.!;II& th< «>ni<nn<t ""II "".. th< _,""II)'''' 1M<! and ..Ik wilh 1100 ,,01,.. n.. ~ is I"" and will bor holJ .. <om"", 0/ n.. U. I"";'1 01 Al.obotno. lot T _ _ • ~, For....,.. inI<omu'iooo ..... , ... '"!P" •• ,I"" .......... ~ "';1"

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UoIi_ry. AI. »086

M<l.rch 17 _18. 1986

<%ung <OLawy:ers'

Section b,' J. llemllrd Urannan. J r. YLS I'ruidc n t

It appears "'<e

now into a very

active year for the Young LaW}"ff$' 5f!ccion. We haVf: an utmnely ener· gel ic groupo( young lawyers woo ha''e volunteered 10 $trvt on the executive commillee of the section. We are for· (Un~le thi s year 10 hl" j' a C(lm mit1ee mad(: upof iooividualsexJl"l"ienad

oo.h

in the ..... ork of Ihe Young Lawytrs' 5«Iion and those who are enthusias· tic about b«vming invol,-ed in lhe section for the firsllilT\t. At the annual mrt'ling inJuly. offlC' el«tfd to &ujdf, the SKlion were Clairt Black. Tuscaloosa. president·

elect; Charles It Mi~on. Jr .• Mobile. secretary: and N. Gunter Guy. Jr_. Mon\gOnler)'. tI'HllU~. Thf: po!QpIe who p~nlly Irt serving as members of the uecuI;v(' committee and the various suboomrnilllU which Ihey ~ha iT

are as follows: Keith NQrman,

M(>Tllgomery. Youth Le:gislali,-e Judi-

cial Program Commiuee: l,.aura Crum. Montgomery, HaT Admi!;Sion CQlTlmittee: Charlet R. Mixon. Mobile. Meeting ArranllffllentSCommillee and Annual Seminar Comminee; Claire Black. TusCiloou. l.(jng-Range PI~nning Commiuee:Ronakllhvis, Tuscaloosa, Public Information Commiuee and Sub-c:ommiufe on Publication: John W, l>onakl ,J r .. Mobile. Oisaster Emer· gency \..egal Assist ~nce Commiuee: lIoIley Crim. Montgomery. Dornt:stic Abuse CommiueelMissing Children I'roi«t: ~:dward Dean. Mobile. By-laws Committee: Pat 113rris. Montgomery.

Administ1'1ltion Commiure; FRderick Ku ykendall, B1nningl\am. local Bar Coordinating Committee. jeffersoo County and North: Lynn McCain. Gadsden. Community Law Week/Constitution Bicent ennial: N. GunterGuy. Jr .. Montgomery. ABAlYLS Liaison, Committee and Finance Committee: James A, Miller ,Birmingham. Continuing Legal Edo.w:ation Committee. Caine O·Rear. Ill. Mobile. Annual Seminar Sub<ommitlee: Sid jackson, Mobile. Local Sar Coordinating Committee South 01 jefferson County: RandolJlh Rca,'tS. MontgOnltry. l.egislat i.-e Com· mittee and ConfeffTlCr for the Professions: Percy 8adham. Birmingham. 1.ndership on IssueslGrants Committee: james Anderson, MontgQlTlt'lj'. Alabama !lar Information SutH:om· mit tee. and Newspaper. Television and Radio Sub-commiuee: and William 1heger, Ill, Demopolis, Law Student Liaison Committee. Each hasshovm a strong dedication to the Il'gal profession by the work they arc doing for the Youngl.awyen'Section.lfyoustc any 01 them, please olfer your ...-.rour· agemem and thanks for their efforts toward a better profess;oo. 0.-..,- the laSt few months. the OIl/! oomm;uee 01 our !i«\ion "'hich we keep diligently Jn1Mrei but ~ is never n«'ded. hal been called on to serve the oommunity again. The Dil" aster EmCTgcncy Lcga l Assistance Commiuee. chaired by John W. ])0. nald,Jr .. of Mobile, was ClIlied upon to

assist on the Gulf Co;o.st as a result 01 Humeane Elena. In conjunction with the Young l.awyer'S· Division 01 the American Bar Association. and the Young l.awyer'll' Section 01 the Missis· ,ipppi Bar.John·scommitt~ went imo action aslIOOI1 as the Federal Disaster Declaration wu madc, Therommiltee provided PI'(} bono legal so:rvices to the victims oll1urricane ELena. The Fed· eral Emergency Mani\gf1l1ent Agi'ncy set up disaster renter'll and "oIunleer young IawyeT"S continuously staffed each «<uer. answering quenions and providing guida~ and rou~_ing for (he hurricane victims.. The questions ran from how to file insura~claims to the landlord and tenant relation · ships. The young Iaw)'er'IIoffering this assistance "'ere Mike Sullivan. Young Dempsey. Sam Crosby. Danny Black· burn. M ~ ry Murchison. Larry Sutley. Mike Ilallard and Ali"" Boswell. Ea.;h of us. as members of the bar. (}We!! a det:p debt of gratitude to these lawyers for donating their time and helping to give our profession a brighter imagl" in tilt: public's eye. The bar admissions ceremony for the fall admitteeswas held October 31 at the Civic Center in MontgOmery. The l10n0rable Ginny Granade. assis· tant United States attorney. soothern district. pve the luncheon add ress to the new admilt~. Laura Crum of Montgomery. who serves on the exec· uth'e cornmillee of the section and is chainnan of the bar admissions cere-

mony sub..commill~, worked :<ealously to insure the success of the ceremony. She should be commended for her eflorts. In the past. our se<:tion has received some e xcellent ideas. to beller ser,'e the profession and the public. from the various affiliateoutreach project m""l · ings provided by the Young Lawyers' Division olthe American Bar Associa .. tion. We expect and hope 1(' have dele!,'lItes attend as many of these m""tings as possible. During the next year. t ilerewill be ml'<!tings in Austin. Texas: Baltimore. Maryland: Charleston, South Carolina: and New Yurk. New York. AI! hough the various commiue-es of the Young Lawyers' Section are pres· ently wurking enthusiastically. there is alway s a need for a greater involve· ment in the hands-()n activities of the section. The only requirement for membership in the Young Lawyers' Section is that one must be a lawyer who is under 36 ;'earsof ageor in his or her first three years of practice. If you are in that category and WISh to becorm' acti,'cly in"olved in your state bar associalion , please oont3ct me. 0

4 L'¥..son MCGoWin fOREST MANAG(RS {!.. CON SULTANTS

Inc

Benefitting ~"orneys and the;r clientS with the fol lowing pro" fesslon.\t servic.cs:

CLEGNews b, M a~y

L}' n Pike A" .;i" 'ant Execut' ve Director

December 31 is the deadline for completion of 1985 continuing legal education requirements. Twelve ered· its. either earn ...-d this year or brought forward Irom 1984. are required lor moot members. Credits are reported by way 01 the form entitled "Annual Rel'l't 01 Com · pliance:' mailed to each member in late September. An extra form is provided for use by those who may ha"e misplacro the first one. It also may be used to report additions to 1985 reports already submitted. At itsJuly 24 meeting in Huntsville. the Mandatory Continuing Legal Edu · cation Commission: I Recommended that bar commis· sioners Wade H. Bax ley and Francis R. Hare,Jr., be nominated to replace corn· missioners 1'. Richard Hartley and Warren B. Lightfoot. whose terms as bar commissioners expired June 30.

1985:

. TIMBER ESTIMATES • f fJ\$I6ILITY STUDtr5 • fORr5TRY CONSULTING

00, Bo..< 2t43 • Mobile. Ai.. J66S2 438 .. 4'>8t

...-.. ·I'O<'''""''C~I''' .......

~. Recommerw.led that commissioner John B. Scott be nominated chairman of the oommission. succe<.lding outgoing chrlirman P. Richard Hartley: :I. Approved a seminar. offered by an insurance company. strictly for pri· vate attorneys who handle cases for that company; 4. Granted two al!orneys final eK .. tensions of the 1984 compliance dead· line; and 5. Granted part ial credit for a Soviet .. American comparative law semi""r conducted in the Soviet Union. September 13 in Montgomer\' the

MeLE Commission: I. Elected commissioner Gary C. Huckaby "ice chai rman; 2. Approveda permanent program of subst itute compliance for a blind atlorney; 3. Declined to chang£ its policy on the calculation of teaching credit for panel members: 'I.. Denied a request for credit for teaching nonlawyers: 5. Denied a sjlOn!;(>rs request for permission tosubmit evaluations every si x months rather than monthly, but grant ...-d !>Crmission for Quarterly submISSIOnS: 6. Designated the National Legal Aid and Defcrw.ll'fS Association an appro,'ed sponsor of CLE act ivities for 1986: 7. Denied approval of a financial planning seminar designed for CLUs. CPAs and atlorneys; 8. Appro,·ed a perinatolog}' seminar designed for allorneys and physicians: 9. Approved a medical malpractice seminar designed for allorneys. physi· cians and risk managers: 10. Tabled consideration of a videotaped !;eminar designed for attorneys. physicians and dentists. pending receipt of addit ional information: II. Appro"ed an English .. American COIl'parati"e law semi nar conducted in l..ondon:arw.l 12. Discussed possible r<..'gUlation of in·house C LE >;<:minars. tabling finali .. ullion of a policy until its next mccting.

MANDATORY CONTIN UIN G LEGAL EDUCATION COMMISSION M A I L

MCLE Commission Alabama State Bar P080,, 67t Montl/omery, AL 36101

ALABAMA STATE BAR 1985 MCLE FORM 1

ANNUAL REPORT OF COMPLIANCE

T Telephone: o 12051 269-1515

Submit Ihi. fo rm by D ece mber 31, 1985

Name and address as shown on Bar records :

1\ add.ess shown is incorract please correCI above.

REQUEST FOR EXEMPTION

0 0 0

Ollice Telephone Number:

A. I became a member of the Alabama State Ba' dUfln1/19B5.

Birthdale :

MO B. I reached the age of 65 during 0' befo.e 1985.

C. lam _ _ 8 full路l ime judge.

1985 CREDIT SUMMARY

_ _ a membe. of Ihe U.S. House or Senate. hlr. creditS earned in 1984 .... _ _ a membe. of Ihe U.S. Armed Fo.ces Cred its earned lor anendance in 1985 _ _ a membe. 01 the Alabama LegISlature. Teaching c.edlts earned in 1985 _

0 0

_ _ prohibited from Ihe pflvate practice of law bv Constitution . law or regulatIon Posil ion : O. I held a special membership du.ing 1985. E. I have received II walYe, from the MCLE Comm iSSIon.

TOTAL

............

hi'. c. ed,t s earned in 1 985 10 be carried forward lor cre(hl in 1986

•

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CCIM

(17 U.S.CA. §§10 1·810,

A General Practitioner's Introduction to Copyright Law: A Primer on Intellectual Property, Part II

b, Ha rold Sec

(Nole: The following discussion relates to the "New" Copy right Act of 1976 which became effective January I. 1978. Seclw~ 301 o/Ihl Ad o!Jqliyh .. virlually all cornrno~ law copyn"ghl.j

A. Who may pract ice copy ri g ht law? Anyone may practice copyright law, but with each amendment totheCopy· right Act Ihisarea of the law becomes more complicaled. V~rious areas of copyright law - music. recordings. movies. books, newspapers and televi· sion - may require specialized knowl· edgeof Ihe industry.

B. What s h o uld t h e ge n e ral practitioner know ? 1. Whal is copyrightable

Section 102 of the Copyright Act defines whal is copyrightable in the fol· lowing terms: .•... original wO!"ks 01 authorship fix"" in any tangible medium of ex·

general practitioner should know in

monopoly tn Ihr ~hl 10 use a ma,k on g<>:)d$ lode9;gnale Ihem as coming from a particular

order to represent clients effectively. And. it is an area of pracrice in which

lify Ihr bu,ineM). Thert are led·

practice. but there are many things the

any auorney should be able to develop

an expertise if he Or she has the inter· est and if the prospect of future copy·

right work justifies the COSt of becom· ing pro/idem.

Defi nitions

eral and sI a l. ,egillralion ochrmcs. Source o f fede ral a uthority

The United Slates Constitution. Ar· ticle I. Section 8. provides: 'ThrCongresuhaU h3'" Pov... r ...

The th ree major categories of intel· lectual properly are patents. COpyrights and trademarks. Rough definitions of these three follow: A ""ten! is a f..!..ral statutoril y granted """"'IXIIy to

A. PA TE/Io'T

""' .... N.. or ..II a machi ....: a

manufatu~•

_,,,,,(or on a busir.ess 10 iden·

• rom..,.;!;.,., of

!tumer. or. process

B. COPYRIGHT A CQpyrighL is a

federal statutorily granted mono!»Iy 01 the exclusive right Lo ~ roduce. d i.1 ribute. perform or display certain original wor1<. of authorship. Basically. p"'II'!ction is

ogoi".! copy; ng and exlends onl y to thr form oi expression . C. TRADEMARK Alrademark (or tradena~) is. stale law granted

(3) To 'tgUlat. Comm.,."" wi,h lor·

eign Nal;"" •. alld amoog thesev· . ",1 Slain. and wi,h the Indian Tribes ... (8) To promote Ine PrOl['''' of Science alld useful Arts. by stCur;ng for limiled Ti!l"H'S 10 Au· Ilion and lnvemon the e~c1u· .ive RighI 10 Ih.ir ,esllKli ... Writings and Discoveries... :' Clause (8) is the source of federal power (wer JIiItents and copyrights. By application of Ihe supremacy clause conflicting state law must yield . Clause (3) is t he sou rre of federal aut horit)· for a Irademark registration system. Therefore. although trademark regis· lTation is limited to interstate com· mer<:e, patents and copyrights are not.

Harold F. See re<:<>ived his boch<oior's ~ gree/romEmporiaState Uniwrsiry (Kon· $(l$J. his master-'s from Iowa Siote Un!· .....-siry and his lew degree from the Un;. """';tyof Iowa. Since 1976, he has been a professor at lhe Uniuersiry 01 AlaOOmo School of Low.

prusion .•. 1' no:ludlrcll~ folJooori .. ClI""';':': a) li'.....ry war"'; b) muslGIl works, ..:

c) dram.,k ,",oru ',.•.'~_ d) pan'ominn and ct.......... phic

t) pictorial. i"'pillc and ocul~u· r;ll work.:

() mociM pocturnand other oudiQ.

"'sual work.: and _nd rKOrd,np."

Thus, the 1)"(11' 01 works protected indl.lde nearly aU mannuol expre&Sion pro~ided .hey art "fixed in a tangible medium of expretsion." That il,lhe), must bf: OIpturtd in some form Ihal provides them with a li fe lila, i$ of "more than ,nonsilory duration. II also should be llOIed thaI the cal~ riel lislM aboM. include "'OI"ks '""het heY H

or not Ihey are whal m05! p!!Op\e

would consider works of art: commer· cials. personalltuen and. diaries. archit«ls plans and even the design on fabric. may be cov~. 2. The 8COIIe of copyri ght prOlect io n (al Copyright protection mmdi

nehl. ill dlllincl from "",,,,.",,up 0/ mal~1 object in which tho W<lrk i. embodied. T",nsfer 0/ own· " .. hipo/ any mat"';al object ••• doe1 not 01 ilstU COIlVf'y any right. in lho <XII'Yriahted work .."bodied in tho object. nor. in abonu 0/ ,n " " .."ltttl . d<:Its ,,,,nof... 01 ""'fItr· shtp 01 • .:opynahl or oIlny oldu· live ria:hll under .. <XII'Y .... ht CUlVf'}' proporly righ,s in any mlleri.1 object."

(2) to~",deriva"Vf'......u

based UJlO'Ilhe eopyrig!o led " ....k:

any

t""

In other words. purchased a painting does nOl convey any riaht IOCOPY thaI painti",. Similarly. purchase oJ. the ropYriahl in a paintingdoes not con"ey any right to Ihe painling it!lelf - not e,'en acctss toitll)ropy it. T he "thing" and IhecopyTight an two distinct legal entilits. (b) Copynghl IS compnsed 01 a numb..- 01 o:>neeptually di1li""t exc\u.'Vf' righls which 3~ lisled i n~

lion

tOO:

"Subje<:1 II) I-«Iio"" 107 Ihrouch 118.lhe ....·"""oICGP1',..hl u ....... Ih" mit hal ,"" exduliVf' righls 10 do and 10 IU lhori~ any 0/ I"" 100\oI>'i ng: (I) 10~prod""'I""copyrighl'

"" " ....k , ..;

(3) todistnb!Jteropiesorpho-

noo «00 <is 0/ t hoOl!l'lrighted work 10 lhe public ...; (~)

.n IhocaaolUter:ary. mUlat. dramallC. and chono-

mphlC worD. pantooolrws. and mOilOll pictUmI Ind <>111 ... aud'O'o'isual worg. 10 ~orm lhe copyrighled " ...... publdy;.nd (5l inlhecastolliler:ary.mus· ical. draJtla'ic •• nd dtorwmphic ..."Orb. pantom ....... and pictorial. mp/tic. or sculptural work$. indudtt\jf tho indi.idual imagH 0/ a m<>lion picture 0.- other a...w..sual wori<. IOdispboy lhecopyri&!>t"" ........ publicIy."

Many of the ter ms that appea r in seclion 106 are defined terms. or have par· titular I~l significance. but theov ...· alllhrust at lKtion 106 is 10 raist a oopyrigttl quetion whene~er a copy. righted "'OL'"k is COpied or used publicly. re) Thore are .xa-ption. 10 the section 106 righll. Thost aceptiontt

... ty 10 tho: I..... r;I. Hprossion. S«lion L02(b) poooidet ... folkr«o: ~ln noCllloe~ <wYriglu

PI"'"

ltclioon for In OI"'lina) "'ork 01 autho:nhlpe. {~ toany idra. procedure. prOCftl. _)'110m. mdbod 01 OPtnuion,~. pnncipk.ord,~. rtpn!. leu of lhe form in .,hich 1\ it de$cribfd. f)<pU,nm. illuml' ed. ortm\>;dl(ll! in lucb W<lrk."

For ~xam~. an idu or invention can· copyrighl law &imply by describi,. il and copyriaht· ing the de'lCliplion.ln such a cast all thl is protected is the description it· !lelf. nOi the underlying idea or inven· tion. Forexample. if someone develops • IItw ~ice for catcbing mice and describes the device in a copyrighted aMide. the «>pyreht prohibit. 0Iher$ from desCTibingthe device using the same language. It d()e$ not prohibit Oihers from making tltedevice. {Only a patent can do that.} In the same vein. section 202 providts: not be protected und~

"Ownmlhip 01 a <XII'Yrighl. or any 0/ the txclu.i.e riahll under I OOIly'

THIN When you have a personal Injury case. THINK STRUCTURE Thal's right. Think Slruclured setllemenl as an allernaltve 10 a lump sum selllement and maximize the cash available fOf the claiman t at Ihe lowest possible cosllo the defendant. Call now for ideas on what crealtve use 01 US Treasury securities and annuities can do for your settlement needs

Lamar Newton

Southern Structured Settlements, Inc. 1200 Bank for Savings Building Birmingha m, Alabama 35203 205-328- 2666

appear in Sl'Ctions 107-118. The ex· ception. relot. to fair use, use by h· b.-ari.. , .... ordisplov 0/. porticular """V, <:en.in "",,·profit or.Jl'cia1 ",r· lorm.o;ceo a nd di.plays. cable transmissions .• phemeral recordings. uselui items. sound recordings. con1pul""'"Y lief:n .... juke boxes. <XImpUlers olld certain IIOI'I<XImmercial broad· casting, Possibly the mOSt important. and probably thelt'lOl\! misunderstrol exception is the Fair Uee e><ceplion (jj107). Li mit...:! use 0/ . <XIpyright...:! ,,'.,,-k i. allow...:! ... ithoot ",rmi.. ion "for uses such as criticism. com· mtnt. neW! ,e~ing. le.ching .. ". scholarship. or ...search.... " These purlX'$eS appear to, and in general probably do. limil bi, use to s",h acti.ilies as leaching, '~rch and reporting. (How ••er. in lhe IJ./amtu <;.lIse lhe $"."..,,,,,, 00II11 .ppli...:Ilhe f.ir use doclri"" to """-<XImme«:iol timr-,hiflingo/ _ram. for !>TiY"e ,;'wing.) !::.-en if the pu,~o/ lhe use is permIssible. the scopy 01' lhe use i. limitod ba>ed on. ;~/.. ali,,: "(1)

the PIlI']lOOe and character 0/ the use ...:

(2) t henature 0/ l!teeopynghl' (3)

ed "'OI"k: Ihe.mount.1Id su1>;t.ntiaJ· ity 0/ the portion used .. ':

,,.

(41 the tfft'CI 0/ the use u..,.,

lhe po>trntial market for or ,'al"" 0/ the copyrigl1led work:' The Underlying pOlicy is Ihat while one should have Ihe righl accuralely 10 refer 10 a copyrighled work by citing short portion5 of iI, Ihis should n01 be an excuse for substantially approprial' ing its conlmercial "alu~ , There are. incidentally, voluntary guideline-s for libraries and for educa· lors_ While Ih~donOl bindcopyrighl owners or users. they probably serve as safe harbors since one ~an expec\ courtS to give them great weight in defining uses that are clearly per· missible. 3. Wha t c on s t itu te s COI. y righ t infringem"nt Section 501 of the A~t provides that: "'Anyone who .iDl.t... ny of the lSe.:tion 1061""dusi"e rights 0/ the copyri1j;ht ow....,. ,. , is an infringer of t~c:opy,ighl."

All hough infring~ment may oa:ur as a resu lt of displaying or performing (usually commercially) someone else's

work. ordinarily infringemenl resulls from copying. There is a two-part lesl of su~h infringement: first. whether there has been copying. and. second, whether there has been an appropria' lion. Unlike a palCnl. in whiCh the owner is given a monopoly on a partie· ular<ievice, copyrighl merely precludes Iheacl 0/ lakinganOlheis work. Thus, if IWO people. independ~ntly. coml"'5" the same musical arrangement. each may use it, and. in fact, each may copy' righl il and precludeOlhers from copy· ing from Ihe copyrighl owner's work. The protection is against copying, not against independent creation. Copying may be shown in eilher of IWO ways: fi rSI. by direcl proof. or. second. by a showing of access and sim· ilarity. In many ~ases of commercial infringemenl there will be documen· taryor testimonial evidence that the alleged infringer used lhe copyrighled work as a model. There may even be an admission the copyrighted work was used as a model. Absent such a showing. Ihe second means of establishing copying is lodeduce il from a showing the alleged COpier had access to the work and the alleged cop~' is loosimilar 10 the original to be explained by mere chance, Bolh access (1~d s imilarily mus! be shown. Access alone is not enough if the works are sufficientl~' dissimilar that they fail 10 support an inference of copying , On lhe other hand. no maIler how similar the works. if the alleged copierdid not ha,'e access to Ihe copyrighted work, he could nOl ha,'e copied it , In praclice Ihe two elemenlS of this test of copying probably will interact. The stronger the show, ing of access. Ihe weaker may be Ihe showing of similarily. and vice '·ersa. Even Ihough copying may be shown, infringement is nOl eslablished with· out appropriation, Capj'right protects only expression, Others are free to copy the underlying ideas. COocepiS. etc. The tesl of approprialion is a lay observer lesl. and mere paraphrase is appropriation. On the Olher hand, one is free to study the works of others on, for example. invesling in commodities, and 10 write a book describing Ihose ideas_ (rhe law of plagiarism may requi re proper allribution, but as long as the txpf'eS'Jion of Ihe other writers is n01 approprialed Ihere is no copyrighl

problem.) As an extension of Ihis prin· ciple, note one mayallempttoproduce a copy of 3 painling. bul be SO unskilled the "copy'" does not appropriale anythi ng of the expression of the original.

4. Whomayobta;na e opyr ig h l, and h o'" The aUlhor of a work automatically has a copyright in il: §2Ol(a) provides that '"Copyright in a work prOlecled under this title "ests init ially in the aUlhor or aUlhors of the work .... '" And, he or she oblains Ihal copyrighl the momerttthe work iscrealed: §302(a) provides that "'Copyright ... subsists from ils It he work'sl creation .... '"

5. How th e COI. y right m a y be los t lal Transfer A non ... dus;ve I I""nse to use a copyrighted work can be granted oraUy. Such a """ .... clu.i,.. right d"... ~Qldiv""t Iheoriginal ""'""rof any rights. except, of OOIII'SI'. that Ih. l it;rn~ as ",.n a. the copy. right owner may use t he copyrighted work_ The OW""" can "" di"ested of ownership only by '"transler,'" s.c. tion 204(a) sl"'<ifi.. t he requ i.. ments for a ,'.Iid tramoler:

"A Iran.l.. of copyrighl ",,·ner· .hip". is nol .... Iid un '~ an ;nSlrumtnl of <XIlweyar.ce, or. note .,,- melTKll".ndum of t~ lransler. is in writinll and .igned by the owner of Ihe right.con,~'ed or_how ..... '. duly .uthori,ed agent."'

That i•. if there i. no signed writing. there i. no transf.r(e=p1. ",,"sibly. 0/. non-e><elusi," licen .. ~ (b) Publicat;oo wilhout notice. In order to keep one's copyright, one must either (I) rel'ain f,om publish· ing. or (2) publish ooly ~';/h ~./;.., "'Publication'" i, a term of art. SO the safHt Ihing to dOl i, put notief: on .11 COpies. and es"",iaUy tnose distributed to others, 6. Wha t c on s titule s p r oper cop yright n ot ice (§40 1) Copyright notice is the word "copyright"' or the symbol''(l"' (or theabbre-viation "Copr. '") followed by Ihe yearof first publication and Ihe name of the copyrighl owner (aulhoror lransferee), There are advantages to the use of Ihe copyright symbol. but it is somewhat easier for a printing error to result in defective nOlice where only t he symbol

is used . It may. t~re1ore. be a good idea to give notice in the following form, • Copynah, ]985 Jallt)«a All R.gh1S R.--I One is fae«! with the question of publication date. This may OO! be a pr0blem. 5ina! creation and publia uion boIh may have occurml in the unw. year. Though thertare advantages toa later publication date. it is almOlit al· W3j" prd'erable tOeITon t~ .;M0I' too earlj' rather than tOO latta dale. Notice isdefective and the copyright lost if the year appearing in the noti~ i. more than OTII' yea r after the date of actual first publication. (Reali that ··public;o· tion" is . ttnn of art .) The "AII RiJlhl s Reserved" is not necessary and is OO! a part of the nolice. but t!\en, are certain t!Sty ad· "anl:;lgtS which could be rek'lant. Copyright noti~ "shall be affixed to the copies in such a manner and loca· tion as 10 iI"c reuonable notice of the claim of copyright. ... " (§401) " $ale harbors " are provided al 37 C.F. R. §20I.20. In the case of phonorfCOl"ds (t his includes lapes) the notice is: p

t985J~IIt"""'"

All rigI1tl reserved

NOIice must be "plae«! on the surface

01' the phooorfCOrd. or on the photo te· on:Ilabelorcontainer. in such a manner and location as to give reasonable notice of thedaim of copyright."' ,voir IIIsI JOllie uron ItT omissioll.l of Nalia

0",

corneJo'" 1§405.-406)

7. COI.yright registration n Ol II I.rercqu is ite to not ice

Registration is permissi"e (§408). Notice is required in order to prtterve one's copy right after pUblication. bul regiotralion is not . ilowever. under the Act the Library of CongrtSII requiTe!! deposit of eopies of any copyrighte:! ond published work. There are advanlages to rqis tra· lion . chiefly:

III the «nirlClte of rqlSlraloon II "",._ In r;idero« 0/1"" v.tld· ity 0/ lho oopyrigh, (§4Hlr. (2) '"'Iillmion muSl beobwnod before an 'nf";~ "';t may be inllllUled. lhouih ""'" may lue for ,nfringemenl l whICh pre-date lho '"'IiSlration {t4llt. Ind

(3) registralion mak.,. Ivadable_· ta;n re",edi.,. 1\01 Olh.-rwi se . "ail·

able (noubly. 113lutooy dam~ which do 1\01 reqUIr. pnlo/ 0/ Itlwol darn.aat and award 0/ allor· neyf_HfH Z).

8 . lIow to ~lIjs te r (I) no. Ippnl!Inll.lonn forDOPr" ngIIl rcgi$lral00n "'"Y beob,.' ..... b)' w riling 1he Copyri;!hl Office. Ubrary Wul"'1!Ion. D.C. 2OC>&9.

o/c.:..r-.

0...::.111", (202) 281·9]00 and uti",

fOO" <XIPI'nght fonnl. Be iUre 10 """. cribe 1M ly~ 0/ work .. ~ lhereare different forms for dif!c-ren' lYpeli of ,,-ork_ Be lure to give )'OOr .... um Iddress. (Tho: ........ -'d1'tM 0/ lho Copyright OfrlCe Ii: no. ~ht Office. Buildn'll No. 2. C,.".tol C,ty Mati. Jtff.. son In";. Highway. M · 1"'1ton, Virwinll.)

(b) f ... help fim", out tM forms ""'" an all (202)287-8700 ...·... kda)'l

belW«'n 8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m .. Eut· .rn ti", •. (c.ns 10 this number are ...,.rly Ilwlra btocltod up-) (el !log'St'.ti"" com· pIt1ion 0/ tho propor lorm, ~y.....,t 0/ tho $10 f... I nd (".woll~) t ...'O copin 0/ th. ,,-ork.

req"""

9. The du rat ion of II cop yright

The duration 01 a copyria;ht is. in general. the life of the aulhor plus 50 years. Unless there are records to the contrary al lhe Copyria;ht OffiCI". lhe author is presumed to !\ave die:! al least 50 years ago il eit Mr 011 he follow. ing has ocrorre:!: (1) 75 yurs have expired since lhe work was lir!it published. or (2) 100 years hal'e expire:! ,irKf: the work wn created. To take ad vantage of the presumption of death, a certified report thaI t~ is no rfCOl"d dlhe aulhor being .li\"e less l!\an 50 years ago must be obtained from the Copyright OffICe. (§302) 10. Remed ies a ... ailnble Remedies .\".ila~ under the Act are damage$ (§504). impoundnw.nt and dest ruction nf infringing items (§503) and injuncti,"t relid (5502). In addition. if the work was reaiSlere:l3t the 11nw. of Ihe infringement . or within three month s of first publication (see 1"12). then there are available the ad· ditional remeditsol stalutOl")' damagee: (whieh do not uquire a showi ngol actual dam~(§504I c!)and the award of costs and attorney's f«$ (§500). Statu·

tOl")' damage$ may range from $250 to

510.000. Dependingon culpability these amounts may be re:!uCl!(! In not less than 5100 or enhal'lClld 10 not ~ than S50.000. Willful infringemenl forcommercial advantage or private financial gain also il punilhablecriminally purslL30nt to Section 506 01 the 1ICl. Violationid Section 506are punishable by a fineo! up to 5250.000or imprisonmenl for nOi ~ than five years. Of" both.

C. Whal should Ihe general I)ractitione r handle? A simple registration s hould not be 3 probIenl for the gtneral practitionel-". and clearl y the general practitioner should advise the clien! to affix noti~ to the work. Beyond that. although any iltlomty is free to practice copy. rightlaw .l hequefition one s hould ask is whether the work involved 10 become proficient can be cost justi fied . The Copyright Act il btcoming increasingly complu. and the indllstry context makes the application 01 the s tatute va ry. [f one does nOi expeC1 to haVl! recurringcopyrighl busiTlt:5l. then the eo&t 01 learning the intricacies and interrelations of the Act probabl y does nO! justify handling matters beyond simple registrations. On the01.Mr hand. il the eo&t c;on be jU$tified. copyright practice atn be , .ft)' exciting and can lead to other business as some copy. right clients inCOrpOrate. enter publishing Of" entertainment c:ontraC1S. require tn ilnd estate planning and so 00.

If the general practitioner chooses not to de"eiop a copyright practice. 1IcrA' atn he or she locate a copyright atlor~? There is no handy dir«tOl")'. A firm with a substantial entertain· ment law practice s l\ould have. Of" use, a copyright lawyer: patenl Law firms usually ha"e a copyright group. Of" can reoommend someone.

D. A final caution First. the r~na: discussion only has louched on the highlights 01 a complex area of the law. If a substan· lial property (S/OY Won. The AM/Dbi.,. fTIlfJ"~ of BmwtYI (;(MIl) is involved. e\'en a "simple" reaislration shou ld not be allCtnple:! without a thorough underSlanding of lhe act.

Second, the foregoing diS(."Ussion assumes the work was created after the Copyright Act of 1976 becameeflective January 1. 1978. There are special rules that may affect works created or published before that date.

E. Stat e cr imina l penalties for the ft of re co rdings It is a felony under Alabama law knowingly to transfer recurded sounds with the intent to sell the article onto which the sounds are transferred. or to manufacture, distribute or wholesale such articles. without the consent of the owner (§13A·8-SI ). The criminal penalties are from one to three years' imprisonment or up to a $25.000 fine. or both. for the first offense. and from three to ten yean;' imprisonment or up !O a SIOO.ooo fine. or both. for any subsequent offense (§13A·8·86). Civil damages, including punitive damages. alsoare provided (§13A-B·85). Whethn this statute is p~mpted by Section 301 of the COpjlright Act of 1976 has nOt been tested. but a similar Florida statute was held p~mpted . Crow ~. lVai~wright. 720 F.2d 1224 (! lth Cir. 1983). ctrl_ dl~ied, _ _ U.S. _

It's Hot Off The Press The 1985 ALABAMA BAR DIRECTORY CurreN address and phone tlstings o! membefs of the Alabama State Bar. state and federa l courts, slat", bar committees, policies and procedures, the Code 01 Pro/essional Rasponslbllity and sections on the judicial. e ~ ecut;ve and leg lstativ8 branch8s of governme nt Nam8 ____________________________________________ Addr8SS ___________________________________________

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State Bar Meetings Nove mber·December 1985 November

G roup, Comm iltee o r Task Force meet ing loca tion BOARD OF BAR COMMISSIONERS MCLE COMMISSION DISCIPUNARY COMMISSION Bar headql2Tters. MontgOmery

F. Computer chip prote ct io n In November 1984. the President signed into law the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984. Pub. L. 98-520. For semiconductor chip pr0ducts, if they are first commercially exploited after November 8. 1984: if their design. considered as a whole , is not staple , familiar. or commonplace; and if they are registered within two years of first commercial exploitation, then the Owner of the mask work has the exclusive right to reproduce the work and 10 import or distribute semi· tondll<;tor chips that embOOy Ihe work. Remedies include injunctive relief, damages and profits. Reverseengineer· ing. hov.-'ever. is permissible. and there are provisions to protect innocent purchasers, 0

TOTAL ENCLOSEO

Please ma~e chee!< payabl8 to rile Alabama Bar DirectOlY.

105 S. Ct_ 89 (1984) A recent U.s. Supreme Court deci· sion. Dou·/i..g". U.S.. _ _ U.S . _ 105 S.C!. 3127 (!985). has held that the I'ational Stolen Property Act. 18 USC 2314. is inapplicable in bootleg record· ing cases. leaving the Copyright ACI t he appropriate criminal provision.

@$10.00

COMMITTEE ON lAWYER ALCOHOL AND DRUG A&JSE Bar headquarters. MontgOmery

INDIGENT DEFENSE COMMITTEE 12th Floo.-. Watts Building. Birmingham

December 6

PROFESSIONAL ECONOMICS COMMITTEE 2107 · 5111 Aven...e North. Suile SOl. Birmingham

COMMITTEE ON CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCEDURES Bar headquart.m. Montgomery

TASK FORCE TO CONSIDER ReVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1901 Cumbe-riand School 01 Law, Birmingham

TASK FORCE ON ALTERNATIve METHODS OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION 1400 Park Place Tower. Birmingham

Moving Toward Closure "[ II:ant us \0 brlllg 103 ooncluslOII as

many as poM,blfo( l~ ,'aried and ,m· portantlasks )'OUrcommilleeand task

fora members

al~y ha~

0"1.'" tM I3S11,",'O

months. Repons

01 some of thei r activities follow. Bnr mana gement lind !;;cn'ices The Alob.o ..... llor Dirtc/o., wa$ mailed to members in late Seplembcr. The fi r~1 directory of ;lS kind si!lCf! 1973. the dirt",lory was compiled. pui). [ished and mailo!d "'iitlout charge \0 members and ...·;thoot bar funds. 'I'M Desk Il.ook Committee. eo<:ha""d by OoroIhy F. Norwood and Brenda

SmIth Stedham. enlisted advertisers and contributors to underwrite ItIt COSI. The bar OWtli this commitlee ;1$ 1hanks for a job wtll done. Pleasr support IheireffQrts byorderingUlfa c0pIes for )'oor st aff ($10 per COPY. PiI)''' ' ble \0 The AID/It.""" /Ior /);r«/IJry. ['.0. 11o~

671. Montgomery. AL 36101).

I'lansfort~

5760. T~ subcommtt tee hasdeo.-eloptd rtSoUrces and e:<peni5e which "',11 pn:I'~ valual* ,n local efforts.

P ublic service

"' ocus O il t h e profess ion

The Alabama State liar. through n~ Indige nt Ocfe",.., Con"n iltce, has ~,·td an American liar Association grant. T~ funds are being u~ toimplement a program tor«run and train \'Olunll'tl" counsel t(l represent indi· gent dealh·row inmalH whose la ...•· )'ff5 ha"e "';Ihdrawn from their cues aflef unilUC"<:l!$sfll1 d,~ appeals. T~ pr<JK .... m 's spe-Jr~aded by a special oomm;ltee of civil lawyers. l:lol\!llas A.... nl. chairman. Project director is Dennis M. lIalske. Indigtnt Defmse Committee chairman. T~ first train· ingstSSlOfl "'ill becooducted (>eamber 12 in Mobile. The session is fll'(' and will provide approximately 7.0 CI.E C11.'<Iiu. Chid Judge John Godbold. Umted Slates Court of Appeals for I~ Ihh Circuli. will present t~ "Clar' enee (}arrow Award " to a law)".... or lawyers who ha"e JIf'Ivided "o/untcer scn-ice!! to indigent C8111tal defendants. As ~uested by the T a s k Fo . ce on Alternati ...~ Method,; of Dis pute Resolu tion . the board U rommi~ sionen hu endorwd the C()rt<':CpI U a unifonn arbitration 3d. T~ board is expected to adopt a proposed act at its Ncwembo:r meet ing and authorize ;t s introdUdion in the nut sessionofthc Alabama legislature. Local bar associations should n~e Ihat t~ board lWO"ed t~COflC"p! 01 mediation cent...-s for minor dispult-S and authorized thelask f~ to assist in development 01 local pt'<JKrams. (n · teresttd associations may obta", ass,s· ta~ by calling or W"I'n(!: mediation subcommittee chairman Rodney A. Max. 2125 Morris A,·enue. Bimnng· ham. Alabama 35203. telephone J28.

The American Bar AS5OCiatiQn ', "Model Rule!of l'Tofessional Conduct" are under study by the P erm ;", e n t Cude C,,"''''iss io n. The COIll1n;ssion ;s working clO5Cly wit h the A~A', ~pe cial counsel on the model ruIn. It planned to OJI!1piete t~ first p/1.3sr of liS st udy by late October 1985. In t~ f~ of 7A ..d~ D. Off'" of

under·

taken," s laled Alabama State Bar President James L. North in hiS first ~ to 11M: membffi;hip. T ..'enty-ont committees and task f~ have '-ied 1ha1 charge and

ml'l

tiffs' and defendants' alike. toconslder be<:ommg charter members of I his im· plrtant new group.

I986Midyca r Mc c t ing 01 t~ bar a~ ...·ellll~ way. ~c· ((Irdin(!: !Oromm'lI~cMirmanJames T. Sasser. The mee\1ng will begm in Montgomery. Wedne$day and Thill'S' day. March 19 and 20. and t<)r1tinue in Ikrmuda. T hursday through Monday. March 2t).2~. Cl.E. rommilll'e meet· ings and social ac\1\"11ies w,ll make up Wtdnesday'. and Thursday's program. The Ikrmuda program will include a CI.E seminar and thus will be tax de· ductibl... Pl~ are limited. and t~ 0051 will be $600 to S7OO_ ~'ony -fi,~ bar mtm~ had;o.~ the proposed Li t ilto1tion Sec t io n by late September. Chai rman Tennent l.l'e encouragt.'l! all trialla"·ytrs. plain·

!);sdP/imlry Co"'ISl'I fJ/ Ihc S"Pl'I'lIJf (Qurl 4 Ohio. 105 S.C!. 22605 ( 1985). the Tas k Fo.~e un l.n w y er Ad" ....· tis in l/ll nd Solicitat ion has red .... fled PfOI)06ed rules forconsitleralion by the SUpm1le Court of Alabama. Those rules ha"e ~ submitted to the board of commissioners for study, approval and transmittal to the court. T~ task fOfCe a 1$0 ronsider"td .'!eVenl ~ her U.S. Supreme Court ca!;tS in prq:l/lration for t~draft,ng pro;ect and ul,h1.N ex· tensivecommentarie5de"eioped by t~ AliA to a<:romp;my its model rules of professional conduct. M!.I' 0

Richard Wilson & Associates Registered Professional Court Reporters 132 Ad~ms Avenue M omgomery. AI.b<l1lliI 36104

264-6433

~cent

C9J)ecisions '"

}oIIM M . MiU;"&J~.•

,,,,,I Dtlrid 8. ByI'M. Jr, Recent Decisions of the

Supre me Coun of Alabama-Civil E:l(Cc \IIors a nd

administrators ... sec tio n '13·8·198 'in itial pleading' defined E"Kt'1IitI Kalilr. tic, o. lames N, Rig· don. 19 ARR 3J6.I (AuguSI30. 1985)-

In this care, the court was asked 10 consider w!Jf,ther a motion 10 Hansler a will COOtest ri~ by the prOpOntIll ..."houl suppon of a TeSponsi,~ an5"'er can serve n a prop:Kle11t'5 "initial pleading" f(]( purposes of §4HJ· I98. Codt of Alabama 1915. The supreme

court said no. The proponent submitled thewill forprob,lIe. Tt.esameday, Kaller filed a COIllest

the .... ill. The

proponent filed ~\'eral papers during the ensuing months but never filed an

answer. Shortly before Ihecase was 10 be tried. the prOpOI"Ie11l filed a moIion 10 u"ansfer lhe conlest 10 circuit court. The moIion was grant..!. and Kaller filed a mOlion 10 Ttmaoo 10 prob;tte court for lack of jurisdiction. Both molions wert deni('(i, and this appeal follownl. $tction4J.8.I98,$lIprtJ. pnI'I-ides that the probale COUrt must uansift" the COI1te!it ··upon ... ckmand ... made in writing at the time of {he initial pleading... :. T herefore. Ihe demand must be ma~ when the movanl files hi, inillal pltading. Thesupremecourt looked al Rule 7. AHCP .and determined lhal a "MO(ion to Tran$f....·· is nOl a "pleading." In the contelCt 0/ this CiI!Ie. the p!"()pOI1cnl's "initial p\cading·· for pu ....

po5tS of §4J.3.I!lII. is his answtJ". In this case. there was no answ .... and. consequently. the circuit court did not ha"e jurisdiction.

Insunul ce .• • dut y to defend ,,' a y continue e ven t h ough pOlic y limils an: tendered

C", Allnt &mply.j ... tllIl.

~.Inlrg·

rily In,ul"{ma u,m/J<l"Y. 19 ABI'! 3268

(Augu st 30. 1985) - In a case of fiTst impression in Alabama. lhe supRm<" court was Isked to consider whether an insurer is Il'lie,·ed of ,II obIigalion todden<! itl insurro by paying the policy limiu into court. Integrity wTOIea S 1O.000-20,OC() policy i nlU n iii Sa m ply. T he policy provide:! that the "duty to settle ordefend ends when oor limit of Iiabilily for this cm'erage has been u hausted:· Sampiy was in an ao;cident and Wa.'l sued. Inlegrity commenced the defense and su~uently filed a declar;lIory judgment action seeking permission 10 pay its limilS into court and to be Telie\"ed of further defense

obligations. The lria] court ruled in fa· , 'or of IntegrUy . The supreme court reversed. The paTt ies agrted that Ihcre is a split of alllhority among the jUTisdictions O'o·er thi, issue.l lowev ..... 1he rna· jority opinion is that the insurer is abo 1IOI"ed of its dUI)' 10 defend only II/Itr (I ) il had eilher stilled wilh tht plain· tiff for its policy limils. or (2) I he insu· ralla claimanl had obtained a judgment tqual 1001" exceeding thost IImill or (3)11 had obtained theconsenl of the insured. The supmne court follo.... ed the majorit y vicw which ~sooaIthat Ihecourts' conCl'rn was that by simply Itnden ng I 1M' Iimi IS. the insurer would avoid aUlhe burden5 of defense_ The drfense of suits by the insurff is a val· uable right of the msurro for which he pay. and to which he is enlitled. The insurer may not pay relatively low limil s into courl and abandon the insured s,mply beoouse lhecosl of defense and appeal may be formidable.

Oi l. gas and miucrallcases •.• 'Mot h e r lIubbard' va lid

clau ~

jolur j . Wltjltll104. tllllll.]. B. JoIu,· dilL t9 ASII: 1115 (March 15. 19&5) -In a case of initial imprtis ion in Alabama. the 8upreme court consi· dered the \'alidity and application of a lX\'VtI".aU" or .. Mot her Hubbard" clause conlained in an oil . gas and mineral lease. Theclaust provide:! thaI in addi· lion 10 land dtscribed therein. lite lease a lso cm'crs aU contiguous. adjacenl or adjoining land owned 01" claimtd by lhe lessor by ··lim,lation. pnoscripllon. p0ssession. Il'\'err.ion or unl'tCOf'ded in-

S/IIN.

{J,wid 8.

"'..... /M r rimjH(J1 ,jK',j{I£,m/ d.:rision,.

rrtl'"'

5trumen!." Cain, the lessor, leased five ~ to Johnaton. Cain also claimed ownership 01 an additional ooe-acre adjoining llripol bmd by ad'~ pos. ~ion. Cain s ubsequently leased the ooe-acre stnp to another pany. and Johnston daimed an interet in the Strip by virtue 01 the Mother lI ubbanl clause. The trial COUrt awankd the strip 01 land to Johnston by vi rtue 01 thcclause. Thesupremecourt affirmed Ihe trial COlIn. Alt hough there were no Alabama a Ulhorities in poin l. other ju risdictions have given limited a wlicalion 10 lhe!ie clauses to "cure millOr defects in descriptionsand toclotie Up gaps, wedges and omitted llrips.. .. T he clause is in, tended to apply only to small tracts 01 land adjacent to spec:iflC2l1y described land. but inad'"fflmtly omitted small tracts 01 land which ...·eff said tocon· Stilute a pan 01 a larger described ,~.

Pri vilege lUX. seC liontlO - 17- 174 •.•

"w holesale" lind "'retail"' sales d efined Ex fJt1rlt: It''>eJI Mari", Supply. ["c.. tllll, (Shllt of lllaOO lllll V. Z''''tll Ma· n", S. ppIy. IneJ, 19 ABR 2817 Ouly ]9. ]985)- ln Ihiscase, theooun was asked todetermint the meaning 01 the term "w~lt .. as used in §40-]7· ] 74. C4dt 0{ ""'00 ..... ]975. lhe privi· lege tax statute for Iutl oil sellfn. ~

statute levies a privilege lax on "each linn ... II/'Iling fUl'I oils at wholesale. that istosay in quantities 0I25g311ons or mort .... " Thecoun 01 appeals held thaI petitionen ",'<'ff sut.;ec:t to the tax. i~ .. they sold at "wholesale" ~ cause t hey sold in quantities 0125 gal, Ions or mort. Petilioners argued lhal lhequantily oIlhe sale should not ron· lrol and that lhey &f11 exc1usi"ely al "retail" because lhey sell 10 ultilllal, <"0".,/111'" ollhe fuel oils. T he supreme court agreed wit h the peliti(lntn; and sta led that even if .. wholesa It" origi n.a II y on Iy mea nt sa Ies in largequantity, its meaning has now cometo include ttleconcept such sales are usually ules for ruale. nOl sales to ultimate consumers. T he supreme COlIn also noted lhe sales tax s t.atute!l preser-.~ the distinction betw~ ules for f'6Ile and t~ for consumption and that it would be anomalous to t!'tat the same ules differently depending merelyon lhe tax statute. The s UJll'tme court noted any ambiguity in a laKing statute is to be resolved in favor '" the taxpaj'eT. Torl S, , • cil y immun e from suit for failure to provi d e police

protec tion JoII~ M, Ctlloqidn~. Cily 0{ MoUilt. 19AijR 3 133(AuguSl23, 1985) - Cal· <Jgrides was a!lS.l.ulted by a group 01 t~. males while altending a fi~

OJ.

worksdispl:ay sponsored in part by the City 01 Mobi]e. Eiihty·tw ... poIiI."I:' oIfic· en; we!'t assIgned to the fire,,·orks d,5' play. The $U'I al~ that thecity~· hgtntly failed 10 provide adequate secunty. The tnal court granted the city's motion for summary judgment. and plaintiff appealed. This precise question had not been drei!ltd by Alabama', Supreme CooTt. although the court earlier had an· noon«<! • geneTlll immunity rule for cities "in t hose narrow a reas of go"emmcnta l activity essent ial to the well·being oIlhe governed, where the imiXl$,tion of liability could be reason· ably ealculatfd to materially Ihwart the dty's ~timate efforts to pro\";.H, , , . public lII'f"Vices," In this case. the IUpreme COUrt stalfld the immunity exlends to matten; in,-o/ying "public Ilea II h. safely and II he I ~no:ra] ""dfare 01 its citi~n .. " ," T he immunity in· cludes the alltged failure of the ciW to provide adequate police I""Olection. Quoling from New York authorities, the court nllled the amounl of police prolecti(}ll is limi ted by the resouTces of the city and by a considered legisl'" t ive-executivedecision as to how those resources may be deJlloyed.

Venue " , ma y a fo r cigncorporalion be s ue d in a count y w here il does no bus iness?

UNITED I.XlMI'AHES flNANClALCORPORATlClN

REALLY GOOD NEWS Here', a lender making 20 year loans with FiXeD interest rates. Not variable, FIXEO FOR 20 YEARS Commercial - Investment loans. first mortgages.

Properties; Office buildings, shopping centers. light indu strial. New construction, retlab. p!"operties. or existing buildings.

S .... kers: We can provide Forward Commilmenls, up 10 one year in advance, lor permaTlertlioans 10 coyer your construction loans. United Companlet It a one-bilion dollar, financial company Il$led on AMEX.. Andrew T, Gray,*", CCtM SouIhcre.t Bldg., Suite 201 Phona: 1025 Montgomery Highway (205) 979-0367 Btrmtngllam, AL 35216

/llJNJ (&rjDtd tiqMiplNOl1 VJmpaNJ P.

TONJ "'yrich. tllll). 19ABR 2737/July 12. 1985) - Burford Equipment Com· pany sold a s kidder 10' Mvrirl< BurfQrd finaOC«!lhe sale and took a lI«urity int('l'Ht in the skidder and assigned its inl«HltQClT . Myrick ddaultM. and Burford sued Myrick and CIT in MOI'Itgomery County seeking a declaratiOl'l of its rights under thecontract. Myrick is a residenl 01. Butler County and filed a motioro tQ cha~ venue \Q Butitt' County. T he trial court gr<Inted the motioro. and Burford filed ttlis prIitioro for writ of manda mus too vacate the Iransfer QIlthe grounds ttlat CIT wasa foreign coo pOlation qualified in Ala· bama but " 'hictl did no bu$il'le$l by agent in Butitt' County. The supreme court deniM the writ .nd $latM the trial coort did not abust: it3 discretion in detcrmining that CIT was not a "material"' dtfendant and thaI . thtrd<u. the venue provisions relative too individual defendants. 1101 tllo&eof f«eign corporntions.go>Iemed lhis actWn and made venue proper in BUllcr County. T he s upreme court reaSQTlt'd that since CIT might tla.·c been joined as a plaintiff or migtlt tla\'e been dismissed .... ithout pn:judice beca use of §&6-227. Coth of A/a/IQIIJIJ 1975, in whictl cast: Butler County wQuld ha.'c been ttlc rorTeCt venue. ttle joining Qf CIT as a def~ndant s tlould n.oI defeat the othtrwise PIQIlCr venue 01. "material" defendants. espKially where the int~t 01. Burford and CIT are s ubstantially the same.

Rcccn t Decis ions of th c Suprc m c Court of A1a bama-Criminal

New s tandurd rC{luirc d for pre se r v ing ins tru c tion a l ~,

Ex Park CM177, 471 So.2d 476 (Ala. 1984), o:h. den. April 1985 - The s tandan:l set forttl in AI"'" u, Sia lt. 414 So.Zd 989 (Ala . Crim. AW. (981) mnd Trmporary Rule 14. AI~bama Ru lesof Criminal Prtadu~, abolistl the <lid rule ,,·tlich provided for an "auullnatic e!CCeP\ion·· f(ll" ~fusal togi\'e requested ju ry ctla rges. Ttle proper proc«lure to preserve errQr 01'1 appeal is delineated

in Trmpol"1uy Rule 14. Alabama Rules of Criminal Pr(l(X'(\u~. which reads in pertinent part as follQw s: "No 1'8rt~ ""Y ' $SIll" _....tor lho Court'. living or 1.,(,,,,, to gi,.., a _I,", ,l1li""";"" or tho IIV;1lI '" an errontOUS. mislotodina. ;nnmplttt. or 'mpn>per oral chlrgr.

01""""''''

/1.. ..1<1 fltf~ .. I • • i~,., ,..Ii m t. ",,,,,idu it. ""n/ict . tali"ii/h. fP'iJ~.rd 1<1 dir. h• • /J Q.rd Ih. tr'JIO..a. " . . . .'iQN. " ~ wltsr • • ohj«t.

Accordingl y. if ttletrial jud~ marks a written requestM tnSlroction "refused," then defenst: counsel ,w,uld hayc been placed on noti~ that ttle charge Wali not going 10' be given. and at ttlil poinl his failure 10 abject tQ the refusal would constitute a wai,·('I'. The CN177cast: ultimately was ~v· ersed nQtwittlstanding ttle defense oounsel"s fai lure to oomply wittl Tem · porary Rule 14 because the unanimous verdict ctla~ issofundament alto the righll d lhedtfendantthal the court's failure too charge (III that requirement necessarily must be pn:judicial.

·Good timc· tc,'ocation mandat es fun due process hcaring Ifal':kins •. StaIr. 19 ABR 2730(Au· gIIst23. 1985)- An inmate m,y n.oI be dtpri\..,j d"good \l1Tle" benefits with· OUI being acmrded al IeaSI !I(In'Ie mooi . (um d due prOCess al his disciplinary he~ring. Hl: Parle IJJal/d. 441 So.2d 122 (Ala. 1983) In Qrder 10' satisfy Ihe due p!'OCI5S requiremenls in a prison dillci, plinary poooetd,ng which couklrnult in the ~VQC:;Itoon d '.good time" ~ fit$. lhe inmale must be provWkod with advan~ wrinen notice Qf th~ charges against him and a wrillen statement 01. the evidence ~Iied upon and the ~a' 500S for thextiQIl!;. LI'ol/ v. Mc[)oudl.

418 U.S.539(1974); Will;" .... V.

Imagine:

You're about to erect a spectacular new office tower. There 's just one small hitch. The site for the monumental new offICe bu,ldln.g seemed

perfect. Except for one thing. The company preferred not too have a train runn ing thrQugh the lobby. But a railroad held a right of way across the property. and tl"1lin t rackS were .scattered oyer part Qf a n Qtherwise picturesque scene. A number of othe!" problems thrutened to snatter everythIng. They didn't . Because Commonwealth worked with counsel and representatives from the I"1Illroad. the city and the . company too keep th ings Qn t he trOlCk. So t he building-instead Qf the 5 o'ClOCk express-arrived righ t on schedule . Whether your project is a n office building that's stretching skyward. or a single·family oome tllat's sitting pretty. call commonwealth . Our service really gnmake a difference. W. turn Qbstacles IntO' opportuniti es.

G ..

iNw.

386 So.2d 41 5(Ala. 1980) In Williams u. 1)(,.;1.•"pra. the Suo premeCoort of Alabama held Ihat due proctSS requirM an inmale beallo",M too introduce witnesses and produce documentary evidence unltss the alImdanced such witReSSeSCf" the pro-

COHHONWEAlIH lAtoI)' 11lU--......:t00Hr...-tY

"'_'-_c-

164 St. Francis Street . P,O. Bc:lx 2265 Mobile. AL 36652 • (205) tlJ3.2534

duction of such documentary evidence would be unduly hazardous to inst it utional safety orcorrectional goals. However, the due process st andard enun· ciated in lVil/iams is flexible and must be utilized by the courts to balance the interest of the inmate in avoiding the loss of his good time benefits against the interest of the prison in institu· tional safety and cocrfftional goals.

Les,.e r incl uded o ffens e . .. when to c harge SlorR o. SIDle. 19 ABR 2678 (ruly 3. 1985) -In Siork, the sole issue before the supreme court was whether a per·

son who denied committ ing an offense with which she is charged is neverth eless entitled to a jury instruction on a lesser included ollense supported by th~ evidence. Thedefendant wascharged with as· sault in Ihe first degree. and the trial court charged the jury on assault in Ihe first and second degrees. but reo fused thedefendant's request tocharge on assault in the third degree. Thejury found the dclendant guilty of assault in the second degree. Justicr Maddox. writing for a un· animous COUrt. held the defendant has the right to request instructions based upon any material hypothesis which the evidence in his favor tends toestablish. In this case. one view of the facts "'as that the defendant was involved in fighting wilh the victim. which would ha"e justified a charge on the lesser iTICluded offense of third degree assault. In reversing. the court followed its earlicr decision in Ex po.rle Ch,,,,,;rS, 361 So.2d 1106 (Ala. 1978): .,AnI nd ividual accused of thegn::. ter offense has the right to have the court oharge "" lhe lesser oflen..,. included in the indictment. when there i• • '.a"""able lheory f.om lhe evidence supporlin~ his pOSilioo. Fulghm D. Slol" 291 AI • . 7\. 2n So.2d 886 ( t973). A oou,l may propotly refuse to charge on lesser in· cluded olfenses only (I) when it is c\oa, to the judicial mind llult Ih<ff is no tyidenct tending 10 bring the offense within the definition 01 the lesser offense, or (2) when the requesled eharge would IuIv. the Itn· de~l' 10 mislead or confuse the jury.

Ju ven ile re cord ... prope r im peac h m e n t Lpm O. SIDle. 19 ABR 2687 (rull' 3. Lynn was a death penalty case.I'rior to calling Strong (a n admit · ted aecom pllee to the crime) to tesl ify. the proseculion made an oral motion in limine which was argued in chambers outside the presence of the jury. The motion reque!ted that counsel for the defendant be precluded from an in· quiry int(l Strong's juvenile record. The trial court granted tltt motion stating such cvidence was not admiss· ible f(lr impeachment purpooes and in· s trueted Lynn's lawyer not to mention Strong's juvenile record in any way. The supreme court reversed and held on independent state grounds (Ala. Const. 1901. Art. 6; Vxlt 0/ A"'· boma 1975., 12·21·137). that the defendant's right to a thorough and sift· ing cross·examination was unduly hampered by the trial court's granting of the state's motion. Mr. J usticeJones reasoned as follows: 1985) -

r.,

.. tl i. nO! an ()\"ffSt.t.menl to os· !it'l thaI SI.ong·S t.. tim(101y con· tributed 10 Ihis [)dendant', beIng sentenced to the ela1ric chair. In exch.nge for hi. ,worn Itatemen t. shifting Ihe bulk 011 he bla me for t he homicide aw.y from himself and "" to Defendanl Lynn. Slrong "'as 01fered. and he «,<.i,·ed.• Ihirty·yea, sentence for the non"",,";tal offon.. of burgl.ry, l!ecause of th';r relationship in lhe;o;m commission of this horribl. crime and lhe o\"ff. whelming weigh I of Slron~', tosti· mooy agai nst Lynn. 00IlS1 ilutiooal con· siderati"", mand.lelhallhe Defend .nt nO! be ,eo;Iricted in hi. cross· examination d. Strong 115 loan)" matt.." of probat y 01 worth:' Ultimalely, the supreme court held "that the rules of fair playas COntem· plated by the COnst ilutional guarantee (If witness confrontalion and as im· plemented by statute. pl a~ in the defendant's arsenal the right to subjeo;t that witnes>! and his credibility. which

necessarily includes his potential bias and sell·interest to cross-exami nation. including the useofhis juvenile record.·,

Representative o f co·defendants ... conflict o f interes t ParadiM v. Siale. 19 ABR 3168 (Au · gust 23. 1985) - In August 1973. two Atmore prison farm inmates. Ollie Adams and John Wesley, were killed. The grand jury returned an indict· ment against Paradise for the first degree murder of Ollie Adams. By separ· ate indictment, the grand jury charged Paradise's oc:oom pi ice a nd co-dclendant, Issac Hood. witn the first degree mur· der of John Wesley. Paradise and Hood had the same counsel appointed to represent them. Subsequently. Paradise filed a pro M petition for writ of COram nobi•. alleging h is Si xth Amend · ment righl to effective assistance of counsel was vi(llated. The writ was denied without a hearing by the trial court. Paradise appealed. and thecourl of criminal appeals affirmed without opinion. The supreme court. in a un animous decision. reversed. Paradise asserted his Sixth Amend· ment right to adequate counsel was denied when his appointed counsel represented him despite a conflict of interest because of counse]"s representation of his co-defendant. Under the doctrine established in Cllyler V. SlIlIi· <'<In, 44-6 U.S. 335 (1980), the petitioner must show a potential confliel of interest amounts to a constitutional viola' tion. i.e, he must show a conflict of interest which adversely affects his law;'er"s performance. In support of his writ. Paradise filed an affidavit which asserted that his lawyer ar· ranged Hood's plea bargain. which included the requirement that Hood tes' tify against Paradise in the event of a capital offense trial.lf true. such a con· niet would clearly constitute a Sixth Amendment violalion of due process.

Start getting ready . . . for the 1986 Midyear Conference March 19 and 20!

Black Attorneys Stand Up And Be Counted The N uional Bar Assoc iation Is Launc hin g A Historic Nat io nwide c- nsus o rOla ck A llorneys Stp.embo. I 'hroueh

Ck~r

31,1985.

Br u llin, the Ceruw Hotli ..... l-800-lJZ..oI II . you will:

• Ikcom. a par, of a ~omp .. "'r·b_d n., w.".k o( O,".r 11,000 black la .... ye .. in SO 1t0l". • Rtoei"•• oompl im~n.ary iubK ril'tion to the NBA 13"lIe';o wh ich co"us topi« and iM.. e. ()( in •• r." ." y'IU. • Rutin an in "i, •• io" ", be [;".d in .he ron. Na" "",,1 N SA Mcmbon hip DilftlOry. an in. valuabl. ne,working ,001 f.,.. today" black It·

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Be Cou nted With Your Colleagues Ac ross The Country And AcrQS5 Town By Ca lling Toda y! 1.800.2)2"() III Ce o, ... Spon."rs

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Opinions of the General Counsel b, William II . Morro .... Jr.

e!lgetoa tnbtlnal or OlM nthoritytmpo-.o.·~ 10 inV1'S\igatt or oct upon slICh vioouion:'

QUESTION: "l)Qes a La ..·y cr h uve II du ty to ' CIIOr! all u nprivi . leged knowle dge of conduct of another law)'er which he be lie ,'u dearly 10 be in violatioo of a Oisd l.linary

RuLe whe n the ()( her law}'er iSOJIPOlIing counsel in .. pending matter ?"

AN SWER: A lawyer has II duty to report \0 II tribunal OT authorit y empowered 10 investigate or act UpOn luch violation all unprivileg8l knowltd~ of conduct of any IaWj'ff he believts elt,nl), to bf, in violation 011 Oi!lciplinary RUle, and tile fad thai the OIM lawyer ;5 opposing CO\Insd in II prnding matterdoes 001 relieve him d his duty. H""~ver. it is unethical for II lawyer 10 threaten 10 present 10 the proper

tribunal OT authority Ihe "iolation of II Disciplinary Rule by

aROlIIer lawyer solely to obtain an advantage in a pending

mauer. DISCUSSION: Ethical CQnsideration 1-4 in ptrtinent part provides:

Although the languagtof DR 1· I03(A) appears tobtclear

and unambiguous. Wt It.a~f reui~ed at least OIM' nqUe!it for • formal opinion and $('Vt'B1 informal iTlquirifs ooncemi1lll the question pOSed hfff'ln. Thf Teluctaoceon the part oJ.laW)'ff'$ to Tej)Of"I incidences of professional misconduct by (>ther !awytrs was a "Pfeial concern to the ABA Special Commiuee on Evaluation of Disciplinary Enforctmfnt headed by Just~ Clark. Tile Tej)Of"Iof this committee contains the following:

••• "AlLhough !aW)'MllM jt>dges havt the rwcnsary backgroond 10 evatuale lilt condllCt of allClrntys and a .. far belltr equipped than laylnl'n 10 rtC<JK. nin v10Iltt ioN of profeosional rdo ...... t1 '~y fe-a·cornplaint . ... lIllbmined todlocipli ... ry .... cies by mtmben of the profossian. Thll /.oct has bIien C.led II a mojor .. ubltm by nearly tvery doopl.nary -cm<Y in the Unue:! S.lt8I1lln"f)~

".ncb

by thIS

"The inttgl'ityohhe profe$$ion can be mlinlair.ed only if conduct oIla ... yel'$ in viol'lion 01 the Disci· plinary I! ulel il broughl 10 lhe aUtntion of the P<O\lC'"oIh';"lf,. " t,wyf<should ~~ Y(IIuntltily to tholt offocilol, "II unprivileged k_""", of condllCl of Law)'Ml which he believes dNt(:f 1<1 loP in vW;,btion of the Oitcipli ... ry Itllia. (~phaois

Disciplinary Rule 1· I02(AXlj ptm'ides:

'1M A lawyf< shall not: (1 ) Viobttf. Dnciplirwy Ru~

Common ....

••• "1/ ;ndlv.:l~llllor""'l.nd iudir:llhirk thaI

re-

spcmibibty pmnini. ~ in their mid$t to fSCIlM' ditcipl,nary oction IInltu the co"","'su. ..... a", ",,","ed by b.,mm. the p.<blic ..... y <:ond~ that ·... If·poIicing· ia in retllity 'OfIf-prnleaion: The I.illl'" of IUomtyl and jud~ 10 "'port inlll~ of miscoodllCt. wMe ~ndoobledty the mill! of 1M ahn061 univtraal ",I[IC!a""" 10 inform. ham~ efl«ti'"eenf~lnI'nt and doM a diSM'"oia to the bmch. the t.r and the ... bI .....

Disciplinary Rule 1·103(A) provida: "(A) A lawy~~in g unprivi~ knowledge of. vioiatiOfl 01 DR 1·102 shall "'port luch knowl·

'"The Ulltenot and .. .......,aI .... oIl1nau.s. to. &tiM ...·;Ih a ratatoment Qithe obligatioN of Ia~and Judeoeo. ,hould bt ~phlliud in t.r publicalionl:'

•••

Thf: caw of Eslaln TIINlns. [>te. ~. CaI,,,,,/Ji.a PkI~ 1't:I /1Uf/U1rin. 11ft:. " <>1.. 345 F. Supp. 93 (S. D.N.Y. 1972), U"iltdSillln~. ~a". 531 F~.2d262 (5tIlCir. I916) and kvlijdIlL •. GoUhIri"t1,tI.. 724 F~ .2d1W4 (bt Cir.I9&&), invoh'~ motions for disqualiHcation «opposina (OUn$t1 becJ.u$t« alltwed conflicts« interests. However. the opin· ion. in each cue spe.:ifoca.lly refer to DR 1·103(A) and dis· cuss the obIigation« an attorney to report unethiol con· duct « an opposing attorney to tM appropriate authorities. In E.illles Tlwll't:l. INC.. tM COlt" sta tM:

••• " When tht propriety of professional conduct i. qUClt joo(d. I ny member'" t he flo r w Ilo is I WlIn '" the fact' which ltivt rise to tho: iss"" i. dUly bound

1<1 ~I tho: mailer 1<1 lho: p!'O\lCf 100000m. and a Iribullli lO whoee alltnlion an aUqed vioIalion i. broua:hl is ,i millOrly dUly bound 10 dcI~,no if lhen: is Iny -';1 \0 lilt cN~"

Gop_"

In the case the COlt" cited the EJl<lln TIINlrn wilh approval.nd observed:

Cil5e

••• " W her! I nIt lornl')' di $<OvtrI a possibi<o ~ hinl v;'" lltlion oJncfrning a mailer t..lor. . court. ho: is not ooly aUlhorized but i. in lact o>blig3tM 10bring tho: probitm 10lhat CQllrI·.lIttntion. ~ Eswlt. l ·/ud . 1m. /"', •. c..Jn ,biti I'iclMm lMM.lria. /"c,. 345 ~. SUP\l. 93. 98 (S.D.N.Y. 1972), Nor is then: any 18...... why this duty should no! optrIltt when. as in I ho: pnvnt ca... a lawyer is dincti"ll t ho: COI.>rt" I luention to the DDndl><l '" _ina: COI.>nod. In fact ,' lltw)'a'·• .:IVtnary ... ill ofttn lit: in tho: bose. positlOl'l to disrovcr unethical bthavior.~

Theopinion in the kvlij case contains tM follooo'ing:

••• '11\e Modfl Codt of ProI..won.! Rttporui\:Jitity, DR 1·I03(A) cltarly requi"", that an atl~ oomt forward if he has knowledge of an actual or pot..,. tial violation of • Disciplinary Rult: 'A Lowyer p<* _illi unprivileged knowledge at a violatioo of DR 1·102 . hall ~port l uch knowledll" toa tribunal or ~her luth(ll'ily .mpo"........J to ;nvtst;g.ttar IoCt

upon such violation,' It iltvidtfU thJ.1 thed;sq~l~ fication moeioo. ahlloua:h In tilt narno Dillie plain. ,iffs. was ac\~lIy bn>uaItt by Att~ Cardner. M

The Comm;u "", on Ethies and PToIeuional Responsibil· ity of the Amtrican Bar Associuion in Informal Opinion 1379 (1976) held that if a La .... Yff only suspects opposing (OUnwlof mi$COllduct , tM law)'e" has no duty 10 report under DR 1·I03(A). Specifically. theoommitt"'" hekllhal an at torney has no duty to rtport opposing counsel's potential conflict at interest if I conflict has no! clearly materialized in thecourse o1tM litigation. Although a lawyerdoel haveadu ty toreport all unprivi· leged knowledg.: of oonduct of anotllv atwrney which he believes clearly tn be in violation 01 a Disciplinary Rult wMn the other lawyer is opposing counsel in a pending matttr, .... e believe lhat for an attorney to threaten to report a violation« a Disciplinary Rule by an owosingCOltnsel in a ptnding matter. un\es$ opposing (OUnsel cono:tdes to ar· laindoemands in a ptnding mailer. would conSlituteuntthi· ca.1 conduct. Allhough DR 7·105(A) dnls willi "criminal charges" ad provides .• A Lawyer sha.1I not present, partici· pate in presenting. or threaten to pruent criminal chargl:'S solely tnobtain an advantage in I civil mattff." ....e believe that by analogy Ihis OR is relevant and an attorney threat· ening to present to an approprUlt aUlhority a violation of a Disciplinary Rule solely to obt.in an advantage in a ptnding matter woukl constitute unethical conduct in violation 01 OR 1·102(AXS) and (6) and perllaps other provisions of the Code 0/ l'YOfesliw~al Rt5fX»ISil>ility. tJ

An Intensive Program in

TRIAL ADVOCACY FIRST ANNUAL GULF COAST REGIONAL Janua ry 2·12, 1986 Loyola Law Schoo! New Orleans, Louisiana This inten l; "" pr<>gram if dtsigntd for attorneys with I... than Ii~ yt'3" of t.ptrie"""" Tht NITA method of ttachlng trial ;>dvocacy incorporatts tum teachins,. viol ... tKhnology. faculty demonstrationf and $IlMitnt participatOon. for an informational brochun ""d application. contact :

J AM ES G. MUNGER AND ASSOCIATES _~. , ...,

eo.-_.

r...r._u-y ................

NITA·

•.0.100 1173 tuUM..... . lAII..... nose

,ws, 73'·3155

.....

P.....b),A<bon

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6163 So. CIwieo A .... N... o.k..o. L\ 70118 (SOt) I6S·1260

In Memoriam had been a member 0/ the Alab:lma Slale Bar and the Montgomery County Bar for more than 40 years. He was a nalive of Mulberry. Alabama. receiving his early education in the publkschools of AUlauga County. llegrndu31ed from Binningham South-

ern College in 19'29. receiving his legal education at the University of Ala· bama Law School, Jones Law rnSlitute. from which hegraduated in 1938. and Harvard University following World War II. where he did graduale work in income. eslale and gift taxation. During the 1930s. following hisgra· duation from Birmingham Southern.

Fontaine Maury Howard Fontaine M. Howard died March ZO, 1985. following a massi,'e stroke on that date. lie was 76 years of age and

I\h~arn, ~larl· loui .... Gardr... r Blrmingh.m - A/lm,"e<J : 1977 Die<J' Augu>l (;, 1985

Fontaine laught histor)' and mathemat ics and was an assistam athletic coach at Montgomer{s Cloverda le Junior High School. There are people today who rtler to him as "Coach'"

Howard. With his quiet and reticent manneT. such is hard for some \0 un-

derstand. but not the writer. for when

ch ips were down, J have ne"er known a more determined and resolute person, The following are on ly a few of Fon· taine's many contributions to his profes>;ion and to mankind: Fontaine was president of the Mont· gomery County Bar Association in 1959. He served as chairman of the Montgomery Estate Planning Council. chairman of the Al abama Federal Ta x Committee. member of the Alabama Lawyer.< Advisory Board, president uf Montgomery Jayct:'e$, chairnlan of t he Montgomery County Education Study Committee, president of the I9TJ Mont· gomery Area United Appeal and pR'Si· dent of the Montgomery K ;wan ;s Club in 1970-71. lie further served as chairman of the Board of Stewards of thc First Methodist Church of Montgomcry, was a Sunday school teacher there for nearly 40 years and was generally aClive in the Alabama·West Florida Conference of the Unik..:l Methodist

Thffie notice.; are published immediately after n'jlOrtS of death are rt~; \'ed, Bi¥8phlcal information not appearing in th is issue will be published." a laterdate ifinformmion is accessible. We ask you promptly report the dea th of an Alabama attorne}' to the Alabama State Bar, and we would appreciate your as.~istanc~ in providing biographical information for The Alnltama Lauyer.

Boone. Jame~ Caner 11""'[011 , Texas - Admined 1930 t)jed: NOI'ember 2. 1984

Fe nn. William 1101. Binningham _ Admil1ed: 1%9 Died : September 7, 1985

Ne ece, WiUiam Archibatd BlTmlngh,m _ Admille<J: 1m o,e<J: Sq>lember 18. 1985

Cammack. "rnes. GN )' Fairhope _ Admille<J: t931 Died: Jun. R t985

Murphy. Na)' Walker lIr.d3Iu.i. - .~dmilu'<I: 19-18 lhed, Stj,tembt1' 2,1985

Nobi_, !iamuei llill ~1<>rence - Admiue<J: t9-l7 Dioo:July 19,1985

Fal't"lI~ ~

Nolen. Charle . William Admr ued : 1949 Died: September 7. 1985

Sm l-er, Sidney William. J r. \'f<;t"vi. Hill< - Admitted: 1951 Died: August tS , HIllS

Pa l·ne. Jame~ Neid, Jr. ~1 ""'lIOIn<ry - Admin"": 1933 Died: s.pt.mber8, 1985

Whi.mi ..... "I)'a nt And,...,,' Bimlingham - Admuted: 19J6 lIied:July 10. 1985

C.nH,

J._

M""t~ r)'

DiM:

Job_on - Admitted: t934

Oct"b." •. t985

Conooran. Na,-mond Aus!in Mobile - Admil!cd- 19T.! [j,ed:July 18. I!ISS

Church. AI lhe lilM of his ckalh and since 1911. Fonlai~ "" as a ntmIberof lhe Board of Trustees 0( Binning!lam Soulhern CQlkge. In 1M: World War II years. Fontame sm.. ed as an officer in Ihe Uniled Sl a les Navy.jusl before he lefl for ser· vke(il seems li kc yeslerday). Ihis wri· ICT helped him dOi'lC hi~ law office in Ihe Bell Building. Taking o,·tT his un· c:omplelfd lilts. corres~nce. etc. "'as an uasper.uing uptriencr. btu. as alwaYI. Fonlai~'s pleasanl fitTlseof h ... mor and smile came Ihrough 10 make ,I easier when he $aid. "You know. l"m ~nning 10 belie"e il il haTd~r \Q close 3 law office Ihan 'I is w open one:' Du ring Ihe war years in England. ~'onlaine mel Janet (Ja n) E. Pooit'. a 'Wren ',n lhe Brilish navy. Their COlIn· shipronlmued after lhoe war whtnJan " '15 slalioned al I Ill' Brilish Embassy in Washington. They "'e~ married NO\'ember 22. 1946. and IhereafttT had IWO children: jen",fer. now an execu· li\"e in a business rons ... l!anl firm in Atlanta . and Richard r .. now a BotitOfl lawyer. Fonlaine and Ihis wriler formfd a parlnership 10 practice law in August 011947. For many years and unlillhe Finn got larger. "'e did not have a wril' len agrftfnenl. Upon our staning our pQC\itt IQ(ltther. we look ou r wi,'cs out todmntT at I he old Blue Moon Inn in Monlgomery 10 celebrale lhe occa· sion. AlthisdlnneT.ja n announced she was prcgnam. Years lateT. when Fon· taine and I Iried 10 remembt-r how Ioog we had been parlners. hi' answer would be Ricky', (Richard F.) IIge plus nllle monlh'.10 much like him and our 38 )"tarso( nodisagrftllloffil as pan~. Fonlai~ "'as a "schoLar and a 8"f1' lleman:' and evtT)'one who was fonu · nate cl"IOUgh to haYe had any COOlact wit h him has 10 be a belter IlI'rson beca use of I hal e xperience. He was loved and reSJlf'Cled by all who knew him. tspecially 1M: people in his law finn. from lhe employees to taCh of his pannen. In lhe March 26. 198!;. isSIH' of the "Ki"'anlS B... ilder:· a puillicatKlfl of lhe Montgomery Ki"·anis Club. an . r· ticleon Fontaine's deat h aP\lrOlll"1alely closed wilh Ihe following words of ~o bert W. Service:

"Mas'er.

I"~

tilled my ""'Iract.

""rougb' ,n Thy many land$: not by

my "ns .... ,k Thou j~ me.!lu' by , he ",wk II. my llands. Maller. r.e done Thy bIdd' .... and ,he tlli!hl iJ b.! ,n ,"" Wes'. ,nd ,"" 1oni.1on/,( $hifl i, 0>""'" ... r.h"fr .I"ve earned il

JD1mbltt Jnutltil}!tiOtu . IIII QIOtuulblntl, I!.\C,

Jack 1_ Capell (This memoria l Jppears COUrtesy at Ihe MoolgOrT1eT)' County Bar Associalion.)

Charles William Nole n Judge Charles W. N<*n of Fa)-ettt died September 7. Ite "'as Survivors indu& his wife. M rs. louiS(: B. Nolen of Fayette; t "'·o !iQf1S. Charles W. Nolen.Jr .. T u~aloo&a. and Steven M. Nolen. Fayetle: four daugh · ler s. Debora h N. Byn um . Fayelle: Teresa N. Prier. Su ll igenl: Ca ndy N. HOC\Iu. TuscalOOd: a nd Fa it hN . Aoo · e r$Qn. Birm ingham; five brothers. Wilbur B. NoIen.J r .• Mootaornery: DeForesl M. Nolen. Ashland; reliTed Navy Cmdr. Dan R. Nokn;jack M. Nolen of Fa)"tlte; aoojean W. Nolen 01 Ashfcrd: five grandda...ghlft"S: and other rela· lives. judge Nolen. a native of Ashland . grad ... a ted f!"(lm the Universily of Ala· bama School of Law in 1949 aoo was admilled 10 the Alabama Bar. He was a member ci lhoe AI.bama Slale Ba r. the Fayelte Bar Association.the Amemn Bar Association. Alabama T rial Lawy· ft"S Association. lhe Charles Basker· ville Masonic Lod~. the Farrah Law Society .1.00 lhe Alabama Commerce Execul ive Society. He was a memberof the FiTSt United Methodist Ch ....,.;h of Fayette. w ~ he had ~'ed as tncher oftill' Adull Friendship Class since 1949. Ite was appoinled i~ of Fayetle Counly in jUIlf: 1$1 and ~r."fCI ll nl il May 1963. In 197:. he began M'rving asa member 01 the Li vingston Uni"ft"Sity Board of T ruSIe<':S. (T his memorial a pllI'ars coun esy of The TUS<QI_ Nt~!s.)

unexpected!

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Pri vate Reprima nd • On July 24. I9&>. a lawyer was privately repri· manded for having violated DR \ ·I02(AX6). [conduct adversely reflecting on fitness to practice law). and OR 7·I1l2(AXS).[knowingly making a false statement of law or fact i. by ha"ing agreed to represent the plaintiff ,n a civil suit for a specific fee. but subsequently. after the suit was settled. having told hiseli"nt that there was a stale law providing that his fee would be one·third of the recovery in thecase. though he knew that there was no such law. [ASB No. 83·1831 Public Ce n s u re • Anniston lawyer Th omas M. Semmes wascen' sured on Ju ne 7. 1985. for having willfully neglected a legal mailer entrusted to him. in violation of DR I). IOI(A). C«ie 0/ Prof.."ionol Respomibi!jty of the Ala· bama State Bar. by having undertaken torepresentthe estatesof u:wis Dewitl Marlowe and Annie Elese Mar· lowe. both of whom died witooutleaving wills. and by having accepted from the administrator of the estates $89.50 in mid -April 1982. to be paid to the Probate Court of Calhoun County as court costs in the estates. but then having failed to pay the court costs to the Probate Court until December 2, 1983. after the administrator of the estates had filed a complaint against Mr. Semmes with the Alabama State Rar. [83·oiQ7 & 83·5291

S us pens ions • Atmore lawyer Joseph R. Tucker was sus·

Jl"nded. effeetive September IS. 1985. for faHure tn comply with the Manda tory Continuing Legal Educa· tinn requirement of the Alabama State Bar. Etowah County lawyer Kenne th W y all Gilchrist was s uspended from the practice of law in the Stateof Alabama for a period nf five years. effective November15.1985. as a result of his having pleaded guilty in Etowah County Circuit Court to the <:rime nf Third Degree Theft on April 15. 1985. and under the requirement of the Rules of Disciplinary Enforcement of the Alabama State Bar that any lawyer convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude must be disbarred or sus· pended. [84-673] Di sbamlcn ts • J . Massey Relf.,. J r .. of Binningham. was dis· barred. effective September 30. HISS. pursuant to his Consent to Disbannent that was filed befnre the Disci · plinary Board of the Ala bama State Bar nn July 29. 1985, under Rule 15. Rulesof Disciplinary Enforcement of the Alabama State Bar. [83·175. 83-498. 83·578 &

84·99) • Binningham lawyer To m L Larkin was disbarred from the practiceQflaw in theStateof Alabama . effective October 7. 1985. under Rule 14. Rules of Disci· plinary Enforcement. based upan his]une 6. 1985. fel· ony conviction in the United States District Court for the Northern District of GeQrgia,.Allanta Division. [ASB No. 85-39)

A Partnership of Love and Care

....

n.. . -. 0/ '<>day', child,.n and fam,,,, are more com~x than in Ihe post and so the expertise and philosop/"r,o 0/ t he Pr.......,l!"rian

Homo lor Child,." hoI expoondod and grown tn moe> rhose nuds. One need. 11cr<.oe........ d<>n "'" c ha"90. and that is lhe .-d fo< ~"'r'lCiai ",""",e ... 10 ...... o, Ih;. """'" 10< lhe lulU"'_ n.. In la"", 10< YOU' eli."t. a,e;n a COMlanl " .'e 0/ flu. b\.1 in rna",. cases a mYtual benefil wil a,ccrw 10 them ... _n .. ,he Pr.......,e""n Hnrr.e. p"rlicula,1y in lho Mea 0/ wih. beq ....., •• and ..... ,e p!an";ng. Rerno-mbe, . 100. gir.. 10 'his agency during YOY' clit<1t'. tilel; ..... can provide YOY' clionl wilh oigniflcant 10' """'anI. ..

w. otlhe Presbyl..... n Homt lor Child,." I tarod ,eady to help yoo and !lOY' clionts in _,.. lhot will mutually benefil them .. ....,1 ... child,. n ond 10rNlie. 0"." the " ..t t20 1'00,,_ Ho...., lor Chitd",,,

6)lassified ~otices EXAM [N,\TIOS OF QU.:sT IOSEO Documents: lIarld ... n" ..... ty~ritilllC arid matfd .,."m'''''nO.... tnttrNllionalty

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