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ON THE COVER:

Volume 56, NUmM' 1

NOVtmbtr 1995

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Alahama Dispute Reoolution r .... Ddation: A Commilmml to tho BtIt<nMot of Sodtlyaod Ou. Prole,"1on By l'IInhUl TimbtfIW 'U I The Alabama Sial. Bar 19'95-96 Task Forul .. _. __ .____ .__ ._._. ___ .-'" C/lVullu";l peritul: fOCI'A Appllea to litigation AC';"'itiu ay Will i.m Z. M....' ." ............................................................................................................34l!

If llbvt to Explain " 'by r au Wouldn'l Uncknland 8)' J¥ntJ G. StMllO_ •.• _ .. __ .. _ _ ._.. _ .•. ___ ._ ... _ . _ . _ .. _---'"

,..... c." Gel Thero From II.....' I"nIgnm Acuulhllity Roqulftm...ts U........ the AmtriG10lll \lith Oimollitin Ad 8yUu HUU;ns _._. ____ .__ ._ _ ._. _ _ Rar Ludenltip Confeftn« !ligltligh!. ...........

A Ol ... bllity Int u... n« I'lan AvaUable to Alabama

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326 1NO\'EMBER 1995

,., " -, p.o. Boo "51, .......... , AI. " 301'0''''51THE AlABAMA LAW¥E:II

PRESIDENT'S PAGE "/ believe that there is a perception in the bar that the Alabama Stale &r is dominated by the defense bar and that, save a token participation, the aver~ age general practitioner and particularly plaintiffs lawyers are excluded. " - This was written by Carve ft'f!!I, Jr. ofJasper. in Q _ I fetter 10 the AJabof1Ul Siale Bar. Educ.tI_ CommiH_ Donna Smallry 01 Tusu.1oosa is chli . and Linda Conner 01 Bi.mingh;,m i. vice-chai •. Counling the chair and vice·chair, there i.e 21 members of lhe committee. Tun Bamn of Opt • lika is lhe board ofba. commiWoncrs liai$On. Lynn O'NuJ of Birmingham is the Youne Lawyers' Stction rtpmtf\tlIlivt and Ed Patkrson is the mff liiison. I uletd DonN. 10 wrilt ....mt 10M would likf: ~I ~rs to know about tht commiltee. What lht WI"Ilte ....-as so good that I will adopt il as my 0·..1n: It h.. oflen been said. " ,0\ little In my article in 1M Stpt.~r issu •• I knowledge is i dingtrOuS thing: focuRd Of) foor ntW prograrTl$ the bar if However. that is aactly what tht pubIll.Idying, all dt.ign.d \0 bend,l ewry lie has <>bout lhe ~I Th!: in<1UMd Ia~r and. in plrti<:ular. thost in solo lPttd 01 communiaotion lechnology prxtioe u-d in soW1 fit'llll. Members thtft hu not bem XO)nIpinied by in..x"th make up OIItr 60 percent of our bar. I will e~planation. SO. tht public', unde.· focus this articl. and at least one other standing of what they hear <Iboutthe on areas in which approlimately 1,000 law is limited. Th. news reports of A1wma. ~~rs from CY'f1)l county and crimiO/lI procwu.tf, civil vtrdicU or in CY'fry typo ol prXlia annually ~ clas.5 action sdll~menll often malu: ~ amounts ol \OIUIlt«r time and ent!'. no ot .... to them. l~ worst is the iY through the ,o\1~luma Siale B... to for and mistrust weh I ~ oi infor· impro\'O the l..gol proftsSioo. IhI: justice lnlliion c...,atu ....·htn I ~rson must .)'Stem and the ability of la.....,..rs 10 provisit a Iawye. for their own personal .Ioh.. A. 0 ....". vide qll/llily secrvice 10 the public and earn criots. At the vtl)' heart o( the 100$1 a d«ent living by \kIillj[..o. Oller 800 of pmsing concell. oi a111a.....yrrs k:M;IayoU- tr..yers st1W on a committee or talk poor publk i~ the IKk 01 tdu· force. tAIl of thl: committHS. their thlirmm or vicc-chair· glion of out citiUf15 about tht IqIal $)"SI.t1T1 itotlf. Thus. men. and membtn au lilted on ~ 778-281 of the StpWn. tht imporbnte of tht Committft on Citiunship tduclo· ber issue ol the~. Tuk for«s au lifted on ~ 333 01 lion and the LIw b«omts oIMous. this ~.) Th!: othc1J sec"'" on the board d!».. commissioners. Charged ....;th tht (M: ......helming responsibility to iOO"ellSt tht a.s bar uarni.,., ... on special ad hoc talk Iorca or in many other public's I<naI.ledge and understanding 01 OUr legal w.;tem, this ways. These 1.000 do not indude the appro~imalely 1.600 groop of enthusWtic and dedicated bar membmo is chall_. laWyers participating in the Volunttt. ~rs Prog",m who and ucittd. nlher lkarl di$tnug/ll. "'1lIe public is inler~td h.Ivf IIj[1'ttd to pl'l:l'oilJe ZO hours 01 pro bono IqaI work. .-01 .... 10 10m IIxlut the~. Th!: limittd.--s they do hear In thr Septnnix. iuue I >pOt\iQhted the ....ant oltllt Solo and is fascinotinQ to them. and piques their curiosity. We n«d only Small Firm l'TacIitioner's Task force and the new ftt Dispute hlmess OUr mooraa and mttl tht O«d 10 gr... the pubic tht Ruolution Tule force. In this article I am Iocuii"ll on the ....ant irokJrmation they ......-.tr N)'S Donna. of the CommiU« on CIUnn.hip EducaUon and the ",<I.k of Ihe Cliont Security Fund CommiU«.

COI'MI'ations with INIl)' aUornq'S a ...... nd 1M iut~, hi, "perctption";, .haTed by at 1....1 a , imlt minority of our mtmbtrl. I often hear a • imlla. compllinl-that the stat. bar does nothi11ll lor the _~ practitioner UCtpt adminiJttr diKipline ",mn he orsht ITltSSa up.A1~ this peraption ~ bt out thrft, it iJ iflCl.lfTtd. W. are and ~ bftn working to cornet it ond 'ooH: ~Ic:ome your ide» and 'UlI*Stiom. Thil iJ one rusoo I will continuo: to di,· tUP some of the littl. known work the Ilat. bar i. doing.

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328 / NOVEMBER ]995

Clt~'.

TilE ALAII.AMA LAWYER

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Cc>Ilinued from page 328

This particular committee is augmented by the Center f.... Citiunship Education l nd t~ Uw which is a public, non-profit agel\C)l formed .<&'I'r.t1 yeal'li ago jointly by eduator Jan LoomisCowen and this particular committu of the .tate bar, with $O'ed money from an IOlTA grant. Operating under the umbrella of the state bar, the Center is a storehouse of eduatiooal resources for Atabama teachers in _'1' schoot and every age, on a widt: variety of legal tOpiCS, The Centu has made JIO'!iblethe introduction of "Street taw", an American Bar Association-awroved text and lesson plan for all tenth grade civics classes. Further. the generous offflings of t~ agency has f"'tered an e~cellent relalionship betwffn the bar and the .Iate board of education. The agency is funded mostly with grants. which are always que.tionable, and a small subsidy from the state education bud· get. '"The matuial (from the Center) allow. busy la"Y"rs to obtain the resources they need to enter the cias..room rtady to be an elfeetiw teacher. with almosl no preparat ion time required: .. y. participating lawyer J erome Thompson, a sol. practitioner in Moulton. In Aliceville. volunteer lawyers. under the ltadership of local attorney John Ru snn. ha~ taught the 'St reet taw" cOUrse in thei r high school. Ot~r committee activities involve • possible COOperati~ effort with Alabama Public Te levision; a proposed te<l<:her continuing ed"""tion course next summer; a fur.d raising effort for t~ Cm· ter, offering bar members a way to honor their fawrite teac~rs from the past; and a variety of other activitie. too numerorn to name. What is our greatest need? It is to have t~ participation of lawyel'li in rwry community "" ...... the stat.. TIle Citizen's Edu· cation Committee ar.d I issue thi5<hallenge to each of the Ia"ytrs reading this article; E~ry Ia\o.)~r. be a teacher for om hour. Will you tach accept this challenge? We would love to know. and would ask that you fax a confirmation of your participation, voluntarily or oIhf:rwiJ.e. after you ha,~ taught your coum. letting IU kllflW who you are, where you taught and ",hat you taught. We will make every effort to live up to thf: lofty goals estab· lished M the purpose of this committee.

Client 5ecw-ity Fund Committ. . ~ Cli"", s..:urity Fund CommillH is chai red by Wamn LightfDOt of Birmingham who. M president·elect of the Alaba· ma Stat. Bar, is automatically chair of the ,ommitte. boxarne of the rules of the Alabama Supreme Court establi.hing the committee. lIowe>~r. the real working htad is the vice-chair. For many years, Jim W~rd of Birmingham held this position. Ur.der the rules. hf: no longer can J.e1W SO Mlch~ei E. Ballard of Mobile. who has long worked on the committe<, i. vic.· chai r. In addition 10 the chair and vice·chair. the committe. has but seven members_also fixed by the supreme court rules. The board of bar commissioners liaison is Bobby Segall of ~lontgome'1' and the staff liaison is Bonni. Mainor. Jim Ward """"'-$ M a valuable VOIUntHr consu ltant making ~ of his long work experie",e with the committ ... ! asked Michael Ballard to write what he would lik. to communicate to the state bar aboulthe work of his committee and it follows: 330 / NOVEMBER 1995

"The Client Security fund is the second such fund to attempt to remedy certain wrongs caused by the dishonest conduct of attorney •. The firstlailed as a result of underfunding and large awards. After a lapse of many years, the Alabama State Bar set up a Iask force to attempl to reimplement a ~u· rily fund. FUnds of other states Wf:re studied and much effort went into the drafting of the fund'. governing rul.. which were finally appro~d by the Alabama Supreme Court in May 1987. The court's approval of the fund and its rules was needed for funding to be a mandatory .... e,sment on .11 attorneys with nonpaym ent 01 the a •• e"ment meaning ,uspension. funding is from an assessment of $2S per ~ar for four ytars ($100). "The g<>wrning committe. had little w<:Jrk the first ~ar as the fund wa. not well known. Thi. has changed with an increMing ca5eload each ytar. Since reorganization the fund has m;ei"ed 244 claims and concluded 214 claims. Committee membel'li J.e1W at leasl thre<: years, giving a continuity to t~ process. At its IMt sitting. the committee reviewed and dispoud of41 cases. The ,committee usually mft'ts two to three time.a ~r. depending on Ihe castload. "The fund is the remedy of last resort for clients woo ha,~ had loues caused by the dishonest conduct of their attorneys and who cannot get reimbursed by any other means. Dishonest conduct means the wrongful taking of a clienfs money or property and does not indude dissatisfaction with the service or resu lt. No reimbursement is made for legal malpractice, M those 10..... are not intentiOr'lld. The fund generally require, the claimant to exhaust hi. remedies before the claim will be considered. The fund limits the reimbursement for any one claim to SIO,OOO with a cumulativ. total per lawyer of $20,QO(). I';"here claims are expected to ""ceed this total, the claims are accumulated and then prorated. "An in~stigator of the Alabama State Bar checks OUI each claim to determine the facts olth. claim and pr...,nts those facts and the client's prDOf 10 the committee for evaluation and determination. When the committee needs ~dditional information to make a d~i.ion, the claim. admini.trator of the Office of~neral Counsel assists the "'mmitt... All claims will be in~stigated and pre~nted to the Client Securily Fund Committee. Th e committee will determine the merit of all claims and also the amount. time and manner of r~imburse· ment. Fl>ctors considered by the committee include t~ amounl of money available in the fund. the number of claimants .... k. ing reimbursement. and the degree of hardship .uffered by each claimant. When a claim is paid. Ihe claimant must assign any rights they ha,·. againstthf: dishonest attomey to the fund by a subrogation agreement which will be prm;dtd to the claimant before payment i. made. ""The rules of the c<:JmmiUee require that all)' claim be made in writing by the person involved with the attorney and ""hose money or property was taken. Furth ~r, all oth~r remedies mlUt either be exhausted Or soo..'n to be fruitleu. \Vhere an attorney is ""(Irking a"d not suspended. the committee defers t~ claim as not rip<'. The claim must be one that arose after the .ffective dat. of the fund and must be made within three years of the loss. The fund takes as..ignment from the client against future re<:overy or repayment on application lor readmission to the bIIr by the attorney." • THE AJ..I.BAMA LAWYER

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S REPORT ALABAMA STATE BAR BOARD OF BAR COMMISSIONERS:

SERVICE THAT IS DEMANDING, YET REWARDING

II II

he l/<lVeming body olthe Alabama State Bar is the Board of Bar CommiS5ioners. This so~erning authority Wil$ e.<tabli.hed by the l.egislature in 1923. The board is oomJlO""d 01 at I.,..,t one la"ytr elect· ed Irom each judicial ci rcuit. Section 34·3-40. Cede ofAlulJama (1975). which establishes the board of commissioners. also provides lor on. additional commissioner lor eoch 300 members of the state bar who maintain their primipal office in the circuit iI$ of March I each year. This pn:wi . s;on further provides that no circuit or county i, entitled to more than ten cOm· missioners. The board of commissioners presently h;u 57 members repruenting laW}'<rs ,..siding in the stat.·s 40 judic;al ci rcuilS. The judicial circuits with more than one oommissioner are:

electing individuals to serve as state bar delegates to the American Bar Association: and appointing individual$to se,ve on va,ioll$ stale agenry boards and ",Nice agellC)l boards.

To carry out th ... ruponsibilities. the board of commission -

ers meets eight times a year. Two of these meeting5 are usual. Iy in conjunction wi th the $late bar annlllll meeting. k; I indicated

in my column appearing in the

~ptember

issue of TheAlafxl·

rna Lau;ger, the commitment of time iI$ a commissioner is not insignificant. Commission . .. ,,,,,e;,,,, nO

salary and are only reimbursed for their

travel to and from meetings. The """ani for this important ..!Vi"" il; knowing that

in addition to serving one's profession. a commi .. ioner is aloo perform ing an imporLlnt publi c service beou.se the state bar is the licensing and regul.tory agency

lOT laW}'t''' in Alabama. 6th (Tuscaloosa)-2 I routinely receive calls from lawyers 10th (Jelferson) · IO (One of the repr.· whoare interuted in selVing on the board sentati~es is elected from the of oommiS5ion .... but ar~ unfamiliar with Il<ssem.. Cutoff Oi,trict) the election pr<>ceS5. On occasion. calle ... 13th (Mooilel-4 who belia... that the procws i. open only to c~rtain laW}'< ... are stunned to discover 15th (Montgomeryj-4 the nomination proem is so simple. The 23rd (Madison)-Z only qualification is that a candidate mU15t Keith B. NonnIIn As the profession has grown and the be a member in good .tanding (hou purchas.d a current license Or paid special practice of law has become more com _ plex. the responsibili ties of the commi,· membership duesl. and maintains hi. or sion have multiplied;u well. As the governing authority of the her principal offi« in the circuit he or ,h. seeks to represtnt. Nomination to the offie< of commissioner i, accomplished by a state bar. the board of oommiS5ione ... is charged with, among other things: approving Ihe bar·, budget submitted tn the written petition signed by any five or more members 0( the bar Finance Ikpartment: supervi,ing of Ihe s!~te bar's admission in good st.lnding who maintain their principal office in the ci rand disciplinary responsibilities; approw;ng personnel policies cuit where the nomin ... tTI.lintains his or her principal office. A ""'mber in good ,tanding may also become a candidate by mfor state bar emploY""'; approving any policy ,tatement made inS a written declaration of candidacy. If a C/Indidate;s lrom a by the state bar on issues rele~ant to the legal profession:

CLE Reminder

All CLE credits must be earned by December 31, 1995 All CLE transcripts must be received by January 31 , 1996 THE AU\IlAMA LAWYER

NOVENBER 1995 / 33 t

multi...:ommisiionor circuit. the undidalt moW decb. .. lor a daigNled position. All elections in multi-commissiontr cirroib art at.~ electionl. A Qndid!ol.·, nominating pttition Or dtdualion of undid!oey must be filed with tht s..:rd.. ry of the AbJwn,a Stalt Bar no bolt, lhu! 5 p.m. olllle LuI. Fridly in April olthe eltction )'tar. A fufd pttilion is acttpllble. but an original must bo: fumi.htd to the _ .. Ury. ~:ach candidate and his or her fupporten are e ~p«ted to con~uct lilt candidaq in ~ dignified manner. Ea.ch candidlott may rtquut a list 01 ptnoont eligible to \/01. in his or her cir. cuit. The first lisl is pn:Mdtd al no charge. Ther. is a charge for IIdditiona.l lisb. The ExecutiYfc Council of the AboboolN SUit Bar is raporuible for ,.,$OM ... ~ cornpWnb or chal . Imges con«ming ca""",illfl practka.. A complaint Or a chll ·

Itng. musl be in affidlovillonn. filed with tht s..:,.,ury 01 the AlWma Stat. Bar 00 b.t.r thin JUlioi' 30 of tht dection )'Ur. A wccasful o;onvniNiontr candidate ;wuma offICe on July 1 oflhe year of the election. The tenn of office is thl'ft)'Un and a commissiootr may not Sf:rve more than Ihrec ConSf:("U ' liYfc lenns. The board of commiuionm perfonns a wry importanl Sf:r· vice for our profession and Ihe public. W. haw an oullUnd· illl! group of commilSionen and our bar Iw bo:en fortunate in IIw pm 10 ha"e truly dtdicaled representalives sorving on lhe boan!. If you .... inleresled in sorvilll! your prolession. consid. er ,.,prnenting your ;udi~1 circuil ... a boor rornmissiontr. Servia: on the born! is tilTl«ORSUming. but il is sorvict thaI help' US .. rnain a self-rtguboted proleuion. •

ALABAMA STATE BAR Alabama State Bar Staff Additions Kim Oil.., ... Kim Ohwr of Montgornrry ~ betn named director ollht stalt bar's VolunlHr Uwyen f'rI:lenm. OIiwr su.ccteds Melinda M. Walen. who""as recently named executiw director 01 Ugal Sef\'icu Corporalion of Alabama. Ohwr ftctj"ed her underg"duate \ltgl'ft from the Uniwnity of Miami and ker la\o.' <kgl'ft from Ike Uniwnityof Alabama School oll.1w. She wo"'ed from 1979 10 1991 in the Uniled SIatu ikpar1menl of Tnasury as , national bank and national trust euminer. Sht IllOJI recenlly served as deputy allomey general in tke Slate 01 Alabama Office of Attomey General. criminal appeals di";!ion .

o ..t.Chamb .... Creta Clwnbless is the UtcutM. assistanllo Kim Oliwr. dirKtor 01 the VoluntHr ~n She iwldlQ 0.11 cor~ iflYOio,;ng potenlial ,limb. ""luntH, .IIDf1Ie)'$ and , _ referrals. Shuho ~ charge 01 Sp«ial projects, met. as .«... ,Imenl driws and mass mailings 10 VOllunlHB. Creta is a nalM. of MontliOffitTY and if "","'ing I",,-an! a dtgr~ in graphic dQign. as "'''ell as obtaining ker paralegal certifiCII\ion. 1'Tog~.

Roct.rick oJ. P.lmetRoderick l. Palmer is originally from I)a\"enport. Alabama. He alltnded John M. Pallenon Technical O>II~ in Monlgomery ..-hert he r«eiwd an associale degrH in graphic and printing tt<:hnol~. Rod started ,,;th Ike stale boor in September of Ihis fUr as graphic arts assistanl and helps with all dutiQ of the bar's prinl shop.

332 1 NOVEMBER 1995

THE ALARAMA LAWYER

ABOUT MEMBERS, AMONG FIRMS ABOUT MEMBERS John G. Sc herf. IV annOunce. the optning of his offi"" at 2122 l'ifSl AWlllIe. NQ.lh. Birmingham, Allbam~ 3S2()3. Phone (205~ 324-9991. Patrl.k l.. RoblnlOn InnOOJncts Iht opmiOi 01 his off..:. al 307 ] Ilh Stmt. !lonn""lt, Ponnlylvania. The mllilinQ ~n!SS i. P.O. IlolC 607, Honesdale 18431. Phon. (711\25] -9708. Robin.on i. a 1976 il/Jmilter to the Al~ St;olt Bar. Fnlllr S. Buck announcu tht rtioao· lion 0( hi. office to 2160 14th Awnut, South, Birm in gham. Alabama 35205· 3922. Phone (205] 93J.7S3J.

Dould W..... mll.rt announCts Iht opening 01 his office at «905 HighwJ.y \7, Vernon. AIab.vnlI35S9Z. The lNilinll MldrtU is P.O. Bo.. 1322. Vernon 35592. Phon. (2051695-9691. Milton E. Blri<U. Jr. annoulKts tht reloo:.ition of his off.u 10 Hall. 2205 MQrri. Avonut. Birmina:ham. AbNmlo 35263. Phone (205) 251..0666.

Barri".,

L. S<ott Johnlon, Jr. lnOOun(eS lhe

,.Iou-lion n/ hi. offic! \0 The Bell Build· ing. :W7 MontgOmtry 51l"ff1, Suitt 718. MonlaomtlY. AbIwN 361a... 1ht miil· inll addrus is P.O. Box 1541. Mont · gomtry36I02.1'hoM (334) 8).I·322l. Ceorge II. "'·akdl.ld, Jr. anrHlunCti the relocation of hi' offic. to 6825 Hal· cyon Park il1iw. Montgomtry. ~ 36117. Tho mi;tina: addrtM is P.O. IlOl U0848. Mont,omery 36124-0848. I'hoM (334) 244-1333. Vlrglni, Lacy anrHlunces her termiN' ti on with Lorant '" Auociat ... She will contlnut to practice at ](14 5econd ....~nut. ",Qt. Oneonta, Alabami 35121. Th ...... iling addru. Is P.O. Box 808, Oneonta. I'hoM (ZOS) 625~. Shot is resuming tl>< ..... of I><r original OIIme. \1l'1[in la R. Smith. Marl< A. S,ndcnon , a former ;auoci. at. with Potts , Youna: in FIormu and former _idant district inomey of Col· ~rt County. armOUneti tM optni!lll of hi, office at 402 S. Cedar Slr.el. 1"10' r.nct, Alabama 35630. Th. mliling Ti lE ....1..I.BA."lA LAWn:R

addrt::U is P.O. Il0l31 1, f"Ioren« 35631. Phone (205) 7~. Cindy M. Calhoun, formerly of Bum. ham , Klindtlter, announCe. Ike ..,10calion of her office to 1130 Quinlard Avenue, Suite 401. Anniston. Alahama J62(1l.1'ho)ne (205) 231·2151. SIlAII C. Conlon, formerly of Blanken~ip '" Conlon. announeH tl>t optning of her office at 2(10 W. Court SQuaro, Suite 48. Huntsville. Ala!>am .. 3580l. I'hoM (205) 53&900&. Edw,rd L. K. II. 11 InnounUI tho opening of hi. office al 131 W. Main Strod. AI~rtvil1., Alabama 359SO. The mailing address is P.O. Box 1936. Al~rml1e 35950.1'IIon< 1:WS) 818-3622.

Mary Dixon ToriH:rt innouneu 1M opening of her 0K,ce at 420 S. ~. Street, Montgomery, .... I.b.ma 36104. The mailing add ress il P.O. Box 292, Montgomery 36602-0292. Phone (334) 269-J23Z.

Michael C. Craffeo. formerly ",i lh N.tJj.lr. DmabuI'1[.. ITlOOUIlCU the open. ing of his office It 2(101 Park Pile., North. Suile UHO, Birmingham, Alab.!· rna. Phone (205) 328·6000. A. E..... Crowt ;u"ln0unct5 tl>t open· ing of his offin .t :l09 N. J Olchim Strut. Mobile, .... I'bam .. 36603. The rn.lili!lll iddrw is P.O. Il0l655. Mobik 366(11·0655. Phone (334) 43].6000.

AMONG FIRMS Coool. J. /II. CarnowlY. formtrlaw clerk to .. nior U.S. Disl rict Judge Daniel Thomas and assislanl cily attorney for lhe City of Mobil., announces her tl\arlft of iddrt::U from ISO c.o.",mmenl StrHt, Suil. 101. Tho laClede, Mobilt, ~ 36602. and hoer IWOintmmt as an _istant district attorney in Jaspe r. Alabama. Her new alldreu il Walker CO\I nly Dislrid AtlQmoy'. Office. P.O.

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Bo. mi. Jaspe •• Alabama J5502. Phortt (20SJ 384·7272. 1&"," I. Cohn "- bttn appoint'" by Covernor l..Iwton Chiles ;u a ci.cui t judge 0( the 17th Circuit in B.owud County. Flo. i..,. OffictJ ire IOQted at Broward County CourthouK. 201 S. E. Silth Strut. I'o.t l..Iuderd;olt. Florida 33J01. Phont (3()5) 1131·7()91. Cohn i$ a 1974 admitlee to the A1wma SUte Ba •.

Robtrt E. KIrby. Jr. announces that Emily J. Itu rs! ha$ joined the finn. The new name is Kirby & Anociatu. Offices iR IOQled II 3100 l..oma Road. Suite 202. Bi.mingham. Alabima. 352!6. Phone (205) 979·1924.

Don"" 8 ritt ,"bdlooa announca her as wiIt.l.nt dun al 8~ ham School 01 r..... IobdiJon will coolin. .... to practia in ..... new Ioatlon at 205 N. 20th Stl'ftt. 5<Jile 703. Birmin$wn. A1ibam13S203. Phont (205) 32,S.229S, ~ntmtnI

C. \\1111.om O"",aport. "" administ~· IiV<' law judge with the U.S. GO\<trn · mt nt a nd fo.merly I stnio . t.ial attorney fo r Iht Equal Oppo .tunity Commiuion in Bi rmingham. has been 'e"signed 10 a posting in Savannah. ~.gia. l1 il new add .... is U.S. Social SKurity Administration. Office of Hea.· ing:s & Apptab. Juliette C. J..owo:o I'tderal Complu. 124 8a.nard Strut. Thi.d Floor. s..~nnah 31401. Pl>one (912) 652-002. D.ivmport is I 19n admittce to the Abbama $bte Bar.

Allbama State Il oun. II S. Union Stred. Mon tQomery. Alabama 36\30. Phone (334) 242-7300.

Alabama 361G&-353!. Phont (nt) 241· 0000. Offices art ilIio located in Binning· ham and 1I"",(JYillt. Alaba .....

Eq .. lfu In corporatl on announcu that 8111Gb L Pon:h tw betn promot.. ed to assilitant ~nt ....1 courutl. Officu I.e locat ... I I 1600 PndlSln:'" StrH t. I\W. Atlanta. Georgia 30309. Pon:h is i 1982 ~mjltu to the ~ Stale Bar.

Cl ptll , It eward . babe" Co bh announcn t ....1 Frulr II. Mcfadden, lorm~rly genuII coun..,1 lor Blount. Inc. Ind former chid judge. Uni t ed Slatn OiMrid Court. lWrthtm lfutrict 0( Alabarouo. Iw become a member and Chrili topher W. Weller has become In luoda l e. Omen art loc~ ted It 57 Adams AV<'nut. Montgomrry. Alabama 361().104G&5. I'hone (334) 241.ao<lQ.

Gordon. Silberma n. Wiggial " Child. announces that Ann C. Robert· .on ~nd Jim ,'1endellohn h~vt become shll~holdtt'$. and Brian ~I . Clarl<. J.... I S. lunbe .... Sind.. B. R~iu, R.be«.l J. Anthony. Cra ig L. Lowe ll. and C. h l.e It.l11lanu hIV<' become iWOCiates. Offices aR loelttd at "00 SoulhTruol Tower. Birmingham. AJab.llma 35203· 3204. Phone (205) 328-0640. Cardbe ... is: K_f announces th.ot C. Crt, TholllU tw btcomt an iWOCiat~ Offocti I re IOQled at 1015 Montlimar Orive, Suite B·4. Mobilt. Alabama 36609. Phone (334) Jot3-! ! !!. 1I0bert P. f ann and Patricia K. lIu . formeriy 0( Clark &: Scoll. anOOlltlCe the formltion of Fa nn & Rn and that Mlc ....1 B. Odom tw become an iWOCi· ate. Officu are IOQled at 22 In'~me.. Center Parkway. Suite 140. Birming. ham. Alabamlo 35242. Phone (205) 99 1·

504'.

LaVe lle Lyu. Brown announcu a c.... nge of Ioddrus to the Office of the Attorney Ctnenl. Slile of Alabama.

MIc ....1 W, CanoIl and Pcnya G. Car_ roll announct the fOfJTl.ltion of CalTllil & Camlil. OffICes IR louted It Ffilnk ~Ison Building. 205 2Qth Slut!. Sooth. Suite 6 15. Birmingham, AlIIbama 35200. Phone (2051 328-26(10.

1995 DIRECTORIES ARE IN!

Feld &: 1I)'de Innoun«S thai IAonard E. WertheImer. II I. formerl ~ wilh N".ii<>r &: Oenaburg. has joined the fi.m as a shareholder and Joh n f.LyIe. III became

Members - $25 each Non-Members - 540 each MAIL CHECK TO :

Alabama Bar Direclories P.O. Box 4156 Monlgomery. AI 3610t I(lelude street address - WtJ ship by UPSI Orders must be pre-paid

334 I NO....:~IlIER 1995

a shueholder. The firm's new name ;s f~kl. Uydt. L~1c '" \\·ertl>tlmer. ometS Ue IOQted at 2100 SouthB.id~ Park· WIy. Suite 590. Birmingham. Alabama 35209. Phone (2051802·7575. John T. Alley. Jr. and JolIn W. It.·atns. Jr. inl\(lUnct the formation of AlI~ '" Walm.. Offo«s au located it 2941 ZeLda Road. SUlle A. Monlgomery. Alab.llma 36106. Phone (334) 279.s866. Llnlt . S lmp Jo n. Robin so n & Somerville announcn Ihlt Atley A. Kitching •. Jr . ..... beCOffit. reoidenl in lhe Montgomtry offict localt<! al 8 Commuct St.ut. Suito 900. Montgomery.

1',,.,..11. Cl'\lm '" Anderson announc~s that K)'1c O. Muungalc has btcomt an ;woe;att. Officn are located at 641 S. liwrtnce SIMI. Montgomery. A1abamlo 36104. The maiHnfI add.us is P.O. 110>: 2189. Montgomery 36102·2189. Phone (334) 832-4200. G. D.vW Chllpman , III and Cynthia Ca ... ilc ,", c..'lnal IIlnounce the fOfJTl.l· tion of Chapmu '" M,.\I "ol. Offices an localed al 144 Cove Avenue. Culf Sho . es, AI.bama 36542. Phont (334) %8.2402. D.old I'. Shepherd annou nces the as.sociaHon of Marl< S. Cober. fonnerly of lhe Michie 1..,,1 Publi.hing Compafl» in C.... rIOlluYille. Vir,inia. Officu a.e loclted It 913 Plantalion Boulevard. Fai rhope. Alabama. Pl>one (334) 928·

And"", W. Bolt. II . formerly a pari· ntr with Bolt. born. Jadoon & B.ailey. ..... becomt oI~ to Lu... AhiJ " Wuh. Offlttl aR Iocalt<! at One Ch.ue CO'pOrate Ctnler. Suile 490. Hoover. Alwma 35244. Tht mailing add.us iii P.O. 110. 3601n !lOO\itr 35236. Phone (205) 733·0664. CIlIJon. Brooki &: lIamby of Mobi le. Alabama announcn the opening of a branch office in Cilfonelle. AI~bam •. orneel I.t lon ted a t 19680 N. 3.d St.ut. Citronelle 36522. Phone (334)

864).9117. RoIao"" lloulton Frith '" Au.ocialu that Carol Lacby Boone and Lin O. THd .... V<' become ;woeiatu. Offi«s .... Iocaled at 401 S. !4c1>onougtl SImi. MonlilO"'tJ)'. AW:Ilma 36103. The mailing IIddrw 1$ 1'.0. Box. 5048. Mont· 1iOmt'Y 36103. Phont (ntl 834·7001. 8 ..... n.Tumt r announces that 8 ryan K. 1I0ulty, formerly of Sle;nu. Crum &: !laker. hils bt<ome an iWOCi.te. Offices announctI

TIlt: AUJIAMA

~I'IYER

1ft IOUIt<! al ZII ZZnd Sirul. North. Birmin,ham. Alabama 35203. Phont

36104. Tho tNilin, add ..... is P.O. 80J 668. Monlgormry 36101· 0668. Phone

(Z05132G.1114.

(334)832-8800.

Cllmon La ... Orne. announcn thai Hardi. 8 . Kimbrou gh. lonner presiding judge of the First Judicial Circuit. has becomt oI~. Ofrlees ". \oc3ltd 01 116 Court 51....1. Crow Hm. Al.Jba ...... Tht mallin, .. ddre" II P.O. ~l 129. Crove 1111136.451. Phone (ll4) 275· 3115.

Mdn nl, h & Brighl announces that form.rl~ wilh Circui l JudQc Eu,en. W. R~ .. t. ~l onlilomery Counly. has joinld the firm. The new nanw is Mdnnilh. Bri&ht" ,-,. OffiCII Ill' IOQtt<! on 235 S. McDo· nough Stred. Montgomery. Alaboml 36101. The mailing addre" is P.O. 801 52. Montgomery 3610)·0052. Phone

Lani er. Ford. S h avtr & Pay n e annOl,lflCU that Fra nk M. Caprio has bw)me a partntr. Caprio W;IS fOl'Tl1erly an wcci.lt "';Ih Bradlt)'. Arant. ROH & Whiu In ill Huntsvillt oillet. Offoe""' .... IOQted at 200 W. Court Squart. Suile 5000. Huntsville. AI.hlonla 3S801. Thl mailing addrtss is P.O. Box 2087. lIuntsvilil 34804. l'hon. (205) 535· 1100. S m ith &: Llunby announen l nal [)a\'ltl II. Dowdy hao bKomt I nwmbtr. and th. n.m. hu bun chang.d to Smith , Liu nby &: Oo,,",y. TM firm's TuscalOOil> County offiCI hao bttn .. to. catld to 315 Main A\I1'nu •. Northport. Ala'» ..... 35476. Phon. (205)349·4887, Th. fi rm liso has an office in Centrl' viII •. AIab.vna. eapow,..... Smith. Wamn &: KlinMT annOurocl1 that Paul L. Bnkmu. Jr. has bocom. an uSQ<:iat •. Offiu . ... located al 350 Adam. Avenul. Mont· gomery. Alabama 36104. The mailing addn .. ;1 P.O. OTiwor 4689. Mon t · gormry 36103-4689. PhoM (3341834-

Lu An Lo n g.

(334)26,3.0003. Pitta, Carr. Alford. Ledya.rd &: Lalta that James H. McDonald. Jr..

ilIUIOUlICn

fo rmerly vice·pre.idenl and genual counKI 0( Delct.imps. Inc .. has joint<! the firm. OffiCII au \oc31t<!.t Suit. 900.

1110 Montlimar DrM. Mobile, AIab.vna 36609. Tho mailing...w ..... is P.O. 801 16(1.16. Mobil. 36616. !'hom (334134.4· 5151. lIu l hlon . Siahly. Johnl tnn 6< Car· ..II announces It.it Daniel L. Lind,t)'. Jr. hao become an assocw•. omc"", an loe.tld 18-1 Commerce Stroot. Monl· gomery Alabama 36 101. Th. mailing addrtu il P.O. Ik>s 270. Montgomery

36101-0270. Phonl (334)206·3100. Johnlton. Barton. Pn:octor. Swediaw 6< Narr omd Powell 6< Frederick ilIInounc. their mo'lltr. tft"tdi"" September I. The MW n.amt is Johnston. Ilan on, Prodor " Poortll. Offices ue loeatld lit 2900 AmSouthllbrbert Piau. Birmingham,

AIa.born.a.

•

"'I.

lIoun. Cook. Sledg•• DiVis, Carmll " JonOl announctO that 5he_ Martin hn becom. a .ha.. holder of thl fi rm. Offi'.1 a.llocated at 1020 Lurleen Wal· lace Boulevard. North. Tuscaloou. ~tN

35401. !'hom (205)345-5440.

Coody'1 Family Clothin, anf>OOncn that Mal'(Us H. Smith. J r. hal joined ... a Knior vic.-p ... idtnl. Offices ar.local· td II 400 Coody's La ..... KnolNilil. Ten. nl ..e. 37922 _ Phono (6)5)966·2000. Smith is a )9lj9 admitt .. 10 the Ala.b.l. .....

StaI.Blr. S tei ner. Cru m &: BIker announcls thai 1-I'ilJilm M. Ik>wfc~. Jr .• lormer p... sidlllS judg. of Ih. AI.boma Court of Criminal ApP".I •. h.u Mcome a mem· ber. OffiCII are located at 8 COmmf'rce Str.et. Suite 800. Mootgormry. Alabama THE ALA8A"1A lAWYER

• • • •• • MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TITLE • • •• •• INSURANCE COMPANY •

The A ulbi/ity lou Nud. TIle Slabili!)' lou Tnm. m ....... _ · ....- .......... _ . eot-.am • _ rm.

NOVEMBER 1995 / 335

BUILDING ALABAMA's COURTHOUSES LEE COUNTY COURTHO USE Bv SAMUEL A.. RUMORE, JR.

The (ol/o",;ng conlinues " hislOfy or Alabama's counly roufthouU5-lheir origins and SIJftH! of lIN! people uofw ron· lribuled to lheir growlh. Tire Alobalml tAU'll" plrms 10 run one =lg'5 510ry

in each issue of Ihe magazine. If you haw ang photographs of ear/II Of pre.senl rouT/howes, please forward them 10: Samuel A.. RuI71Of(;, Jr.. Miglirmico & Rumore. 1230 Brown Marx Tower,

Birmingham. Alabama 352ru.

LEE COUNTY

Ii II

~.~"",,~~c.m

ty originally belonged to th.

C,.£k Indian nation. By the Treaty of Cusseta. ,igllM in March of 1832. the Creeks ceded it to the United Stat... oIong with !heir remaining lands e..t of th. Mi'$i$,\ippi Rivtr. The treaty stated that the United SllIt", desired the Creeks to move WEot of the

Mississippi Riw:r. but it specifica lly said that no [ndiaru would be compelled to m~.

The treaty provided that each one of 9() prominent Indian chiefs had Ihe right to select a section of land. 640 acres, as his own and that tach head of a Creok household could clJ,im a half se<:tion, Or 320 acr.s. These tracts could b. reserved for five ~ars Or they could be 50l d 500ner by Ihe Indians .elect ing them. At the end of the five years. the Indian owner was 1o be given a d.ed by the United Stat... In order to enforce thue rights, the treaty required that all ",hite intruders 336 1 NOVEMBER 1995

111< fi,;I

courI_ m

""'" j,M "" 0d0tI<r

Opdib: "'" _ oI!<r II,. i'bl'JIM'b'/I 0>unIg " " " ' _ /IS _ _ If), 189f attd ~'" itt JIJ!J/J.

be rel1lO'Jed from the ceded territory until survey" could be made and the Indian. cou ld ulect their tracts of "'nd. Unfortunately for the Indiam. this key asped of the treaty was ne"". carried out. No seUI... ",.re ever e ~P\'lIed. Further. by December 1832, the St.t. of Al.bama e~erted it. sowreignty ove, the land by crealing nine new countie. there. !'our 0( the nowcounti .. ",er. RW$i'Il.~, Tallapoosa and Chambers. In 1866. Ln County "'as carved from them. The Indians soon called on the United $l.1t •• 10 honor il. treaty, The dispute over tm C...,k lands led to • con/ronlation betl'l.. en the State of Alabama and the United States Go>... rnm.nl. with the go\'Ernor of Alabama asserting the doc-

trine of .l.1t •• ' rights again.t the federal government. President Andr,w Jackson sent francis Scali Key, famousasauthor 0( the · Slar Spangled Banner", to medi· at •. Ho",.v.., the end result was that the Indians lost their land•. They ",.re not fVen gi,.. n the five years of peactful us, promised by the Treaty of Cu.seta_ During the years 1836 to 1837 they wer. forcibly removed to western lands. Do:spit, the plain wording of the 1832 treaty. the government justified the Indian removal .... "",am to .void violence and 10 keep the peace. After the Indian uodu•. now seul... poured into the area. In 1837. a village

THE AUIBAMA UlmER

"&fJ5"'" ~ mJ

The Alabama Crimillal Dcfellse Lawyers Association Presents The Fourth Ann ua14 Corners Seminars

S_;it;

TOP ICS:

O«.m"".

• Go"';"g.he Mo" 0., of VoI,I);", • CUffen. \)c,-clop"",n" in Crlmln,1 Low.so. P'<><'«IUI< • Conn""", F... &. Conm.,", lI<ing Ilk<d"" and Slicking.o Your Ethical Gun. o Crimin.1 I',o<tk. and ,II< New Rul .. of E".;.s<~ 1000000QNS Dcmopoli., A."NO,.

1. 1995

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Ikccmb<r 15. 1995 1:00 p.m.

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COST:

Mcmoc rs: No C harge

SPECIAL FOR NONMEMBERS: 550,00

Non·Memocrs: $ 35.00 A"~nd

the sen,ina, a nd ...,c.ive J year ACDIA rncmb<r'hip.

For m<>n: Inform.tI_ ooo,ac' Tommy Gogpn' >! ]' .0. II<» ] ]47. M"" 'gomery. AL 36] 0]·] I 47 en . , (334 ) BH.1S I I

********************************** *************************** " ,OIN THE AlABAMA CRIMINAL DEFENSE LA WYER S ASSOCIATION" • II you defe nd 'ho« >«u«" of crime

• If you arc iol<<<"<" in improving rou, bowl<1lgo .,," , kHIo In dtfending «imin.1 cu,,,

Any membe, In good >land lngof.1\e AI.I>.om. S.. ,. 8., who b inle«"ed en who '"g_g<' In ..... <l<F.tnoc of •• imin.1 . .... I•• ligibl. r", m.",be .. hlp. Membe .. or ,.... judici.ry . "d ,ho ... fCgul.fl y .mpl"Y"'lln _ p..-..ecu,ori.1 office . ,e no•• Iigibl •. Annual 0.. .. ,

0><<0 __________

MEM8ERSHIP AI'I'UCATION (Pho(ocopy of Appl"'''''''' """,]><<11)

N.mc: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ~dn:

•• :' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _____

City:, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Zip Co<k: _ _ __

Fi,m N.m<:: __________________ T oIep""". Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Sign >!u n: of AppH<an" ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

M.il '0: ACOIJ<. Po" OffifC 80. 1147 . Mon'gom.ry. AI.I>.om. 36101 · I 147

Build ing AI. bama'. Courthou ... CoIIlinuedfmmfJQge 336

up around the Methodisl ubonon Church. This ,·iII.ge ~C3mt Opelika.. Scholars believe thai Ih e name 'Opelika." ha:s KVeral possible meanings. Various proponents assert that the name rne.>ns "owl in the bush", or "0'\'.1'. !'OO$t". or e""n "red mud: Possib ly the nam~ came from an Indian I""." many mile. ,way, The most pOpular theory is that the na"", WM deri""d from two Indian word. - "opilwa" or •..... amp". and "Iaka" or "large." In short, the name could man "big ..... amp: Ikcause there are no big 5\<·.mp$ located nearby. the ~lief thai the tgo,o.·n WM named for an Indian vii· lage locat.d in another area, probably 'War a big ...... mp. is all the more credible. The t""" was origi nally located in the tmitory of Ru$$tll County. The town of Sal~m. located in present_day l.ee County. trace. its roots as far back as 1835, Popular belief holds that in the ~rly days of R~II County. a dislrict ooul'lhcou.. W3.'l Iocat<:d at Salem to $OlV\' the northern pOrtioo of the county which was a great distance away from the county .eat town of C"",ford Perhaps this "courthouse' w.. simp ly a building where trials were held. Another prominent community in the area w.. l..oachapoka. Originally a large Indian village. it ...... the sile of the fil\lll Creek council muting before the Indi· .ns moved to Oklahoma. On July 17. 1864, Civil War Gentral Lovell H. Rousseau's raid, .. attacked LoachapOka and de.troyed its lrain station and tracks. A fourth impOrtant community that grew up in the area was Auburn. This I""." rt<eivtd its name on the suggtstion of Linie Taylor, the fi.ncee of Thorrw H.rper, a son of Judge John j, Harper. who helped found the town. She had just read Oliv.. Goldsmith's poem "The D"erted Village" which rdtHed to "Auburn. sweEl Aubum. 1....... litst village of Ihe plain ,· A Methodist sehool was charter<:d here in 1856, opened in 1859. closed in 1862 due to the Civil War. reopened in 1866. and then .... 3.\ Irans· f...<:d to the State of Alabama in 1872. Il became the land grant college of Alabama and i, trno..." today as Auburn Uni''!:rsity. The town of Opelika gained promi· nence over the.., neighboring COmmu· spr~ n g

338 1 NOVENB£R 1995

nit ie, in 1848 when a railroad line from Montgomery reach<:d the town. In 1851, the line extended to Wesl Point. Geor· gill_By 1855, a branch railroad . xteruled to Columbus, Georgia. giving Opelika railroads running in three directions. When Opelika .... as officially incorpO' rat<:d in 18S4, the legisillti"" .act of incorporation described it, boundaries as being one mile in each direction from the railroad .t.tion. This description

1829_ He was commi .. ion~d a ,econd lieutmant in the Corps of Engineo!rl. l.ee..,l'W<! in numerous assignments. including Chief Enginur of the Army in Washinglon, coordinator of the defense! of New York, ..,,,'ict in the Nexican W3r. lieutenant colonel of cavalry on the Indian frontier. and commander of troops at Harpers Ferry during the John Brown in,urrection. When conflict between North and

placed a porlion of Opelika ac""," th o Macon Coun ty line. In order 10 keep Opelika "'ithin one county, the legislation also extended Ihe boundary of Russ.lI County to include all of the incorporat· ed I",,'n of Opelika. During Ihe Reconstruction Era. the Alabama legislature created 13 new counties. Fi..., of the 13 ....ere establish<:d in D«ember 1866. including l.ee County, .... hich was created out of land taken from Chambers. Russell, Macon and Tallapoosa counti". The county ...... named for Robert E. Lee. one of the South's most ~IOvtd citizens. Born inlo a distinguished south.,n fam ily at Stratford, Westmoreland County. Virginia, on January 19, 1807. Robert E. l.ee was the son of Revolutionary War c"neral Henry "Light-Ho,,", Harry" Lu, and a retali..., 0( the only two brother> to sign the Declaration of IndependenceRichanl Henry Lu and Francis Lightfoot 1.«. Robert entered West Point a\ the age of 18 and graduat<:d second in his class in

South proved inevitable in 1861. Pmi. dent Linco ln offered I£e command of the Unioo Army. Lu declined because he refused to It ad an invasion of hi' nali"" .tate. Instead, he offered his $ONic.. to the Confedtracy and ....as placW in charge of coastal defen .... He later acted as a military advisor to President Jefferson Davi" who appOinted him Commander of the Army of Norlhem Virg inia and. eventually. Commander in Chid of all

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THE A1ABANA lAWYER

Confederate forcn. The Civil War tlMntilolly tNlrd when Ltt wr~ndtred to Crant al Appomo.ItOJl Coul'thowt on April 9, 1865. Although defeat WiS bit· ttr. most Southerntr, r«ogniud tilt brillilonct Ii Ltt's lellCkrship and app«. dated his loyally and hi' sacrifICe on bthalf iii the 5oo.Ith. All an ajlres.ion 01 thai appr«illtion, the Alabama legi,latun named one of ils newly cruled cOllntits in his honor. Afttr the war. Lte btcame prtsident of Washington University in Lt~ingIOn. Virginia. He ~i ed thut on Oclober 12. 1870. Following his death. the school was rtn.lomed Washington and !.te. After Ltt County was formed, the cil;· uns held an tl«tion to detmni ... the county Hal. In this election. O~lib T«tivtd 8211101a. Sooltm T«tived 532, and Auburn T«tivtd 225. Oprlib won lhe tltction in LIorQt rTIUSIIn: ~ 01 iu rolilr<WI conn«lions. II should be noted thai the 18S5 branch rolilroad to Columbus WaS originally planned for Auburn. Auburn failed to mut certain con~itions neceSNry to accommodate the railroad, conditions which {)ptlika met. and so Opelika ended up wilh Ihe branch line, The foresight of Opelib's citiunry thus U$urttl iu (utu~ as the county stat and the mOJt imporlant town in lhe irnmtdilote Irea. The fint courthooH in Opelib was modrled after the MonlflOmrry County courthouse , having a raised pOrtico md1ed by cuMng memilsuin. Little mort is known about this courtl>o~ ucept that it was roled southeast of the courthooH Iitu «Instrucled neu downtown Oprliulo rf1>laa it. By the wt ~ iii the 19th centul')', Opelika and Lte County hIod sufficiently I"«OVI'rtIl from tilt Civil War and Recon· .truction eras to undertakt tht building oIl1 ntW oourthouse. The COI'IWrstooe for this building was laid on ()etober 10, 1896. Wlid gnat pagwltry lind fanlan:. The ceremony ref1«ted I.... trtmttXlous pridr that tilt citim'<ll had in their com· munity. F~I masonic rit .. _n: rnd lit the cltdiClition. Many il'''''' 0( rol intertsl _ t.... n pI.Ioctd in a reup!aclt for Sl~ in the cornerslone. Sermons. singing and JPm'hts foiled the day. The primary JpteCh _ delivered Ir!' William J. s..mford woo would bt eledtd I/O'-'I'r. nor of AJ~ma thrH )'farslattr. A newspaper report gave the highlights

HIE AlABAMA LAWVEII

which Irt 01 interm tocl.ay beaouse they illuminate the thinking that ltd our fordat ...... to riO to war with AIaboma's Indians and takt I.... 'r WIlls wilh ~ry~. if lIny, qualms. Ltt Coun· ty hIId bten eslllblislltd only 30 ~lIr$ befort, and tilt Crttk Ind~ had bwl dri,.. n wcstw~rd only 30 yurs blfo.. thon. s..mford noted lhat mMI)' people .tililiving in the counly could n:mtmber tilt departu ... of the "primiti~ ra.c:t". He alluded to the march westward as "tilt weary tramp 01 a fading ra.c:t". Then in glowing temlll Ill: dueribN the build· ing up of civilization on Ihe hunting grounds 0I11It "savage", Needless to say. t.... India"" would ha~ reHnted tlltot n:marks, but they accurattly ren«l the thinking in lhost days. [n 1896 the tolIIIIy sttUl"td the str\'ices 0( Andrtw J. Bryan and Company of Atlanta 10 dtsign a two-stOfy, noo-c ..... sical revi""j Slruo:tu~. The design ..... quilt lImbitious for I county lhal ,,;as predominantly rural , The building. sti1l in use today. comisu of a central 5edion flanked Ir!' two win~. The ctntral por· tion has a porti«l with six fluted Ionic columns sUPflOrting I roof pediment. An outstanding feature of this court· house is ilswindows. On the strond 1Ioor. ~ the main tnt ran«, is a Palladian window. I LIorge, ItChed. central opening flanktd by smalltr, ..ctlngular o~n· i"iS on och side. This thtme is modified in the wl\trt och contains I large sash window with smaller side SiSOO on lhe first floor and an ornate Venetilon window with Kroll work on the KWIId floor. ~ promintnt featu ... 01 the em· tral HCtion 01 the courthouse is its square brick steeple tOll\1td by a cornice, ~ the comice is a uction with a louwred Palladian wincl(w,o.!\bow the will<lc.o! is a clode $«lion capped Ir!' . circu ..... cornice. The tnlire leatu ... is <;f(IWnrd with a small dome and omammt. The courthouse Will completed in 18%. Andre"" lnd Stewn, ...... the contndors. The loW COSI for the IItW courthouH and a jail_ $65.000. The red brick structure was lidded 10 the NatioNl lleaister Ii Hisloric: Placts on luly 23, 1973. A Ont·story addition 10 the probate office was made after World War II. And. as lime passed, ""rious modern ameni· ties ..... rt added to the building. Ewn so.

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19701, the plumbing in the building _ in.lodequale an~ in poor condi· tion: lilt mechllnicat s)'Stem consisted 01 sltam ndiators throughout the build· ing; air condilioning was improviHd with duct wortc being apoHd in o/flCes and public corridor1: lind lilt el«lrical $)'Sttm _ inadtquate. [n I rtpOrt made 10 tho county comrnwiontn during this ptriod, the buildinQ was d ..cribtd as lotally obsoIett in mHting current build· ing codts, fire codes, and handicapped code .. ~ui~mtnu, Constquently, the county autooritit~ dtvistd I pLlon for the courthouse which combined rtnOVoltion 0( tilt old building with construction of a large a~dition annend 10 t .... rtar. n,., plans, along wilh a salts tax ~~rmdum proposal 10 fund the projecl . ....nl btlo.. the cili· _lor I "'Ott in Ml.y 1978. The rtfer· endum _ dtf..,ttd Ir!' the mltn. In May 1980, a 12-rnember Citiun', Advisory COmmillU was appOinttd to ilddrw tilt courthouot crisis. The fi~ rnembt .. of tilt county legislative dde· gation och appointed two mtmbers to th. committee and the county commis· ,ion appointed lwo member.!. The «1m· mitttt Hltc\ed T. K. Oavis, Jr. to HTVe as iu chllirman.

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NOVEMBE;1I1995 / 339

In Juowu, 1981. u.. tommitlH 'tc:omrnffI<kd ib solution. It ~ tNt I new J .....iu CentH bt buill on I 35-1CTt ITXt bttwttn tM cilies 01 Auburn and Optlikl. The tenler would ~,cenlrlll adminislrlIlion RCtion wilh II ronnecting rlIdial ~elen. lion facilily . The hislor ic cou rlhouse would bt ~taint<!. renovaled and uS(d for county offl«!. A one·cenl cGunly·wide nits In WIIlIld bt pul in pl~t for six yon IG fund Ihe p'ojecl, and II Ltt Counly Public Buildi ng Aulhorily would be "Ult<! wilh Ihe abililY 10 issue t'n'. enUe bonds. Thia propo .. 1 was un animously ac«plt<! by Ihe Itgislalive delegalion, and then Iht sa lts tax was approwd by Ihe enlire Alabama Legislalure. In Augual 1981, Ihe one-tenl ..I" lu wtnt in\() effect for II maximum period of six yun. The newly cruled Ltc County Public Building Authority JUb.. Hlluenlly issut<! ,evtnue hondl. The 101111 COSI for the project was 58.645 million. l.anc.uter and Lancaster of Auburn. Alabama served as architects for Ihe project. W. J. Duncan was prOjecl man· lier. AnI! tke West Point Construction Company, Inc. of W.sl Point, Gtorgil. WI!]/tntrlII contTXtor. ~diulion cuemonies for Ih. lA:t CG1Jnly Justice Cenler look place on Sunday. N(Mmbtr II. 1984. The entire o;omplex was named for T. K. lnvis, Jr., chairman (If Ihe Cilizon's Advisory

Committ«, who SI)tr11 numerous houn pulling t",ether ])«Iple and ideas 10 rrW<c the emln I re;aJity. The courl building is a I,"o·slol)l structure whio;h ~ Ike cirruit and district COUri judges. Ike eireuit clerk. Iht district attorney. Ihe sheriff. th. courl adminislrator. and olhn public offices. The detention facility radiates

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around II conlral <:(Inlrol area and has minimum. medium and muimum s«urity sections available. Chitf Justico C.C. "Bo" Torbert. Jr.. a ...tM: of l« County, JIaw the principal address at the dfdication c~ rnnoni~s. He callfd 1M facilily "_ 01 the most modem. efficltntly designed. and down· right beauliful courl slrodur" in tke .ta\~." H. luriM. noled thai the slruc·

C HILD SU PPORT Software vcr. 2.0

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had 5fltCW areas lor electronic and

print media who could obKM tht judi· cial process wilhout disturbing Irial p.ocudin.,. Torn..t W<'nt on 10 u.y that. "Our roum are open. our trials are public, and our titiutUI ha".. a righl and re.pOn5iblity to be ~ware of what is happening In Iheir judicial lyslem. " As pl'OpOMd in tke Citiun'l A<Ni sory Commilltc recommendi!ion. the old Ltt Counly CourlholLSt '"is retained iII"\fJ r_tN. Work began on 1M pr!>ject in n.t.:.mbtr 19&5. and wu compleiN in Stplembtr 1987. Ouri", the renovalion, the courlhouse offien and personnel rnoYt<l to 1M old Woolworth IMation in downtown Opelika. The architect for the prGjecl was Chafin ~' unculer. Bi1l~ Ouncan scMd is project manager. Thil pkut of tke m&&\" pi.., cod 52.6 million. 1M hisloric LH Counly CG1JrlkouK todiy conillins Iht LH County In assusOT. In colltc:lor. pl"Oblote judge, and board of edualion offi~

1M counly should be rommtndtd for Nvinl ib Marly ''''tury old courthouse II well as for building a new Justice Center lhat ;s rompletely paid for. The total project hal becGme , symbol of public pride and responsible use 01 InpaY'r ....,...,.

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"'~~_"""_""tJ. /J$$iJIantz ofl.Jl!l Qxmt¥ Probate ~ JhJI Smith. I.N Qxmt¥ Hiltorian Wilbur L. Black· morl. Optlika allomev Bob MeadIJl/'s, rmd Birmirlgham allo"",¥ Tim Smith /i)r rrwterial USl!d i" this a. tic/I!. •

:~----------------------------

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MSDOS (v 1.16) ql)' :__ $39 95+$8.9S tIh TOlaI: $____ Windows (,. 2.00) qI}" __ $1 ~9.00+SIl .95 tIh Tow : $ ____ Ck

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(205) 822 -5289 (orders) 906-8672 (t~h sUPPOr1)

Alabama Dispute Resolution Foundation

A COMMITMENT TO THE BETTERMENT OF SOCIETY AND OUR PROFESSION By Marshall Timberlake

ithin tht nut few months, the ntwl~ . form~d At""'-ma Diwutt RUQlution Foundation will ini· tiat. a fund·raisillll c.r.mp;oign and beiin contact·

Ini mtmbtn 0( the SllIlt

and Ih. gtnua]

public uqutStinlll contribution of r",ndJ to support 0( 1M dMclo!>mtnt of,\OR in Alabama. Tht F<)tJnd;itioo. which was Cffllltd this pall! summer. has as itJ primary purpo~ lh. conlinu lng r.nancial support for various ,tat, and local dispute r.solution prOllrarm. Thut programs involw both rourt· anntxtd A1lernaliw OiSllOJtt Resolution (Al)R) tfforU» ~ll u conununity-bMed CClfIflict raoIutJon pmj«U. Tht princ:ipal rKipitnts 01 u.. fundi"" will bE the rKtnlly established ~n· It. for Dispute Resolution in Montgomery, school and ntlgh.

borllood programs. and local bar usocialion groups. Why a.. funds nwled and how will they bt !ptntl Sin« 1992... lot of hard WO<It his ~ inlG dtutloping a mocItl AOR p...ognm in this sm •• In 1990. 48 .boles had $OtrIC form 01 a sUIt ADR progmn--bul not AbbloIN., and )'OS. not MinissiPl'i. This ntt<kd to change and it did. In 1992. through tile efforts THE AlASA.," I.AWYER

rntlle ltate bar Task ~'oroe on ADN. the AJabama Civil Court Med iation Rules .... n iIdoptw b}' the lu~nmt court. NUl. a Ctoter for Dispute RHOlut;on w:as (rated;md funded with :ann~1 gr<>nll from the AWwn>. Uw Foundation.. A $bIe court AnR Ibtdxd. with madd mediation pn)aduru. fonns, etc:.. was publishtd. Educational prognms weu ~Ioped through CLE Kmifl/lr$ for ~ltoroeys, forrnaJ PTOII",nu lor state judgu at tlleir annual and mid .winter conf....,nca. and oW- at the Judicial College for nrwly·eltcted judga. T"";ning prognml lor mediators and arbitf"illors haw bttn ~. A sbkwick mediation panel has betn instituted. A raourtt libf"ilJ)' on ,>,DR has betn established. Work with school conmct ~mtnt ~rogranu and neighborhood di'pute ruolution proj~1I hu betn undertaken. Loal bir AnN committees Ila~ betn ~I Oped. In 1994. M 10 lilt need for a permantnt body 10 ownee the lonlI·ran~ devdopment and impltfTWnu,tion of ADR in !hi'! stalt. the Supmnt Court Commiuion on Dispute ResoIu. tion wu cnllted. Thi' commission i, currently reviewing I mullitude 01 proj«lI. ~'or example. the Commi<l5ion il working

NOVEMIlER 1995 / 34 1

on a Code of EthiC$ for Mediators in the state court system, and soon will Mgin comidering professional standards for the mediation practice. Unfortunately, all of this work takes money. and presently there is no .. liable inoome stream. The Aiabamll Law Founda· tion grant> will SOOn tenninal •. and the Center's operating cost> will need to be covered. Area:! ",t.kh need funding include school mediation, local neighborhood dispute resolution cen· t.rs, publication costs. staff mediators in small claims courts, formal mediator training programs, surveys and analyses of ADR results . public infonnation proj<x1s. conferences. etc. Why do we _k funding from private resources such as our own membe ..? The sltort answer. as selfish as it mIIY sound. is simply that such fuooing is ultimately for "the good of our profession". The public-<)Ur clientelo----has both directly and indio rectly pl eaded that we. as lawye ... provide them with a process \0 resolve their legal disputes in which the process iu.lf is oot destructive of the quality of their lives. The exacting toll of money. ti"", and stm. involved in fu ll force litigation does not serve the best interest of every person. Litigation certainly has its firm place in our 5OCiety, and thi> will not change. H""..wer. far too often, lit igants find that once they are in such a process, it i. difficult to .. tricate themselves, particularly when they ha,~ elChawted their funds, thei r emotions have subsided. Or their daims have becomt ~kened. This frequently ~ults in lOpSided Or unfavorable settlements which can lea"" dient> with a bad taste for our judicial system and. unfortunately . even for laWjiers, no matter how good a job we did. Finally. there are some disputants wOO at the outset simply want noth. ing more than a form of controlled negotiation or fact·finding.

which is brief and inexpensive and enables them to settle their differences and get on "ith their lives and businej.$i'.'l. Prior to 1992. when th e Alabama Civil Court Mediation Rules were adopted. laWjie.. in Alabama had only one dispute resolution option to off.. clients. namely, litigation. Now. oot only is mediation available. but arbitr3tion, mini · trials and summary jury triab. as Wl'1I as 3 host of other hybrid fOnn! of ADR. can be offfred our dient>. This is good because the pub· lic "",,' can choose and decide how it wants to ruolve a dispute. and WI' as attomeys can MSist in that process. Why are there oot other sources of funds available? There are such sources, but presently these sources aTf- oot depend. 3bl~. lVe ha". reviewed, and are continuing to review. all fund · ing options. such as legislative appropriation •. filing fees. grants and mediation fee,. However, these efforts take lime to materialize. and if we are to continue 10 establish a forst dMS prognm in this state. one we can litenlly ",how off". we noed immediate funding. Our state has waited far too long to begin the development of ADR. Fortunately. we have come a long way in a very short lime, W. must continue to progress. and do so in a manner which will en5ure suCCeSS. When cal led upon 10 contribute. please klWW that you are making a com· mitment with a long· term implication. one which will seM': not onl~ )'Our client>' int • ...,ts but that of )'Our profession as Wl'11.

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r------------------------------------------ - ----, ADDRESS CHANGES Compltle tho loon below ONI.Y if thore .r. ,~ 10 )OOr li<ting in tilt CUrrtnt Alabama !Jar Dio'rt:Wry_ Due 10 chong.. in !lot statute IfOveming .t<!CIio<> 0{ bar commiosioners. WI' """" ore required 10 usc member>' office oddm.<e<, ""I... """" is "';labl. Of a member is prollibited from receiving .ale b.lr ....;t at tht ollie<. AdOilionally. the Al""""'" !Jar ~ is compilO<l from OUr "";Ii". Ii.t .rod il is impOrtant to .... oddmoes for thaI reuon. NOTE: If .... do not knQw 0{ an add,.... cll>ngt, .... u ru'K>! nW<e the ~!}' chm.g<$ """,,,records, oopl.... notil)< ", ..'hmyour ~ ,~. ",.il fGnn 10: ChrIJlio T. frH ....... P.O. 1IoJI671. ",,,,,,gomer)'. AI. 36101.

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I I L ________ _ ______________________________________ J 342 t NOVEMBER 1995

THE ALABAMA LAWYER

AlABAMA STATE BAR

1995-96 TASK FORCES TASK FORCE OS AOUlT UttRACY e",";., lynne B. Kitchens, Monlgqmery_

242-4J.t7 ","·<luir: ~rk

AlABA,\lA FIRST CA.'!PAleS TASK

FORCE MichMl L Edw~tds. Birmil!ghDm_

"..,." Clui. Emeritus:

Il000Td of B;or Commi50ionen Ulis()n,

1132·8800

roung ~n' Rtpl'Qtl1WiYr: Lttlit M.

rron. Binningham-

322·1100 SWfLQison:

W.lln R. Byars, Jr .. MOI'Ilvomer¥-

Sub-commiU«: I'bn 01 Action.nd ImpiemmtJlion

Ch.ir:

Michael L Edwards. Binninghom_ 22ij..J401 Mtmbt-n:

Mtmbt=

Han. Albert P. B~r. Hlrminghl1m Edward M.I'.iooo, Ill, Birmingham Hon. Sonny L Homsby.MonIgomery

Polly O. E'*'."""isIOl'l Jerome A. H<'lIl'nwI, 1'watIoosa W~lynn Cilmore-Phillippi. CI'f)W filII Conn;. Jill 1lall, Monlgomerv Cynthia A. Holland. Munt9(>mer¥

Borne B. Stokt:s, Birmingham An#ll L Coorvr, MonIgrJml!rJ/ M. 8n<11ey AImond, Tuscaloosa s,u,rie G. C!'lIves, Eufaula

Phillip E. Mlms. Jr.. (lrJf!liko

Han. Sarah M. Greenn.w.~ J. Timothy Smith. Birmingham Hon. Inge f'. Johnson. Tuscumbia Williml O. Scrugg!.. Jr .. F'1)r/ ~ " r,llie J. HunUey. 'r .. Mobi~ Sidney W. Jicioon. III, "Iobil, J. EdIo.'~rd Thornton. MobilQ J. MitllKl C()na;,,~y. Dolhlm

GiRl L Thonw;,~ ~m.I

S. Dun, Opelika

SuIKommillrc

Richard C. Swagler, Birmingham

Progl'1lmJ

D. Michael Barrett , Birmi"9ham /lUrk H. H~. BirminghDm A. EvansC~,HoIHIc

C~ir:

Myra B. SbggJ., Birmingham

Glory C. Huckab)', Jlunlsl,ilhz Norborne C. Stone. IT .. &!lMineItQ Heien Shores Lee. JJlrmingham Harold V. Hughston. Ir., TuscumJJia Emily B. Gassenlwimer. Monlgomery E. T. Brown. Ir.. Birmingham Joe C. Cassady. t·nlnp.w SuIKommitttt' o..truch SuIKommiltff to l'romoIe

Edward M. Pattmon. Monl~_ 269-1515

Eliuboth SmiUlart, Unioo Springs

O. Snodgrw., Hunt..nlk FranKJ. Tipl... Ir .. Andalusia IK(ju.lyn Eo SIIa... Birmingham Jama I.. North. Birmingham ./()hn

Ch.ir:

N. Clwnblw. I'IonlflOllWT¥272·2230

Edward T. HintS, BrlwI0rr-867-6063

I.. Om<' RWdtn. Birmingham

for Uwyt-r InvoMment

SabriNl A. Simon. Birmingham581-0700

Member!: Robtrt L. POlU. F'lormc/I

~F;rsl

Co-chairs: William B. Alverson. Ir .. Andalus/a_ 2Z2-3ln CourlMyA. Loftin,MonI9fJt1WTr242 .... 578 Mrmbers: l.Jvwh M. RIttle. Birmingham

W* H. &my,Dothan I-Ion. o.vid McKay [",lvi, F'agettl! Ben H. Harris. J. .. Mobile John David Knight , Cullman Williml B. Matthews. S. .. Ozark ~'l'1Ink B. McRight. ,1fQbi~ OHley W. Mellon. 1... Monl~ Jon H. Moo.es , Dl!calu. M. R. NKhnun. IT .. Montgon>ery lOOn Tom ibdney.AluanderCiIIl Hon. I);!";d A. Raj,.,. F'1)r/ Pa~

NO\'DIBER 1995/343

AlABAMA STATE BAR

1995-96 TASK FORCES TASK FORCE OS AOUlT UttRACY e",";., lynne B. Kitchens, Monlgqmery_

242-4J.t7 ","·<luir: ~rk

AlABA,\lA FIRST CA.'!PAleS TASK

FORCE MichMl L Edw~tds. Birmil!ghDm_

"..,." Clui. Emeritus:

Il000Td of B;or Commi50ionen Ulis()n,

1132·8800

roung ~n' Rtpl'Qtl1WiYr: Lttlit M.

rron. Binningham-

322·1100 SWfLQison:

W.lln R. Byars, Jr .. MOI'Ilvomer¥-

Sub-commiU«: I'bn 01 Action.nd ImpiemmtJlion

Ch.ir:

Michael L Edwards. Binninghom_ 22ij..J401 Mtmbt-n:

Mtmbt=

Han. Albert P. B~r. Hlrminghl1m Edward M.I'.iooo, Ill, Birmingham Hon. Sonny L Homsby.MonIgomery

Polly O. E'*'."""isIOl'l Jerome A. H<'lIl'nwI, 1'watIoosa W~lynn Cilmore-Phillippi. CI'f)W filII Conn;. Jill 1lall, Monlgomerv Cynthia A. Holland. Munt9(>mer¥

Borne B. Stokt:s, Birmingham An#ll L Coorvr, MonIgrJml!rJ/ M. 8n<11ey AImond, Tuscaloosa s,u,rie G. C!'lIves, Eufaula

Phillip E. Mlms. Jr.. (lrJf!liko

GiRl L Thonw;,~ ~m.I

S. Dun, Opelika

SuIKommillrc

Richard C. Swagler, Birmingham

Progl'1lmJ

D. Michael Barrett , Birmi"9ham /lUrk H. H~. BirminghDm A. EvansC~,HoIHIc

C~ir:

Myra B. SbggJ., Birmingham

Edward M. Pattmon. Monl~_ 269-1515

Eliuboth SmiUlart, Unioo Springs

O. Snodgrw., Hunt..nlk FranKJ. Tipl... Ir .. Andalusia IK(ju.lyn Eo SIIa... Birmingham Jama I.. North. Birmingham ./()hn

Ch.ir:

N. Clwnblw. I'IonlflOllWT¥272·2230

Edward T. HintS, BrlwI0rr-867-6063

I.. Om<' RWdtn. Birmingham

for Uwyt-r InvoMment

SabriNl A. Simon. Birmingham581-0700

Member!: Robtrt L. POlU. F'lormc/I

~F;rsl

Co-chairs: William B. Alverson. Ir .. Andalus/a_ 2Z2-3ln CourlMyA. Loftin,MonI9fJt1WTr242 .... 578 Mrmbers: l.Jvwh M. RIttle. Birmingham

NO\'DIBER 1995/343

TASK FOIICE ON BENCI! I\;\'I) BAlI 1I.;LAT10NS Chair: Eliubdh Ann ~ Birmirlghum-5JlI-62AO V"1(f-(halr: Hon. Hugh Maddox. l'fonlgomery242-4593 IlOilrd of lI~r Commissioners liiison: lame. E. Williarru. M01llgomery-

263-6621 Young I....w)'us"

lI ~prtStnlili>"t;

C. C. Torbtrt. III. MonlfJOmllTg241-8000

Stiff l..bbcm: Edw.lrd M. Pitterson. MonI(lOt'fleTg269·1515 M~mbtr':

Kenneth M. Sc:hul""'rt. Jr., Da:alur 1I0n.&n Md.auchlin. (kark lion. William It Gordon. Mooigom;!Yll lion. Samuti li. Moo •• II. Allnisioo 1100. Aubrry .'ord. Jr.. T~ Hoo. ~ 11. P,lttl"lOO.Fforenat Hon. C. Lynwood Smith. H""t....·ilk Uoo. WilIimI A. J;ackson. Birmi>1gham Joe R. Whatlty. lr~ Birmingham Cf.ry1 P. Privell. Birmingham ~ Walton W~r,1I1.

Moo'''''''''

tbrald F.llerring.llull/s.dlle

Edward 8. Md)l'rmott.Mobl/e 1100. Robert C. Kendall. MoJJile Hoo. Tllmr;o O. Mitchell, Hon.

Birmi"f19ham

Hon. \\r,Uillm It S~le.l'fobi/, Hon. Cf.nw:1I11 Cl'ftnl' Nolll"Wl, Birmingham

Han. Matgard L CivNn. MonlgomtTlf W~ C. Slwn"t •. ~tQ Otbor;oh Sut Sanden. Montgomery Thomas R. loots. Jr .. Tuscaloosa elfO Thomas, Jr., Annis/or! Fr.d W. Thompson, Jr.,Ash/and 344 / NOVEMBER 1995

lion. Jowph A. Colquitt. Tusca/OOSQ Hon. John M. IWrh. Tuscaloosa 'I(\or I..tt Hayslip. Birmingham Timothy L OilbnlBirmingham Mac M. Moorer. Birmingham TASK I'OIICE OS fl:E OISI'UTE IIESOLUTION Cllair: 1I000nl")' A. Mu., Binninghllm_

of I»r Commissionen Li.>imn: Richard S. Manley. Dtmopo/is289·1384 J~rd

\'oung law)'I'n' IItprnrnbliw-: Royce A.lby, 11L MobiJe-..<US..5871

Staff LiIIisor>:

Edw,rd M. I'ltlel"lOO./'fontflOt1ler¥269·15 15

William Woodrow Sanderson. Jr..

Memben: L. Drew Redden. Birmingham JomnC.lbrton. Sr., Birmingham

Hutllsllille-5J5.IIOO

Richard F. Ogle. Birmingham

Ikwd ol8;or Commi$SloMn LiIIimn: John Percy OIMr, JI, DaM.'i1/t-

Drnd A.

930-5174

.".9296 Stall" \boons: £dw.Ird M. ~tterson. l'fonlflOt1ler¥-

269·1515 Ton), /okl..Jjn, Mont9QmfIY-269·IS15 Mcmb-tn:

W. Keith Wat.iru. Trog Htnryl . •·rohsin. Birmingham bmu So

iJol.'d. Birmingham

C«>rgt A. Tonsmtirt. lr.. l'fobi/e

Kirkbnd M)"tn. Birmingham William B.lwnlon, III, BirminghQrn

Iurry

CrfllO!"Y 1I. II.JW1ey. Birmingham J. Harry Bblock. Birmingham Gordon O. Yannl'r, ,IIobik Charln N. ~IcKnighl. l'fooil, MichKl S. McNair.,IIobil~

Robert C. lIobison, "",,,,,.. Ion Gary O. HOOjltr, Birminglwm

William H. Saliboo. ,llooile Oonold D. [)oxrr, Jr .. Ba,l l'f""'I1~ TASK I'OIICE 0."1 JU!)1CW.S£I.£CJ'ION OWr: Rabtrt P. Dtrriston.~1tJIJW.

].W·n.u V'oct·chalr: Carol SI,H: Ntlson. Birmingham252·9321

~"tJl.

Mobik

Joe II. Whatley, Jr•. Birmingham John B. TtUy, Jr .. Birmingham lIobtrt T. Meadows. III. Opelika Hon. Ctorgt C. Simpson.. klrland CrtllO'Y O. Criffin, /IIontgomerv 0akl'Y W. Melton. Jr., Montgomery MichKl A. f igures. ,llooil" C. N~~l l'ope . ColurnfJus, Q1Qrgia

bmn L Klinefeiter.Amlis/on Hon. L E. Cosa. V"""", Jul"" O. 8utl,r, lIun/sllille WII)'I"IWl C. Sherrer. Oneon/a

J. fJolrlty McOonoId, III./'fon/gomer, Conr;od M. F~r.lmtdl Cllrol Ann SmIth. Birminghom

lIImu D. P~n.Birmi1lgham Ctorg. Walker. Mooik Marsh/lll Timberl~ke. Birmingham

TAS": ~O IlC.: TO STU!)V CIl EATIOS OF lNTE R~ATIO~AL LAW SECT lOS CIl~Ir:

Robtrt J. Cox. Birminghom822·9240

V"lCe...:hair: Boyd F. c,.",pbell.HontgotntrV272·7092 8 001"<1 oll»r CommiJ.liontn LiIIimn: Palrick II. Craws. Jr.. HutllSl.·iII_

517-51 43

SWfumon:

Edward M. Pallenon. MOO1/~ 269-1515

""""""

Orrin K. Amu. III ..'"fobif,

JOKJ)h W. Mathews. Jr.. Birminghom

Robert W. Ried .., ifarl/jJ)ille Colin Htnry luu. Birmingham Wf$Jey Pi,,", ,ItOOi~ Wendy Broolu CffW. &"rminghom Michael R. Silbenna.n. Birmingham Cregory S. Cusimano, Gadidm Chri.tOfl/ler R. Jones. 1"usco1oom Jamtl F. Vickny. Jr .• Montgomerg Susan J. Walk«. Monl9OTfWr# J. Timothy Smith. Birmingham William 11. I'r}'Or. Jr., Mmllgomerv C. Mih &nson. Auburn Charli!:l D. Cole. Birmingham C. Pdtr BoIvig.IIl. Birmingham

lamet C. Wiloon, Jr .. Birmingham

Rore. A. Ra~ . Ill. Mobi'"

R. Marlin Adams. Dothan Midwl Hugh Jo/Inson. Birmingham Timothy B. Crows.an. M<ldisoo flanna-hinder Singh Bagga.

Joel Williams. Trot!

Memben: J~ Wan~ lhm/Jl'iI~

TI"II.>mM L Doug!as.Jr .• Birmingham Robert E.l. Gi]pin,Moo/g<>m;'"IJ Hubbard Henry Harvey. Jr .. Moot~

W.a.ltor J. Sur$. III Birmingham Boll D. Gary. Jr.. Birmingham fl. Knox McMillan. Hun/st'ille Clark S. Gillespy. Birmingham 1Wbert A. Wtbb. Birmingham Guy L Bums. Jr.,Birmingham

Birmingham

William B. Broodwater. MoCi/1t F. Groy R"<kIitl. Jr., /ofQbik Kathlem Mary Johnson, Birminghtlm Charln D. Colt. Birmingham L Daniel Morris. Jr .,MootgomerV

w. DougIu lanford, Jr., 1"uscoloosa J.o.lI. Mi.... Manti. T"uscoIoosa

TASK

~"OII CE

ON MF.MHO/SIII !>

Chair.

Stephm A. ROW(. Birmingham_ 25<).;000

Kathryn W. Mil"«, Birmingham_

716-2680 lIoud of BarCommi.. ionen Liao..on: Ib.lph N. HobbI.. Se.'ma-874-6683 Young~·

ReprnmtaiYt:

Dmise A. Fe'l!lIS()n.llunlSl:ilffl533·1421 Staff I,i.isoru: Tony MelAin. Monlgomerv_ 269.1515 Edw:ord M. f'altenon. MQtllgonlnjl_ 269-1515 TIlE AU.&\.."IA LAWn:R

TASK fORCE ON "'I lNOKITY l'ARTICIP,\TlON NiD OPI'OR1'lJNrrY

Chair.

MichHI K. K. Choy. Birmingham_ 251-1000 Vict·chl ir.

Jack Drl.kt.1"usco1ooso--759_1234 Bo.1rd of Bar CommiJ.l.iorwn I..ialson: J. Mason Davis. Birmingham_ 9J().5134 Young Lowyers' KtprtKntltiw:

Gail C. Washington. Birminghom_ 93G-519(1 SI~ff

Liaison:

Chair.

Jerry Wood. Monlgomet}f--834-3(l(l6

Mnnben:

Vi'Hhair.

Calvin M. Whit .....lI. Jr.. Bo.1rd 0( Har Commis5lontn wison: Conrad M. Fowler. Jr .. Cc/umbiuno_ 669·6783 Staff wo..on:

Vkt·dair.

Man·ann" Melko. M01i1gom1!1"11 ~rl.ld H. T~yIor. Jr.. Birmirlflhum Roy w. GI'VII/t1", Ill. MonI{/Otller6

F.dward M. PattnJOn,Man/gomel"Jl"_ 269-1515

SE II VIC.;S

MonI~--834-sm

TA$j( fORCE OS lEGAL t:oUCATIOS

MichHl S.s.aIy.MonI~ S. AI.., Spoon. Mootgomt'ly

Edw:ord M. f'at~rlOfI. MooljjlOml'ry_ 269· 1515 Members:

Tammy L Frazier.llun/s.,il/, AM M. Lambtrl, MonlfltJmer¥ Michad McNair. ,ItOOik l. BofNrd Smithart. Union Spring$ II. Joan Rickels. BirmiT/flhQm Gtorge II. Harris. Birmingham Ann MarWII.Birmingham William H. Woodward, Jr .. llun/Jl:ille Salem N. RHha.Jr .. ~ II. Graham ~:sdal •. Jr., BimliT/flham

Hon. Charli!:l PrO«. Montgomery John James Coltnlan. Jr., lJirmingham John C. Fllkfr\berry. &·rminghom ikYrrly Pool./bktr, Birmingham """,ton l. 81"0\<1". Birmingham CIeoph .... Thon\u, Jr .. Annislon lNlori!:l R. 8oj>d. Monlgomerv l"yronf ClIritOrl Muns. Mon/9(Nnt'rJJ Ktno.th J. MtndtlJohn. Mon~ Thomas R. DfHTlly. Moolgcll"m'l"Jl" Thomas Henry rigo~5. Mobile w. Harold Albritton. IV, AndiJlU$/Q Kobert Simms Thompson. Tusktgftl J~rril« P. ~lIm.llunlscilk llmet BIar.kmon. I~. Birmingham StfWart c. Sprin~r. Birmingham Patricia T. Mandt, Birmingham 1m Kmntth O. Simon. fJirmirVIam Drmrtri .... C. Ntwton. Birmingham TarNrl. Young Let, Monlgomer, I'aigt N. ea1")ltnter. TU$CO/OOSiJ

Sa", F'rance:$

H~idt,

Birminghum

""lIie J, Huntley. Jr.. Mobile Cedric B. Colvin, MontflO<1W'Jl Fndtric A.. Ransom, 1lrrnISton Artur G. ~vis. Montgomery Cuw Iwy. Jr .• Jasper TASK FO RCE OS SOLO AND S.'ll\LL FIRM PRAcrlTI ONERS Chair: Paul A. llranlie)', Monlgomery265·1500 \'ct..:hair: W. It..rold Albritton. IV.JIndolusio222-31n Boud of liar Commis$iontn 1.W$on: John A.. RWoKII,IlI,Alimllk37J~14

Young LawyfT$' R.prnrntati\·." Jeffrey R. McLaughlin. Birmfnghom--582·2520

Staff Li~ison: Edward M. PlOttenon. MonlfI(ImerJI269·1515 "'.mbn$:

W. CrtII Wud. /.imt>/1 ~I\e

A.. Pri«. Jr.. Bmrtoo

WiIIi<llTl O. Kirk. Jr., CmroIllon Jama S. WlOnJ. Birmingham Leon BtmanJ SmiUv.rt. Union Springs Willi. J. Huntley, Jr .• Mobile

Billy I., ~rter. Mon/gomer" JosqJh 11>orms Booth. IV. Monlf/(Jml?¥/l Sarah L.. ThonlpS(lfl, Tuw1ioosa Ntal P. Conner. D«rllur Wade K. 1I'';,.,t, Cun/mt:ille F.dpr C. ~ntle. III. BiTmirrghmn Jmnif.r L.. I.unt. Monlgomerg Thonw It. Boggi. Jr.,DnnopoIis William C. "'ul. Birminghom 1. .·",nk lIud, Cc/umbianq Allen R. Stontr. Monlgomery Patrick J. Anderson. Aliceville Kendall 1'1, Maddox, Birmingham 346 1 NOVfo:MBi:R 1995

Laura K. CRgO.". TwrolOOS(] Eliz.abtth C. Smitmrt. Union Springs J, CustyYurout. Birmingham

Sanh 11, SttwlOrt. Mobile J~rril", P......'lOlltn.llun/suille

John M. Kmnemfr. Tuscumbia AndrN J. Sinor. Jr .. Birminghqm Mary L.. ~rll!)isi. Birmingham

~ry

DMI C. King,III .&swner Sam Mapln. Birmingfwm EdIoo'lrd I~ I), Smith. Mobile Cart.r A. Robinson.llunlwille 1'1,0. King. I.... OJrroIllon MuLo Y. NtwnWl. Dolhon Marcus W. Reid. hmislon TASK fORCE ON ....'OMEN IN TIlE PROfESSION

CcH:.... i.., CKil~ J,

Collins. fofobik--432· 7682

Margaret H. Young. FlOi"iCE 767·0700 Boord of E»r Commissioners Liai50n: Cathy S, Wright, Birmingham2501·1000

"'-

Dtloru R. Boyd. Mon19lJmf1TY-

SUff LilIison:

Edward M. Pallu1Ofl. Monlgomerg-

Teresa

Norman."'DrlI~

C NTINUA ON

~O~'~I;:! 995.96 COMM1};[TT ~E~ES~ SPF.CIAI. I.IAISON TAX CO~MITIEE

mR TilE SOurll EAST RECION Membtn:

....

D. Kyle Johnson. MonlgomtrJ/-

StU/lrtJ. I"rmtz. Birmingham521-8216 C.l'orter Brock. Jr .. MOOiIe-432.s511

TIlE BlRM ISCIlA..'1 OFrrCE o r THE IRS "'.mbt.., Bradley J. SkLor, Birminghtlm930·5152 Ronald A. Lmtt. Birminghqm-

,.,..,,,

W,I·ISIS M.mbr.., Btvtrly P. &leu. Birminghum CLoirt A. BI~k. Tuw1ioosa Pamela It Buq. Birminghom Robin I.. Burrell, Birmingham

Wanda D. DevtrtaUl. Monlgomery Swoon S.I)eP..oLo.MonI~ Victori~ J. F",nklin·Sisson. BiTmirtgham ~wn .....iggins

It..re. Monroeville LyM Robrrt.oln h<bon. QiIJ//oo Men:trilo l.. LudrtIood, Washinglon. DC Oi~ie T. Martino. Mobile Marl~ y, Ntwm.ln,Dolhan Dtbor~h

D. Tynes. Birminghtlm HOIl. Sha.ron C. Yatu. Monlgomny ApsiLoh C. Owens. Hunlsui/It JI.Ilt C. IUgLond. Birmingham Eliz.abtth B. Johnson.MOOI~

SI'EC IAI, LIAISON CO:'I MITIEE WITH

llii50n:

Hon,

Ann E.l'IyIor.Mobile

B. Pueur, F/<m!t1O!

Maibtth J, Porter.IJirmingham

FW.;RAI. TAX CLINIC COMltIlTIEE Siaff Liaison: Edward M. 1'~lIerson. Moolgomer!/269·1515 Membtn;

Bru« P. Ely. Tuw11tx>s<l

H. Hank lIukhiNOn, ilL MonI{lOl'flil!rg Scott E. I..udwia, lfunlSuille J. " ",lIil1m ROSot. Jr .. Birmingham Thonw r. Carth. Mobilt W. Wendell ClOuley. MrmlflOTTl01l Brilon T. Wjllillnu. BirminghDm Annt\\'. Mitchell, Birmingham

C..ald W. Hartle)'. Mon/gomery TIIEALABA.'1A tJMYER

ALABAMA STATE BAR SECTION MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION To join Oot M mo •• sectioru. complttt this form and atbch "",parattcooks

p;l}'able to each _lion}'OU wish to join. ,,~

Office Addret5

Ollie. l .oc~tjoo

Sr<lion

AnnIQlOuts

Law ..... ,........................................ ".... ,' .... ,............... ............. "................. ,$20 Bankroptcy and Commercial Law ...................................................................................... $20 lJusiness Torts and An ti trust Law ...................................................................................... 515 Communications Law ........................................................................................................ $15 Corporate Counsel .................................... ...... .................................................................... $30 Corporation. Banking and Business Law .....................................................••...................$10 Criminal Law ...................................................................................................................... $10 Disabilities Law ..................................................................................................................$20 Environmental Law ............................................................................................................$20 ramily Law ..........................................................................................................................$30 Health law ..........................................................................................................................$15 Labor and Employment Law ............................................if practicing less than 5 yea rs-$10 if practicing 5 or more years-$30 Litigation ............................................................................................................................ $15 Oil. Gas and Ninera! Law ... ...... .............................. .............................................................$15 Professional Economics and Technology Law ..................................................................$25 Real Property. Probate and Trust Law ................................................................................$10 'Jiuation ..............................................................................................................................$15 Workers' Compensation Law ............................................................................................$20 Young 1.aW}'t'TS' ......................................................................................................................0 Admini strath'e

TOTAl. _

Remember: Attach a separate check for each section. ~' aillo:

Sections, Alabama State Ba r, P.O.

THE AJ..I.8AMA l....wn:R

Bo~

671,

~l ontgomery.

AL 3610 1 NOVEMBER 1995 / 347

FDCPA Applies to Litigation Activities b!l William Z. 1-ie5Sff

April 18, 1995, the United States Supreme Court held thai/he Pair Debt Collection Pracllces Act applies 10 lawyers engaged in consumer debt collection liIigation. Resolving a split in the circuits, the [(JurI in Heintz /I. Jenkins, No. 94..:367, 63 U.s,f.. W 4266, unanimously ruled thaI a lawyer u'ho regularly col/ects consumer debts through /iNgation is a "debt collector" subject 10 the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (the FDCPA),1

Ov.rvi.w of the FDCPA Th. FOCPA i. a federal law whkh r<:gulat •• the collection of

TIM EHect 01 Helnu 11'. Jenkin. TIM (<<IS

COnSumer debt. by debt coll.etors. "Debt rollectors" 3rf; indio

Heinl~ arose after a bank', law Orm sued Darlene Jenkins in state court to recowr the balance due on a defaulted car 1000n. As. part of an efforl to settle the cott"lion lawsuit. an attorney with the firm. George Heintz. wrote to Jenkins listing the amount ,he owed undtr the 10/10 agreement. including $4.200 allegedly owed for insurance bought by the bank . Jenkins then brought this FOCPA suit against Heintz and his firm claiming that Heintz's letter violated the FDCPA. Al though the loan agreement permitted the bank to buy in.ura""e to protect the car again,t loss or dltmagt. Jenkins all.ged the $4,100 policy i",ur~d the bank not only again,t loss or damage but at ... again.1 her failure to..-pay the bank', car loo.n. Hence. Jenkin' daimrd that Heintz', .. p.... ntation aoout the amount of her debt was fal ... amounted to an efforl to collect an amount not authoriud by the )OIIn agreement. and thu, violated the F"DCPA. The federal district court di,_ missed the FOCPA lawsuit on the basis that the attorney was e~emrt since the letter was part of the ongoing debt rollection litigation. The Supremt< Court rewOO the dismissal of Jenkins' rOCPA action. holding that it should go forward, Because of the procedural postu ... of the case. lhe Court did not reach the m... it. of Jenkins' claim •.

viduals o. bU5ine.~s who regularly cottect consumer debt.'! ........ro to olhol'$.' The FOCPA generally prohibits debt collectors from engaging in haras.ing or abusive conduct. from using any false or mi.leading rep~ntatioru, or from using any unfair means to collect debts.' A debt collector'. inihal contact with the consumer must conlain a "validation notic.: and all "rommunicahoru made to cottect a debt" must contain a specific statement concerning th e communication.' The FOCPA contains other restriction. on a debt collector', con· tact with the cOnsumer and with third parties.' The act also ,pedfiu in what venue debt collection actions mu.t b. brought.' Violation, of the rOCPA can resull in liability for actual damage,. additional statutory damages of up to SI.OOO. and attorney fees and =t..' Since July 1986. lawyers who regularly collect cOn.umer debt. ha\'. been ,ubject to the FDCPA.' Pursuant to the Supreme Courl', deci.ion in Heinl.! /I. Jenkins. tM facl that an attorney engages solely in litigation to cotteet con.umu debts will oot ,hield lhe attorney from rOCPA =..,rage.' Thus. lawyers in all circumslances must comply with the FOCPA if they ... gularly collect ConSumer debt. for dients. 348 1 NOVEMBER 1995

THE AlABAMA LAV,'YER

11M SuP'."N COurt'. . .t,-,1lw: SuP«' ..... Court iolmd "two norMr stronQ

for btli~ving Ih.o.l Ita Acl app1i~~ to Ih~ litigatinQ acliviliH of law)'.. ~." Firs\. the lanQuagt of the act makes 00 diltinctioo bttwun litigation and olher d~bt collection activities. Second. wlan Congrus ounerKkd the FOCI'A In 1986 10 encompas$ llt(lmtyS. il did not include any Mr~r. 1itiQ;otion·rd.t...! aemptioo to fill Ita void. " Beinu had .rgued th.o.t lhe FOCPA mUllt bt read u contain· ing an impli...! ~xemplion for litigation btcause many of ill rt<iui""",nl> would create anomalous mults if awiied directly to litigating acliviliu. " He .rgued Ih.o..l Ita provi.ion of the I'OCPA ",toich Iorbids II dtbt coIleclor 10 mako: any thnat to take action th.o..t cannot IqIally bt Ween. if applied 10 liligation. would lIulomatiaJly make liable any IIttormy ",'bo b~ If'od l(l:It a debt collection lawsuil The Court nott<l. ho;o...'tWr. that the act pr(ll.idu for" "bona. fide "ror" def.".. so that a debt coIltetor cannot be hold liable if he or ~ by. PffPOl1· de......., of the McIroce th.o..t the vioIalion was not intC1lliorW and mulled from II bona rode error, notwithsbndiflll the mai ... tenance of procNurH rnsonably adapted to avoid any luch error. " 'Tht Court .:oncluded; "Thus. even if we wert 10 auume that the .ugge.ted reading of Stc. 1692e(5) is corrKt. we would not fioo the mult so absurd u to "",rnnt implying an ael1lplion for liligilina I/rwyf..... In any event. the -..mption would _m UIlIlf«SUry, lor we do not _ hI:Iw 1M fxt th.o..t a lawsuit tUrN out ultimaldy to be lJf\5UCCUS(ul coold. by ilKlf. make the bringing of it an ·action thai cannot legally be Ilokeo."" Heintz also argued that the f'OCPA', requirem~nt thai a debt colltdor not communiClOle further wilh II CONUmtr ""ho has notified lhe debt collector that he or she refuses 10 pa.y or wonl> Ihe debt collector 10 ( U K furthtf communiUlion. would preclude an attorney from filing a ~.. uil or /I motion for ,ummary juda:m~nt." Th~ Court dingreed. ,ince the J>DCPA has exceptions allowing communicationl "to notily the ronsum~r that the debt coliecIor or creditor may invok." or "intends to inYOb" " "'j)«med rtlMdy.· .. Tl!ul. while e:lj'I«Uly stating that: "l'"le n«d not /lulhorillotiwly Inttrprtt the Act's conc.luct· "a:uLoting p........ ions now." the Court found thaltM language oflhe act', UctptioN ~ would Illow 10. ordinary court·related documents to bt filed." ~'inally. fleinll argued tha.t the Ollki.al Stt/f Commenllory 0{ the Ft<!oral Trllde Cornmiuion. Ihe aa;ency em~rtd 10 ildmini,tratiwly enforce the FOCPA • • lIltd lhat 1i!ipHon activilits wtre not «Mred by rM act. The Court declined to follow the FTC, noting tha.t 1M COmmenllory Sllotes thaI it "i. not binding on the Commiuion or the public " and more importantly Ih.o.t ~ find nothing eilher in the Act or ~lst· where iooiClOtina: the Cong.ess int~nded 10 .uthoriud 1M fTC tocnate this uceplion from the Act'l «MrJ.ge."1' r&5OOS

Wh.st It .11 11M.... Firsl. the FOCPA aPl'li .. to la~" who regularly en~ in con.umer dtbt collection aclivity. ewn when tlut activity coruoisl> 01 liliption. Second. lIlthough the Suprrmt Coort don not aplicitly decide rM iuuc. IjlpoIormtly pluding. and other court dOCUlMnl$ U~ "communiution," within tht mtaning of 1M I'OCPA. The feason the i$Sue i. not entirely clear is that while the Sup.~rne Court's decision discu"...!

both coort filings and other "communicatioN" G apparenlly «Mud by the FOCPA, 1M actual documwl ",·hich JenkiN claimed ..wiatt<! the Itl was" settlemtnt letter." In any event, the Supreme Court'. ruling has important coruequences for (oIltetion aUomtyS. Firsl, lawytrs rnwt bf: wry urdul not 10 thrnten to tllke lelion. Ihaillft not intmdtd to be Iloken, Of which art not Itgally av:ailable. Fo • .... mpie. ~ must be ClO.nul not 10 th.tatm ft1IO,IUHSion or p.niJhmmt if it "JIIItari th.o.t IMrt il no present right 10 "pO$St$S Or thai the consumtr is not garni.hable." .-urther, while the Supreme Court indiClOted that 100ing a collection lawsuit W.:.ll not a ~ H I'OCPA vioIalion. in ill; discussioo il "Ierred 10 the collection attorney Ultrting an ,,1Ii~liw "bona filk trror" deferue.- II "JIIItars it 1M wry leut thai the colltc\ioo attormy might haw 10 show that proc..duru hlw bten ulablished to re ..onably determine th.1 all amounlS wed 10' hive a legitimale bui •. lOOt...!. in Heinll o. ""'kins the '-OCPA aclion was bu.ed on Jenkim' alltgltion INt rM insunnct wed for ...-as not rKOYt'~ bcQ ..... it «Mred not only .... or damage 10 the ar but """ all(! del'loull insunnce. In that cu.t. H.intz would not h.o.ve been able to dettnnine lhe nature of the insurance without rrviewing the policy. Ilow much invutigatioo would be nocu... ry to .. tabli~h a "bona fide error" dt~ .... 0' olhe .....i~ ~sapt '-OCPA liability is an open questi<.n

Colltction .ttOmtyS may ~so haw 10 be areful in settle· mtnt negotiations not to oversllote their cu.t to Iht tJt~nt thai their SlalemenU btcome "false or mislfoding repruenllo. tions." Since th~ It~ndard 10' delerminina: whether a .epre· stnlation i. mi.loadlng i. whether the " Ieut sophisticllted consumtr" would be misled, ClOulion ii "",.ranled. Prondurlll requirement, also .. ilt lIJ I resull of th~ Supre ..... Coort', intt'll.fIlIlion of the '-OCPA. A5 Pirt of or .... ithin five day> after a debt col1tctor's initial contact wilh lhe CONumer. a debt collector musl stnd a v,lidation ooIi« con· Iloinina: SJltcifi, informalion." If the torrII'llinl i. the ~"i torsi conlxt with the consumer. il ~rs INt the validation oolice would haw 10 be included in lhe complaint lor sent within row dayo IheruftH). To INke thina:s mor~ compliClOI. ed. the vllidalion nolice millt conlloin I $Ilolemenl Ih.o.t the debt cottteto. will obtain v~rification of the debt if notiroed within 30 day> that lhe debt iJ diSp\.lttd. If the ronsumer con·

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[acts the debt coll~tor within the 3O·day period. the debt col. I~tor must ct .... e coll~tion efforts until the information is provided. Thrtt circuit courts have held that a communication containing both a validation notice and demand for immediate payment or a threat to sue in ten days violates the fDCPA.'" Thus. not giving the COnSumer notie< and a 30·day period to respond prior to filing suil may be a per..., FDCPA ,;olation. Further..... n if a 3()-dlly pre'luit period is not required. if a collection lawsuit is filed in district court. whore the con· sumer only has 14 days to file an answer. the failur. to allow the cOn.umer 30 days to dispute the debt may ilulf be an FDCPA violation. A debt collector must "disdose clearly in all communica· tions made to collect. debt 0. to obtain information about a consume •. that the debt collector i. attempting to coll.cl a debt and that any information obtained will be used for that pu,.-pose ...... If indeed court filings are "commu nications: at least arguably this ..ction requi ..s that a collection attorney indu~ the statement in all documents flied with the court. finally. the mfre th.e.lt of an FDCPA lawsuit ari.ing out of. collection attorney', r.p .... ntation of a cli.nt can cau.. diffi· cult confl icts issue. to arise . For example. whe •• an amount is in dispute a coll~tion attorney, in •• alously advocating for his Or h.. di.n\. may be "posing himself 0. herself to a federal lawsuit and FDCPA mon,taryliabHity,

The consequencts of the Sup ",m, Court'. inlerpre(ation of Ihe F[)CPA will only be determined by li(igalion broughl against cOlieclion attorney •. Wisdom dictat .. caution in whal could becom. fertile ground for federal litigation. At the very least. a collection aUomey must carefully 'I<iImine and investi· gate cOnSume. collection account> to ensu.., that .... rything the clienl is asking for i. legitilNle and .eco,..,rablo. Al so, a coll.clion allomey mu.t be car,ful not to make ,lalemen lS which could even arguably be con,trued as misleading. Final · Iy. a coll~tion altorney muSI I>e careful 10 comply with all of the procedural "'Iui",ments of the FDCPA. Prudence may dic· tale that a lawye •• end an iniliallolle. to the consumer with a validation notice. wait 30 days, and if Ihe.e is no relpOn ... file suil, including tilt on.·.. nt.nce debt collection notice in the complainl and in all .ubsequenl court filings. Luming from HeinlZ's e~ampl e. collection allomeys should try to avoid • being involved in appellale cases unde.lhe FDCPA. Endnote. I '~U.S.C is II:IW-I6920 2'5U5C·H ' &92o(5j-(SI 3 .5 U.S.C H 1692d-i • t.u.SC H I_ I r I S,eoovw 5 15U.5C H 1 6IiQb~ 1!92e. e 15u.sc 1,!lQ2,(.~rH21_ 1 15U.SC is II:II0('XIH31 e, ..... L. 119-351 100 StoI. 1M g ..... - - ' I ' _........

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350 I NOVENBER 1995

THE AtABA.'lA tAWYER

OPINIONS OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL By 1. Anthony McLain, general counsel

IUJI I

"I ,,1$11 to thank you for your ~ on Tms· "mam MR.',

day whon I un.d you conee.n;ng a connie! of intern! question. Th. judge. at my rfQuest whom defenK counKI did no! withdnw, hu l$ktd th.>.t I writ.)'OIl to ""e if I could Qtt a formal opinion on this issu. so as to guide our Iltxt stepS. In au you don't remember. I am irwot...ed in 1M aM' btcaUK I am still working PIIrt time In 1M District AllorTlt)"s OffIC< trying ftlony QSts II I am n«dtd and was wglltd 10 try thi, aM' !hi$; "'ttk. -n.e ~ iJ ....tw:~r an allomry may nhk.ally rtpfUCnt a defendant in a murdu cue who is thargtd with killing the brolller 0( a formor criminal client of lhe attomty when Ihllt former cHent wilS the only ~.witness to the incidtnl giving rise to the murder 'hIITgt and will bo 1M kty witnw for 1M S\.iItt md the o.rollK? "

The faeu. as I understand them,

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[bttIo'ttll 1991 & ]9931, prior to tM inc.nl t~ pw';'" 10 this clurg.. Attornty X rtprutnttd II B, in a OUi case in

munidpol rourt in D. Thtu is l diSpUte whether he repuscnt· ed him in an}thing .Ise. but for the sake of this argument I will assume that he did not. At the puliminal)' helOring docket in 1994. ~lr. W told Chief Ai.sislAnt John Dot that the victim ~nd hi, brother .... r. part of l pitiful situation OUld he kMW thnn from hiving ..-pftStIlted A B in tht: past. l ie Jttmtd at thai time 10 be Wnililorwith their situation. H. told Mr. Z thai he might have a conHict and may n«d to with<imoo from tht: cast, but he did oot do it al that time. "'hen 1 began my I'Up;lr~tion for the tri~J of the cast. I came acrou the memo OUld wlltn I called B to comt to my office to be interviewed I ilSked him whether Mr. W had uprlKnted him in the past. lie said that he ho.<!. I told him that anything he told Mr. W in tht: rou~ oIlhat rt'IIf"tSOntation..-iS privilrgcd and not to tell me all)' details 01 that communiation unless he "'OUlted to 1...aM: the privilege, He told me lit did not "'OUlt lowaive the pri,;lege and only told me that there were thing. thai lit told Mr. W in the couru of hi' rcprtlentation that h. did not want to btcome known ouuidt 0/ th. attorney-client pri"'l.ge.

Richard Wilson & Associates Regi stered Professiona l Cou rt Reporters S. l'efry Slf~ Montgome<y, Alabama 36104 8(H

264-6433

"1 do not know....t>at. if 0Ul)'.

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B pve Nr. W in the OOUrM 01 his upn:sm1Q)n ....ttich may amount 10 ~I. mattriil mel have bem GIIrdul not 10 buam tht: prM~ to find out. It is my opinion that 0Ul ilCluai <XIIlIlict aisu and that Mr. W will have 10 be Il'II'IO'ied from the cast if lit \loa not withdnrw voluntarily. Mr. W. "",ition is that"" did not learn OUlythini/ in the course of hi. representation that would hi: suitable for impeachment and that he would absolutely keep all)' confidences he had with Mr. B prMk.11e lurther says t~ he hilS lSSOci.>ted anothtr a....yu, a Mr. F from P, Abb.vna 10 be o;o-cou_1 in thr case and tNt he has kqIt any infonnotion he krI(Ns about Mr. B conftdentill iIS ~nls Mr. F. Although the Motion to Rtmo:ro", _ foIed yesterday. Mr. F hilS I:>«n in the we lor two months. "I have not enclosN the Motion to RemoYt. the supporting affidavit Or brief which was filed in this case. but I can fo ....... rd it to )'Ou if)'Ou like. Th. p.eliminal)' hu.ing Info~tion I JI)Oke of is abo docum.nted in ~ file memo tmt 1 ha.ve nol M1\1. but will if you WOUlI mr 10 do ..... Tho thin, WIt need now is 0Ul Opinion from you disawinQ tht: tthiCliI flImif.calions 01 this situation. Thojudge. as I understand il. would like the fol· lowing questions answtTw: l. Whether Mr. W', tOntinut<l repll'sentation of the Defendant constitutes OUlldual conflict of intell'St considering his for· mer repmentalion 01 A B, J•. , tht: key prowcution wi\nt$$l 2.~ Mr. B be compelled to maR kncr.orn to the court whot part of the communications ",ith Mr. W he considers privileged and ",-hyl 3. lfthis is an actual conflict 01 intemt, ii theu OUly .... y Mr, W ca.n remain in the case repr<senling Ihe Defendanl? 4. Whether Mr. ~-. undtr the flleu of this case. can undtrtake the representation of tho Defendant on hil own ..... ith or without Mr. WI :wiJtanc:e or whethor his inYOlwrmenl in the ClISI: SO far hilS multed in his being taintw by any ethi· cal dutiu Mr. W O"''U to III, Jr.? " I al'l'recillte your attention in this mauer. At this lime. 1 believe the judge is going to .eset the case fo. September. so the sooner .... have your Ins...... the rn/I!\tT.lsicl"

UOS)J1I-9JLl

ANNA LEE GIATTINA AT"fI:)jlN!:y '

MD"'[~O# ALAMIIIA

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NO\"t:MBER 1995135 1

JWDfTIONAJ. FACTS PROVIDED BY A'rTORNEY X "I ,..p,.... nt.d A B on a cllarge 0( driving und.r the inHu· enee 0( alcohol in 0 Municipal Court. Thi,was before the mur· der ch21rge was made agairul 0 S. my current clien!. I newr met fac. to face with A B: all of our discussions were ~r the lelephone. At that pOint in time he ,..,ided in Beach, Florida. "Zealowl)l guarding the confidentiality of his stat."",nts to me I sllall state only in general terms the subjed of OUr cOm· municatioru. I discusud the detail' of the driving·under·the· inOuence offense and he communicated to me his criminal history. "I was compelled to withdraw"" counsel for A II when the case was e>lIed for trial and he failed to appear. I also list.d another r.ason to the court. That ,..ason was my refusal to move for a continuance UpOn ... p.... ntali01t$ from my client! knew to be fal .. (the case was continued two times pre\'ioru;ly). " I h21~ ne~r rep .... nted or advised A B. in any matter otMr than described al>ove. About six month. ago h. had another driving·under·the-inHuenco: case and called my office to rep"" .. nt him. 1 told him I would not take his case and the discus,ion I""t.d less th21n a minute, yielding"" details of anything except the fact he was ch21rged with DUI. "During the chambers hearing Mr. Bob told the judge that because (was familiar with A B crimi",,( history I would bi- in a position to impeach him if he denied under oath parts of that history. I Wa.< astounded at this .tatement. If a district attorney places a witness on the stand and ha.o; in hi. file an NCIC ,h«t showing that history and SIKh witness lies about his crimi",,1

history 1 hope thai that district allorney would inform the court that the witness was ,wearing lal.. ly. 1 hope no district attorney in this state would allow wllat he personal~ Imew to be perjury to go to. court and jury as foct. "At the hearing in chambi-,. I stated on th~ record that my pTe\lious representation 0( A B ~ielded knowledge of only two things; (I) the details <.>I'the OUI and (2) his criminal history. The district "ttome)' has oot alleged I posseM any othfr Imo·..,(edg •. " JWOITIONAL FACTS PROVIDED BV /tIR. F "I am Mr. F and I have entered an apptaran," on behalf of Mr. Q. in the a.OOo.-.! referenced case. Mr. B C. a deputy district attorney for 0 County Alabama. ha.o; requested a formal opinion about A B's continued representation of Mr. F. I would like to address additional facts regarding this matter and correct SOme 0/ the <tatements 01 facts that Mr. r has made in his corre· spOndeoce dated January 28. 1995. "I rl'j>re .. nted Mr. Q in" hearing bi-for. the judge. concerning the 3110rney who continued repre"ntation of him. The attorney ga''t a statement in open court and on the ,..cord: He had. in facl. represented A B in tM past on a OUI charge and had received no confidential in formation of an impeaching nature from him. tfe had informed Mr. Q he had represented Mr. B in the past. ~' r. Q confirmed the attorney's statement. Mr. Q made it clear he wants the attorney to represent him in this ca ... "Approximately two months prior to thi, hearing, tM allor· ney contacted me pertaining to this ca.., We discussed the

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352 1 NDVt:MBE-:R t995

TUE AtABA,'1A LAIWE-:R

possibility 0( trying thili QSt l~tMr. During 1M course 0( our diKUUiOfl5. OIItr 1M nUl two monlhli. it was rvident ] \OM not going 10 be abl( 10 ttY tM QSt. ] ~ I apilal murder QSt pending in L County, which "'<IS IiChWul~ on !M IiIOIm: ~te. ~attom~ did not to (nt(r Isic1 my Nm( in th( case. "It bttame apP/l~nt Monday I would be ~,i!~le to aid in tilt ddenst 01 Mr. Q, after the capital mur<kr cIS<! in L County w.u settled. I conlXt~ Hon. Anthony. He informed 1m: he ~ r«tiffilll motion from 1M OistrKt Attomq'l OffICe, Mr. A. sptCiflcalty lISking thlIt M be rtmO\'ed 1m t.r..')'tr lliklior Mr. Q. On It.>rning this.] inl'ormrd tM attormy I would be g1ad to oerw &I ~(H:ou ....1fur Mr. Q and pr<>e:ttdtd to D. On 1lll' arrival, 1 diliCuSHd my pro bono representation with Mr, Q. He requnt(d I repruent him with the obj(ctive of k«ping his iawytr, A<.\ditionlllly, if the lIlIomcy o;otlld not for $Ofnt rt:..on ~p"'Hnt him. ho ""Iunttd Ihiot [ would ~P"'" Imt him in lho murder ClI$t. "My NoI:itt 0( Appearantt w.u enlered to ~ Court on tho lfIemoon d JanUlltY 21, ]995. A hearing ...'U HI on tho motion to disqualify tho lIlIomey, Thee Court insisted on an in..chambers htarin~ P ..sent W&I myoelf, the ,ttorney, ~tr. F, Mr. Q. the judge, and a court reporter. I moodt ""Iuest~ 111<:1 tho State to malee a proffer, 0( lilt confKlmlial information whkh might dis· clow<.! by the ~tornfy [lie l. beo".~ 0( his npmentation 0( Mr. 8. n.ty _re UIW)Ie to do Ii<). I ...bel to conduct an eDmina· lion 0( Mr. B for the Court to detmnint whether Of not there w.u in fact anything thlot would bt discoverablt Of could bt con· strued to be confidenti,l, which th( ,lIomt)' might use to imp'~h the witne ... The court denied thi. motion. Further. the Court w.u informrd ] would uamino: Mr. B. Thee attorney would not participate in lhe aamiroation 0( Mr, 8. I N"t nt'\.'tr l't'PrtKntfd Mr, D, nor ~ Mr. W divulged an)' info ..... tion which (OO1d bt ... motety thought to bt ronfidm. tia] C(lfIUming Mr. D. "Mr. F makes the autrtion that Attorney X. by knowing somelhing or possibly knowing IiOmethinll, or $ptculativell' knowing IiOmething, there W<luld be a taint to Ih~ attorney which would somtt..:;..,.1\ow to ""'.That is ab$olutety ludicrous. Om I agreed to do the wamiroation 0( A B an)' cla.im that could liM (rom intffKtM ;wisbn« of courutl bufd upon repro. sentalion 0( Mr. B in lilt PII$I. brcarno moot. I N\-e neYtr Tqlft. KIlted A B, and 1 am not I ItgaI partntr with tho altomt)'. It would bt no for ""yother lawyer fl']lresenling Mr, Q to examine Mr. B. Thee allegations of Mr. F ne ab50Iutely lpuriow."

It l I IVSWER, Q(11,'STIOIVO,\ 'I,': • Yts, Mr. D has ~ connict 01 inttrut that disqual· if_him..

ANSWER, QlJESTIOIV 1'14'0: No, Mr. B cannot bt rorTlptll.d to raul pUt aUorn~·~Ii.nt communications in an effort to determint wh~tMr ~I r. D tw I prestn! conflict. AI\'S WER, Q(1ESTION TIIREE: No. if IMre is II connict of intertst. thtn Mr. I) is di"Qualifi~ from tM cast. He COtlld not participate short 0( Cr(lsHx.un'n· inll his former di.nt. TH~: ALABA.~

lAWYER

AI\'SW£ R, QUESTIO... FOI! R: Mr. F can continue on lilt cue WIlts. confidential infonna· tion lIbout Mr. D hal, in focI, been communicated 10 him by Mr. W, He says tNt nothinQ hu betn communicated.

I ' 1ISCllSSION:

Tht ... il ~ prtsUmption tNt during tho course of hi. prior r.presentation of the victim', brothu that Mr. W oblllintd confidentilll inform~lion. "Confidenl~ inforTl'\alion" &I it il used in tho conlut of tho Ruin 0( Proln.sional Conduct is br'Oidtr in Icopt than information .ubject to tM IUormy.client f\identi&tY privilege. It utends to all information about a dient acquired by the lawyer during the course of the representation. Rule 1.9 (b) pm:lur.IeJ tM ad"lrse disclosure oIlI fonnt r client's confidmI~ information. Thtret'on, Mr. W cannot disclose an)' infoI" mation aboul Mr. B if lit lumrd of it from Mr, B or during tilt prior rtpresrnllltion. Mr, W ltatts all M knows about Mr. B is his criminal hi,tO<)' (al tho time 0( the DUn, and facts about that offense. If it is lihly that theft' W<luld ~ ~ diliClQl;urt of this information. that is enough. n,., rul. i. not violated only whon ~ lawyer actually wtI confidential information to former clitnt'. dilildvantagt:. "~r Ihffl: is I rul ris.k 0( disclosure, tho .. should be a dUclosure disqualification. In lilt Idti", 0( ~ trilol. an an bt inidvtrtmt &1_11 as intentioN!. Theere is 00 question that bting impu.chW or having }'Our credibili\}' attacked is iI diJa<lloant~ use of information, as r..r as Mr. B isconcemed. Mr. W twa duty to providt his pment client with an effective criminal dd• ....,. ftOWt"lr, he may bt limiled in his ability to CIUHlQffiint "" eyewilnna. Thtrtin lits IlfUI' alI'IfIict. and Mr. W must "i~ as ddtnst counstI. Mr. B should not bt compt lttd to m~h ~ny diKIOIiur~ ~rdillj/ ~ommunicationl with hil lawyer in tht prior Qst, Legally, he cannot bt compelled, but he is in a difficult situation, Professor Wolfr~m points this out. "1'4 diliCU$std t~rlitr, if a cHont was required 10 offtr tvi· dtnct on the conttnt, of confidtntial communications in order to N"t tht climt'li formtr iawytr disqUlllir.ed, tht confidentiality of tht iniofll'lllt,oo would bt lost in tho "ttY proc:_ of attempting to prott(t it. That point hu been apprtdat~ both by courts. in tilt Ik"llopmtnt of the common law rults t"'l dilQUlIlify la""Y!'rs btaUK of a form.r client connie\. and by tnt framers of the ]983 Model Rul ... " Wolfram. Modem lAga/ Etliio, Section 7.4.3, p. J69 (1986~. Theere is 1'10 limitfd WIly thit MI. W an remain in the cast if Ilt i. subject to disqualirlcation. II" rtmainder in the cast. in an1 fuhion, would only continue tho ris.k tNt there would bt an uroauthoriud diliClOIure 0( his formtr dient'l confidences. Mr, I' II C<HOUnstl with ~'r. O. If M _re a mtmbtr of MI. W, 1_ firm. he, too. Wl)Uld bt disqualified because the ... is a presumption of shared conr.denctsamonS firm members. That presumption does not uiSl with rtsptct to CO<OUnstlllrr.lJ1gt_nu bttwHn bI.')'trs from 1q>Or:01t In order for Mr. f 10 be dilqualifitd, lhere must be proof that he Iw xquired ac\UlII koowItdgt 0( confKlmtilll inioonatioo from Mr. W. Mr. I' an rmuin in tilt c.ue subjfct 10 lhat, II. stattlitNt nothing tw betn related to him. In view 0( a:t)thing to rtbut that. he can continue to represent the murder defen~nt. • •

""""'rot

r.nnt.

NOVt:~\B~;R

1995/353

LEGISLATIVE WRAP-UP By ROBERT L. McCURLEY; JR. Uniform Commercial Cod • . R.'·....,d Articles 3 and. (Negotiable l",trument> and Bank Depo$jts and Collections). M\ No. 95-m. SJlQfi$Orrd by Senator Slev. Windom and Representati"" MiX. Hill.

See March 1995A1abama lAwyer. Uniform Commerci31 COOt. Revised Artide 8 did not JIiW the i.egi'latu .... , but

"il] be reintroduced in the neJIt Regular SeWonwhich will begin February6. 1996.

was chaired by PatriCK II. Craves, Jr. of Huntsville. The adviso ry comm ittee members were, Honorable Jo .. ph A. Colquill C,..goty S. ClUimaoo Judi<' Sarah M. Cremhaw JudgeArthur J. Hanes Broo~ G. Holmes A. Richard Igoo

Unin<orpor.>ltd Nonprofot Assad.lions

Act. Act No. 95-527. SpOOSored b}> Se",,· tor Doug Ghee and Representatiw Mark Caine •. and ""Me<! by the U>gislatur •.

See Nowember lW4 Alabama Um!g<!r. IMiremen! lIenerots as I'roptrt)· Settlement. 'n Uivor« . Act No. 95· 549. Sl'Onsored by Senator rat Li ndsey and

Representative Tony Petelos. See May 1995Alabam(1 Lawllf't'.

•

H...... I of the Cunlor Law. Act No. 95-751. Sponsortd by Senator Tom But-

ler and representatives Marcel BIOKk and Tommy Cart ... No longer ,-,n curator-

ships be opened . Existing curatorships which are not conwrted into coruervatorJll ips will automatically ~ome con.ervatorshi.,. on Januar}' I. 1!i97 to the «tent allO'ww under the cUITent court ord~r for each particular case AI~b~m~ Ruin of Ci"il I'rocedure. The supreme court approved a rellision of the Alabama Rules of Ci,;1 Procedure which became effecti"" October I. 1995. A copy of the changes can be found in the advance sheet of the Southern Reporter 654 So. 2d No. 4, datw July 6. 1995. AI~b~m~ Rule. of t:vldenc• . These rule. wHl become effective Janu3'l' I. 1996 and be found in Solithem Reporter Advance Sheets 656 So. 2d No.3.

Rule. 01 .:vidence, Th e Alabama Supreme Court requ""ted the Alabaffi/l Law Institute to undertake a study rt'Vi.· ing the Alabama Rules of Evidence. A committee of lawyers and judges was appOint ed by the court and the study began September 19S8. The commilln 354 / NOVEMBER 1995

Ralph I. K"",,·les. Jr. L. Tennent ~e.1l1 Howard Allen Mandell William H. Mill s G. lXlaine Mountain Uruu J, McKee f'rank B. McRight Richard f . Ogle Abner R. Powell. III Ernestine S. Sapp Clarenu M. Small. Jr. Judge C. Ly",,'OOd Sm ith , Jr. G. Griffin Sikes, Jr. William N. Clark. "", officio Profe,sor Charle. W. Gamble $\'Ned as repOrt.. of this committn. Th. committee was charged wit h proposing Rul.s of Evidence for the

court to promulgate. The Fideral Rules of Eviden« W<Te lI.\.ed as the committe., model. A Con.ensus dellelOped that the Fedtral Rules wou ld be adopted unless thert. wert. good reuoru to deviate from them. Accordingly. some of the$\' rule. differ .ignif,cantly from the coTTesjlOr<!· ing Fideral Rules. The diffmoce lUualil' ~ultw in either modifying the Fideral Rule or replacing it all together with a pre·e. isting Alabama common law prirocipte. However. the committee agreed to model the work on Pr[,;leges aft. r a COTnbilllltion of tile Unifonn Rules of Evidence and the pre·uisting Alabama Privi lege statut....iroce the origilllli pl'll\lOStd Federal Rules 011 Privileges had been rejected. In n>O$t instances theK Rules continue the hi,tori. Alabama Law of Evi_ dence, either identically or with . Ii ght modification Or upansion. Some Rules. ho" ...""r, do abrogate pre-uisting Alabama law. Wher. chang_ occurs it ge...,r_ ally is to implement the overall pOlicy of promoting general greater admissibility. Th<'$e Rules ffi/lrk a shift from a system of exclusion to one of admissibility. The Institute is indebted to members of the committee for their untiring devotion and dil igence. Special appreciation goes to rat Cr1'M:S w1>o led the committe. through the year! of debate. The study was first begun under Chief Justi« Torbert and recti,oed continued supporting erocooragement from Chief Justice F.. C. flomsby and the ass.ociate jlUtices of the supreme court. Special thanks are .xtended to Boh Esda le, clerk of the Alabama Supreme Court. w1>o acted as liaison between the court and the com· mittu. am! to George Earl Sm ith for his tditorial work in the final version. The committe., draft of the proposed Rules was first published in a special edi · tion of So, 2d. Ad"ance Sheets dated ~I ay 13. 1993. Following that publication. the ,upr."", court toruidered those propos. als and also comments from interested persons concerning til<: proposed Rules. The court', advisor}' committe. ,ubmillW a revi ..d .. t of Rules of Evidence Which again was publi shed in a specia l

edition to the So. 2d. Advance Sheds on August 18. 1994. The court once ag;>in considered the proposed Rulf!, as ~i ~d. along with comment> from interested persons, and has adopted the Alabama Rules of Evidence to be effective Janua!), I. 1996. W. """ fortuM!,!o have Charlel; W. Camble. Hen!), UJ!.'On Sims Professor of Law at Ihe University of Alabama School of Law and former dean of the law school. as chid draftsman and r~porter of the project. Dnn Camble's background and ",pertis. as leacher and writer in the field of evidence was invaluable. He. along with other memo be .. of Ihe advisory committee. has

"_L rt_w, McC ..

J •.

_L~.Jo

""'_01"

-~ ~OI -~ _ rt<m"", " ...._ ,,-"""

....

-...

agrttd to present CQIllinuing legal NUcalion program. Ihroughoul the Slale prior 10 Ihe effective date of these Rules. Alabama L.lw InstiMe\nnual Meeting At the annual meeting oflhe Alabama Law Institute the following persons were ~I.cted officers and members of the Execulive Commiuee for 1995: Pftsidenl: James ~1. Campbell Vk._Pftsktenl: Yella G. Samford, Jr. Socn:tary & Director. Robert L. McCurlt')'. Jr. Executh't Committ..: Richard S. Manit')' George Maynard Wendell Mitchell Demetrius Newton Oakley W. Melton. Jr. Steve Windom For further information. CQIllact Bob Alabama Law Institute. P.O. Bo. 1425. Tuscaloosa. Alabama 35486. or call (205) 348-7411. FAX 1205) 348· ~kCurley.

8411.

AUTOMOTIVE RELATED LITIGATION? Automotive Consultant and Expert Witness C"arle.~

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•

NI'W I'UITI{)N ALABAMA LAW OFFICE PRACTI CE DESKBOOK, SEVENTH EDI TION 1995 by

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t.o\I\'\'ERS EIIUCATlOI'lAL Pos, Orf",. Box 12S7 T...",I"", •. AL 35486

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Included .I$O.n: ChOpler' on Oil and

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NOVEMBER 1995 / 355

OPPORTUNITIES The following in·state programs havr bern opprtwed fur r:redit bg the Alafxtma Mondoto'1l CLE Commission. lIowerJn'. infomlution is oVili/obie frw of charge on oeer 4,500 approved progroms nationwide identified bl/location dote or specialty tlreo. Contact the MCLE Commiuion omCl ot (334) 269-1515,

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Institute for CLX Cost: $]59

(800] 888-7454 356 ' NOV~:MUER

1995

10 Fridlo" TORT \,,\ W

Bi nningham, ~ted ica l ~'orum Building Alallarno fur instit ute for ClE Credits: 6.0 Cost: $1 &5 (800) 627·&514 ADVANCW JURYSHECTIOS:

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1.. 17 PWERAI. TA.X CLl NIC Tuscaloosa Abbarno fur Institute for CLX {8OO)627.6$1 4

11 Fridlo" JURY SEI.£CTIOS Binningham, Civic: Center Abbaml Bu Institute for CLX CrediU: 6.0 Coil: $1 65 (BOO)627-6514 RE PRESI:;t.'TI:-IC ALARA.\lA 8 US INESS.:S Binningham Cumbe rland Institute for CU'; C•• dits: 6.0 Cost: $159 (BOO) 888·7454 110 WTO CET R.:S UlTS/ COLLECTIOS 0 1' OELlSQUE~'" DEBTS Binninglwn. Holiday Inn Redmont N.ilionilllusinwlnstilule Credits: 6.0 Cost: 5149 (8IS}83S-8525 2S WIMIne....)'

11 Th...-..dlo" BAN KR UI'TCY LAW Binningham. \\lynfrty Hottl AJab/irno I»r Institute for Cl E Credits: 6.0 Cost; $165 (800)627·&514 OI L. GAS ASO M IS ER,\ L LAW

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,I,bbimIo

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Tit" A~ J.AII'IT.R

DECEMBER 1 Frlct., AI>VA.\ 'C!':O ASI'ECTS OF' MATRIMONIAI. I.AW Birmingham, Tulwilu HoI~1 Amtrie&n Aadomy of Matrimonw ~rs. Abbunlo Ct.ipt~. C.«Iits: 6.0 eo.c: $] 40 (205)323-]888 IAII' OF EMI'LOYMUlT DISCRIMINATION Binningham Cumberbnd Institute for CIL C.«Iits: 6.0 CosI: $159 (800) 888·7454 ItECE~T DEVI-:LOI'ME~TS

fOlt TIlE

CM l LITIGATOR Mobilt Cumberland InJlitute fnr CIL C.ed its: 6.0 Cost: $159 18(0) 8S8·74s.t ESTATE PLA\':.II NG Birmingham. Pickwick Centu AI~!rI/I Bar Institute for CU'; C.edits: 6.0 Cost: $165 18(0) 627·6514

.W. . . .scIa' NI-:II' AlABAMA It ULES Of' EVIDENCE Birmingham, Civic Centu AlwIN s..r Institute for Ci.E Crfdits: U Cost: $]SS (800) 627-6514 J'ERSO:.lAt lNJURY Birmingham wrmln Busintu Ctnlt •• Inc. Crfdits: 6.0 C<I6t: SI45 1715) 833-J9.W

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Adam·,

1.ITIGATI1\G Tm: C!.ASS AcrlON lAWSU IT BIrmingham Cumbtriand l"'titut~ for ClE Crtdits: 6.0 Cost: SI59 (800)888-7454 18 ........' JURY SELECT ION Birminglwn. Mediul FOI'Um Building Alabama &. lJUtitutf /or CU: C",t: $165 Cr«lits: 6.0 (800) 627-6514

TORT lAW Birmingham. MNiuI forum Buildilijj AI~IN & r Institute for Ci.E C. N it..: 6.0 C",I: S1&S (800) 627·6514

t,T_scla, TO ItTIAW I~) ~.UwSchool

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21 ·22 CI.t:6YT HE II OUR Birmingham Cumberland Institut. for Ci.E Credits: 12.0 (800) 888-74501

NO\'EMBER 1995 1357

I To Explain Why You Wou dn't Understand Xothin~

in life is more exhilaratin~ as to be shot at without result. - n i llstotl Churchill

r-:I L:I

arty

Saturd~y morning. YOIl ore

flnuhing br.~kfa.st and are about to SUIt up lOT tile d<iy. l'ulting 00 )'Ou r hamns boo!! and tucking them ur>Ckr ltather Pilnt legs and pulling on tht bbck lather wtoty" )ad<tt ow. I

",",ulshirl

~mbluonf<l

w,lh "LIVE TO

limE; RtO£ TO LJ\T." Xr06S the frool you kiss YOU' w,fe and tiptoe past the kids'room. Out in the autumn morning. dawn I\Id j ...t brokf.n and the air is ,"'ar and rooI.

358 1 NOVl-:MHER 1995

You .tand for a moment in Ihe ga~, contemplating Ibe II.e~ black Soltta;! CuSIOm as though it were. piece of Kulplure. Tht gluming chrome "big twin" 134(1c(: <"lIine and pipe:.. polUMd bbck ftnlkl'$ and g&$ \.lok, and tht soft MId $llflIlk leather _t a~ the ultimote of form ....., (unction. II is IS ~rtoptT· lection as any machine can be, and it is Ar'rltrian midt. ~II ~most. HitlinQ the ,Urle. tlUllon, IN.! distinc l iV1t $(lund , ,,,,, ,, ,,,.,

thunder fHb Ih. neigh!)orhoo,,L You kiCK it into gu, and you're off. leaving

lhe busIed dull. office pOlitics. court theatrics. telephone antics. ptUy victor rie • . life ,and.death duls, and nUT miloSU in tIw: walct 01 a 70 mph J'OW'I" momrn\. Voo'" in hoghuvtn.

Harlry-OaYidJon MoIon:yclt ~ has btaomt (WIt of tIw: two gmttst fiNn.

cial turnarounds in America. (The othor is KinderCare in Monlmore aware of the risk aswdated with motorcyd ... After all , g<>mery, A1abama.J II is the symbol of the "$t, fall and re5UrrtC· thertc is no warning label atta<:hed to the bike alerting the u",r (ion of Amerio:.an indU$trW ingenuity. Born in a slTIIIll Milwauk« to n 'ery po$$ible contingency. Still. there are lawyt'r'$ who are garage in 1903. Harley became the icon 0( heavyweight motorcy. so enamored with their "hog,' that caution has been replaced de proouctiOIL Harley survived the invasion from Japan and was with what fTI()l;t would call a mid·life crisis. I set out to deter· born again in 1985: by the 1990:1. il became whallTlllY be the best mine if mid·lif. crisi. was the rrason for \hi. apparent aberra· manufacturing CQlTlpan)' in America. Hy 1973. Harley controlled tion in I""~r behavior. 75 perunt 0( the ITIIIrkeL Harley dropped to 25 Why the fascination? One of my sons percent of the market by 1980 as a tells me 'yuppies" are the only people result 0( the (HHlought by who ride Harleys, becau,e it's cool. Well, the Japan • .., and it, own How did it slart? I'm not sure about that. but I have a failure to prodoxe a quality f«ling that it is more than being cool. My time has come and gone product. Beside., we all know that only liell"5 And the years keep rushing on The proof is in the prodAngels and the Sons of Cod ride But, I know what's on my mind. uct lia, ley ITIIInulacture.20 HarJeys---- don't ",.,1 model. t hat ,ange from a So. I conlact.d ,everal lawye .. I'm afraid ils all been a waste of lime base price of S4.995 to and on a Sunday morning I ",uitAnd autumn leaves have got me thinking $17,500 lor the Ultra Classic ed up: Into my garage I ",enl About my time, where my Chevy Blazer was ready Electra Glide. What is even You Iwe from day to day to go. I arr ived at Ti n~, re,tau, mOre astonishing i. the fact You dream about tomorrow that the "after-marht" prict rant about 7:00 a.m .. just in time And the hours go by like minules, bring. the Ultra Classic Eledra to exp.,rience the arrival of Ih. group. I call it an e~perience Glide tab to about S25,OOO. And the shado~ come to stay Ihrley manufactures approxibecause the thundering noi", level So, yoo do a little something mately 100.000 bik.. a )/tar, and if was truly .omethingl On hand to make them go away. you want one you nero to queue were Myron Smith, a 49-y.ar-old I could have done so many things up for about two )l"ar'$. from Prattville: Hill Dunn. a 61 . If I coold only stop my mind Go into a Harley retail er and year-old from Wetumpka: John you wil l see a who le market From wondering what I left behind Ke lly John,on, a 47-~ar·ol d from ,cherne , ranging from jackets Roc~fo,d: Randall Houston, a 41· And from worrying about this wasted time. and chap. to co logne and year-old from Clanton: and Tommy Yoo can get on with your search chocolate •. During an interMancuso, a 51-year-old from Mont · And I can get on with mine vi ..... with Tim P.ek, the man_ gomery. And maybe someday we will find ager 01 Riders lIorlell in ~Iyron has been riding liarle~'s .;nce That it wasn't really wasted time, Trussville. it became apparent he wa, 14 years old. He hu n ine liarleys and e ~temi,-e knowledge about that the liarl.,.. Craze is in full all bil<e., in particular, lia , ley•. He swing. His store i. awash with .everal hundred ilem, with rebuilds liarleys and has a firm grasp On the Hartey logo. A, a re,ult of the the fascination with them. During our conve,sation he opined that lawyt'TS ITIIInllg. the demand for new Hariey" Harley merchand ising has become the risks of thei, client. from day to day and rid · primary SOUrc. of income. ing gi\-es the lawyer the oppOrtunity to manIn additioo. the Harley w'orld. ~ hi. own ri.ks , The risks associated with wide testing facility is located at riding accentuale the sen", and you mu.t the Talladega Motor Speedway. be in tune with everything that is going Catching -Harley fever" i. around you. At the same time. you are o"l!r· whelmed with the seme of, not freedom , but something of an anathema for la-.o;'.... One would ""pect that we would be TilE ALA/lAMA J.AIWER

NOv}: MBER 1995/ 359

that rou how ~ a pUt of 1M IUlT(lUndinlf. You IIt1 thor impraoion spact and time how mgulff<l )'011 and )'011 ;tppt.ar to be t1oo.ling. FrwSom was ~ word ustd a lot durini the ton>'frsation; in fact. tht con>'frsation nwoIued around the word "frttdom." All of lhe lawyor> talked about 1M frtWom ridi.,.l/&>'f thorn but I _ 1M struck by thor "i00i(" in thorir <)'Q and 1M tnlluw..sm with which they JPOke. AI. thr ti""" I ~'f<1 h o w _ took! itt to =ilf<l about riding a l-brley. Mid ·lift crisis would be tho ,imple up~Nltion for this fasci· natlon.1I is nottht cut. but style i>-l.o an extent. A Harley is the most cwtomizf<l bikt in tht world and r IwIe ntwr Ottn \Wo~iu. tw:w.~, style only I/OH SO ro, when Iryinll to awr.cu.t. owning and ridil\lli l brley. Wt COIllinued to discuss thi' tUcinalion. Nothing is hul"litd. E>'fry time you get rudy to ridt it ~ a ritual. Tum on the sas now. Unlock the ""itch. MoYe lho enrichment >Witch to th. ",tart" position. Mak. 'Urt that tho ita' Ihifll""" 15 in th. "n.ut... l." All ~ don. in anticipation of the toUnd. Your Slreu Itv!I is low btciUM' )'011 must rmkt luff thaI t;w:h and e>'ery thing is done properly. Ridinll requiru the ulmost 01 oonttntrlltioo. Ono misukt ridina iulL)'OIJ get.

~ _ IIo • • I ....... _110 _ _ • _ _.. ......

_ r ._•• ............. _,....... 11'_....... ",.. H ......... ...

----.. _

.. ..-.... _

.... _

........... 1.0_; ..... _ _ , . . """"""_

360 / NOVEMBER 1995

~f·inch """,nch. You (OInt upon ..... r;a] tilkrs and ride along for a whil.: lhen they 110 t!w:ir I,,"l' and rou 110 )'OUr·,. It ni'll!'r falll that whtn you W)P. someont will look at your Harley and you can S« the "look" in their face. They infOrmed """ that there art rider' clubs around th. ,bot. that include allltv!ls 01 socidy. from blue collar wort<t .. 10 profwionals. and ,~il\ll all age QrOUps. Thort ~ one and only ont topic of COIWOnlltion- Ha,ley. All .. about ~n hour 1 rulind that I was not golni 10 tit. x.1( to put this fasci ..... tion on paper. We finished ou r con>'frsalion and they prepared to l,al1O. n.ey startN lMir biu, Mld mart<! off. [was Left stand· ina in the p.>rking lot, Ihinking that I was mi$.li"ll somethinQ in my lift. [turned Mld thrre was my Chtvy bt.m:r, rtady and waiting. Somehow, it was not tilt same. Maybe a T·lhiJt I recently saw sums it up the OOt: " If I haI't to uplain why, YQU wouldn't understand" was prinl.d acTOM ill front. Whik riding on J Springe. Softtail to Birmi~ the other day.lI van passed mot. Thr mill ridi"ll on tilt ~r side of thr car turned to look lit mot It lilt same limot I ...-as mai<ing .ure that tilt van w... not going to 1."111 in front of me, rnd 1 IlIW it in hi, eyu. ThlIt look was the "me look that I had .... 0 in tilt ~s of the lawyors that day. At that moment. J understood what Myron, Tommy. Bill, John Kelly, and Randall >l'trt trying to Uplain 10 me that Sunday morning.

•

..... EPA·.

...,..._e-.- ..... _._ .. ~

Out on 1M rood other licltrs >lOp )'011 and ask to borrow a

1110

Editor' Note: I ulmd m<mlllit<mks 10 Mvron Smith, Tomm/l Manroso, Bill

/Jullll. John Kelll/ '/olm5Ot1. and RandllllllouJIOIl. and Tim Ptelt of Ri<kn Har/tll ill Birminghllm for lheir help in tlu! prqKmJlion of /hu artic~. Also. maI1l1lhrmb flO lo/llmlt l'auglm 1rom New Ycri fa, his lIrlick (lrI /hlrlq D'1{.'idsor/.

ASSUME THE ROCKET IS A COM PANY AND SO MEON E I NCOR R ECT LY CAL IBR A T ED THE GUIDANCE S YS T EM. WHAT WAS TH AT YOU SA ID ABOUT NOT NEED I NG A CPA?

W"hou •• h. kno ... l.d£. " uk .. ' " plo • • " .. dy fin .n, ,,1 '''un •. • ny '''''"p.ny , . n I" ..

'"~

.... ,. No "'''' ..

ho ... I"g'''''' N" n.. "" ho .... n,,11 " ... A CPA .. n 'p". h,d d.n opp""u" .. ". for r<du<I"g ""... F.nd .... y• • 0 . .' . .

"p,,,l. S,,"" pou"".1 "'''''' ."d '''lu,"",o" und,d ..... N"dl .. , ." .. , .... "h .h .. k,nd

or finon.,,1 •• um.n .... !obl.

'0 you .• hould,,', • CPA b••,,""' ,h". b.. ,d. you .. ,h. ,,,",, ..101 You ... numb.n. II'.... opp .. nunu ....

(CPA) TilE cP .... NIIVER UNDIIJ,EST I M ... TE TIlII V ...

~UE .

BAR BRIEFS • \I'.bur G. Sllbmlla~ 0( lilt 8im>' ingham firm or Gordon. Silberman. I'."lggins " Cllildl was appoinlrd a mm!. lit. oIlhtc booord of USOC;ll. rdit" .. of Commcrrill Law Lu,,,,, 01 Amtrica. Silberman ;5 cert ified I, a blUin,~ bIInkruplCY specialist by tht Cll~ Academy of Commtrcialand Ba nkruptcy Law SI>tdalistl. Silberman ;1 a 194 1 admitlee 101M Alabama State Bar.

ib 1995 Pro Bono Publico Awards. rfC· ognizing uctpti(lnl\ commitments to pn:Mding kgIol HMca to poOr "moo•. at a lundwon twld Augu.t 7 in thieagG. Among thou honor~d wu David Schoen. of Mootgomer)' .• ..01. practi_ t ioner who bring. civil right. can. involving prilom. jllils. foster car • . poli« practi«$. and tl«tion law. He i. a 1986admlltH 10 the .tate bar.

• The American Bl.nmplcy Bo.ard of Certlt'lcatl,," lfInoonced that ,~ ... P. \lll1ilml. 1110 of the firm 01 Cordon.

• New officers of the Gnlter Dinn_ In.ham Crim in al Dtftn n Lawycn

Silbtrman. " 'lgains &: Childs, Ms IOC«"fully completed 1M '«Iuiremenu for ""Iionll «.ti(julion in businus bankruptcy law. Williaml il. 1984 to tilt ltale biro

~miU«

• The Runell Counly BI. A..oci._

lion', offICers (Of lhe 1995-96lorm aTe: f ••• idonl: Charles E. Floyd. III

Coo"".

Vict-president: Connie S.Crftary.Trouu rer. Rkhard L Ch.an~ • The Amerlnn Bar Au oda lio n IIonoffiI four b~1'$ and one firm .... ith

AllodaUotI /or 1995·96"n, Presidenl: \' I1'nll A. \l nson Presidtnt-tltct: John A. unti ... EuoiIM V'o«·pruidml: lit n""o. J. Comll1)' S«ntary: Thomu J. Spina Treasurer. J. Mlury Relr• . Jr.

Albert C. B_n now H"'elas immepast praident.

di~te

Also. the foliowing members have bun appointed to Ih. association', bo;ord of dir«tors' RlJph L Annl tron, Rkhard S. brr.

Clyde t:_JotIU C. Tom"", N~I

• R. Mich>. 1 Leonard. who practica "i!h WOfTIbk Ca.1y\f: 5.vwJridge &: ~ in Winston -Sale m , North Carolina. was recently appointed by North Caroli ... G0vernor Jim Hunt to the board oftrustttS of tht North CaroII ... NatuQl llfriQ,ge Trust fund. The eiQht_ITII'mber bo;ord decides wttich natul'lll arus will be JlUl'ChaoW as parle and "ik!1i(e Iandi "ith appropriations from the trult fund. Leo .... rd alw "'aJI r'eC'mlly rwppointeil to the National AlII... IOIY Council 01 the San F~ TT\lIt ror PubI;c Land. tit in 1978dnit_ 1ft to the AIibama SCatt liar. • The Bl dlmlplcy and Commorcial La .. Sedlon of the Alabllmi State Bar Reentl)' adopttd a rewlution honoring 1'd;rtd Unittd Sillies BankruptC';' J...sge George S_ Wright of Tuscaloosa. Judge WriQht il ~ 1956 graodoole of the University of Alabama School of I,/Iw , He was appointed to HM a.\ a U,S. Bankruptcy Judi< in the Norttwm Oi5triCl of Alabama on N~r I. 1961. ¥III rttirtd De«mbn 31. 19901 after 33 yoW:I ol snvioc. • Tht AI.lIb.imi Lawyers Association officfrs for 1995·96. "They an as 101'-' President: ,''''nllt "-II. Suon Praident-tltct: TOri Adaml-Burb Vict-praidtnl: Frtd Cny. J r. S«rttary: Dally lIolder Assistant S«1'dary. Launic. sm, TreaJIurtr: C_ndolyn Carner ParlialTll'nUiriln: \1<:lor Sptncor NOA Uai$On: Ernu tin. Sapp North~m Oistrict R.presenUlti"", Cheryl BooM LaShmil 8",,", Middle Oistrid R~rurntalivcs: LatHrlh Mulwud LaVolI. Lyat. B",,", Soulhorn OUtrid Rtprewnllltn-e5: Shel1tonnio CoIoman_IIall M.....n ",,,,inl lAw Studtnl R~rtHntatiw: Shlju.n.o !l udfOn Immediate Past Pruidtnl: C.rrilyn V. Cn"t • r~c.ntl)' fl~ctfd

LANDTECH86 Real Estate Settlement System For liIS<'I' or lvIttlri:r Prin/n-$ • I-IU D 1 A uto m aticCalcuiations

• Checks & Escrow Accounting • W ord Processor · Spell Oleck Policies & Commitments Deeds & Mortgages • Data Base Reporting

• On s ite T raining Available

• 10995 Reporting $1,495.00

LANDTECH OATA CO RP O RATION

- - ----

(800) 937·2938

300 Cuaranty Bulklirls • 120 South OIi.' • ... v....... • W",I ralm 110....:", R.33401

362 1 NOVnm ER 1995

Program Accessibility Requirements Under the Americans With Disabilities Act

f the various issun arising under the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"),

employment discrimination has garnered the lion'. share of attention. [lowever. litles II and III of the Aet effected 5\I-' •• p;ng changu in the obl igations of public entiti.s ""d private bu,inessu to disabled citizens. These portion. of the Acl requirt physical access as well as • ~ual opportunity to utilize public and private $trvi, •• and prograrru. allowing:

disabled citizens to participate as fu lly as pouible in the civic. commercial and recreationallif. of our society.

This article provides a general overview of Titl. II, which imposts nondiscrimination requirements on public enl ilie.. Title !II impo~ barrie. removal and other accessibility requirementson place.< of public accomodatiOll and commercial facilities. In instances inwl~ing

Itase5. joint ventures Or other ,..,Iationships iJ.et,,""«n government entities and public accommodations. Iht

THE ALABAMA [.o\WYER

practical result of the relation,hip will usually Ix that the facility has to comply with the highest s!';lndard represented by both titles. E~en each enti ty inwl,·ed is liable on ly for il. failurt to imure compliance wilh Ihe portion of the law that appli .. to it. Attorneys advi.ing dients in this area should note tW<J indispensable guides in complying with theM titl • ., Ih~ Technical Assistance Manuals for each lille . ;rnd Ihe Interpreti"" Guidance accompa· nying the regulations implemenling the Sialule. All of Ihese are promulgaled by thelXpartment of Justice.' Title II of the ADA COVtTS "public enti· Ii ..··. which are state and loca l go,·.. n· mtnts <Jr subdivisions thereof. agencies or instrumentalities of state and local governments. some tramit authorities. and AMTRAK. The definition indudes departments. agencies. and special pur· pose districts of slate and local gowm . men!S. Public entiti.s are not covered by litle Ill.

'0.

Generally speaking. publi c rntitie. are prohibited by title II from discriminating .gainSI disabled r>"rwns, .ither by denying equal acce .. to or participation in government programs and services. or by affording inferior opportuniti('$ for part icipation and benefil to disabled individuals. In shorthand. tht ADA requiru "program acce.. ibilily" of public entiliu. Corollarie. to this general requirement are that a public entity may not; (I) prm·i de signifIcant .... i'lane< 10 an organi.ation that discriminates On the basis of disability in providing gowrnment services and Ixneflls; (2) accomplish the prohibiled discrim·

ination indirectly Ihrough a con· tract or licel1>inQ ag,..,ement; nor (3) administ~r I ie,mins or cutifica·

lion programs in sueh a way as to result in discrimination againsl qualified persom with disabilities.'

l>1depmdlm/ Housing &n·ice5 u. FillNOVEMBER 19951363

mono Qmll!r illustrat~' how public tnti· ties ohotlld monitor their nbtiom.hips in onItr to avoid potential OOIations of the "signifiunt I"istllnce" lind "con tract" prohibilions statui in tIwc rtguLi· lioN.. ~,lIledtnl district court held th&t /I public Iltrv;y's wlIIInce of bonds 10 filWl« raicltntial and other portions of;tll urbul I'CntWlOl program might vi<>Lite titlt II. rM ~n F.ancisco Urban R~lop ment AQtncy had contracted with the owntr/devtlOpe", of the Fillmore Center projecllo "provide aid, benefits or ser· victl to beneficiaries Df the Agency's redevtlop~nl prOllram." Ruli"ll on tIwc Redevel opmenl Agency's motion fD. s.ummary judQmtnl. tIwc court held that lince tIwc lDw-incomt housi"ll built with tIwc bond funds _ irwocctsSibk ID di." ~Itd ptrsom, tilt ~ncy's bond 1i1WloC· inQ of Ihe project could constitule diKrimll'\,)tion ouo-d by ADA.'

PhyaSeal .... c ... to .It •• While public enlilies art oot affirma· lively required to relnO''e burie", limit-

inQ the physical atCtsJli disabltd per· acctSS 10 facilitiu and si lts when IJOvtmm~nl programs and servicu life made "'lIil· able is otMousIy /I ~r ,..rt Ii tIwc progum accessibility obli,lItion. For ilUtlnce.ln order to ha"" .. public hear· ing Or mntin8 in /I city building, Ihe portion 0( the building itself which i. ust<! fOf the metting, and the mttli"ll room in "",rticulu. mu.t be ac<."ible to walleer ;tIld wh«khii r users. If there art ways 10 make program. a<conible olher than making physiul chanQ" to buildings. e ,Q.. changing m«tinQ pille", lhose methods may be utilind inJitad. The regulation. and Intupreli'.'e Guidance .ugaul sf>'eral other mtMlS of prtMding lCCaSibility to public progl'llm$. including: I. Rc<klign of equipmenl; Z. RUS$ignmtnt of servius to accc:osible building.;

sons to 1111 public .trudur...

l.Auignment of /lid" 10 beneficii· riu: 4. Home visiu:

CADSOU111 Computer Animation and Design SeNices

Accur:ttc, In SClIIc J·DModcls

S!:JIC of the :l.fl

cnmputtr gr:Jpl",,:,~ l .1d ,ide....

CADSOUTH SERVICES I NC. 529 OakJ ine Dr. Birmingh am , AI~ 35226 OIJir< (205) 823·8 103 fu.,' (205 ) 823 · 81 7 1 364 ' NOVEMBER 1995

5.Otlivery of servicu ~t alt~rnate. acctuible lites; 6. Construction of ntW facilities: and 7.UK of att«5ible rolling stock Or other~.· N()\~ tiwol this lisl is not inter>ded 10 beuclus ..... As a prltlical matter. nearly ~very building owned or lu:std for public prog~ PUrpOseS by a public mlit)' must be whttkhiir accuJibl~ and have accessible pa rki ng. Rest rooms. watn fountains, Ielephones. and any other ~men;ties provided for the use of the ~ntraJ public in the aru utilized for public programs 01 services must also be lCCaSibtt..'

...... 11..". alet. .nd Hnric:_ Beyond physical acce •• 10 Ihe site, public tntiti« also Iw.'e Ihe obl;g..tion to make allllSp«u of their programs accouible. Once pltysial acceu to the program i. ICcompliJhed. the major concern I'eLitin, to program atCmibili· ty is usullily communic .. t'on. Thus. in t erp ret ers or ani. tive list e ning deYicts. Braille material •. rude .. , audiotaped or vi deotaped presentations, or other ~uxiliary aid.! or urvicts may be rtquired to provide equal parti""'. lion in and benefit from huring.. public mttlin'l. recreational (acilities and other public progl'llml.' Disabled irwlividuits mu.t be given the opportunity to rtqutSt the aids Of se1Yices that thf)' wish to use. and tiwot requesl must be given primary consider· ition.' H~r, if the public m tity an s how thllt another equally effective IIIQrlS of communication exisu. or that use of the means requesttd WOIlld rtsult in a fundomen!al alteration of the program Or undue nnancial Or adm inistration burdens. it may use aoother aid or servict which is efftctiw: rather lhan lhe ont spec:ifoed by the disabltd citiun.' For aample. citiuns hlIvI: tIwc righl to view public ~ mIIintaintd by public entities. In order for diuOlfd citizms 10 tqllollly bmtfit from thr right to rtvitw such public documents. /I q..wififd tud· e •• rudi"ll deUce or other iCOOIrIInOdo· tion ~ be O«UJi\ry. Qualirltd rude"" magnifyi"ll''-s. Of Bl'lIille mIIteN!> win ofttn be rtquirtd in order to afford equal acceu to tx.aminalions adminis· tertd by public entities.' Also. communi· ty educa t ion or public information

r ilE ALABAMA lAWYER

programs I~.g., fiu Nlftty prOllflms, DARE, mlUtum tou,,) must be .... de aVlilable in allrmlti,"t. Kcts-sible formilts wch O$lud~ Of ,;dtotape... The Interpreti". Guidance provides that tilt cost of a qualified interpreter", courtroom sorvicn is not taxablr :os a court cosl. Howe"er. in at l ..sl one ~, I f.-defll district cou rt Iw rul.-d INot I iKaril\ll di~led P«1OO·s f"ilurt to rtquesttNot 1M state domt$tic rourt "ppoint an inltrpreter for her hearing, choosing in.tead to obtain an inte rprele r on her own. blltted her from claiming that the courfs inclusion of the int~ rprder's bill in o;Gtlrt costs ...... I.Jted the ADA. " E~illinll policies, pflctices. proce· dures and administ rl t iv. methods which have either the POrpoH or effeel of di!criminat ing on thehasis of di",bil· ity must be altered s.o as to eliminate the dispaflte impact." OOe" such poIi. .;in and prxticQ art not intended to be diKriminlllory. but are Ihe result of longstanding CUSIOmJ Ind attitudes which J.imply do not Wee into account the sptcific ob.IlIdu flced by p!:r..,ns with diw,iliti ... For example. a public entity may have established the practice of ~uiring i driver's lieerut as identifi· aotion to obtain I buildinll permit o r business licenH. This durly Iw the errect of s.crttn ing out .... ny di",bled persons who annot oblllin a .l3te dri· ver'slktn«. and is prohibittd. Neutral criteria which tend to SCrten out disabled persons till be UKd if 11«. QN.ry to insure the Nlety of eithor tho public or the dioabl.d individual. r or insIlInce. proof of I I~I of sw;mmillll proficiency may be required of all par_ ticipants in a rKrntionll raftinll expedition ,ponsored by a public entity. " EliQibility standuds based on safely considerations may not be impostd to the ddriment of dioabltd ci ti1eru on Iccoun t of llereotypes. usumptions about disabled persons· .kills..-d ilbili. tin, or !peeulali on. The .ppropriate analysi. of such requi rements is. should the standard be abandoned Or modified. whether ill' actual risk would be cr.~t.d. F_d- IMllt••• tt....tiOf'l. Modificat ions tNot would funcbmen_ tally all .... tho nature of the service. progrim Or activity at iSlue need not be made." As it is undefimd In the Techni_

Ti lE ALABA."IA LAWYER

cal Anistlnee Manual . Interprtliw Cuidintt or regulations. 'iuodammW alteration" is one of thoit terms ....'ait· ing judicial int.rpret"tion. r or now. it may be inferred tht I fundame ntal altefllion i. one that would significantly imp;"ir Of destroy the eenlnl pu..-poose of tilt program. service or activity. Neither must the public enlity Jmke modifia· lions tNoI would 'Hult in undue hard,hip on the ope.ation of the prognm. "Undue hardship" il"signifiant difficul_ ty or ex~n$t relative to the OI"'rntion of a poblic entity·, program."" The determination that an ",commodation constitutes an undue hardlhip Or would work a funcbmtnlll' Iltemion must be .... de by the head of the public entity Iwhich may. drpending upon the pro· irlm. be a city Or state depart ment head} or hislher de,ign«. The deci,ion must be KCOmpanir-d by I wriUen Jtate· ment of the rusons lor the conclusion. E"en where a propoHd or requested Keommod.ition would rnull in undue hanbhip or fundamtnul llte",tion. the public entity has an obligation to determine whdher..,me other accommoda· tion which would no1 produce the

hanbhip or alt.",tion would afford distq\llli KeaJ to and bentrli from the program or Mrvice."

~ ptflOllJ

L!c.,..lng .n-d c.rtfflc.tlon The ADA spe<:ifically forbids practices that effectively. though not intenl~l· Iy, discriminate lIgIinst the dl$abltd in the adminlstralion of aamina· tions. and other programs IUendMlt or prtreQuisite to licensing and certifia· tion. Public mtitiH may not: Admini,ter licensing Or certification programs in such a .... nntf as to subject qualified pefSON w;th diloallilitiu to discrimination on INot has,., nor Eslablilh lic.nlinll or certification ffilUirfmm~ that subject qualified indi o vidwols with di",bilities 10 discrimina· tion based on the diNbiHty. " Il owe"o r. the program. or activiti.. carried on by mtities who art Jictnsed or certified by tho publie mtity an not. in themsolvu, roYf red by tho regulation. Th .... whil • .,.mlic entitles In: obligoted to INkt sun: tNot their licensing aamjnations and lIdministfltive proctdurtJ do not Krten out Qualifotd disal!ltd individ_ uals, they are ""t obligattd to monitor

f;(IU.-.

One o( Alabama's oldest Court Reporting Com panies

FtaJuri"g: Discovery ZX NalionwKle Reporting Condc,,$Cd Deposi tions ASCII Disks Videa Tape Rccording AM ICUS

252-6205 24 l1our Birmin g ham Number

J-800-638-391 7 • FAX: 252-6392 " " " _ ()Moo

11..0 1'".... A\abIoIO. 9.-k 9.m.:tit1.

Binninpam. Al-'"

00p0M_ s.!1.

14U A_III C_ M_ r Buil4io, l~203

NOVt:MB~:R

1995/ 365

the progrllms lind activitiu of the licennd enli t its." They nood not mplire. ;U II condition fA liansure. that II privlIte businw be ICCwible.1t A -q~lir.ed ~11oOfI with II diW/ility",;as tho knn rebl"'! 10 licmsi"ll and artifiation. is _ who can mtd tho"esstnlilll eligibility requirements" fOT Ihe liuOK or ~rtjfocation. Whrlher eliglbil. ity ~irerntflU Ire """,,"nlial" is II ~ by ·cut anllysis. according 10 Ihe Technical Assi$lanc. Manual. ~ most helpful illu llration in the ~""emm.nt rtf.rences is th&l of drive r·, licemt requirements: "A public .ntity mllY utllblis h requinmenU. such u vision r.quin· menu. Illil would "",dude some individuilis with disabilities, if tho$. rojuiremtnl$ art .~nliallor the saf. o".m,tion fAll whidt. 8ul. the public ~Iity may only I<Iopt "~ntial- uquirerntflu for saf. opt ....

lion of 1I moto r vehicl •. Denying II 1i«nM 10 all indMd ..... t. who hove missing limbs. for tumpl •. would be discrimiNlory if lin individulJ who could opt'lIt. /I whicl. saidy without ust of tho miui"lllimb WfN: dfnitd 111u..... II public entity. ~r. could impOSt awroprill. mhictioru 15 II condition to obUining /I liccrut, weh ... uquiring an individUil who il uNltle to \1St foot coni rob 10 ule hand conlroi5 when operaling II vthicl ...... Obviou$ly. Ihe -,,$OIIlial .Iigibi hly r.quirtmenl" could become troublesome. particululy in the are<o of licensing persons r.spoNible for public Wtly or Maltl> a.e. Th. Int.rpreti .... GuidanCe indiults 111<01 the definilion of -mentililundions <Jill job" ullt;wJ in lilk I will any owr 10 title Irs regulations ~rdj!lJl llumina: and ~rtifia tion prouNo•. Thus. for e""mple, in drltrmininQ ...-helhe r II drive .. s licmsot

requiremenl lor II p;>rticular type of CfT· tifiation would tQnstitutt iUegal di.· crimilllltion under Ihe ADA, il would first be ntcUIolOry 10 drI.nni ..... whothtr the ;ability 10 drive an /lulomobile is an usmtial function of the llunsed VOQ. lion Or actMl)'.

HI,tortcaJ

""~II.rt_

Hislorial pruelValion programs preItnl Jpedlll problems. u slructur~1 altu~tionl 10 /I bui1~in8 or Jil~ which would pn:widt lect " for disabled ind;vidUils may Impinge upon Ihe hislo.i· c~1 ehulettr or inle gri ly of Ihe property. Alte...tions 10 h~torial prop.rti., (thou eliQible for Ihe NatioNI Reailler of ll~toric I'bcts or dosignat. ed 15 hittoric under .\;01. or local law) n.Hd not be made if doing SO would: \I) thruten or d"lroy the historic significance of tho building or silt. or some IIlrt lhertof: or

• CUR-

• TIMELY INFORMATION' PRACTICE

•

RENT ISSUES. BACK TO THE BEACH' RYS<ll

• REAL

CONDUCT CHECK' ·'01 T' LIFE/REAL ANSWERS THE INTERNET

ASI'AC:E • BENCH & BAR STATE OF LSC • ADR UPDATE' SB

OCIIURES

••• Coming in December 1995 366 1NOVE MBER 1995

THE ALABAMA u\WITR

(2) resu lt in ~ fundamental alteration in the nature of the historic preser· ""tion program, Or undue filWlclal and administr<ltiw burdens," In that t'Vent. altemati,,, standar<b: Sft forth in the statute may be utiliud in order to afford disabled persons with at lust minimal program acctss, These allematiws, which are bO$ically partial exemption> from the gene ral rule of access, include using audio-visual mate· rials to depict pam of the property that cannot be made a«essibte: ~igning per· 5OI1S 0$ guides for disabled persons into Or through the inaccessible portions: and "adopting other inoovaliw methods.· Ii

St....ts end "-dwe~s Any public enlity with responsibility O>'er streets, roads or walkways should haw already provided curb ramps wher· evu a pedestrian walkway crones a stree\. Priority in romping is to be giwn to areas .. ",ing government offices and facilities, tr<lnsportation facilities, places of public accommodation , employee workplaces. and then othor areas. Also, public entities ,""ould prO>'ide an "adequate number' of ae<;e5sible park· ing spaces in the existing parking areas over which il has jurisdiction. "An ade· quate number" is not defined. Admlnlst •• tI"e requl ......nt. Information aI:>out the existence and location of accessible ..,rviees. activities and facilities must be made available bl' public entities to the public. In this ..,gard, coruideration must be g"",n as to format, SO that such crucial information is readily available to those ,,;th hearing and sight impairments , Inacce.. ibte entrances to public facilities muSI bear signs directing disabled persons to another entrance which is acassible, or ta. location where they can obtain infor· mation about accessible facilities , The international symbol for accn sibility,

must be u..d at accessible enlrances." Signage requirements also apply to Ihe location of telephone. equipped with telecommunication devices for the deaf." Title H also requires the public entity

THt: AU8AMA LAWYt:R

to devise a scheme of $Olf. evaluation, including the d.. ignation of. puson responsible for complaints and d~IOp· menl of a complaint procWure. All pub· lic entiti" were suppostd to conduct a ..,II-.. .... Iuation of their ..,rvice>. policies and practices. Or the effects thueof, that did not or may not have met the requirements of title H. The evaluation Should haw been conducted bl' January 26. 1993. Howewr. entities which had alrudy done such a self· evaluation under §504 of the Rehabilitation Act "",re not required to repeat the evalua· tion for the same areas that ""re ..... Iu· ated at that time." Those pub li c entiti., (including departments) with ovu 50 emplo)'e,s must keep the .. If.evaluation on file for thr.e ~n .. , along with the following related information: (I) A list of the interested per",ns COn· suited: (2)A d..cription of arUs examined and the problems identified: and (3) A description of any modifications

that wue made'" Public enti t ies with more than 50 employees are also requirw to appoint one Or more employee(s) to be responsible for coordination of title II obliga. tion., and to adopt and publish a grievance procedure in order to allow for complaint resolution without going to a federal agency. The name, omc e addre!.S and telephone number of each such designated emp loyee must be made available to any interested person. Any complaints of noncompliance with Title II mu51 be addrused through a complaint procedure. which the public entity mu,t adopt and publish. The reg· ulations do not indicate lhat the griev· ance procedure must be a full-blown adwrsarial hearing, but they do require "prompt and '<luitable" resolution of a complaint."' If the H II.evaluation rev ..], that structural changes to facilities will ha,-e to be made in order to al\.;lin program accessibility. public entiti" with SO or more employtt. are required to dt\'elop a transition plan. The plan. which was due to be completed by July 26, 1992, should ..,t forth what will be n«ossary to accomplish the structural changes." The plan should indude a schedule for providing th e n",usal)' curb cuts for

the whe.lchair ramps discussed above." Persons aggrieved by a perceiw<l "iolation of Title II may file a complainl with the appropriate government agency. E.naustion of available adminis· tratiw remedies through the filing of a complaint with the public entity would 001 be required before going to one of the federal agencies.'" However, as encouragement to solw disputes at the I~I nearest the problem. the Inte'1"e' ti"" Cuidance .... ures that delays in fil· ing with a federal agency engemiered bl' avail ing oneself of the remedi es avail· able under a local grievanct procedure may be considered good cause for an exten.ion of the time to fil. with a red· er<ll agenC)'. which i. 180 days from th. date of the alleged discrimination."

T.leco ......... nlc.llan Pro"I.lons Public entities must haw telecommu. nication d"';ce. for the deaf (TOD 's) Or "equally effective telecommunication syStems- in order to communicate with individuals who havtc impaired hearing or speech. Entitie. who already have relay ..,rvice•. in which a relay operator

MAP

MOBILE HOME SERVICE

Expert witness, twenty years experience in the mobile home irdustry. Rve years experience as a consultant concerning mobile home litigation. licensed and State certiffed, On site inspecbons, analysis of mobile home condition, References, resume and fee schedule available upon requ est. For all mobile home needs contact: Bill Hoppe P.O. Box 154 Jackson's Gap, AL 36861 (205) 825..so27 (Home) 825--9210 (Office) NOVt:MB£R 1995 f 367

Delinquent Notice Licensing/Special Membership Dues 1995-96 All Alabama Attorneys: The dual invoice lor licenses or special memberships was mailed In mid-September and was to be paid between October 1 and October 31, If you have rIOt purchased an occupational license or paid special membership dues, you are now delinquentl

In Active Private Practice: Any attorney who engages in the active private practice of law in Alabama is required to

purchase an occupalionallicense. The practice of law is defined in Section 34-3-6, Code of Alabama, 1975. as amended. (Act *92-600 was passed by the Alabama Legislature and amended Section 40-12-49, Code of Alabama, 1975, effective October 1, 1992.)

Occupational License: $287.50 (includes automatic 15 percent 'ate penalty)

Not In Active Private Practice: An attorney nol engaged in the active private praclice of law in Alabama may pay the special membership fee to be a member in good standing. Judges, attorneys general, United States attorneys, district attorneys. elc.. who are exempt from licensing by virtue

01 a position held, qualify lor special membership. (Sections 34-3-17 & 18, Code o( Alabama. 1975, as amended) Special Membership Duea: $125 (penalty not applicable)

Direct any questions to:

Christie Tarantino Freeman, membership services director, at 1-800-354-8154 (in-state

WATS) or (334) 289-1515 immediately!

368 / NOVEMBER 1995

THE ALABAMA LAWVER

using both a standard lelephone ~nd a TDD I)'pl'$ a voice message to the TDO us.r, and con~T$e ly sends TDD mUng., to Ihe standard telephone user, m~y conlinue to use thi. servic e in order 10 fulfill the requirement of this section,'" In the cue of ermrgency services (911 numbers). diroct acc~ must be provided for individ""l. who ux TOD', and lor those woo use computer modem>. The type of relay service described above W<;Iuld "0/ lulfill the requirement that emergency ,",vices provide direct access. No particular technology is man_ dated b)' the regulations; public .nliti.. are ,..,quir«! to use whatever techoology is appropriale unMr the circum>tances to enable them 10 promptly ,"cei"" and re'pond to calls from TDD and computer modem call ..... '" Clearly. the overall intenl of till. II i. equal ace.$.! and benefit to public pro· gram. in Ihe mo.t integrat.d .etting possible, not a 'sepa r~le but equal" world for disabled citizens. It almo.t goes without saying - but il is dearly .tated in the regulations - that public enliti.. canll(}t impose burdens on dis· abled peopl e thaI aT< nol placed upon others. For in.tance. disabled periOns canool be rtquir«! to ha~ an attendant with them when visiting a museum or other facil ity." Simi larly. a public enlity cannot extracl an additional surcharge Or other COSI On disabled UXTS in order to defray the cost of providing accom modations.'"

Conclu.lon Since virtually all of the deadlines for title II compliance ha~ passed. public entiti.. that ha~ unruolved a.ccusibi)ity problem> should W<;Irk QUickly to addr£$$ them. Even if full complianc. cannot be achi.-ved, a good faith effort at compli · ance wilt be most valuable in lhe event of

litigation. Perhaps more importanl. the value of such an effort to the disabled • community will be immeasurable.

Endnol •• Tho Equal EmpIoymom ()pporturWry ComoYiS$ion pt<)rT"OJgoted II-.. regutoticre, "'lOt· p,ell.. GUIda nce a n ~ T,chnic,1 ..... i". nc. Manual lOt In. ornpl<>ymenl p«M1IiOtIs """"''''''' in rdle I 0111-.. M)A. 2. TII'- II , I.Q p'oM>11O ~isc"mlnaIiPn In ~I>&M<I on~ . _.

rdle I 0100 oppIieo 10 """'" public _ .

aM lhe empIOymenl ,,,,,_II unOer Title II are I"""tical 10 T~'" I tOt ..,IIllas &urI)GCt to II-.. II..... For pUblic enti_ ltIat

,.cap, tn. a ppllc ollon 01 Til le I. tn, omp\Qymenl 01 Section 50< of (he ReM~ili t .'IOtI Atl '1'1'1"1 28 C.F.R

p,.,.rs;on.

53:5. t 40, 3,

~><IOpoIr""".

HO<Mrg

s..noc.. •. - .

c..o ....,2 A.D c.... '674, .Il85I N D. c..

'993). 4 28 C.F.R. §35.'&l(b), See <IIso r .... y, City 0' M.Mouon. 3 A D Cues 289. 298 (O.Kan. 'WoI), 5, Titl. II T.chnlCII A .. llline. Ma nual ("lAMO) §S, ' OOO

6,lnle,p, . ""

Guidanc, to 28 C F R

53:5.'60, TAM §1'000, 7. 28 C E R, §35.'6O(bX2), 8. TAM 17·1100. 9 TAM 537200.

IO.SH Interp'.I1"" Guidon"" §35,30.

11 . ln(erp ' .II •• Guidlnce to 28 C. F. R.

§35 13Q!); _ . Lc:u'sIaM. 2 A.O. caSot I (WD, ll.' 992) ' 2 28 C.F.R. 53:5, '3O(b ~ 31; r AM 53 51 00 .3. lnte rp,. " • • GUIdone. to 28 C.F, R. 53:5.'3O(bX8) •• TAM, %3.6100 and 5. 100. '5. TAM §-4.3200.

'6. TAM §.5.'000 . 17 TAM §3.12lX1 '8.28 C.F.R. 53:5, ' 30 '9 r .... y, City o f _nan at 299 20 TAM §3.1200. 2. Interp'.l i• • Gu,dlnc. to 28 C F,R §35.1&1(bX2), ~.Id,

23.28 C.F.R. §35 153( b~ 24 Interpreli ., GUIdone. to 28 C F R §35,'83, 25 28 C.F.R. §3:5 105. 21,;.28 CF.R. 53:5, 1000C), 27 28C,F.R §3:5.10r 28.28 C.F.R. §3:5. l&1(d ). 2Ii 28 C.F.R. §35. l &1(d~Z) 3O.ln,.rplOll •• Guidance to 28 C F,R §35" 70,

32 28 C,F.R, §35.16' 33 28 C.F.R. §35 .162 ond IntOtprl!i"" GUIdance lIwelO, 34 Int.rprel.. , Guidance to 28 C F R

l<I

28 C.F.R

§35.'3O(bX81,

35 28 CF.R, §3:5. 13O(1),

Look:irl.g For

• Fraud .Lost Profits * Business Value *Litigalion$uppon * Financial lnvesligation

We can h e lpl C all the foren s ic a ccountants and fraud exami n e r s .

THE ALABAMA LAWYER

1530 IvnSoutMiarbert Plaza Birmingham, Alabama

20S-716-7000 NOVEMBER 1995 1369

~'I IM.1oor ~r. (oII'Xl!;ng 111£ mQming sessioll UN!lcome btl Alabama 5101l&1r Pr~id<mt Jolm (Juom.$ (right).

• E.r;oKutimi Dirtdor Keilh Norman

• u..ke Cok!I. chair 01 tIM COmmiIl'-'" on AcreIS to /.69<1/ SenoKa. to/iii oboull~ $UCl'f$S of 1M Voo'",,'W' /.atrIIi'I'S Program .

Judi~· rJjr«tor 0I1M. .4labam<I CDlttr for ()is.

•

""" RewlulioR. di.f<:W5<!S 1M. uS<! 01 ADRinlMltale.

370 I KOVEMIlIiK 1995

Tm: AUdlA.'1A lJIWYER

• AUentke' enthllSiastic ~ tQ tIN! wnrerenCi! irlclutkd "Gie<! this program"" 'A " ; "we/I oo~';

"concise"; ""d "a ~,...,t program!"

(~I"",J

• Gerold ""ulk. third from left. gui(/e5 a di~lISSiQ" grouP summa.Y of r«\lm· mendati(1J\5.

• Jerry wQOd. chair af,he Task Farer on Membership Services. sen>es Wi racilital(IT {(IT the bw;i/roUtsession on thot topiC.

TH E ~BAMA LAWYER

NOVEMlltR 1995 / 31 1

The Alaba .... Stilt Bar ln iunnce PnIgnom. Committee is dtdic.tttd to _iog that 1M bar's eodorsed insurance program offen qual ity btndits, oornptlitive pricing ond Iong·term stabil. ity. The bar's Disability Incorm i'rotection Pian is underwritten by Commercial life Inuranu Com~ny, ~ UNU M company, and is administertd by IfUuran<e Speoialist •• Inc. of Atlan~, Georgia. The eomrnertioJ Life Disability Ir>e:oIl"Ie Pbn "lIS origi· NJly mdoned by the AIWmo Stote Bar in ]942, n t~ is rrxIoned by OI'fr IS stale bars. as well is numtnlUS other pnr ~ wociMioN ~iomIly. The pIMl is availaible 10 All mm.~m'''~'' undtr ago 60, and it otrm signifiant bmd"rts and Iwu~ in tilt following kty uus: • Si!llj)lif.ed lII"Idff'writing; • SignifiCillI member rale di5OOUnl>; • An m:elltnt definilion of disability. • Coverage am(lI.mts ~vailable up to $10,OOO~ month: • A variety of btnefitl"'riodo, such as fivt·j'Qr. to age 65. and lifetime: • A <hoke of waiting I"'rio<.b: • RuidUl.I benefits: • No integralion wilh Sociil Security or other imunn<t: • GUl.ra.nleed issue offerings lor MW mombon: and • Cost-of· livirll! benefit In illddilion. Commm:ial Life and Insunna SpKialists. Inc. offer memben ~n opt~ Businas o..:rllud E~nH Ois· obiHty Pbn. lnsurllnce Sperlalistl. Inc. ptrfo""" all administration, .... r· kding, policyholdn services. claims and Wu activities rtbt. N to thue plilN.

1)0 I really need disability insu rance? """en considering the need for disabili ty income p. O!tction. k«p in mind the following statistics: • At age .0, the p.obability of btcoming disabled is three ti"," higher than the probability of death; • Ikfo.e normal .etirtrmnt. on. in tvtry Kvtn people ""ill bttome disabled for at lust f"", j'QD; • About.8 ptrcent of all mortgage fom:losuru ani! UURd by disobiHty, whiif: only three ptrcent art caused by duth.

How prepaml al'\' you to replace your income in the e-.'eflt of a disabling injury of illness? How ....ill you pay your bills if you suffer a heart attack or requin: lengthy hospitalization or rehabilitation after an accident? Many bUJinus owners. whi le insu ring their equipment agIIinst cuualty 1000s. fail to think of themselves as busint$$

372 1 N Ovt; MII~:R 1995

_ts .....hen in /ao::t they art probably the most critic.tl ingredi. ent in the o.,tration of their businesa. If)'OlJ own a ""sint5s or pl"Klic(. imagi~ lta'Jing tomorrow on ~ J;~· mon lh vacationwou ld you havt the calli"t rut~ to continue drawing . salary? Would you Itill bI. in bus;ntloS wMn)'OlJ .etum? A prolong.d absence due to disability would havt much tilt s.ame effect. Although Social Stcurily provides a disability benefit. the rtquiremmll are stringmt for roIl«ling bmtfi\.l. A disability income ;.... uranee policy em pTll'o'ide that pn.>I«tion. Whkh policy

is right for me?

In w.tI .....1in8 a disability insunonce policy with rHp«t to )'OUr individ ...... neaIs. consider thtsot import.ant points: • lIow long could you wail before r«eiving be~filS~ If you havt substantia! ...,,;ngs 01" would be mlitlfil to vxation or lick luvt benefill. you can redUCt your ~rtmium by taking ~ waiting pmod. • How long wHi you need to r«eivt bl.ner,lI? Insu rance com· p,anin off~r a variety of benefit ptriods. Lt. p,a~ment. for tow ~un. fivt ~ears. to aSt 65. and t~n fo •• lifetime. ikauu the insu.ance company i. uposed to leu risk. a .hort.. btnefit period mans ~ ~r prtmium. • What ani! tilt proo;isions lor p,ar1ial 01" miduaI disability bmo· fits? Somt poIicieI insurt only lor total disability and periods 01 axnpltlt ~Iity with cornrnensurably klwtr pre. miums). while othm pay btntfill for varying cIegncs 01 dis· ~6ty n rtduced uming ailility. The I1"OOrt restrictM tilt definition 01 disability. tilt hardtr it is to qualift for bmelill. • Wh~t typeS of disability does the plan provide fo ri Somt policies address a wide , ... riety of disability and injury see· ....rio!. with such fQtures :as accident eJ<I)tfIR bmofits; be~· fill for fracture>: prtlumed total diUbility for lou 01 limb, speech, light Or hearing: rehabili tation btntfill: cost·oI·liv· ing benefits; and survivor benefill.

Business overhead expense insurance Even though i business (JWI1tr ltIIly havt insured for the ~ i ptriod of disabiljt~ is li ktly to deprnli profits. But offi~ unt. ut ilities. fquipment IfastS. tmplO)'ft saluies ..... yroll lun, ;and bt~fjts must still be paid. Bus iness CWl: rhead upenH imuranet is dtli",ed to «I'>'ItT 1M costs of Optl"lllina: i busirow while the owner is disAbled by an acddtfll or sidcnesl. and the premiums p,aid for wc:h poIic:ies an gt1Il"T1Illy t.u-4eductib!e. Specified details aboullhe bar's tndorRd Oiubility lr>e:oll"le Prottction and optional BusintloS o..:rhtad Elqltnst Oisability ~lanJ are availablt by calling Insu ranct Sptd.lislI. Inc. in Allanta .1 (404 1814·0232 or loll ·flft ~1 (8001241·7753. •

of his OT her own income.

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376 1 NOvt:Mnr.R 1995

It's Back To The Beach In '96 ALA.AMA STAT I BAR

July 24-26, 1996 Perdido Beoch Resort Orange Beach, Alabama

You won't want to miss ___ WALT BACHMAN. Minnesota Irlallawyer arld author 01 Law II. Life: What Lawyers Are

AfrSld To Say About The Legal ProfeSSion, on "The LegalizatIOn 01 AmerICa ' The ProIessioo EVlII)'OfI8loves To Hate",

A lorrnet' Rhodes Scholar, past bar associatJ()tl preSident. and member 01 the ABA's Standing Commlnee on Ethics and Professional ResponSibility, Bactvnan is a Valel'an prachtlOllef WIth 25 years' 01 e~perience"in the trenches " Sweeping and fundamental changes in the legal practice in America - and In the nation's atlltudes toward law and legal system - affect you and your clients. At the 1996 ALABAMA STATE BAR Annual Meeting, Bachman will shed new light on whet life Is really like in the professlOll - the unique stresses lawyers face, the increasing demands 01 the legal merkelplace. a lawyer's ethical duty of advocacy. some blunt truths about clients, and the deep tenslOl1s between the tawver's profession and pefsonallives. He will address the tt1lr'lgS you need 10 know in order 10 practice law successfully and sanely in lale 20th century America. WALT BACHMAN is only one 01 the outstanding speakers you will hear althe t996 AlABAMA STATE BAR Annual Meeting -

the one meeting you won1 want to miss this yeast

NOVEMBER 1995 / 377

YOUNG LAWYERS' SECTION By Alfred F. Smith, Jr.

10 1

do not undtrs~d all tho: fuss Waul the IOltmet, the Inrorm~ lion Il ighway, Window, 95, Or tht Pentium chip. I Tutly ust compulers . II l,u,lrat .. me for Jant rluley 10 ask viewers to stnd th tir tommtnu to "Dateline at NBC.com. • WI\IIl dots thlot Im;an?

Yu, I conf.5$ 10 ~inll I computu iIIi ttrate. laptop challenged uehno-

as much on "word of mouth- of how tilinlll worked la$t yu.. in order to mHe them II SUC<:HI again thi' yu.r. Anothtr upect of improving optra· tioru is rooted in ~a lU/ltinQ aM updating the Section's bylaws. I hive asked ~nJH Pt'1UJOfl of Huntsville to chair a sub<ommittu for this purpow. You rN)' TK.lII that KI.......I yu.n ICO Robert Bau,h . among O\Mrs. was involved in

dummy. 1 comt by Lhis honestly. My greal ·grandf~thtr was never quite comfortable in ;an lutomobil•. My grandf._ Ihu dotl not lik. airplanes. lind my Catllt. has not ICC4:pltd ctUulu phones. N~rlh.ltu. and wilh this Pl'digru working against mo. u.. Young !.awyo:n' Section has tmb...ked on the mundane. and OI"II'IItinQ p~du r ...

Rob. rt Hed go of MQ.bil. wgan the proctu list yur when he ""'a5 t!USUrer of tht US by. /or the lirst Ii"",. utili._ i", • ooftw<tn program 10 IIf:ntnit tho Section's financial st.lottmtnll and balance ,hetts. Thi. ~y Hem like a small

A",," F. Smllh. Jr.

feat. but for a rommitlee accustomed to doing the work by hand. il""015 II major step Io.....·ard. By tho: end of tltis yu.r "'" npttl to have in pbct /I deuiled Eueutiw Com· millee mllnuill tllII inc1udn 111 the info"""tion and forms nra .... ry to run nch of Our p,ojects. such II tht Ba . Admis.sions Ceremony. the Youth Judici;>l l'roII .... m. the M;r,o.ity Participation Conleunce. tho: Sandostin Seminar. and the Pede.1I1 Emergency Mlnaiement Act rHponse turns. This emphasis on housekeeping is important. no! only for current rMmlxrs of Ih. YLS Extcutive Commi ttee. but also for future young lawyers who wish to become im'<llved. By irutitulionaJizing the process neeH· SIIry to run the Stdion's ptOil'lmS. ...... h()pl to enable young Iawyi: " to haw mnningful involvement without the Ind time typically required to 101m what the St<:tion dots lind how it don it. In oth.. wo.ds, Wt will not Ix .el;·ing

drifting new byillwi fo r the Sect ion. ThoH b}Ibws"",u ne>'tr fo"",,11y adopt. ed, but should be helpful to \)rni .. and h• • committee. II\<)pt !lllIt lxfore the next annual meeting the Section will hive new bylaws in pillce. providing rTIOU open ~ to involvement in the YLS Ind. perhaps. limited tums fo r members 01 tho: Encutiw Committee. As /I poort 01 OUr Hlf·womination this )'ur, I h,..... appointed Colt Porti o of Montgomery to chai r II Long-Ran ge Planning sub·committu charged with Htablishing the Section's prioritiH OMr the next stY't1'l1 yu.n. LonJI·l'ltIgt plan. ning i. a difficult lask and on. that '.lIu ius /I grut dul of trfor!. Slill. it may prO\'O' to be our most importllnt undtrtUlng this yor. Frequ~ntly, tht Stdion i. called upon to cont .ibutt not only timt, but .I so

318 1 NOVEMBER 1995

1995·96 Execut;"'O! Committu D. Hi ",hO.ld. Jr. , Montgomt l')" Prtsident.rltel RO)bort J. II~. Mobil • • Secrrtary Cordon C. Amulton&. Mobil<· Trr.iSUr.. Thonw B. Albritton. Andalusi;> Cynthia Lee Almond. TUlQIoosa Cham, L Andrnon, Mont~.ry Melult Me",l. HIIU, Birmingham DII,;d A. EUiotl , Bimlingham I)oftlu A. FnguOOl'l. Huntsville MichMl D. F_ ..... d, 8innin8lwn Frtel D. CI'lIy. J r.• Tuskegee ChristOpher 8 . HUOIon, 8inninghun Bryan Ii, llonlt1. Binningham Chril tOpher J. Hu ghu, Montgomery C.ndi. A. McGowan, Birmingham Mlcharl D. M" Mooty. Bimlingtwn J ohn II. Nathan, Binnlflgtwn J, Colt Portio. Monl.g<l~ry A",hlbald T. Rer..... IV, Mobile ChristOpher A. Smith, Flo.~nco Eliubeth C. SmiHu rt , Union Springs Jacob A. Wallrrr III , Opelika J" ....... W. W. II •. Mobile Anthon~

bul necessary task of improving ih ~.""'nl

mont)' to worious Of1Inil.lolions or projKu. It is becoming locTUl,ng!y mo« difficult to II110utt our limil~d .esou.c .. without meaningful guid~ · lints fn r doing SQ. The .dore, I have iSkrd Chartie An<ltTllon of Montgomery to dwr II oprcial Cl'ltIts klb-comminee to dtvdGp 8Uidelina and promiurts to USlSt the Encutiw Committee In mHo ing dKioions of tilis tl'Pl'. It 1$ hoped that our work this )"tar will result in a rTlGre . fficient .od usponsi ...... Young Llwyers' Section, If you ha,.... oy questions or COlOlmnts concerning tho: Section, pl.iSoI' w. ile me or IIny of tho Execut;"" CommillH members listtd bdow- or HI1d it to us tr,oe·mail

Smith is a plrtnu I t Bainbridge. Millll, Rogers & Smith in Bimlingham. N.".,.,. II. i•• 1986 gradu.ate of tilt Universi·

II' of Alabama School of Llw.

•

THE AU\RAMA LAWYER

DISCIPLINARY REPORT noncompli~nce

"_Inst.'emenl • JH~r Newton Powell, JT" (ormerl~ 01 Decatur. surren· dered his lietnn to practice law drttti~ January 13. 1988. Upon filing ~ pdition for reins~ltmtnt, Powell wao ,..,instattd to tIw pllClict of ' - by o.do. of the SuprmM: Court of AI.· rna tff«tiw A"IIUSI 25, 1995. IPd. No. 95-<111

T,.nsf... to D1ublllty In.cllve St.lu. • Arab. AI;ab.1!l1l1 attorney .',H Stldon \\'••\1"

...·ilS

Inns-

lured to disability in~ctivtc 5t.1ol\ll, dr.eli...., June 23, 1995. W... transft. wu ordered by tht Alabama Sup.."", Court

w,',

pursuant \0 a prior order of the DiscipliRaI'y Commission of the Alabama State Bar, IRuie 27(1), Pet . No. 95·0021 01...........'

• Scottsboro IUOTnql Rich.lord M. l'a)'Tlt was disbarred from tht practice 01 ~ byOrder of t~ Supmm Court of~. tfftctiYt July 19. 1995. hyrw Nod P«VioosIy bttn sU&P"ndtd from the prxtict d law lor l period iii thr«}'tan for having m~ttd and """""'rtcd to his own use funds belonging \0 hi. elient A5 part of tile Ii".pension ordtr. Payne ... as required 10 repay the misappropriated funds to his elient. Payne ', disbarment "'35 a rnull of his failure 0' ,efuS<ll to repay the fun<b in qu .. tion to his dient.IASB No. 93-0911

SU....n.lon. • Efftctiw AugU5l. 21. 1995. Birmingham attomty Orrin R...wll Ford hu bw1 suspmdfd from the practi~ 01 law (or

with the Client Securi ty Fund A$I"$Iment requiremtnU of Ihe Alabama Statt B.ar. [CSF No. 95·02) • Effective July 21. ]995. Mobile attorney LeMucul Alan l'l>lone has been suspended from the pr<ICtice of law lor oon· romplian«' ",ith lilt Mlondilory Continuing Legal Eduu.tion Rulu.lCLE No. 9$.]2) • EfI'tctiw July I. ]995. ~.tomty CIwin IbndoIph Itolbdo.y. Jr. hu brtn ~nded (rom the pnctlco 01 law lor nonoomplian« with the ~ Continuing LrpI Eduation Rules. Holladay pooica I.Jw in New Vork.ICLE No. 95-07)

Public R.prlmllnd • On July 19. 1995. Jasper allorney Larry E. Smith wn administered a public reprimand without general publiation by the Alabama State B.ar. Smith wu tmpl~'ftl by II client in oonMCtion with a cL10im for medial txptnses ~ against tilt client. Smith failed to rupooo to the L10wsuit ~nd II default Jud&mtnl was nlteffil ~nst his clit-nt. FurthtfTno«. during the ptrio.xI of .-..p..... nUlion. Smith faikd or rdu$ftI to I"QPOfId to telephone call> (rom hil dient Or OIht.....ue communiate with 1M dient conctming the statU5 of the cast. 11K Oiscipli· nary Commission determined thai Smith's conduct constitut· ed 11 "';olation of Rule ].3 0/ the Ruin of Professional Conduct which prO\lidu that an altomty shall not "'ill/ully neglect II legal matter nltrwted to him. UId Rule Uta). whkh prO'lida that a i.1owyer wll kttp II dient ruson.ibly infonned about the ItlltUI o( a matter and promptly comply .... ith nuonablt rtQuuu lor inIormation. IASB No. 94·1811 •

Attention! Members of the Legal Profession Visiting Atlanta for the 1996 Olympic Games If you are considering visiting Atlanta during the 1996 Olympics, the Atlanta Bar Association would like to know of your interest in participating in educational and social activities during your visit. Please contact the Alabama State Bar to obtain a questionnaire to submit to the Atlanta Bar Association by December 15, 1995. The Atlanta Bar Association wi l l use the information you provide to determine what adivities and services may be of interest to lawyers and judges. If you prefer, you can contact the Atlanta Bar Association by telephone at (404) 52 1-0781 or facsimile at (404) 522-0269 for more information. THE ALAIlAMA LAWYt:R

NOVEMBER 1995 1379

RECENT DECISIONS By DAVID B. BYRNE, JR. (l1ld WILBUR C. SILBERMAN

UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT-

CRIMINAL Wirel.p disclosures and obstruction of justi<~

United Siaies v. Ag!iilar. 515 U.S. ~ li S S.C!. ~ 132 L.t:4.2d 520 (19951. Did a federal judge's making of a false statement to FBI agents at a time when he knew that a Crand Jury "'0$ im'l',ti. gating poMible criminal wrongdoing on hi' part amount to lhe offense of endeavoring to obstruct the due adm inistration of justice? The SUpT."'" Court.

in a ,ix-lorlnTe. decision. ans~red no. However. the Supreme Court voted eight·to..,,,. to uphold Judge Aguila,', corwiction for tipping off somOOnt thai hi' telephone may be tapped. ---

, _ TED DASIIER & ~ ASSOCIATES

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Chief Justi .. Rehnqui,t. writing for Ihe majority , held that uttering fal,e .tatemenl$ 10 an investigat ing agent who might testify befoTt a Fedual Crand Jur)' is not sufficient to make out a ";01<otion of ISU.S.C § 1503, prohibi. tion of "enduyoring to influence, obstruct, or impede ... the due adminis_ tration of ju.tice,- Chief Justice Rehn quilt said that a limited construction needed to be placed on Ihe rlther sweeping languaj/e of 18 U.s.C. § 1503'$ catch-all provision. The Supreme Court adoptt<! the "n"" ... - requirement developed in some circuits under which the allegedly obstructive conducl "mu'l ha~ a relationship in lime. causation, or logic with Ihe judicial proceedings.Thi. m.. n. that Ihe defendant must haw both intended 10 inn!reneo a judicial or Grand Jul)' proceeding. and his erufe,wor "must have the natural and probable .ffecl" 01 interfering with the due administralion of j",tice. Ur>der this approach. an accu~ muSI take action with Ihe intent to influence such prncteding; il is not .nough that there be an intent to inAuence some ancillary proce""ing such as in,'utig.ltion inde" pendent of the Court', or Grand Jur)'"s authority. With regard to Judge Aguilar. ron";ct ion for wiretap disclosur., JuSlice Rehnqui,t held that a federal law making it a crime to diS(:l"", a court order authorizing a wiretap. i.... IS U.s.C § 2232(c). il violaled ewn if the authoriz.tion has expired by the lime the information is provide<!. Ihteri.lity is jul)' question in pr05e<ution for making falS<! statement in violation of IS U.S.C. § 1001 United Siales .... Gaudin. 515 U.S. ~ 115 S.C\. ~ 132 I..Ed.2d 444 (1995). Must the question of materiality in a prosecution for making fall": statements in violation of 18 U.S.c. § tOOl be lubmilled to a jul)'? A unanimous Sup .."", Court ........'I're<.i yes. Justice Scalia reuoned that. "The

Constitution gives a criminal defendant t he right to have a jury determine, beyond a reasonable doubt. his guilt of ever)' element of the crime with which he is charg""'-"The trial judges refusal to allow the ju!), to]laSS on the 'materi.Iity' of. .. false statements infringed that right:

1'.,..."..100 of rorearm "ithin 1,000 fett of school falls outside of Commer« Cia .... United Siales .... Lopu, 514 U.S. ~ 115 S.C!. 1624. 131 j,.Ed.2d 626 (\995). The f.dnal criminal statute that prohibits posse .. ion of. firearm in or with_ in 1,00(} feet of ~ school, i.e .. 18 U.S.C. § 922('1), dO<!s not regulate activity that subst.ntially .flectl inl ... tate commerce and conuins no jurisdictional element that might limit its reach to li ru r m possession that substantially affecl. inte .. tate commerce, and thus exceeds Con~re .. ' authority under Ih. Commerce Clause. Lope:z, a 12th-grade student, carri"" a roocraled handgun into his high S(:hool and was charged with violating the GunFret" School Zoms Act of 1990 which forbids "any indil.idual knowingly to possess a firearm.1 a p~ that Ihe] knows ... ;s. school zone: The Dislrict Court denied Ihe defendant's motion \0 dismis.s the indicl ..... nt roocluding that § 922('1) is a comtitulional .. erci .. of Congress' power to regulate activiti .. in and affecting commerce. The Courl of Appul. ' ......... d, holding that the statute was invalid because il exc eeded Congress' pO'''''r ur>der the Commerce Ct.u.>e. Chief Justice Rehnquist, wriling for the majori!;'. held that the Act 0XC«d"" Congr. ..· Commerce Clause authority. The Court .....soned thai of a ~un in a local S(:hool zan. is in 00 sense an economic activity that migh t. through repdihon .15('where, haw such a substanti.1 eflect on interstate commerce. Section 922('1) i. a criminal statule that by its terms has nothing to

.,.,...,s>"'"

O;nlilll4!d "" page 382

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S... I011 H.... ndI.... DIoecl'" 01 Comm ... llic<Jllons ...10001\'1(] Slole!lor P.O. 8o>c 671 Monlgomery .... L 36101 (3341 269. 1515

do with "<;On'IITItm!" or:lll)' - ' d tronomic trlterpriw. ~r broiodty u..... tt"'" ~Ilt Ikfoflfd. Nor if il :an tsStntw part of I ~r Iltgu~ion ai tcOnOmic activity in whidl the rtgubotory scOOnt CMI/IOI bf: un<.\tmJI unlta the intl'llStale activity wtllt IltSUboltd. Second. f 922(q) contains no jurisdictioNl element ",hich W<)uld enJu re. through II CIIse·b}>·cue inQuif)'. thaI tIN: fo~affl\$ ~SlliOl1 in quell ion hu the requisite nnus with interstale cO!nmt'rte. ConstitulioNl IrUi nror-limt gon 10

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O-"ed", McAninch. 513 U.s.~ 115 S.C!. 992. 130 L.F.d.2d 947 119951. O·Nul". fedtnl habeu corp.. pdition challenetd hiJ JUte court conviction lOr murder II» OIher crima.. Tht Sixth Cir· cuitauumed Ihat O·N.~I had ut.b· liJiN:d 'COl1ltiluliona,l Irill" .rror "'ith regard 10 one of tht jury instruclions.

bUI diHc,arded th~1 erro r on Iht ground thaI it was "huml.n". The Si~th Circuit's holding required th. habtaJ pditiQncr 10 bur the bunlrn 01 tlW!looing whccher the error was P"'i' udic~ ufllltr the sbndard 5t"t forth in Br«:hl u. AbraJw1l'UCtt, S()7 U.s. ~ Justice Br~r. wriling for II di.;ded Court. held that ",hen. fedenl court find$ a COI1$lilulional trial error and iJ in 'flOve dou.bt about ,,·httlltr the error hid I "sul»tantial and injurious effecl or innutnc. in determining the juris ""r· dict," lhe error il not harmle.s. and lht Ilditioner mwt win. Justi,. Brcytr oburwd that rt\;tw· in, courU normally disre,ud tri~1 errors lhal allt hIIrmless. O'Nears ~ pmmttd the question 01 whrlhtr /I ftd· ..... lIabcaJ court ~Id consider /I INI • ..or harm Ie., when the courl III reviews I ltIte-court judgment from a crimiNlI tNI: (2) finds I constilutionil error; and (3) i, in gnvt" doubt ;>bout " .... thtr or not thaI .rror is harmle.s. O'Nul'1 cue present.d Ihe .pecial

Mark Your Calendar now!! 9th Annual Seminar

circumstanc. In which /I r"";tw of tlw: record lea_ I conscientious jud~ in gnrve doubt ibool lhe likely tffect of:an mor on the juf)'" vmlicl. J..oo Brt)'or defined ·SflOvt doubt" u lin issue which, "in the judge', mind. the matttr if I(l notnly b10lanctd tNl he tftls him5t"1f in virtUil equipoi5t" as to the harm· lessntSi 0( lilt error. We conclude tNt Ihe uncertain judge .hould Irul the error. not as if il wtre harmle.s. bul as if il afftc\td tilt wrdicl li .... as if il had a substantial and injurious efkct or innu· . nee in delermininQ the juri' verdict }" Itolding of Akt~. QkIDhomtJ. 470 U.S. 66 ul."'" Myond ill lPPlic~lion 10 PSY' ,h~lrit aperu Sill/It '" Dubo:stt. 29 ABR 1514 (I995). Oubose was convicted of thm: counts of apiW murdtr. Th. pri .....1'}' evidtnct linking tho defend:anl 10 the crimes was DNA ttsling ai urUin vatin.al-..t.. mel other ..... ttriab. I>ubo5t"', defense was ,Jibi based upon tke ItJ\imony of five witntSSt$.

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AL.ARAMA LAWVER

At tht O,Mtt of tht ClU, Dubou's family and fril:ndI hlHIa ddmK fur.d u S10,OO{I, The Stitt contended that DuboH ""'" not mtitled to npert funds bfaust lilt hoIdillll u,," u. Ofdahoma did not utend beyond I)$ychiatric

.,.,..

The SUip~nv court affirmod thr <1m. sion of the court of criminal appeal. re~rsing DuboH 's conviction on the buis that the trial court hlHI ullOOlUti· lutionally denied the ddendant's requut for funds for I DNA expert in violation u the Sixth Amendment Justice Shores, wrilillll for the majori. ty, htld that if the "-'$t\J u friond$ MId Klativts who we~ not legally raponsi· bit for tilt ddmdant a~ not inclucStd in determining a defendan!'s indigency, thon the (Ioc! that a friond or relati~ pa)'ll'or ... indiftnt ddtndanrs <:OIl"*, ohould not be C()I'I$ideRd in dtl ..... in· ing whether thr dtfendant is .ntitled to fundi for npert assistanc •. The Alabllmll Supreme Court also rooclu~ that the principles munciat· td by the United States Supreme Court in Au v. Oklahoma, and gfOunded in the due proteu guarant.u o( funda· mental flimen. Ipply in the ,aoe of non·pSychiatric upert assistan« whtn an indig.nt defendant makes a proper showillll that tht mtUQttd iWistance is .-dtd lor him to tIM: II bir opportuni. tyto pramt hisdtfmst. It is impOrtant to nou thlt the Suprenv Court rtlffirmtd its decision in Ex SimtIers, 612 So.2d 1199. "'-hich established 10 two-prong uquiK' ment for npert wlSIM>Ce with the following words: The only time a def.ndant in Alabama . .... htlhtr indit/tnt or not, Ius a right to have an independent exptrt namine physical evidenc.ls when such evidence (II is critical and 121 is wbjed to varitd npert Opinions. SmKkn, supra. To bo critical. the evidence must be the only Mdtnc. linking the accusW with the crime or JIfOVilllliUl elomrnl u thr cor· pus delicti. Eun if the evidnc. i. indHd critial. it is not subject to inde· pend.nt uamination unlus it is also subject to ""I)'illll upe1I Opiniom. lustlc:t Shous lUSOntd that given thr weight that a jul'jl could p~e on DNA test rnol1l and the statist iu drawn from them, coupled with the unlik~li· hood thaI ddense coonsel would ha~

the ntCtSSal'jl npertiH to challmge that

evi<Imce, an ,!>diemt cltftndanl against wMm DNA evidence wHi be offued must ha .... KCesS 10 I OSA uperl to assist in his dtfense.

RECENT BANKRUPTCY DECISIONS

Elewnth Circuit rules On adequate prote<lion, ~nd paymen t of l~ter6t to over· "",,oml cmlilor In '" Df>1/a Raourea. 54 F.Jd 722: 27 S.C.D. SOl (11th Cir. J une 14. 1995). 0rU Crtdlt Alliance, ;as ... cmrsteurtd cmlitor in thl$ Chac>kr II ast, ~ lor n:lid fTom SUy beaust U failUK U the debtor to furnish ldequat. protec· tion. The bionkruptcy court denied the motion. holdillll that thot collatml ""'" ~I'JI to the debtor for an dfed~ reorg..niution, and granted adequate proUction in the amount of almost SIO.OOO monthly. The court rejecttd the claim of Orix for poIt' petition inteT~st ;as pari 01 adequate protoction. On appeal. the district COUri re"""ro, stating that an cmrSfcorw cmlitor.;as po.rI of adequate protection, was enli· tltd to pOIt.petition inteK$...d also an additional amount to maintain ilS eIIui-

ty cushion. Th. debtor appealed, but pending the appeal. the property ....ao sold with Dril receiving the proceeds. The only question ~ning on aweaI was....t.elhtr the pOIt·petition pl)menlS previously authorize<! by the district court were due to be paid. An O\-,orse· cuml creditor Is mtitltd to inl.rat on ilS claim. ilId under Timbers the inttr· est bocomu Cl'-rt u the claim protected by the coliate",l. 110000.,."..r, the question is whether the "interut in properly' to be prot.ct.d entitles tn. oversecured cr.ditor to post · petition interest pay. ..,.,nlS to .ntun: againtt diminution in ""Iu. of ilS .quity cushion, or only to protect aglintt depreciation 0( tht col· tateral . The court stated tmt the ade· quat. protection is only to the extent that the value ~t the lime of filing atftdtd tht vallM: u the secuml claim. Section S06 denies undtrsecuml credi· tors pOst ' pdition int.rut on th.ir dailTl$ ilId liu...·iH denies O\'tI"SfCUrtd cffililors p<»t. pttition interut to the u.t.nl that .... hm added to tht principal, the amount exceeds the value of the collateral, If th.re is no cushion. there can b. no post . peti t ion inter.. \. An undusteured creditor may be .ntitled to ad equllte proUction to .nSur. agatfl$t a decline in the v:oIlM: u lilt col· t.t'TlII. but not pOSt .petition internt. on

/HI""

Tft!: ALABA.'1A U\WYER

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its collat~ral during the ~ ... adequat~ pr(llrction. The court tlltn interpreted stCtio ... 506(b) and lei ~asoning that ur»t-r Ic) tho dtbtor is al~ from tho wliatual ..-oNbJe com III1d tlq)eIUeS 01 prestroi"ll tho collate""'. After this allowarl«. tht cNditor is entitled to ;nte~ on its ntt allowed "cured claim al the con· tract rate, but the ~""'nt must ......ait the c:omplttio!l 01 reorganiution 0, coo· fi rmation of the clle. The court then • tated: "11'e hold th.t an ov... tcund cndito r's Inltrnt in propert~ which must be adequately prolected. tncom· p;wt$ the \l«line in the val .... 01 the wi, iat ....1 only. rather IIw1 ptrpttlWing the ratio 01 lilt coIlatenl to the dd>t." The court concluded by stating that twn accept ing. "lthough not pro~d. Ihil was ill CMrwrorN emlitoo', it ..'aS not rntilled to receive periodic MTnmIl for accruing interut u PII" 0( adequate protrction for illY ptriod 0( iime. Comment : This opinion has been given mon space and attention than custOITIIOty btaUK the quution 01 inttr· ut ari ... frequently. Now. in this circuit, ;t ;. dear that post· pttil;on inlerest i. 001 allO\Yed as a part of _uale prote<:·

tion, Then I till may be lOme unan· ~Nd quntions. such as the mmt of the court 's diKretion in conditioning the coolillUiOte 01 a ~. In PIIrtk........ the rtacltr l hould u.amint footnotes 7 iIld 9 to tilt opinion. And. for another olI'l!'ring oIl)ftla. plnoe..., briow. Georgia

U.S. 1)lstrkt Court inttrprds

D,fla R fSourUI. and allo appliu it ~troKtiwly

/'fUller of 11/41:.·nl~rprlstJ. Inc .. 183 B.R. 981. (Bktcy N.I). Go. July 12. 1995). In May 1995. the cut trustte moved for use 01 ash collateral. which motion was ullimJotely apprtlYtd . ubjrct \0) granting to tht creditor a r,flt s«u,ity interest in all pOSl ·petition assets. subject to the debtor's PIIyment of two months· inttr· est. A COf\Hnt order iClPTO"ina: tilt adtqUile protection "'ilI proposed. but i dispule arOH ill the t ..... t" wi.hed to , on l inue paying inttrtst. to which objection was raised beuuse of the Dl'lIa RestXIm'S \l«ilion nr>dtNd June 14. 1995. The ,etrGlclive effeci of the Dl'lIa Rtsoorcu dtcision and its applic· ability to the instant c.u became an iosue. U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Homer Drake

EX C ELSIOR - L EGAL'S

7l<b<ud.51daNebj'

Sj:-ec«z/

5259 Ideal for Laser Printers Includes: 1,000 Lell l'rht'uds lind Envelopt;S 500 Business Cards, 500 Plain Se(ond Sheets A/~'o indudu dies and a proof 241b .. 25% COlton. Laser Finish. White Of Bamboo. Recycled Bond $259 241b.. 5Oi> Couon La .... Bond. White. Bamboo and Laser White 5167 Crane's E.,ra";., plil~" I. "11M.,. NY lIffd QrilJ.di>, I'L C.U 10<' _/Htl .ffd Irp/ J~P/H' CIOlfI"'"

(800) 111.1'71. txl. $OJ.

Inc: 384 ' NOVl-;MHF,R 1995

finilltid ~t as thor~ had been no final detennirlition on tilt queslion 01 post · petition interest paym.nts . /Hila Rel ourc,s must be follo .... d. As 10 applicability to this cast. he stated that Section 361(1 ) ~Ii" ..ith tqual fora to the us./! of cash con~ttral. ~nd that under Dl'111I Rt!iOOrcu. a cNditor is 001 entitled to periodic p.ayments of post. petition interut as adequate protection. The opinion further stated thai ewn in the limited e~ctption of an overse<:urtd creditor being entitled 10 posH'tt;tion interest. timing il important. for "the PIlJPIl01I III post'pelili()n intert$t mwl lIu.''1lill'" r:omp/elioo of the banJrruplc!I ClIU ond n(}1 occur b<lfore. Id. ul 730. This rul' applitJ In all aspecls of the bilnkruplc, calt. and no ' juslwi'h resp«t 10 ,IN rwd for adequate protft;tion within ,IN COfllut 01 the au/omtltic sla, or Ih. us. 01 cash col/al.,al. " Itmplwis IUP\'Ilitd-tht ~fertnCt " Id at 730" appIi.. to Cklla RtsOUrcul. Finally. Judge Drake h.ld that ~n though the p.art;u had tntend into a constnsuall11r«menl as to payment of post-petition interut. Delta Resources prevents the enforcement of such an agr«mmt. Commenl: This cue. which bolsters Drlta Ruources. eff.cli~ly d~. 01 p.ayment of pOSl. petition intu~sI until th~ {a$t ;s C!O$td. We must now await furtlKr ~Io>prmnts in this and otlKr circuits. •

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THt:ALA/lA,'1A u\WYER

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Finn .., I ~lltln· ~ui.h.d and rUP<~I.d

..... mbtr olll1i. _ia.

111>...... the lIou._ ton County Bar """"". lion .. ",.",bu. hi. F......, nam, . rOCO!lni ... hi' COI1lributions both to .,." prol... ion ond 10 Ihi. commun.t~ .•1Id rtCOrds this mtmori·

al of OUr <oIlUilut; Whutu. L. A. r ume . wU born On M.rch 29. 1920 in DOlhln, wh ... h. atlOndrd tho pJblic schools; and 11'11...... Bill. as he ....as oflocl' ..... t.ly hod Ius Slu;jy "'Low ot thr lInMnity ol~ ~"""", he ..Md Ius <"..aUr)' in <Qo'JIbot as. o.pWn Wllh Iht 35Ih tnWlll}' Dr.Uion of tilt lIruttd Stain Army in ~:urope during \I'orhlWar II ; and Wh.«u. UpOn rl;'dw~. from Iht Army he tompl.IN hi> studi...1 tho Unlvtnlty '" AIWma School 01 taw and was odmiuttl 10 tht boT in 19017... 'Which tun< II< rnt ...d ~ priv>1f practice 01 low in ~. lit strwd 16yurs .. an ...;sunt ddlrict &Itoi'. nry kif ~ 20th Judicial Cimlit >nil strwd .. p.uid<N of the lI .... ton County B.. ~1ion in 1957 and Oilin ,n \976. 1M fl"rtictfl"'<d In nu~roul oU.... ci"c ~nd cha"ubl. lIfairs in and about the oity of Dothan. .1Id WhoI'U$, Bill proctkt<i law in I)(Jth.an kif rnor< !han 4S}'Un, ~ in !:>usi ........

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Idmi , ed by hi. fellow Ilwy"... being oJ<illtd and obit in I~ and othor >uu of proctic<: and 111><...... he t<lOk the lim. to giv< young I.wy". guidance ... ilh companion and undtrslo..,hng; and 1I'h<rt». BiU _ . dtscondant of ~

I<ne ... uON of otl.Omeys. ond thi< di<lin· gUi<h,d b~. acquired the u... lt .... bl. , .. poet 01 the booneh oM bu 01 tl>< 20tIt lud;ciol CiTCHi!. Ht _ IIrId in Iht highm "'um by judi" and 1,1I0w lawyers becau .. 01 hi. unimpeloh.bl, ch ... .nd highe.1 re"rd for judici>.! ethic. and he was. model fa. thou '" his ti"", and those """" .... re to 100Iow. 1M Wh...». B,II __ I dtdiat«l and lCliw member ot tho Fint B'plil! Church of Dothan. lit _ I <kvot«l family moll and t,ft ,ulVi.ina him hll wif,. Erin D••i. flnne •• Dothan; I oon and <bughtet.jn.low. I.me> D. and P,t,ici. F.,,,,,,,. Dothan: • d.o.ullht .. and JOIl·,n·b .... Anne and N...... II Alltn. TusalooM: a .aW. Frances F. Scott. P>nama City. f'loriila; and th ... grandchil. d=. \i.al •• Ala and RrilIm>n l'armer. ,II 01

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"""'" T1>mi<wt. boo

it moMd by ~ """>bo,, 01 !he IituRon CoI.nty au .. ..,....pc"., in """,. ire WIy r ,tied. thot .... mourn!he ..... ina trom OUr muht of thl$ toilhful pUblic --.t. L A. '"BiU· ~. and that .... h!= ..;!h attnd ou.1}'IT(IOlhy ond ~ to hisf¥nity.

James Edward Arnold N obile Admit/ed: 1951 Okd: Jul}- 3. 1005

Ilruce Valenl ine Hain

"""

Admitted: 1941

llied:Anau>t 11.1995 J()$fph Robert Huie &""i/>ghom Mmilled: t936 Died.. MlIr<h 18. 1005

\\l l1iam Arthur Jenkins, Jr. NJm.1led: 1950 fMd: Mlrdt 14. 1995

,,,,,.-

Edwin Burks Li\'ingstoll Mmilled: 1947 Died: lune 3. 1005

Arthur Ernest Park~r Bkmin,;/ham Mmilled: 1950 Okd:Ju1y26. 1995

INine Craig Porter. Jr. Bkmin,;/ham Admitted: 1932 Died: May 28. 1005 ~I ichael

_ Rufu. R. Smith . Jr.

Pruidml Houston Coun ty liar Auocilltion

I.w. Ind "'.. rt'OiIni .. d .nd

Simon elli

Bkmin,;/ham Admilled: 1967 Died: o'\u;gWl. 1. 1995

Truman Charles Sle'o<o'Mli M milltd: 198\ Dw: July 18. 1995

Please Help Us T/If: AM>ama ~ "M.mori, I," M'<:\iool u dnigncd \0 prll'>'i<le nltrnbo .. of til, bar with inlotnWion oboul lilt dUlh 0( Illti. <011<"...... Tbe ~ SW. II.lr and til< FAilori>lllo»rd t..,.. no Wl)' 01 kIIowing whtn (WIt of OUr membon it ~ unlao .... ~'t notir..... ~ take tho h ... \0 IJIOridt \1$ "';!h \hot iOIfornIaliol\. If,ou """" \0 wnttlOft'ltthine oI:Iout tho i~'J lilt and pn)ko,ionIoI O<C<lO'I'Ij!IiIhmtnU /or publi. taIiooI .. Iho ~. pIuK limit )'OUr ( 00 ••••,,4 W 250 wonII and und ... I pidun if POPiI>k. Wt FaOnoo tho rillhl \0 tdil lIl ink>rm>lion ".'milttl! "" Iho -Mtmorioob" Hftioft. PIw.t ..nd natific.otion Wonno1ion to Iht IoIIowinc ~ MarprriLM~ .

THE ALABA~ U,\\'YER

77wA' I .. t.-pr,

P.o. s... . t 56. ,~ .AL

361 01

Joseph Cle·.... i5 Trucks F"W~d

Mmilltd: 1940 Died: July 18. 1995

MlOCon Lenn)' Wt3'o't'l' H=l.floi/k

Mml/led: 1950 Ditd: ftlnUlfY 9. 1995

NOVL\I BER 1995 1385

John Hedges Tappan

. .-...,. -!at

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hereas, th, Mobile B.r As!.oci.tiM hon· Or> th, memory of John liedg .. T.ppan. a di.tin_ gui. hed member of thi> iWOC"ti,., who died on !'th· mary I ~. 1995: Now thue/or. be

it remembtrt<l : John Hedge. T.pp.n was bor n on Augu" 20. 1916 in Mansfi eld, Ohio. K""","" to his m..oo. as • Jock-. he gadu· • ted from K.nyon Collrge and <"tertd iaw o<hool.t C.... W.. Re ..",'. in C",.. Iand. Ohio in 1938. lie .ub5oq""ntly reai"'" hi. UJI del''' fMrl'l Tul .... Uni· .... "it~ Scl»oI of Law in 1941. Describing himstlf ... "d;unned yank« in the deep Sooth". Jade pra.ctiw! law on his ""'"" in Mobil< fMrl'l 1941 until 1943. "'ing. por. tion 01 thr ollk. sp.ace 0( Mr. PlIlmtr Pil· I..... In 1943, he became an iWOC"te of the firm'" Pill ..... Cowley & Gresham. and in 1946 btcamt. (lartner in thr firm of Niall>. Cowley. Rams & Towan.nd a)n\inued to pncti« ,.,.;th that firm and iU~ until 1981 ..'IIen he became qf C()unSil/ to the firm the" known .s Reams. T3wan. Wood.. Vol lmer. Philip> .. Kill"",. P.C. Jack', primo'Y .... of concentration during hi. <arter was in moritime I.w. Jooeph M. .\lim. Jr. rec.oIled that fer • p<ri • od 0/ l'U" ending onl~ WIth hi. "ti,,· m.nt. -Jack,.,.. i~ in ".., ly all 0/ the major atJmirally libg>.tion in Mobile. .nd it w.. a privil.~e and i",pi,.,tion to work ""th Jock boca_ """ in the f1"IO>l trying 0/ ci~ he 'MY> Sla)Itd cool and wM' gmtJeman." W. Boyd nQltd U~t Jack T.p· (la" w,," "a master 0/ mariti".. I"", and • t.... I!<ntleman in hi. dealings with his <>w<>n<nu: U. S. Di.trict JudI!< AI .. T. lIoward. Jr. d"",ribtd lack as a - lamed admiralty practit ioner who mo,t .bl~ .. presented hi. dimt .. Althou,gh he ..... a formidabl< O!'I'O'I<nt. he ..... . pori«t

R,,,,,,.

386 1 NOVEMBER 1995

g<ntl<man of aboolut. int<1fil)': Stnior U. S. District Judge Daniel H. Thoma.s, who p"",ded OI'<r man~ 0/ the im",rt.mt admlr>11}' ...... in which J.<k w"" in"""'"'=!. lttalW that Jock " .......'Y d<1lbm.te and ...... that.".'Y 'i' was dot· ted and <VeT}' l' rro.sed in anythjng that he handled: Judge Thonw commented thai "aU lawyers """,KI tlo woll to emula" Jack Tap""n: Jack', longtime I"'rtntT. Gte.ge F. lI'ood. nol<d that Jack wM' - kind .nd g. ntle man who .. of ethic> and mon]il}' was pro(oond". Jac k Tap",," woo an avid yocht.man. having ,.il,d hi. boat man~ tim .. to Ilohanw and Canada, and it was.t H'T' bout island in the Baltanw whe .. Jack rnointaintd a <toid<""" that he died. n; • .ailing . do. ntur .. indud. d trip. to B,itish liondu .... and tho L.. ward 1.I.nd. and Windward IsI.nd. of the C.ribbun 05... In addition to hi, d• ....,. lion to law and .. ihng. Jack WM acti .... in local tlle.t ... having ..rvtd as presid<nt oliN: Joe Jeff,...,., Players wllere he .Iso reui,.. d.n a",·.r<! as bt. t actor. FOT 17 l'O' ... Jade strved as a dirt<:tor of thr T.p.. ""n 5101'< Company 0/ Manofield, Ohfo. a comp.ny that had been ,t.,ted b~ hi. grandfather in 1891. Jack and hi' wife. Loui..,. mided )'tolT' ,ound " their homt in Point CI ... . In adIlitiOfl to hi. wif•. brott\<r and .istu, Jack i•• urvived by three child .. n. 01 .... l'lppan 1I0... t 0/ Mobil•. C,.,ig Tappan 0/ Mansfield, OlUo. ond Dr. Doulti.. Tappan of Pen,acol •. florida ,.,ho e.p,daHI' rtmembtr tl><iT fathd. genlle"... and

"n"

....

Now. thertfore. Itt. it ....,lvtd lh>t thr

membt .. of the Mobil, Bar AwKiation moum thr p.Using 0( ooIleag"" John !t.dgu Tap""n, . nd we Join with hi. f. mily .nd fritnd. in ..""lI ing th. wit. ""'rmth and "';sOOm 0/ Our r.llow \a;oy<T w!>ooe leg.cy 01 .."'Ice .... honor with this "..morial resolution.

"'If

-Altqn R. B"","", Jr. l'residmt Mobile llaT AssociatiOn

Norman K. Brown

h..... , Nor· tTWlli.~

Sr .. a distinguishtO membtr of tho _mer Ba! A-. ciotion. passed r-ay ,., June 27, 1995. Wh ..... , Nor· man K. B"","". ST. "'a•• n'''.e of Brown Washington C""n. I)'. and later attond· ed the Uni'· ... it~ of Alabama wh." h. rtUivtd hi> undtrgradu.ll< doi' ''' While attending the Uni ....... ily of Alabama he w... mtmbtr of the Pi Ka""" Phi Fr3ter· nily and lat., rt<:tived hi> dtgrt< from the Univer>il}' '" AIaboma Scl»oI 0( Law. Wh ..... , Norman K. Bro....-o. Sr. ""M distinguisht<l and re<:ognized as a Un ito<l Stot.. Vole"", 0( World Wor II. • membtr '" IN: A.IabMu II"" .. of Reprtstntlti ..... from 1963·1967, and a membt. ~/ tht Fi rst Ilo.ncGroup Board '" Dir<ctors. Inc. oIAIabama. 11'10.,... , No,man K. Bf"""'. S" ,.,ho was a afkctionately known .. "Tiger" to hCo cotloagua and fritoo.. ,.,... d<voto<l . nd di,tingui$hed membtr 0/ the Eksst· mer Ilor Aw>ciation fo, a ""rio<! 0/ time ..~ .. ding 40 ruT>. Du,in ~ hi . lengthy and honorable .. rvicc to the practict 0/ law. he wa. el«t<d pre,ident of the _me, Bar Aw>ciahon. 1I'ht..... Nonnan K. B"""" S•. w.. .. _0<1 hu<band and father and left ....,. ,ivinll him. wif•. Doroth~ Col~uitt S,..,...,. a _. Nonnan Ii. B"","", Jr .. two dought .... OQ,oth~ B. Ivy .nd luli. K. Brown.• nd many othe, beloved rtlatives and ftimds, It i•. thertfo ... h. ..by .tsol""d. that we up, ... our enduring "gard and ""poet f.r OUr distingui.hed c~lI ..gue who ..rvtd our prof...i,.,. Ottr ,t'I< and ""r COIlnt'Y in .uch an ..""pl>!y man· ner .nd who has left 10' all of u. who claim the nome 0/ -I.>wy<r" the peri",t .....mpl. 01 thr nobl. and dtvoltd servict to the - le.lou. Mist ....: . -/<. \'Inetnt II,,,,,,,.,,. Ir. Nephew. Norman Ii. BrOWll _ Ralph L Armstrong

I"'..idm~ tI ...."..r Bar iU<o<i>tlon

THE AlABAMA \.o\WYER

CLASSIFIED NOTICES RATES: Membel'$: 2 tree listingS of 50 words · poSition wanted " or 'posl\lon offered" listings -

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Bo~

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0'.....,.,.. • ATTORNEY JOBS : Indlspanubl' monINy job-~ buletlo Iistiog 500800 current jabI (QDVerrm.."t, pri¥aIe

_ . p.t>k~ , RFPlo...,;l '-11'1 _rdI 0pp0rt\.nIIeI1of .nom.ys III II levels 01 In W,,"~lngton . DC, I'IIItoowlde arid abroad. Order !lie National and F..:I..al L...,..I EmplOy· menL Report I.om: F""",al Reportl. 1010V_A.......... K'N.SulIe . . . AB. Washinglon. DC 20005. $39-3 months; ~ months. I'honI (800) 296-9611, VOIaIMC.

"''''''iene.

• REFERRAL ATTORNEYS: Wanled by IhoI Ioremosl nllIonIl I<IminisLnJIOr 01 ~id legal pIwII 10 panic:ipfotl In • stili,"", 11110"., ,eIenII ~ No ~Oll 10 partK:lpltl . All a,eas 01 law nllded. Allo . need bilingual Span. ~nglisI1. Call ClJdwotil L"9"I, USA. 101·1." al 1·800-222·3035 10 '~II' or lot...",.. InIormaIion. • COMPLIANCE ANALYST: L.wy •• "..ired for Com~larocto A",,!yI1 poIi. lion . Primary dUll .. : deve lop policy language. lubmU policies to Itl" lnIurllfOOl doupartrnIo'Ila. review Idver· Iiaing. dimcl ca ..... oc. _ cn.ngong laws. Salary range: S25.(l(l().S37.ooo. iMplnding upon quahlicaHonl and experWoroce. ~Iill inch""': medic:al Insu.ance. (O I (k). calete.ia planl.

TI[E AlAllA.'!A

~WVER

InquiIIM ca.Lde<otiaI. Send ......... 10 Larry HLqIM. Secrelary. Loyll Anal-

"., Lila ............ Company. P.O. 8m! s.os. MOOiIe. Alabama 36661).(1({18. • HEALTH LAW ATTORNEY; Alacare _ HtIoIt'o SeMoes. Int .. • Madicare cetLiILId home CIQ ageno;y. II ~ seeking QUeLilild candi4aIH tor 1tIe fl"'iIIon 0Iin-hause • ~ TNs posiIiotI raQIhs the irdvIct.oeI 10 pol. Still a JurII Doctorate and be Iio::ensed tQ ptIoCIIoe In the Stall 01 Alabama. ThiIo e~

aondidattl ...- ......... xten..... '" iCOi11 " " and ....... oc. In man-

agng ........," banIfitI. irIdoO'og but not IimiIIod 10, ERIs.\. .ell (Ie) f8Iiternent opIionI and ESOP, Prior ............. in toealth·ralated law is prelatrad, E>:peti· """" In goII'IIQII and oorporatl 1aJ<ation hiItoIy ....[ _ . We oller an atlrac!iwo

saa..y ca .....".lJtlIWi

""'" ...... ieoocto and a ca.""....... banIfitI ptd<!OgIt. To WI' MfIIl« '''''....,...,. ......... ''' Alacarl Home Health SaMen, Inc .. Dopa_I 01 HIman ReIourt:eI. 1!045 Hoove. Coun. Birmingham. Alabama 35226. F..,. (205)978-0000. EOE

• LAW LlBRARLt.H:

Hoo~

County Llw Lib<ary. Slllry com""",· SUiltttl with "perlance, Please provide •esum. 10 E. Cuili' Hughll . J ... Bredlly. "'Inl. RoSli & Whit •. 200 Cllnlon Av.nue. Wilt . Suna 900 . HooIs-MI. Alabama 35801 or Presiding.kodgl C. L~ SmitII. Madison County CourtI-oouse. Hurola .... AIaba· rna 35801 .

SERVICES • BUSINES S VALUATIONS : P.olu· sioN!. IiX:IJnIte. !IIlJ>PC>IWIIt buslooss valuttlQn. 10 assist you, clienls In

alL-alning the baSI possible banelill . Contact ~mIi ' l pr....... bulinlu valualion II'm : Wllllaml, Taylo, & Aclon. P,C .. 2 1'0 Eleventh Av ........ Soolh. Suite (00. Tile Pari< Building, Blmolngham. Alabama 35205. PIoQna (205) 930-9111 Of (800} 87'-&.52. • DOCUMENT EXAMINER : Enmlna· don 01 Ouaslionad 00cu,,*,1a. C.ni. lied Forenllc Handw.iting Ind Doeumenl E. lmln ... Twenly ·.lghl )'IItS

el<parianca In .. loranllc dof;u-

CI'oeI a.-tlone .. Documenl Analylt . USA C~mln.1 Inveiligalion Leborator;e • • Oiplomate {c.rtlfoeel)-B.itlsh FSS. OIp!omala (certiliad}-ABFDE. Mem · bar : ASQDE: IAI: SAFDE: NA CDL. Rllume Ind III IC hedule upon ~ Hatq Mayer Gidion. 218 ...... • rymonI Oriwe. ""9011a. ~ 30901. I'honI (706) /lll(l-.t2fl7.

rnen1 probleo"l. Fonnartr.

• FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINA · nON: HandwrIting. typewriting. alt,,,,, documenll. medical .oteo.dl. willi. contraas, _ . etIIcks. anonymoua latle... Court·qualilie<!. Sav.nteen years•• ..,..ieoOCl. C8rtifiacI--ArM Borortl 01 For""" Oocument E..-mln. er•. Member- American SOCi8ly 01 Oue.tioned Docum.nt Examln .... American Academy 01 Forenllo;: $ci· ance., Soutl>alliem Association 0 1 Foransoc DocunanI E>:anWIarI. c;Mj. nil andcMIman.<a. Ca""'l' &Hammonel Forentlc Oocumanl LlbO<atory, 5855 Jimmy Carter Bouleverd . No,· Cf<>a (A1LanlrI). G.otvIa 30071. I'honI (770) (16-7690. F. . (770) 416-7689.

_,c/'I

• LEGAL RESEARCH : legal 1>eIp, Exj;;aoieooced ,nomay,..- 01 AIIbIIrna State Btl. ainc:e 1977. AocIU lo.tate law 1i~lry. WESTLAW Iv,iI.

NOVEMBER 1995 / 387

able, Prompt deadlll'l8 searches. Sarah Kathryn Farnell, 112 Moo,," Building, Montgomery, Alabama 36104. Phone (334) 2n-7937 . No repmseniallM is made /hal 1119 quality 011119 legal ser· vices 10 /)j/ perform«J 1$ greal'" //Ian Ih6 quality '" / e g a I _ performed by _ 18..,...".. INSURANCE EXPERT WITNESS : 880 lail!> ~'" cfaims. OrIgin and cause consullantlexperl, Ucensed adjuster lor 29 yea",. Cerlijied lire and el<Pk>slon Invesll~tOlr.nslructor. Inoesttga· tloe and Fire ConsultaHve Serv~s , Inc .. 3258 Cahaba Heights Road , Birmingham, Al abama 35243·1614. Jim Posey. presldenl. Phone 1·800· 59HI204. Fax (205) 9ElH521 . • EXPERT WI TN ESS : Mobile home expert witn8S$. Twanty yeal"$' a.pen· enca in mobile home InduSlry. Five y031"$ as consultanl a>n<:&ming mobile home litigation. Resume and f ae scnedule upon request Bill Hoppe, P,O. 80x 154, Jac ~ SOI1's Gap, AIaba· ma 36861 . Phone (205) 825·8(l27 01 (205) 825--9210 (oHice). • MEDIATOR: AMa Lee GlaWna announces the I<>rmlltion 01 Mediation $elutions, Inc" wtIidl provides privole mediation sel'Vic9s In civil end lamlly caseS and ,J(we IOps and implaments cuslomlzed coni lict resolution pro· grams and traioing lor empIoyal"$, bus;. nesses , school. , communities. and chu'ches . Mailing addrass; P.O. Sox 59486, Birmingham, Alabama 35259. Phonol (205) 328·9111 . Her law ~

lice will continue under Iho namo 01 MrIII Lee GiaWna. No mpresenlaliorl Is mada Ihal II>. quality of Ille lagal sarvlCBs 10 ba performed is lI,aala, /han 1119 QlJlllity at fflgal """'"""'" pe,' formed by _ 18..,..."..

DOCUMENT EXAMINER : Carlill ed Forensic Oocumant Examiner, Chlal docu""",t a><llminer, Alabama Depart· menl ot Foransic Sciences, 'ell red . American Soard 01 Forensic Dcx:urnent Examiner., Amorlc an Academv 0 1

Forensic ScIancas, Arnar'rnn Sociaty 01 Ouestioned Dcx:urnent Examiners. Over 20 years' e....,nence in state aoo teder· al courts in Alabama . Lem ar Miller , 11420 N. Kendall Drive , &l ita 206·A, Miami, Florida 33176. In BiflTlingham, phone (205) 988--4158. In Miami, phone (305) 2744469. Fax (305) soo.2618. MED I CAL FACILlTV MANAGING EXPERT: AllminlstralOl with 25 yea",' expel'iance ""Ming hospitals , e.tended car h.cifitles, rehabilitation centers. ratlremam centors, and dOnlcs. EJnen. siva experience In medOcai mafpractlce caSH. Ph.D. In Ilealtt\ administration. Phone (919) 929·t885. • TRAFFIC ACCIOEHT RECONSTRUCTION: case evaIuaIio<l pefiormed with respect te issoos. N<H:ost Pfe1imillary assessment 01 cese viability . Bae~· grl)UI'Id incIu::Ies tecIY'icaI and C(I<IVI'II.ri. ca~on. s~ ill., a<lversarial experienca and Iegaf process familiarity. Evidence evaluation and accident arllllysis, Pro. lesslonal enOln""r. Technical society member. Traffic acciOe<>t Investtgation training. Toastmasters, Industry 0,01,

Volunteer Opportunities The Alabama State Law Library is in need of docents to help give tours of the Judicial Building, Monday through Friday, 8:30 - 4:30. If you are interested, please phone (334) 2424347.

pcsiIIons. In business since t992. C8lf 10 dlscu... your ca""s. Jolin E. Rein· han:I. P.O. Box 6343. Huntsville, AIaba· ma 35824. Phone (205) 837.6341 . • EXPERT WITNESS : Pfolass ional engineer with 30 vaars' experience In engineering and construction of 90'" emment, Industnal and powar projects. Also, qualilied as arbitf81O//medla1O/. SpecIal member 01 Alabama State 88r. Call Of write 10' resume and leos: Roger C. Allen, 3904 Jackson Boole· Yard, Birmingham, Alabama 35213. Phone (205) 871-4973. No raprasenta· lion Is made Iha' the QlJlJlity 0I1h61aga1 servic6S to lui perlormed is greater lhan Ih6 quality 011"9"1 services per. formed by o/h6f 18"')'<1rs • EXPERT WITNESS: Vocational dis· ability and wage loss analysis, WoO;· ars' Compensaliot1 and pers<:lf>8llnjury, Ch arles L. Wa ldrup , CRC. LPC , 3 OfIice Park Clrcfa, Suita 305. 81""'ng' ham , Alabama 35223. Phone (205) 87!J.7S04. HIOO·844·1089. • INSURANCE EXPERT WITNESS: UtI· {;!Iticn S<.wort seMcas lor delendanl!! and plslnlills, specializing In property • cawahy and marine. Twant\Hive yea"" expeoleooo& as agent, broker and teachet. E & 0 a s.pecially. Will travel. CV on req..es1. Mali< B. Rosen, CPCU, 401 Bryan Circle, Soult!, Brandon , Florida 3351H1034. Phone (813) 68&1110.

FOR SALE • lAWBOOKS, Save 50 percent on your lawboo~s, Call National Law Aesoutal. America's targest lawbook!; duler. Huge Invenlorles. l owest prices, ExceUenl quality. Salistaclion guara~!aad . Ca ll us Ie sell your unneeded books. Need sheMng1 We ...1 new, !>rand rlllrne, ~ and wood shelv ing at dl$count prices . Ffee quOtes. 1..a0Q.279.77Q9, National Law Resource. • LAWBOOKS, William S. Heln & Co., Inc.. ..,rving the legal community 101 ovar 8(l years, We buy, self, awalse IIJ lawt>ool<s. Send want lists to: Phonol 1-800-49&-4346. Fax (7 t 6) 883-5595. LEATHER BRIEFCASE : Large, bur· gundy briefcaseJ"mpie kitlllight case, ope'" al1Op, unused. Iil<a I'I8W. Phone (334 ) 16690' (334) 634·3200. Win Johnson,

388 / NOVEMBER 1995

THE: AlABAMA LAWYER

Quidd What's The Value Of Your Client'sCompany? TUE IRS (OR A OEI'AIt'nSG ~AJt1'l<,"EIl OR .'IOON-'ro-IE-ElC-st'OI.5E OR TIlE EXIX:U1'OI! OF TIlE U'TAT£)

w"'....,., AN A."S\\'fJl RI(;IIT AWAY .....;0 \\lU. NOT lOOK IUNDI.r ON A IlfSI"ONS~ OON'TAlNING TI lti WOIUJiS • M'PHOXl.'dATEU" AS!) "1lOUGIILl'".

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IIAVE FOUR ClltTItlfJ:) V,o\I,J.IATION ANALlYJ'5 ON rER.\lASFNJ" STAt..,. A.'';[) 1lA.>;K.lN(; IN TIlE TOP' EIGI IT PfJICENT OF /ICIXlUNJ1N(; ORG\.-';I7.o1'f1OSS NATlm.....'DE ~>; QUALItY Of CUf1'oT Ilt:P'OIrlS. •

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