Lawyer 9 85 web by Alabama State Bar Association

'~t Union Bank, Ire rrork hard to

earn your trust. " -Henry A. Leslie

President and Chief Executive Officer

Unio n B:mk works closely wit h m a ny ;\(abama ;L!1 01n1.")'S in the admin ist m tion of tlUsts ,md esta tes.

Ou r investment cap ab ili ties have in cmased d m m alica lly in Ihe past yeat" by th e ad d it ion of a stale-of-lh e-.u1 camp u!el;zed system . As Alabama's largest independent bank, we conl l'Ol all o ur in~tmen t processingwilh in the 'lh ls! Dep,u1menl lo assure constan t iltte ntion and com plete confidentiality fOI'your' clien ts. We invite YOllI'questions ,Iboul Un io n /l.1.nk's 11,\151 setvices. O UI' experienced Hus! ofliccl's will be glad to discu ss any bu siness, flllan ciaj OJ" ad m iniSlr'llive iIS]>ect of th e scrvices we plUvid e.

60 Co mmerce Street Mon tgomery , Al,lixuna 36104

(205) 265-8201

J out our publications for the Alabama attorney

'--

"""~'" ::;"

Any two (2) book .................... .......................... $94,% Any th.N (3) boon ....................................... , $137,95

Crim inal Offe" • .,. a nd De t"". ... in AI.bama by Jobn J . Chi..k.... Nichol ... 1... Ch i., . ... J r. a nd Keith W. Veigu. Jr. with Richard L ~'" Crimi .... T r iat Praeliee by Nicholaa L Chiarku, Jr. ",·jlh Cindy Mor."

Any four (4) boob .......................................... $ L19.95 AllY five (5) boob ........................................... 1209.95 Ally Ii i (6 ) boob ............................................ 5249.% 01l 1l1l1l1'01I)I

"P!'Io-tt.

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Harr" Cr im ina l T ri . l l'ra.,liee Form. by Nichol... I .. Chi • • ku, Jr.

Alabam a La w or Dam a g et by Chode. W. Combl .. and Donald E. Corley

Di vtl r ce. Alim ony and Child C" .tod y by Robert L. McCurley, Jr. and Penny A. Davia

....

Wo rkme ..•• Co mp .. n •• liOD

by J lck B. Hood . Benjamin A. Hardy. Jr. and E. J .

Llmltatl o n a o f A c l;OIIi. by T imothY Hoff

C;.ylS ... ...n;p

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Si«No' .....

TIIf; }'.: { II11 IIIIISON m iliaNI', 1'f//lJ,/sm:HS

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The Aluhurtlll

awyer

,-_-.. . .-

THE SEPTEMBER

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Pitfalls of Preparing Deeds Con veying Oil and Gas Interest s - pg. 236 Thecontinued grow th of the oil and gas industry in this slate has magnifi(..J the need for exercising great care in prep.1ring oil and gas ronVCyanL-es.

On th e cover New bar l)resid~nt North was phO" tographed for t he co"cr of this is~ue in the board room of the Birmingham Bar Association.

1985 Con ve ntion Highligh ts - pg. 244 Thc 1985 Annual Meeting of the Alabama Stat~ Bar proved to be both infonnative and entertaining. Details in pictures inside.

1985 ISSUE IN BRIEF

(OlT A - "l\' OW" P rovid es New Inte re s t -1)g·26 4 IOLTA has pre>,>,,,n 10 be a beneficial program in mher states. Is II ripe for instllut;on Itl

Alab.~ma?

Ins ide This Issue l'rc'llidcnt'~ Pag~ EXc'(ull\'~

, .... 2:!l:1 [)"c'(!(... ·~ flepurt . . . 2lY

l!.ar Bril'f~ ... 2:;1 About Mffilb..'fS. Among firms_ B.a. Comm,,,,,1O<Ie1"S E!«Ied

"''''''est

CI.E ~ewf 19115-86 Com nlllll'eS and Task fon:n; oIlhl.Alabama Slate Il.ar

The Young Judge

- pg. 260

CU'; Ol'llOnunll 1<'S Ih:hnll the Clrcull s

Judge J. i'lU5S('U McElroy ;s a JUlist well·reno'.,ned ;n It'glIl circles.Hls met · t Ie was teslOO at an carli...,. slageo( hIS

&.I

Younl/l.aw)'ers' SectlOO . .... 271 l.<'gl slauve \\I1'11\>"up

judicial career.

Tape !'!ecorthnj; OPIn'0I1 i-tt'rollslckrro ,

. ... . . . A ll Yo u Wllll tcd 10 Know

About JO lTA But Were Afr a id \0 As k - pg. 26 7 "'1an)' .Ial.,. haw In,muted pr.... grdtn s 11,1 alio,,' accrual uf mtereol un tawse, [ru.! al'CO\lnl~. JI"" would th .. l"'<'II"'''' (~"'I<II"lr iml'aI~<I ; n AI"bmna?

l'loo:m Occisions ... D,s.:,pionary Il<'porl . -', In MelllOfiam

Cla ssilk<is

_. l TJ

, ... 27,1 . .... 275 '- _281

"" ""

GJ)resideqt's GJ-age A Little Extra Special Something NORTH "1 hI'" a high opi~ion of law~r._ With all thr" faults. lhty stock up ...en against those in evtry otheT =up.oliM or prof"". aion. They Jr. be"et to ..-ark with.or play with. or fight with.or drink with than mos, othe, vari","", of mankind:" Harri"", Tweed. O<Cepl i no: t tw. prHidencyof the bar 01 the City 01 New

York - May 10. 1945 [t is a pleasure [0 wr;le this first reporllO you. I 10\1e lawyers. and t love

our bar. You have honored megreatly, and r pledge (0 you my best efforts during the coming year. Thcreareatleast !wothings I wanl uS to focus on this year. First. [wam us 10 try 10 improve the public image of Our profession. Sec(md. I wanl uS to

bring toa conclusion as many as possi· ble of the varied and important tasks yourcommitteeand task forcemember-s already have undertaken. By improving OUr public image. [do

not mean to attempt to make e,-eryone like us. That is impossible, ii"en the Mture 01 the role we play in society, but wecan make an ellon \(I bring into sharper focus what it is we dG and what an indispensable function law, yer. perform in our free country . In an excellent article in a recent edition of The Nol;oll(1l Low Jountol, Milton V. F"""man of the Washington . D.C .. Bar suggests '"the private la",yer's func· ti()lls are essential to maintaining our kind of free society.'" Fre<!man also QUGtes our Gwn Justice Black's statement that the right to theassistance of private counsel is "deemed necessary to insure fundamental rights of life

and liberty.'" johllS()n o. arbsl, 304 U.S. 458. 462 (1938) In this regard. I do not share the fear of Derek Bok. president of Harvard University, that too many 01 OUr finest minds are going into the legal profes· sion . He suggests this migration 01 talent creates a drain 00 the sciences. the humanities and education , But what can be wrong with devot i11R a signifi· cant amount of the nation's wealth of human reSOUrres tG the greatest sys· tem Gf justice the world has e,'er known? We lawyersareproblem solvers. That is our education. and that is ou r experience. We creat ively address the complex CCO!lGmk, social and JI(>Iitica l di lemmas Gf Our nation. And we need not apologi~e for the fact that sometimes we arc paid well. FOT it was the lawyers' entrepreneurial spirit that made irodu 5t ry prot cct ive of t he en viron· men!. brought responsibility and ac· countability to the securities markets and to the manufacturers of products which are destructive 01 human life and limb. Likewise, the lawyer serves to defend against irresponsible and ex· tremist claims. So long as we are unfetter"" in the conduct 01 our varied practices. the free market of ideas and ideals will insure a stahle and prosper· ous society. Rather than President llok's alarm al>aut too many lawyers. I fear a nation of tl'Chnocrats, specialists of too nar· row scope. who woold sul>ardinate in· dividual freedom to the bureaucratic process. That will not happen to this country as long as we ha"e a free and

independent bar. This is the single mGSt important function we perform. We are Ihere to aid the individual and the helpless in challenging powerful and entrench"" interests. panicularly our gQvemment. In fact, the pri,'ale lawyer was ",ritten into the United States Constitution as the defender of the people against gQvcmment ovpres' sion. [remind you we are theonly prof.-ssion mentioned in that great mani. festo of freedom. One apprehension [ do have and would like to share with )'OU is my pero::ption Gf the lawyer's diminishi1lR role in public life. Pretermitting fOT the moment our lessen"" mfluence in 1he nationa l gQvernn'ent. I see an even greater dang~.,. at the local level. At the time I began my law practice. lawyers were thedominam loro:: in both houses Gf Our legislature. Today few lawyers sit in Alabama's 1I0use 0/ Representa · tives. and lhereare only slightly more prnctici1lR lawyer.; in the Alabama Sen· ate. I.awyers. by their educatioo and traini1lR, are uniquely qualified tosc,,'C ()Ur state and nation in a legislative capacity. and thequality of Gur legisla· tures suffers when "..e areabsent from the legislative halls. The only way to correct this problem is for us to en· courage each member of our profes· sion, particularly our young lawyers, to become involv"" in public affairs. To be sure, it can constitute a financial sacrifice. but oflselling that is the Gil" portunity to sen'e yGur state and COUntry. (Co~li~..,J on fIWIe 2.10)

~xecutive

<Director's GIWport HAMNE R

Red-Letter Day/ Convention Critique October I. 1985. should be. "red· letler" day for e~ery ptrSOn adm.ned \0 the Al3oom3 Slale Bar. On Ih.sdale every lawyer becomes subject \0 Act No. 85·119. Acts of Alabama, Firs! Spo.-<:iat Sc$sion. 1985. approved February 5, 1985. Tile act amends §4Q.ll-l9, Code rI Alabomor(l975) thai provides for tile purcllasoe of an annuallicmSO! 10 practice law. Until il WaS approo.'ed, most lawyers ~jo)-ed a C\O'o.rear uemptlon foilov.·'1lg their admission 10 \I11lClice. The act abolished all exemplions tJt· cept for the lime frame bet .... een daleof admilision and 1he first day 01 October

Ihereafter. As a practical maLler.1 host: pel'1Orl! admi ned in early spring 101·

k,wmg the Ftbrual)' bar exam enjoy this exemplion. SUCCl'SSfu\ July n,a. m,n_ admitted in lale September are ~pI until OclobeT- I.

The license fee also was mcreaSofd fr(lm 5100 10 $15(1, You should o~ain

your license from the probate jud~ 01" license commissioner in the county wherein you practice law. You can purchase lilt license in any county; hOVo·e,·er. sinct ~h presiding judil! '1 furnished a lis! 0( CUrrt11! licfflSl't!! af· !er thtOctober3 1 de3dline. you wwld be ...·ell adviSfd to pun::h;ise within yourcircun. Your failurt !oPUn::hase a license can sutJ;ecl )'Olt 10 a cha~ 0( " practicing law withoul a license." Clienls art done a disservice if you at· temp! 10 repr~nt them wilhou! a

liceno;e.

Those not engaged In ICIIv-t. practice or e xempt because 0( a public office currenlly held a~ IUbj«t !o §M·l-17 a ndlor §34-3- 18, Vlde u/ Ilia /t.-J 11111 (1975 l. and their special membership fee is paid directly !o the state bar within the same Oc!ober 1031 tune frame. That f~ is now S75 under the provisions of Act No. 8:).119. Not all prob;,!t jOOaes send remind· ersof linonses dut. Our offICe hov:e-.'er will bill those Special Members cur· rently on our rolls. and we will remind all formerly exempt membcrs of thei r new obliga!ions. PI~aseconsider thisa bar·wide reminder Ilu!emenl. We will sc:nd Specia l Membcrshill cards !Q those remitting $15 fees and "'allet -sizto duplicates of 19i6-86licmses to those s ubnlllt'llJI: photo,:wies of lie· U,'t Iicfflses .ssued locally. I debated using pan of this spaoe 10 again di!ICUss this linonsillll issue. HOVo" ever. the new acl. plus Ihelact we had over 400 delinquents after Ihe October 3 1. 19$.t, deadline. prompted this "reminder," October l. 1985. should be Y""rred·leller day. Can"", if you haye any questions regarding your memo bership stalUS. '"Can we lalk?" - JOlIn Ri,'ers The Huntsville COfwcntion is history. but illelt 5evtn'll puulingques· lions. I g<:nuintly would aW. co;iale ht'aring from those who registered for

IIv mftting as ,,'dl n lhose who did not comel(lllunl$vill~. WecooSiamly a rt l .-yl ng 10 ensure! hal our meeting IS Int ..... esting, fun and affordable. Cer' lain events at this year's meeting a~ de-servll1¥ of some Ihorough " Monday momingquarteroocking," I would like to Iotar your IhoughtS. Consider this: 6 1 ~ I....·r.... ~.ltud:458o/ I~IR' I'fII1>ttud. rtc alltnciallOl' 0/ ...'ft'J e>TIIl , ... ,.. ... bo;canllally be\oIo- prt'\'1OII. roaurts.

Only the Smeh and Bar lunchooo1 Ill' po_lied nrhr. allendallOl' \ro'tll. l.a51 do-ssert pany ...·ua ... I_t; Ih" y~ar "'e IlOl only falifd 10 mft"l our jC\Ia.. nlN by SO. bul ooly 200 holders 01 IiQffiI' 300 lick",. IIIIrchaS<'d .ho,,·1'd Uj>. Tho "1l'N Band" ..ai"1'd r",'. nolie6 from tl\olw ... ho dod I'Onicil'Ot~. T ho S~ Cml ... ~ion fnlur/'d a IU»f1' .paoe dome "'""' .... I be btsI 'e-'" food tKCW'dIIlllIO I~ preoo:n.1. an Inl~lna faallly and f~.ra_a"on.)'fl "'1' had lho ......1""'- rtttpliM ""-'d 51Il0l' ~ $Iani'd 1ui""1lt hnvy buff... 1'1'OtIII"""'. TIIC' alumni function •. I'OnlCUlariy lhe Cumbtrlandand Alabama lu...rn.on .....ffe Ql'f .ubollanlially from prior alltnd.ollOl'

)'OIl.',

roWUI'bI.

All """iol ~"tn" '.... re .ubokhI«! from I/I'ncral """~nllon. ,..,..'en...s. No Ikktl 10 a olllt ba.·.ponsortd "'tnl ""~ tho at· 1...10301_ Each ..... a I.... barpln. 1 " '10 .u<pnKd 11 lho gmmolly iPl'NO all..nobIlCTQI'law~ lrom lho arta In Ind around ltun"""1e and "","h 0/ Birmillll' luim . ..,..ally. Hunt"'ille'u"'icunltrll In MIni laclhly In "'hid! 10 lui". I ton·

'"""on. The .""",;eo luncheon ....... 11'd II~

10m/j"owl .~ p«# 280)

Trcsidcqfs

Tagc

(From /101(' :a/J!

w" as lawyers ha"e many item s on our 3g«nda which transcend n3rr()y.' economic interests. and a united front on this broader agenda can help all law}'ers. I here am talking about the selection and relenlion of judges. funding for our courts (including a new apIlO'liale judicial building), pay for judicial personnel and funding lor indigent defense and legal seT"ices \0 the poor - all more encompassing issues al[{'(ling a ll segments of the bar. On these issues. the bar should speak as one. We can be a powerful force if we

are tOgether. As slaled above, the serond major thrust of "'I' efforts during the next year will be to attempt [0 complete SOme of the important lasks already being undertaken by the members of your bar. Anyone who attended Our oommittC<! breakfast at the annual C<)nvcnlion had to be impressed with the breadth and scope of your b<lr's activitics. Your 1985Annual Con"ention wasa great success. Thanks are due to Rill Grilfin, president of the Hunt svilleMadison County Bar Association, the Hunt sville Bar Auxiliary and all the Huntsville lawyers and their wi,·cs for outstanding hQSp;tality. In addition, Walter Byarsand Reggie Hamner pra. vided a superb program , and Bob Meadows and the Young Lawyers' Section put on a fine. well·attended CI.E pra. gram. Yourcommittees and task lorces were well·represented at the Friday morning breakfast and ha"c already organi:red and are off to a running start. Friday morning Judge Val McGe<:, Walter Price and MikeConaway were responsible for an excellent presentation 00 LawyeT Alcohol and Drug Abuse. This program was extremely informa· tive about a delicate and emotiona l s ubject. Until recent ly this was a problem generally swept under the rug. but it isreal and must beadd ressed. Under Judge 1I1cGee's leadership a non·profit foundation has b(.'en formed to provide help to lawyers with chemical dependency problems. That foundation will

undoubtedly be calling on us for our financial support, and I hope the b<lr will respond. Rowena Crockerof Birmingham has been chairman of a task force studying the implementation of an lOLTA (In· terest on Law yers' Trust Accounts) program in Alab<lma. Rowenaand Reggie Hamner arranged for Pat Emma· nuel. president of The Florida Bar (which has one of the country's most s uccessfu l 10LTA programs). to explain the way 10l.T A works. Pat spoke Friday morning in Hunt s,·ille. and he made five telling points in favor of 101.T A: Florida has raised Over S7 mil · lion dollars from its 101.T A program; it does not cost your clients a penny; the money can be used lor worthwhile pr0jects: if you do not have such a pra. gram. the bankers get the money; and the individual lawyer's participation can be entirely voluntary. [hope during this year your bar commissioneT'li will appro>'e a voluntary 10LT A pra. gram for presentation to our supreme COUrt. During the Saturday morning program David Boyd of Montgom ery was presented with the state bar's Award of Merit for the splendid job he did in working with Robert Potts and the board of bar e~aminers in devising an impf'O\/ed statistical way of scoting the bar examination in order to insure its fairness and uniformity. Fi~e retiring barcQmmiss\oners were presented with certificates of appreci· ation for dedicated service. They were Harry Gamble of Selma. Bruce Sherrill of Athens. Richard Hartley of Green· ville, Warren Lightfoot ofBinningham and Huel Love of Talladega. Your board of bar commission"'" is an ex· tremely talented and committed group of lawj'ers_ They give unstinting!y of their time and talents. and we all ()\O'e them a great debt of grat itude. We are continuing our efforts to reo pair the damage caused by Revenu~ Ruling 84·108. As reported in the May 1985 issue of Th~ Alabama {",wyo'. this ruling su bjeclS all awards and settlements undertheAlabama Wrongful Death Statute to federal income tax -a result contrary to past practice and the clear language of §104 (a) (2) of the Internal Re"enuc Cooe. On July 3 1. 1985. we attended a

meeting in Washington with theCom· missioner of t he Internal Re"enue Ser· vice and his staff to discuss the unfairne-ss of the JRS's current position and possible solutions to the problem. Sena· tor Howel l Heflin organi:red the meeting and acted as its moderator. The meet ing a lso was attended by Senator Jeremiah Denton and Congressmen T om Bevi ll. Sonny Ca\\ ahan. Ben Er· drcich. Ronnie Flippo and Richard Shel· by. All th~ membeTll of the Alabama congressiooal delegation have been active;n encouraging the IR S to change its position and were most supporti"e at the meeting. After a few enlightening remarks regarding the case law on wrongful death suits in Alab<lma, Senator Heflin all()\O'ed me to present the bar's basic position on this matter. RobCouch and David Wooldridge of the Birmingham B3r ably outlined the technkal legal b<lsis of the state b<lr's position. Alex Newton and John Haley of Birming· ham commented on the basic inequ ity of the IRS's position to Alabama wrong. lui death plaintiffs (particularly widows and orphans). The commissioner agreed to keep the lines of dialogue open with the Al ab<lma Congressional Ddegation and the Alabama State Bar in an attempt to find some middle ground. Failing an administrath'e resolution of the problem. the congressional delegation has indicated it s willin~ness to submil leg· islation addressing the issue. I will keep you infonned of any developments in this area. 1.et me take this opportunity to thank Walter Byars not only for t he great job he did as your president. but also for involving me as president -ele<:t in every aSJlOCt of the acti"ities of your b<lr. For e xample. I ha"e had the benefit of at· tending e"ery meeting of your board of b<lr rommissioners. your Committee on Governance. your Committee on Long·Range Planning and a number of otMr committee meetings.l also have attended meetings of the Southern Conference of Bar I'residems. the 1\'a· tional Conference of Bar Presidents. the Midwinter and Annual Meeting>; of the American Bar Association. theJudicial Conference of Alabama and the (u,"li"1<M OJ! page ;:33)

~< .. 1Itr

1985

<>Bar <>Briefs .ional. ""bllC and p.....att coreeII.. dtmon.l",t'" outstandlllg dod· "",t .... 10 lhe w.lla~ oflhe O)m. munlty. the traclol"",S <I. the proI~ and the """ntHIIIIlOe and .J'.. noemml oilhe oI¥o .. es cl lhe Amman Uar AliiOaI.u"".··

Fred Gm)' be comes p re s i_ den t of the N:ll iona lBar }\ ssocinlio n ~'red I). Gr;oy 01 Tusk~ has beffi instalLed 35 presodffil 01 the Kanonal Bar ASS(ICl3.II0n at ils annual metting in Chicago. Al the tradilionRl Cffemony Jul\' 26. 1985.

Gray assumoo the

I~h,p

The Fdlows of tilt American B.ar Foundation ....JS e5ublished 30 years ago as an organitatton of more lhan 2.000 members of the l£glll profession encouraging and supporting the ..... search program of t he American Bar

thIs nat_a! OIlI3""'ation. founded In 19'15 by and for I~ Nl'gr'O at·

lornl'YS of America. Gray ..... as 1"«' "I!n1lt'd for his ach,e~emelHs In hIS Pl'Qll'S~ion and for his outstanding re<.'OI'd. partICularly on the field of clv.l rlgh lS h tLJfdUOO. He also was rtlCq!:"u:ed for hIS COU, riblnions to the N31O(>n31 Bar A.sociallOO and its COIlsUtuents.IIa,·;ng sen:ed 01\ nrtuall)' every Important commit· ,...... of lhe aS5OCialion. Gral' is the 5('tIior partner in the fmn of CI'3)", Langford. SaW. Oa"~is and MMWCfl which maintamsoffict:s on both Tuskegee and MontgOmery. lie was one of the [,r>;( 1"0 blacks lu serve in Ihe Alabama 1~lSlature Sn)Ce the dill"S of i'(ccon'lruclIon. and In 1972 he rl'Ce,,'ed the Capila l l'rC!>~ Cor"" award as ocost orator in the Alabama Hou$('of ReprC$emati,·cs. Gray "'as tl\t, first alLorney for Dr. Martm [.utllcr King.Jr .. duro illl! the early days of the civil nghts lt1O\·emcnt. lie su.c:ces;;lul1}· handled a numbet-ollandmark ci,il rights cases, including the cues ,n,'oIvilll! the Mootgome»' oos 1.>0)"0)11: the Inlegralion of lhe Un'\"{'TSIlY of Alabama: the ,nil.'gratlOll 0( ,\ uoom Um,·ers.ty: the ""'JlIX>I1ooomem of the Alab:"ma l.<'li:is!aturt on tilt baSis of oneman. one-"~e: the Selma·lO· MontgQnlcry civ.1 rights march rl.'-

Foundation. ~ulilng m

fedenl ,'(Il1ng rlghls law8 and other cases of historic significance. I Ie al;;o was mSlru· ffiC1Ilal .n .n.llalm!: and Irying a class action agalnsl the United States whICh e-cntu.all)· resulted in a :IeItlcment totahng more Illan $10.000.000 for rural black males Injurtd as a rtSult oflhe Tuskegee S)'phihs Study.

T he American B.ar FOundation is an affiliate of the American Ba r Association and conducts reso:3n;h upon the operation of the law and legal insti\Uuoos.

lI a m ncr honored r ece nt ly Two recent honors helped make the month of July spe<:ial lor Alabama State lIar Executive Director Reginald T. ll amner. Hamner was electt'<!. by the Execu' li,-( Committee of the National Ass0ciation 0( lIar t:ucuti,·es. to the JlQ6i· tion of delegale to the HouSl': of Delegatesof the American Bar Association. In addtlion. he " 'U lIl"ited by the Board of o;r«l0f'5 of the American B.ar Foundation 10 become a Fellowof Ihe Foundation. Accon:Iing to the offi· cial invitation, "Seleellon as a Feltow of the Amer· ICIn Uar Foundation i. reo:enotlon of a lawyer asone wh<ls<- pro!es·

Gui n ~'PI)(>in tcd bar Cl<anllnc r

JUIllUS fO)' GUill. II I. has been appoimed 10 the Alabama Slate B.ar Hoard 0( Ilar t: lC.3m;ners and began h,s lour·year lenn inJuly. GUllltS a i"'du3\e 0( ])a"jd [.'pliCOmbCoIlege and the Un;,'cr' sity of Alabama School 0( la w. lie currently prnctices with the Tuscaloosa firm of Tanner and Gu in,

Slo"e, I'an, n , Gra n ade & Crosb y takts pleasu~ in announc· ;ng Da"'el G. Blac k b urn has beoome I member of I~ finn. and I ~ n;ome of the firm has ~ changed to Stone. P artin , Granade. Crosby & Bla c kburn.

&\bout Members, &\mong Firms

Willian. A. Jackso" and ' \nn Z. Amotd art pltased w announce the formation of a partner$hip in the name of J nck~on & A rnold for the general practice of law. Olfices are located at Suite 508. p1 Inde.,end"nee Plata, 8 inntllgham. Alaooma

35209. Phone 810-3641.

na .. k e ll , Sin ughter. Young & Lewill. P .A .• takt's ~SUT1! in an· noulI(ing Sa nd )' W. Mun' i" has become IS$OCiated with the firm in the practice of law . Offices are 10. tated at SOO First Nationa l Sout hern Natural Building. Bir· minWhflm. AI 300 ma 35203. Phone

251·1000.

About

I\1 cm~ rs

"oukk !'. !lul/ll cs is pleased to

Vera Moor announces 1M reloca· tion 01 hft" off;~ 10 Suite One. 2824 linden Avenue. Birm ingh~m. Ala· bilma 35209. Phone 870-41 [4.

lI " nry II . Cndd cll announces he is now engaged in the general prac-

tice of law in association with Thiry, Ma ples & Brunson. Offices art located al 19 L] Government

Stre"o,t, Mobile. Alabama 36606.

f'hont 478-8880.

Alabama 36202. Phone 237.{).128.

Jack '" M. Mc Dougal ;s pleased 10 announce hil relocation 10 new 0/fices for the practice of lawai 1817

Third Avenue. North, Bessemer. Alabama 350'& Phone 426-3000or 426-3]63.

Among Fir ms

lI orac,", Y. O'Nea l. Jr .• an· nO\lIlCH I~ relocatIOn of his off~ 10809 ~'rank Nelson Building. Bir·

mingham. Alabama 35203. 25 1·1870.

annountt lilt relocation of lIis office 10 Suite 408. Sol,llhT rust Bank S.uldllli. P. O. Box 2£2'7, Anniston.

Ma yna rd . Cool>'! r . Frierson & Gale.I'.C.• takes pleasure in an · nouocmg Kat h leen A. Col lier and Jamell 1_ Go)·e r . III . formerly as· 50dlles. ha,'e become members of the firm. and Jam es L Priester has joined the firm as an associate. Offien art located at Twelfth Floor Walli Building. Birmingham. Atallam a 35Z03. Phone 252·2889.

Tilt: law finn of l yons . •>'pes lind Cook lakes plus ... "" in an · nounc'ng Joscllh J . Minus. J r. , has bKomt as50cia ted with the firm and Will G. Caff(, )·, J r •• has joined the firm 3$ OO\JnRL Offices are l0cated at Two Nonh Royal Strret. Mobile, Al aooma 366(r1. Phone 432·4481.

Oe l\l e m & Wise takes pleasure in anooundng Donald E. Fa zekas has become associated with the firm in the &eneral praClice of law. Offi· ces are located at 555 South Pe-rry Stlft! . MontgOnlC'ry. Alabama

3610-1. Phone 834-8900.

The la w firm of Baxley. Beck, Dill ard & Dm't.hin is plused!(> announce I\. Dec lI ut .. lc r is now associated with the firm. Offices are located atll(l() 16th A" enue South.

Suile 304. Hirmingllam. Alabama

""".

Jam el' G. Clower and Ke ilh Walkinl' of lhe firm of Clower & Walkinl', of Troy. and George C. Douglas, J r " formerly sl a ff auor· ney witll Alabama ELecl ric Coopera· live. llI(" Andalusia. are plcased 10 announce lhe formalion of a firm for lhegmeral practicrof law under the nameofOowcr, W a tkin s & Dou,,· lal', with offICeS al 104 Soulh Hrun · didge Slrtet . P. O. Box 493. Troy. Alabama 36081. Phone S6&(l.IZ4.

joined the firm. OffICeS are located a l Court Square, Alexandorr Cily. Alaba"", 35010. PI\orN:234-2547.

SAVE~

• • •

USED LAW BOOKS The firm of lI aygood & Benson is pleasrn 10 8nnOOr>« William A. C leve land hall become a pa rtJlC!' in lhe firm. and t he firm ~me lias been changc!d 10 lIay good, Benson &. Oe'Veland. Offices """"in al 120 South !loss Strtet. Auburn, Ala· bama 36830. 1'hont 821.J892.

• • •

• west • lawy ... Coop • H.rrilOn • _ _ ~ . C"p •• a..... WE BUY _ SEll _ 11lADE

Law Book Exchange P. O. 80>1 17073 J adulonville, F'L 322 16

I ·8QO.325-60 12

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D. Cole man Yarbrough . for· merly of Jones. Murray. Stewarl & YarbrQUgh. I'.C.. and Edwa rd M . P a " cr'1lOn are pleased loanoounce lhe formalion 01 a partnership for lhe pDCticf: of law dfcctive Augus t I. 1985. under the firm name Yar. broul/h & I'at leTSon. wilh Qfficcs in Suile 1212. Union Ban k T ower. 60 COInnlerce Slreet. MCHllgomery. Alabama 3610-1. Phone 262.{i450.

The law firm of Figures &: Lud . good is pleased IQannounce Tho· mal' II. Jo'igures has bo:wme a member of Ihe firm . The name of I he firm has been changed 10 Fill ' orel', I. udgood & Figores. with Qffia:s localed al 2317 St. Stephens Road . Mobile. Alabama 36617. Phone

.,."".

T.l)odlcy !'en)' and Ric hard Y. Roberto! are pleasrn loannounce Ihe furma lion of IhciT firm for the gCI>CI"lI1 pnu:tice of law under t he nameof Pen)' & Robert ... OffICeS are located al III Washington Avenue. Montgomery. Alabama 36104. I'hont; 262·n63.

T he law firm of Radney & Mor. ris, I'. A .. takes pleasu ", in an· nouncing Randy S. Jl ayn eH has

11th Circuit Judicial ConfeTer>«. One year is a short lime 10 learn lhe ropes. and Ihis experience W~1tn- provided will be invalu~bIe. In Ihis same vein. 1 beI~ l hal we " - loovallLilbie a reSOUTa: not uli1ilif18 in some way tht: knowledge aI 001' immedi.lte pasl pres. ideniS. To this end. the board of bar commissionens has approved a change in 001' governance ~truct UTe 10 permit oontinuul service by our immediate past presidenl 011 the e~«Ulive oom· mittee allht: board. In lIunlS"il~. our bar commissionen; also took I wool III!I" important steps rrgarding goovemanoe. One was 10 recommend an illCf'eaSe in tht: represen. lation CHllhe board of bar comm;ssjun· en; for lhe more IJOIlUlous areas of the s tale. The olher WaS 10 recommcnd Iha\ yoor prcsidenl~Lect be ekcted by mail ballot . As I promised manyof you. I favored both cllarlgC$. primarily as a maUer of simple equily. Gary lIuck· aby of liunl5ville chaire:llhis impor· lanl oommittee, and he was most ably assisted by john Proctor of Srottsboro and lhe rest 01 the committee. Never have I seen a moruffedive. hardwork· ing groupof law~ from all over the st ate, big cil y and sma ll town lawyers alike. They. your board and Walter Byans ~ 001' thank$ for lhei r OIrd'uJ. mkcti~approach loa poten· lially sensitive llIob1etil . The bw~ oIlhe Stale a lso a", 10 be~ for "*<:Ii.-.Bill Sauggs of Fort Payne as your presidenl-elect. Bill brings unequaled experience and abilil y to Ihis !Xl$ition. lie will seT\'e you well. and 1am delighled [ wi ll have

the privilege of working wilh him . Thoe board of oommissionl:nt eLecled Harold Albritton aI Andalusia 15 vice pn::$idenl of lhe bar and the fQ!lowing commissioners 10 the enculi~ com· mittee aI the board: Phii Adams. 0pelika: Wade Badey. Dothan: Cary Huck· aby. lIu nlSville; John David Knight. Cullman: and Archie Reeves, Selma. They will provide fine lcadl:nship nexl

,..,.

Finally. I want toemphasiu: to you Illal your bar isjusl lhal; it is your bar. YOUI' offlOefS and staff WIJrit for you. We owe you dependable. courteous service We havean oulstandingstafi. lIowever. some aI you have VIlli ~ed COli..", II 10 me over occasions of seem· ing discourlesy or inallenlion. T o lhe e~lenl Ihat you n.oceive less Ih~n acceptable service from yoor officer1 or staff. I wanl 10 hear about it penon. ally. 1f you have 1egili""'tecomplainIS. I pramist to address them. In lhe s mall lown w~ I ..... Iftre:l. lhere wasa saying aboul_ one wlloenlerm tile legal professm. 11 was: "lie made a lawyer. " This was an honor accorded QI1ly one other pro(e!I' sion.medicinc. Thus.onc did not s imply bemmea doctor or lawyer. one "made" acxountanl, engineer. banker or whatever. This WIll not to denignle tho!Je honorabiecalliflllS. lt was$imply a lxil TlOJK'Iition cl lhe fact illook a lillieexlra s-pl'Ciaf ......nhi,. to"",ke. doctor or lawyer. ThaI is IlI1ly one: rea· son why lawyers always llave been and alw;ys will be somethi,. special 10=. 0 - James 1_ North

,In

The Essential Reference for Alabama Lawyers

CODE OF ALABAMA NOW WITH 1985 CUM ULATIVE SUPPLEMENT

The Co de o f Ala ba ma , published in

he Michie Company, law publ;,h ..... sin"" 1855, serves lawyers , judgt:S and Iq;islators

with ,{ale code publica. ions in sixte<:n states ami

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cooperation with the Alabama Legislative Council,;" fully anno{ated and indexed by The Michie Company', prof~ional staff of lawy ... â&#x20AC;˘

editors. The Code o f Alabama indudes collateral references 10 American law Reports, American Juri.prudence and Corpus Juris ~undum a. complete cross-ref..."n"",. The Gen .... allndex i. published in convenient,

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For custo mer service contact: JAMES R. SHROY ER P.O. Box 717 Pelham , A L 35!Z4 (20S) 326-9899

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Newest Bar Commissioners Elected Comm,ssoonets reelected to

serv<!

the Alabama State B>., Bo;.rd of Com_ ~ include WiIliiIm 0 Scruggs. J,,, 01 Fl. Payne .•ep..,sellt,ng the Ninth JOOiciai O...:",,;.Jot C. CoMS/ldy of En·

lerpnK, r~ewnllng the 12th =1; ludger D. ManinoiGadsdom, represent · "'9 the l61h Ci,cult; WIKle H. Baxley 01 Dothan, reprewntiog the 20Ih '",CU;I: L.

E. Gosa oIVernon, ~resennng 1he24th '''CW1; Ctwles R. Hare. Jr .. 01 i\Ibm. W1e •• epreseI1bng the 27lh omld: and John F. Proctor ol ScOlt~, 'epre$0ltmg the 38th circUIt.

Franci. n. Hare. Jr.. oomrnssooner !or the 100h J~ C.'cu'I, is a 1959 gfaduale 01 the Un<ll('rsoty 01 Virginia. where he receiV<:<! his law degr..." He wa5l>dmined 10 the Alabama State &IT ,n 1959. Hare isa ronnel presocknl o/t ..... Alabama ToaIlawyers A$$oc1auon and former ~ oIlhe AMocii>tion 01 Tnallawyers 01 Amon:a. SInce 1975. he at.o has worked as an associate pro/..slOr at Cumwland School of Law. He is marrll!d 10 the former Suzanne Balliet of Blrm,ngt,.,m, and they hlIve three chil. d,en, Franci5 H. Hare, 10; Catherine Hlo,e l.angIey: and Mar9o"eT Amelia &lIie1 Hare.

8 . Greg Wood, Com""SSIOne1 for II", 29th Judicial Crewl, born Al>gUSt 20, 1952, it , Talladeg.l Counly. wh<!re he

SIll resides. Wood fC!C.".,...,j an undo>rgrac:lullie degree ., 1974 "' accounting from Auburn Universoty Bnd a degree in """. cum Illude. trom Cumberland Uni· voerlllty three \"eat$l!ItET. He was admit· led ro rhe Alabama Slare Ba, in 1m. Wood 15 married to the Ionner Marchela lWoIey 01 Pel City, and they tw.e one ton, B. Gregory Wood. Jr.

Jimmy E. Ale""nde. , ~ lor the 39r:h Jud.c.al C"GUIt, was born in Bear Creek. AlabamD, A~st 8, 1939. He graduated f,om the Un"'ETsity 01 Alabama in ]96] and rhe u~s Khool 01 law In 1963. A1e .... nder is a Ioonwr po osidoo ,t 01 the lInesI""" Cwnty Bar ( 1964.(6) 2IrId a member 01 lhe board 01 dir""lors 01 the Athenl·limesI""" B.:.nk. He is ma, ried 10 the former Rose SchwIng 01 Birm,ngham, and they have two choldren. Eric and Tanya.

Au:h" T. Reev..., J . .. commissiono1'

for the Fourth JudicO!Ol Circuil, was born JUlle6. 1932, in Selma, He attended Da · vidson CoI~ and graduated t,om the Urownityoi AIabamIo. Reeves also grad ....ted trom the U""""IIIty 01 Alabama School 01 Law on 1956l1nd was admitted to rhe Alabama SU.I e Ba, I hat same year. He 15 a """'- pr06eCUtor lind municipal Judge for the city 01 Selma. Reeves 15 milrned 10 rhe fo,me, Anoo M. Smith of Monlgomery, and they have Ihree chu. d,HI: Arc ..... ADm and Edgar.

Je rry L Thornt on ,com~rtor the second ci,cuil, will born in G,eenvile, M_ppo . .lanuary 29, 1948. He graduated from s,,"""9iwn Soorhem CoIege in 1911 and lhe Univoe.slly 0/ Alabama School 01 law In ]914. Before I!Iltenngpriwte I"""'tice ,nJanuary 19n, 'Thornton seTVed as assislant dIStrict III· torney for lhe 10th Judiclill Ctrcuit.

Alabama law~ arf ITIOI'f li!rely to be asked to fln'1lIIrf or to revifw a deed affOCling oil and gas ;n~~ls ~oday than at any previoustinl<'. This sud· den irn:reasc of oil and gas transac~ions Te!lults from the expansion of uplora' lion and developmen~ activities for oil and gas across much 01 Alabama. Oil and gas deeds praent Pl'CUliar pr0blems. partly be<;au1>l:'01 tM many 110M' of an oil and gas transaction and p.1 r~ly bKause title dcl"<"CIs involving ~he oil and gas mineral es1a~e can be diffICUlt tOCUrl'. This article highlights WIle 01 ~M problems and dtfocts rom· monly occurring in mineral dtOOs and r«Ommtnds rrN'aSUrl'I tha~ ""ill aid IawyffS in avoiding lhole drafting problems. M in e ral Deed . I{oy ult y Deed Before a lawyer can ensurl' a client hasaddrnsed all thf:aspecu 01 a min· er;Il or royalty coo'""Yancr. tM lawyer must understand ~M various rights and privileges nsociatcd wilh thf, mineral estate.' Without that under· standing. the lawyer canllot prCp.1re instruments meeting thf: needs 01 tile chent and standing thf, $erutiny 01 lime. A temptingdraftllli approach is to classify an interest as a '"mineral Interest" or a "'roylaty ,nterest '" and to adopt Or modify SOf1\(!(KIe else's form f(Jr a "mineral deed"' or a "'TO}'~lty deed." The prudent lawyer (the kind errorsand omiS5ionsc;lrTim; like)use$ IhOle lerms and po&:I,blyOlh ....·s forms only ",,"h asolid understandingollhe r;lmifocations of each term. This en· ablellhe law}'er to r«OjJni~ Ihe par· ties' intention~ and 10 determine what the j)3.ties may ha'·eO\· .... \Qoked. Merely using a form "'mineral deed" Of "royl· aly deed'" wil hout lintt considering Ihf, vanous rightsand priv,~USQcia.tOO v,lIh a '"mine.." int .....t$!"· and a "'TO)" all y 'nteRS!"' can produce mullS Ihat nell her party to t he deed con templatoo or desirOO. The most important right of the mineral estale is the right to receive the minerals produad from that r$tate. This righl can be split int" con· CUffl'llt interests. callftl "mineral in· terests." '"TO).lIty interest""' or!l<lml'thing else. Unfortunately. deeds oftcn contain ambiguous dl'llCriptions of the shareol production that i$ btinggranted

rl'$erVed by t~ dt«!. ~ ambi· guities usually can be avoidl.'d by carefully determining what lhe share of production is to be whf,n: (I) t he inter· cst is subject to an oil and gas lease; and (2) the interes~ is ..oJ s ubject toan oil andgaslcase. T hitdetermination is critical 10 thf: ~plion oIthf, inter· e$!. Only afln" making Ihis pRlimi· nary determinallOl1 s hould 1M lawyer begin todecide whether ~o usea "min· ernl interest"' or "TO}'alty interest"' label in lhe deed description.' In oil andgasd.eeds. a mineral inter· e$! and royalty interest in tM same fraction can y~1d diff~nl shares 01 production. In this I'fgIrd. an interest described as a one-eigh! h "'mineral in· terest"' will yield it$Owner one-eighth of the oil and gas produced from the Of

Special attention must be paid to the grantee's share of production in a transfer of an interest that is burdened by an existing oil and gas lease. subjf:Ct land ouly when the mineral in· If Ihe interest i~ leaS«!. the owner of a one-eighth min· eral interest normally recej,·es (1MeljJhth of thf: lessor', roplty. If. for eumple. lhe ~hth mineral ;nl....· est 'Il burdened by a lease w"h a (1Meighth royalty. the mine",1 interest owner will receive l164th of the production (1/8 x 1/8). On I he other hand. a 'royalty interest dtscribed as '"(1Me,ghlh of all oil.gas and other minerals produad '" will en til Ie 11$ O'¥>'ner to(IMf,ghlh d all oil and gal produced from lhe land burdened by that interest M'helhrrQr not that land is leased. Some types of royalty interests can also yield varying sham of produc' tion. depending upon thf, ~ burden· ing the Ilel"Vlent mirwral HIlle. For ex· ~ mple. a coo,'''Yance on one-half '"of roya lt y" would yield orte-5ixteenth 01 all oil and gas produced under an oil and gas lease with a one-eighth roy. alty .' If theoil and ga s lease provided a I .... t-tt is unl~aS«!.

one-quarter royalty. the one-half "01 royalty" interesl ....wld ylddOOMighth of all oil and gas producm under thf, lease. lithe servient mineral interest was unleased. the "one-half of royalty"' term would be ambiguous. bKause tl\ert would be 00 royalty to have. Sprcia l attention must be p;!Iid lothf: grantee's share of production in a lransferof an interet lhat is burdened by an existingoil and gas lease. Many d.....:ds conveying a mincr;ll interest burden~-.:l by a n exisling lease cont ain a '"subject to"' clause with language similar 10 the following: "'Said Land now beI"II uncle< an oil and po Ioea.., origiNlly eUICU't<l in 1._oI _ _ lnd _ "",,.,,ht-Id by _ it is undc:ntood and a&r~ thot this ...Ie i. made l ubj""t to said Id.... bu, and indlNk Ilil'

00"0"""

lIonl 01.11 oil royalty and ps ....n or r"Oyltty d~ to be poid under 1M Itnnf 01 $3id !taw.""

TM additional "subject to'" cbuse is desigooo to assure that thf: right 10 rect'ive TO}'~lties attribut a ble to the m;ner;l1 interest p.1S~ to thf,grantet' named in \"" deed and to protect the arantor against a brnch 01 warrant y as ~o the e~istillll od and gas lea~' Theclause. Il0>0.'''...... has caused some .'Ierious problems and has Ip;!Iwned a number of cases addrt$$i ng IhO'le problems.' For ins tance. $OI1Ie rouns have conStrued such deeds as having tWO independent granls. although it i, apparent the parties intended only one grant. Ot her courts have incrnsecl the number of min.entl ac ..... con"eyoo br such dMls. The "subject to"' clause is nOl neces' sary to protect the grantor's warran · til'5. Protecting thf, gr;lntor against a breach of warranty could be betterac· complished br clearly eKaPling 1M uisling lease (and all other encum· brances) from the grantor's "·arran· t ies. Li~ewise. til<': "'subject to" clause

/I _ ",beT of I~ Mobik/ime 0/ A""iI_hl. 1Ma-. fk.

EJ_nJ G. Hadi,".

MOllY. C"*"". Holma & NMJf;$. n · IINkrgradO/l1U ihgr« fro", Gto'1{i4 hlSlilllleot TtdtWJogy ilf 197Q olfd hi, wltJdrgrufrom thl Ulfivrnily of TUM ilf 1974.

mt.Wi loiJ

is not needed loconvey to th~ granl~ royalties attributable to the grant~'s mineral interest. Unaccrued royalties under a lease are an incident of the mi~ral estate and pass with the min· era Iestate unless otherwise previou 51 y conveyed or S<!vered.' Another problem caused by existing leases can arise when a producing well happens to be located on the land. en· compassing the servient mineral es· tate. If there are accrued but unpaid royalties. the unpaid royalties require special anent ion because oil and gas become peniOnal property once they arc ta ken from the ground ,' Since accrued but unpaid roj·ahies are per· sonal property, a normal grant of real property will nOi transfer them .' Therefore. to transfer accrued but unpaid roy a It ies a separate grant of t he accrued royalties must be included in the deed. The grant should specify a date and time for changing the pay~ of the accrued royalties. Acrordingly. deeds frequemly contain language such as:

grant... Both problems that can ariSf in the transferof a mineral interest burdened by an oil and gas lease with a pnxluc· ing well are avoided easily with the following approach· (Il Sh",,' lheni'ling lease as an e.· ~ption from lhe granlor·. "'ar· rant ... as 100Iow,:

(2) Show til< Iransler 01 accrued roy· alt ies with III< 10I"""i08 clause.

uS<'<! in addition to lhe basic granl· ingdau~

Gr. ntor he",by ",U •• ",t. over.

transfe .. and assigns nnlo " ... nl .. all accrued 001 un·

royalty imerest. the owner of the min· eral estate customarily would have the executive right" If. however. the ex· ecutive right is being severed from a minera l interest the lawyer muSI determine:

Anot her I actor af fOCI ing t he 5ha re of production is the COlltS that the inler· est is to bear. Royalty interests typi· cally are nOi charged with product ion or development costs. " On the other hand. mineral interests customarily bear their proJX,lrtionat" share of production and development costs." 01 course. once a mi neral interest is bu rdened by an oil and gas lease. the term~ of the lease gO"ern the allocation of costs between the mineral interest owner and the lessee. The second most important right of the mineral estate is the right to grant oil and gas leases. This is called the '·executh·e right. .. " Usually, theowner of the mineral interest ha~ the execu· tive right and a royalty owner does

not ," Mineral o"meTS sever the executive right for many reasons. For instance, they might sell a royalty interest in the mineral estate underlying their lands and thereby retain the executive right to control mineral operations on their remaining surface estate. Such land· OWner!; frequemly ha"e ongoing timber operations. residential subdivisions or other types of surface operat ions that would be interrupted by unrestricled drilling and producing operations. By retaining the executive right. the land· owners can restrict and rontrolthe de ,·elopment activities on the surface lands. Other reasons 10 sever the exec· utive right include consolidating con· trol over leasing activities and ensur· ing that the royalty negotiated under an oil and gas lease is sufficiemly large. If the right to share in production is severed in any fashion from theexecu tive right. the lawyer drafting thedeed must consider a number of factors. First. who is to have the executi,'" right? If the executi,'" right is being severed through the grant of only a

(I ) Who ",ill hold 1heexe<uli,'e righl ? (2) Will Ihat 1"'''''''' represcnt and protl,ct til< inl.,·Hls of Ih. owner oIlhe nlItH><ocuti"e interHt' (3) How will 111< eXOOJlive right bt .:<er<:ised in Ir.. e,'"" t rl.1 II< <lea th. incompetency or bankruptcy 01 til< persoo holding III< __ u1i.e righl? (4) Are III< .. saf"l[llards .gainSlIll< unr ....",abl. ",'usal rI. the exec· uti"logrant a I....? (5) How long will 111< ex"""1i" righl bt '''''ted in a Ihird PIIrty' (6) If III< e><oculi"e righl IS 10 be VHted in. Ihird PllrI}· for only. limited duration. what is tll<~ent thaI iSlo trigger the termination of III< ..,'ered executi .. Tighl and cause il 10 merge with Iht .. r· vienl mineral interest? (7) If 1he execu1i," righl ;$ 10 be vested in. third J>IIrty for an untimited duration. who ;$ 10 succeed 10 the ex"""ti," righl UI»" the dealh of til< pe1'SOIl.ppoimed in the deed to exm:i", that righl? Wililhe arrangemenl violale til< rule against perptluities? The owner of Ihe non-executi,·e in· terest should be entitled to fair treat· ment by the holder of the executive right. Sometimes economic realities leave the holder of a non-executive in· t~rest. such as a royalty interest. unprotected. Consider the holder of an undivided one-fourth royalty interest. which would nOi have executiv~ Or de,'elopmem rights. Most oil companies buying leases rarely agree toa lease for a royalty in excess of one-fourth. Therefore, any lease granted by the holder of the execuli,·t right probably would not yield any production royalties under the normalle.se to the se,,·icnt min eral estate burdened by the severed one-fourth royalty imerest. Unle$S the holder of the executive right in such a case was oflered an extremely hil/h lease bonus. there would be no ec0nomic incen1ive for the exccuti,·e to grant a leaS<!. High bonuses normally pre,·ail only in locations reasonably dose to production or drilling activi·

ties. If the Ioen'ient mirl('r.ll estate was situated far from prodllClion or- drill,ng acti"il.es. the bonus probably ,,'OU1d he !OVO'. Th,s could dlsoounge lhe uocu· 11\'1' from lraslng the land s ine\' the u«t.lll\·e would ha"e lillie economic lnetnti"e to leas.e. As thIs example ilh,l$tnlles, the law)'ft" muSI ~ize the ramif'ClIl1 ion. allhe s.e,'erro exOlC\l' 1"'1' TIght and discuss them with 3 chent seeking tocn:at~ a non-cxCCllti"e intcll.'Sl. Th~ third mOllI importanl righl of Ihe miner~1 estale is lhe righl to rec.>i"e lease bonus and renlal pa)'menIS. Normally Ihe owner of lhe- mi""""l estale r«C'".t!! thtsoe pa ·nents." If payment5 are 10 be mat..~ 10 anl'one OIher than lhe o"'ner of the mineral estate, pr!l\';SIOO'IS must be made in the d«d to that df~. Another Important righl dthe miner31 dltate lithe right to explore the lands sub$tn'itnl to that elit at e and to de"elop tho8.e lands for oil and gas." If thec1ient Wants to~atea non-cXe<:u· ti,'c mineral inlcrest, the la"')'u must en~ure thai Ihe e xecud\'e right. lhe e xploratory TIght and the dc,'dopment righl vest in the same owner. Other· wise. lhe deed will errate a contradic-tion: the per$Ofl oominall)' ha\'ing the llO"'er 10 It-ase ....ould not ha"e the llO"'en toeK~ and to develop, both d whICh are es5I'ntlal to the iesset'. Such a situallOll tn"itt!! judicial tam· permg WIth the d«d. Some landowntr1. "'Ioocal"\'e undi· vided minerallnlerests from their sur· face eslates, ha"e ~timate COOC1'1"ns about the dlsruptioo of their surface use by oil and gas operations. Land· owners Wtlh subo:ltvisions. timber operations, industrial opo'rations or any "aluablc su rface acth'ily can proIect lhose actiVIties by rest ricting the ex· ploratlon and de\'dopment easements meid('f11 10 the mineral inlerests lhey are colweymg. Sueh restrictions requtre cardul dnlf\l"ll to proIect the Iando\O'ner and .t the same time gl''e thegranlff! an mterest attract;"e loan oil company. OccaslOrIJlly lando\O'ners mcOi poral~ surface damage CO\'MantS in mineral tkoeds. Again. care must he laken to pre-'tnt lhe uwen? 'lt from delilroying Ihe commercial marketability of thc grantee', interest. Only ~fter the paramelcr~ of the

conveyance ha''e been developed by considering the various facton men· t10ntd allo>'~ can the Ia,,' )'ff proprrly labelt he mll'f'eSts and draft the d«d. Ahhough the IaW)'ff can prepare lhe deIld without lheaid d relerenoe forms. mosl lawyers do not try to re-in\"CfIt the "'hftI and InSlf3d modify an exist· IIlg form to fit the panicular transac· tlOllthal is im'o1voo, Onerc1iablecoorse of forms fl)!' Ihis IlUrpose is 6 W. SUJl.1MER S, TilE LAW m' Oil. AND GAS §§1271, 1273-1290 (1967).

Top .\1f1iical Experts Cruoe Elaluation

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MUleral dff!ds frequently contain

''''0 different descnption. of the min·

~llnterest that the grantff! hopes to

acquire. DIfferent descriptions result when (hegran\lng clau~describes the m"'eral "'leresIS as a fractional inter· I'$t and another clause in the deed de!leTlbes the Inltr'eSt alIacertain number of mineral acres. Usually, the mineral acre dl'$CTlplIOI\ appears in an "intention clause,"" but occasionally it al'" pears In a S«tInd gramingc1ause in the same deed. Many purchasers insert the alternale "mineral acre" eJ<jII"CSsion when (he purchase price is based on the net mineral acres coo'·ej'oo." [);oscri\ltng tl"temineral interest b)' bot h fractions anti mm!.,..1 acrescan render a d«d am\ltguous and gI"e ris.e to serlouS consequeroces when: (I) The d«<I con,'e~ \eS$ lila" the ""'''r ""!\tnl ..Iatr in a ITlCI of

f2)

land contaln;1Il\ """" Qt Itss arn than tho partin conlrmpble(\, Qt Tilt dred CO""tyl • mineral inI~re$t in mult ' ~1e tntel. 0/ land ar>d the ~rantQt'. tille f.,l. as to IiOIl'I< of tho tracts,

Rco:tgniling the effects of the frae· tiQnal formula and the mineral acre formula IS important becau~ the resuhsof 1he two formulas can be signi f· icantly dl((~nt. Consoder a convey· al1tt of an Undl~ided one-righth min· eral interest In a quarter lKtion sur· "eyt<! aa:ording to the Rectangular Survey S)'5tmt, " If lho. quaner-1Kt1on is re&ular and contains exactly 160 acres, the undividt<! one--cighth min· el'lll interest would ~ equivalenl to W mineral acrl'$. If Ihe Quarter·s..::tion is enlarged and contains 162 acres. the

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JI1 M I> PI CKS UI' TIn: El\TIIU; "'~:I>I CA L SID E O F YO UR CAS E ANI> LEAVF.$ \"O U TO WIIAT \ "OU no HEloT- TIlE LAW. T IIAT"S T in; WI NNING COM HI NATION.

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I MOO 225 JDMD undi~lded onHighth mirl('r.ll intet"1'$1 would be equi~alenl to 20.25 mineral acres, CorrespondIngly, ifthequanel'"' $fCI.ion is diminished and contains only 158 mInerai acres, the undi\~ OfIMighth mInerai inleRSt " 'wld he equ"'alent to 19.75 mInerai acres. Only when tho. quant1' $<!dion is Il'glIlar will the fractional dtsI:ription ~nd lhe mineral acre des.t:ription agree. As theuamplt!! show, the fr;loC\ional lormula yields a higher net interest for enlarged Iracts and a lower nel inter· I'$t for dimi nished Iracts. On the other hand, the acreage formula yields the same interest reg;ardleu of the tract ,i~, 90 long as there is sufficient title to fund the fI'Int. Conflicts between a fraclicnal for· mula and an acreage formula can occurwl\tn:

(I) Accrellon tnllrXes • .,pa... n

tract:" (2) An accunlte SUI"\'r)' ~I. a .i.e discftPlncy In lho lracl~' Qt (3) The ,nnlQt suff.... paniallllt. f.ilu ....... Court~ generally resolve conflicts

be-

tween a fractional formola and a mincral acre formula in one of three ways: (I) fir>d the deed unambiguous and uphold the mineral acre lormula: (2) find thedeed unambiguous and uphold the fractional formula: or (3) find the deed ambiguous and admit ext rinsic evidence lodetennine Ihe parlies -intcnllJ Theapproach adopted can significantly increase or reduce the interesl. For in· slance in lVad~ v. Nober/s. the Okla' homa SupremeCourl considered facts whCTc accret ion added 1526 acres to a 32·acre riparian tract." The accretion led 10 a dispute o,'u a reservation al· ternativel\' described as an undivided 513200 of the Iract and as five undi· vided mineral acres. Under the frac· lional formu la,thegrantorwould have reserved 7.385 mineral acres.and under Ihe mineral acre formula the grantor wouLd have reserved only five mineral aCTe!!. The 2.385 mineral acre difference would be extremely signi ficant if a prolific well was on the Iract. Another example of the conflicting resu lts of the two fonnulas occurs when: (I) a grantor con"eys mineral acres by warranty deed in one of several contiguous tracts owned by the grantor: and (2) the granlor suffers a partial titLe failure in that tract. In such instances. the mineral acre formula can lead to a replacement of title. For examplc. in CroY/f)" v. I'hilli/W. a Texas rourt held: T~e la,.. i. "'eli ""uled that wh....., one con'ey' by general warranty d~ a specific number 01 undivided acre; oot 0/ a larg<>r or ~· .... I tracts 0/ land. from which grantor h3. already conwyed a ""rt. tt... deed COIIv')'s a grant ... good title to hi. romt*mem 0/ acmIoot of the rem3inder 0/ tt...land."

UndCT a fractional formula. no replacement of title "'ould occur. and the grantee's remedy under the breached warranty wQUld be limited to money damages.'" [n order to avoid the problemsoccurring when both a fractional formula and a mineral acre formula appear in the same deed for the same interest. the lawyer shQUld choose one or the other and should nol use both formu las todescribe thesame interest.

Rc scn'Ations And Prior Grant s Prior mineral reservations aOOgrants

can cause two types of common pTOblemsin mineral deeds. Thefirsl typeof problem occurs when Ihe grantor does not have s ufficient title to convey the interest purportedly granted by the deed. The SO,'C(Ind problem arises when the deed mentions a prior reservalion or conveyance that never happened. Th~ problems normally are created when the grantor has forgotten or never knew what transactions ha"t occurred in his prior chain of litle. The lawyer drafling the deed usually does nOi have an accurate sunlmary of prior mineral transactions and therefore must rely on the client 10 supply the facts necessary to draw the deed. Both types of problems can produce results that at least one party. and sometimes both parties. to the deed neYer antici· pated. The first type of problem is commonly called a "Duhig" problem in reference to Ihe case of /)uhig v. P~IlVY' Moon l.umber Co .. 135 Tex . 503. 144 S.W.2d 878 (1940). A Duhig problem occurs when a grantor. who owns less than the entire mineral estate. a t tern pi s 10 rese,,'e an undivided mineral inter· est in a dl'O'd that otherwise pur~rt s to con"ey theenti re fee simple interest in a tract of land. Alorgon v. Robtris, 434 So.~d 738 (Ala. 1983) is an example of such a problem." [n Alargon. the land· owner previously had conveyed an un· divided one·half mineral interest in the land to a third party. The landowner t hen reserved an undivided one· fourth mineral interesl in a warranly deed purporledl\' ronveying the e ntire fee simple interest to lhe grantee. Tht Alabama Supreme Court held that the aLlemllied resen'ation of theOlle-fou"h interest wa s contT3ry to the warran' ties in the deed. which on its face con· veyed the surface estate and an undi"ided three·fourths mineral inlerest . The court held that the grantor kept nothing under the TCSel"\'ation and that the grantee received the entire undi· vided one' half mineral interest held by the grantor al the time of I heexecution and delivery of the deed. The second type of problem occurs when a deed refers to a prior r~rva tion or grant that. in fact. does not exist. For example. assume a grantor owns the enlire mineral estate in. on and under his land. Alsoassume that.

even though nei t her the grantor nor any of his predecessors had previously severed any ~rtion of Ihe mineT31 estate by conveyance or reservation. the gT3nlor execules and delivers a warranty deed containing one of the following false recitals: (I) ''There are herehy excepted. An undivided one.h.lf (1t2) inlet-

est in and to the oi1. p$and minerals lying in. under or upon ... . .111< h;toing boen .--,,·ed to G. C. Coggin Company. IflC .• in tltt ~ain deed... : ':" or (2) "Subject to one-half inteT"e$t in mi !\eral • nd oil right$ as con .eyed to II' m. HendeT$Ol1":" or (3) " SAVE AND EXCEPT an undi · vided th~loorth. of theoil. gas and otlttr minerals in. on and under [saId land~ ... wh ich min· erals do not belong to grantors htni n" :'" or (4) "E'cepl .11 mineralSand mineral right s. heretofen $Old and COlI· Yeyed:'" The first example is Union Oil Co. of Col. u. Colglalier. 360 So.2d 965 (Ala . 1978)_The others simply are instances where deeds have contained false reci· tat ions about prior mineral rese,,·a· tion s orconveyances. In CoIglllliu. the Alabama Supreme Court hek! theexception language dearIy excepted the one·half mineral interest. The fact that the recitation about the prior mineral reservation was fal»e did not "oid the exception. The Alabama Supreme Courl declined to decide in Colg{,nitrwhclher Ihe language quoted al>::l,·c was present in the deffi solely to protect the grantor" s warran· ties. Other courts had emplo\'ed the warrant)· protection approach to permit the grantee to acquire the mineT31 interest mentioned in the exception language if that language was inlended only to protect the grantor against a breach of warrant)·.", Since the Alabama Supreme Coun lefl the door open to the warranty protection approach. the possibility of confusion st i1] remains with respect toerroneous recitations al>::lut prior mineT31 con· veyances and reservations. The lawyer drafting a mineT31 deed for the grantor can avoid OOth the 0..hig and the false exception recilation problems by:

~ionable.

(I) ElICf"\II'''i any ;nl ....n! lhal lilt I"'nl ......... t... 10 ma,n in enr and untqu'VOOIlla~ of uapllOII fIlCh

Ril le Agains t Pe rpetuities Occasionally, an oil and gas traru;action ...·ill ,nv(Olve the transfer <J a

as:

htrri>y uapI' from-

an und,vicIfd , all ",I.

(2) ~:~~~i"i lilt prior ~ .. ions or OOO'Ivt~allCti from lhe grant ·

...... , warranlltS l1 follows:

ThiS approal:h shifls the risk of prior mineral se,'er-trlces to the grantee. Where the gr:antee has paid. coosi(\eration fOl' a specified mineral interest. this approach is un53tisfactory and IIle warranty I.:Ingua~ s hould not coo· tain a blanket f:<ee~ion eI all prior mit1{'ral reseT"\'ations and COIl'·eyances. If, however. the gr:antor is merely C(ln' "eying all that the iramor owns to th~ grantee. the blanket exception is nOl

future inttfeSl. Us...ally the fUlure in· terest will be tIlmething that is to take effect aft«: (I) the tennination of an exiSting oil and gas Inse. which can remain in effect so long as oil and gas are produced from the leased premises; (2) the lapse of a specifi~ term <:J years ~nd lhecessa lion of all paying oi l and gas production; or (3) a well on the property has produced enot.lgh oil and gas to allow the operator to no<;QUp ils UIOIU 01 drilling and comp!tiing tIM' ,,·ell. In tach of tiM'se situations. the time thaI the future interest "ests is uncertain. Furlher, the interest may nOi "est in thetrantee for many rean. Due to th,s uncertainty. the transfer ea!lily can run afoul of the rule against perpetuities. In fArie P. !Hlm'/llwlUl/ p(1{Je' C4 .. 429So.2d989CAla. 1983), theAlaooma Supreme Court C(lnsidered the appli· calion of the rule against perpetuities to a deed lhal left the grantor with an

UNIVERSITY COUNSEL

Four Alabama a nd Federal Tria l Practice For m Bookl Availa b le lor Immed iate Sh ipment ...

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o ALABAMA AND FEDERAL PLAINTIFF DISCOVERY FORMS

ALABAMA AND FEDERAL MOTION FORMS

ALABAMA AND FEDERAL ORDER AND JUDGMENT FORMS

ALABAMA AND FEDERAL COMPLAINT FORMS

to ..

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undividM ooe-half mineral interest for a pffiod el lS yean and so Iongthereaf· ter as oil. gas 01' millffills Wffe!:eng producm in paying quantities. 'The question in tile case was whether tile gnontOl' 01' tile tramoe gol tile undi· vid~ ooe-half inttTtSt w llm tile 15year term el.:lptlfd and there ...·as 00 mineral production. Thegrantor argued the rule against perpetuities voided the grantee', right to tile one-half mi neral interest, despite tltt parties' manifest imentions in thed<01. Thecourt sided with the IIramee by finding that the grantor COflveyed tile ent ire fee simple estate to the gr:amee and rtJnfXd an urxilvidM. dri"easible ooe-half mineral interrst. SillC'le a reser;ation is techni· cally a tram back to the grantor. the grantee held a ponibility 01 revener in the disput~ ooe-h.alf mineral interest. Altl\ouah a poaibility of re-,'ener is a future interesl.a> it is not subjKt totlM' rule against perpetuitiel.... fArleprovides e:<eellent guidance on how to avoid the disaslrous effects of Ihe rule llIIainst perpet uities. Simply grant everything to the g rantee. and rdt'fll6thedefeasibLc interest thegrant -

Part of Ile ries o f Iri.1 prael;c. fo rm bookt by Robwt &II.... Smith a nd Joan Melnly,...

The price 01eaeh o f lheM book' " pOle.ge and I'Ianclllng .

$5'."

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MADISON PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 223 EAST 810E SQUARE HUNTSVILLE , AL.A8AMA 35101 (205) 533-5040

or clesires to !'flain. The r~'ation clause should contain words of inher· ilanoe and shouLd contain no ...Ul!s of exctption.-

Roadwars A

probl~m

that can appear in dt«b rural land in"oIve!l roods constructed along the gm'ernmentRI subdivision lines. In s uch cases. the grantor usually holds f~ title to the entirt lIO"emmental subdivisIOn in· voIved in thecon'"C)"ances. Somctima. t.o...·~·er. the detd de!icriplion is ba!lfd on lSun·tydescribingthetracl bound· ar~ with reft'f'ence to the ed~ of the rood right.of·way ralher than the true boundary. which may be Ihecenterof the public rood. Thi s practice leave!I the grantor with title tn the st rip of land located between the true bound, ary.nd the ed~ of the ro;od.- AI an IllustrallOn ollhe amount oIland Ihat can be invoh'fll in such strip$.considtr a quantr 5eCIion of land with a 101). fOOl rightoQl'·...·ay cenlered on one ,ide of the quarter·stClion. In such a case. 3.00 acres would underlie the 5Moot portion of Ihe right '<If·wa~ situaled on the quarter·sectioo.'" This vacancy normally is not significant wMn onl~ the surlace use is COI'ICft'Md. !ltcause the publIC road occupies the strip any· way, Nevertheles.s. the value of the m I neI1I1ls can ca use the strip I0 become ~ valuable.

convc~ing

M isce llaneous Grantors frequently have their spouses join with them in mineral dted$. When the grantor is l't$CI'\'ing an interest in thedetd. the rtsl'TVatlon shouLd beonly in favor oflhe grantor and the grantor's hei~ and assigns. Confusion can occur if the detd defi rors bnth the gnntor and the spouse as "Gl1Inton" when the reservation is in favor of tM "Grantors, t heir I>ei~ and a$!ligns." In such a case. $(Ime qUel5tion might arise as to whether the re$Crva· tion vHted an interest in the spouse. The Alabama Su~me Court 01 Civil Appeals held trn.tthecommon law rule pro/'llbiling l't$CI'\'alions in favtll" of strangtnllo title pre\~led • spouse from acquiring an inttrest by 1't$ft'\'1' lion injQIIJI\I'p. &11, 419 50.2<1251 (Ala. Civ. App, 19S2~ TheAlaooma Supreme Courl, ho .....ever, has nOl ruled on the

Question. In order to avoid the iSliue. deeds should not aIIItain reservations in fa'1lrol. spouse whohas nointerest in the property pnor to the re5ef\·ation. [f the grantor ...·antslhe spouse to re. rei,'e an interest in lhe property. he or she should make a specific and sepa' I1Itcgrant of that interest to the spOUs:e. Some mineral conveyances in'"Oiv. ing homestead property do not contain homestead acknowledgrrw:nts on the detds. The lawyer should not O'o'erlook the Tl.'Quiremtnt of S«tion 6-10-3 of the Code of Ala/JQ1ItII' (1915) llIat lho/, spouse mUSt join '" all OOIl\"C)"ances 01 homesteads and the detd must bear a valid acknowledgement of the s pouse's signature. A practical problem can arise when a grantor conveys a certain number ci mineral acres situated in multiple tracts where the grantor retains OIher min· er.tl interesls. [n soch ca!Sl':!l, a sun'l'y and a litle search of all the multiplt tracl$ are necessary to allocate the grantor's and thegrantee's miner.tl in· \CrestS acTON those lracts. If all those lracrsare not included in thcsamedrill· ing and production unit, the SUT\'CY and the title search are impractical. Consequently, such grantors andgran· tees may be fon:ed to stipulatt their int~e!lIS in order to I'tU'ive pal'ments ol royahifos or production allributabit to tl>eir interests. A grantee may wanl thegrant 01 mineral acres spread across several tracts in O«Icr 10 benefit from the Texas replocement of title rule."" The grantee. howe"er. s hould weigh the incunvenieoces such a gram can bring. Another problem can OCCUr when the panie!t to a royalty trade express the inl~ as "royalty acres." In a fOOlOOIein Ihldky~. Friti,.4435o.2<l 12'07. 1209 (Ala. 19113). the Alabama Supreme Court defined a royalty acre "as a 118 roya\t~ in one mineral acre." Although thaI footnote now e xists in Alabama caS'! law. the lerm "royalty acre" 51ill can be misleading. For u· amplt. a 29.Sacre tract olland CO\'ered by an oil and gas lease with a ont-fifth royal! y aIIIst it u te 29.s mineral acres. Using the definition of "royalty acre" adopted by IhtAlabama SupremeC(lUrt, ho"'ever. there would be 47 2 royalt~ acres.'" The 29.5 acre tract and the lease with a one·fifth royalty ..... cre

pratnt in the facts of 1'Isibodtlll<Z P. AmffltiIII 1..1Ilf & £.rplimJIWII, It.e" 450So.2d 99O (la. CI. App. 19!W).url. dtltkd. 458 So.2d 118 (la . 19!W). The court in that case upheld the grant of royalt~ acre!! using the definition tnf'n· tloned in the lJudhy fOOlnote ag~inst a landowner fraud auack. Tisibodftlux il. lustralell lhe confusion that can result from using tM lerm "royally acres." II is tooeas~ to aSliu me tllat a lessor "'OU Id rn.ve the sam~ numberof royalty acres as he has mineral acres under leaS<". For that reason. the lawyer must be ut rtmely areful when facing a dted granting "royalt y acres." 0

FOOTNOTES

-_.01 _" _t"

'1"" _..... __

In". tIIIo _ _ OO _ _ _ _ _ b t _ I n _ _ _ _ _ "", _OO_In _ _ 'ThIt _ primo<iIy _ .... olI_~

"'''IgIlM~_1n

"'I'"'III'_FOf'·

_ .... "' _ _

'" _ _ II. WUJAMS • Co UEVtAS,

OIL.uiOGAsLAW{tlllWl_W $UUIJ~RS. THE LAW OF 011. AN(! GAs (INn.

os..

f . . .. GuIf"'~

eo.., (I,ImIII, ~t'

",I... t~ e6 50.2<t _ tliMl; I II. WtLL!.O."'S " C, "'EYERS. O L .t.NO OAS LAW po11 (III&I~

't H. Wtt.l.lAAlS " Co "'EVEAS, 011. ANO GAS LAW P'O.22U(11IIWj.

't II. WIIJ.I.lMS" Co MEYUIS. 011. ANO GAS LAWpotIllMoIj.

os.. 2 II. WIUl>WS "

Co r.oE't'EAS. 011. ANO

GAS LAW ptO.l·3.fQ5 (III&IJ,

su"''''ERS. niELAWOFOII..WOGAS

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WE WANT TO KNOW ... Is the "CLE Oppon uri;,;es" rnIendar n>«IiOS your needs? How couk! il be improved? Drop us ~ bne - wt"d ~p preciale it! The AI ~ham~ L....... yer P.O . Box 4156

MOl1lgomery, AL 36101

Commission meeting At its June 7 meeting. the Manda· tury Continuing Legal Education Com· miSSIO!l: I. Heard the reportlhal 53 semin;lrs were accredited and II were denied accreditation during April and May: 2. Received a digest of the commission's decisions, January I. 1982. through January 1. 1985. prepared by the commission's staff; 3. Noted thaI Chairman Richard lIartley and Commissioner Warren Lightfoot would be rompleting their terms as har rommissioncrs June 30. creating two vacancies on the MCLE Commission; 4. Reviewed a progl<lm designed for lawyers and nonlawyer. by an approved s ponsor and ruled that such programs are not presumpti,'ely ap. proved and must besubmiued for consideration in advano: of occurreno:; ". J)f(;lined to approve a course On health care cost management on the grounds that it was not focused on Ie. gal issues. and none of the faculty members were altomeys; 6. Gl<lnted retrooCli" e approval of a

1984 course: 7. Tabled ronsidel<ltion of an in· house PT<lfr1'1lm; 8. Approved a landman's rourse on rca:nl de"c1opments in oil and gas law: 9. Approved a comparative law course conducted at Cambridge Uni· "ersity, july 198.5; 10. J)f(;lined to approve a seminar on law firm marketing. management

and profitability; and II. Approved portions of a seminar on corporate rest ruet uIing of hospi ta Is.

t 985 comp lian ce reports Forms for reporting 1985 CU; rom· pliancewill bemailed tOmllSl members of the Alaooma St~te Bar this month. Atl orncys o,'cr the age of 65 are not required 10 submit report s and. thus. will not recei"e forms , Attorney s subject to Ihe 12·hou r reo quirement must report complete in· formation on courses attended during 1985: the sponsor of each seminar. ti· tie. date. loca t;on and credits earned . ~'un cred it ;s to be claimed for allend· anC(! of whole programs: on ly partial cn'dit may bec1aimed for less·than·full attendance. Credits brought furward from 1984 are being posted on the forms by har s laff and may be used 10 satisf)' the 1985 requirement. They may not be carried forward to 1986, howe,·er. cx · t ra credits earned but not needed in 1985 may be $(} carried. Individual s exempt from the CLE requirement are required toclaim their exemption s by filing the form each year. Fu ll-t ime judges. 198.5 adm; t1ees. legislators. most s pecial members and aItornc ys 65 yea rs or old er a re exempt. Others prohibited from privatc prac· tiC(! may be exempt by virtue of an Me LE Commission rUling: one's sta· tu s may be asrertained by calling the comm ission's office, flOS) 269-1"1,,. 0

The 1985 Alabama State Bar Annual Meeting Highlights

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1985-86 Committees and Task Forces of the Alabama State Bar -.., ~ . K""," -

Commiu ccs: J\ d"i so~y

C... ",,,,i llCC co t h e

U'O'... , d "III" , Exu min cno;

Ex Officio: ~.n

Cltainnan;

.l<>/1n II. Sco<,.)r. - M""'_'1

B""J",nglum

"'lth I\. N"",,,," _ Mon,,......., G,.."..,. S. ~kL<o:l _ I\i,mi'lllham

G. Eodal< - Mont_'!'

C ha'OIct t'r "n"

Fitn".~

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Stall Liaison: ~'IfI"' kI

T. lI.m"..,. _ M O'HgI)m<ry

Membc,.,.; Jolm 11011;. Jock""".Jr. _ Clanton

J. Gonn>n """""",J,. _ Eul,ulo A,j. (oI<man _ Dea,u,

Chairma n: W,nd. D. (loo.·.,.. .ux _ Mon'i<JIDt'l' Norma)Nn Rob,. .. _ Mon,pntry

Chainnan and Editor. NotItn A. lIurr.1= _ Mont&<>m<rl'

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Stall Liaison and Manallinll Editor. M'rprtl L. 1>..._1<)' _ MOII' - Y

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JOOn II, Sato, W.

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Ex Officio:

Staff U ai""n,

Board o' Edi,,, ..... Tilt A/abo",,, IA N'y~ r

C.,.,. Ann Sm"h _ Bi,m'''IIh.orn

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Membe rs:

" a n el l Members: o."d b. By"",.),. _ Mon~ery 1\O'I<',rd A. M.ndell - MonljlOll"l<T)"

Associate Edi'or:

II".

,\fa!.."",, S ial<' Commi ssioncr~' Supreme COl"! l.ia ioon Commi ""., Cha irma n: Gar"",. K Jor>n.jt. - Sttril ..1d S,aff Liai _:

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Wi ll .. m A. 00 .. " III _ BmnlllKlum J.mos krry W<>:>d - Mon,i<'IJltfY

AI). So"""", _ Mon'g<:>mery

Chairman: MICha<l D. Godwi" _ II,..,."""

Vic" Ckaim.an: "anellll Me mbe,.,.: C.roI, .. W.II. Hi.-.l. - Mobil<

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Clicn, Se"" rit)" Fund

( h aim.a,,: J.""", S. Ward _ Rimtinghlm Vi"" (haim.a,,: Lov.·.11 A. W<>:na<~ -

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Chairman Emeritus: joI1"

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St all Liaison: M.ry Lyn Pike - Mon,(roo1<rJ'

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ILarry P. LoniI- Anm"""

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1I<Ji",,1d T. Hom...". _ Mon'gomery

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Edward OIt - Utrmingllolm Ilnt W. I("" - A, ...... Thomu ~:.. f'1>on i. Ci'y Tllomas Sulh,-.n - Uj,mingllolm William n . M.". __ Carbon flill Guy I.. B.'.,.J<. - lIi""""ll"m Sh<Iby L Starl,ng. J,. _ )""""0,,..,11< Ed.w.n1 n. Stephens - lIirm,n,g"m Abip,1 Tumer _ Mobilt C",1rS K Gaddy -: Mi llbr-ool< SyCllt)' Alben Sm i,h _ Moo'g<:>mery

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john C, Schml'"",, _ ijirrn'!lI<h . ..

All. YO U WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT

IOLTA BUT WERE AFRAID TO ASK (From

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AFFORDABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE _ FROM COOK. ASSOCIATES

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Q. Wha, a,~ ,hot benefit. of .... rtici .... ting in an IOLT" prognom? A. 111'- program In Alabama....".., '0 be~ in t'- same fasluon at ,he Florida program ,hen all al10meys within fimrt parucipaling in the JOLTA program aulorna.ticaIy would be· come member, 01 the l:wr, foundation and would IIIIw: a voice in the diapoailic)n of the foundation's funds. No matler how ,he Alabama IOLTA prOgfam is designed ther~ is no doubt iT would provide ane~uUent opportuni'y for the ieg,al commun· iTy 01 the Illite to i>id ~rdaled public in,,,,,est prOgfamJ, Q . Wna' .. ,he aourc" of informootion gMn in thi.

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iIdopted from" pamphIe, prepared by the Supr-emc Courr 01 florida" The F10nda Bar. the florida, Bar Foundat_ and the Special Commission to Imple.....erll the In'""no on lawyer,' T Nit Accounts Progr ..... In addition, infonNr,_ has been

obt",ned from ,he Na,ioni>llOLT A Clearin!trouse and from the legal Servictl Corpa.-al'o::w\ 01 A1al:wrma. Inc.; t"" SO,· ming .... m Area leg.al Setvices Corporation. Inc.; Legal Serv;· etl 01 NOtlh Central Alabama, Inc .; and the Te"", LegaJ $ervic.." Clnt"" Alert (MaTCh 1985). 0

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T _ .loon 'K"'- _ Mon'-'J It WoIIia>Io W..... _ _ .......,. IImny L 1Iot>on. _ God ...... An ....... F. Amoid _ ~tm'nc""m ~:d .... '" Po""",,", - M",,'-'1 William 8. ..... ",,"w. _ Our!<

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1/"""," If. Gill -

"'O'"aom<ry

Co.c hainnen: John C. f"~ _ Bol1llUOKilam Do ...... A.

a..,...a _ MolW

t''''n« Commin.,., C..... ...,.n: William I), .'Icruas.lr _

I. IItmafd IInn,..n. Jr. - MOIIliO""<f)'

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YLS RCptUCnlllli>'<,: "- Terry IltO'OIn _ M",,'~

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Pa,. _ ... ""'......

R. GonIon D. Scot, Mcla,n - !t"n<ovi ll< Thom.. H. /\row. _ llirmi ",h.m

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Chairman Emerit .. ", 11,11.... N. Clark _ Bonn,"II""'"

Mary L)'1II'iIot _ Mon........,.

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William O.

M.I)' I.yn Pik< _

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E. s...... C..-.os _ ... ,,,",,, L ...... OII 1Io'l'lr5, In _ IIIrmilll""'" Ann E. T.ylor _ Mololo lli lly ~:'rl C"," _ 1Ir<;o1.,., Kryon' .... Wh"m''''.Jr, _ IIIrmi~m

Wilh.m ........1ty """'-"d!. III _ lIInll>llgham L- Vi ...... .\IcC<wklt _ 110"",,,,,,"," IINa: L GonIon - 8.1"1111.,.1....

n-.. M.~_ M.."pntrjI "om.. M. 8. Mcll.., ... , III - M,"ufIOm«Y t:'rl L llonsby - """"\I<ImtI")I

Clwlrb L $pork, _ ",~ .. It. Mclin" Jr. - Rirm'rcNm

Ct,n'mlu .. " .,,, Grn.·em'n« of Ih .. AIa"m. Stat ... Bar Chalnnan: (My C. Ih.d.oII,o - Hunlto1llt Vice Chairman: john f. l'roct..- - Sc<."boro Scaff Liai_: :>laty L)1II'\k - " " " ' " - y

Me mlxo ..., Alu II" ~"" _ 110,.. ,....... Qaklty W.

~ .. ,Jr.

- MooIIC'II'InY

Frt<:ll).C.. y _ T",k~ Alan C. ).;"'''11'''''' _

tloI"""

II<Wrr n . IJtcIford. Jr. _ M...... I,illo H"III W -.....J •. _ T~""'" r ........... G.1I<Imoq _ NotW C_1It W" H""" _ MoW.

Indi""nc Oef"nse c..n,miu cc Chairman: Lltnn" N. Il001''''' _ M ..,........,.

Vice Chairman:

E. Ito...... - . . _ 8,;"","""" ..

YLS Re l're!IC:n1 a ci ,''':

So"","" K. Snnpoon _ Moo.....,.,.

Staf f I....i _: Mal)' I.yn Pike - Moo .......ry

l n~ .. n ..u

1'l"t>I(nm~Com",i"«

Chairman:

n.:.n..

11.n')' IIeru.-I - IIomll ..... '" Vkc Cha i.,,,,,, ,, l'IIiUip 1-:, St .... _ ."""~

fl.v. _

Chai"""o Emeric .. s: j. . _

110 ..."01.....

" LS Re~""nl aci"": Md...lj. C...... - T""",,10000 Sialf Uai""n : MOII",1d T.Il.", _ _

Moo~

Mcmlxo..,.: C. SUo. Pov .. _ III""' ...... G.t.q. H. B. 101 ..- ' _ /oIoII"-y G..-don T C...... - Mon"-Y "'Ion J. 00"" _ III""' .... '" L M.mll Slmltr _ Elho Moe<oJ . u,,_Il_-nod J. 1I<n,1ty 0..'..... III _ Illno'''IIlIIm 011;" L ilion. Jr _ I\<",'""",m

CIwtoo H. -.111 _ o.n.,' ........ T... E. Ell.. - "'no""""..

M:a.., F WII..... _

8.1"IIKI1IIwI'"

Gary p, Wolf. - I\<,m,,,,,,,".. MtD:ie C"",lond.Jr _ ~'oO lo Willi.m II Tu ...... _ Moo'_ry C"~r s. Wnaht - 1Io"",ng\Iam jooopII AlI.n Sc~ - IlInoonclla'" K...., 0, _ .. _ 1Ionn,,,,,,"m

J udieial Conferenu lor '''r Stale <>f ,\1."",. Mcmlxo,.,.: John S. C• ..,. _ Il<I1in CIo"""", .\1 ....... 11. Jr _ IIorm' ...... '" ~·""I"11 .... l. Gal<. III _ 8.""' ......'"

I... " , 0..) C"",mi"...., Cha irman:

J•.,.. H. .... - - - Mon!JO<'Otf)'

Vice Chairmon, C.m Suo NtI... _ lIo,min, "'m

YLS R,,"'.,"" n' . 11.... :

J..... Kc.. -AoI .......

54alf Liai..,." I0I:l'7 L)1I PiIor Members: ~ E. M.y _ Hirmift¥h;lm

Mon,,,,,,,,,,,

V 11'0)'''' CO....,. _ Calm lI'illl... A..... _lotaorl<y - lot"",,,, ~I C......... I11 _ _ ""'m IIIaIIt A, (: ..... _ W..u...... Will .... LIIoiItI'.J, _ 80~ ...

lacl II' Soldo.. _ Ilorm,.."..

lot"""'"' S. ..... k.... _ _ ,.....,. 1101 Kom, _ _ Oz:o,k

A.,I .. . . AI"'1'" -Non'..-.-r Gary I\' IMIIr _ &00, ....... \\,1 ...... G. /Iobon _ 80""'.....'" " ..... hyl' MoM.""" _ _ It W. Ma.... IlI>Ibr _ A.wrn CI'oa,1n IIn<I<T - Mollo", Iltf,i .. ""'M"",II""""Y IW/lrt, I' Mo<k<n.... III _ R,""i"ll"""' ) ...... .\1, 1"""00".11 - Korm, ... """, G....... y ) ~kK.y _ 1Io"'''!'liMm !(om I Wil .... - )a."",

""or -

("nnninre On I......,)·c . Ad'·crli"n~ and Suli";, hl;"n Ckai.m.n: Su",,,", f. ........,. _ TuOC'Um"'"

c...ckairman:

I.K_A,., _ _ .........,

s...III .....

i_,

....... II· ..... "--~

Membe ....:

Sa""" A. i/a"". J', _ 1Io"",.....m Itic""", A. ~I«I ,,"," _ iii"",......,

An ... L "' _ _ Tn"""","" Cummill~~

on I.....·)·... 1'"bI", Inform.,ion.nd M.... la Hcl"ions Ch.i ......n : Rrl.IIon~.

"",.....,. I.. C_ -

l100.-0..,,..

\·;.,c Chai""an: lIy", N.laIham - A, .......

YI,s

R~ .....,""n' •• ;'·c:

1ll.a1:tA. G...... _ W..umpka

Siaff l.ilai",~" M,ry

L~"

1','" _ M ",,~

Me"'I",,~:

1"",,"11 S. .Ion<-s, II I - lI.m"ngham 11',11.... I' Cobb, II - ~1"",lI""'<"Y

S,,,,,,,,,, M, Guo:\or _ ~Iobi'" .... "'" I\' Sptak •• J,. _ Clan'on I l .. rcI<>nl .\ot-d _ _ It

C"""".... K, ... St....'" _ )IobiJr

~ II. I'nlk - &00, ....... -""'" It. ta,..... _ C...... W .,,''''''' ..... _ AIoIot»IIt I\tfwyBnor.-C". -Mon'........-J" ....... W So"""",. _ - - . , . IIotraIoI G Ua,....,.. - )"""IDI"<'J'

iii",,,,......

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Moo,.......,.

lI"ill"", G Gann _ 110 """",,,,, .. Wulia E. IIotk. 1lI - IItImo

Gnv>rl' C Kurio""," _ ,\1.,..1<

Cha' .... II. Ado or,),_- 1-';110

I........ _ 8o"" i......, lJ.nitt G. SaY<"" _ M"",,,, U"'lh, II' ~nol,,", _ God...", J lIa.ld I)n",h« _ Ilormi"l;""m G....,. C. , .. ,"" - 1Io""",ltham I~JC"" .... _llorm''''''m Nodoanl ThOCll<ft - TuOCAloooa Fronk K. ~'n _ " "nuo"illo110)' H. 1'1,,110.. - !'Io.... C"r Tmr MrElhtny - BormQ1lham A. C.rn .... r _ _ ..".. Gay'" ta .... J,

1I.... kj I... lit/ion _11"",.,il", NoI.n L. SOory _ !!i"",ngham

C""rIro ~ ,

n-..

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c.....M 11'.111« - _ ' " _ _ II' 1krIt. II _ Aftn,.,,,,, V....brol G Jot"".", _ Arocbl ....

Co",",i"c~

un I.....-) ·u ,\lc<>hul 8"d Dru~ ,\ b., ...

\\'01, ... ) I'm j,. - lI"n""I",

c.,·chni.n,u", J Md...IC_ ....r - U.. ""n Ch.lrn.3n Emcri'"s:

_0..'"

'1.S Rc .... CM:nl." ...::

Il. ra,,,,,k llamo •

John M. h-ai<)- -iii"., ......, Joh" E••:...... _ W<1umpka

"I"Ioomti I) IokLlorukj _ lIun...n",

I """' Morpn _lIonn,,,,,,,,,,, .:d~.. rd

I.ara

fll"" ~ _ Mollo", IIaro eo. _ F1o<.....-

"'"" I.amar K,'V - 110"""",,".. CaooIli. Wolf~ _ ....... ,....... C'''''YA I.. 110......"..

.,,·in.... _

Kay K. Bo, ... - _

.........

I... ,,·, e . Re~""t Sen';"" IJt>orrd ." T",~I""~ Chai rm. ", lira""", I\' _ _ Slwfliol<!

_,.....,.

Me mbeno: v""" I.. Ai<xandtr - Botmorcha'" IIobm R. SanfonI _ Bonn'rcfurm joo/tIoa S, "'ulh ... - 80"",..".. Ti....hr C. 1101"""" _

Non...,.....,.

Gftwvt M SO"' ......... n. I' , - _ ' " 1I."tr 110«1", - M"" "",,"" 110

c..:w.. M lIitaJonbolham _

"" .,<r lft.I.. II>m..,. IIori ...... _ 1I,,,,,..,,ham

John !'. 0I11'n', II - 1_.il1< C.ooIyn 8. N<I"""

- 1I.'m''1Il~''

6<"",,,,,,,,,,

YI's RCpre""" l"li,·c: H",,,,,rd M....ml "'oIt-n _ T"ooaloooo Sl aff Lwi"o", Sc.mo .... n IIobbon. _ M""...,.,...". Membe ....: ......... It C. Dodd _ 1Io"",.... m u...... Cia, lenoIry _ T _ John It HynI _ llot """ ChnII ... W .....-.._~ !.any II' 110."... - lIirm,rcfur ..

.......... \\~ - Bo"",,,,,,,,,,, \\, ..... Moplto SIu~_ /UIoIrJ' - """'"-'Y Sorn...a _ .."..

GordonO. T... _ _ ....... '" lien,. ....... T II....-. _ Molrilo Ed""", II. NcK,nIty _ Tho"""i'"

0."'" L. " " ' - - 8o"",rcfurm 00" ... C, 11_ - lot""ttom<rJ ) ..... A. llradfon:l _ 8onn,rcfur", Co",,,, h 'ce .. n 1.cIlUI s., r~icc. fo r 'he Elderly Ch.irn,an: 110...., V II""",,,,,, ),. _ T~""' m"'" Vice Ckah.." . n: M........ IItltn Y...... _ .~

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J. "'i<htcI W,II..... So- AI

J. T

S •• ff I.i.i"o",

SecrG' a.)·. ' '''''')''''' Ik fcrral Sen 'icc: Galt Sk," _ _ Mon' lI""'tfY M"mbCr/I: 1I>1pt, I) Go' ...... I'. _ T.llIOog> Itobtn II' II<on<to _.~ "I"Ioomti A. Corn""r - 1Io"",...,.m

Ktn .... h SlIrhon _ 11""",., E. Ua,.,..Jt. - Hun".i ...

.. _

rto;Ihp A. ....... _ ..."'"

...i""",

Mary l.yft ...... _

Vice Ckairn,.n: 1 G..", Y..""" _

11,110, II I........ _ 110".,..... ", Lyn ... " . K",I0. ... _ Mon'~ An .. II" .\.1, '<10.11 _ 8ormi"","'" tau" 11', Ilom,lt"" _ lIun, .. ill< l.roI"'1 J, Ali i"", _ 110m.. """,,,, M io:""", lot • •'1..".1 - Ilimo"\1""'" C....... G. lIoynold •• I,. - I...... ' So"'c~ _ Heow, ... E), .. to.<h T. C.... <1;,: - liomungha", Mdi 5"1 .... _ 11to...il", Itobe<t II" Iti<drr _ " un...'i ... Clurleo A.) 1Ia-.. 1r _ 110"".,..,.... _T..... _ JolIn II' $ell _ I/oa"" o.nwI T. 11".)< _ 80"" ...... 01 Itu,~ Elirabfth .lo ....... _ ~ w......, Ilw 11 ........ 111 - ~ C. tawuo Un .. _ !Iothan

~""kj T, II • ., .., _ M"",~

Ch" irn"""

V.II.. Met...

1Ioot' I. 110....". I', _ 1I>;",,',11t

( ..... mill~... on l.cpl Ed..., ••1on and ,\d"'"""'-lon ' .. I .... &r Chairman' Omn K A....... III _ Mobi",

....,Iloo.. I) N..- _

"""'.....1..

T<fr)I I..lrIo<k_ T ......"'"

Walt". W """"'-1,.111- Onooo .. Aub\lrn IIobm £. Moo.- _ SrImo

""'n,."" _

M .....

lI"ill"m l. Grubb. II _ Euf.ula Ieo)'< K Ilwoer m Ro<ha ", II. C..... _ Ann, .. ""

Bi"", .....

Jtrry II' )ock _ _ llalrpil ... S, W.y... F"I .... _ 'uu""," Nob<-<! S. TlKo-na. _ SctO,obono

), An' .... y Md..,," _ M""..",.....,.

_,I,....

N. """'"'* _81"""""",,, ",_,i." ill. W .,... s.to.I-_iii.........""... lob,.. ...

j ...... A,T"" ..... ,),

Non'~

- -'-<bon

LcIli~lhl ;.'" I.inl_on C<Hno" iuec (halrn""', W.I,,... W, Ayo.. _ Iokon'~

"""",.,.,,,., Gt<q< II. Ad, -

c..-cNoirman: ./1_ K. "'lor< - _""'"'"

I",,,,ediaee ['.,e Ch.irman: llavo! II. C..,t.... _ lJon,u, Mort,~

lJ. j.

I .... "'., ...... ,. . _ 1>\000'-7

Sc.If U . iS<>n: Ittson.ald T. ll."'..... _ ........ ,1"fJ'<fY

1_ W. . ."'''''''.J,. _ "U",,,·, ..

I'. _ LoI."",.

U,_I""" N 11....1"'" _ _ ~ looa",..,c W. 01 ..... I, . - 1So.,...,.ha..

ta ... , S. v..... _ _ '....'"

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fIo,,,,,.~h.o,,,

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1\i""'J\IIIa_

~N>h1

Me m"",.,.:

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\' l.S Me .,.-",..,,,!.'i,·,,,

WiU .... P.

VI SfdllOf _ 110"'"..... '"

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Chairman Emcri,u ",

fr2tlk It Ho ... , _ _

Seaff Liai_:

Monc.......rr

11.,..... - 110,• ........r C ,,...,.' U."....r _ 110... ,..... '"

-r-... W 1t . 1Iooclo - 110""'nct.arn l lony III _ 1Ionn,....... ~

C"mn';"e" nn M"c';nM Crll kl'''' .ol the lIen"h a "d C",,'I, Cha;m.an:

I.........., - MutO'" M ltar _ 110""""""..

It. ...... "'""""" - GadocI<n

Al,...lob.....,.~_T_

luhRS. """"-<.1' - Moo'-'1' ,',,,,,,,hr " lJunoh"" -1Imrunct.arn

\,.,., Ckairman:

lIo,m,"""-'" \\', Ih. ", II' Sto;oudonm,,,, _ Mube ..

\' LS Kq .. c~ "'a'i,'c '

~ra

"'u~

t:. A~,n _

~:.d ... f'<l

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n...n- K. tluyd

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._...,-..ry

""""- T t:.oII .... III -

Comm;, ,.,., 0" I...... ~I liar A<=Ii, .. "d Se,,' i~.· . ( lwirm an : ranol An" ""'"h _ Ho ,m,,,,,,,,,,

\' ice C Noirma n: Atopil

;1"'~

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r .... """'" -

Staff

.-....r.I'. - T1I>i«'\rorO A linn - Mobo ..

U.;!iO"'

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Me mber,;, """' .... C"-'_.)1 - _ .... W,lham II. JIcI<_. II _ ._It [)OV",,,,,,, W',I"", _ H"",,"II""'" W,IIL.",T Sc.phon._ 101011'.......,., Wi"" s' 1_ .'.ulk _llool\ln ........... I'<nn> ...... _ _ .. T<ff)"It.s.n,,, - 1Ibt"-'Y ..... I..C....... - ......."-'Y

"'n" Lou.,. ~.

S, ,,ff l.ia iMH"

C....... C....... -110".......... f.d ..-anI M, ... "..,.,., - .......' - 1 " Poul S. C.,......J•. _ Tu""' ...... f.I ,.. \o(;.h II, Pan,.", - B""'i .....,.,

;\Icmb"r ", .... tom J. TOIa, _ ).koWt "", 8}nIllooh.o _ .. to:..... 50 _ _ _ ..""""It

Ito..., A. I ~ - 110""""",,_ _t;. ........ -Moo~ t;. 1 ; ' - ~ - Mollo'"

\'1..5 We .,...,.., n, ,,," ·": 1I••

,n.. M.

Wr ~

_ Mort,I<UftI<')'

..... ry Lyn ~ i~ _ M ..,1I""k<l'

rhn.,,,,*,,"," (; llu"",. m - MoO'"

Oc,,. A,,",,, - 110"",'111"" K....,;J. 11',1...., - J",pt,

10.. 1101>0'-<1- "' '''''.... ''' I_ I t r ...·. uncI- 11'. ., I'oom.Goo:ro"J» . ....... ria", IbIIrn -lJon, .. (.....,1" 11'_11 _ u",,,,," ~

11'....,._. ."'"'.J ____

110.1"" A. ......... 110 "",,,,,,,,,,, (_rul)'n II. N,; .... _ lI,nmngham J, Thoooas ""flIt.J ' , - 1I,,,,,,flItlla,,, !..lu... A. rolluw>.r _ M""~ .la<k W. s.w... _lIormi,.tlam

....·"1.... to:. _..r. I'· - _""", ..

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... "' ....... 11 ShoIwn_lJon'u,

Iknryll ~"' .... I' - _ ' " "'rry ~. Gnll _ 8i""""".", I. 11a,'", C.... ,"'.k _ Mobo ... Th<>rn.a ••~ W.lk.,. - B, ,.,,,,flIt"m T... , (; M,11tr _ Birm, ..... m FoM MtC.IIu .... I •. m Lrmo. II. Iiams - 1Io."..tla.. a.. ..... ~ ........ _.1l1 - 110............. Will ......... 11a..___ "'ron, ..... '"

Ilot.,'......

1.1.;,.., 1.. ............. _ 110,,,,,...,...

[jai"", C..""ni' le .. Cha immn:

T 11.0 _ _ . ..... """"""

M"", bcn<: """"'" 1-"",p!1<q _ Mont""""",

T..... ry K. (h,kItno _ M""IJIU:TWI"Y ~ GU"'''' Gu,.J,. - 1>\ooo'1PII<'1 I,m I~u. I'· - 1>\000,,,..,..., !:.d..-anI b.ltor _ _ Tu""'"

urd"'. s.",h -

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J_G . ........ _ ...... ,,"',

I llo)·1t ..ul .... - Moo,...,.....,. ll<-nnJ> ~ I' •• ' .... _ 110"",,,,,,,,,,, Sam"'Y" 0<1 ... M.y _ [l,m,,,-.gto.m ... "". Lal",

!.aura A.

l"'h ....... _ 110'' ',.....'''

r~II" ... '

s,.. __ Il00-..,.....'''

CharIoo ... Ita,1ry rill""" - _.,"'" _ II' " ...... .... " '.... _ IIorm'...... '"

I.. ~ ... l_ eN'" _

M""'~

Mili'ary L.. ... C,,,,,,,,i" ce Chairma n: (Wloni M. Spr<no".lr

I", llo ......, - ....... tllOftl<")'

\' 1..5

KCl>rc"' n'~I I" e :

~.~

11>"""'lr.J,· -

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C. Odom - Ittd ... II' "'_n.lr l"h<.rn.o>~. Elho".I, _ 110",,,,,,,,,-,,, f.d ..'," I\. 1",',"01""" - M""_ r ......"., A. .... "'"'rut! _ IkoC!Ia" ....,,_ 1. AII ... p _ GacItid<n ... ..., E- C"' ..... - M.... p»<I'Y ./I.... f.Idun .... " - - _.......,. Gotnld M. H........ _ Tu""' ......

_110"",""''''

Jolon .... Gn .... - 110'''''...... ''' Wilh.m C. T""~«,I' _ [1,""' ...... '"

e._ -

Wilha", G 51<'1""" _ Moo'gon'I<r)'

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"on,..,sld"", Mcmben;:

\''-,1Iiom II. C.......I _ W.."".,oo.II,C

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Thoma, II. II.ont$ _ 11m'"..... '''

Glydn S. O'llonnoll _ Vi .... ... An..... ' P. 1l.....'IIOd - h ,rf... \ ...." ...

C. .... _ _ _

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1!Jij6 Mid)·.... Mc"';"~

""rma""", ""Ic Cornm,~~ion

Vice Chai.ma n: J (hlf Iltoonl- _,~

l ·1..5 Itepn"",n,ati,""

Chairman E,,'eri,u ",

Chainnan

So3 11 liai""''' M.ry l.~' "

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1o",.. T Sa....- - .... oo , ~

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s-. __

Mono.......rr

I><k W. Morpn _ Mobo,," 100" C. .'", - K"m"ltl,,"m k<nn>< S. G...... _ lIo""i......'" G.jr ( ...... - """" ...... '" !'au! G,..". .. MeAn"'" ...-k ....c. ." ' . . . . I'· _ lIonruowham

\ roce Chairman: Juh" W IbI<J - 1Io,,,,...p... 1;, I ...... "'"

MooIJll)m«f

Memben;: llru<. :>I. Mom. _ fOl'1 M<CloIbn

Ch"irmBn '

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C..mm'""e .... the

M~"'kal

Wilbur G. Solbor ..." - IIorm'nV>am

J. "'-,I ...... _.J,. -

80""'........

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S'aff Uaisun: ...It. W.J><k_

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H.,ry \\' ~ - :.rima All· !>an..- - "","'-J' And ..... I' t.m~~I - u,,,,,,n,oham Wotk II 101 ......... )'. _ Columbil .. M• ..,tW1 Timb<rla" _ lIorm'rcham Charb 1_ Tr'II<'nIo - MooI'-""Y

Th.., G. 1.<q; _ IIorm,,,,.,.m

N.,.,..e""mM,i.·.,:

Chorio;; N. M, _.)'. - _

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1>1 .1)' L,'n I~"," - 1>1 ... ,11'-'''''<1 (<<>".;",," 0" ~ 256)

cle opportunities 11 friday

ESTATE PlANNING WORKSHOP

HOlton. HuntsWIt Spoo .... td by: - . . . . SoOety ~ CfttIIIM Putlli< ACcountants ~ 16.0 Co5t:SISO

For Infonn.ttlm: (205) 834 7650

13 friday USE Of MICAOCOMPUTERS

Ul.W

fiRMS IN 1980s

Boo 118 iJ""'.Iofrtnon ow: Cente' S!:cnbi<l t>y - . . . !lor InstJMe for Cmtirung UgaI fnooIlon CMlrts: 3.0 Cost: $75

REAl. ESTATE AW'port BP4. r.IoOII! SponsorId tI';: ........... B¥ Instituff b" CominwIg t.gII EdDIion

"""",

~ Scto:lI 0( \.1w, BiI" • ..,....,.. Spoo ..... "" ll'i' CUmbI'IIand If'I$tItlMlCIr CI..£ aro:I the Estate P\anI'OIY;l CouncIl d Eliimirogham ~U< 72 ca.t: $75 Foc Infcrrnati<n (205) 87().2855

'"'""'"(205)"""34~9...... 6"""'"

TAX RlA TlIE GENERAL PRACTTT1OI<tEII Moi'Igi>'''Y a..c c.m... Spoo ..... t<I by: - . . . Bor IrosUn.U Jot-

Creo:*t= 6..0 Cost: $75

For ~

-~~

~ tIy. Montgomery Couf1ty

Co:ItirAJng ~ E4.mIan CreaoU< 6.8 ca.t: $75 Far Infomoatlcn (205) 3'9 6230

3 thursday

17-18

INSURANCE

Bar

Cre01s: z.o Cost: frN/_.iI)tr1 $15,"" .. "".. 6"

Von hrI (Me Center. H""tsVIIIe

""""'" "" ......

Spa .... "" tly. - . . . SIr IAStltute ftr

L.ADOA LAW INSTITUT'E n. _ _

Cmtts: 6..2 Cost: $7S For b.......aI;lo;. . (205) '3"0'"""''''

Spoo. . . . by: ~ lfOIiI

20 friday

3-4

REALESTATE

SECURED TlIANSACllON5. AllTlCl£ 9

(205)"".'8"'""'X

26 thursday REALESTATE

MonIII'J'IWIY ow: Celt« Spco .... eo tI';: - . . . Bor IrlStituIl ftr CootlOOOQ le9a1 E.durntion Credits: 6.0 Cost: 575 For Ir"Ifo'mation: (205) 348-623)

26-27 GO'o'ERNMEHT UA8lUTY The~. CI'ic3op Sp;w ...... ~ ReseiJtflInstiMe.

t¥

'oc CrW1ts: 15.2

Cost: S370/metrIb!n: 53951 rIOf\I lie.. II:leo S: For Inf~tlon: (3 12) 944.QS7S

.......

For~(Z14)600-2377

For lnIormIbon: (205) 26S4793

~1Iam-~ eM< Center Spoo ,"eo ny, AlaWma EI3r inst'tIM for Contl...,;ng l.tgaI EolucatIon 0'f<IIU: 6.0 Cost: $75 far Informotion:

FOIl TIlE VERY

.--..

19 thursday

17 thursday ESTAn;Pl..ANNI~

For Information: (2Q5) ~

REALfSTATE Von BrNI ow: Cema-. tNttMII! Spew .... l<I !;OJ: - . . . Bor InStitute ftr

MCo:ltvOme!Y Couf1ty CourtI'IouM

IoIOOtgome<y CMc CeI1!e< Spoo .... ed by. Alabama liar IrmlMe ftr Contioulng Legal t4Iation ~ts: 5..2 Cost: $75 FOIIrIr;m-.: (205) 34&6230

~ WI.

Fal~(zre)34IM23O

PIIAC11CAL ASPECTS Of REAL ESTATE

INSURANCE

~""'= F\eqI!ncy. NashYlIIi

Hyatt

.....

Spoo .... "" by Mlc!-sDutlo CormlomaIlaw

18 friday TAX FOIl TIlEGEHERAL PRACTTTlONEA &rrnongrIam-JefIersoo1 eMe Center Spoo ..... I'dll'i' ~ 6¥ 1n$titut.foc

"""'"" "" ~

6.B ca.t: $75 Far IroIannotio:n: (205) 348-QJO

CteWa: 15.4 Cost: 5225 For Ir'lformoIbt (6IS) 244-7S45

C/w(1OU:

4 friday

24 thursday

INSURANCE ~..IeIffOClll

MARITAL LAW

ow: Center

Sp;w .... eo tJy: AIatIami Bar lostitute for Cotrtloolog Leo3I EOu:atlon

I).oliity 1m. Airport Blvd.. Motoilt Spoo ..... 1'd by: Abtoai"i'l3 6¥ lostoMe ICIr Cootl~ Legal

EducatIon

CredIts: &2 Cost: $75

Cost;

Fer Information: (205) 34&6230

Far li'Iformation: (205)348-6230

10 thursday

2S friday

INSURANCE Qu;JIity 1m. Ai1:at fhd. _ Spoo .... td Ily: - . . . SIr lnsttM. ~ l.f9II EWatlcn Cfec1its: 6.2 Cost: S7S For InIormation: (205) 348-6230

S75

MARITAL LAW

ra-

Montgamf<)' CMc

c.m...

Spoo ..... Klll'i' AIaIwm 6¥ If'I$tItlM ICIr

""'""" ""

CcosL S7S

....."

Foc InfOlTT\!itlM: (205) 34&6Z3O

s.,....1,,, 191J5

lS friday

4 wednesday

EQUALEMP\.OYMENT lAW

HISS SURVEY OF ALABAMA lAW

PSYCHOt.OCy or A TIUAL

The BiItmOf'e. Pnoeni>: ~ i:IY' Defense FIese¥rI1ll\Strtute For Inlt'm'labon: {31Zl 944-<l575

Birrnnrjham-Jeffl'<SOll QvIc c.n!er Sport5o<ed t>j: IUilbiIma Bar Institute for

~ tlyo

29-nov. 1

"""""""

~'" For Inforrn.lti<:tl: (205) 348 6230

AIaWm.lSar IrmiMe fa" ContIooing Legal Edu<atIan Cost: 575 For Information: (ZOS) 34!MZ3O

21 thursday

6 friday

CootirlUing Legal EDJcation

31 thursday MARITAl. LAW VOti Br3o..o"I eMe Center. H....aville SpoolOOCe(I tIy: AJab¥n3 ea.- InstiMe for

Conth»og l.eg31Education Cost: 575 For Information: (205)3 ' 9 6230

1965 SURVEYOF AlABAMA tAW

BUSINESS TORTS AND AIfllTIlUST LAW

QualIty 1m. AirpM. BMt. Mobile Spon5t'<i'd tIy: Alabarm Bar IMtitute for Continuing legal Education

Sponson>d t>j: Comt>er\arII:J IrlStitute for

Cost: $75 For Informiltiort (205)34&6230

21-22 FEDERAL TAX CUNIC Forgusm c.nter.lJnivo>r"'tY of Alabama, ,~

SpoolOOCed by. UruversiIy of AIiIbama.

Alabama Society of CPAs, Alabama State Bar. Alabama Bar Institute

1 friday

Cm! i ~

MARITAL lAW

For InfonnMlOO: (205) 348-6222

Birmingham-Jefferson CMc Center Sponsom:j by. AIaWr\a Bar InstilUle for Contlttuirlg legal Education Cost: $75

13.8

22 friday

For InforT'MIIort (205) 34&6230

1985 SURVEY OF AlABAMA LAW MOntQOmel)' Civic Center Sponsored tJy: IUiIIWna Bar Institute for

7 thursday

Cootioolng LeQaI Education Cost: S7S For In/om'IatIon: (205)34&6230

CRIM INA.L LAW ~

Civic Center

ContirUng le9aI Edu<atioo Cost: $75 For InIorm.nI(:rt (205) 870-2865

ESTATE ?tANN ING

EIirm!ngham-Jefferson CMc Center Spoo",""" tIy: AI3b.lma Bar Institute for CtintirUng Legal Educatioo Cost: $75 For InflmIatiof> (20513'8.(;230

12 thursday TIUAL TACTICS 8irrrOngIIam-.leI'Ierooo CMc Center Sponsored by A1aI>am/I Sar Institute for Continuing Legal E£luc;;tion Cost: 575 For In1omIiItion: (205) ~

12-13 BAD FAITH

MIfTiott. New Yeti< CIty

Sponsored tIy: AJabama Bar InstItUle for ContirlUirlg legal Educatim Cfedj~ 7.2 Cost: 575 For InfmMtiort l205) 34&6230

Sport5o<ed I>y Defense ReseartII lrlStiMe For Information: (3 121 ~s

13 friday 8 friday

TlIIAL TACTICS

CRIM INAL LAW BirmingllillThJefler'$Of1 CMc Center Spo..SOOeJ ~ Alabama Bar Institute for

S!",,,.,,,eo ~ Alabomil Bar Inst:itute for CootIno.in<.I LogaI Edocatioo Cos'!: $75 For Informa!lcn l205) ~

Moot gomer)' CMc Center

CootiOUll'l!l Leg3l1'.o:lllcatior1 COS1O$75

~ts;72

For

Inf~

(205)

13-14 14 thursday

3 tuesday

1985 SURVEY 01' ALABAMA LAW Von IIr.m CMc Center. H... tsvIl..

PSYCHOLOGY Of A TlIIAL

5ponoorI'(I ~ AIaIlama

Bar Institute for Cootinui,," leQal ~

Cost: $75 For lniormat!on: (205) 348 6230 TM AIofto .... {"","

"""""""

~ ~ Alabama

Bar InstituW for Continuing I..eQaI EdU<ll!iolT Cost: $75 For I ~ (2:05)34&6230

CAPITAL unGATlON 5hemcn Pl'I1mrter Sooth. BirTningtJam Sp;> .... eo ~ Alab3m1! State Bar. Alabarm Crimm.1Defi>rlse La¥.;m AS!:ccio!l<n. Natimal ~ of Crimi",,1Defi>rlse La¥.;m Cre<lrts, I 1.0 For InforrnatIOIT, (205)264-<J286

.\I"m b., . o::

j.a .... 0 . ....... ' _ (;.0.0." AI<> II' ~""" _ 110""'....... II<Ih . ...

"""'_-*' Jtny M 11'", ... _ 11",,,,,.

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l'atn<k

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§ ]p) 1111' lilt Serving the Nation's Legal Profession

Hawau's ~auUruIAlUolanll"ale which houses the s tate Sup"'"", Coun. wa s Just n fteen rears old when ~'Ir.l1 American Title Company wa~ Cluabllahcd In 1889. Today from HawaJrs court hou~. across the land 10 faroffl,!ac<:s like CU P"'. l'Ucrto Rico and the tJ nUed Kingdom , First AmerIcan S<'rvu the legal l'rofesslon . As the nallon 's thIrd Largest Ulle Insu~r. ""C are proud of our growth a nd our unique splrl! and dedication tha t ",,15 us apart from all othersl If Ws service you nttd... gel th e ~'Irst American Spirit!

First American Title Insurance Company STATE OFFICE: 1529 FOURTH SL NEW ORLEANS. LA 70115· (S04f 895-9911 NATIONA l ".OOOV . "'[" 1 I .. E ' ''1 .. 51

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SERVIN Q TiTlE IN SUR"..,CE NEEDS THROUGHOUT THE UNITE D STATES

-vfiJitJlm with The FU$I Americun F"",nt;'iQI Corporolion

9.\iding the

Circuits Esca mbiH Count y Bar Association The Escambia C(}unty Bar hosted I he fClllllal invest itun! June 14 of Circuit judge Earnest Ray White and District judge Gordon R. Batson at the Eocambia C(}unty Coort路 house in Brewton. A crowd of over 300. including friends. relati\'cs. judges and local at lorneys. "ltcnded Ihe in\路csti路 lure. White was appointed by W\'C'rnor Wallace to fill the ncwly-created second circuit judgcship for lhe 21st Judicial Circuit. Upon judge White's elevation 10 lhe circuit COlIrt bench. Balson was appointed district judge for the 21s1 judicial Circuit.

Lauderdale Bar is eXlcnded lojustice jOne!. the Alabama Bar [n5t i(Ote and those lawyers who gave of their time preparing for and lectu ring at the semi nars. Ralph Young will sen'c as prt'Sidcnt of the Lauderdale Bar for 1985路86 with the assistance of 8i\\ Musgrove serving as vice president and Roben Burdine. Jr .. as secretary-

;\lcUtll (teft). IIclmsi"lI , il ' t

I . lia Ison

Broox G. Garrett. Sr.. past president of the Alabama Slate Bar and the oldest practicing attorney in Escambia COUnty. offered remarks on his many ;'cars aSa practicing attorney in the 21st Judicial Circuil and lhe many changes thaI had occurred during that timc. Fo\\owing the close of the investitun!. a r~ption was hosted b;' the Esca mbia County Bar. and the womens' auxiliary of the bar served rcfrt'Shmems.

La ud erd ale County Bar Msoc iation The Lauderdale Bar Association compleled a successful year Wilh election of new officers in their Ma y meeting. justice Richard Jones conducled a seminar in [kcember 1984. and a seminar was sponsored by lhe Alabama Bar Institute for Cont inu ing !.egal Education held in Flore""". Alabama. during Law Week 1985. The gratitude of the

Mobi le Bar Associa tio n Over 100 members of the Mobile Bar Association at ICnded a luncheon june ZI. hOllQringJudge Dan T. McCall (Om/in _cd on {>Og< 282}

JAMES G. MUNGER AND ASSOCIATES F"nI_nglSo'.ty Code Con_ ...... Fw.Jb oIooio<V Uobili1 V In . . .. igofion.

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3~O!6

The Young Judge b, G ro~"r

The young jUCIge ~ looked at Alldrew 'ThornoIs Slandins in the doorway. Wrlpillient~ watIll1!J lor him 10 reply.

S. Mcl eod

dreMed on a 'JIIbY suit. Hill ia<:e was upi I yet, his eyD r.tered intmsity. while hol tall, Slem·1aud J1\III'InO!f

jury wluch was to try his CMe "9"instthe company: "Dor God. t;We us from the ~ and wlit"mlgcMiM!d by I~che..ling 01 Alabama Fu.I and Iron IIgIIinsI its em~ F~ l~ ~ deknd"9 lhem - they do ...,. know lhe sulfning and moserv lhal client has caused

wa550offiNIanddemardng. Thejodgt

1~~oIthisStat~ "The~

ra.sed his eyebrOWII and """"'" ... jaws a$ ~ he ...... re chewins hiI cigar, though;t "'a!I in his MOO; t.... n in" voice of r~· 1m. he said to him, "If I m~st. 1mUSL But Andrew. I don't Wilnt to!" • JI>dge. you must _ it', boon a long ....aring - we're w;siting - aU tOe Ol ne.. char..:tt1" "";tnesses howe testified," the ~ ionpllI;enrly said, ....... king ~ very dear ,....., he intended lor 11", young judgoI: to riM and IoIow him - and he

rnomting Alabama Fuel and Iron _ $0 taken aback that he did ...,. .x.;..cl 10 lhe statemen1 , loll hit; case. allP"aled and wM told by Ille high court lhat becauS(! he dod ...,. objecl, therewas ooenodor it to e xplore . Theyoungjudgo:hadbeen .... ~ to tesllfy on behalf. He had ignored lhe wbpoena. even the cab from the bill" commissioners to appear and g.ue ew:Iencc .. to the character 01 the dtlcndant. OIher judges and prorrt. nero! \awytH ahead.., had teslified that

He ..... atall.~set~.who_

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bl<lIY on the ninth IIoof

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Iou, ocherb¥~rs""""ehold

Dawoo'sgenerilOl <eputation_good.lt

ing a heanns lor W.A. Dmoon, a prorT"trom! damage Wit Iawyu who had been

had been;on imptllJlllOn, bul ""'"t had done ~ ~" waf tlvexpecled II-Ong to do; then. """"t did ~ mailer? A lawyer was supposed to kaYe good character or rise Ilewould no! be practicing; lhenwhy ohould no! judget and lawyers Step forth 10 hell> 10 lawyer on Ir0I? The lawyer on trial was charged Wllh solicitation 01 damage wts and lhe al· le<nl'ltO bribe a "';t"'"". His ~I $UCcaa asadamage suit ~ had gor>o! 10 hill hNd; he had b«on '" 10 arrog;>nt and. sdf-ccnlered lhal his ~r.." "", NIucing hill compet,tcn, had convinced the lead· ers 01 the bar that Denson had 10 gO. Denson Ie.amed about the bar's <:Iecision, bulloolishlo,l conunued to handle hlmselt in his old way. U ~ he were above and beyond the dilcipline oIlhe organized 'oar. He aIw.>y$ had had a sharp tongue, but /II he became more .",cessflll , he

prachcing law for 3S !>'t'ars. He hIw:I spoerl! mo)$l 01 his legal Care-er wing large corporatiorl$, and in doing i1, he had been a fearless. bodacious trial ~r. with a record 01 cOr16iderabie WCCe$$. He had auacked the: toIl)OI'iIt'o:>n defendants as t~ they nnded 10 be erO<iCilted. His tactia had been COI\dernned by lhe de· fenK b.1I,. but WIthout 1lUCC<'$S. ~ had beer1IOOSlrong. tooclewr. ashe not only knew !hit basic law, but was well wned in , ...... taclics. He hi>d been $0 IlUCCa./ui lhiI' tome _ that he had au-' , .... Worir.men'. Compensation Act 10 be P/I6Wd He may Nove - his hlil ,ed for AL>t>am/I F..el ",nd Iron is Ie· gend¥y. It .. Nid that one. he opened a trial in P('~ City "'lh a Il'IO$t uocommon praver, and tile praver w3sIleard by the

had begun 10 show In court a disdain lor his oppOISIlion .. ~ he were lhe only law· yer present with brarns. He was no! cri,o c~, but he abo hadsolid 1egaIcn-mec. nool.. HOI IIII!wr·i... law ...... a chid justice 01 the sup<'IfIV court. His bo-ocher was II 0-<: ...1 judge Ve1 , he I.lo:ked ttv tact 01 these 1"'-'0 men. He had a ",,:•.nalion 01 bo-lIWIing in <;ou.l, demanding and getting .... waywilhJUdgeswhorn he intimidat...:! by lhe lCOre. He earn...:! a pistol. some· times ,n M pockel or else strapped 10 his leg. And he o/t"n threa'e~d to uS(!~. He also rendered an a""""""" appearance. HIS lac. was IIl . ed a. his hair. His bushy ~ shaded crafty eyes lhal some· times were .. red •• hoI coals. He was

till. he;WY-Ht Wllh an ~ de· meilIlOf that dem;mded tv haw his way. His~inCOUl1_ohmenoud>

to win c&lft from _ but I .... lear1e5s. Voung \awytH ohm cringed when lhey mel him in court. and he talk...:! <boJn to them abouttlv-o" I.lo:k 01" k~ and skiDt. M Olt bowye •• and judges did not want I confrontltion "";th him. as he seemed intent on lighting.. one way or another. He oflen spoke 01 rlghling ltv other lawyer wilh his fists or with his wo:oaponS. Thus, whether by courtesy or f..... r. every lawyer andjudge lhat Denson had cilled in hOI own defense had Inri·

lied thai hill """,lation """" good. "Good - gOOdI" hod been lheir re· pIin to hoi QUeStIOn iIbout Ius general

reputatIOn. AD had lestified except McBroy; lhus.the heanngwas In short recess ",twe Thomas """,1 lor young Judge McElroy. DeniOO stood by lhe counsel table Wllh hos hands o n hts hips. his face stem and hos I, nted r...:! halr combed hi9h on his being c\06(:iy eyed by a hund,ed or more spectators. The 'oar

he"".

commisslOneu having the dut~ of hear· ing the matteT "",re sitTing back in their cMirs. Denson $aW the ~ng iud9I' sniding t"",ard him; he intently wMched him pM$ the stacks which held the out · of·state report s. He smiled and. in a moot solicitous It\/Inner. walked t"",ard the door to mtt! him. "Judge. l"m gJad tMt ~·w come; 111 lake ~ nex t - ~ won·t b<! herevef}' long - 1"Ujust ask ~ acoople 01 ques· t"", _ " "I don·t recommend thai ~ call mil. Denson," replied the iud9I'. his eyelids flickering as he chewed OIl his cigar. "Why?" asked lhe i;,wyer. his fa.ce flushing, becoming much redder. His lower lip drOOped. then quiwred. while his <lY"s steeled. "I can't help \lOll!" "You milan something is wrong with my CMracter"" Denson asked with an adam.-.nce which mIlant tMt irrespectiw of the judge·s revealing to him tMt he would nol give him a lavorable report. he would use him as a witness. which would thereafter perplex lawyers lor years. as much as why he had defended himself rather than employ a lawyer, for it has long been a legal adage: • A lawyer who represents himself MS a fool for a client!" ··1would advise \lOll not to caD mil as a witness." 10.. judge warn«<! lor the sec· ond lime, "as I would b<! unr:!'!r oath _ would have to teD the truth!" ·'1 dare ~ to all;ock my character _" Spectators saw t he conIrontation. They eyed them and noisily whispered. Whal was b<!tween lhe two men? ··Attack!" "Yes-" ·'Don·t cal] me!" ·'1 want to hear wMt ~·ve gOt to say about me!" he said. spittingout hiswords - he said it as though he intended to use his gun on the ~ng judge. Reason had left him. The whole procedure already had become persoroi . During the COlIrse 01 more than a WOlek of testimony Den· son had diVIded. the courlhouse InIO lOOselor him and tOOse lor the corporale world . Denson clrorfy slood _inst the corporate world _ and he had suppOrt· ers - but that was expected. Ti~ W/lfe Mrd. COOntry was in the midst 01300pression.11 was March 1936. Den· SOn ·slot was with the have·nots, though he had plenty. He was a damage suit lawyer who had sided with the injured

n..e

and maimed and made a lot of money because 01 it; "V<m SO. he consoocred himsellto be a wanior on behalf of hIS clillnts. pitting himself _insl the railrol>ds. corporations and insurance com · panills. It was not Denson, a person, bul Denson the lawyer. the wanior who fought them. His f;oce redckn«<!. He swded from the "Ifront - he was us.e<l to fighting the corporate lawyer - the jl.ldge$ who $ided with him - guls, it seemed to It\/Iny thlll he had apf<mty. He sincereiy felt thai he was a part ol a class struggle. "",ybe ewn a parI 01 a religious Il'ICI\I>!ment. though he was a rich man and tived in a big house_ Men were being killed on picket ~ne. - children WOlre hungry because their fathers did not Mve work - class hatred was in the winds _ Denson'. mind was SO clouded by his personal in\o'Ol"""""nt in tNs class struggle that he was not able to use the skiDs tMt he professed he had. as he often called himself "the stale's greatesl damage suit lawyer." His temper would be his urido;ng! "Orocr in this room"· loudly declared Files Crenshaw, thecMirmanof the foveIt\/In commission, and he rapped on the table lor order. The large. beautijulfy decorated room, Mving an ex traordi. naf}' mural 01 Alabama history on its wah, was pocked with reporters, t;w..,.ers. court· house personnel and hangers-on . It was a cause celibre. The famous Denson was on trial for his professional Me. And he was defending himsell. Some said that he was ""'king a circus 01 the proceeding. He deg.-aded witnesses. the prosecutor and competing damage suit lawyers and neg<lted the ability of the bar commis· sioners. The newspapers carried daily a.ccounts of his atta.cks on lawyers. the ra,roads, large corporations and insurance companies Denson claimed "",re out to disbar "the best damage suit lawyer in this state:' It was a rough and tumble procedure. Threats and counter Ihreats had been made daily between Denson and the handsome, silver tonglled Roderick Beddow, who would soon come to be the state·s most promi· nent criminal t;w..,.er. His courage soon would become k>gend. He would try hundreds of celebraled CaSeS whOch would make his name as weU.known as that 01 the governor. "Who will you haw, Mr. Denson?'" -Judge J. Russell McElrOOj."

"Swear in the judge." Denson stood in lhe cenler of the room like a lion lamll" quiet came over the room. AU ey.es focused on him, sensing thedrama; it was as thougheveryone presenl recOgnOzed tMt the trial was about to rea.ch a clilt\/lx. Heretofore there had been lengthy testimony about Denson chasing cases _ but that was not uncommon then Or even now - lawyers have 10 eat. It was common knowl· edge back lnen thai most of the success· lui lawyers gOl their cases by runnerS to whom they obviously paid commissions; this had be<>n offset by testimony Irom ft dozen lawyers and judges who sworelMt o"nson·s char;oclerwas good. The l<'Stimony about hisaltemptto bribe a witness to C""rIgI! his lestimony was not SO Strong thaI reasonable men could skirt it. He asked the ~ng judge the usual identifICation questions. rec~ the proper answo>rs: bul this was not the usual wilness. Denson's ey.es WOlre as shiny as a fo x·s with I>ri9ht light on them as he direcled the following question$. "'Are you acquainled with W .A. Denson?" "Yes." "Are you acq",,;nted with his reputation in the community"'· His questions WOlre always short, terse and vef}' proles· sionaI. Even his critics would have agreed thaI he had the s kills of a good trial lawyer_ "1\$ 01 the present time?" "And belore the present time?" -Y<'S,sir." "Ever since \lOll MVO! been here?" "Yes. sir. I would judge so_" "Is it good Or bad?" "I would ralher not answer thai. Mr. Denson,"he replied and ne~bIinked his ey.esand made che...,;ng motions. The atmosphere re.!ked with dram.-. as Den· son, with his MndS on his hips and his """" steeled, faced lhe \IOIlng jlJ(\ge. standing only a few leet Irom him. "Wen. I ifl$ist on an answer:· he Caus· lically asked. as ~ daring him to say the

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"AD right. sir. It is unfavor~bIe!" Denson·s face reddEned. Wrinkles Came to his neck. He glared at the judge_ He angrily la.ced him. It was evident 10 the keen ob.....-vers that the ape ~ 01 the

(rial had been r~",hed. "Do ~ know his reputalion as to lfuth and vera.city?'"

"J think so." "AD right, sir. Is it good or bad?" "Nor favorable!" he replied. n-ewas a loud mUmlur in the hearing room. All wondered why IXnson had called as a witness a judge who obviously had pre· viouoly tok! him that his testimony would be unlaVOl"able. He had to have known something about the kind 01 man McEl· roy was. He was oot an ordinaty judge; previously he had distinguished himseK by doing the unheard 01 and. campaigning i>g<linst an incumbent fellow judge, de· ci;l.ring Ihroughoul lhe county lhat the judgewas incompe1""t. And hewas' The incumbent judge was handily defeated. • And do you know his reputation as a i;l.wyer?" "I do: "Is it good or too'>" "Unfavorable." And thus. the testimony 01 the young judge ended, but lhe elfectsliogered On ~ke bad pe-rfume or dust after a noisy explosion. !t also made an impact Of! the defendant tryinghisown case, as i;l.ter on during lhe proce<ldings he attempted to

inject into the rKord that lhe young judge had a reputation for tampering with juries. He """n rn<><Ie the statement to the commission that the judge shuffled the cards 01 the jurors in lhe jury box SO thai he WdS abk to pick thoso! thai he wanted to serve. But he was uMbk to introduce any evidence as to this char!!". and. thus, his case worsened and finally coli;l.psed. Denson was disbarred, which was affirmed by the highesl court. He never practiced law as<>in. He became a lamili1lr, forlorn fogure al the courthouse; he was most always dressed mcorduroy riding pants. ;acket and sundown hat. He made a daily trip to the i;l.w ~brary. as ~ searching it lor loose pieces 01 his case. He read the ~brary's books, made noles. talked 01 the ok! days to thoso! whowould listen and snoozed on the lead"'r coxh. The young judge, on the olher hand. continued to Iry cases, some 01 which were the IllCIit ceororated cases ever t ried in Alabama.. one 01 which was State u. FuJi" •. Fuller was charged with the assassination of an attorney 9"neral nominate. McElroy became presiding

judgeol the IOthJudidal Circuil and professor oIlaw al lhe Universityol Alabama and Cumberland Law Schools. He au· thored the first treatise """r wrill"" On Alabama evidence. And in doing so, he probably read ewry Alabama case reo porled. He relired in 1977 aft'" having served lor more tMn 50 years as a circuil the name 01 J . RusseU

Birming· Sou/hern C<)/·

FBI SpeCial Agent Career Opportunities Tile FBI lin initialed I search for qual i' ied candidate.'o, Ihe »oSition of S.,ecial Agent. Appl icants must be U.S. citizens, uailable lor aSSignment in Ihe U.S .. betw""n 23 Ind 35. POs.eu valid d,i'."1 license and be in e . cellent physicII condiHon allowing use 01 lirearms and delensive tactic •. Th" .. are liv .. entry programs: 'Law; J.D. or l .t.B. degree from resldenl law school. 'Accounting: BaChelor's degree with accounting major. Musl be eligible to take CPA .. um. -Language: Bacrn.lofsdegree. rtu ..ncy In Chinese. Aus.ian. Arabic. Sl"'nish, and ....;ety 01 Slav;c language •. -Engineering/Sciene,,: Bacl\elo " s deg ree in el&elrical. mechanical Or compUler science engin""'ing. 'Modified; Bachele>(s deg roM' plu. Illree years l ull time wor k experience, excluding summer and part-tima e mployment . The Bureau is curr .. ntly tasked witll primary InyesHllat;ve ,e • .,onsibiliHe. in Organized Cri me, White Colla, Crime a nd Foreign Counte ,lnlelligenclI an<! has concurrent jurisdiction in narcotics mltte's. SA entry level sal~ry is 52.,011. ,I,ing to $30.01 J with in tlrst year. Wh ile the FBtis Civil Service u cepted agency . the' e 8'e • v~, ,ety 01 benelit. in U.S. G,wern ment service, includi nil re ti ",ment. II roup 1Ie~lth and Ii Ie Insurance p'O\Irams, Includ ing sic~ end vecation benel;t •. Ap~I;cal;""

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IOLTA - "NOW" Provides New Interest b, Row""" M. Crocker

TheAlobamaState Bar, through its Task ForceO<lIOL TA. is considering adopting o program allowing the pooling 01 otherwise unproductive client funds held ;n lawyers' trust accounts uno inrerest·"...,ring IXCO""," for funding !aw.related chariloble and public inlert'$/ activities. Adopted in 37 states, the concept is discUMOO h~ by task farce cMinnan Rou.oen:> M . Crocker and nwnber Stanley Weissman. IOl T A is an acronym lor "Interest On Lawyers' Trust Accounts .~ IOlTA is a p1"ogr-am allowing lawyers and law forms to es!ablish interes!.bearing trusl accoonls for cliem lund$ which are SO nominal in amount or which are expect'1d to "" ~kI lor such a shan period of lime IMt it is J\Ot p1"acbcalto earn and account for income on individual c!ep;,sits.

HISTO RY IOlT A programs orijnaily were established in Austral;" and Canada in the 19t(ls and are active in 22 /'.r9ish-speakIng countries. When banking procedures"""" changed to permit interest to accrue on trust accounts. Florida undertook to imple"",m the first IOlTA program in the United States. To date IOl T A programs haw b<!en adopled in 37 Slates. altOOugh progr<lms are operational in only 21. From these 21 over S32.<XXl.<XXl have t.e.en colleo:ted in interest inc:ome.

Tl-IEO RY IOlT A is simple in coocept andopera·

tion. l1Ie lundamental premisoe 01 the pfOgra m is a recognition oIthe traditional role of allorneys who recl'ive funds in truSt from their clients to be hekl lor luture transac:ti0n5_ Although the Code of Pro{~1 ReSj}011$ibilil)! does J\Ot impose an affirmative duty on lawyer. 10 in~l client lund$. wheTe such deposits are signifICant in size or are to be held lor a signifICant period of time, the attorney customarily deposits lhem in an inte.-est · bearing account for the b<>nefit of the

client . However. many lawye •• ' trust ac· counts are so small in amount or are held for such a short period of time tMt t~ cost 01 administering individual accounts for each client or 01 having interest computed and allocated to individuaf clients exceeds the potential earningS. These client trustlund$ traditionally have be<!n deposited in assreg<l.ted non· interest bearing trust or che<:king ""countS. This certainly benefited the fiMrocial institutions, but "'It substantial amounts 01 m0ney idle in banks, earning J\O interest. The underlying tneo.y of IOl TA is to put these otherwiw idle funds tOVKll'k for c ""ritabk purposes by transfem ng them in the aggr"9"te to negotiable order 01 with<ira"",,1 {"NOW") che<:king ""counts which bear a hed rat" 01 interest. l1Ie inlerest earned on these funds would be paid directly from the financial institution to a not-for-profit corporation lor US(! in specified law-related pubtic interest activ. ities. l1Ie result is to provide for puhlic benefit without cost to the ta xpayer. the lawyer or the client. The proposa/to eStablish an IOlT A Pf09rarn in Alabama

ingcommilrnent to the development and suppOl1 01 activities to improve the "'sal

system.

[O l TA IN ALABAMA Alabama is proposing a voluntary Opt..,..,! IOL TA program 10 be estabIi$hed by the Alabaffiil State Bar Board 01 ComrnissioneTS. The approval 01 the Alabama Supr~'TYIol Court will be req l1ired ~rsuanllO §:J.4.3-43, Codec{ AI"bama.

1975. Certain question. ari.., concerning JOLT A. What are the lax cOflSIi!que"",," oIinterest generated by IOlTA accounts? What ;s, the3Vaitabililyoi NOW accounts lor uS<! in an [OLTA program? Are IOlTA programs vioI3tiV<! o/lhe "Taking" provision o/Ihe Fillh Am.mdment? What are ethical cons.ic\('ralion$ of the

al torneys de.o~ JIg wi1 h funds in eSC row or IrUSllunds?

TAX CONSEQUENCES In a proposed IOLTA program the

monies would be paid to the Alabama Law Foundation. lroc., a J\On.proIit cor· paration. The foundation has nine trustee> selected by the board of bar com· missioners, and up to six addilional trus· tees may "" seko<:ted by the board of Ifustees at its discretion. The IOLTA program .....,..rcJ be implemented and ad· ministered b!lthts foundation. All interest is paid to the foundation, and from this interest mon('tary grants will be made to fund permissible activity. The purpoSeS for which IOl TA funds are used must meet the criteria lor tax ex~mption under Sec. 501{c)(3) 01 the Internal Revenue Code. Purpose. which ha~ received favorable IRS rulingS are the Client Secunty Fund, IOlTA program administration, continuing legal ed · u<;ation, indi9.mt 1« programs. legal ser·

= == == ROIlV'nll M. Crocker meiwd her ""d~r' gr(ah.aJukgree from IIi .....i I1I(M m Sllltlh· 'm cm/eg<! and her law degreefrom II" Cumberland School of lAW. She pre..

I ntly str WSIl5 an llssislal1/ cily allllntey for Ih~ Cily of Birminglra nt and is Ihe choirman {Jf Iht Ala/><"'ta Sial. &r

Task Font! on 101. TA.

vices to the poor, COUnty and state law libraries and st..dent loallS and scholar· ships. Application would be made to the foundation on a yearly basis reqU<!sting grants. TIw grant proposals would be r""""""", by tile foundation and grants appr0pri3ted from the ""ailable accumu· lated funds. The IRS hill!; ruled that interest earned on these clienl trust accounts and paid to tile foundation lor the IOLT A program is not income nor taxabk! to either tile law· yer 0.- client> and the en! ire benef>eiary of tile IOLTA income .. the foun&tion. The interest will be reported to the IRS by 100 r,."",dai institution using t 00 10000ation's lax identif>eation number.

PERMISSIBILITY OF NOW ACCOUNTS TIw general coullSO!l of too Feder«l Re· System has opined that NOW accounts may be utilized in the IOlTA prOgram by any parlicipating law firm, soW! practitioner. partne~hip or profes· sionaI association and lor ad deposits held in trust for individUi>ls, partnerships and others_

... Ne

diminished, and IS not oc""""",aIlv capablo cf 9"""raMg not inccme through c\epco.its "" investments Ie!jiIIty lot Iowye". """' funds, ,lie clie-n' ret ..... no me""""itui right 01 control .. cop! to '''''''''''' ,lie prine..". upon • reQuest made beIor. " .. pro-

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p<rt,/ up<ncied. •

TIw favorable "'ling by thecouns tOdate on this issue certainly ",*aks to a posi_ tive and encouraging attitude thilt the courts hold toward IOlTA programs.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The lawyer's traditional fid"''''1)1 obIi· gations to s.aleg""rd lunds for tile benef,t 01 the client would remain unchanged. No new doosioml burden would be im· pOsed OIl tile lawyer. Lawye~ would conlinU<! to soundly exercise tile" di$cretion in determining whether a given c lient's trust depo$,t was of a sufficient si~e or duration to justily placemo!nt in a

""""rate interest-bearing account, and no charge of ethical imprOpriety or pro. fessioml rni$condu<;t shall attend an exercise 01 judgment tn that regard. An IOlT A program is fully consi$tent WIth the lawyer's ethical oi>ligatlQl1$ under Canons 2 and 8 of the Code 0/ Profes· sional ReSponSibility to ""'ke Ie9/II serv>:es more fully avai'"-bk and under Canon 9 to provide for the administration 01 justice. (ABA FDm\iIJ Ethics Opin' ion No. 348, dated July 23. 1982)

CONCLUSION An IOlTA program will provide tile Alab;)"", Slale Bar with funds to eXPilnd

its own programs desigr.ed 10 enhance tile proiess;on and also to aid many O1her programs haV.n9 impoct UIX'" tile d<!lrv. ery 01 and access to Ie!}III services at a critical time when traditional funding sources are becoming scarce 0

SCARLETT O'HARA DIDNl HAVE TO GO TO WAR OVER TARA.

DUE PROCESS IOl T A so lar has withstood the coort chaUeroge . Two """"rate lawsuits have been f,1ed test ing the legality 01 IOL T A prOgrams in Califorma and FlorIda. TIw Fiondacase, f,led in the U.S. \1idd1e District of FlorIda, alleges tnat lhe payment of interest earned on a client's pnflCipai held in trust to a bar foondation consti · lules a taking altlle client's prop('rty in contravention of lhe Due Process Clause of tile Filth and 14th Amo!ndments 10 too U.S. Constitution. A prelimonary injunc· tion has been denied. Gloeser, et aI v. The FIorido &r. e/ al. CA No. 84· 1345, CN·T-13. In Corral! v_ State &r of CoH. lamia, Court No. N22139 (San Diego Sup('rior Coon), the California Court of App('a1s ruled in December 1984 tile Slate's IOLTA prOgram did not violate tile dL>t' process clau .... The cou.t held the client suffered no reo! economic loss since fIe1 ifICDme aft",. allsetting transac· toonai costs as<>inst the "",crued interest would be nil. at best. S""h an "abstract" economic interest is not subject to rrone· tary comp('n.. tion nor .. it subjectta the prote<:1ions of the F~th Amendment. The California court concluded:

If Sca rl~11 had insUfL'-d Tara with tit le insurance from Mississippi Va llL-y Title, Soc 'o\-uuldn't have had to lie, cheat or steal to 1'<010<:1 her IlfOlJCrtV. That's bL>cau~ we dd~rn:l your client's t itle against all challeng,~. w you don't have 10 fight banlL'S for the« . ight>_ And that's why IJI'OPle all <:wef the country cllOOl<l MVT 10' their title insurance needs_ INe have a staff 01 dL'-dicated profL'Ssionals and are fully com llutcrized to serve you quickly arn:l efficiently. Inw.e with Mississ ippi Valk'\' Title - so one day you won'l find your real estate KOrte with the wind.

Mlululppi Valley Title Insurance Company llome orfic~, Iio<""",. MS J9Ml5 ____

·So long as tho prir>:ipal05 O«U"'. not

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AIl You Wanted to Know About JOLTA But Were Afraid to Ask

Sla n]"y W"issman

Q . What ;,; IO tTA (l nt",.,;;! on la"'Yi'YS'Trust Accounts)?

La"""".'

A IOLTA or Interest On Trust Ac~ounts is quih~ simple. Anorneys Ollen re<:";ve funds 10 be placed in trust knlUlu,,, us.e. lf the amount 01 the funds is large or if the funds"", to be held II long lime, tho! attorney would be e xpected to cWposit these funds in an interesl-bearing account SO hi. Or herd;"nt would oblain the imerest. H""""""",. ~ the amount 01 the fund. is small or ilthe funds are to be held II sOOrllime it is ;mpra.:licable for theattorney to put (he moneyin an intere.t · bearing<>ccoont because too amount 0/ inler<$l eamed would be Jess lnan the cost of SElling·up and administering the

a.coount. Until a f~ yeat5 ago. American Iawyo.>rs could put such small amounts Or short· term funds in comrrurogled non'nteJes" heanng checking accounls. However now in many states. such as Florida, North Caroli"" and Maryland. JOLTA pro. srams have """" instituted and "nomey. now place ,hese small Or shorHerm funds. which would Otherwise be idle, in int~nest ·bearing accounts. and tl\(' nesulting intenest is for· w.:>. ded to a chantable o.g<mization ",hich ultimately distrib. utes tn.. money for uS(' in law·.elatw public inter~st programs. It is to be emphasized that to the extent that interest on any c!i('nt"s deposit could be uS('d for tl\(' benefit of tr.e client , tr.e IOl T A programs do not alter tr.e long·standing fiduciary obi;g.,tions of tr.e iegaI profession, Q. What do th~ fOLTA programs do?

A. The interest earned from the deposit of smaO funds and short·term funds is S('nt to the state bar founda tion Or other organizations which hall(' been desJgnated to receive and distribute IOlT A funds, Foremost among the uses of the IOlTA money is the provision of Ie9<>f aid to the poOr. At present. 10 programs have distlibuted IOL T A income: FIonda. New Hampshire. CoIoriKlo. Minnesota. MaJYIand, Delaware, Creson. Virginia. California and Illinois. In all of these programs at least IIO':t 01 tl\(' money has b«n given to provide IesaI S('rvices to the needy - almost .$13 million, Anotl\('r approximately $1.1 million has 90ne to assist law students and law'r~lated educa· tion programs and to fund <>dmin,stration of justice projects. Generally speaking. tn.. uS('s for which the IOLTA money have been approwcl are legal aid to the poor. law· related education (including student loons) , the administration of justic~ and other programs for the public interest as approved

by the state supreme courts. In a few separated cases otl\('r prOposed uses ar~: to provide aid to law reform projects (Hawaii); tn.. develo~nt of lawyer referral programs, de· velopment of acbent security fund and improvement of griev· ance and disciplinary procedures in the bar (Norrh Carolina); to help Pf"W"t clime (South Dakota); and to COWl" adrruni$. trative expenses of IOLTA programs (California and R~

Among the <>ctual uses of IOLTA Funds in tl\(' a~ men · tKlIled 10 programs are providing supplementary suppon for federally funded legal services programs. bar associations pro bono programs and other legal projects sponsored by private, law sc hoot and c hurc h· related organizations. Among these project 5 are a dis<! billt .... s advocacy Center and a dome .. hC violence project. Some grant~es are usn'' GIOLT A funds for addiTional staff Or general support: ~r. otl\('r grantees are ;ni'iating or supplementing senior advocacy projects. juvenile programs, family law dinics. guardianship programs Or representation of tl\(' institutionalized and handicapped, Q.Is ' h~ id~a of an IOLTA program new?

tn..

A. No. Sometime agO. in S('arch for 'I<'W funding sources for the operation of ,he organized bar and for JesaI """""'es delivery programs. S<Mlral Engiish·speaking jurisdictions de II('loped program. which placed dients' funds in interest· bearing accounts. The im ....... t 9"nerated tl\('n was uS('d for legal aid and other projects to impmw the admi !listrat"", 01 justice. The development of these programs in common·law jurisdictions was facilitated by two factors: one, ,he bar was r"9\llated, and. two. tl\(' banking system provided interest· bearing demand deposits. In tl\(' 1960s the bars ina number ol British and Canadian juli.ruc,io!1s established IOl T A pro· grams which used the mor.ey 9"nerat~d to support Ie9aI aid, law Hbrari%. schola.shipS for law students, dients' security funds and ~ts for the improvement 01 the administration 01 justice. Since then the idea of IOL TA has spread widely. Q. How ..... idespread are IOLTA programs? A. S;nc., 1912 there have been ,n ~xistence IOLT A prCl9rams in 22 English.speaking jurisdictions. including Canada. Australia and South Africa. Such programs are currently in oper· ation in tr.e Republic 01 South Africa. Southwest Africa. Zim· babwe. the Australian States 01 VICtoria, New South Wales. South Australia, Queensland and the Australian Territory, and also in tn.. Canadian Providences of Ontario. Albena. Manitoba. New Brunswick. Prince Edw.:>rd Island, Nova Seo-

tia, Saskatchewan, Q~be<:, Yukon, the Nonh"",st Territo> lies and British Columbia, In the UnitM States there are 18 oponational IOl TA PTOSrams: Florida. California. klaho, Mar,rLlnd, Colorado, New Hampshire, Minnesota, Oregon. Virginia. Illinois. Oklahoma, Delaware, North Carolina. New Yorl<. Utah. Vermont. Arizona and Kansas. In addition, 17 other states' IO l TA prOgrams have be<m appfOV(!d by the state supreme court or enacted by thestate legislature. These PTOSramS are: NiNada, Hawaii, Georgia, South Dakota, Texas. Nebraska, Mississippi, Connecticut, Washington, New Mexico, Arkansas. Missouri, Tenr.essee. Rhode Island. Iowa, Ohio and Louisiana. Q . Why is an IOlTA program needed in Ala bama?

A. Approxi"",tely 85% 01 the ieg;ll needs of poor peopk,o in Alabama a re presently unmet, According to the data of tn.. United States Census Bureau. the jXlVerly population of the state 01 Alabama in 1980 was approximately 720.@ also according to a Study by the legal Action Support Project 01 the Bureau 01 Social Scie!)Ce Research, using data collected by the American Bar AsISociation and the American Bar Foundation it was estimated appro~imately 23% 01 the])OV· erly population would have one or mora ktgaI problems In a year. It was stated tr.ese ligures do oot t&ke into account individuals v.'th multipk,o legal p!'obJemsand. thus. the estima · tion seriously may uoo..rstate the actual ktgaI req u.rerr>ents of the pOOr. In 1984 the three fi<.1d programs supported by the Leg3l Services Corporation closed approximately 23.150 cases, When thIS numt...r is compared to the r.eed as esti . mated from the 1980 figure for the poye1'ty populatIOn and the estimatIOn of the ktgaI requir<!m<mts of indigent peOple, it is seen that only about 14% 01 the Iegai r.eeds are being taken care of, It is to be understood that these numbers are only approximations and estimates. The unmet "'sal r>«ds oIthe poor are probably greater because u""mployment to t 00 state 01 Alabama has i!)Creased signifocantly since 1980. and the standard for eligibil ity for help from the foeld prOgrams is 125% of the pO\I«rly level. Also, the roeld PTOSrams pn?$ently are getting appro ximately 80% 01 the funds which "",re p!'0I.'ided to them 1n 1981. Also, an IO l T A program is ""eded because in recent years the funds available for student k>ans and the administration of justice projects have been reduced suhstantially and. in addition, law libraries should be maintained and expanded. Participation in an IOl T A prOgram presentsan e~celkmt opp:mun· ity for additional public service by the Iegai and fir./lnc:ial communities 01 the state of Alabama , Q. How ,,"'(HJld a n IOlTA progra m a ffec t my c urrent trust fund prac lice? A If an IO lTA prOgram is adopted in Alabama which '" similar to the PTOSrarns thaI have already been instituted in 50 many states such as Florida. the progfi>m """,Id impose 00 new decisional burden upon Alabama attorneys. Lav.yers always have had to e xercise their sound judgment in deter· mining whether a panicular trust deposit was oI.uffic"'nt size or long enough duration to justify placing it in a separate interest-bearing account with the interest payable to the client. Under an IOlT A PTOSram attorneys still retain tlUs

dOscretion and will conti n~ to make fiduciary decisions based upon considerations 01 associated costS, tax ramifw:ations. practicability and other factors. Q . Is there som£suideline an a ttorney c a n use to de cide w hich trust dep05it5 a r e to be used in a n IOlTA program?

A. Yes. The pr09ram developed in Maryland uses a "$50 Benchmark _"lbe significance of thIS S50 standard is based On a s tudy do"" in Maryland to determi .... the cOSt and oItice overhead for a law firm o r an attorney to open upa passbook accOUnt for t he benefit 01 an indiVIdual client. This study takes into account the expense in securing the chent's Social Secu rity Number. Opening a passbook account, accounllng for the interest On the law r>rm's books. furnishing form l099at the end of the ~ar and accounting for the funds and issuing a check when the account isclosed.lbe Maryland study con· chxled aU these items would re<juire an overhead of at least $50, and therefore it would be econornicaUy impractical to apen an indiVIdual account unless it were reasonable to e~· peet the minimum amount 01 the interest 9f""rated would be $50. FoIlov.oing '" a table developed ,n Maryland shov"ing the amount of pri!)Cipai and the lengthol time needed to generate $5001 interest at51/4% compounded daUy,

.. ..

Principal De_ it ,

" "'""

Number of D~~'. 10 Ge no ", ' e S50

;00

$ 2,000 $ 5.000 $10,000

'",,,. •'" ""

The above table, or 0"" similar to it. can be used by an attorney to make a good faith judgment as to which funds should be used in an IOLTA PTOSram.

Q_ Does partic ipatio n in an IOlT A program dep rive the cli<onts o f the ir intere st money?

A. No IOlT A program ever uses interest money from chents' trust deposits wtuch are large eoough or hekl for a long enough lime interval togenerate interest in an amount greatet than too costs 01 establishing an interest ·bearing account . Only those client trust deposits which are nominal in amount Or held for short periods oIli~ such that il would be impractical and uneconomical to set up as a sep.:!rate acCOUnt are used. Thus. no c!"'nt i. deprived of any practicable i!)Come opportunity. Only those deposits for which the sum of the administrative costs to the law firm or atlomey. tOO service charges of the financial institution and the tax liability 01 dients is less than the interest yiekled would be used in an IOlTA program. TItat is to say, d the amount 01 rnor>ey or the duration the money held is such that the client can obuin inter..st in a practical fashion. the client's money is oot used in lhe IOlTA program.

Q. Can a n iOIto mey c o ntinue to inves t l rus t fund mo nies o n behalf o f clients if the att o rn"Y partic ipates in an IOl TA program? A. Y..s. When a client requests . inter..st'ea.mings should be

made availab~ to t..... d;"nt whenever possible on deposiled funds which are neilher nominal in amounl 00, ..... Id for short p"noos of ti"...,. As ,s t ..... customary pra.:tice. such large, short·temo eliem de posits or modesl deposits which are .....Id fo, a long lime are ,nve.ted by anorneys on interest·b<>aring ",:counts lor the b<>nefit of the cI;"nt.

Q . What are an attor ney"s ethical obligations under an IO l TA p rogram?

A. As in any other circumstance, attorneys aod law f,rm. are precluded from earning interesl on funds which tOey hold in lrusl lor dients. When a client requests, the earningS on deposited fundswhich are ootller nominal in amount nor held for s/'o:Jrt periods of ti"..., should be made available 10 lhotd;"nt whenever administrali""ly practia>l. Such large. shorl·term dient deposits aod moc\e$l deposits held for signifICant ti"..., intervals usually are in""sted by a tlorneys in interest·broring a.:counlS for tho dient'. """er.t with fu Ddisdowre. Formal Opinion 348 of tho American fur Association Slaod· ing Committee on EthICS and ProIessionai Responsibility was published in the N"",...",ber ]982 issue of tho Americon Bar Association Journal. In th .. opinion lhe commi!lee found nothing in 1..... Model Code of Professioni>l Re.ponsibinly t hat would prohiiJ;t any attorney from participaling in a slale authorized IOl T A program. similar to that established in Florida. That is to say. ~ the program used inte,est earned on bank accoums in which elients' funds. nominal in amount or to"", held for a short lime. were deposiled and lhe inlereSt was paid 10 a tax'e""",pt org.lmzmion to "'" used to fund law·related pui)lic interest prOjects, lhen there IS no conniet with lhe model eodo!."The Opinion stated in part "For several ,~_ porl'",pobon in I""", progrlO"'" dill ... sognifocant!y lrom lhe Iowyer', _ot"iM ......1..,ned onclionto' funds 10 delray the lawyer'. ""'" os:oer."n.g " . """"' •.• pta.:. toee which. as noted above.;" pr<>hibot"" by the model code unle .. the cliont consenl. al'~r full dioclo&u,•. Fi,st, "".ntion by a Iowyer ot" int"'es' earned on clion,.· funds i""";I>bIy plac.. ,i>o Iowyer·. ""'" fi ...."'ia1 interHIO in conlTi<t those 01 the dien' . The Iowyer who r<"lains the inl ..... t lias an ''''enti .... to delay diw",,,,,,,,,,nt 0/ the funds. Thai IS why ""nl """"nt afler fuU diociosu'e ;" a prereqUlSile 10 such Iowyer aclivity. In con"""t, a .,ate ... u'''o.... '''' program. by r<!<lOlring PIIymo'nt 01 ,f>e in,.r.. t to .. x'e""mpt orgoniuti<>ns no! ... ~''''' by the lawyer. poses no corJlkt between the 0/ the lawyet. fi"a",iaI in..""" 01 u,., elien' and

..i'"

,ha,

Second. the .....·.utl>ooz"" prosrllm5 are sub!ect '0 public 0/ on· t.....t earned on 10"..,...,. 'rust ac<""",.are ..1byOla'e~· tur.... ><1 ...t_ ,upteme coun • . As c~c""",onc.. ""'Y ",.,. ran', the ptograms may be altered by la", Anydir",,' U"" by. Iowyer 0/ "', ..... , on c"",,to' funds. on ,he oIher hand. would be virtually u""u~ and. in """,I 'Iat ... oub!ect '0 public r"""", ~ on complaint 0/ • clieo1t. Th,d, lawyer PII,ticipo'jon in t""", programs invoIwtr no commin.glins 01 funds beIongin.g to the di..,t aM the Iowyer. Srnce 011 the ..."''''' ;" pay""'- to the charil.bIE OIgiIniza'ion. mtere$! ~rned on the accoo.ont is no! ",,"n .rguabIy lhe law...... prop.rty. In con"""' . the lawyer', personol ,",ention 01 in'~..,.' on client 'rust fu'>ds would lead i""";t<tb!y to """"" comrron.glins. could lead to dispIlt .. beI_ the lawyer and <lomt. and frighl 5Ub!ect the a.ccount to cla",,. ~ by lroe lawyer', creditors.

..,,"'i"ll and o«oont"""",,. Precise .tandords 10< _

The model code af..,~. no du'~ to ob'arn prior con..."t or '0 noti/;l cbon" 01 the of tOOr lunds ,n tn. prostams des<:rib<:d above. Ahl>ough keep;n.g ,he <Iionl in· fOfl"Oed .boo.rt the program .. laudolory, here .... a pr>ct.:ai mailer. ,he chen", funds cannot be pille"" at ,nle,..! lor the benefit 01 the 1ndvidu.>l client. Therefore. ,he lawye, ...... no etlocal ' .. wnsibility '0"",""" ,he client lhe ,nte,..t .arned will be used ,,,,,,,,d Iur>d:ing 10",,,,10,,,,, public """"". project<. In relnl"'''' on Till" Accoun' ... . . 402 So.2d.t 396. Funhennore. it IS ,'!-Oo;:aIIy """"'" ""thout the dien,'. con..."t '0 oIIow the oppIicat"'" 0/ a port"", of ,he...,"""9' OIl ,r...., funds ,,, r.a5orIabIe bank cha,9'$. .. dstr"'JUlShed lrom the law flm1·' ""'" ex",,~ lor perlorrrmg ,he oddi'ionaI comp"""ri"'lion, Irander aM r<por1"'9 coiled lor 1n ,he prOgrams.

.ppIic.,,,,,,,

,ha,

The commin.. recogni .... lhat the bar long",," been""';· live to~, , ole in In. c.l,,,luI SI-..rds!Up 01 ""nt.· """""'" .... ' ""ted to lawyers. The committ.. Ii<ds no conllic, with Ihe t>fOI'Cipie of carel~ stew.rdshipwhen a lawyer ponicipat.. ,n Ihe st"U"tl>oo.ed prog,.."", des<ribed [essenlially the FIor· ida IOlTA programl. Canoo 8 01 the ~ cod. says "{al lawyer should assis! ;" imp<".,.;"g the I<ogol system." Thi< st.ncbrd 01 conduct is advanced when a lawyer po,ticipales in a progt •• ~ which puIS idle funds '0 la ..... r""ted public tiSeO. 1>\0<..,....,.. b,.o focus'ng attent"'" on the earnings pot .... tial 01 lawyer t"", a.cco.... " .. tr...., progra"", ha", the added benefil of omcour;ogin.g lawyers to ~.tn inlerest lot clients on trusl is more thon the COSI 0/ funds """"" the odminis'~rirl!j the ;>ccount."

.,poe''''' .,,"'''''

Q. Are there. an y addilio nal administrative duties fo r an attorney ""rl icipating in an ]OLTA program? A. JOLT A programs generally impose no r.ew admi rlistr~tiw burdens on participating attorneys. Whether or not an allor· ney has a duly 10 oller so.,..,ate, imerest·""'ating accoonls to eliems whose truS' deposilS are neitho, nominal nor short· lerm is not mod;r",d by an IOl TA program . A partic,pating altorney would continue to place small or short·term deposits into a singie unsogregated a.:count. "The only change caused by participation in anlOLT A program is lhat these unsegrega ted accounts would now bear im~rest! bul thiS should not change how an allorney Or law r.rm CUrt""tly handles dlent lrust deposits becauso any interest automatically would be lorwarded 10 thll organi2<ltion adm,nistrating the IOl T A program.

Q. What woul d be the

, a~ co nsequences of participat -

ing in an tOlTA program? A. There would"", none to thll client or tOO attorney. If too program was de$igned in lho SlIme fashion as those in other iurisdictions. the organi2<ltion which receivEs inleresl from the participating lruSI accoum. would "",e""",pt from lederal income ta x. The Internal Revenue s"rvice issued Revenue Ruling 81·209 (26 CFR 1.61.7} stating lhat thll inter""t earned on c lien!' s nominal.od short-term advances which are de..,... ited in an attorney's IruSI account and paid over to a bar foundation. pursWlnt to a program eslablished by lhe S'ate sopreme court, is not includible in the gross income 01 the elient. In thIS ru~ng it is noled no diem may individually elect whether to participote in the program, and if an ~l1orney declS to parlic ipate tho attorney must do so with respect to nominal aod short-term advancesol aU clients. The rulingalso

noted the program would bar clie"ISIrom receMng lhe bene· fit 01 any mterest e". ned on the comlT\l~d ~t5, and, beclIuse 01 ther fiduciaJy res.ponsibi!ities rt IS illegal lor attor neys to .ecmoor any benefit from ttv. mterest ea.ned on tt.. comnurged funds. The ruling concluded that under t he llOCts descnbed al:>ovo! ttv. "'Ierest earned on norrunal and .t>ort· term advances and paid to ttv. bar foundat>:ln pursuant to a program estabbsl>ed by tt.. Slale supr""", courl IS ~ 10 be lro:::luded '" lhe!JNl" Income oIlhe Clienl .

Q . llowdo"OiIIn IOl T A program affect finMciai ir\!lln uliorni?

",Ki

A , In FIo.ida olher JIl.isdict'ooll$lhe parl>cipallng r,rlllro:::.al InstltlltlOllS oot attorneys - are 'O'SPOnsibie lor S'lndlng lhe interest lro:::ome and fllrnishing qUolr ler!y '~pOfl$ to d-... Slale bar foundlltlONl wl-uch ~tribut~ lho: IOl T A funds. The program IS desIsned 50 that the or9"ruz.al>:ln admll1lSterong lhe IOl T A programanddislributing the funcIowoli absorb any financial IIlSlllutlOrG'S s[>eC1lll char9'!S for its 1>\IIOIwmenl m lhe program, SO the interest paymenlS .,... roe! of $lOCh charges. The " ,eresl .-emitted to lhe IOl TA org;vUz.at>:ln should Slate lhe lawyer .". lawfum '" whose _ I t . . rTIOnI!y wllS senl and the ral" 01 inlerest applicable to the paymenl With elOCh renutlanc~ lhe participatmg lawye-r or law finn IS prOVIded Wtlh lI1fonnllllOll such as the amounl rwd to the IOl T A organiz.at-.on, lhe applic"bIe interesl and the a ........ "9'-' account balancedllnng lhe Inne penod lor which the r..-port is made. Tile firlllro:::ia1 ill$1Itution also provides lhe partlClpallng attOl'.wy ""th a duplICate of tho> IRS fonn 1099 lhal is S'lnl to the IOl TA organiUlhon.

Q. Would alil y","" 01 law firTT\$ and trust depoal" be eligible for par ticipalion in an JOlTA program? A. When the IOLTA program was establi$hed m Fbn:Ia. a ruing 01 the 9"'I'fal counsel of lhe Federal Reoen.o.o Syttem WIIS obtained aUlhonZlng lhe use 01 Negotiable Order 01 W ithdralOi<)\ (NOW ) """ounts m connection ""Ih lhe IOLT A program , Thus. NOW bC:counts may be ulihm byanypartlC' 'paling law finn, sole prlOCtitioner, panne-rshlp o. pr<:IIeMIOI'IiII associal-.on and all depo$lS held On trusl for indtvKiUolls. pan rwm.rups, 001 lor profil corporallOflS, for·profit corpor~lions and others may be so ulilized. This rulingwas predICated on a Flonda Attorney General Opinion ~ttl!1" whICh concluded the Fionda Ba. Foundllt-.on, whICh distributes the IOlT A funds to law-related public Interest programs. holds lhe"beneficiaI Interest" In I he Interest monies derr\II,'d from trusl ;w:counl S 01 ~ and Iolw firms participating in ttw program.

Q . Wha t

~ l he "alus of .he judic;"'1 c hallenge. 10

IOlTA program. in of her

ju~icl ;on.?

A , l...!ows\lll$ have- been filed against the Florida and CaldorTUa programs..tlegong that d.ents have- been depnved of property (,nlernt) by $late IOCloon Ihrough the implemental-.on oI l he IOl TA programs.lnit...ny, In lhe Cahforn.a case 01 Carrol 1/ Swte Ber 0/ Cal(forrua, the San (),ego Superior Court ~ the St81<l legisl<lt ure had eslablished a voluntary ralher t han a

mandatory program. Thas decISIon was r.,.,..,rsed by the Cali Iomia Court 01 Appeals, Fourl h Appellale Drvis'oon, De. cember 19, 1984, which held lhal It.. Je.go.!alure had actuaJly crealed a ........wtorv program . The appeIIale COUrt also con sodered challenges fa the Con51 ,tutoonality 011 he stall/Ie which

crealM lhe CaIiIorrII/l prog.-/IIl'I, challenges ~ tho> ~ program consmuted a Iaillng 01 ",Ope' Iy which is prohiboted by the Fdth!\mendrnerot. lbe court staled In part,

a,.

Het-e, ~,. ... """,,,,,,iy ( "."to<! ,hey ",,"li<d to lile rroneta'Y value cI ,ho InleTes' 9I'IWT ~'ed by ,hoIr lunds depoo lIed "" " I~' ... It~. However, 10 do ,IllS would, undef Grdina'Y trusl prj..:ipl.., tn",'" lhe """,... l.lWYOO' '0 be r.. im· /or 1r''''''''hOnaI 0001' mcurred in !l'ner.'Dl9 ,hoi In'eTesl ond ""OOUnllns lor It to ,ho Obe.tl Where, by 00 ..· bon. lhooe If....a'"'''''''' coolJ exoeed or ~"'" lhe lOloi inltr eol mcomegenorrllled, tho d ot"10 outler 1101000 I.,.. whoch ,hey .... ""h,led lor O--"Ioon. n.. ..,.,,"", >9>' to caurd ~ ""e<eoI • ....-...1"., a "'<>I'CV ""'I be funneled,

be,"""

per..,.,',

"""' ... "" ..... , .. " ' oub!tcl to m(InOlooyC", _ _ oon.

On May Z, l he c..tilorTUa Supreme court IOSUI'd a 6-1 ruling whICh doomed ....'I!>oul comment a pellt-.on to ''''''''''' the """"', coun's ruling upholding the Cioltfo""" program . One oIlhe Pilrties in tillS case hao ,O!at<:d there ",;U be an aPP<'al to lhe Untted States Supreme Court. If lhe Carro! c..... is appe-aled, ,I will be the second case p resenting the issue of IOlTA to the U.S. Supre me Court. I,., Iowa, on March 14, r"", a ttorneys aPP<'aled to the U.S. Supreme Court, Ronw", u. S upl'e",.. COl," oj /owo, alleging the progr&m violates the Hlh Amendment's "taking" clause. The allorney general of Iowa opposes the grantIng 01 cert>Ol'ari HI tins c"",,. The Florida case "'/IS fUed ,n federal districl coun and alleged lhat an elderiy cliem wasdoomed imerest 01 an amounl undl!1" $5 by an attorney partlC!po'Ihng m lhe I'IonoillOlT A program. The U .S . Dlstricl Court, '" GJooser ela/ t>. F1ondo Bor et 01, denied ,,",uro:::tM! reliel to erpn the distribution 01 lunds by the Florida JOLTA Program. Presenl!y, this case conn"""" under appeai to ,he 11th C,rcUli Court 01 Appeals; however, the court oIl1W"abt and U ,S . Supreme Court Jus· bee Powell n... . . . doomed emE1'9"ncy stays of the distnct court's decision whICh upheld lhe IOlTA program.

row..

It's A Boy! CongmuIaIicnsto~.IIf'odf.Y$. Stephen Dubberley on the birth of II son, Seller$ Lac:ey, August 26, 1985. The baby weighed six pounds, 12 ~ 0UIlCe5 and was 19Y> irx:i1es long, The mother is the tTtall3QitlQ ed itor of The Alabama La w yer.

s-pu .. /KT HISS

<>Young <>"Lawrers' ~ection

b, J . Be rnar d Branna n, J r. Y I.-S P res id e ""

y Ihelimeyou read this article.

the Young Lawyers" SectIOn will ha"e elected a new slate of

officers and a new executive committ~ will have been appointed. During lhe next year. we look forward 10 a

continuation of the excellent programs Bob Mcadow s has so effectively ad· ministered as president. The entire section hasgreal1y benefited from Bob', leadership. The purJl(lSe of lhe Young Lawyers' Section is 10 serve the bar as a whole by being of service \0 the members of the profession at the first stages of thei r dcvdopmem as lawyers and to serve the public wilh time and energy that

Lhey may not ha"c as older practitioners. During the next year. I foresee an opportunity for the young lawyers 10 aid in the development of a bar thaI is dedicated to public service and the highest ideals of the profession by nO! onl;' offering programs for the young and entry-level members of our profession, but by making infonnation avail· able to those young people interested in pursuing a career in the law. To further this goal. the section has developed a ";able program in conjunc· tion with the YMCA Youth J.egislalUre. T he program. called the Youth Legislative Judicial I'rogram. offers

young persons in high school who are interested in legal carters the opportunity to actually participate in mock trials. The teams of youth lawyers. coached by members of the Young Lawyers' Section. have trials at vari· ous points throughout the state. The winning learns in each area will come to Montgomery in April during the session of the Alabama Youth Legisla· ture, In Montgomery. young people in· volved with the youlh legislature are 5'!lected as jurors. and those who have been active in the program for some time are elected as judges. Subpoenas are issued. and young Pf.'Ople serve as witnesses. At the conclusion of Ihe mock trials. Iheca5'!s are appealed to a Youth Supreme Court .elected by mem· bers of the Youth Legislative Program and trained by young lawyers to con· sider the appellate cases. This program has now been in effect long enough that we are beginning to see the fruits of our efforts. [I is an excellent way to educate the public at an early age and 10 gi"e a hands-on view of our justice system. We ha"e found that for some of Ihe young pe0ple. there is a burning desire to follow their interests and. with the proper perspecti"e of the career. pursue a legal education. With other young peo-

pie, we find the learning experience. although quite valuable. gives them the insight to _. in time to concen · trateon their OIher interests. that the career is not what they expected, In the same vein. within the next I'ear the section will ha"e available a pamphlet for coll<'ge students and the public at large that gi,'es an oven'iew of the requirements, both educational and legal. for engaging in the practice of law. Entry requirements for law school and estimated expenses will be dis· cussed in the publication and, gener· ally. persons interested in legal careers will be given some idea of the commitment requ ired to become a lawyer and aided in beginning the procC$S. In an effort to providea service to the members of the bar. Our sa:tion intends to continue to emphasize the de· "clopment of interesting and valuable continuing legal education p~ams. Those programs which tend to "'bridge the gap" between law school and the actual practice of law will be provided and highly promOled by the section. but we also intend to emphasiZe CLE progmms to aid the association as a whole. A goal of the sect ion du ring the upcoming year in this area will be to stress the importance of a bar highl y knowledgeable in the area of its own

ethical'tandards. Our KClion hopes to fulfill its duty to the public and create a posit iv" im· age of our prdession through ~5 aiding It..ow: sq:merus of our popula· tion whoan least help tilemselveschi ldren and the elderly. We envision t ....o major projects to help these t .... o groups. We~re beginningt Oe5tablisha program thai will provide a vid«lt.ape presentoo by a young lawyer to IIChooI children making tilem awar~ of the rleed toavoid s tl"3ngo.>r1l and tilt impor· tanttof notifying_ when they ar.: being abusfd or mistr.:atoo. Com· panion to this prngram. "'e will offer a child advocacy program through which the protection of childrens' riBhts will be 5t udioo and. ultim~tely. aid will be provided for such protection. Another program we intend toestab/ish will bt one to provide information and Ieg:ol servicesto tMek\erly. Wewill prod~ a pamph\tt to be rnaoif, available to the elderly. and it will provide information particularly anuned to their needs. Along wilh the projects and progmms previously mentioned. the Young La wyers' Sect ion will ron tin uc lost ress the involvement of its members in the programs of the entire state bar. Jim North. newly-electoo preident of the bar. has given us. as young Law)'tf"l. a n excellent opportunity to become in· voI,·oo. Atlhis lime. he has provided a position for a young lawyer l<lserveon each itanding commince of the $tale bar, and appointments h3"e been made to fi1lthose slots. J am (;<!rt3in this opportunity to serve will be greatly 3ppreciatoo by each )'oung lawyer appointoo to a standing oommiuce. anti J a m ronfdent ('3Ch ",ill contribute ~t · Iy to the ultimate suo,nss of our bar )·ear. Finally .oommittee appointments for the Young Lawyers' Section will be nladeduring Ihenexi few .... eeks. Any member of the state bar who is under 36 years of age is eligible to !If'1"IIe. If you meet that requirement anti are in· tert$too in becoming invulvoo in the Young Law~n' 5fction as a commit · tce penon. please rontact me $0 we miBhl be able to get you actively in· vol"oo in "'hat should be a dynamic year for ~h the Young Lawyen' 5«. lion and the s tate bar. 0

STATE BAR MEETINGS SEPTEMBER 1985 Commillee or Ta~k Force. Meeting Loca lion and TIme

Dille

TASK FORCE ON ALTERNATtVE METHODS OF DISPUTE RESOLllTION 1400 Park Place Tower. Birmongh3m 2 p.m.

INDIGENT DEFENSE COMMm'EE 400 South H<.dI Str0e1. Montgomery 3p.m.

BOARD OF BAR COMMISSIONERS 8M t..adquarters, Montgome-ty 10 a.m.

TASK FORCE ON CITIZENSIiIl' EDUCATION 2015 Highland A""m.oe South. Bonrurogl\i>m 1;3(1 p.m.

LEGISLATIVE UAISON CO~M rlTEE Bar headquaners, Montgomery 9"~a.m.

PERMANENT CODE COMMISSION Bar headquan.,., •. Montgomery iOa.m.

TASK FORCE ON JUDICIAL EVALUATION, ELECTION AND SELECTION Bat MadQu;u1ers. Monlgorrt1'fy I p.m.

TAS K FORCE TO EVALUATE PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE CONSTITllTlON OF 1901 Cumberland School 01 L-. Bonn'reh.1m 10 a.m. COMMITTE£ ON LAWYER ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE &r headquaners. MontgOmeoy 10:30 a.m.

l!;~Slli~V!

WR1P"UP b, Robert L McCurle y. J r.

Legh, lalors Rccogniltcd at Stale Bar :'Ilcet,n, Senator ~hnk Ell;~ and Represffllat;~e Jim Campbell were rl!'COgrIiud for 1heir sponsorshipof the "Eminent 1)0. rna;n Code" at the Bench and Bar J.uncheon durillllihe Stale bar lTWIing in Huntsville- Also honored wilh plaques ....·ere Senator Jim S mith and Repr.".,ntativ~ Mike Box and Beth Manctta for their s ponsorship of tile "Pro TanIo Sc1 . tlemenls Act." These new laws drafted by the Alabama law Institute were passed by the 1985 JegislalUre. This is

the sevenl h oonseculive year thai the Alabama I.egislature has passed all the major revisions institute.

pn:$CIlted

In!ltitutc's AnnunlMceling n., Alabama Law InSl;\ute held ils

il by the

ann~1

mcdir'lg

Thur!!d3y, July 2$, L98S, in Huntsville- TlJo, mn'ting. presilkd over by " resident Oakley Mellon. elfcttd the follow· ing (iran for 198.'H16: I'reIident: Oakley MellOn

Vice l'moidenl: James M. Campbell Stcmary: ..:utlve Cornmi!!"""

t:•

Robmt...McCurley.jr. Hugh D. Merrill. chairman &orw F. Maynard Rick Manley

Yella Samford

lIy.n dtG ... rr...ried. Jr. Bill BaJelty

Tom

" 'as found deficient and OUI 01. date in today"s market . The committee followed lhe 1980 dl'llft 01 the Uniform Condominium Law and still has u.mrronsiderauon whelher Ihis s hould incl~ other ammon interest ownership propeny in addition tocoodominiums. Mr. E.!!. Peeblesol Mobileis CMinnan oIlhis commillee. while Pn;ltslI(Jr Jerry Gibbons and Ms. Clal'll Fryer ~ as reporters.. CIlIl .di,mship I..,,,, Rr.uuill" Tile Probate Commiltee. af· ter completion in 1982 01 the "intestate suo;ession and wills" portion ollhe probate code. began a review of Ala · bama'sguardianship law. FOliowirlJ! lhe "Uniform Guard · ianship and Prote<;livt I'roceedinlCli Act"' theoommillee has redefined our present "guardianship" laws 10 cLearly deli· neate 3 "guardian" mtlle person from a "ron~rvalor" ol the estale. Mr. E.T. Brown is commillee cMinnan. and PrdtsSlOl" Tom..lone is the n-porIn. Ntrk,.,ptio1l 0{ Ntill/~O(Jt./y A. ammitteeoll .... institllle reviewed Alabama', re;l1 matutallllCS and lound the IM6t pressing need for revision being in the a!l'3 01 redemption. The law appears cloudy as towho am redeem. the priority of redemption. mst ol redemption and "Iawful charges:' I'mlessor liany Cohen has redrafled A.rlicle 14 0/ Cllapte!" 5 of T itle60f lhe Codtof Akll"" ...... Thecommiuee lias ~n cllaired by Mr. Hugh Lloyd. Anyone wislling a copy 01 either of these three pr<)IlO!;Cd revisions may obtain a copy by writifll! the institute. Prior to the introduction 01 thl'5e bills in January 1986. a series of hearing and council ,""",inp win be held. [J

I)",,,,,

C.C. TOfbcn.Jr. EJected 10 fill Vat3~on I""'council wne l\ugll Nas ll. Oneonta. and Gordon Rosen. Tuscaloosa.

NoINrll_ Md:.. rlq. ),.. dirn;IIJ' ,.,.

Majur R~\"isioll" 10 be Presented 10 1986 Legislnture

of IIrt AlabtrltUr 1.11'" "l5lil.~

T ile instilule expecl$\ocompiete and JII"<!2ntto tile 1986 legislatu~ tllree new major revisions. as follows; CoJldu",iJliuffl After tllree years 0/ work. the Con· dominium COmmillee lias completed il$ revision of the Ala, bama Condominium Law. T he p~ntlaw enacted in 1971

"" ...·ill krep uS IIpdIJ/ttllJ>llrgisJa.

I..,,,,

wINd I!u 11.5. ,,1Id IL8. dtgmS fro ... lilt U ..i,,,,,,,ily of AIIII.,"'.... /" /hu I'I'If'<lIIrCf)/Il",". Il"~n

M,.M".,·

0/ i"lerfll Illld imporl~"u 10

A"'bI,ma olllJr",'1"

Tape Recording Opinion Reconsidered ",

W ilLiam II. M orrow _Jr. WIII16StS or 01 hers. to mak~ a noordmgQ/'

QUESTION:

(M her aUQI"rwoys,

"1M i1 c l h ic"l lo r a n a t torn ey o r an in n :Sl iW, \or or OIhe r l>CnIOn ~ RCl ing on behalf 0 1 an a llorn cy 10 m~, kc rcrord inl/s of con \'cr ""t;oIlS wit II dic nl M. 01 tlcr nuorncy ... w il nc ~scs or ol hn~ wil hOl' \ p riorknow t· edge lind cO Il"" n' 0/ ,,111>ar lic s 10 1he COflvcrsllt ion ?"

ro.wcr.;alions wit hoot prior kno"'ledge and consent of all the parties thereH).

NOlI': The lortg(Iing question waS answered in an opinion heretofore published in Iht May 19&4 Alllooma IA""~' as follow" h .s untllllcal for an atlorney or an in\'e5ligalor or «her prnons actine on bffialf rl an au~y \0 make r«Ord'l'lg5 01 colwersallons wilh any pffiIOOs. be 1~ chl'nts, othtr al1~S. wuoesses or others I•.'ithoul poor koov.'ledgund COO~nt of all p3.Mlts 10 thecoovers<llion,)

MODIFICAT ION QJ<' ANSWE R ON R":CONSIDE RATION: Absent anyelemenl of dis~ty. fraud. d«tit or misrepresentation, it is not unethical. per se. for an allorn~y whoi$ a IXIr\\, to a col1"cr!;ation with any persons. be t h~y client s.

lh~

D ISCUSS ION: In issuing the opinion hcretofore published in the May 1984 A/QoomD /JI_'YI" as a p~nt "'e relied primarily u pon Formal OpinlOl1 337 ( 1 974 )oil~ American Bar Assoc,ation Committft (In ~:thics and f'rofeuionlll Responsibil· ity. Upon rocoosidrratlQn ","('conclude there is no pr<)\"ision oilile C«/, of "",,miolla/ HfS/!O/lJibi/if1 oit .... Alabama State Bar which di=tly pr«Iudesan allOf1l!'Y who is~oi tile cor"'er.;a]"1l!1 from r«VrdillJl conversations as described llerein. ()m, 1TM'1TI~ of lile l)'9C1plinny Commission respectfully diS&ffits and is oitlle opinion lhat an allomey's recording of such conversations. "';Ihout tho.> knowledge and consent of all panics. therttO in and of ;udf constilutn "deceit" (DR 1· ]02 (AI (4 JI. In issu ing this modification. tho.> Disciplinary Commission e ~prt'SMS il s intent that this opinion is 10 be st rictly const rued .

Where there's a will ... Now there's an easier way. ~ Bank' • ..-WI and Trust Form Book J)fOYIdes a cotflete and up-bdaIIlXlrrCliabon ~ wi ancI trust forms 10 rna.. ~ .btl __ and 1asIa". 1n tKIdWI~ e~ COlllOOlllane!l _ heIpIIJ ... 1he<!es9n and i"npIernerUbon ~ varous _ j:Wls. These Iotms relect EATA. TEFRA endiodic:aty reoent rev.ons ... 1he AIaba"na Probate Code end wi be updated . . pei'roorder:;'n:eol~~F:r; Books. send 'P-"" dled< b" $95.00 Plyable to AmSouth Bank NA to the TMC 0MSI0n 81 any 01 the addresses beIow". 0/ comaa the Am5ou\h Estate ancI Trust Planning

Aep<esentabve in your 8(ea.

AmSouth Bank NA P. 0 Bo~ l12e AmisIaI. AI.. 35201

"..,

~Bank NA

P. O. Bolt 1488

~.Al35OOt

353<J9<' AmSc::Iutl Bank NA P. O. SOx 1150 DoIhan, AI.. 36302 793-2121

ArrBolAh Bank NA P. O. Bolo; 389 Gadsden. AI.. 35902

"""'"

ArrBolAh Bank NA PO. Bolt 501 HUIIISYAe. AI.. 35004 ArrBolAh Bank NA PO. Box \628 ",-Al.." 694·1575 AmSoo:Ml Bank NA P. O.Orawor43t ~Al..3610t

~cent

GJ)ecisions b, John M.

~filHng.Jr.

and Da v id U. By rne, J r .

Recent Deci,,;ions of the SU]lreme Court of Alabama - Civil

Alabama Medical Liabil ity Ac t (AMU\) . . . pod iat r y nol included SrI/en v. Picou. 19 AllR 2682 (July 3. 1985) In a case of first impression. the supr~me court held the "practice of podiatry" is not subject 10 the AMI,.!\. The AMLA defines a """..dieal practi· tioner" as one "licensed to jlT3C1ire mro icine or OSl eopat h y.•, The su IIre",C court noted that although the practice of jXJdialry apJI"3rs to be a more specialized practice of osteopathy. as defined in §3H4·S/XI). Ala. Code 1975. a podiat rist actually is 1lI)/ licensed to practice mcdicineor05\eopat hy in Ala bama.indeed.candidates for the practiceof p<Xlialry areexamincd and certi· fied 101" license [0 practice under §J.4.

24·2;,0. et <€4 .• and are exempl from examinations administered by the boord Ql' medical examiners.

Condemmll ion . , . condemnation ord e rs mus t \)c filed unde r Section 35-4-90 Stol~ P. Abbot, 19 AllR 2391 Qune 21, 1985) In dispute was a 1Hoot highway right-of-way which t he state condemned in 1939. The state, however, did not record this order Ql' oondemnation, and Abbot subsequently purchased property adjoining the highway without notice of the condemnation order and constructed a storeon part of the right· of·way_ The trial oourt and the su-

preme oourt held that the right.of·way claimed by virtue Ql' condemnation was void as to Abbot. a bona fide pur· chaser, because the state failed to file the order. Section 35-4·90. Ala. C<xk 1975. provides "all cOlweyancesof real property" are "old as to p.."..;hasen; for value unless they arc ro:;Qrded. The suprcmecourt reasonl-d the legislature intendl-d "all con,'cyances of real property" should include /;>10/ Qrders 0/ (OtIde"'JUJlioJJ .

Con tra cts, indemnification, . , noti ce of claim req ui red

"It.

Cochm". /(oo/i"g& Mclal Co.. Ii. CAllahan. 19 ABR 2218 Qune 7.1985) In an apparent case of first impression in Alabama, the supreme court held that a rontractua l undertaking to in· demnify requires the indemnitee to notify the indemnitor of a claim and notice of suit within a reasonable time of same e"en where the contract is si· lent COOCI.'ming notice. The contractor·indemnitor built a

warehouse and su bcont racted the rool' work to the indemnitee. Thc contract contained a more or less standard in· dcmnification agreement which was silent on "'hen and how notice of a claim and notkeof suit was to begi"cn the indemnitee.lnJuly 1980. the warehouS(! owner sued the contractor and alleged the roof was im~roperl y con· Structed. The contractor retained his own counsel and did not notify the subcont ractor-indem nitee until m'er two )·cars lat~r. At that time. the oon· tractor demanded that the subcontrac· tot' assume defenS(! of the litigation and provide indemnity. The subam· tractO!' refused the demand on the grounds that notice of suit was not gi"cn in a timely manner. The suo preme court agrl'ed thaI notice was not timely given and stated that although the indemnity agreement did not ron· tain a specific notice provision. it goes wit hout saying that notice is a prerequisite to performance and that the law implies an obligation on each party to a rontract to allow the other party all rcasonable opportunity \0 perform his undertaking. The supreme court rea· soned the indemnitor must recei"e reasonable notice of a claim he must defend. for onl)' in this way can he in"est;gatc the claim and preparc his defense_ He must also .be promptly forward~-d a copy of therornplaint once it is ser"ed upon the indemnitee.

In s nranc e . .. unins ured motoris !. , . prt-judice matcrinlto rc ,tsonablc ncss for d ela y of notic e Siale Far", Mu/ual AU/Q"'QlJile {>Is.

Co. ,,_ IlurgeSl. 19 ABR 2585 (June 28. 19S5) Burgess. a State Farm insured. was involved in an accident in August 1979. In June 1980. he sued the owner and driver of the other ,'chide. Whi le litigation was Jl"nding. Burgess learned the other parties were uninsured and in August 1981. Burgess notified State Farm of the accident and the potential uninsured motorists' claim. The State Farm pclicy required Burgess to give notice of the accident "as soon as prac· ticable" and to send a copy of the summons and complaint "immediately." Burgess failed to notify State Farm 01 the accident until 0"(.1' two years after it occu rred and never forwarded the compla int he filed. State Farm declined to pal' uninsured motorist benefits based on the failure tocomply with the notice provisions. The supreme court held that in "un· ins ured motorist" cases prejudice to t he insurer is a factor to beconsidered. a long with the reasons for delay and the length of dtlay. in determining the overal l reasonableness of the delay in giving noticeof an accident or forv'ard· ing suit paJl"TS , In the typical case. the insured ]>lIts on evidence showing the reaoon for not complying with the n(>

tice requirement. and then the insurer may show that it wasprejudiccd by the delay. If the insurer fails to show prejudice. then the insured's failure togive notice will not bar his uni nsured m0toriSt recovery. The "u]>Teme court stated , however, uninsured motori,t covcragediffcrs from liability ooverage in regard to a showingof prejudice and reaffirmed prejudice is not allowed to bear on reasonableness of delay when liability coverage is at issue.

"tcnnination of such procl't"dings in plaintiff's favo.-." T he trial COUrt and the s upreme coun agreed. T he supreme court reasoned a stipulation of dismissal is mOre in the nature of a settlement agreement compromising the interests of both panies but "in favor" of neither- pany_

Ma licious I>rOSccution . . .

19 AUR 2259 Uune 7. 1985) In a ceni· fied question from the federal district coun.thesupremecoun was asked to detenninc whether intentional blasting whiCh caused damage solely from amcllSSion and/or vibrotion is an action in trespass (six-year statu te of limita· tions)or an action on thecase(one-~r statute of limitations). Recognizing that the precis.. leglll question is oneof fiTSt impression, the supreme court reviewed ilsearlierblastingcases and concluded since blasting in itself is a lawful and proper use of one's own land. liability is dependent upon neglig<:nce. By retaining the fault philosophy in intentional blasting cases. the court has retained the ncgligcncedassilication of actions, which falls within t he scope of t he one- year statute of Iimitations. §6.Z·39. Akl. Code 1975_

rule" I (11)( I )( ii) dis missal is not a termi nat ion ra vorabl e 10 Ihe plaintiff £'10'" v. Aklbama Professional Heallh ColJsulIants. I"c.. 19 AIlR 2570 (June 28, 1985)Alabama Professional Health Consultants (APIIC) filed s uit agllim;t Evans alleging sabotage of contract and PTOP"rty rights. The suit was ter· minated when all panies fi led a stipulation for dismissal with prejudice. Suhscquently. Evans filed this malicious prosecution suit. AI'IIC filed a motion to dismiss and a rgued that a malicious prosecution action cantlOl be sustained because a voluntary dismissal pursuant to Rule41(aXI Xii) is not a

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To~t s ..

•

in tentional b la s ting is an actio n o n th e ca se Strxlls v. CfW CoIIS/ruc/ion Co" Inc ..

Torts ...

prc-raee re leases valid YOU ''K v. Cily of Gadslkn, 19 AIlR 259'~ (J une 29, 1985) This action ar06e OUt of injuries sustained by Young when his "go-art" struck a telephone poie while he was on a practice lap just prior to the start of the race_The race course was laid out on the str~ts of Gadsden.l'riortotherace. Young paid a $30 emry fee and signed a general release for all injuries and damages he might sustain as a result of his partici· pation in the race. In a case of fiTSt impression in the state courts of Al abama. the supreme court was as ked to consider whether the pre-race release viola ted public poi . iq. A review of decisions fronl sister states and one Alabama Fcder<11 l)is· trict Court case revealed pre-race releases are upheld and found not toviolate public poiicy. Therourts have reasoned that even though automobile racing is dangerous. it is not cruel 0.-

~19S5

~hockmg

to thl' .,'eragt" man and is, lherefore, not ob"lGUsly conlrary 10 publIC pohcy. ThI' supremecoort noted Ihal Young was an experiellCled dri"er, and hi' fffely and "alumaoty 6t'CUlm I he releas.e wllh fuU kfl(f\1.'~ oflhl' da~s nalure oilhi' road.-aer. R ece n t Decisions of the

Supreme Coli n o f Crimina l

Alublllnn -

his assist ants. Acoordingly. the su· ~ coun refusro 10 approve the language' utihzed by lilt coun of criminal appeals hoIdmg that lhe admisslOIIof lhl' pathologist's report " 'as not

RenJCat ioo of I)roblltio n doc s not c o n s titut e d o uble jeopard y

lI'",y IP, S(alr, 19 ABR 2'l86 (June 14. 1985) Fallowing a presentence im·esli·

Absul ut e righ llo confronl and cross-exmnin e t he s tat e

loxicu logist &k~~,. Sialf,

19 ABR 2291 Oune 7,

198&) T hI' supreme court gramm t ho;, defend3nt". wflt ol Cfftiorari bKaus.e i\ appeared IhI' ddffidanl was denied hl~ right tooonfroru and cross~xamin.e a ,,',lroeM against him, speci fically, tho;, palhologlsl who prepaMlthl' autopsy report on thl' individual whose death was thl' basis 0( tho;, defendant's COlI · "iclion for murder, The supreme coun, in a Jx:r clfn'a ", opinion, di Slingui s hl.'S this case from $(ay u. Sialr, 390 So.2d II (Ala. 1980}, in which the court held lhat §2'2·5().2'2, Codeu/ AIl/MilIa. 1975, which provides for depositioos of physicians at slate mental health facilities, "furnishes a COIIstilutoonal altern'lli"t to compul· sory altffidance al trial." Unlikt SNy. thesupremecoon held noauch prt.lCrdure eKi515 to aubsmute for lhecross· uamin~tioo of a $tale 10KicoIogiSl or

gation. the t rial court conducted a sen· tencillJ! hearing April S, 1984. After lis· tening 10 the tl'$timony offeMl by thr defendant Wray. and considering tilt presmlmcereport, tlltcoun senlenad Wray lo fivt )'tart' imll"sonment. The COUrt then s usjlffided t he sentence and plact'd Wray on three yar. probation. A few days lal er, Wray confessed to committing tWOOlher burglaries AJJriI ~.I9S4, t hi' OIsht btfore thesentencing hearillJ!. Based upon this new!)' discovered evidcnct.lhe $latt filed a motion with Ihe trial court seeking nnmsid· cratlon of Ihe court"s grant of proba. tion. The courl c-onducted a hearing and after rC">'icwing the testimony va· e<tled ilsorigi nal onk.. granlillJ! JIfOba. tion and required Wray to btgin servo ing Ihr five-year SCMtClKt:. On appeal. tlltcourl 0( criminal appeals referred t 0 I he t rial coon's act ion as "resenlencing" a nd subsequently held il violatal. the double jeopardy dau,,", of the Unital. Stat6 Coostitu· tioo. Tilt s upreme coon granted lhe

~r.

writ of ct1"llQI"ari. T,*, supreme coort m'ersed lhecoun of [tlmlll.. 1aP\ll'llls arw.l relllSla ted the lnal coun's judgment. The supremecoort ob<;er"ed lhe po'\'o'er ollhe tnal coon to grant proba. tion is • maner of gr.K'I': and lies en· llrely wnh,n the sound discretioo 0( lhe trial judge, FallowillJ! lhat observa· lion, the supreme COUrt lurned 10 the questioo 0( whether the t rial coort's action amounted 10 a "resentencing" oltht defendant, Thecourl held' "w. hn. "-",,,ntly htld Ihat agrllnl III probalion d.,.. nOl rrd""" a sentence, bul ..1M thai lho original .. nlena: which WUIUSIltflded .-.:mal.,. the ....... 51#(... Grt'I'~, 436 Sold 800 (Ab. 1983) S,,'''"'. grlInl ~ probiIt.,., docs not reo dUC1! a IImlmct, n n«:as;Inly foIlo"''S thai tho ~t.,., III probiIl""'docs not '1"ICftaW1 1Im1~"

A defe ndant 's righl to c rossexa mine the prosec utrix 's incons is tent condu ct jed;,..~.

Stair, 19 ABR 2319 Ou ne

14, 19B5}Jenkini wiscoovicled of rape ~nd

was s.entellClld 10 life in prison. Al

I rial. the pn:I5«:utri x test ifled IhalJcn·

kins forcibly raped her. Jenkins defern"-..! t hecharge by claiming consent. T heir testimony significantlY differed as to what happened leading up and subsequent 10 the sexual interwurse. T ho jury ...,.,. therefore, fact'd with the diffICUlt task of judging the credibilit y and doer-.Inoroi each 0( the panics.. SiK olth~ eight Wilnes5eS coIled by the ilatt testified the J>fO&t'CUlrix was upstt and crying on the night 0( the

I :;:

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,.....

alleged rape. Tilt trial coon refused to allOl" J<'11kms to crosH'xami~ the pm!C.'o:tllnx as 10 her dtmeanor during and ,mmediaH~ly aftl'!" lhe preliminary """ring. Jenkms $OUglu to sholr.' the )lI"OIiC'CIII n~ crird conllnuously during the heanng and then laughed .... ith friends tmrT1ftl,aleiy aftt'!"o T he defen· dam's at10rney staloo Witnesses ....wld Itstlfy that Immediately folJov,'ing the prelimirl<lry hearing the prosecutrix and !Ie\"t'l"a l of her friends were laugh· ing and n,"king jokes about Jen kin s' bci!1J.l locked up. The s upreme C(lurt hcld that the I rial coort ub"s("(/ ilsdiscn:liol1 in limit · ing C1"U!I$~xamirnllion of Ihe 1'f1)iSI!CU. tri~ a nd in d,sal lo.... ing l he proffer..! ~idence of her il1f;l.lnSiSlent condoct . J USl.~ Almon. writ,ng for 3 unanim· ous coun. obstn·oo: ·' .,.umony 01 lhe ,....,...cutnx·' .... wml.t ... t ("I.lIICiua ....,n ollend as ",,",. Inti on her "eo,cuy and end,boltly. Ihie to the canflowng :oa:ount olthe fans oll~ by the pn:iet<"Utr;x and J<"nk",<. her '·f'ra(1ty.nd crodiboluy "."", m.lJOI" '!lO\IH in t~i s caot. 0"" olti>c ch,d functIOn< of cros~· rXlmination is to test t"""""';!>illt ycl. ,,·itnf». (Cuing ca...,.) Dot ...... nor bcin~

an asPOCl cI crnhbohty .• ""n\' ma\' t>Ia« bcl.n tho tT .... ol lact an_,,'11 ""ny', ,,'cons,s.... t anloct th~h dirocl "'~mU1.tlon. CTOSS-6llm· ",.non cI ~IIon "';I_in mat· t.... pm''''"''t to lheo. c~ibi"ty .... ht to be- 1" .... the " ..... pouobk kOpI". s.., Mru.ItriJ •. l:~i/tJ SIor/q. 393 ~..2d -t04 (5Ih C,r. 1968~-

The rII(lndUle o f Anders SllI,dil'llll/ r. SIDfe. •160 So.2d IllO (1984); ccrt . denied. 105 S.C t. 1391 (March 4. 198.;) Sturdi"ant asserttd he was d~nit-d the effectivc a ssistance of cwnsel becau se his trial defense counsel failed to comply with the r.... quirements 01 A"dcn ~. u.lijornw. 386 U.S.138(1967). ln AMCrJ. Ihe s U o ~ COlIn addressed "the extent of lhe duty of a coun·appointed appellate counselts ]lI"OISeCUle a fi~ appeal from a crimInal c:oovict ion afle.-that attorney has con~ntiously ddrrminoo that there ;1 no ment to the indigenl 's appeal."' In Anllcn. lhe Unlled States Suo preme Court found Ihal a "no merit lett er"' and Ihe pl"OCcdure it tr®leTS did not pass coosli l utional muster. "Coon!let should .• nd can " ',lh honOI

T H I N

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Southern Structured Settlements, Inc. 1200 Bank lor Savings Building

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and ...·'I"""t conn1Cl. be 0 1 _ '!iSl5I~nu 10 hi. dil'nt and 10 the COO". Ili. .... as .n aCh"0<3 l ~ r"equ,,,,,, , hal he iUppon h.. ch.nt" •• pprallotbe ..... 01 hIt abollty. Of cou ...... ,I couMtl fincb hIt ~ '0 be " 'holly I"'"Oious .• ft ... a ("OnSCttrI1- . exam'natlon ol II. he ohould .0 ad,"w llot coun and rrq_ prrm ........ 10 " ',1"",." ... n..1 ...""" "'lUI .......1..'. ""..., ...,...imty .. 1mI/ ,I.i"ll i. IA~.,..,,,J Ibl ",!,:I.I .I'/Pabl] ,_#,>,1 I.~ ,,/,/,..,JI. A

,q"""Il '" ••

copy of tho counSt'l'$ britt" s"""ld be lurniiho:d tho: Ind;g.nt ,nd ""'" allowed

h,m 1<> .. i... any POI"ts lhat he ch<;:(:o;es: lhe CWrl - not cwn",,1 - tllen .,..". ~~ aft .... ful1.xamin31ion of alilho: proc«<llnp. 10dKKIe wh<thi'r the caoe ij ..·Il0l1\' fn,·oIou •. If 11 .0 fi ..... il TI13y ""n. 0001 .....1'. lftIunt 10 "·i,hd .....• .nd d'~m,Sf the .""",,1 insolar u fed· "",I r'«!1I,':!mnIlS of d"" ~ a", COIICeI nod. The Alabam~ Su~COUrt lound the requ,re!llenIS Ii Anden ....·ere not loIlo....fd In SturdIvant's as('. A un· animous s uprfme court applied And· ~n to Alabama pr.ICtiCl:' and held ~ hat 00Cl! cwnsel had romphfd wilh lhe And.n · requiT<!mf"t~. the court of c riminal appeals mal then gr.onl coun· sel's request 10 WIthdraw. but must appC:Ilnt s ubst llut ecoo Tlsel toargue the aweal for the indigent. It is this writ ... ·$ opinion the appli· calton of A~d~n by the Alabama Suo preme Court arguably ~ads roe to qUfttlOl1 if It notice of" a)!peal s hould bt filed In all cnm lnal ases. T~ reason for I hIS \og>c ri$t:!l from the facl thai an And(n motion can bt filf!! only after an .ppeal has been perf«led and aftt'!" counSoeI has had tllf OI'l'O'tunity to revte\Oo· t~ lranscripc and " 'rite a brief. Tllf dart of the "no merit leiter"' are gone in Alabama.

Rece nt Decis io ns of Ih e Sup re me Cou rt o f th e Un ited Sta tes Prosccut or'~

IIrgument in a Callill.1 murd e r case . • . the b u c k s tollS where ? C.ldnll~. M mmi/'Pi. !)3 U.s.LW.

474J()une 11.198:» The suprcmecoun IItId It proI«\Itor's argulJ'lent toa capi· tal Soentcncmg jury. to the eff«t thaI the 'es)lOllslbiltty lor dctt'!"mining the appropnatenesso{ thesentencecl death restoo not ..... ith the jury but with the appellalecoun 1a1C1" reviewing t herase.

rendered the capital stntencing proceeding inronsistent with the Eighth Amendmen!"s need for "reliability" in determining that deat h is the appropriate punishment. In a bifurcated proceeding ronducted pursuant to Mississippi's capital punishment statute, the defendant was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. The defendant's lawyers. in their dosing arguments at the sen· tencing stage. referred to the accused's youth, family backgrou nd and poverty as well as to general character evidence. They asked the ju ry to show mercy. emphasizing the jury should confront thegravit y and responsibility of caning for another's death . In response, the prosecutor urged the jUf)' not to view itself as finally determin· ing whether the petitioner "'ould die, because a death sentence would be reviewed for corre<:tn~-ss by the Missis.ippi Supreme Court. Justi~ Marshall , speaking for a mao jorit )· of t he court. "acate<! Caldwell" s death sentence. S!JeCifically, Marshall held it is constitutionally impermissi· ble to rest a death sentence On a deter· mination made bya scntencerwhohas ~n k-d to belie"c. as the jury was in this case, the responsibility for deter. mining the appropriateness of the defcndan!". d/.'llt h rests elsewhere. The law is dear that sentence discretion must be consiste nt with the Eighth Amendment's "need for rehability in the dctennination death is the appropriate sentence in a specific case." See lI'ood'o" ,,_ Nflrth O1'oli,lO , 428 U.S. 2R(l, 305 (pluml;l y opin ion)

Giglio re fin e d ? U"ilffl States Ii. &,,/':;. 53 U.S.L.W. 5084 Uuly 2,1985) A prosecutor's fail· UTe to disclose excu lpatory evidence in response to a defense request amount s to a constitut ional error requ iring reversal 0>1/:; if there is a rMj{}'m~k prob· ability s uch evidence would have af· fected the outcome of the defendant's trial. [n route to th is decision, the ~u· prcmecourt lays to rest anI' doubt that impeachment material is e xculpatory evidence within the rule of Brad)' v Ma!,)'la>ld, 373 U.S. 83 (l963), Bagley was indicted on charges of "iDlat ing federal narcotks and firearms statutes. Ildon: trial, he filed a discov·

C harter Me m bers ol l iligalion Seclio n S o ughl Si xty bar me mb-e<s a ttended the or gan izational meeting ot the proposed Alabama Sta te Ba r lil igalion Sectio n July 26. 1985_ Proposed se<:lio n g oal s are: (I) p rov ide a forum where all trial attorneys may meet and disc uss common proble ms; (2) undertake a n e xte nsive ed ucatio na l prOg ra m to improve the compete ncy 01the triat bar; a nd (3) Improve the e Hicie ncy. uniformIty and economy ol liligation and wo rk 10 curb abuses 01 the judicial process. Ch arIer memb ers hip d ues 01$15 a year were set. All lawyers Inle rested in improving their s ~ ills as litigators a nd advocates a re urged to join, Please send a photocopy of the tOllowlng application wi th you r chec k for $1 5 payable to Alabama State Ba r litigation Se<:llon, clo Charles M, CrOOk, Treasurer, P,O. eo. 671, Montgom0<Y. Alabama 3610 1.

Charte' Memb-e<shlp Apptlcatlon LI TIGATION SECTIO N ALA BAMA STATE BAR Name: Bus iness Address:

Bu siness Tete phone: Comm lnee Pre terence: (choose one) Memb-e<ship

La w schoots li ai son

Ne wste tte r Annua l meeting Finance

" Upr;/6te '85: Recent Oevelopment. In /he Law" MlJtetlats Available Over 300 Alabama lawyers attended the Young Lawyers' -Update '85'" sem ina r during the bar's annual meeting, July 25, 1985. 11 you missed this opponunity, you may oblain a set 01 the program malerials by forwa rding a che<:k lor $10 made paya ble 10 the Alabama State Bar, P.O. Bo. 671, Montgomery, Alabama 36101. Subjects and speakefs wefe; recent developments In criminal law sealc h and seizure; Judge LesHe C, Johnson: a ttorney -dient privilege and the w()(k pfoduct doctrine in Alabama - scope, maintenance and attack. Lewis W. Page; Jr,: COmmefctal and contract taw update, Professor Nathan iel Hansford: estate ptan ning tor the gene ra t practitioner, Prolessor Carolyn Burgess Fealheringitt; new CQ·emr>oyee legislation, Ralph M, Young; domestic relations - recenl developments, Vanzetta Penn Durant CUfTent suppl ies a re limited, but additional sets can be made available ij the response warrants. Please order today.

try motion rf(juesling. i"l~r ~Ii~. "any dtals. promises or inducm1ffill made togovemmffil witnesses in exchangoe for I hetr lest imany. ~ The fIO''t'fllmenl 's response did I\Ol disclose that "any deall. promises or indu.;tmenu" had been made to ;tS 1"'0 princIpal wil' nl'$iIe!I who had 3ssistlod the ATF in conducting an underrover in>'l'Slip ' tion of the: defendant. Al trial. the two principal fIO"em, menl wil~ leslifiro aboul both 1M fiffilrms and narcotICS chargH. T he: lrial court found the: defendanl guIlty on the: firearms c harge. Su~ quenlly. III response to n!questl made pursuant to the Freedom of Informa· lion Act and the Privacy Act, Ihe de· Icndam rere;w~d copies of ATF con· tracts signed by the: principal JIO"ern· ment witness during the undercovl!'r 1Ilvntigalion a nd SI~\lfIJIl1>e govern. ment would pay money to lhe: Wit ness commensurate with 11>e mformation fumisl>ed. The&:-fendant then TIlO\'ed tovaalC hIs lief! teroce. 311tging Ihe govern men! •5 failure to respond to the di!!(;O\'ery mOo lion 10 disclose Ihese contracts. which hccou ld have used 10 impeach the wit· 1'IeUe$. violated his right to due pro. Ilf$5 under Bnuiy~. M~..,Io"d. T he dislrict court denied the: motion. butt1>e court of 3ppe3ls rt\·crxd. The supreme court ~'cned and rt1IIanded the: appellatecourl\lecision. jU$tttt Blackmon concludtod the OOUT! of appeals erred in holding that the J)I'llII>eI:\ltor's failure to di scw eviden<:e t hat could have been used effeclively to impeach important gQ\'emmenl wit· nesses n!quired automatic re'·n'S31. T he court "'cnt on 10 hold lhal luch nontIiscburUllnst il UIe5(l10511t u tional error and n!quires ~~Tli31 of the 1:01\' viclion "only if thel"'io:\enct is material In I he $enS<! lhal its sUpprelsion might have aff.:.::ted lhe outrorne of trial." jus tice BI~ckrnon. joinlod by Justice O·Connor. sct forth a new st~ndard in Pilrt III of lhe opinion, justices Black· mon and O'Connor conclude lhe: non· dlllClo&ed evidence at issue is matenal only if the:rt IS a reason~bIe prObabihly thai had lhee... idera ~ dlllC~ to the defen~. the resuh of the prllCffd. ifIJI would haw been different. A "r('ll' Wflabie probabi lit \·" is a probability sufficient to underm ine confidence in

lhe (II.ucome. T hIS Standard of mat~ riality is sufrlC~n'ly f1f~ible to roo.'et' C35eS d Jl"OKCUtorial failure to disc"- evl<lencl! favorable 10 I .... defffise regardlessof whether theddensemakes no n!qut:St. a general request or a s~ cific n!qIle5L The rou rt suggests t he s t~ndard es· tablished in 11agI" extends 10. but is 00\ different from. that ollhe court's hoIdina III Giglio~. U"ilm Sioln, 405

U.S. ISO (1972). In Giglio. the IitIpmne court said: - Whtn ,"" mlllttilly 01 ~ 1/1,.......'" ness may ""til be dtlnm,nal"~ 01",,11 or in~. nond,oeloou...,01 ... Klene. .fle<;1ing<T«hbol"y 'all. ,"'IIhin lhe"",· er.ll TIlle 0( /I~. W. "" nOt. however. . ulomatica ll y require a new lriat when· ever a combollJl 0( ,'''' ~ton;' liles af, .... I"" ItIIt "", d,sclosed ."idene. _bly u"",,ullo I"" dH...... bul not liR]y 10 Jut"" d"need ,'''' v<'f1lict .... II lind.,.. 01 mat_hly o/I ....... tdeota is requ.red if lhe fal"" leIt'''''''''Y oould ... ,n any...,......'*' 1,R],hood ""ve af· fectod ,"" J~I 01,"" JUry..••-

T his " 'rilcr sUggc!its. however. the definition of "reasonable probability". i.c. a probability s ufficient to under· mine I:OI\lide~ il1 the oulrorne. is dif·

lennI from a lesl which would require theev1!lena: prodoo.a "reasona,*, likehhood lhat il could ha"c aflected lhe judgment of lhe jury." It appeal'll the standard in IJagfry is mort narrow. [J

(·.~xecuth'c

CODirector's fol\-;IJort

(f",,,, IJ4gr 229)

and agaIn •• I~"" '"'. yfl ;t had the ....._ anendara III 15 Inn. The . taff and I apprw:tate tht nlCC'

idters ,",'Cr«eIwd from thole ,,·oom. io\'ed thl5 fears COtI''Cntion: oow~'er. wt ~"'t probIem~ IiOrII<'Whcl'C. We nted your constructive crilicism dthe annual meeting. Tell us why you came or did not oome. what )'011 enjoyed. what yOll dId not and what changes you ,"'QUId like to ~ made. - Reginald T . Hamner P.S. T he 1986 Midyear M.-etlna will be held on Wednesday and Thursda y. March 19-20 in Montgomery. A poo!tconvffition seminar win dePilrt on Fri· day. March 21 for Ikrmuda WIth a..,. lurn on Monday. March ~4, D('t~ils to follow.

J.''''.

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Contact Dr. Jo h n Davis ill, 1926 Fou rth Ave:. N ., 8imungham, A L. 35203

(205) 328-3098

The following reprimands took place june 7. 1985. Rcprinm nds • A Birmingh~m attorney was privately reprimanded for violation of Disciplinary Rule 1·10'l(A)(5) of the Code o/I'ro/fjjjonal Responsjbilily. The Disciplinary Com· mission determined the altorney made a court appear· ance on behalf of a diem some three wee~s after the attorney was suspended from the praClice of law for failu..., toromply with mandatory continuing legal edu· cation requirements. [ASS No. 84·71<11 • An Alabama aUorney received a private reprimand lor "ioI3tioo of Disciplinary Ru les 5· 101(C) and S. 1000A). The Disciplinary Commission determined the altorney was engaged in rlllrt!Senting a party in one lawsuit while aCl ing as altorney lor the plainliff in a substantially related lawsuit in which Ihe client from the first case was a party defendant. The commission d~termined the allOrnCj' should re<;eiV( a private re· primand for Ihis conflict of interests. 1ASB No. 84·7101 • An Alabama altorney r~ived a private ...,prinla nd lor violation of Disciplinary Rule 7·II(XC). It wa~ de· termined by the general C<lunsel this altorney engag~..J in an ""/><Irll communicat ion with a t rial court judge during the attorney's representation of a client and wherein the opposing party waS also represented bj' counsel. lASB No. 83-4181

P ubli c Cc n s Ul'CS • Mobile lawyer- St e l.he n K. Orso was publicly censured for having willfully neglected legal matters entrusted to him . in violation of DR 6-101(A). COO. 0/ Pro/fjjumal R~/J(",sjbjljly. by having. as appellate coun · sel of record in eight separatecriminal appeals. failed 10 file with the court of appeals a lime!;' appellate brief. a timely motion for extension of time wilhin which to fi le a brief , a timely mOlion to withdraw. a timely no muit hrief or any other timely pleading. IASB Nos. 83446. 83470. 84M. 84-107. 84·385. 84-381. 84-402 & 844091 • Anniston lawyer Thollla s M. Semmes wascen · su red for ha"ing willfu \\y neglected a legal matter entrusted to him. in violation of DR 6-101 (A). COO. 0/ l'ro/fjj;onai Res/><l""jbjljly. by ha"ing undertaken to represent theestmesof l.ewis \)ewill Marl()\l>'e and Annie Elese Marl()\l>'e. both of whom died without leaving wilts. He accepted S89.SO in mid-April 1982 from the administrator of the estates. to be paid to the Calhoun County ProbatcCoun as coun costs in the estates. but

then failed to pay until December 2. 1983. lhe court costs to t he probate court after the administrator of the estates had filed a complaint again st him with the Alabama State Bar.IASB Nos_83-507 & 83·5291 S u s l'cnsi o n s • June 25 attorney Cecil M. Mall he ws was suspended from the practice of law for 4Sdays. commencingju~24.19l5.andendingAugust 15. Mr. Matthews had heen hired 10 represent a party in a divorceand was found to have neglected the case by failing to seek the lawful objectives of his client, failing 10 carry oot the contract 01 employment emered into with theclient and prejudicing or damaging his dient during the course of Ihe professional relationship. in violation 01 Discipli' nary Ruk-s 6-101 (A). 7·101(AXI). 7·IO I(A)(2) and 7101(A)(3)oIthe CcJl 0/ f'ro/essjonal R€spo",jbjljly.1ASB No. 84-152] • Gulf Shores lawyer ~ lic hacl II. S ulli va n was suspended. effective june 19. for failure tocomply with the mandalory continu ing legal education requ irement of lhe Alabama Slate Bar.

The following suspensions were effective June 10. 1985. • WatC1' Valley. Mississippi.lawyer Richa rd Lamar Carlis le was suspended for lailu..., tocomply with the mandatory cont inuing legal education Te(jUirenlent 01 the Alabama State Bar. • Dothan lawyer Deanna S . Ui gginbot halll was suspended for failure 10 comply with the mandatory continuing legal education requi...,ment of the Alabama State Bar. • Fairfield lawyer Robe rt Lee Aldridge was sus· pended for failure to comply with the mandatory continuing legal education requ irement of Ihe Alabama State Bar_ • Birmingham law yer Rober. 1-:. Ma thews was suspended for failure to comply with Ihe mandatory contin uing legal ~..Jucation requirement of theAlabama State Bar. • Ashvi\\e lawj'er Ke nnet h W. Gilchris t was sus. pended for failure to comply with the mandatory con · tinuing legal education requirement 01 the Alabama State Bar, • Selma lawyer Rod ne)' Butt" l..(!c was suspended for failure 10 C<lmply with the mandatory continuing legal educalion requi...,menl of the Alabama State Bar.

Disoonnents • St.lma aLl~ Nodne)' BU I IS lee "'alldilibarm.l from Irwc practice of la..... eff«l1\'e 12:0\ I.m .. August 5. 1985. by an IlflkT- of the supreme COlIn datl'd June 25. 1985. Mr. 1_ .... asdisbarnd pursuant to the pO)\'lsions

of Rule 14 of the Alabama Rules of IJiscipii nary En· forcement relating to his <:O!lVictlOl1 on 1hr<-'" crimi nal chal'X'!'l.I ASI:I No. 85· 14:11 • Michael l nge Kenl. of Op('hkl . was disbarrl'd. tffecti,·tJuly 24. basl'd upon his guilty plea tochargeof ha"ing vK'l1atl'd the Uxk 0/ l'ro/t:sJitJ ....1 J(~M;IJj/;1y by havi 111/ misha ndll'!d arta;n l1li" rdiansh i p trust funds. ,n the amount of apprOlumattly $3.600. and by h""lng issul'd I wonhkss IIl'1I'O!tabie InStrument in the IIlIOUIII of $800. Mr. Kent pre-.·iously .... a5 suspended from the ~tict of la .... for a period of t .... o years. effecti,'c Sc\l' tember 1. 1981. for other. unrelated violations of the

CO/It (if /'rQ!CSj;onal k ..",.ms;bilily. lASE Nos. 82·284. 83-97 & 83-390)

WE WANT TO KNOW . .. Is tlle"CLE OpponUfll1..s" ClIIendu-

"""'''ng YOU' nHds7 How could It be ,mPfowd" Drop us a h"" Pfenotc d l

we'd "po

The Alabama La ...·~·er P.O . Bo~ 4156 Montgomolry, AL 36101

('ltidin~ the (~ ircuits (f'_ ,." Z59)

for hiS 50 years as a m("Illbt:rofthe Amenan Bar ASSOCla. 1100. Fred HdmslIlg. local ABA represem"tlvc. malk the p~mation. Former U.S. magistrate [)~",d A. Bag .... ell , now III private pra(\ice, entcrtainl'd his audicn.ce with " Re· flections on lJes.;endlng to Earth fr(}m the Clouds of Olym· pus (dfbla the Judge'$ Bench)." T he Young La .... yers' 5«1100 of the MBA has, Vta fund· TaISl'Uand prwatt doIIatlon5, furnished a room mtlle Mobtle County Courthoo$C' 10 be uSO'd as an 3uorney-(C11Ctl1 conf~nce

TO(}fIl.

R u sse ll CoUnl) I1l1r A"sociat ion The Ru~ll C(}Unty Ba r Association t1'a'nt Iy ~ll'Cted new (}fficers. These include Kenny Davi$, prCllidcnt: Carolyn Curtis. vice presidc'nt: and Charlotte Adams. ~rctary' Ireasurer, (J

Ever~Jbo~~ ~J1ts To Be CreatIVe.

IEIIll creative

leasing

In Memoriam John Benton Tally, Sr. Former Circuit Judge John B. Ta lly. Sr .. died March 27. He practiced law in 5<:<Jltsbol'Q from 1937 "n(;1 1942 and served from 1947101955 as circuit solicitor lor the Nin\hJudidal Circuit of Alabama. Tally was alsocircuit judgeof the ninth circuit. and la1er the 38th judicial circuit. from 1968 until his retirement in 1983. Judge Tally was in the United States Navy during World War [I and was a member of thejackron County liospital Boardof Direc路 tors. an elder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and a (rus路 l~ or the Cumberland Presbyterian Theological Seminary. The Alabama Association of Circuit Judges commends his ac路 complishments \0 the ba r: the bench; his community and country:

his wik Blanche McCutchen Tally: and their three children, Nancy L:>per.Jol1ll B. Tally.Jr .. and William IV , Tally.

T h.",e nOl;= are published immediately alter reports 01 death are received, Biographical information nOi appearing in this i.sue will be published at a later dale if information is accessible. We ask you promptly report the death of an Alabama atlorney to the Alabama State Bar. and we would appreciate your assistance in pTO\'iding biographical information for Thl Alaoo",a!Au.,e,.

Allison. Claude Ferrell Montgomery - Admitted : 1977 Died: j u ne 30. 1985

In gram. Fra n k Ray mond Binningham - Admitted: 1933 Died: August 5. 1985

McCord . Roy Oavis Gadsden - Admitted: 1920 Died:june 14. 1985

Gilme r . Eugene Ed wards Binningham - Admitted : 19-12 Oied:June 4. 1985

James, Walt e r Erv;n Houston. Texas - Admilled: 1941 Oied : August7.1985

Re am es . Samuel Lewis Binni ngham - Admilled : 1949 ))ied: May 17. 1985

"<><>d. David . J r.

Lee, J;,mes Gard ne r . II Tuscaloosa - Admitted: 1966 Died:junc 12. 1985

Bessemer - Admilled: 1948 Died: May 13. 1985

~Iassified

eNotices 1>0<"'" I".. I'/lle I'OIt S ALE: A """,~e~ 01 AmJur 2<1. Can or .... ntt Tffi'Y W,L!I(III. 4Z8 Soulh L,;o wrmoe Slnoot. MonlgOmtr)'. Alaboma 36104. l'hone 2(i2.2756,

search/ wriling. Acas. to Universily 01 Alabom.lnd Cum~land li braries. W..s!. law I".ilable. Pt'Oil1p! dtadline .......n. S35Ihour. Sarah Kalhryn " arnell. 112 Moon- 8uild"", Mont(l')r'ne<y. Alabama 36101, Phone 2&1-'95& No rrprne.k>litnr is ___ "'*11111 .",,/ilJ '" I"" Jq.I __ ,,;c., III" ~_d '" 1M of Io..,u J>t>toy_i. ud MnIita.

""".as. I_

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