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ALABAMA EVIDENCE bV William A. Schroeder, Jerome A. Hoffman and Richard Thigpen
INTRODUCTORY PAiCE
$69.96 ReOlllarl~ $74 95
In thiS eOrl'lp, ehenslve elltlmin&llcn of the rules of Alnbama EVidence. the /l uthor S presQnt an In·depth disCUSSion o f ell 818es
01 evidentiary procedures ' lorn IIle relatIVely SImple weys to objec t 10 evidence through compe tence. pi'lv,legas, relevance, impeachment, Ihe best eVidence rule li nd pOfor OVldence Many sections conUIin 0 di SCUSSion 01 Fedof allaw and how It com pares to Its Alabama countorpar t Case I{lW Is th oroughly cited
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COIII"igIO! • 1987, ~lIIIlMOn, G'. 9' 101m "", " •• dbOufld 'n 1(, •• , 9 No., blul
, _ _ _ Table 01 Contents _ __ -, Ob taining. Ottoring and Ob,e<:\lng to evidence ' Competence • EKamlnatlon 01 Wureues • Relevance end LimitatIons on Ihe Adm.UIQn 01 Relevenr EVidence ' P"v,leges • Impeachment • EKpe,1 Te$llmony • Hearlay • AuthentlCahon and tden"I 'Cl'l hon - Rulel 901. 902, 903 • Speclel Rules Re1llling to W'IIIngs The Bo&! Evidence Rule and the Parol Ev.dence Rul a ' Relll I!II'Id DemOnStratIve Evidence ' Judlcl /ll NO\I(;8 ' P,e8umpr lons Burdons ot Pfot)I lind Per8u8lion
About the Authors _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __
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Underinsurcd Motorist (overageWhere did it come from? Where is Trucking Regulalion and Exempit going?-by Ronald G. Daven- tions from Regulation in Alabamaport . . ....... . .... . .... 264 by Stanley w. Foy . .. . ... , 290 The scope o( undl;!rins.. red motorist coyeragc has bcerl thc subioo o( severill recen t 3Ppcllil tc declslorl s. Unfortuniltely, many unanswered qucstions remain In IhiS
area .
The AI~ I).lmil Public Service Commission regu lations extend their field of coverage 10 sma ll·sca le tru cking OI)Crators. Counseling these local truckin g owners rc(luires iI f<lmiliOlfity wi th these regulation~.
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Postma ~t cr:
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to The Alabama lawyer, P.O. Box 41 56, Montgomery. Al36101.
Tlte Alabama LiJW}'er
INStDE THtS ISSUE ricslde"t'~
252
fxecurt~e
25.1
1'.1111' Dlrcctor's Report Aboul MembelS, Amonll Firms Riding the Cireuils Bar Br;cl~ Honor Rott: AnoHleys In IOL T" Honor Roll: Flnanel,,1 Ills1iturlons Con~cntjon IlIlIhl18hl5 . Anorney, "dmltwd to the B ~r lawyer) I" the rdmily
256 258 200 262 263 270 274 276
Lc1tcrs BulidinJ; Alabama's Cou rlhou~s OF. OtmOrlunltlcs YOUflg L... ~rs· Se<:tion Committees and Ta9; ForCe, L~,slill've Wrap-Up R~(>nt
Decislon~
MCLE Nl'wS Memorial s ClM~lfll'(l
278 280 262 269
294 302 303 309 3 II
No/ices
315
251
President's Page Address of Gary C. Huckaby Upon Installation as President of the Alabama State Bar July 23, 1988 5 ~ f,l(;e <I new ilssodoiltlon ~lH, Jet us pause for a momenl 10 take Stoc\: and set the course (or our bar. Tht:' Alabama Stale Bar has 11 proud hi story and a magnificent record of (lchlcvcnlcnt. It Is now 110 years old, having been org.mlled In 1879. In spite of its sl>le ndid past, there are threatening '~nds in o ur profession Ihill sure ly will reach Ihe Alabama 1m. Acro SS th e nntl!)n thl!rc is il milrh..od ded lne in Ilro(essionallsm and a significant Increase In advertising and marketIng. the tool ~ commonly asrocla t(l(i wi th a trade, not a profession. Whether it is called "advertising" or "milrkcting" oflen depends only on the leYe! of sophistica-
The (jueSlion is troubling: Is this only a way to make a living or 15 It 51111 wha t we call a professlonr There Is a sad statemenl made by the SU I)reme Court in Botes & O'Steen, the \Yell·known case on lawyer advertising; "The be ief that lawyers are somehow above trade has become an anilchronism:' I trust and hope and pray Ihilt that J$ nOI truc and that whatever truth is in it, wc can rcvcrsc It. There tire " lot of ominouS signs on the horizon. Ncgatiw editorials fill our n~ papers, ,md they do not COrne from wild· eyed earth changers; they often come from steady, conservative editorial writers, In Cali fornia in recent years the state bar has been threatened with !>ChIS tion. It, at times, borders on hucksterism. defundcd, In Georgia last year, a bill was Chief Justice Burger m'.!(Ie the tQmm~ nt HUCKABY inlroovced to abolish thl;l organi<!~ bar. St.'voral yea ~ ago that some lawyer adverIn Wi scon sin, a suit successfully chal· tiSement$ WQuld make USl.>d t ar dealers blush. lengL>d on First Amendment ISrounds oblilSatOry memberThere is a fix.ltion In some qU:lrlers wilh billable hours, ship 11'1 the bar. There are s~ral national olgani1.:uions with profitability, with market position. The quality of young that seck to abolish the licensure of lawyers and to permit people coming to the bar exceeds that which we have ever ar"lYOr"lc to practice without derl1Or"!stratcd qualificatiorlS. seen before, but there seems to be a new materialism, a As a coro llary, In our sta te we have seen a decline In new cy nici~, a nt.W commercialism within our profession, the civility .md common courtesy of lawyers, for years the PiI!1 of this, I am sure, is a result of a change in the attitude hallmarks of our bar. So,called "hnrdball" is the game to be played . Should we Siml)ly s,1Y Ihal the law i. a business, of some 1<MI}crs about lnw 35 a profession. Economic pressures apl~iIr to be CiluslnlS the lS~ater impilct, h~r. like seWnlS glQ(;eries or plumbing services, and thill il is We are approaching 700,000 law)ll.'rs In the United not different from such trades or businesses? States. Each year 30,000 new lawy<!rs graduate. WI.! hilve Dean Roscoe Pound said, "The term 'profession' refers nO'N exceedi'd orle lawyer for cvcry 390 prople In the U.S. 10 a group of I)(!(lple pursuing a learn~ ilrt a ~ a COmmon By the year 2000, we expect to have 1,000,000 lawyers In calling in the spirit of public servi ce-no less public ser· this country. vice becau se !t 15 IncldentJlly a mearlS of livelihood:' Alabama is nOI immune to these shifts ,l nd changes. Our Clearly, public service Is the thread that makes a differen ce membership now approaches 7,000. lawyers tend to prac· In this profession, cou pled with Independence. tice In greater numbers In \Jrb,1n setTings. N, this time 70 I think that we are In a very fortunate position In the percent of our lawyers pr.lctice in five counlies in thi s state. Alabama State Bar. We are not fa cing some of the trials While the pU'J fessiQn in Alabama oft~n <l()c~ nl)l f~elthe of lawyers in Qlhcr stilte •. By <In<l l<lrge wha t <ld\ICrtising cffects of such changcs until Its Impact has been made has been done by lawyers in A)<lbama has been tasteful. In larger metropolltall areas, clearly wc arc facing similar The marketing effort ~, in the large p..lrt, have been su1tJble pressures. and sati sfactory 10 the pr(rfcs$ic;rnal aspects of lawyr!rs.
A
Continued 011 pilge 254
252
Seplembi:r J 988
Executive Director's Report The ball is in your court!
M
ore of you-our membershave communic;lIed with me COnceJ"ling the ,lVil1l"bllity of
pro(essiona illability coverilge than IIny other single Issue during Ihe nC{lrly 20
ye(lfS I have been privileged 10 serve this sr~ill bar, Many calls and letters have come from some of you who never be(ore have asked ~nYlhln8 of your bar.
For 15 years, oil Series of dedicillt'(! lawyers have given endlessly of their lime and talen t as members of Ihc In~Ufilllce
Programs Com,)lIIlCC lhal has
con tinuously fought to meel your InSUfan(:c needs, both nillionilily lInd in· ternationally. TheS\! have lx'Cn fruSIr,ning yeill'S l)c(;auSf,) of unstilble markets, esca· latin!! ,;l!l.'S and ullR.llinble brokers. Invilr-
lably, you have urged Ihe Alabama Slate Bar to (orm lIS own company.
Our ooard of commissioners authorized e)(tCf1sivc reseiltch to validate the viability of such an undenaking. Your bar has expended aplHo)(imately $50,000 In Ihlseffon. In addition, almost 1,500 of you conlrlbulec;1 $ 125 each 10 start such il CO''Il I>~n y whtm the results of our Sllrvey con firmed your desire ,mel promised financial support of this undertaking. Attorneys Insurance Mutual of Alabama, Inc. is now a reality. Capitalization efforts arc underway. We must raise:! $2,500,000 in capital by December 31, 1988, If wC! ar(! to write policies In
1989. Each of you who resides In Alabama hilS re<:eived the AIM prospectus and
The Alabama Lawyer
subscription agreement. The success of our effol! is now up 10 YOU. Please review yoU! prospectus and send In your subscri ption i1greementthe ci1r1ier, the betterl You can save money by acting In advance of the earliest deadline, Seplember 30. 1988. If you were among those nearly 1,500 who gave $ 125, your con tribution Is S 1, 125. If you did not con tribute to the stan·up fund, your wi>Kription is $ 1,250 before Septemoor 30. lawyers procrastinate when dealing with their personal affairs. Please do not ICi1ve thi s matter for last-minute ;llIcntion. The sooner we 'lfe capitalized and break escrow, the sooner you will benefit as Insureds. Each circuit has a key person to assist the AIM directors and your bar commissioner in completing thi s capitalization. These people are busy volunteers who should not halle to beg you to hell) yourself. There is a $ 100,000 line of credit available on a first<ome, first-served basis for those who choose to borrow their subscription costs. loans arc repayable over an 18- or 24.monlh period. The vast majority of currently insured lawyers have renewa datt.>s between May and September. If AIM can break escrow by January I, 1989, we would anticip...lte being able to offer a beller policy and at a more competitIve premium cost than currently available in the commerclill market.
HAMNER
No sta te undertakIng this effort has failed. None has returned to the com. mercial market, lind all have el<pericnced a favorable raling structure. Some already have begun p..lylng dividends on their members' Investment. Alabami1 c;ln do no less. We c,lnnOI afford 10 continue to pinel.' our insur,lnce futu re at the mercy of the Commercial market. Ciln control YOUR dCStlny.
you
Now is the time to prOllidc the financial support which many of you earlier indicated you would do if the bar would undertake the creation of a capo tive. The ball isln your cow1- the lime clock is running. We can, and we must, succeed. •
253
President's Page
Conrinued from page 252
HO'wever, If some of our sister SIMes tHe Indeed thc precursors of the future, we h,.ve nOt seen the end. Now is the time to reinforce our dedication to kccl) and preServe thi s honori.lblc profession , W(). talk tI lot aoout the ImagE! of
lawyl'r'S, and somcllm~ \'\II! spend money \0 en,lIlgc iI, I bellt:'\'e that our focu s next year must be to worry less ilbout image and more aoout public service, I bcli~ 1hM wnal1hinkins people will come to
believe "boUl l;l'Nyers will be good i{we, good. I hope 1hl$ )'I:!iIr to Sl"(]
in fil ct, dQ
us do something substantial in the am;:]
of access 10 Jusllcc. Nccdlc~ s to say, we have rl'l lll'Y people In thi s Stille who do not have access 10 the system, and I hope we will do somelhil1810 challge Ihill. II is estimated that only IS rlercent of Ihe
poor who n~ ICg.:ll services receive them. We h"vc been given a monOPQly to pmctice law. With it comes
iI duty to assure that 11:8<11 servicll ~ (Ire not denied to the poor. Many bars are proposing volun tilry goals of SO to 75 hUl.lISpcr l'lwyer lX!r yeM for pro b Oll O work. Govemmem-fundcd legal services cannol bridge the g.l p. It cleilrly is our duty as la-wyers 10 solve Ihis Ilroblem. I have an Incorrigible habit of collectIrlg old books. Ilecenlly picked up a vol ume written by a lawyer here in Alabama in Ihe 18605. He Wil~ iI{lmine<:! to the bar In Rockford, Alabama, In 1832. The ilU· Ihor wa s a Union symlH1lhir.er m Ihe lime of the Civil \%r, ~ nd he explained the diffi culty he faced al Ihal time, of terrible choices In violallllg the oarh he took as a lawyer. He quotes thai simple o.llh: "I wl1l support and defend Ihe Constituti on of the United S t~ t es and will never reject (or any consider.ltion personal 10 mysdf the cause of the defenSell?SS or oppressed." Thm Is all of II. Thai wa s In 1832. This duly wa s codified In our ear· Iy stntuteS and today appcafS In 01 list of the dulies of attorneys al Section 34·3-20, Cude of Alabama, If we Me still a I)rofesslon, that obligation is no less perli. nenl today. Another nre;! o( I)ubli c servi ce th,lt \'IC must address is law reform. Our selec-
254
lion process for judges Is In rlly judgment in serious danger of ~ in g corrupted. It appe<l 1"S that it now costs a half million dollars or more 10 be elected as a Justice 10 Our supreme court. I believe Ills lime Ihal we mUSt look (or some method which prO'V!d<.'S an element of merit selectiorl . Certainly this b.u should address and study Ihe problem of our Jppellale courts, which are overloaded with Ihe nl,Jmoor of opinion ~ which must be writ· ten. The load is simply 100 cwerwhelm ing to Msure the besl eXl>osition of db l>lh l!ivt law. We have h) find ~ way 10 permit the supreme court 10 concentrate on the brOlld poli cy questions and cases of first impression. There lire t'NO other areas of publiC ser· vice for our bar which on Ihe surface rnilY ilPPCilf to be unrclilt ed ro Ol,Jr profr.lSSi onill Concerns. Two sp()dill ta sk forces have been creilled this yeilr- one 10 ~ludy Ihtl serio u~ problem in Alllbnma of Illileracy, lhe olher to consider haw 'rVC as lawyers can helll prevent drug abuse. illiteracy denies access 10 Ihe justice syslem by many o( our chlzens. Il ls an em· barr.Jssment ill a ci vilized society, and I believe lawyers oughl to be cOncern('d about Ihal. The horrendou s problem of drug llbuse is lIffcctlng riot only our O\yn children bUI many of our adult citizens. l(lking our tr.Jditional role ilSleaders, not iust lawyers, v.-e have a plllce in Ihis b,lt· lie, and this I ~ why I h;Jve asked the ta sk force to S~ Wh'll 1M) c,ln do, I would s,ly that as we al>l)roach Ihe coming year, we need not feci too mar· bid ilbour it because this bar Is in a unique I>osil ion. The fUlule looks excit· ing. There were len Illlles Ihe number o( voluntCen; for Oilr ~eNice Ihiln I WilSable 10 appoint, simply because Ih(: I>ositions 'NCre !'lOt Ihere. We h;!\/(! a b.lr stafr thai in my judgmcllt produces more Out (J f Iheir manhours Ihan any olher bar ~t aff 1 have CVCr Seer\. We carry n greater weighllhan most st,lte bars; we hav(' lhe admission Il roces~, the disciplinary process, m.md<llOry Cl.e, l rn<lulhori ;o;ed prilCl ice enforcement ,md iI myri;ld of olher prClgl"il m ~. I I;iln assure you that Ihest' ta sks arc! carried OUT weI! and Ih<ll the heallh of this bar j~ good.
The distaswfullll('thocl£ of rol ling legal servi ces have not found their wiry 10 Ala· bama except in rare ca ses. Alabama la...... yers do not believe Thai II is an anachrorli sm 10 c.ll1 this iI pro(()SSion. Though advertising- and <.wn some form s of solIcit.1tion- are protected by the Fi rst Amendmelll, WI! do n(>1 have 10 do ,lIl that we arc permiu ....d 10 do. Lord Mou lton, the English Jurist, stlid, "The m(,lISun:! of ci vilization is the degree of obedience 10 Ihe unenforceable," While we cl('arly c.:tn no longer enforce rule s against Old· vt::rli sing and some Iypes of solicitation, we most cerTdlnly can presenl Ihe other side and can teach by cx,lmple. WI;! C<ln certil inly condem n Ihal which demeans this honorJble calling. This bar has an Illustrious history, and thaI history o((('rs promise for our fUl ure. II not only hilS pr()','ided Alabilma wi th rem;llk;lble st,llesmen in the pilSI, bUI they have equ"lIy given dedicalL'Ci ser· vi ce to our enlire coun1ry. II is .:t gr)Od Ihlng 10 pause to look at the 1>a51. I remind you of sOIll(,lhlng thaI Carl Sand· burg ~1id . He stl id, 'Whcrl a rIa tlOll goes dawn or a soclely perishes, one cond l· tl on may alwaY'S be found: they forgot where Iht.'Y came from." I believe you could substitu te "bar" for "nalion" and say Ihe same thins <tbOllt oursel~ ilS lawyers. I would remind you of som(' of the greM law)(!rs who have preceded us, arId they are bUI examples: Seybourn Lynne of Decalur; T.B. Hili o( Montgomery; Arthur Shores of Birmingham; Charles Tweedy of Jasper; Alto Lee of Dothan; Broo~ Garrett of Brewton; Oo\lslas Ar<tnt of Birmingham; Hugo Black of Clay Counly; Howell Heflin of TU5cumbi,1; Ei leen Wynn o( Birmingh~m; PI Brantley of Troy; W.1l!er P. Cewin of Tu scaloosa; arId John Cilddell of Dec~tur, And these are nOI the only ones. Many are In Ihls very room- Bill Scruggs, Hugh NJsh, Henry Henzel and others. The numb!!r of people who labor for whJl we believe Ir\ In this professlorlwithout any pay, wlrhout any con sid{!(a· ti on, oflentimes withoul even recognl. ti on- is i1milzing to me, I am reminded of whal Saint Luke soid: "Of those to wh om much is given, must is requi red ." I took forward to nexl yt!~r wilh a gl(!at deal of anl ici lMlion and pleasure. •
ALABAMA STATE BAR 1988-1989 DUES NOTICE (All Alabama attorney occupational licenses and special memberships expire September 30, 1988.)
Annual License-Special Membership Dues Due October 1, 1988 Delinquent After October 31, 1988
*
THE ALA8AMA STAn 1i"'11
SPECIAL MEMBERSHIP CARD 1986·1969
~
T'''SISIOCt."r~r...... ' ~~~~~
UN'I~\
license
If you arc admiUed to thc Alabama State Bar and ellgagcd In the practice of law, you are required lo purchase an annuill occupational license. Se<:fion 40-12-49, Code or A/aruma 1197S}, as amended. This license gives you the ri!:!h! to !>wetie*! I<I\Y in the WIl .... of Alilbilmillhrough St:pleml)cr 30, 1989. The cost of the license Is $150, plus Iht! nomlnallssuilJlCC fcc, (md m~ be purchased (rom tile probate judge or Uccrlse commissioner (where applicablel in the coun ty In whi ch you prim:ully prac-
lice. In addillon to thc state license, all practicing anorneys should chock wit!'- their municipal revenue departments to be sure Ihilt the liceming requirements of Ihe city or lown arc Jlso
being met. By $ending Ihe Alabama Stille Bar a coPt' of the license when it is purtha~ , )(IU will rec;eiYe a w<lllet·sb::e dupli. cate of your Ilcenst (pictured ..hove) for idenliflcalion purposes during the 1988·1989 license vear.
" .. ~u
SU'llMBU 10, 1969
Speda l Member Special membershIp Slatus is acquirl.od pursuanl to Section 34·3-17 or Seclion 34·3·18, Code of Alabama (1975), Feder,ll and ~Iate judgL"i, district a!lomcys, United StatL'S a!lomeys and other goyctnmcnt attorneys who are prohlbitoo from practicing priVilteIy by ... Irlue of Iheir posilions are eligible fOt Ihls membership status, likewise, pe~ns adminoo 10 the bal of Alabama who llre not eng.lgoo in the pmclicc of lilW or ilre enll)loyed In a IlOSition not otherwise requiring a license ilrc elillible to be SJ}(!dal members, Attorneys adll1htC!d 10 Ihe bar of Alllbama who reside outside the state of Alalxlma who do not wacllc!! In the state of Alab.lma also are eligible (or this status. With the exception o( stale attorneys imd district allorncys, slxldal members are exempt from mandatory continuing legJl education ~uirements; hOWC'JCr, this .. nnual exemption must be claim(!{/ on the reporting form . S,>cclal membership dues are l);lld direct y to the Alab.lma Stolte aolr, Mem~~hip c.uds, as shown In Ihe sample above, are Issued UllOn roceipt or the dues and good for the IIcen"C year,
Dues Include (l $15 lmnulll subscription to The Alabama Lawyer. 1f yllU hJVl' .Illy qu{... tlon~ I'(>II.udilln ~ollr 1I"HPl'f nlt'mb('r~hjp ,I,llth or dUI'\ p,lymt'nl, Ille,l,e lOl1ldt I Ali((' In Ikmlrl\, /'oI1'1Il' Ilt't~hill 'ier ... itl' Olrl'tlor, <II (205j 2bq·151'i or 1·800·.191·'>660 (in·,I,llt' WAPi).
The AloQama Lawter
255
About Members, Among Firms ABOUT MEMB ERS Jeffrey F. Addicott was promoted 10 major, United SIMes Army, cffoclive
March 1988. I-Ie is iI 1979 waduate of th e Urllverslty of Alabama School of
law and servcs as Ihe Command Jud ge Advocil!(~ for the 1st SI>e(iill
Forces Group (Airborne). His i'lddress
is 1st Special Forces Group (AIrborne), Fort Lewis, Washington 96433.
•
Donald V. Wiltk ins, P.e. announces the opening of his offit:;:eS i1t 1205
North 19th SIrcet, Birmingham, AliI-
bamil 35234, phone (20S) 323-5963, <lnd 808 South L.'l'.v(CrlCC Street, Mont· gomery, Alabama 36104, 1)l1on(' (205)
834·3101,
•
I. Doyle f ulle r annou nces the remO\1lI (If his offices to 2851 Zelda Road, Montgomery, Alabama 36106.
Phone (20S} 270·0020.
•
Thomas H. Figures an nounces rhe relocation of his practice 10 951 C()\.'o emmenl St I1.1~1 , Suite 511, Mobile, Alabama 36604. Phone (205) 433-0416.
•
T. Jeii Slein announces the opening of his Baldwin Counly office 011 j(li)ilee Square, 1'.0. Box 231, Daphne, Alilbama 36526, and wi ll millnt,1i1\ his Mobile office ill f~O. Box 1772, Mobile, Alabama )6533. Phone (205) 626-)971.
•
Thomas E. Davis, formerly of Burns, Shumllker & Davis, OInnounces tht"! QI)Cning of his office at 924.B Third A'llCn(le, P.O. Box 8044, Gadsden, Ala· bam.. 35901. Phone (205) 543· 2301.
•
I. 13ngford Floyd alll\OUnces his mailing address h,l$ changed 10 P.O. Box IB55, Daphne, Alabama 36526, and his office location is n(W,l 28740
256
Highway 98, Da p~ n e 36526. Phone (205) 626-6200.
•
Oarron C. Hendley announces the relocation of his practice of lilW from Birminghilm, Alabama, 10312 SCOI\ Street, Montgomery, Alabilma 36104. Phone (205) 262-4887.
•
Clifford M. Spencer, Jr., announces the reloca tion of his practice of law to !OlD Commerce Cl'?nllJr, 2027 First Aycnue, North, Birmingham, Al abama, 35203. Phone (205) 322-4477.
AMONG FIRMS Pagc, Sc ranlll m, H iJrri ~ & Chapman, P.e. announces that "'-""IY Dooley Thompson, M ichael D. Smith and Ru ssell E. Hinds have become members of the firm. Offices ,ue 10ciltf,,'(! ilt 1043 Third Avenue, Colum· bus, Georgia 31994.
•
Meacham &, Quintan, P.c. all· nounces the addition of Richard E. Flowel'i ar'ld the (orm.lIion of Mt:ach· am, Quinlan & Flowers, P.C. The firm has r<!IOCatt.>Ci its offices to 5256 Armour Road, Columbus, Goorgia.
•
Rand()tph P. Reil ~eS a n nO~l!lce~ the associat ion of I'alriera K. Kc1koy in the practice of law, with of(jce~ loc'IIt.'Ct at 112 Corporate Square, 555 Sou lh Perry Street, Montgomer}', Alabama 36104.
•
The fi rm of Robert s, Davidson & Wi ggins annOurlCeS that A, Courtncy Crowd er has become a partner In the firm. The firm name is nov,o Roberts, Davidson, Wiggi ns &, Crowder, wi th offices al 2625 61h Street, P.O. Box 1939, TuScal(K)~a, AI<lQarna 354031939. Phone (205) 759-5771.
•
Neall'. Cunner and Polly Howell Chatham, forml!rly assistant district illtorney, announce Ihe formation of a
partnershlll under Ihe firm name of Conner & Chilthilm, wi th ne-w offices ilt 303-F Second A-..enue, Southeast, [X'Ca tur, Alaooma )5601. Phone (205) 351-6200.
•
Richard F. Pale, P.C. announces that I. ~ rey Sowell h£ls become !lSSodated with the firm, wi th offices located at 56·58 South Conception Street, Mobile, Alabamil 36602. I>hone (205) 433.(J3oo.
•
Don;lld W, Stewart and Michael O. Mastin \.Innounce the formalion of the firm of Stewart & MaSl in, with offices located at 1131 Leighton AWnw, Anniston, Alabama 36201. Pholle (205) 237-93 11.
•
Sidney W. Jackson, Ill, ,,"d Rich.ud H. T"ylor announce they hil\e formed a partnership in the nilm!;! 01Jackson & Taylor and that their new office address Is The SouthTrust BMk BuildIng, 61 SI. Joseph Street, Fiftf;lfJnth Floor- Suite 1500, Mobile, Al abama 36602. Phone (205) 433-3131, (205) 433·6699.
•
Reese & Reese announces that Gregory Dale CrOS$lin has become it member of the firm. Offices are located at Or\(! Oldc TO'Nne Square, Dilleville, Alabama 36322. Phone (205) 596·6321.
•
Harold F. Herrin g, HlIntsvllle, Alab~mil, i1nd Sadler, Sulli van & Sharp, P.c., Birmingham, Alabilma, announce their merger, effe<:tive July 1, 1988, under the name rJ Sadler, Sullivan, Herring & Sharp, P.e. They also announce that Mac B. GreaveS, BIrmingham, Alabama, has rejoined the firm as a member, John 0 , C" les, Huntsville, Alabama, became a member of the fi rm July 15, 1966, Jnd Tt:d l. Mann, Birmingham, Alabama,
5emember 1988
became associated with the Orm May I, 1968. The Birmingham o(fice Is I~ cated at 1100 FllSt Nation.ll·Southern Natural Bui ding. Birmingham, Ala· banla 35203. Phone (2051 326-4166. The 11untsvl' Ie office is located at 204 Gales AvenLlC, S.E., Hunlsville, Aliib.1ma 35801. Phone (205) 5344343.
•
Vincent, Hasty, Arnold & Whaley, P.c. announces Ihe relocallon of ils offices to Su te 4400, 2090 Columbl. ana Road, Birmingham, Alabama 35216. Phone (2051 9794490.
•
The nrm of WiUiams & Harmon an. nounces that William 0, Hardegree has become a l>allller of the firm, which will mntlnue under the name of Williams, Harmon & Hardcgrl~. Offices are localed at Suile 403, Quin. lilrd TtM'Cr. 1130 Quinttlrd Avenue. An· nislon, Alabama 36201. Phone (205) 238-8356.
•
The oonkruptcy administrator of the Northern District ()r Alabama announces Ihm Roben E. llIng. Ir., former managing attorney for UAW Leg..ll Servicei Plan, Deciltur, Alab.lma, has been appointed as estate analyst to head the Decatur office of the fXlIlk· ruplcy adminlstfiltof program. L..1n8 replaces Chris Kern, who will be lllO'Iing to Mobile to become law clerk for the Honorable Arthur B. Briskman, Unit· ed States Bankrul)tcy Judge, for the Soulhern Dlnrld 01 Alabanla.
•
The office of O. Joseph Mayannounces thaI Regina B, Edwards has become associated with the firm. Offices am locdted at 8339 Court AVI..'nue, ElllcOI1 City, Maryl<lnd 21043. Phone (3011 4614877.
•
Simmons, ford & Brunson announ· ces Ihal Lynn McCain and I. Gullalle Hunter, 111, h;r..e become members of the firm. Offices are located at 1411 Rainboov On\(', P.O. Box 1189, Gadsden, Alabama 35901. Phone (205) 54&09205.
•
London, V.lncey & Elliott announces Ihal Richard W. l<-'W is has become associated wllh the firm, localL>d at
1230 Park place Tcrwer, Birmlngh.lm, Alabama 35203. Phone 251·2531.
•
The (jrm of foSler, Wills. Bolton & Dyson, P.A. announces thaI M. Mort SWilim bcc,lme a member of the firm, cffoctive June 1, 1988. The (Jrm name has bt.'en changed to Foster, Wills, Bolton, DyS(Jrl &. SW<lim, P,A., wilh of· flces located al 1715 North McKern:le Street, Foley, Alabama 36535. Phone (205) 943·4500.
•
Sp.lin, Gillon, Tate, Grooms & Blan announces Ih31 {ugene P. Stults has joined the firm as iI partner. Offices are located at The Zinszer Building. 2117 Socond A~nue, NOllh, Birmingham, Alabama 35203. Phone (205) 326· 4100.
•
Ray F. Robbins, II, announces Ihe change of the firm name to Rohbins & Owsley, that Milr. O. Owslt...,. has become it partner oi the firm and J, Vdn Wilkins hilS become associated with the firm . Offices arc locelted at 211 East Nonh SIm£!I, To1l1ade8a, Ala' bama. Phone (20S) 352-1650.
•
Prince, McCuire & Coogler, P.c. an· nounces Ihat P,1(11 W. Copeland has become an ilssociate in the firm, wllh offl<:es 011 2501 6th Street, TUSCJloosa, Alabama 35401. Phone (205) 345-1105,
•
cated at 100 Wolshinglon Strre:. Huntsville, Alabama 35801. Phone (2051 539-6000.
•
The firm of W.l l1ace, B rook~ & Byers announces tllm Albert L Jordan and William A. Ratliff have joined the firm, eUeclive Mllrch 15, 198& The firm'S officfj'$ are located 111 Suite 626. SouthBridge Building, 2000 Soulh· Bridge P.lrkwdY, Birmlngh.lm, Alabama 35209. Phone (205) 870-(55).
•
The firm of Schotl, Ogle & HenIon anooul'lCes that II has changed its name 10 Sch<K!I, Ogle, Benlon, Gentle & Cenleno. The firm <1150 announces thaI Melinda l. Murphy, formerly l;rw clerk 10 the Honorable ecorge S. Wright, has become associated with the firm. Offices are located 3t Third Floor Watli Building, 2008 Third ~ nue, North, Birmingham, Alab.'ma 35203. Phone (2051 )24-4691.
•
The firm of Henslct', Bradley & Robertson, P.e. announces Ihat WiI· liam Burton OgletrL'e has beoome an associme of the firm dfL>etive May 2, 1968. Offices are locawd ill 754 Chestnut Street. P.O. Box 246. Gadsden, Alabama 35902. Phone (2051 543·9790,
•
The office of Douglas I. Fricdm;IIl, P.c. announces thaI M. Neal Rl.'ynolds has associated with Inc firm, with offices at Suite 555, Bank for Savings Building. 1919 Morris Aycnue, Blrm. ingham, Alabama 35203.
David A. Ludder, formerly generol counsel for the Alabama DepJrtmCflt of Environmental Managemrot, annoWlCes Ihat he has joined the Legal ElWironmcnt.ll Assistal'lCe Foundation at 203 North Gadsden Street, Suite 7, Tilliahassec, Florida 32301. Phone (904) 681·2591. LEAF Is D pub Ie Interest envimnmcnti\llaw firm which provides legal and tl'Chnlcal assist.lllCe 10 cillZeflS and 8r.ml'OOlS ol'g.lnlZ<llions in the dE:(!p Soulh (Alaooma, FIOflda and GeorgIa).
Karl W, Lw announces the relocoltlon 01 his practice from Greensboro. North Carolina, 10 Huntsville, Ala· bama, under the name Leo & Associ· ates. Jerry E. Farmer has become ilssociall>d with the fifln , Omccs arc I~
Ann R. Richardson and Gene Churc h anoounce the formatio., 01 the firm Richardson & Church, with offices located al 603 Oak Tree Pla7.a. Halayvilll;l, Alabama 35565. Phone (205) 48&-9554.
Burr & Forman announces Ihat John F. OeBuys, Ir" has bt.'Comc a member of the firm. O(fices arc localed at 3000 SouthTrU51 Tower, Birmingham, Alabo1ma 35203. Phone (205) 251·3000.
• •
•
257
Riding the Circuits Colbert County Bar Association
Mobile Bar Associalion
The Colbert County Bar Msodation recently elected Its 1987路88 officer).
The Mobile Bar Association Barristers basketball team wa s undefeated In rcgular season play and named 10urnJnlCrll champion In the Mobile Industrial League. PiClured 001(1,01, lLofl to right, are Bernie Mathews, Coleman Meador, Luke
They are:
President: Terry L Mock, Tuscumbi~
V,(e路pt1,!)Ic.lenl: John M. Kt>nnemer, TuiCllnlb,a Sl!crelary-If(!asurur: Bryce U. Graham, Jr., lUKumbl.,
Coley, Skip Wllson, Pete Mackey, 11m Barter, Eddie Grct'nc, Phil Philpot, Ben Rowe (player<oachl. Ferrel l Anders (pl,楼,r-asslstJr\t ooach-generJI manager), Marcus McCrory, Brent Baker and Jim Rcbarchak . - Henjamen T. ROwe
The b"r association recently 51)On路 sorcd two cvcnts commemorating Law
Day, USA. Mayors nnd various munldpallcaders presented the oor assocla.lion with formal Ilfoclamill ions r('-
gardlngl.Jw 'M!ck, il t alunchcon held al the Rarnildl Inn, Sheffield, Alab'lma. AI'iQ, lilt' bar M50dation sponsored a mock trial enthlcd rhe Slale of Mel/ow vs. Elston Nee/ely. Numerous members of the bJr association participated in the various roles. The
Hon. Inge Johl"SOI'I, presiding Judge of
the 31st Judidal Circuit, presided OYer the events Ix>fore a C,lpadty crowd of high school seniors. The appointed commln(!(!s have planntod a bus), year for members. The law Day Commillce, chaired by OJ, G ildner, successl~ly completed all of thc Law Day festivi ties, The continuIng legal education c omml1lCC, chaired by E,V. M llUldin, is rott ing up seminars to be held In Co lbert County for ClE credl!. larry Moore, chairman of the entcrt.:llnmcnt comrnltwe. has scheduled several SOcl.ll functiOnS for 1966. - Hryce U. Gralmm , Ir.
M ontgomery Counly Bar Associa-
tion The Montgomery County Trial law'r'!1'S, in conjunction with the Alab-1ma Trial Lawyers Assoc 3lion, sponsored the second an nunl Sl'Insone Peoples' Law School. The program, which was the brain child of the I"te Montgomery lawyer AI Sansone, was held in March {lild April, starting March IS 'lnd running once a week for 13 week~ 11 fcatured 15 speakers from the area's legal com-
munity who dona ted thei, time. TopIcs wcre chosen to eXl>Ose al1endces to a broad oycrvicw of the law and the legal syStem. Atlendl'(!s completing the course were awarded a ccrtlficale of completi on and a class picture. Each member of the class l>aid S15 towilfO defraying expenses. 11 Is ilnliC;lpatt.'(! the Sansone l'oopll'S' tilW School will continue on ,In annual basis. - Ioc T. Booth, IV
Alabama Bar Directories $15 eilch (includes postage) Send check 10: Bar Directory, P,Q. Box 4156, Montgomery, Al 36101
256
SCpf.cmber 1988
Settling an C$ UltC can be n complex proposition. BUl it's nothing com pared to building one. How will)lOu invest1 What kinds of risks nrc you willing to take1 And who Cll n you rciyon to help you make the right choices1 Consider the nUS! Services of AmSouth Bank. You mighllhinkoufcxpertise lies in cstate plnnning Ilne! scttlemellt. After all, aurnUSt Divi-
sian has an unparalleled record in these nrens. But Qur profession:ll staff is also qU:llificd to make the kinds of invesuncnts that com help you gl'OYl right now, from real estate and bonds to high-growth equity investments. And with those kinds of investments in
your pocket, you'll soon have an cstate worth settling.
IA â&#x20AC;˘
..c:........ ,_
.:fI"'uv~ I "
furYourGrowing Nccds. Ml'mbu FDIC. AmSo..nh a.nk, N ."'.
Bar Briefs DeC's saluted in Bifrristcr Mas.1Z;IIc MontgQmery l'Iiltive and ilt!orney Mor.
ris Det!s, Ir., was inclucl(.-,(/ in an article honorln8 20 ~ung 1/IW~rs i1PPCilrinJ:! in the special summer issue of the Barrister. The article nam~ men and women of variou s racial, ethnic and religiou s groups, private practitioners, government lawyers
and a Judge. Dee$ is il co-founder of the Southern
I'overly
LilW
Center.
Barr/s lcr Is published quarterly by the Ameri Ciln B;Jr Associiltion Press (or members of th e /\8A's Young Lawyers' Division.
Gil l graduated from V,mdcrbilt University hI 1962 and the University of Virginiil School of LilW in 19&5. He is a member of the Alabama State Bar and th e Am~ri can Bar Association, former member of the filculty at Jones Law School, st!nior associate specl al counsel for the United Stat~ House of Represen tatives Judiciary Committee on hnl)Cachmenl Proceedings (1974) and a mCl"lber of the Alabama State Bar Board of Bar Commissioners, Fellows afe limi tt,>d to one-third o( 1 percent of lawyers licensed to practice in each [urisdiction.
Codbold receives honorary degree from Auburn UniverSity United STates Circuit Judge John C. Godbold WilS hooded by Auburn University President Jilmes E. Martin during spring commencemen t ceremonies June 10. The Alabama native rtltcived an honorary doctor of laws degree from AU for his " life10rlS commltmenl to judidlll excellence:' Godbold noo serves as direc· tor of the r'('derill Judicial Cente r, a Wash· ington, D.c., "think tank" Ihat COllduCIS research, tr.lining and teaching (or the feder<ll Ill(liciilry.
Justice Jones chai rs Amcrican Oar Association AllPcllal c Judgcs confe-
Gill named fellow of American Bar Foundat ion
rence
The FeliOoNS Is an hOllOraIY organll.<Irion
Justice Richard l. JOrlCS of th e Supreme Coun of Alabama recen tl y became chair· man of the Appellate Judges Con ferenCe of th e Ameri can Bar Associ;nion Judicial Admini str"IiOIl Division.
of praclicillg atlomcys, judges and law teachers whose I>(ofesslonal, public and private careers n(lVe demollstrated out· standing dedicJtion to the IN(!lf" re of their communities ,!nO to the highest I)rin ciples of th e legal I)rofession. EStiiblished in 1955, Fellows encourllge and supporlthe research pr,ogram of the Amerl carl Bar Foundation.
The t on(erence hilS about 800 members from bOlh slate and fcde ",1 courts of appl;!ili s ilround Ihe CQuntry. It represents th eir vk'WS on policy ques· tion s to tho ABA and the logal profession at large, arId develops educa tional programs and materials for its members. As chairmall, Jonos presides over conference sessions arid oversees staff admlnis-
Richard Hamilton Gill, parmer in the liIW fiml Copclllm;l, Fr,mco, Scn;:ws 8< Gill in Montgomery, recent ly wa s elecred a fe llow of the Amt!riCiln B~r Foundation.
260
Martin & Godbold
Scpwmbty 1988
/0"", Iralion of confcr'ence policies ilnd goals. l Ie w ill serve a Olle-ycar term.
The Francis R;twle AWJrd was established In 1983 when the Philadelphia law nrm of Rawle and Henderson, as pan of the commemoration 01 it$ 200th (I nnlversary, offered to establi sh, and fund In the name 01 Frilnci~ R.1Wle (1846-1930}, an aWJrd in recognition of outstJndlng contributions to the con tinuing educa路 tion of the legal prolenion. The Rawle Award recipient recel\ll'S the sum of $2,500 and an appropriitte memorial of the occasion.
district judges currerl tl y silting. PracticIng lawyers have benented <:<lUally fn)m his teaching. For the past dec"de he has been 11 rcgular particil);)nl in AU-ABA courses of study on triall'Vldence, civil pracUce and effQ(tive IiligJ1 ion tech路 nlques, and he has been a lecturer or panelist for pf'Ogr.lms sponsored by many other organizations. as we J as at numerous programs of Circuit Judicial Confercnces and of various state and local bar associations.
Judge Pointer rc<clved Ih!:' Rawle Aw,ud for his con tributions 10 POStadmission legalloducatlon as a lectur!:'r or p.lnelist In a wide variety of Instructional progrJms for both the federal judiciary and the l)rll:Ctlclng bar and as chairman of the board of loditors and
In recommending Judge Pointer for the AWilrd, the Award Committee notoo Ihal Nlhe rcmarkilble quantity of Judge Pointer's teaching has been ""llChed by Its consistentl y high quality, His presenta路 tlons are noux! fo r their cogency, penetration, and wil; his u~ of small.group, c1lnlCill sessions Is charilClerlzed by innovative techniques aimed at gre~ ter Sludent Involvement In the problems presented. Of enormous practic.,1 value, his inSlruction is also sensiti ve 10 the elhical dimensions of the issues with which it deals.N
Jones has beel'l active In the confe-
rence for several years, and became an ome!!r of the CXL'CUlive committee of Ihe conference in 1962,
Jones also was
iI
commissioner with
the National Conference of Commissiorlof Uniform Slate LiM'S (rom 19n to 1988, and served on that conference's (!)Co ecul ive committee from 1963 10 1985. He received his law degree from the University of Alabama In 1949. CI1
Judge Pointer receives 1988 Rawle Award The Honorable Sam C. Pointer, Jr., chief judge of Ihe Unl lt.>d Slales District Court (or the Northern District of AI{Ib.1mil, was presented with the 1988 Francis Rawl!! Award for OUl5lilndlng achlC'o(!-
menl In posl-adm ssion legal cdocillion. The l)rCSCnl.1Tion was rn(l(!e Sunday, Au路 gust 7, In TorOl1lo, Ontario, Canadil, at the .mnual lunchcon of Th~ American L.1W In stl1u !(,~merl call Bar ASl>OClmlon Committee on Continuing Profassion<1 1 EduC,l llon (ALI-ABA) for Its lecturers and authors held in conjunction with the American 6ar Association's Annual Mc(!IIng.
Polnl!!r
principal author of the Manual (Or Complex UtI8<'fion, Second, which since its publica tion in 1981 has been the primary resou rce for both Judges and lawyers in handling compl e~ litigation . A regular Instructor since 1975 both at ,1nnual workshops for i(.'deral judges and wminars lor newly-apl>oinllXl federal district Judges sponsored by the f<!deral Judicial Center, Judge Polnt(!f has taught approximately 90 percent of the floderctl
In addition, the commi ttee observE.'d that, "Judge Pointer deserves much of the crlXllt for the fulfillment d the Manual for Complex Litigation. SC(ond's avowed purpose of PrQlliding a5siSl~nce in re5Ol .... ing complex litigation in the most just, speedy and Incxpcnsi w manner prilcticable under the clrcumstances.N Judge Pointer has served illso il5 an adviSer tl) The AmcriCiln law Institute's Preliminary Study of Comple~ litlg.lllon ilnd Is the author of a sophisticatl-d computerized case-nlaf\agemenl progr..n for federal judges. !+. graduate of Vanderbil t University and the University of Al abamll School of Law lind recipient of a Master of Laws Degree lrom NC'N York UnlYef5ilY School of law, Judge Pointer was a practi tioner for 12 years In his native Birmingham, Alabama, He has been chief judge of Ihftt court since 1981 .
last date to get articles, ads or letters in the November 1988 Alabama Lawyer is September 30, 1988 The Alnbama Lawyer
2.,
Honor Roll of Attorneys Participating in IOLTA (as of August 2, 1988)
The Alabama Law FOUlld,nion, Inc. an路 nounces that the following attomcys and
law firms h;we been added
\0
the list of
those participating in the IOlTA program, Th~ found ;:ttion thanks those piHticlpa-
ting for their 5UPI>ort.
CONECUH Chapman, William T" II COV INGTON
Gordon, Slioornum, WiSSins & Childs Heaps & Ramsey johnstOIl, Bnnon, Proctor, S'NC<lIaw &
Cook, Allen EdWilrd Grissett, larry R.
Naff Krilmer, James R, Maring, Harry B, Rl'(lden, Mill s & Clark Vincent, HaSty, Arnold 8. Whillt."{ \lowell, Met!lheim & McKay
Rilbrcn, W3ndil M. CULLMAN Brunner, Harry E, JI. Smilh & Smith DALE Brogden & Quanlebaum
LAU OERDAlE
Burdine, Robert l " Jr, Schuessler & Sandlin
AUTAUGA W,l lthllll, Jf" Gcorge p,
Kcr\ninglon,
UALDWIN
DALLAS
Murchison & Sutley
Gamble, Gamble & Calame
LAWRENCE
DEKALU
White, DOn R.
BAR80UR Jackson, Lynn Robertson
Marlin, James l. 8188
McKelvy & FI<楼I BLOUNT Nash & Associ;JleS BULLOCK
Ray T.
Smilh. Robert F.
Nole~,
Sleven Walson & W,llson
LEE Thrash, james R. Whi tt elsey, Ray & Tipton
ELMORE Ho rnsby & Schmitt ESCAM HIA
LIMESTONE Croomes, E, Sleven Raley. landy
Godwin, Charles R. Stokes, Jernigan & Slokes
MACON Bulls. Alben Clarence, lit
Scaroorol,Jgh, joseph T., Jr.
Jinks, Lynn w., III Rutland, louis C. CALHOUN
ETOWAH
Hughes, Patrick P. Wilson, Pumroy, Rice & Adams CHAMBERS
FI(l"y1;I, Keener, Cusim,lno & Rhei'l, Boyd Ii< Rhea Rhca, Donald R.
Reynolds, Charles G., Jr.
Willard, Willi am R.
CHEROKEE
fRANKLIN
McWhoner, Raben D., Ir.
Porch, jerry C.
CH ILTON Bowers & [)O'\'Iers
GENEVA lee & Fleming
Lalhnm, William D.
H OUSTON
Rogers, Jocl S" III CHOaAW Thompson /31 Tholl1l)SOn Utsey, McPhearson & Christopher CLARKE
6lll1tll1, Cobb & Shealy
Masorl, Phil/il) E. CLAY Warren, John Keith COffEE
Mclean, O. Bruce Rowe, Rowe & Sawyer COLBERT
JACKSON
Drummond, Ron ald A. JEfFERSON AICI(i1ncier, j . Lester Bi'llch & Bingham
n
MARSHALL Gull,lhorn & Hare MOBtLE Allen & Fcrn~ndel! Armbrt.'(ht, Jackson, DeMouy, Holml!s & Reeves
Crowe,
Brown, Hudgens, Rlchard$Qn
Bcrkowltz, Lefkovirs, 150m & Ku shner Clark & SCOtt Cornelius, Wail!!r Dawson, Wi1llam M.,
Isom, J;lckie
Vinson, Guyton & Wood
W,llker, Jnmes D.
Armslrong. Tommy
Ellis & fridlill
T.. Jr.
MAR ION
Ramsey, Bal(ley & MCD()uglc
Mc Donnell , wil iam F.
MADISON Hornsby, Blankenship, Robinson & Mcginniss Stephens, Millirons. Harrison & Williams Watson, Gammons & Fees Willisson & Tucker MARENGO Coplin, Wmlam
Merrill & Harrison
!'!cwlctt & Black
262
RObcrl~
Jr.
Bryant. ThOmas E., Jr. Conrad, Hnmmond & Barlar Oel.lney & Delant."{ H arri~, Wil!iilm H. Holberg & Danley
5eplCmber 1988
Jackson & Taylor lohnstone, Adams, BallI!\!, Cordon & Ilarris loYt!less & Banks TIbbets, Edw;ud R. MONTGOM ERY Mclain & Hilmpton Steiner, Crum & Baker MORGAN Cauthen & Cauthen Colerllan, A. J. PERRY B:lrncs, l ames Mo , Ir,
PIKE
Pelfrey, V. lee RUSSELL Phillips & Funderburk SHELBY C.1USCY, V. Wilyne Griffin, Alli son & May SUMTER Upchurch & UpchulCh TALLADEGA 8ell & landers TAlLAPOOSA Adair, Chillies R., Jr, Myer, Perry G., Jr.
TUSCALOOSA Hardin & WI$(! McElyy & Ford Mountain & Mountain WALKER Robinwn & Nelwn Wilson & King WASH INGTON Odom, Harold W.ue & W;ue WilCOX Bonner, W. J., Jr, WIN STON Richilrdwn, Ann R,
•
Honor Roll of Financial Institutions <as of August 2, 1988) The Alllbmlltl I.aw Foundiltion, Inc, an· nounc~ that thu following financial In· sTlTuTions are PMicil)'lting in the IOLT.... program, The foundation lhanks these in· sTituTions for thelt pArticip.ltion, Aiab"ma Feder,,1 Savings & I.o"n Association Altus Bilnk AmSou th O"n"" Bank Independent, Florence BalIk of AlbcrlYi11c Ballk of Dadl....·1I11,l Bilnk of Mobile B"nk of Prattyille Camden NatJonal Bank Central B.mk of the South" Centrill Sta te Bank, Calera Citizen's Feder,l l S"vlngs Bilnk Cltlzen'$ National Bank of Shawmut Colonial Bank' Commercial B~nk of OZilfk C(JVington County Bank Farmers & Merchants Bank, Ari ton FMrllCrs & MerchMtS Bank, L.1Faytltte FJrmers & Merchants Bank of Russell County First Alabamil Bank' First American Bank, Dcc"tur First American Bank of Pelh.,m First American Fedeml Saving5 & Loan, Hunts... llie
The Alabam.1 Lawyer
Fi rst Blink & Trust, Grove HIli First Bank of Baldwin County First Commercial Bank, Birmingham Fi~t Community B.lnk, Chatom Fi~t Federal Savings & Loan, Gildsden First Feder.ll Savings & Lo.ln of Bc~semef
First Ft.'deral Savings & Loan tlf Florence Firs! Federal Savings & Loan of Russell County Fi rs! Federal Savings Bank, DCCJtuf FI~t Montgomery Bank First N;lIional Bank, Ashland First National Bank, OrC'NtOn Fi~t National Bank, Opelika First National Bank of AtmOre First National Bank of Columbiana First National Blmk of Florence First NllIlonal Bank of H.,milton Fi rst N"tlonal Bank of Jasper Fi rst N"tional Bank of TuskalOOSJ First NaTional Bank of Union Springs First STlrte a.1nk of Bibb Counly First State a.,nk of Tuscilioosa Jacobs Bank, ScoHSooro National Bank of Commerce, Birmingham Peoples Bank & Trust, Selma Pike County Bank Robert~o n Blinking Company, Demopolis
Southland Bank, Clayton Southland Bank of Dothan SouthTrust B.1nk, Auburn SoUlhTrust Bank of Alabama SouthTrust S.,nk of AndJlu sl.l SouthTrust Sank of Baldwin County SouthTruSt Bank (If C.. lhoun County SouthTrust Bank of Cullm"n SouthTrust Bank of Dothan SouthTrus! Bank 0( Etowah County SouthTru st S.,nk of Huntsvi lle SoulhTru st Bank of Mobile SouthTrUSI a"nk of MOnTgOIllCry SouthTru§t Bank of Ozark SouthTruSt Bank of the Quad Cities SouthTrust Bank of Tuscaloosa County Sweet W,l\er Slaw Bank The American Bank, Gentlva The Bank of r.,lIassC!C The Choctaw B'lnk of Butler The Citizens S.,nk, Enterprise The Citizens Bilnk 0( Vililey l"lead The I\.-oples Bank, East T,ll111SSCC The Peoples Bank & Trust. GrcClwllle The Peoples Savings B"nk, CI" 'lton The Perry County Bank Tuskegee Federal Savin~ & loJn Assocl<llion Union Bank & Trust Conlp.lny United Sucurlty a"nk, Butler ·Financla l Institutions pJrllclpmlng statewide •
Environmental Liability ~f;}
0.........
.
,
,
.
S~p!ClIlbcr
1988
for Vendees and Lenders by T. Bruce McGowin
I. Inlroduction This ilrtide is intended as a primer for anorncys engilsed in basic (Or'nmercia l real
t.~t,lIC
II. CERCLA After years ol deb.1le, Congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
practice on the vas t en·
sponse, Compensation ;Jnd Liability Act
vironmental liabilities that can anach to ellen Ihc most mundane prOI)efly
(CERCLA), 42 U.s.C. ~ 96 0 1 , el seq., in response 10 Ihc clwironmcnlal hnrm of Im-
acquisition.
prOf>cr dlSI)()sal of hlU;ilrdous wa Sle.
Unl!cd States v. Price, S77 F.SuI)I). 1103, 1109 (O,N.J. 1983). CERClA was mcant
10 supplement Ihc exist ng Resource ConscrvJllon and RccoYery Act (RCRA),
42 U.s.c. §§6901·6987, and Other federal law that previously had Ixoen enacted to
rcgu1iue h;u:ardous waSle disposal (rom "cfOldl e to grave:' Ic/, In parilcuillr, CERCLA W<1S enacled In response to Congress's perception of Ihe massI'.'C problem of inacli'.'C ha z~ rdous waste sites ilnd spill ~ of (0)(IC mmerials. Sec
H.R. Rep. No. 1016, 961h Coog. 2d Sess., 16, reprin/eel In 19BO U.s. Code Congo & Ad. News 6119. 61 20. To resolve these problems, the law establishes a mechanism by which Ihe g<M!rnmeni may Immooliltely respond to 1>1. 1
a'
spills of hazardous maleri"ls and longterm problems associated with aban· doned hilzilrdou$ w,lSIe. CERCLA eSIilbtl shes two fund s-the "Ialardous SubstJnce Rcsl>onse Fund and the Post-Closure Liability Fund- for the Immediate removal of hazardous subst.ll'K:es re-
leased, or threatened 10 bf> released, In· to the environment from a /acUity or YeSset. The U.S. Environmcnt.l1 Protection
T. Br(lce McGow;n, 11 partner in the 'Ii1obile firm of H/lnd, Arend.ll1, Bedsole, Greaves &- lohns/on, rcceived his under-
8raduate dcSree from Auburn Univers/Iy and law dcSrcc from the University of Alabama. He 1$ chalrpcoon o( the Eml· !OlIlIlen/al Law Section of the Alabama St.:lle Bar and a nwmbe, o( the Real Properl y lind Corporalion secl /ons o( the Alabllma SUIte Bar:
Th(! Alabama la.vyer
265
BlJSINESS VALlJATIONS employee .lOf:k owner, hip p]U\I
from (lamage to properly or the environ-
ment as a result of thest: releases. The ilP-
divon:a ' ch.llible ,U'tJ
lJroprimloll for th(SC funds Is dcrl'-«l pri. marlly from taxes levied on the petroleum and chemical industries and the
HIllel' inllln&lbJo UJetJ
disposers of hazardous waStes.
acq lid; lionl/dl vesli ture, IlOCkholder d ilputtl
Comact:
While CERCLA alOC.lted SUi billion to the toxic w.l51e problem durinS its first
Mitchell Kaye, CF A. ASA
fivc years, mvch of 111.11 money wAS spent
800 881-KA YE (5293)
on simply Identifying ;1Il£! assessing hazi1rdous waste sites. The result Is that there are n()w SOn'le 26,000 sites listed bv the EPA for further iJM,.'Stlg.ltlon and/or aClion .
Member American Society of Appraisers Past Pre$ident-Allanta Chapter The Institute of Chartered Financial AnalysIS
• Court Testimony
and I.R.S. Experience
2 ••
Agency (EPA) U~ these funds 10 Ilnance
the COM of remedying releases or hazard· ous substances and PilY claims resuiling
The EPA has placed morc than 800 of the nation'S WOf5t silCS on the National [Jrioritics USI (Ihe $O-(all(.'d "Superfund List'~, thereby quallfyin8 them (or federal cleanup funds and also sln811n8 them Out (or a particularly thorou8h Invcslig.ltion with strict EPA OYers!"'t. DUlln8the next five years, the list Is ecpecled to grow Into Ihe thouSJnds. Estimates of the gO'o'ernment's eventual share of the cleanup costs range into the billions.
III. Private party liability CERCLA authorizes the E~, under approl)riate circumstances, to order responsible parties to clean U I) hazardous wa ste dump slles, 42 U.s.c. §9606(al. or. In Ihe EPA's dlscrellon, to clean up Ihe site itself. 42 U.S.C. §9604(aJ(l). Initially, funding for a cle;lnup conducted by the EPA comes from the two fund s. The eW\ is thcn permitted to recover cleanup costs it has incum..>d from virtually any pilrly Irwol.......'(! with Ihe wasle. 42 U.s.c. §9607. Priv.,lc p'lrlies who have ncufred "rICCcssary costs of responsc ...consISlCnt with the national contingcncy plan" also may sue to TeCoYer damages. 42 U.S.C. §9607(aJ(4J(B). The ownell and opffilt~ of the site at the time of.he deanup and those p<l/'1ies who owned or opera.oo Ihe slt(J ,It the lime of Ihl.! dispos.,l are among Ihose who might be lIahlllto the EPA for the clean-up cost~ 42 U.S.c §9607(a)(2). Generators and tmnsporters 01 h.llardous wasle also are liable pursuant to CERCLA. Id. The courts have construed CERCLA liability as striclliabilily, so It 15 nOl necesSol lY fOf the government to prove the fault or knowledge of Ihe respon sible 1:h1rtics. N(,\ ... York .... Shore Realty Corp., 759 F.2d t032 (2d (ir. (985). In addition, liability Is considered joint and several, allowing the I¥Wl!rnment to pursue any one responsible party (or the whole cost of site cleanup. Uniled Sl.JtC$ v. w.:tde, 577 F.SlIPP. 1326, 1337-1339 (to. I',l. (985); Un/fed $t.1tes .... II&F Materials Co., 576 F.SuPI). 1249, 1253-57, (S. D. III. (984); Unllcd Sf<lleS v. Chem.D)n!' Corp., 572 F.Supp. 802 (S.D. Ohio 1983); See Note, [nvironmen/iJf IAw-Joinl and SCW!rM li<lbllily Under CfRCLA, 57 Tcmp.L.Q. 885 (1984); See also, Note, The RiShllO Contribution (or Response Cosu Under CfRCtA, 60 Notre D~ll1 e I.. Rev. 345 (1985). IJccau!!e courts have interpreted CERClA 10 provide strict l iability and found partit.'S jointly and severally liable, an owrler who purchased the site after the wast(! wa s dumped c~ n be saddled with the entirc cost of the cleanup. Courts have made II dear IhM Ihe fact that Ihe current owners did not cau!!e the COnlilminiltion does no. mean Ihey ilfe not liable for the cleanup. NC'W YOlk .... Shore Really Corp., 759 F.ld 1032 (1985). Under the current state of lhe law, an ()wner can be held liable simply by virtue of owning the prOI>erty.
September 1988
While con tribution or indemnity may
be available from the §eller, such may well entail protrilClcd liTigation and, In the end, is only as good as the seller's pockelbook . Since insurance for such de.lnuPs Is neatly impossible to obtain, a real prOI)Crty purch.1Sllr may find himsclf with an unusable piece of property and also with an EPA order that will reQuire thc expendi ture of mlIIlOfls. The best protection that a prospective I)urchaser can hao.oe against this si tuation 15 10 do his hOnl(work before the sale is consummated. With proper Investiga' tlon, a purch aser can decide whether he has obtained an adequale comfort level on C!nvimnmen tal concerns, and, in the process, lay the 8f()undwork for escaping liability und'-!f a new amendment 10 CERClA even If his analysis lalCr should be proved fa ulty. IV, Innocent landowner exception lout YCilt, CEIKLA was extended another nve years by the Superfund Amendments and Reau thorization Act (SARA). SARA aUf-mpted to mitig.,Ie the $Ifict liability of (he law by cmMing an "innocent landowner" defenSll. SARA ill· tempts to shield hlOdovo'llers who acquifl! property without knOYo'lcdge of prc-existing environmen tal condi tions on that property, I.e., "innocentlandowocrs.H Sec SARA, Section 101 (35) coclifled at 42 US.c. ;960(35). This proviSion requ ires the purch,lser 10 demonstrate that at the time of acquisition he undertook an approprlate inquiry inlo the PMt uses of th e property. In Its attempt to shield innocent pur· chJsers. COf'Igf.:osS codified the definition of "contractual relati onshi p" under CERCLA to JIIC1N purchascrs of real estate who acquire prOj)Crty without knowlL>dge of any conmmln1'ltlorl to qualify for tho SIat(rtory defense from liability. Sec SARA, $eetion IOI(3S)(A)(I), codIfled at 42 U.S.C. S9601(35)(A)(lI. To establi sh that the purchaser had no rea· son to know of environmental contamination at the property, however, the amendment requllC!i the purchaser to Inquire Into the previous owrlcrshlp and uses of the property In an efforl lO mini· ml~e liability. The scope of that inqu iry is subject to a tc~t of consistency with "good comn,crcial or customary l)raCtice;' defined to rndudl! thl! following factors: The A/lllMrna l.awyer
H. . . any specialized knowledge or ex· perience on the Pillt ol the dc(endant, the relation ship of Ihc purchase price to the Vitluc of the prOI>erty If uncon· tOlmlntlled, commonly known or rea· sonnbly ascertOlinnble informiuion about the property, this o/Niousness of the presence or likely presence of con tamination at tke property, and the ability to delect such con tamination by appropriat~ inspection:'
SARA, Section 101135)(81, codified al 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B}, The House Con· ference Report eMpresses the view that those engaged in commercial transac· tions will be held 10 a higher 51i.lOdilrd of Inquiry than those engagLod in residential tr,msactlons. Sc\l H.R. Rep. NO, 962, 991h Cong., 2d Sess. at 187 (1986). The availability of this narrow defl!nse from liability will creale a substan tial incentive to Investigale the property for environmental problems long before dosIng tht' Sille,
V, Suggested due dil igcnce To qUJllfy for this exception, th e pur· chJsct should begin his efforts long be-
fore Si tting down at tOe closing lable. From the standpoint of the buyer's counsel, negotiation ol a purchase ilgrwment which addresses environrnC!ntal concerns b(.'Comes critical, The purchll~ agreemen t Should give adequate comfort and assurances on prior property uses, set forth the environmental I~tigations reqU ited, alloca te the COStS of those in· vestiga tions and provide ilr'l oul if the resuits Me not satisfactory. The purchaser and his counsel should consider inc:l udIng th e follOYo'ing:
1.
Coml)rchensi~
rt.'Prt..'S(!n tiltlons and
warran tics:
2. AI)I)ropriate indemnll'icatioo and release dau~;
3. .A<!C!(juate time to discover breJche$ of represen tations and w.rran tles, and sufficicn t surviv(li periods for represen. tatlorl S, wMran ties and indemnifiCiltion clauses; 4. Clear allocation of liabilities assumed by each party;
S. Gencrous ri ghts to in$l>cct the site, review re<:ords Jnd interview employees before do~ing the deal;
ALABAMA BAR INSTITUTE FOR CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCA nON
HOW TO ADMINISTER ESTATES IN ALAB~ Second Edition, 1988 lnc:Ju des chllpters on administration of intestate es tptes, probate of wills, exemptions, transfer from prob.lte court, foreign and ancillary administra tion and small esta tes.
$60,00 • Price includes postage and handling. __ Yes, I would like to purchase the second edHion of How to Admi,,;sler Eslates j" Alabama. Enclosed is a check pa y able to the University of Alabama for $60.00 Na m e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____
Address For more informBtion contact ABICLE, P.O. Box C L, TuscaIOOSB, At 35487, (205) 348·6230
267
6. Allocation of audit and dl!anup expenses; 7. Rights to contribution for cleanup costs; 8. Assignment of insurance; and 9. Con tingent reS¢~ or {ldjuslments in purchasc price to reflecl environmental liabilities uncovered during th e due diligence review Brown , J., "Confrollting Environmentalliabllhles In the Purchase of Industrial Properly," Chicogo 8ar Assodalion Record (Oct. 1987). Following execution of a purchase but before dosing, a purchaser can further minimize liability In I)(operly tran sfers by conducting a prOper site Investigation and assessment. He should conduct a thorough investigation of th e property'Scompliance with elwironmental requirements and IlSSess the scope {lnd ex tent of (lny contaminiltion that may exist at the site. Thi s investigatiOn could Include the following: "gr~m~nl ,
1. Physically Inspect thl"' pro pt"rty alid document thaI Inspection with photographs. 2. Conduct (In e'tamination o( public documents Such as !:Iovernment a!:lency permits and enforcement files, spill reports, agency compilation s of en force· ment actions Md parties I"M)I~ i" such IIction s. 3. Review SEC filings and .lIlY court n.'Cords and admini stfil ti YC proceedings l(ivolvi(ig environmental maners. 4. COrllraet w,th a repu tabl e firm (or an ellvlrOJHl1e'ltal audit of the property, possibly Including soli and groundwat~r samples. 5. Determine whether the seller has any other propenies that have been the subject of a hazardous Wil SIe cleanup. 6. Dl.'v clol) a detailed ownership history, including prior uscs and aCli ... itics. 7. DetCrmine whether there are any ponds or OIlier bodies of st:mding Willer on the property. 8. Determine If above or undcrground storage tanks are used and whether th~ have been tes ted for leaks, 9. Determine whether the propelly has cvt!r been the subject of an environ. mCI1!al audit or a~sesSn1ent, ilnd, if so. review the audit. 10. Review the {mIICI"Scorrespondence with fcder.,I , sta te and local c,wlrollml"'lit(ll authorities, including any litigation or enforcement file$. 268
11. Determine whether the current OWner haS any environmental permits from local, stale or fl!deralgQvt:rnment5. 12 . Determine whether the property has ever bee(i the subject of eI ther tin inycstigation by federJI, sta te or local officials or private litigation as a result of Ihe handling of haz~rdou s m<l\erials. 13. DCtCrmine whether the I)roperty is 011 EPA's Natlo(ial PriOrities U St (,Ir Emergency and Remedial Response Information System. 14. Determine whether a significant acddent or other inci dent that resulted In hazardous waste contaminil tion eYer occurred on the property. 15. ~termine whilltypcs of commer· cl al enterprises now operate and have previously operated on neighboring properties. 16. Determine whether neighboring fa· cili ties have eYer been Ihe subject of an investigation by federal , state or local offi cials or the 5ubjl,.'Ct of private litigation as a result of their hardling of ha.l;ardous materials. 17. Detcrllline wh~ther neighboring propenles arc on EPA's NatioMI Priorities List or EmergellCY a(id Remedial R~ Sl>onse Information System. 18. Delennine whether a significant ac. clde!ll or othtu incident resulting in hazardous waste contami nation ever occurred 011 Ilcighboring properlies. 19. Check local newspaper reCQrds. 20. Review aerial photographs. (LAND· SAT satellite photographs arc laken In tin annu,,1 series and allow an e...aluation of the pro~rly over time for noticeable ch 'l!1ges.) 21. Conduct intervi('w5 with employees of Ihe current and I)rtar ovvnCI"$ i1nd operators, as well as with area residents. 22 . Look (or obvious sources of COIltamination such as Improper storage of dr~lm s that could leak into Ihe ground, leaking underground fu ella(iks or electri cal sys tems that are leaking PCBs. 23. Consider requiring a lawytlr's environmental opi(iion. ThiS list Is by no meJns e~hau stive, nor is every single item requin.>d for each lra(isactlon . EACh prl,lperty aC(luisition must be rC'llcwcd on ~n indl ... idual basis a(id the al>propriate envlronmelital h~s l igation tailored (or Ihal specific site. As th ere are yet no court decisions to estabUsh the pdrametefS (If the due diligence
sufficient to claim the statu s of " innocent iandovvn"!r," an environment,,1 inVl;1stlgation should encompass ~ s much as th"! tr.lnsaClion will bear. VI. lender liabilit y Uke prospccti\IC purchasers, lenders al so should be made aWJre of th eir ~ tential elwlronmental e~pos ure. In the w.,ke of federal distri ct court decisions in United StMes .... Mir.lbife, F.n""l. /,. Rep. IEnvl1. l. Inst.J 20994 IE.D. Pa. 1985), and Un/ted Slales v. Maryland Bank & TrU$1 Co., 632 F.Supp. 573 (D. Md. 1986), ba(iks (liid other creditors f(lce the possibility of being liable fo' Ihe com of cleanup of hazardous WilSIe sites created by their borrowers. In Mirabile, the United Stat es DistricI C(lurt fm the EaStern Distri ct of I\>nnsylv.mla denied a motion for summary judgmelil by a bank defendant that was a secured creditor of a comp.1ny whi ch crealed a hazardous wa ste site. Un ited Swtes v. MirJbile, Envtl. l. Rep. (Ellvtl. L. inst.) 20994,20997 (E.D. P.l. 1985I. The court held thilt th"! creditor may be held liable for response com under CERCLA if the creditor exercised control over Ihe daytMay operations of the site. The ba(ik's Involvement in Its borrower's operations result/ng in polential CERCLA liability included frequent ...isits to Ihe site, insisting on certain manufacturing chill1ges, reilssignmenl of lX!rsonnel and day-l(K!ay supervisions by an empl~ of the bank. Id. at 20997. Such activity ~ulted l(i the Irlal judg(!'~ denial of the bank's mOlion for summary judg. menl. due to his finding t1at sign/ncililt factual issues existed on the question of whether the bank's precleccsSQr had par· ticipMcd in the management of the site Ol>t'rator II> such an exlent as to " bring a secured credi tOr within the seal)!! o f CERCLA liability:' Id. at 20996. The case w.,s eventually scllled, so 110 further opinions will be Issued cl arifying the type of management activity that will be required to Impose CERClA liability on a lender assisting with its debtor'S man· ag~mcnt . Andresky, "Cover YOllr Asse ts;' 1]:7 Forbes 117 (March 24, 1986). The other Iype of tJOt ential CERCl A liability for i end(lr~ requires liO active parti ci pa tion In day-,o-day operations and, hence, is even more al;Hml(ig. In M.1fYI,md Bank & Trusr Co., 632 F.Supp. 111573 (D. Md. 1966), the United States Di stri ct COU" for th e DiSlri4:;:t of Maryland granted
Sep(emiJcr 1988
a moUon for summary judgment as 10 II· ability 10 Ihe Unilcd Slales and again$! a b.lnk dcfend~nt thaI was a secured creditor of an Individual who cre<l ted il hazardous waste si te. The court decided that the creditor was liable for response com under CERClA bl.!ciluse It had foreclosed on the waslC!-laden property subject to the mortgage. Maryfand Bank & Trust initially made an acquisition loan 10 a Irash and g<lrbage disposal blJsiness In the amount of $335,000 and took back 11 mortgage. When default occurred, thc bank instl· luted a foreclosurl! action and purchased the propeny at the forecl osure Sll le with a bid of $381,500. Subsequent 10 foreclosure, EPA was notified of crwironmenlal problems. Based on lests it conduCled, EPA requcs!(.>d and receillCd funding 10 conduct a removal action under CE RCLA . EPA con tacled Maryland Bank & Trust and g.1W il the opportunily to clean Ihe site, which the bank decllnl!d. The EPA laler cleaned the sile Itself, Incurring COSISof $551.713, and in!tituled a COSI·rL'CO\I(!ry aClion against the bank.
The sole issue in Maryland Bank & Trust Co. w.u whether the bank's foreclosure subiected It 10 liability under CERCLA. While the court rulLod tha t mortgagees were not sublect to CERCLA liability merely for holdi ng security intel'{'Sts, a b.lnk, upon foreclosure, became an owller and. there/ore, was liable to EPA for clean-up COilS. In nlaklng lts de(isioo, the court relied heavily on public policy ar8umenlS- The court declared that If the bank's posltiOll Prt......lil<..'d, Ihe "federdl government alone would shoulder the COSt of clean ing IJP the site following the s.ale, (.. ndl Ihe bank could sell the site 111 a l)roOI." Id. ill 580. Thcrcfo~, the bank's position would lurn CERCLA "inlo an Insurililce scheme for finilndal Institutions l)rOlectlng them agalnSI possible losses due to the security of loans with POUUled properties." Id. CERCLA, ildmonlshcd the coun, should 1'1 0 1 absolYC financial Institutions from responsibility for mistilkes 01 judgment. Id. The decisions in Mirabile and MaryI,md Bank &- Trust Co. force lenders 10 IiIke into considcrillion their debtor's ac·
NOTICE The Alabama Capital Representati on Resource Center, a newl y-form ed organi za tion located at The University of Al abama to meet the lega l ass istance needs o f persons on death row, seeks appli cations for (our positions. Each requires post-conviction ca pital litigation experi ence al1d Alabama State Bar Membersh ip (or nex t exam). Applicants for the position of execlrti ve director (to $43K) should have experience as a resourceful manager w ith publ ic relations and negotia tion skill s; senior staff attor-
ney (10 $38K) should be a resourceful leader; two staff attorneys (to $30K). Detailed position d scription s are avail able from and resumes and writin g sa mples
should be enl 10 Frank S. James, III, Box 1435, Tusca loosa, Alabama
livllies Involving ha.tardoos WiIste both before makIng the loan and ilfter default. As a condItion of makIng the loan, credi tors should consIder requiring warriln tlcs ilnd representiltlons from theIr debtors stating thilt they arc not Improperly disposing of hil7.ardoU5 rn"terlals and indemnification from Ihe debtorilnd Its 8uJr.1ntors--in Ihe(''VCII1the oonk is found liable for such activity. Such warrilnlies, representations and Indenm iflcation s. howt.wr, obviously wlU not protect a crec.lltor where the debtor and ils guar· antors arc insolvent. Also, while an in· demnlfication agrC(!mcn t m,lY be valid bclv..'CCn Ihe politics to the .1greement, CERelA specifically prohibitS such agrC(!ments from transfefflng liability fOf cleanup cos ts. 42 U.S.c. §9607(e)(I). Creditors also should consider under· taking some or ilil of the 5i1me Inquiries as delililcd above for pu 'chilscrs, both before enlerlngl nto the trans,lelion and before foreclosing 01'1 the property. Wilh· OUI soch duediligenc(', a lendl'f may fi od itself shouldering the COSI of an environmenwl clean-up far In excess or lIS bad loan. •
A ......ORDABLE TERM LI ... E INSURANCE FROM COOK &. ASSOCIATES Comp,re thea' low non·,mokl' annual ra t.. lor non· dlcrea.lng graded premIum tilt: MALI ,1,011
11101000
UOOrOOO
II
210.00 tlUO
4U.00 4'0.00 4'1.00 ....00
.."" ..""
tI • .oo
,, 1000 1°00
170.00
.n.lo
....00 UO.OO "0.00 412.10 no.oo I ,In.IO 841.10 I,OU.OO 1,110.00 ',110.00 1,111.10 "0.00 1,311.00 .,ua.oo a,Teo.OO 4,31'.00 2,n2.'0 ' ,U' .OO I,mok,, 'a rol.. all,hlt, hIgh."
R,nlw.btl to 'gl tOO. Flm,le fll .. aaml " mil" lOu r ya.,. younger. All CQYtr-01 provided by complnlll r,led .... EMcelient" by A.M. Ball Co. For a writtln quotatIon .nd pallcy dllCflpllon lind your dill 01 birth .nd .mount 01 co.... r.g, d..l~ 10:
COOK & ASSOCIATES 2910 COTTAGE HILL ROAD . SUITE 201 MOBILE, ALABAMA 36606 1208) 478.1737
35487·1435. (205) 348·5756. r he Alabamll Lllwyer
269
1988 Annual Meeting Highlights Birmingham-The Wynfrey Hotel July 21路23, 1988 1 Kcirh Norman (lef!) and Diane Wr!ldon (second from rish!), Alabama SllIte Bllr Slaff memberS, di$J;II$$ 5f!1:rion mccting arrangcmcnts with a Wynfrey Hotcl rcprC$cntallvc,
4
Robert McCu rley (right), direccor of the Alabama I1tw insliwle in Tusca loosa, presenled Sena/or Rick Manley Of Dcmopolis wi/h iI cenifiCilw of apprcda!loll for sponsorins s(.'Vcral pieces of legisll)lion ((uring the last legis/alive session.
2 Milrk Wh ite. rccently back to BirmIngham (rom P/rrsbufsh, enlCrlained Presldem Harris and over 300 atlCndccs as the Bench IHld Bllr lunchcon spellker Thursday,
b ", ludge lohn David Snodgrass of HUlllsvllle,
7 The new 8cneral counse l (or the stale bar, Ceneral Rooorl W N(Jrris, USAF ret!'rcd, and wife Martha wt!fC Illtroduced durillglhe luncheon . 80lh arc rlalives of Birminghllm, and he Is II graduille of/he University of A/ab.lma School of I1tw,
3
W,men Lightfoot (standing lefl) of Blrmlng/lafrl r~ived Ihe Willter P. Gewin Aw.ud from Sleven Cmcns (r/ghl), director of the Alilbam/l Bar Instirute for CLE in Tusc,1100S3.
270
5 A/abama Supreme Couf! Chief Justice
c.c.
Torbert 'l ddressC'i luncheon /I/[en路 dees prior 10 preseminS the Herber Harley Aw.lrd to. , .
8
Taking II bre,lk from sectiOn mcctillgs are Waller Price of Hlml$viIJt,! Md W,mda DcverelluIC of MOlIIgomery,
Scprcmber 1988
9
C",hercd fOf the formal dedlcm/on of the Hugo L. Black Feder.l! Courtllouse Thurs路 day llftcmoon, ilmong many olhers, were ({ront row, leff 10 figil!) Senior Us. Distrlcl ludge Scyboum lynne of Decatur, Chief lustice Torbert, U.S. OislriClludge E. B. Haltom and Con8ressman Ben frdreich of Birmln8ham, and (back rOw, leff /0 figh!) U.S. Cir路 cui/ lud8e ~rl V.mce lind U.s. Districl ;ud8es Clarence A//good lind HOOMt Groomes.
10 A/<lbama Stdle Bar President Ben Harris fXIrtiCip..1lcd in Ihe dedicJlion of thc couf/house.
16 Spouses had <I choice of aclivllles FrickJy mornlns. and then ali8,1lhcred 01 fhe \.t>st.wi.l COUntry Club for a luncheon afransc</ by thc Blrm inghdm Bar Associ.alion aUllilliary. left fO rlshl are Pdt Durward, Birmingham; M/Jr/ha Nar,;s, Mobile; Il.!anne Huc/41by, Huntsville; Gall Sharp, ,1wdlli,IfY jJfcsident, Birmln8h/lm; and raye Clark, Hi/ming/lllm.
13 Cecil Whitmire, prcsldent of Ihe A/a!J.1ma Organ SociefY. entertained guests Thursddy nigf}( on Ille Alaooma's mighty Wurlilzer ...
17 Robert
PoII5, lefl, scnerJl counsel
ror Ihe Uniwrsity of AI.lbama System, 11 COligressman Erdreich sponsored leglslallon naming fhe /lCW courthouse for lustlce Hugo L Black.
12
Hugo 8lack, /r., Ihanked Iho$c responsible for Ihc honor (0 his (alher and Introduced his fdmlly 10 Ihose pff.'Senl.
Tile Alabama Lawyer
... ... when almost SOO lawyers and tllClr gues/s gathered (or till: annu;J/ memberslllp ff.'Ceplion.
and Rlch.1fd INoods 01 Mobile (right) spoke on Sl)OrlS law dcve/opmcnlS duro ing ~Updatc 'B8" Friday. ModefillOf S/eYe Rowe (middle) of Birm ingham sccms amused by Po //s' commems.
15 Fr;d,lY morning.. 11 former presidcnlJ of Ih e I fille o.lf gllthered for tnc fr.1dlt/onal Presidelll's 8reakfasf. Front row. lefl 10 rlghl. arc Bill I-liI/rs/on, Ir.; P,ll Richardson; O<Jkley MelfOn; Bill Scruggj; Sonny Hornsby; lind 11m North. Back row. left 10 righi, arc Ffi)nk Tipler; ludgc Truman Hobbs; Sen.1I0r Howcll Heflin; Drew ROOden; and Norborne Slone.
271
20 ... Michael Bownes, director, Of路 fice of Consumer Protectioll, A/abamil A(lomey Gener'li's Office, Montgomery, "Deceptive Tracie Pra ctices Acl': .. Olher s~akef$ iJnd ropics during "Upd<l/c" included Oavid Crosland,
WJshingr(lfl, D,C., "Compliance wirh Ih!! ImmiBralioll Reform Acl ~ ..
I') . .. lames WI/SOil, U.S. AI/orney, Middle DistricI of Alabama, MOnlsomcry, " Fcder.ll Senlenclns Guidelines': ..
By Friday nighl, conven(iOn-goers were rcady 10 be enlerlained, and elllerIdined rhey Iv(>re by rhe Chicaso Bar
CBA cast members, some who performed at the 1986 ann(l;!1 meetillS in Birmillshilm, inr;lv(~(/, left ro ri8111, R..l/n路 ell Rains, Charles CoodnOlv, Frank Steponate, julian Fr<1:tin, Len Rvbin, Audrey Rvbill and Mary McNichols.
Associ,llion:S "Chr/slma s Splr/ls" show, here in/rOc/(lccd by Presidem l-Ia"ls.
I ... and Wcndell Mirellel/, SIMC bar leSislative counsel. I.uvcrne, "W/li$/<l!iVC UpdMe."
Olle of the crowd's f,lVorites, "The Colden Rule," drew altenlion 10 Ille rccellI "plighr" of PvtJngclisr Tammy Faye Bakker.
1 8ack 10 business Sarurday morning. Presld(ml l'larrls recognizeel rhe effort., and hours Biven by commi!lee chairper. sons and preselllcd certificates 10 rhose present, includlllS Dennis Balske or MOnlgomery, Indi8ent Defense CommlrrC(> chairpcrsof).
!6 LaICr Ihal morning.. CharlC$ English, immcdllllC paSI presidclll of Ihe Kenlucky BM Association, shared Ihflr bar'$ e~pe'iences In starting a captive Insur路 ance compillly. SeJled, lell 10 rlshl, are Bill Moore, preSident, McNeary Insuram:e Cons(.J/1ins Services, Inc. of Charlotte, NC; Pres/dcm Harris; 1I1ld "/cnry Hellzel. chairperson of rhe slate bar's In Sltra nce Prosrams Commi1l('!C.
Scprcmbcr 1988
2: Fift'l"'}'ear certificates were presenrcd /0 six iIItolneys. They arc lames Bradford, Birmingham: Marlon H. Haygood, Grccll'llille; David U. Pallon, A/hens; Ricfwd E. PrQaor, Maul/oil; I. AmOld Teks, Florence; and, plclUred, Mary Ellen Sizemore, TIlI/,mcc.
IDnglime bar comm/H /oner Rick Man/ey (l7/h circl/il) /.Ilso was given an H}
Award of Merll for his numerous COnlri· bur/oIlS In effccliVfJ Icglsliulve leadership.
,J3 ."
"1 Mllry Lyn Pike accepted a St.ll£> bar Award of Meril (or her COrllriburions 10
28 Jimmy AlexarKkr 01 Athens receives a CommiS5 ;oner's Medallion, liS did fe/· low 00' commiss iOf'cr5 l.udyer Mllrtin, Wilde Baxley, L. E. GaSIl , Charles Hare ilnd Cres Wood.
lhe MCLe program in A/abJma. She now ;5 with Ihe Assodillion 01 Tria/Lawyers of America In Washing/on, D. C.
I Three memorial re5Qlulion ~, honor-
2 Incoming President Gary Iluckaby
Ing DoU811U Ar.Jn! of Birm lnghllm, John E. Adllm s of Grove /illl and Clopper Almoll of Sheffield, wefe presc/JIcd by Resolutions Commilree Chairperson
is presented lhe ASB Pre$ldcnt ) G.wel by retirln8 president Harris while . .•
/-//lfOld Albri/lon of Andalusia.
:J!l
pasl prcs/den! !-Illrris Is givclI Ihe "adillon,ll fclirlns prcsident's pillgue and Is welcomed inlO Ihc " PolSl PresldenlS' Club" by his predecessor, 8//1 5c(U885. /lOW
The Alabama lawyer
'14 Pr(!sldcnl-elecl Alva C.,lne of B/rmIngfwm was IlIStalied lind cxpressed his appfl.'Clalion to the membership for 00Ins elecled 10 the o ffice.
Plcrured at Ihe conclusion of lile 19BB /lnnuill rt1ec!lng arc, lefl to r/Bhl, 1988·89 Alabama Stale Bar Presldenl' e/ccI Alv,l C. Ciline, President Cary C. I-/uckaby and paSI President Ben H. Har. r;s, Jf.
m
Attorneys Admitted to Bar, Spring 1988 Michael Alltn t\kcrs ......... . . . Jackson, Mississ ippi Charles Stephen Alexander ...... Birmingham, A/ilbama Julia McCain lilmpkln Asanl , , , ... Tusc.aloosa, Alabama Clorla TercSJ Bllhllkel .... , .. , , . Birmingham, Alabama Jerry Dewit! B;Jkcr ,.,",.,',., . . /-funlsvillc, Alabama
Donna Kaye Ii.. ICS . ........... Talladega, Al,lbama Tracey l.F. Benedict ... ,." ........ Mobile, Alabama Britt Sc;I(CY Booth ............. MOflf8omcry. Joel Victor Bowman ............ Birminsham, Glenn Edward Br.lndon, Jr, • , .. , . Birmingham, Edward $pUfgeon Brown ........ Birmingham, Franklin Inzer Brown " " , . , . , ' MOflfsomcry, Rhonda Brownstein .. , , , , ...... , , , , Mobile,
Helen Shores Lt>e .. . .......... Birmingham, Alabllma LInda Sanford lche .. . •.....•. Vcsl.1via 1-11115, Alabama laVerne Davis Lewis .............. Fairfield, A/abllmil
AlaoomlJ
Timothy Alan lewis ........... Montsomery, Alabama
AlawmiJ
June Elaine lynn " , , ...... . /ackson's Cap, Alabama John Wesley Manuel ............ Pimama City, Floridol B,my 5.1muel Marks. , .•. , . . .. BirminghaM, Alabama Daniel Craig Masten , ••• , . , " •. N;uhv/l/C!, Tennessee Daryl lynn Masters .............. Mlllbrool<., Alabama Phillip Warmn M cCallum ....... Birm lnghllm, Alabam,1 Milrk Stcvcn Miller ... . ...... MOIl/80me ry. AlafJ<lma
Alabama Alabama Alabama Alabama
James laurence Butler, Jr. ...••..•. Hunrsy/llc. Alabama Philip JOs£!I)h Carroll, III ....... . lJirmlngh.1m. Alabama alice Kulhanek Cautey .......... WetumpkiJ, AliJbam.1 Wendell Jamt.'S Chambliss ....•.... Alellandria, Virginia Nancy Lynn ChUdress ........ , .. • /"Iuntsyl/le, Alabam.l Scott Ellis Childs .................. DOIh.ln, Alabama Shelbonnie lmnait Coleman . , .•..•• . Auburn, Alabama Paul Whiling CopeJalld .. ... ..,. Norlhporl, Alabama Jack Gregol)' Criswell ".,"",. Birmingham, Alabama Harold Ralph Cl'OQkes ...... , ... Birm in8ham, Alabama Gregory Dale Crosslin . . ... TUSc,l/oosa, Alabama Mary EUzabtlh CulberSOn ........ WelUmpka, Alaooma Teresa Davidson Davenporl ..... MOn!gomcry, A/ilwmil
Vicki Marie Davis , ............ Birmingham , Alabama Judl1h Elaine Dolan ....•. , ..... Birmingham , AI'lbama Virgil hlckson Elmore, III •. , , , , • ,B/rmlng/lam, Alilbama John H ucy Emfinger ...... , , , , , ... Ja ckson, M/ss/ssippi leland Gram Enzor, Jr........ ,., ,And,l/us/a. Alabama Sara·Jean FOilino .......... . Church HIli, Tennessee Arne Max Foss ... . . . . . . . . . .. •. Dalhan, Alabama louis Vinson Franklin . . . . . . .. . ..... Selma, Alab<Jma Frederick MOil Garfield, Jr. ... .. Birm ingham, Alabama Gwendolyn Bulger Garner ...... Blrm in8ham, Alab<Jma John Amhony Garner •• , .,' .. Montgomery, Fn.!u Dilvid Gray, Jr. , .. , ........ , Tus/w8ee. Brenda Jo H~ncock ...... , ... , . ,Tuscaloosa, Marlil Newbauer H,lIlsel ...... , .•.•. Hoover, Chrl Sllne Sampson Hinson .......... Daphne, Jeffery Van t~ood .............. Birminshllm,
Albert Oscar Howard, Jr....... . Montllomcry, Alabama Shirley Ann Jones " " " " , ..• , Birmingham. Alabama Willie MilYS Edwards Jones ..... , , Tuscaloosa, Alabama M1chacl Allen King ........ "", ,/ackson, Mississippi
Alabama A/abama Alabamol
Alabama A/abMla Alabama
ThomM Alldrew Minclree. II , .. New Or/cam. Louisiana Wesley Thomas Neill .......... Hlrminsh ill!l. Ailibama Ricky David Norris, Jr.... , ..... Birmingham. AI/Jbam.l William Burton OglC!tree " ••• " ••• Gadsckn, Alabama Artie Oale Price .. . ............. Enterprise. A/abam.1 Robert David Proclor ... , ... , , , . 8Irmlngh.1m, Alabama William Holcombe Pryor. Jr. " " ' , ' Me(a iri~, Louisiana Thomas leigh Read, Ilt ......... Birmingham, Alaooma
Kelly Dana Rt'(.'S(l ............... . MoIJiI~, Alabama Maria laune Reulher ....... Mounta in Broo~, Alilbclmil Mmk WillIam Roadarmd ............ Milcon, Georgia James Stanley Roberts, Jr, . , .......... Morr/s. Alabama
Patrick Lee Roberls ............... Pr<1tNII/e, Bruce Todd Russell .. , , ..... , , ,Birmingham, DC!nllls MIChllel S'lwyer ........ ,Birmingham, Ali ce Je.m Skinner ............ Mont80mery,
A/abnma
Alabama
Alabama Alabama Bryanl Gordon Speed. II ............ . Selmi, Alabama Douglas Stanley Taylor ......... MOn/8ornery, Alabama Marlha Ellzabelh Thomas ........ TU5CaIOOSi , Alabama Rhoda Ellen Tlshlt'!r ............ Birm ingham, Alabama Daniel Call Ware ................. Millry, Alabama Mary Ali ce Wells •••• , ••••• , •.•••. Pensacola, Florida
David Glenn White ................ W.1Sh tngton, DC John lamar White .. , , , . , , , , , , , , , , ,Mobile, A/llbama lay Dayton Wil liams, Jr . .......... , . PenSlI cola, FlOrida
Suzanne Obering Willoughby ... , Blrllling/lo1m, Alabama Floyd Allen Wisner ............ Birmingham, Alab<1fna
Spring 1988 Bar Exam Statistics of Interest Number SlUing for exam . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . ...... .
. •... 157
Number cellifi(!d to Supreme Court ............. , . ,
., .. ," . 83
Cerlificmlon rate ...... , ..................... , , .
. ....... 53'l.
Certifica1ion l)Crcen1ages: Unl~ers lly
of Alabama ..................... .
Cumberl llnd ...••. ,.,' ,.,.,', ... , ........ . ..... ,', ..... ,."
. . 65% •. ,.,.,', ............... 64%
Alabama nonaccredited law schools , ........•. .....•. , ... , .•. , .•........... ,.,., ....... 28%
274
sepfember 1988
Lawyers in the Family
Mi.;y;.:'!' and (arner)
TimOlhy A LewiS (1988), Calvin I (1951), I W. Lewis (l9Bl) and William PenderB.HI (1980) (adminee, f.llhcr.;n./.lw, wife /lnd brother-In-law)
,,&
., Arrlngloll Coldlhw<li!e (1988) and A llred Wllncr路
spoon Goldthwa ite (9 48) (ildm/uce /lnd farhcrl
'd'w~"d Brandon, Jr. (1988) Ilnd Mari/lnne
B.1I!aglia
8riJndOll (1986) (adm/uce and wife)
Sf'plem/x!r 1988
Letters De"r Si rs: I reJd In your "Memorials" of May 1988 where" member of the Alllbamil Bar Associat ion w,u Wa(luntl>d from the
University of Alabama Law School when he was 20 years old. ( thought II would be of irlwreSI 10 set'! who was the youngest graduate. My (ilther, 5.). Dryer, Birmingham, AI(lb<:lm(l,
was born November 27, 1895, and grad. ual¢<.! Mil)' 31, 1916. This would mJke
him 20 years, 6 months and 4 days old til graduation. Do any of your readers krlOW of "n'l)<lne who wa s younger Ihan lhls when they graduated from the University of Alabam;! Law Schoolf
Thanks, 8.J. Dryer, III 1140 So. 52nd St. Birmingham, Alabama July 22, 1988
To Ihe Edilor: In IhC! article "Status of the Causation Requiroment 1M MC!dlcal MalpractiCe," the authors extensively reviewed Ihe proxlm:ue cause issue with regllrd to medicol malpractice, iHld strongly implied that the "probllbility of survi VilI" test is the law of Alabllmil. 49 Alilbamil L1Wyer t46 (May 1988). The authors also ci te cases from other jurisdictions which hilY(! embraced the "probnbility of survival" t.est, whi ch mqulres plaintiffs to prove
that the physlclM'S nl'gl1gence probably caused the patient's death. In fact, Alabama does not adhere to the "probJbility of survival" test. This test was expressly repudia ted by the Alabama Sup r~me Cou rt in Murc;JQ(h v. Thomil$, 404 So. 2d 580 (Ala. 1981); AJIp<!lIarlts further contelld that Ohio's "prob~bIHty of survlvil'" tl~t I~, or should ~ IrltC'I)i(:t.xlIO bt>, iynOrlyrl,ous with lhls stale'~ rllilulw.menl that Ihew. may be' ~some
evidenc;e.. .th;.it suc;h negligenc;!!
probably caused the inju ry." P,lppa v. /Jonnet. 'Ml dis,18fCc- probabllhy of SUrvIV,ll and probabllrty of caJSC lire nOI the same. Id. at 562. Accordingly, by ~)(pressly rejcdin!:l the "probabiHty of survi',al" tcst, the AliIbama Supreme Court has at the very least Implicitly adopted tt-e "lost chance of survlv'}I" tCSt which requires only that the plilinti(( ShO'N Ih,ll the decedent could hilYC lived but fo r the negligence of the physit:;i'lIl. Truman M. Hobbs, Jr. Copeland, FriHlt:;o, S<;rews & Gill Montgomery, Alabama June 28, 1988
Dear Trum<ln: We do not beliC\lC tn.. t our recent article In Tile Alnbnmn owycr wongly Implies Ihn! Alabnma has adopted some sort of a "prob.. bility of surviva l" tes t on the 15slle of proximilte caU5i1 ti011111 mediCill malpractice cases. It is cleilrly staled
in our i1rticl~ thill the current test in Ala· bama Is whether the pill ntiff hns produce<! evidence (a scintilla or substallt1al evidence) that the allcged rlegllgence of the defendant "probably cau sed" Ihe In· hay or de~th complained of. While Cooper If. Si$ferS of e hMity o( Cincinnati, Inc., 27 Ohio S.T. 2d 242, 272 NE 2d 97 (1971) wa s diS(u ~:>et:l on tht: fourth pagc of the article, W(! did not suggest that the Alabamn SuPfl'rllC Court has aclOI)ted thill decision. Further, th e Cooper decision is not cHed or discussed in Murdoch v. Th01ll<15, 404 So,2d 580 (Alii. 1981), which lIdmilledly rejects son1.:! form of <l "prubllbility of SurvivlIl" lesl appmently based In Ohio law. We also do 1101 agrec .... Ith your con· clusioll that the Alabama SUplcme COurt has "implicitly adopted" the "lost challce of survival" test In Murdocfl. R.lther, Murdoch was decided in accordance wi th the trlldi tionallest of causation in medical C<lses in Alabama; rh ere wa s evidence that the nC!gligence of the physicliln probably caused the piltient's dt:llth. As stated In our artlcie, we do not bcllc-w that the Alabama Supreme Court has dl· rectl y ilddressed Ihe "lost cnance" of sur· vival or recovery Iheory rJ caUSaTion. Sincerely yours, A. Nt:!iI Hudgens Mich....! 1 S, MCCll)thrcn Thomas H . Nolan, Jr. BrO'Nn, I-ludgcl1s, Richardson, P.c. Mobile, Alabnma June 30, 1988
FORENSIC AUDIOLOGY MICHAEL F. SEIDEMANN, Ph.D.
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION
ALBERT MEDINA ~ .QG.,,,. (-d:. .,,,~•• v.s:i.,"'~ ,. ~~
" 0. t()I( 11m
_'OO" IIW. AL,oIlllt.U.
M'"
caos! UJ·Je211
EXPERT WITNESS • tMuarrllt Notl-O • Hetlflrlg lO3S Cuos • tnveat!glrtJonl. • Community Notae • A.tltl ftt\(lO ro OWn.tllfl pnllty •••• rtPOf1' pi'1I08ratton lor trial !9 y"" clltrlctl. ICtaemlc. medical. ft811rc n f~IJ'"~Ct , 2 PIIge CV aval18D1e PAST PRESIDENT· 5 arara. narlorlal. InrarnaUontl orOlfllutlQns 25 MbdOr. CI.
Kllnnllf, LA
27.
7006 ~
(504) 443-5870
September 1988
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coverage. A., d we have the IC<"I1ll to beat.
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Kirke-\Jn Orsdcl lnsurance Services, Inc. m Third Sln:... t I lA's M'lirll'~ , 1.1W.l 5(JJlN The Alabama Lawycr
279
Building Alabama's Courthouses by SOlmuel A. Rumore, Ir.
The following conllnu('S a history of Ala· bama's counly courthouses-their ori· gins and some of the pcoille who con· tribuled to their growth. The A/abamlt Ltw~r plans 10 run one county's story in e.lch issue 01 Ihe magaTi ne. If you have a ny photOgfilphs of c,Hly or present courthouses. please forw.ud them
to:
Samuel A. Rumore, Jr. M iglionico & Rumore
1007 Colonial Bank Building Birmingham, ;.Iabama 35203-4054
DcKa lb Count,·
DeK.llb County Is loe.llcd In northeastern AI"bam" 111 11ll' fo{)thlll~ of lhl'
ApP<llachian Mount~in~. It W.I~ (fe,lled by the LcgislalU re on 1.1I1uMy 9, 1836, from the Cherokee
I.Hld~
c(>(lC'd 10 the
Un ited Slales I" till' IIt',lty of New EchOla. DcKalb, M D r~hJII Jnd Chrrok{'(' coun!!es were cmvcd from the nt....... ly ,re· qulred Cherokee territory.
Many of the ~rst S('lt IN~ W\'rI' Irom South Carolina. lhW ~:M' thl.' county it~ nilm(J in honor of Maim Gl'l1l'I<l1 B,lrOr'l Johann Ol!K.llb. He W,l ~ .1 n,ltlw of Bavaria and a French army offiU;lr, .md h« accompanied CC'ler<l1 L.ll'l)ICue to Amer· lea In order to ,lid in thc fI!\ht for qur in· dependeoce. General Oel<.llb was killed at the 8,1111e of C2mdco, South Carolind, Augu~t 16, 1780.
280
Dc/{a/b County Courthouse
President Andrl.'w Jad!.On ~o u!\ht to Wictly enforce the trt!.lty with the Cher· okee~. Federal troops cventu,ll1y W'l!re ulilil(,(i to fO\lnd up all of Ih« Indians and send them to"'e~ rvd t lons in the weS1. Captll in lohn Payne was di5p..llched to the present county seat si te. He erected a stockade near a large spri ng, ilOd the w onghold was nanloo In honor of this cpmmander. The name Fort Payne survives to this day. The first county se;Jt of DeKJlb Coun· ty was at Rawlingsyi lle. near Crystal Lake.
.llmut two r iles northeast of Fort Payne. Sonll .lfi<'IWilfds, though, a ~ peCi all:'l l)(. !lon W.l~ held, and the county seat was m<M,.,<1to Boot'iyl ile In Silild Valley, about six miles northwest of FOlt Payne. Our· Ing the next fC'N years the county SC,lt was 5ucccssiYCly nlOYCd 10 camden, then to Leb.1non and then to Portersville. In ils first four years of existence. DeK.llb County had five county scats. FInally, the county seat was to be! relocated atleb."l!lon on the conditi()(l that u permanent courthouse a1d couOly jail
SeplCmber 1988
be er&tcd there. Thus, the first permanent COUllty COurthouse was constructed in 1842 on land donilt{,'(l by the Frilzier ,lnd Dobbs famlles. This courthouse WilS •1 two-story brick structure thill wrwd the COun ty until 1876. The building wa s purchased In 1960 by iI descendan t of the Frilziers, and it was convened into an attr,lctivc home. After the Civil War, th e presence of the rililroad brought Ill"'" df..'VClopmenl to DeK..1lb COUIllY. Most rcsidunt$ felt thjJ t the counly SC<11 should be 10C.lted on a railroad Hnc. S nee lebanon wa s not served by Ihe railro<1d, an election was held and !h~ chief rlVills \vcre Collinsville and fort P,lyne. Inlh o~c dilyS elt.'Ction mlurns werc not alw.lYS tallied <IS quickly ilS tod<ly. In fact, on the day follOWing the counly seal election, all ballots had not been counled. By 1<11e afternoon, Colllrlsvil le was in the le,1d by 25 voles. Only one box rem<lined to be counted. It was (rom a rur,ll i)rea on Sand Mount,lln. Quite intemstin gly, this box held 28 ballots. All of these votes were cast for Fort Payne. It was r'IOt reported thlll the election WilS contcsted. and so Fort Payne be<:ame the county seat by the slim margin of three votes.
The fif$\ of Fort P,lync's three Cou rlhouses was buil! in 1876 by DOClor A.B. Greell , who donated the building to the COUllty. Th e bricks fOr this slructure were m.. de on the slle. The walls of the building were erected arOund the kiln, thus silving consider.lble haulillg lima. This huilding WilS used until 1890. when a decision was made to bui Id a nlore elaboril te Structure. The old Courthouse buildinij was <1UCtiOI\ ("<1 0(( February 23, 1891 . II is interesting to nOle Ihatlhe highest bidder was D r. Green, who t>ought the Courthouse for $205. This W,lS Ihe same man who h<lel built the slrllcture IS years earlier.
all M ay 17, 1891, the Cl)rnl!rSlone for the secolld Fo!'t Paylle courthou ~e was laid during il ceremony In which Ihe Governor or Ala~ama, Thomas Goode Jones, took P<1ft. This courth ouse was grand~r than the first. It was basicilily n IV>'I)-Slory brick bUilding with a large cen· tral clock luwer lhilt Wiued (iVfJ stori es. This stru clure was built on the same si te
The Alabama LJwyer
as
Ihe former courthouse, and it domi-
11il!e<l the view on Fi rSt Street. Photo-
graphs of this building rcveallhe Romanesque Influence with rounded arches framing windows and doof$. The third Fort Payne courthouse was bui lt in 1950, tW(l blocks from Ihe sire of its predecessors. It was originally a fourStory cdlncf! built of white SlructUl<l1 concrete. Sherlock. Smith and Ad<irflS of Montgomery were the archlt&IS.
Exterior <lnu inwrior additions ilnd renovatiOns on this building took place between 1973 and 1975. A fifth 1100r was added, Jnd the large (Ourtroom was divided to form two courtrooms. The e~· ternal appe(lfilnCe of Ihe b~lildin8 W,lS dramatically enhanced by the addition of vertical window bands. The architects (or Ihls project WNC DIckinson and Davis. In 1977 further ll1odfficmlons Vv'CI'C made for a dlWict Judge ~nd courtroom.
Samuel A. Rumore, Jr. , Is a graduate of the University of NOire Dame and the University of Alabama School of Law. He served as founding chairman of the Alabama Slate Bar's Family Law Section and /s ;n practice in Birmingham with the firm of Mi811onico & Rumore.
REMINGTON Private Placemenu
leveraged Buyouts Term Debt Financing Project Analy,l. Acquisition Financing
Debt Rettruclure BU51ne55 Valuations
Lana E. Sellers G. Ruffner p,'ge, Jr.
The Remington Fund, Inc. Venture Colpitoll National Bank o( Commerce Bu ildlng l'ost O ffice Box 106861 8irmins ham, Alabama 35202ITdcphone (205)324.'7709
281
cle opportunities 16
friday
FAMilY LAW Civic Center, Birmin8hllm
8
thursday
CIVil PROCEDURE Civic Center, Montgomery Alabama Bar Institute (or elE (205) 348-6230
9
friday
WINNINC TRIAL TECHN IQUES Shera ton, Birmingham Cumberland Inslltutc for elE
COSt: $11 5 (205) 870-2865
CIVi l PROCEOU RE t-\;Hbert Center, Birmingham AI .. bama Bar Institute for ClE
(ZOS) 346-6230
13
tuesday
BASI C REAL ESTATE LAW l-IunlSvlUc NatiOnal Business Insti tute, tnc.
Credits; 6,0
COSt; $98
(715) 835·8525
14
wednesday
BASI C REAL ESTATE LAW Birmingham Njltloll1l1 Business Institul(>, Inc.
Credits: 6.0 (715) 835·8525
15
Cost: $98
thursday
FAMILY LAW Civic Cen ter, Montgomery Al(lbamll 8M Ins1itute for elE
(205) ) 46·6230
282
Alal).1ma Bar Institute for e lE (205) 346-6230
22
thursday
CONSTRUCTION LAW Romoda Inn, Birmingham Cumbcrltmd Institute for CLE Cost: $90 (205) 870-2865
REAL ESTATE Civic Center, Montgomery Alahilma Bar Institute (or ClE (205) 348-6230
23
28
wednesday
BASIC ISSUES IN EMPLOYMENT LAW Mobile NJtionJI Business InStitutC, Inc. Credi ts: 6.0 COSt; 598 inS) 8lS-&S2S
29
thursday
TRIAL SKILLS Von Braun Civic Cen ter, '·Iuntsvi lle Alabama 8m Institute for ( LE (20S) 348-6230
29
friday
PRODUCT LlABILlTV
friday
REAL ESTATE Civic Cenler, Birmingham AlabamJ Bar Institut e for CLE (205) 348-6230
26-28
R.lmada Inn, Birmlnllham Cumberland Institute for CLE Cost; $90 (205) 670-2665
TRIAl SKILLS Civic Center, Birmingham Alabama Bar Insti tute fOf ClE (20S) 348·6230
TULANE TAX INSTITUTE Hilton, New Orlcans Tulane L.1W School Credits: \8.0 (504) 865-5928
27
tuesday
BASIC ISSUES IN EMPLOYMENT LAW Montgomery National Business Institute, In(, Credits: 6.0 Cost: $98 (715) 835-8525
3-7 SOUTHERN FEDERAL TAX INSTITUTE Hyatt Regency, AlI.mta Southern f<>deral Tall Institute, Inc. Cos!: 5400 (404) 52 4·5252 C~i ,s: 29,2
ANTITRUST LAW \M.:slin Hotel , Dallns Sou thwe stern lcgal Found'l tion, Inc, (2 14) 690-2377
September 1988
4
tuesday
COLLECTIONS R.lmada Inn, Mobile Alabam.l Bar Institute for elf
(20S) 348·6230
BASIC ISS UES IN EMPLOYMENT LAW Slrmlngh<l!l1 National Busj ne~5 Institute, Inc.
Credits: 6.0 (715) 635·8525
5
Cost: $98
4-5 TOXIC TO RTS II
14-15
Nassau Inn, Princeton, New Jem.'Y Assocl .. tlon of Trial Lawyers of Ame riCiI CoSI: $275 (800) 424-2n5
EVIDENCE
wednesday
BASIC ISSUES IN EMPLOYMENT LAW " Iuntsvillc
Harbert Cenler, Birm nRham Alab .. ma Bar Institute for ClE (205) ]48·6230
21
friday
10-12 PRO DUCTS LIABILITY
(715) 835·8525
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Westin PJrk, Washington, DC Association of Trial Lawyers of America Cost: $275 (600) 424·2725
9-14
I larbert Center, Birmingham Cumberland Institute (or Cl E Cost: $90 (205) 870·2865
11
National Bu~ine55 Institute, Inc.
Credits: 6.0
COSI: $98
BASIC CO LLEGE- TRI AL ADVOCACY The Rcgl~lry, Minne.lpotis Assocl,111M of Trial Lawyers of AmcriCii Cost: $550 (800) 424·2725
13
TAX FO R THE NON·TAX PRACTITION ER R.lmada Inn, Birmingham Cumberland Institute for ClE Cosl: 590
(205) 670-2665
thursday
COLLECTIONS Civic Center, Birmingham At.,bilma Bar Institute fOf eLf (205) 348-6230
13-14 ESTATE PLANN ING INSTITUTE Esscx House, Ncw York Practising law Instltule Credits: 9.8 COSI: $390 (212) 765-5700
14
friday
friday
FEDERAL TAX CLINIC
3
thursday
SCHOOL LAW Harbert Cenler, BirminKharn Alabama Bar Insti tu te for ClE (205) 348.(2)0
4
friday
CRI MINA L LAW Civic Center, Birming'lll1n Alnbarna Bar Institute (or ClE (205) )48·6230
INSURA NCE LAW
ESTATE PLANN ING
Sher,lIon, Dothan
Ramad .. Inn, Birmingham Cumberland Institute for ClE CO~I : $90 (205) 870-2865
Cumberland Institute for Clf
Cost: 590 (205) 871).2865
The Alabama lawyer
Bryan t Conference Center, Tuscaloosa University of Alalrum" Crc<lits: 12,0 (205) )48·6222
17
thursday
ADMIRALTY LAW Admiral Semmes. M obile Cumberland Irlstll ule for ClE Cosl: $90
(205) 870-2665 PERSONAL INJURY Von Braun CIvic Cell ler, H unl wllll! A!,lb,lma Bar Institute for Cl E (205) 348·6230
283
Underinsured Motorist Coverage Where Did it Come From? Where is it Going? by Roo.lld C. Oilvcnporl
284
Sep!l~mber
1988
Uninsured molorist coverage has long proven to be a fertile field for litigation. Such issues as "stacking" hiM.' been raised in the judicial arena. UnforlunateIy. unarmvered questions in this tlrea still remain and are likely to inyolvc Judlc! .. 1 scrutiny In lIicv.· of the (ldven t of under/no sured motorist coverage.
surcd motorist coverage, cffccHIIC January I, 1985. There is no mention of the word " underinsured" in § 6 of act no. 84-)01 of the Ol etS (If the 1984 Lfl:Si SIMuri'!. Thi'! legislature created this nl.'W CO'lerage simply by IUTlendlng the definition of " uninsured mOlor vehicle" to Include motor vehides with respect to whi ch:
Uninsured motorist CO\Ierage Is a Slalutory crealure of rela li\.1!ly recen t o rl~ln In Alabama, having been en;JCled in 1965 and becomin g cffecl ivt;l in 1966. Acts 1965, No. 866. Higgins II, Nalionwlde Mul. Ins. Co., 50 Alit ApI'. 69 1, 282 So.2d 295, 299 (1973). The purpose of Ihe SIJ!ulr: <IS originally enacted wa s 10:
"(4) the 5um of the limits of liability under all bodily injury liability bonds and insurance policies available to an Injured persOn Olf~er (In (lccident is less thor, th e damages which the Injured perron Is legally en titled to recover." § 32·7-23(b)(4), Code of AlabamlJ, 1975.
" provide finiJncial recompensc \0 In· nocent person s wh o are injured iJlld 10 dependents of Ihose wh o are killed because of th e w rongf\rl conduct of uninsured molori sIS:'
Cilif Americ'l n Fire & Cas. CO, II. Cowan, 283 A lii. 460, 216 So.2e1 688, 69 1 (1 969). The statute, both as originall y eni'lCIOO and re<:ently ill11ended, provides Ih<1l no aUlomobile liability policy shall be issued without uninsured motorist coverage unle ~s the in S ~lIed rejects such coveragc in wrillng. § 32·7-23, Code of A I" bama, 1975. In 1984, the Alabam a Legi slature amendl'tl the MOtOr Veh icle Safety Responsihili ty Act arld c reated und erin-
As the Alabama Supreme Court slaled In footnote in the recent case of Lowe II. Nal /onwidc Ins. Co., 521 So.2d 1309 (Ala. 1988), "as statutorily defined, 'unln· sured motori st' i nc lude~ 'undcrlnsurcd' mo to ri st:' Prior to the amendmi'!nt of the (lct in 1984, atlem ll lS were made !O h<Wf! the Al abama SU]>reme Court rule as a mat· ter of law thJI a tortfcaror who wa s nOI insured for the amounl of a plaintiff's aeILr(l1 inj~rrii'!s was unins~rred . Wilbourn v. AI/slille In$. Co., 293 AI(l. 466. 305 So.2d 1n (1974). In dl'(linin8 to extend Ihe definition of '\rn insured" Ihe court said:
"\Ale Cilnnol 5ay that Ihe 10rtfearor was 'unlnsured:"'he wa s simply 'underln · sured' in rela tion to Wilbourn's damOlgt:S." 305 5o.2d at 374. A similar i1rg~rm ent was made in 1986 con ce rning a 1983 acc!· der", bUI il was ,1150 rejected . Jowers II.
Slale Farm Mu/. Ins. Co., 485 So.2e1 1190 (Ala, 1986). P,lssilge of t1e act thu s represented leglslalive remedy of inequities perccived In the exi sting legislation. Becau se of Ihe very 11r'111ted nature of Ihe statuto ry enactment of underlnsured mOlorist cover(lge, the courts, insurance companies and Iilwyers have been left with many unresol\lt>d questions.
Underinsured carrier as defendant One of Ihe most fr'(!(Ju cntlssucs wh ich initially arose a(ler the 1984 amendment W<l5 whethe r an insured wa s rC(lulred 10 sue an alleged negligen t motori st ond obtllin a judgment prior to maintaining an action ..sainst thi'! underinsured motorist ca rrier. Because the st:llute itself was tl)tally void of guidallce, Ihe trial court5 were In conmct, arld In So me ea$eS judges wilhin circui ts differed In Iheir Interpretation. Plnlntirls ilrgUed that the fJct that the legi slature chose to provide thi s cOverage Ihrough amendment Ihe un· Insured motorist stiltute indiC<1\ed ~rl intenti o n that prior uni nsu red ca se law govern . Plaintiffs polntrxi to the ca se of Stoll<.' Farm Ins. CO, II. Griffin, 51 Al a.App. 426, 286 So.2d 302 (1971). In which it had been held thai il was not rlCCeSSary fo r an insured to obtain a judgment again st the unin s ~rred mQlori 5t in order to make a cl aim . Defend<lnts argued tha t there could be no liabili ty again st the un· derlnsured carrier until lIl1'lre W(l Sa j~rdg· ment In excess of the lo talliabirity coverage. Dc(endarltS further argued Ihllt there W,lS no need 10 hJ\'e tht'! urlderin· $ured Cilrrier as a defelldaru since It
or
Ronald C. D~\IOnporl ;5 <l member of Ihe firm of Rush/on, Slakely, Johnston & Carrell In Montsomery. He received his undergfiJdua/e degree from Huntingdon Collf!ge <Jnd 1,11'1 degfCC from the Unlver.slty of Alabama School of Law.
The Alabama lawyer
285
would only prejudice the dc(cnd,lnlllnd the underinsured carrier.
Finally, on February 26, 1988, IhC! I'Ilabamil Supreme Court addressed this issue in Lowe v. Nallornvlc/e Ins. Co., 521 5o,2d 1309 'Ala. 1988). The coort SJld it had three primary concerns: " I) Ihilt of prolectlng thc right of the insurer to know of, and participate in,
the sui!; 2) thm of protecting the right o(the insured to litig<lte all aspecu of
his claim in a single suit....md J) thaI of protccUng Ihc liability phase of the trial (rom the introduction ol extraneous ilnd corruptinglnOucnces, n;lnlCo Iy, evidence of Insur;mce ... 521 5o.2d at 1309. ,N
After considering the above listed comlX!tin8 In1erest~ the court concluded: 1) ';.\ pl"ln!if' Is "lIowed cMcr to Join
as 11 party defendant his own lIilbllity insurer In a suI! i18i1inst the undcrin· surcd motor/SI or merely to give it notice of the mlng of the action ag..1inst the motorist and of tho possibility of 11 ctlllm under the underlnsurcd motorist CoYCr.lge ill the conclusion (If the trlal.~ 2) "If the Insured i$ named as 1I l>arty, II would h~ the ri ght, within il reasonable lime af!Cr service of process, 10 elect either to p;lrtlcip.lte in the Iriill (in which case ils Identity and the reason for its being inl.1)lved are proper information (Of the jury), or nOlto parIlcip;'lIe in the triill (In which case no mention of il or 115 potential involver'!lcnt is I)('rmilll.od by the trilll courll:' II fotloYiS from the commenls of the court Ihat whetherthe Insurer ell'tled (I) or (2) above, It would be bound by the filcl(inder's deciSions on liability .md damages. In addition to these two considCrJtions, the COlli1 also set fOrth a third alterr\ali~ course of action for the under· Insur/Xl carrier. 3) "If the Insumr Is not Joined but merely is glvcn nOlice of the filing of the action, It can decide eilher to In· tCfVI:!ne or to Slay out of the caso. The results of either choice l>arallel those !>(!t abow-whcre the Insurer Is Joined as a parly defCll(/ant:' 521 Sc.2d al 1309. Under /..ov.Ie, the question thill the un· derinsured carril'l' Immediately faces upon a lawsuit being filed is I) whClher to intervene if it is not a named defend· ant, or 2) whelherto mO'lC nOlto p;lrlk.
"6
II><'IC I" the: trial If it is jolrled as a dt.1cnd· ant. The main considerations of the un· derinsured carrier should be: I) lIS con· fldence In the defense counsel of the Ii,,· bility carrier, 2Jlhe li'Tlits of the U"bility carrier and 3) whmi1er the liability carrier Is likely to tender its limits. If Ihe uoderlnsured carrier has confl· dence In the liabilil'( c.mier's defense counsel, ordinarily it would seem Ihat the best course of aClion fOf the underinsured carrier would be rnx 10 particip.lte in the ttl .. 1 but melt'! y monilor il. This would ",can the unrierlnsurcd carrlC'r's in\l()lvcmenl would I'IOt be made known to the jury and the underlnsured carrier would 3VOid the type of prejudice which s\Jch knowledge might create. HO\-"o'eVCr, it should be remembered thm by electing oOt lo p(lrtici[><lte in the linbi lllY trial, the underlnsufl-'d carrier would be bound by the judgment and Ilr'gunbly would give up any standing to appeal. The court in /.owe suggcsts that a deter· min<ll ion of whether the election to In· tervene or not to panlcipate in the trial is timely made is left 10 the discretion of the trial COurl. One (ould envision cir· cumSlanCM where such iI choke would be difficult tlnd where the underinsured carrier nllght need to conduct some discovery before making such a choice. In such a case a motion requC5ting an opportunity to conduct some discovery before making an elOOion might be in order.
15 jury allowed to knOW underinsu rcd carrier'5 Iimil5'f In the recent case 0( Harvey v. Mlle/lell, 22 ASR 1551, (May 6, 1966), the plain. tiff broughl a wrongful demh action ag;'linst the defend,lnt driver and against the plaintiff's underinSl,lrel;l nlQloriSI car. rler. The liability carrier had $20,000 cO\!erJgc ancltho undcrinsurL'd carrier hOld $220,000 coverage. Beforc Iholrial bcg.ln the court granted a motion in IIm/flc dlre<:ting that the limits of liability of the underinsured carrier not be disclosed to Ihl) jury. The plaintiffs appealed and argued Ihat they should be allowed to disclose the limits to t'le jury ,i nce they hJd filed a COunt all~i ng a breach of contract actioo against the underinsured carrier. The Alabama Supreme Court, In upholding the trial court, noted that the determination of liltbilily In a wrongful d~lIth case should be b"sed on the de-
8roo o( the defendant's wrong and nm the amount of inSUrilnce COVC!r~ge. The court wenl on 10 say that the arrount of uninsured motorist coverJge available was not relevant to rillY issue before the court and the l>05sible prejudice resulting from its admission Into evidence was greal. While the court has not been presenlOO with the same question in the con text of compensalory damagC!i, It would logically follow th at the ruling would be the same because there still would be no rei· CV,lflce and the possibility of prejudice would remain great. Permission to settle and subrogation Tho single most Imporlant unresolved Issue conct!rning underlnSl.Ired motorist coverage Is th;'ll of subrogmion. Closcly aligned with the subrogation iss lie is the question of when and undw what circumSlances an underinsurcd carrier c,ln rcfust! permission to the plaintiff to set· tIc with the lillbllity carrIer. The question of subrog.1lion might Mise, in the con tl'Xl of underinsured coverage, in a factual SClIting slmll<lf 10 the following! B drives his automobile in a negligent manner causing a collision with J Yehide drivcn by A. A is injured and in. curs $15,000 In mediClI bills and another $5.000 In lost lVages. B has liability CoYCrage in the amOUnl of $50.000. A has underinsLred coycrage on two vchich..>s totaling $50.000. S's insUl3nc;e carrier lenders ils IiJbillly limits 0( $SO. ooo. A cannot reach a 5Clllement agt('CmCf1t wid-! his own in· sUrilllCe compa!,." but wo.Jld like co go ahead and settle with 6's liability car· rier ,md accept Its $50,OCO sell/ernent offor. 110Wl"-A!r, white B's carrier Is willIng to P.1y its $50,000 limits, it has a dUlY to defend B and try to get B re· IC.:l5ed. Thercfore, B rcf(lses to settle with A unless A rcleases B. A is "fraid to relca se S (or fear thai he will be b",red from pursuing his underinsur<.od motorlSI claim. A rC<luests permission from his own carrier to $(lule with B. !(s carrier refuses 10 consent 10 such a settlement because lis carrier says that if it allows A to release B, It will 00 deprived o( its ol>lx)flunity to sue B and recover any money which It mighl pay A under the underinsurud motorist ~r
....
5cplI~mtxJr
1988
Many undednsured policies conlilln clauses which prohibit the insured from slll1ling with the torlfcasor wilhout the c~prllSS permis~lon of Ihl"! undllrlnsured carrier. The logic behind such a prohibl. tlon Is thai Ihe release of the torlfeasor would prejudice any subrogaTion claim of the underinsurcd c.urier. The only Ala· bllma case 10 address this issue 10 date is UniCed Scrl'iccs Aulo. Assn. v. Allen, 519 So.2d 506 (Ala. 1988). In Ihat casc, Allen wai a passenger in a mOlor vehi· cle drJ~n bv Morris and was killed when Morris' vehicle ran off Ihe road while tr,1vclling al a high rate of speed MId hit an embankment. Morris also w,lS killed. Morris had Insurance with Rockwood In· surance Company with limits of $20,000. Rockwood offered Its limits to Allen's ad· mlnlStrator. The plaintiff's alloflu.oy wrote USA" asking for USAA's permission to ilccept Rock'M>Od's offer and asking if USA" had any s~ial wording which II desired in the release. USAA never respon(!ed 10 this re<tuesl. FIve monlhs lilter the plalnllff fillod suil seeking an injunction reslraln irl!! USAA from withholding its ConSCl11 for Ihc plaintiff 10 rCoCcivc Ihe $20,000 from Rockwood. The trial coun granted the Injunction. The Alabama Sl,lpreme Court affirmed saying: "There is nOlhlrlgln the record before us 10 show thaI USAA had a reason· able basis for wllhholding such con· senl .... V\\l refuse to hold Ihal Ihe Irlal COurl abused its legal or judicial discretion Hrill1tlng thc injunction and 'NIl affirm ." 519 So.2d al 508. The Alabam.l Supreme Coun did not give ;lny guidance fordctermining when an underinSUfcd carrier cOl,lld Nreason. ably~ withhold it; consent. 50nw \oI'Oul(! argue thm thl! ul1dcrlnsured carder has a dUlY10 determine the assets of Ihe tOri· feasor and make a determination as to whelher there Is a reasonable chance for the underinsured comier to collect ;lIlY judgment it mlghl oblain ag<linst the tort· fea sor. This could be determined by running a rl!tilll (,;rt'(!il check on the tOrlfeasor and taking the tor;feasor's deposItion and (Iuestloning him concerning his assets. Suppose Ihe underinsurcd c.. rrler's in· vestigation reve~ l s Ihat theft,! l)fe no oISset ~. Does Ihlll nl(!an thallhc underln· surt."<I carrier Is Bullty of bad (,11th if It rclust.'S the plaint ff permIssion 10 settle Tile Alabama Lawyer
with the liability c.. trierl Such a conclusion \oYOuld seem harsh. Insurance com· panies hllYe had a long practice of obtaining judgmenls against lortfeasors who presently have no apl)feciable assets. Because an Individual has no assets today does not mean that he will have no assets five year5 from now. Every ;1\. torney who has done any subrogation work for an insurance company has had the eJoIperlence of having an old recorded judgment paid by someone who wanted 10 purchase a house or otherwise restore his credit rating. The question of the (!Klent 10 which iI right of Subrogation exists in the undcrln· sured SCttlng and the circumstances under which a,l underinsurcd carrier may lawfully refuse rts insured permission to settle wilh the liability carrier are
queslions of parilmount Importance which are begging fOr resolution, The Alabamil ilppcllllle courts have yet 10 ad· dress the question of Ihe extent 10 which a right of subrogation eKISIS and under what circumstances an unclerlnsored car· rier may Ill'NfuUy refuse permlssioll 10 sett le, Had f"i lh The question of bad faith htls I'IOt been addressed In thl"! unckrinSl,lred selling. That issue was collaterally raised In Allen, 5upra, bullhe court said that II was hesitilnt 10 address Ihat iS$ue on "the meager facts before us.~ S19 50.2c1 at 508. The (tuestion of bad faUh has been raised In the uninsured setting, In Quick v. SliJte FJfl'll Mut. Auto, Ins, Co., 429 So.2d 1033 (Ala. 1983), the Quicks noti-
StrategiesfurBorrowingInTheLate 198Os.
/\ \\hy 'li> Bl'SurpThl' W wk \tJU 1)0 Isn't DOlle Oil thl' Iioust',
Your dicm deserves the best possible dcfCI1S1,:, And 115 an aHOTney, you should be spending yoUI' ener· gies on legul mnttcrs, nOt fi nunclfll matterS. I~ow your diem raises money to poly )'OU is tl problem Creslnr Mort· grlge Corpormion mtly be able 10 help resolve quickly and
easily. If }()ur cliem owns real CStmc and nr:eds 10 r.listcnsh quickly, 2n C(luity loan m:ly be a solution. \~ offer a range of equity 10.11\5 Ihm will cO\'Cr most situations. And unlike many other lending institutions, we make loans on a variclY of fCtll e51tltc properties-not JUSt owner-occupied homes. And becuusc yellLT client may need Itelp at almost any time of dayor night ....\!'rc It:JPPy to hell) secure funds even if it means working ....\.'ekcnds and after houl'S.\\I! om also nrmngc a frccseminar for)OO and others in your practice, so ~tl11 fully unden.ll1ncl how ....'C can help. The Equity Finance Division of Crestnr Mortgage CorporJtion gives YOlL the resources of a mi~or equity lender with 23 offices tlcross the Southeast, but with the nexibility mallYmajor lenders simplycan't provide. Soc!lll us whenever the need arises. You1l find Ihat il pays.
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(jed State Farm oIlhelr uninsured motOl'"1st claim. Stale Farm acknowledged thai the Quicks were entitled 10 some payment and $<lid tn(lt the only matter 10 be resoIVt.!d WilS Ine amount. The Quicks SULod Siale Farm, alleging thai Siale Filrnl was guilty of bad {alTh bv refusing to setlie. The .... Iabama Supreme Court recognized lhat ~There Isan innerent difference In uninsured motoriSl coycr(lgc and (jrst party insurance:' 429 So.2d at 1035. The court, clling Stale ~..um Mutual Auto. 1m. Co. v. Griffin, 51 Ala.App. 426, 286 So.2d 302 (1976), pointed OUI Ihat: "[i]n a direct ;Jction bv Ihe insured against lhe Insurer, the insurt'd has the
burden of proving In this regard thai the olher motorist was uninsured, legally liable for dam~ge to the insured, and the amount of thi s liability:'
429 So.2d at 1025. The court wen t on to hold That " there c~n be no breach of an unlnsuJl..od motorist contract and therefore no bad faith, until lhc insured prolIeS thaI he Is legally fmlitled to recover." Id at 1035. The coun rC(lmrmcd Quick in the very recen t case of Aetna Casually lind Surely; Inc. v. Be88~, 22 IillR 1112 (April 12, 1988). In Belil8s, the plaintiff's husband was killed In 31'1 accldenl wiTh an unin-
! j
I
TAKING YOUR PROPERTY WILL TAKE AN ARMY You've worked hard to purchase your property-and no one is going to take it away from you. Mississippi Valley Tille fnsul11nce guar.mtces protection against any challenge to your ownership of property. ~ When it comes to property disputes, we're your best defense! Mlsllsslppl Valley TitI. SI(I/' O//i«/J24 Norlh 2/s1 SI.JBintlinghmll. AI. J.SaXJ 'mJ fiu -1I8QQ/843·1688J7'tI'/aJ.-l/326·(}919/A MinnlJb/a Tt'tf, Compo1\Y
266
sured motorist. At thc time of the accident, Ihe plaintiff had an automobile polley with Aetna which ccwered two vehlclcs, one being the vehicle in which the plaintiff's husb(lnd was riding ill the Time of the "ccident. There was a total of $20,000 In uninsui1!d motorist CO\It!rafije. Approximately tv.() monlhs .. fter the accident Aetna offered 510,000 as 101011 payment for the uninsured motorlSI claim. The plaintiff demanded $20.000 ilnd Actna responded with an offer of $15,000. Approximately seven months after the acciden! tne plaintiff sued Aetna for bad fallh. Two monlhs after $uit was filed Aetna decided to pay Its IImlls of $20.000. The trial resulted In a jury verdict against Aetna for bad faith In the amount of 5100,000. The Alabama Supreme COurt reYI'<!~ the case on appeal, ciTing Quick. The court noted that in the I)resent CMe there was no offer of I)roof bv the plaintiff of the amOun! of Aetna's liability under the uninsured motorist prtWlsion until Ihe trial of the casc. Justice Houston, in writing (or the coun, IlOted as follows: "[I] t Is doubtful that an Insurt.'(I could ever prove the amount of an insuror's liabiliTY under an uninsured motorist case with the specificily necessary to recO'o'er against an Insurer for bad faith In failing to negotiate or pay a wrongful death claim urlder uninsured motori st C(M!ragc." 22 ABR at 1116. The court seemed to reave open the question of whether there could ever be bad faith for failure to pay an uninsured claim not based on the wrongful death statute. Presumably the coun wlU apply Ihe $.1me criteria to bad faith allegations In the undcrlnsured setting as It has applied hI the uninsured setting.
Conclusion Although underinsurcd motorist CCYCrage Is beginning to Take shape, there remain many issues concernin g its appllC(llion. Insur,lnce companies, 1)lalnt.ffs' attorneys ~nd defense attorneys w!ll continue to agonb:~ arId JoUSt O\ICr these isSUl.'SfOr the n(')(1 couple of ~'ears unt.1 the Alabama Supreme Court can resolve the questions Irwolvlng subrogation, settlement and triar of this new area of insurance coverage. •
Sepwmbcr 1988
Young Lawyers' Section I the Alabamil Stilte Bar annual m(!eling In Birmingnam, Ala.
A
bama. July 21-23, the YOl"log
L..1WYCr$' SecUon convcnL'd ils annual business meeting. The following yOung lawyers were elected for the coming yCill~ Pre~jdenl-eI «I : lamef H. And .. r· MIn, Mon'Komer.,.
w. Percy 8adham, III, Birmingham Trusurer: Keith B. Norman, Montgomery Secrtl .. ry:
Charles R. Mixon, Jr., of Mobile assumes the position of immediate !XISI !)resident and serves In Ihal capacity
as an officer of the YlS. The YL5 once again sponsored Ihe
annual seminar, "Update '68, RC(@nl Developments in the law," Everyone In allendancc K'emed 10 enjoy the
various topics presented, which is a credillO Ihe outstanding spcilkers we ff.'cruiled. My complimen tS go to
SIC"'C Rowe, Yl S CLE cha irman, ilnd Keith Norman of the state bar for putting together this presen!.ltlon. Another notc o f aPl)reci atlon goes to Steve Shaw and the o ther members of the Birmingham Young Lawyers' St,'Ctlon for their part In .manging and hosting the party al the Birmingham Botanical Gardens. II provick'Cl every· one with an enjoyable evening .. wily fronl Ihe serious business of commit· tee meetings and seminars. Everyone in our section, as well as In the senior bar, has a great chal· lengc in making the annual bilf meet· Ing in Huntsville nC)(1 year as big il success. hI COnnection with a long·standing tr... dllion of Alabama State Bar presidents, Cary H uckaby has been most
Tfw Alabama Lawyer
gracious in allowing young lawyers to serve on his imporunt state bar comminces and having inpu t In the futute of our bar. We arc Indebted to Gary (or allowing us these sel cctions ,lnd giving young lawyers across the 51<lIe the OPl>Oftun l ty to become involved. I have great confidence thm those appointed will take their selection to heart and serve their comml nces well and with great accomplishment. The following appointments were made for the com ing bar year: Laura Crum, Commlnee on Access to Leg.11 rvices; Joanna Ellis, Task Force on Alabama Rules of Evidence; James H. Anderson, Task Force on AI· ternatlve Methods of Dispute Resolu tion; Sid jackson, Ta sk Force to Consider Possible Restructu rlnl! of Alill).lma's Am>ellil!e Courts; RL-oc'Cca Bryan, Task Forceorl Ber)Ch and Oar Relation s; Amy Slayden, Task Force on CiUzenship Educa tion; Marda Sydnor, Commillce on Cantin· uil y, Programs and Priorit ies; John Plunk, Commi ttee o n Correc· tlonal Institutions and Procedures; Edward Parker, II, flhics Education Committee: Mark Montiel. Task Force on Facl1llies (Or the Alabama SlllIe Bar; '>aul Brantley, Futureof the Profession Commltleearld Insurance Programs Commlttcc; Trip Walton, III, Ta sk Force on illiter-
acy; Taylor Flowers, Indigent Oefense Committee;
N. C unter G uy
YlS Presi d ent W. Terry Trilvis, Ta sk Force on the Proposed Judicia l Building; Debra Loard, Law Day Committcc; W. Percy Badham, III, Committee on Lawyer Advertising and Sollcit;!tion; Charlie AnderSOrl, Committl..'e on Lawyer Public Relations, Information and Media Relations; Frank B. Potts, Task Force on legal Education; j. Terrell McElh(lney, Com mittee on Local Bar Activities (lnd Services; Jud Bryan, Mlillary Law Committee; LaBella S. Alvis, Permanent Code Commission; Steve Shaw, Task Force on Post-Con· vlction Capital Representdt ion; Richard C. Dcan, Jr., Pre-paid legal Services Committee: RI ck Kuykendall, Ill, Professional Economics Committee: Tom Heflin, Jr., Task Force on Professionalism; Pat Harris, Commi ttee on Substance Abuse; Greg MCkay, Task Force on Subst,lnce Abuse In Society; "nd j(lmes T. Sasser, Unauthori1.OO PrJ c, tice of the 1...1\'1 Commhll..'e. I am sure all of these well-quaHfled young lawyers will be happy to assisl you if you have any questions concerning these various committees . •
289
Trucking Regulation and Exempt by Stank,
w. Foy
In nlany Instances, trucking comp.-anles
oper<llions also are addressed. The lIiews
area requires a consideration of the de-
and their Intr,lstJIC actiyities in Alabama
and opinions expressed herein are those on ly of the writer, Clnd do not necesS<lri-
cisions of Ihe (edNal courts and Ihe In-
arc regu lated by the Alabamil Public Service Commis~iO rl . This artlde discusses the circumstances unde r which they are regula ted. Trucking companies operating dump ~hicles are highlighted, but Diner
290
Iy accurately rc(lecllhc omelal position
of Ihe Alabama Public Service Commission. A discussion of A abama law In this
Icr~t.'l I C Commerce Comm l ~slon. Thl') Alabama Motor Carrier Act of 1939, TI路
lie 37, Chapter 3, Code of .MIJbiJma, 1975, Is modeled illter the Fedc路,,1 MOtur Carrier Act o( 1935. Therefore, the federal
September 1988
ions from Regulation in Alabama decisions are considered highly pcrsuashe 11\ ",lab.1ma i" the absence of a dccl· by II Slate courl. Avery FreiBht Lines Alabama Ptlbl/r:: Service Commission, 267 Ala. 646, 104 So.2d 705, 709 (19581; A/"bt!mll Public Service Commission v. 510 11 1'.
'+D.I(. Mowr lines, Inc., 287 Ala. 182,
249 So.2d 838, 842 (1970). Frocral statutory ilnd lIdminiSlralive changes startIng In the laIC 1970$, however, remO'o'Cd
much of !he similarity.
Regulated activity Common and controle! carriers by molor vehicle are regulated by the Commission. Such carriers arc persons who
Ir.lnsport prOperty' by molor vehicle for compensation, whether directly or by lease or IIny other ;mil"gemcnt. Section
37·)·2 (61lind (7), Code. Direct campen5atlon Is received, for cX<l mplc. when somcone transports cru shed Stone from Gunrclwilie to Cullman and Is p.1id for prlWiding thilttransportatlon. Regul;ued transportation also results when a perSon tcast.'S a ~hicle with a driver 10 a construction COml)Myz and Is paid by the ton for the materials hauled from Gun· tersville to OnCOr'itil. Motor CMrier Rule 2(0; Unlloo SfJIC! v. Drum, 368 U.s. 370 (962). Regulated tramporlMi on also results when a person buvs materials at Cuntef7 ville, hauls the materials to Huntsville and sells theIr!, ond Ihe re.,1 service provided Is transponatl on. MOtor Carrier Rule 2(B}; Red Bal) MOlor Fff!IS/u v. Shannon, 377 U.s. 311 (1964). Such a "buysell" operation is dislingulshed frOM exempt 01)(!fi\lions under 37·2-4(3)\I)C, Code, by Ihe use of the "primary business" tCSt In INollishek- Common C.,rrlcr Appllcatioll, 42 M.C.C. 193 (1943). Under Section 37·3·4(a}(1)c, Code, the commission does not have Jurisdiction over:
1"/1(' Alabama Lawyer
"Motor vehicles while used In Ihe ItilnWorlatlOo of IA'Operly when Ihe owner 0( the I'(:hlclft Is Il'8oll1y and reg· UliUly eng.1grxlln the buSiness of scllil111 such propeny and Is Ihe owoer and has le8olll;11e 10 the motor vehicle In. volved ... ," This exemplion cewers someone who owns a gr.wcl pit and delivers the malerials he PrOOuces and C(M)rs Ihe delivery even If a fee or charge is assessed for delivery or trJn sportJ!i(Jn. It also <:ovcrS lhe owner of Ihe gr(lvel pit when his plant Is oemn and he fulfills his contraCISby pur· chasing gravel frofT' a compelitor. It would not ca.-er the OYIner of a graYCl pit who. in a slack period, hauled for com· pens.lIion for ,1 competitor. This h'lUling for a coml>etilor Is within the titerJI language of the exemption, but docs nol qualify urlder Ihe primary business lest. This test is: IhallOO prrM,~ry the supplyIng oItranSI)()rtalion for CO(r1I)!!n\O)tioo, then the c"rrier') SI~IUS Is established thoogh lhe operator may be Ihe UW"1lCl", ill Ihe riml', of rhe Soeds t!JOSI)()ned and may l.HJ tr.JnspmlJnlllhem fOr the Ilurpose (Jf sale . , , , 1(, orl rhc olher h~nd , the prim,1ry business of an 0 1)e"lIO' Is found 10 be manufacturlnll or some 0I1le, f"IOn.C.mler COIll!TlCf(lal Mrt'fprise, then It mUll be determined whether the molor ope'.ltioos are In bon •• fide further,1!lee of the primilry business or whclher tht.'Y Me ConductI!(I as II relm(.'(i or !oCC()rldmy enlerprlse with the purpose Of [nofitlnll from the ttilnsPOrt~tion perlomlrxl. In oor opin· 100, they cannot be both .~ Roo fklll MOIor FrriShr \" Sh.lnooo, J71 U.s. III " If the
f,l(;t~ esf~blrsh
bu~inC1S
01 an
oper~10r i~
exempt delivery IJt a producer fron"! tran sportati on for indirect compensa tion by a carri er. Exempt ions Once transportation of properly by mOfor vehicle for compensation Is eslabIIshed. the exemptions in Section 37·)-4 must be coosidC«.>d. Operiltiorls ~~ by the exemptions are nOI under the jurIsdicti on of the Comn"!is~on. except to Ihe extent enumeraled In specific provisions. The I!Kemptlon In Section 37.3. 4(a)(1/C, Code, for delivcry by producers and merchants is discussed abaYe, An exemption is also provided in Sec· tion 37·3-4(a)(1)b fo'; "MOIO! YChides for hire while operil' rlns wholly wirhin the limits 01 a ci ty or Incorpm"lcd lown or within the pollco jurisdiCllofl thcrt.'Of, or bmv.et!n two or mort! Incorpowed towns orch115 whose city limits Join or are cooli· lIuOOS or whose pOlice Jurisdictions )oln Or all! cootlsuous,N Police jurisdiction s extend for three miles from d ties having 6,000 or more inhJl)ltants and for a mile and a h"lffrom dlies 11Ilv hlg less thiln 6,000 Irlhabiumts. Sl.'(tion 11·40-10, Code. The regional 1)lannlng commissions hil'1C maps with the police Jurisdictions shown, and the edgt! of pollee jurisdiClions usually are marked by signs, This exemption ca.-ers delivery to a destination municipality only if the 1)OIIce Jurisdiction of Ihe deSlinilrion municipality tou ches the police Jurisdic· tion of Ihe origin municipality, To !IIus-
3/1 The L'Keml)lion in 37-3-4(a)(1)c. Code. Is nOI the same i.lS the defln1t1on of a "I'riyate Carrier" rocited JI 42 M.C.C. 199. Nevertheless, olher "priYiltc carriers" would nOI come within Ihe definitions of common and contract carrie(5,) TherefOil), the ~I;rimary boslnl.'Ss" test provides the appropria te Standlrd to distinguish
Swnley IN.
For rccelved his unckrgradu-
aw degfCC from Ihe University of Florida and law degree from CumberlMeI School of lltw. /-Ie Is .1n admlnislralive law;udge on the sta(( of Ihe Alabama Public Ser-
vice Commission,
291
tratt", assume the police jurisdiction of Guntersville touches the police jurisdic. tioil of Albertville, which in turn toucht.'s the police jurisdiction of 80,1:1;, but the Boal and Guntersville police jurlsdlc. tions do not touch each olher. In this situation, hauling from Guntersville to Albertville woo d be exempt, Hauling from Guntersville to Boaz, however, would not be e>-empt because their p0lice Jurisdictionsdo not touch each other. Dlslribufion Service, Inc. , Informal Docket (-4459, October 19, 1981. A more difficult question arises where the police Jurisdictions touch, but Ihe shoncst highwilY roulll goes outside the pollee Jurisdiction of either chy invol\ll.'<l To 11Iustra te, assume thaI the police jurIsdictions of Guntersville and Arab touch, but Alabama Highway 69, the shortest rou te betwccn the cities, lies In part outside of eUher police jurisdiction. The e)(emption for mu nicipalities is ana· logous to the Jntcrstilte Commerce Com· mission's commercial zone, and the same interpretation should be used, If possible. The ICC has held that cities are
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contiguous when they have a common border and there is direct communlca· tion between ,hem by motor vehicle. Commercial Zones and Terminal Areal- Detroit 96 M.C.C. 709, 713-714 (1965). Under Ihis teSt, too exemption would not c~r service between Gun· tersville and Arab since the direct route leaves the police jurisdiction, Nevertheless, the language in the Alabama stalL.lle is clear and without latent ambiguity. The legislature has not p!OYided jurisdiction where the police jur~ictions touch and Ihat would be the case in this illustration. The service would be exempt. The next exemption is in the middle of Section 37-)-4(a}(1k. and is for: ... mOlO! vehicles hauling ro., d maIllrials and t"lid ~ the stille of "Iii' b;lnl;l, or l),lid by llllY county or other pollllc.11 suhdivlslon lhereof, or p.lld ~ arry conlractor performIng work lor Iho Stall! of Alabama, Of any county or olher pollrh;,ll '\JbdlvlsJon thNrof, lor a distance nor exceeding fi fty mill'S:." " This language clearly does nOI c~r roads being built by the Il,.>deral gQ\o'ernment or a federal insrrumentality such as TVA. Of course, the U.S. highways and the Interstate hlghwa-IS are funded me)tty by the federal gCJOlCrnment, but arc built by the State Higlw.r,)y Department. This e)((!ffiption is fOf toad materials or materials to be used in building the fOilds. tt does nOI c(Jver Ingredients of road mat(!fials and, tnus, would not CO'>ICr the r'~ materials used to make )teel or concrete girders for bridges. Also, It would not cover the r.l'N matetlal hauled to a concrete or asph"lt plantlhatls SUI)plying their I>roduct for road construc· tion , There is (1 qualifi cation, hO'WC\lCr, Hauling sand, gra~J, bags of cement and bags of morta r m;'1 to a road construction site would be t!~cmpt wherl! these materials will be mixed on·silCl and used on·slte, It makes no diflerence whether the materials are ml)(ed by hand or a machine, Likewise, if a portable asphalt plant is set upon a ro..'ld construction site and produces plant.mixed asphalt solely lOr the fOild construction project, hauling Ihe materials or ingredients would be exempt. Section J7·1-4(a)(1}c also contains ex· empt commodities. The two bro.ldest categories arc forest products {logs, lumber, poles and pulpo.YCl()(ll, and farm pro-
cluce (pe;muts, potatoes Or any other agrlcullural commodity of ilry kind. but not manufactured product! thereoO. Fertilizer Is exempt and has been de(lned as any material applied to Ihe scillo aid in the growth of plants," Finally, exemptions aft' provided for livestock, coal and coke. There are other miscellaneous exemptions provided in Sct::lion 37-3-4, such as for United Stales mall and nCYISpapers and magazines. Regulalion tl the trucking activity is regulated, such activity Is prohibited without a certificate or permit from the commission. Section 37·)-IO(a) ilIld Section 17-3-13, Code. A common carrier is one who serves the general public or anyone callIng ;'i nd t'C(luestlng his service. For a com· mon carrier to obta1tl a cerlific,lte, it must submit 11 wrillen i1lmllciltlon (Iud show, at (In oral hearing. Ihal it Is properly qualified to conduct the operations ilnd that the proposed service is rC<luired by the public con\ll!nlence and necessity.' Proof of publiC corl\lCnJe,'ce and n~sJ· ty rCClulres a showing that lhere is 3 tleed for the service thai is not being met by e)(lsting c,uriers or that the proposed ser· vice somehOYl will be superior to existing services... Carriers Ihill h(M;l certifkates arc notified of new applications and h;JYC !he right to protest them.' Public convenience and n(J(:essity Is usually established by l!!Stimony and other evidence from potential users o( !he proposccl service.' This evidence mU5t ~hOYl some reason why the existing services will not meet the needs of the potell!ial users. It Is nOI enough to show an abstr.)ct desire for more com ~illori ;· OCCMionlll or ImlMed problems with ex· Isting servic:e;1D or that addJtiorial service on OCCMlon would be beneficial for the potential users.1I Someone wishing to serve only one or a lew firms under a s peci~l , or individual, wri1!en contract may apply lor a permit as ,1 contract carrier. A contraCI carrier also must come 10 a hearing and e~ tabllsh hIs qualifications drld also must establish that the proposed service will be consistent with the public interest.ll To a large degree, the public Interest is decided bo,t determining whether the po:!post.,>d scrvice would me~l y dupllcale Ihe service of common carriers or harm their service to the general publlc,1I Sep'ember ,988
If a truck lint"! is successful and is grant· ed <I cerlificale or pt'!rml!, then it must comply with the Commission's regula. tion s. All firms must maintain proof of in· Sur!IflCe coverage on the requln."'<l forms on fIIf' with [hI;! Commission,1" Common carriers also have 10 mainl<lio proof of cargo InsutanC/! coverage. 'S Common carriers, except lor thoSe who operate dump vehicles exclusively, m(ls t submit tariffs and charge only th!!ir tariff rates.'. Contract carriers must submit schQclules of minimum ({ltes or, in some caSCi, con· Iracts.17 AU Ciltriers must sublnlt annual reports" and are required to keep cerlain records. The mcords illt lude those on <[ualifications of drivers," mainlen,m ce and S;l(l;!ty Inspections of IIChiclcs10 ilnd hours of service of drlvers.~1 Other reo qui rl;!ments are included In the Commi ssion's Motor Ctlnier Rules, Trucks ol>crated by the regulated ca rriers are ~adily Icklltifiable bee.1Use they will have the requir(.'(! "lettering" on thc sides, This Includes the carrier's name and the ci ty whe~ its princip<ll place of business is located . MOlor Carrier R\lIe 3.22(a). In ildditlon, carriers authorized
The AI,1bama Lawyer
10 conduct intrastate Alabama operalions will have the leiters ';.\PSC" pr(."'C(.'(!inl! a number.u MOlor Carrier Rule 3.22(a) arid (c).
Conclusion PriVilte vehicles and olher vehicles Ihal arc not ~for hire" ilre flot regul<tted by the Alabama Public Ser.ice Commission.ll
Also, some "for hire" vehIcles Jre within e~mptions from the Commission's jur. isdiction. A non-exemp! trlJ cking firm, hOWt.'VCr, is InlenslllCly regul aled in ils in[faSI')le activities hI Ailibanla. Therefore, It is Iml>ortant to Identify non..cxcmpl trucking Jctivities and lake appropriate steps. •
- - - -- - -- - - - - FOOTNOTES - - - - - - - - - - _
, With cctt;l,n 1!li.C('IlIlons, p,lSIoeOIIef I;.JJrlefS are ~ Iso rIlHu lated. I leasing of \"ehlclcs 10 cer!lfi c~ ted common car-.IC'l and ,,,,,rmlned con trolO came'l ls ijO'l'Crrled by MOIO. Ca"le. lIutl! 12; ~ ~I IO C~pc "''' Ff(lIShl ~ Urllted S!.iI res, 586 F.2d 170 (lOth CI •. , 1978) con· cernlnll · F~lmln8 Oot" probtcms, , Secllon ]7-).2(6) ancl m. Code. • Sl~ to v. Flowerwood NUf!e.y, Inc: .• 256 AI;I, 4~6. 55 So.2d t30 (19SII.
• Section 17.) .1t. C(Jek . • Purol~IOI Cou,lf't COIpoml1')l1 ~ AI~b.I"1;I Public Sen'/(I.' Commll,lon, 514 So.2d 832, 8lS (Ala.
1981). , Sl!ctlon )7·)·IOlbl, Code. o lhe
u~
AI~ooll>il
of an e.>;[l("11
1!181>1.
., Ron Nrely Expit'u, Inc. ~ HOiNlWy Truck Line.\,
387 So.2d 182, 785 (1980). .. S4lcllon 37·3.16(a), Ctxk; Motor Can II!' lIutl! 4. II Ibl(l,16, 5f(tlon 37-}'20 ami Section }7·)·4(c),
1"';.•
'ok.
" Section 37·).21, Code. Secllon 37·3-22, Code. .. MOlD< 0""1.,, lIul~ 17.ll I- 17.t4t , .. M010' Ca, fie, lIull! 17.62. " MOIOI C.rrler Rille 17.5 t, Ill. seq. "TlIl(k) OIlt:t~lo:d by t~ tflcn nOlhorl1.ed by lhe tn· I.
'et~'a'e
w~m:.. w~ , "PP'~
in
Public Se"'/(Il CommlSllon v. [\t01I1 fJf8D
.Am~cd SClviCcs COlPOl~lion.
" Sfrv1a! Express, IfIC. ~. 8il/i/lfU 1,Jlllp<Hldrion Cvnlp;!ny, 281 Ala. 666, 207 So.2d 418, 421 11963). " 5ecliM J7-1.Il(b), C!1d<:.
495 So.2d ~ 2 (AI ••
• PutQialo' COUllet, IUPId, 5M So.2d &1 8)5. " ,0.1.1",,,,. Pvblic Sc'vlc~ Com",lsslon ~ Lane rrud,ng. Inc., l !l5 So.2d t4 (A ID. 1901l.
Comnlen:e Commi~s;on to I:onduc:tlnte,. will (Ilsptay a nJmbcr Issued by th., tCC. 49 c. r.lI. 1058.2 "lhe ~t!nw;nl of Pubt ic s,,1etv tI'~ /ede",t , Witty 'C8uldtlons on (a'ge commerc ial vehlclcs. Ot.-I"mml!nt Qf Puht;.; s.>ll!ly Rul~ 76().X~1 6. AI~. bama .Admlnlj r'Jlj~ Cadi:. OIl. ... dq>."iitlm'ntl <i th~ It~tc hiJl'O rt'IlUldllons th'lt appl y [0 slleCl/!c OK· tiv;t; es of vehtctO!1. !W~ o-po:'a l lon~
Committees and Task Forces of the Alabama State Bar
1988·89 Alabama Siale Bar President Gary C. Huckaby has dcsiKnaled 30 committees and 12 task forces, a number of which arc n(.'\N, for 1988-98. PIl..'Sident Hvck.)Oy's appointments to the commiu(.'(..'S and 1,15k forces for 1988·89 are:
c: mnm 111t·t·!> Commillt·t nil At l ( ' \ ' In Sctvkcs
It'~,ll
Chairperson: Anne W. M itchell- Birmingham Vice Chairperson: Kath erine Elise Moss- H untsville Mcmbc~:
Gary P. Wilkinson - Florence
Rebecca ShoYlS BrYM- Montgomcry Celia J. Collins- Mobile Gilbert B. Laden- Mobile David Jordall- Moblle
J.
Gene M . H<lmby, Jr.- Sheffield Cil fOI j. W(l Ili!'e-Tu ~CillooS.l
Nimcy S. Martin- Uirmingh;ml Sue Ann Willis- Birmingham Kenneth W. B~ttl e ~-Trussvi lll.! Merceda Ludgood- Mobile Bennenl l. Push- Blrmlnghalll N ancy Lee Fr,lIlklin- Birmfngham Adam M , Porter- Birmingham Ka thl een A. Collier- Birmingham Frederick M . Garfield - Birmingham Pe ter H. Williilms- PcnSilt ola, FL Stanlt.>y'vVt!issman- M ontgomery Abigail P. Van Al styne- M ontgomery Fmd Wood- Hamilton Board o( Bar Commissioners Liaison: J. M ilson Davis- Birmingham YLS Representative: loJura L. Crum- Montgomery Sta(( lia i ~o n : Keith B. Norman- Montgomery
294
Editori.,1 Uu.ud, Tf> \/.11 Hl i I Cha irperson and Editor: Robert A. I-luffakt.Y- Montgomery Vice ChairpeNon and Associate Edi tor: Susan Shlrock Der.lo la- Montgomery Members: Roscoe 0. RO~rI5, Ir.-H untsvUi e Champ lyons, Jr.-Mobile Julia Smeds Stewart- Birmingham Frank B. I)ous-Florencc Ilenjtlmin T. R~Mobilc S<lmuei N. Crosby- Bay MinellC Robert P. Denni ston- Mobile Isaac P. Espy- Tu scaloosa Andrew P. Campbell- Birmingham Thoma s E. D Ul1on- Blrmingham Joseph A. COlquitt- Tuscaloosa Gregory H , l'iilwkoy-Birmingham W. C reg WMd -LanCI1 Keith B. Norman- Montgomery Johrl J. ColClnarl, Ir.-BirminglulI'II Board of Bar Commissioners Liaison: Charles M . Crook- M on tgomery Staff liaison and Managing Editor: Margaret Lacey-Montgomery
/I!
\/,liJ.1r IJ L.I\\', 'f i:ldr Plr€'( nr'
( omll1lfh
Chairperso n and Assist.lnt Editor: Laura A. Calloway- Montijomery CI)-Chairperson: Frank II. POlis-Florence Members: Mlch.1cl l. Brownfield- Fort P.1ync C. Frederick Robinson- Mobile Mary Beth M antlply-Moblle Lauric Newman Smith- Hun15ville Donald R, Harris- Birm ingham E. Paul Jones-Alex CilY Edgar C. Gentle- Birmingham SU$<In B. Bevill- Birrnin ghnril Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: WJltcr p, Crown()\o~r-Tu scaloosa StJff liaison: Margaret Lacey- Montgomery
Advi ..ory Cnmrnilll't'lolhe flo.lTd of 8M F ",ninN Chairperson: John E. Chilson- Bay Minellc Members: Phillip A, Laird- Jasper A,J. ColemJn- Det atur Staff liaison: Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery (hoH.uh·r
.lIId ritlll'''' Comrnilh'l'
PANEL I Chaiq)crso n: w,lI1da O. Devereaux- Montgomery Members: l'IOWtrrd A. Marldcll- Monlgomery ThomJs A , Smith-Cullman PANEL II Chairperson: James Jerry Wood- Montgomery Members: 1', Ri chard Hartley-Greenville Robert E. Moorer- Birmingham PANEL lit Chairperson: Wade H. Bllxk'Y- Dothan Merllbers: Robert W, Barr- Troy David B, Byrne, Jr,-Montgomery Allernales- P;mcls I, II and III: John B. Scott, Jr.-Mon ~gomery E, Ash ton HIli , III- Mobile Soard of Oar CommissiOners LIaison: Archie T. Reeves, Jr.-Selma Staff lI .. lson: Norma Jearl RobbinS-Monlgomery COnlmittee on tht' (Iient Security
fund Ch"irperson: Alva C. Caine- Birmingh'JI11 Vice Chairperson: James S. Ward- Birmingham
5cp:embcr 1988
Members: Mlchact E. Billiard- Mobile Charles l. Denaburg- Birmlngham l . Bruce Ables- I-luntsville J. Michael Jolner-Alabaster lowell Womac<- Tuscaloosa BOilfd of Bilr Commi~sloners liaison: Gorman R. Jones, Jr.-Sheffleld Siaff liaison: Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery (mlll11ll1('4.' Oil CHnlinuily, "mKr.lIn~ .lnd Priorities Chairperson: Thad G. long- Birmingham Vi C(! Ch.l irperson: William E. Shinn. Jr.-()e(:atur Memberi: John D. H umber- Tu scaloosa Win ston V. Legge. Jr.-Ath cns Clarence L. McDorman. Jr.Illrmlngham Brian Keith Copeland-Gadsden Billie A. Tuckef- LaF.ryeue 80ard of 8M Commissioners liaison: George p. Ford-Gadsden YLS ReprC$cnlilli~e: Marda W. Sydnor- Birmingham Siaff Liai son Reginnld T. Hamner- M ontgomery
(clITunillt' 'un (um't Iinl1.llln ..tilu-
tions Ind I'm(.('c!urt' Chairperson: Ralph I. Kn(M'les. Jr.-Tusca loosa Chairperson Eml>rUu5: John C. WOItkln!o-TU scaloosa Vice Chairperson: Abigail Turner- Mobile Members: William J. Sambrd- Mt. Meigs Mervyn Michitel- Occatur John T. Ilannon- MOntgomery Jonn V,l n Almen- Montgomery Josel)h G. l. MM~!() n, III- Montgom· eO' WIlliam A. Kimbrough, Jr.-Mobile I. Norman Br3dley, Jr.-I·luntsville Nev.l Warren \o\'ebb--Blrmlngham Eugene R. \/erin - Bessemer leslie G. Johnson- Florence Darrcill. Sc:hlottt::rbilck- Montgomery Brenda Burns-"TuSCillo05.1 E. Mabry Rogcrs-Blrmingham Jack Floyd- Gadsden Board of Bar Commissioners Liaison: Francis H . H are. Jr.-Birmingham
The Alabama Lawyer
YLS Representative: John M . Plunk......,4,thens Siaff Liai son: Keith B. Norman-Montgomery
Uhit\ Eliut'illi"" (oll1l11ill('E' Chairperson: Ernest L. Poller- Huntsville Vice ChairperSOn: Richard A. Thigpen-Tuscaloosa Members: Kirtley W. BrO\oYn-Marlon Lynn W. Jinks, !II- Un ion Springs Arllllltt;l A. Arnold - Birmingham William B. Lloyd - Bi rmingham John D. Clements-Birmingham Fred G. Collins-Mobile Phill ip Ted Colquell-Birmingham Dorothy F. Norwood- MOntgomery Tony S. Hebson- Blrmlngham Bobby N. Sright- Montgomery Clarence Simmons, Jr.-Gadsden lenclle M. Marsh- TU 5Cilloo5.1 Gall S. McCollum-Opeli ka Ex Officio: Robert W. NorriS-MOntgomery Board o f Bilr Commilsioners liaison; Ollie Blan- Blrmlngham YLS Representative: Edward B. '>arker, II- Montgomery Siaff Liaison s: Alex W. Jackson- Montgomel)' Kei th B. Norman-Montgomery
rill.lnlt' (ummiIIN' Chairperson ; Alv" C. Caine- Birmingham Vi ce Chairperson: Richilrd S. M ,IIlIcy-Demopolis M embers: Terry D. Gillis- Fort Pilync Barton, Jr.- Birmingham lames Henry B. Hardegrt.' e-Montgomcry FOfcst Douglas Hcrrlngton- I'luntsville Reuben Cook- Tuscaloosa Cheryl L. Price-Montgomery Hoard of Bar Commissioners Liaison: William B. Miluhewr-Ozark YLS RCllrl>sentative: N . Gunter Guy-Montgomery SI,l f1 Liaison: Reginald T. Hamner- MOntgomery
c.
Iulurt· of Ihl' Profl" iOIl Cumlllill(>t> ChairperSOn: V.lnzctta Penn IvIcPherson-MOntgom-
'0'
Vice Chilirperson: lohn D. Saxon- Birmingham Members: James 1. Sa~ser-Mon tgomcry GOrdOJI O. Tanner- Mobile Charles l. Spatks-Birmlngham L. Virginia McCorkle-BIrmingham Bradley R. Byrne-Mobile Schuyler H . Richardson, III- Huntsvi11e Gft.!gg B. EWrI"!II- Mont8omery Stephen D. Heninger-Birm ingham Kmhryn S. Carvcr- Birmlngham Harold V. Hughston, Jr.-Tu scumbia Tim R. W,ld sworth- Sulilgent Stcvc Emens-Tuscal~ Stl'VCn K. Brackin-Dothan Board of 8i1r Cl1mmissioncrs Liaison; Broox G. Carrell- Brl'Wton YLS Representa tive: Pau! A. Bramley-Montgomory Sta ff Liai son: Keith B. No rman - Montgomery 100Ii1-:I'nt Dt'it'n' ('ul1Imill Chairperson: Dennis N . Balske-Montgomcry Vice ChairperSOn: WiUitlm R. Blanchard, Jr.- MOntgom.
'0'
Members: Daniel R. Farnell, Jr.-Birmingham Eugene P. Whitt. Jr.-M on tgomery lohn E. Rochesler-,A.shl~nd Nancy S. Martin- Birmingham James E. William s-Montgomery E. Hampton Brown- BirmIngham James M oflat-Athcns Ri ck Harrls-Monlgomery LilBelin AI ... is- Birmin8h~m ScOll K. Hedeen- Dothan William L. Utsey-Butler Hoard 01 BM Commissioners Liaison: George W. Royer, Jr.-H untsville YLS Representative: D. Tilylor FIOY;"Crs- Dothan Slill( Liaison: Kei th B. Norman- Montgomery
In\ur,IOtt'
Pro~r,lm'
(ommillt·c·
Chairperson: Henry Thomas Henzel- BirmIngham Vice Ch,lirperson: Cathy S. Wright- Birmingham Members: EdwJrd S. Sledge, III- M obile Thomas E. Ellis-Birm ingham
295
Mmion F. Walker- Birmingham K,l1hy long Skipper- Birminghilm Jilmes R. Seale-M on tgomery Richard W. Vollmer, lit- M obi le Tazcwcll T. Shepard, UI- I-Iuntsville Willi am Coll ins Knighl, Ir.-Blnn ingham St,mley D, Bynum- Birmingham George R. Ccpclilnd, Jr.- M obi le Cooper C, Thurber- M obile Charles H. Moscs, tll - Sirmingn<lm j . Bentl ey O v.'!!n s, !It- Birmingham Karon 0. B()V((jre-Birm lngnam Phill ip Stano-Washlrlgton, DC Board of Bar Commissioners Uaison: John Dvvid Kn ight- Cullman YLS Representative: P<lul A, Brantley-Montgomery Siaff Ui\isons: Regi nald T. Hamner- M ontgomery Kei th B. Norman- M on tgomery
ludi( i.tl Cllnit路fI'IlIt.' tnr thl' St,ltl' III ;\lah,lIn.1 /olm F. Proctor-Scott sboro David A. Bagwcll-Mouile Ben 1"'1 . H arrl~, Jr.-Mob ile
I.IW D,ly ("lIInruith'!' Ch.,irperson: H.E. N ix, jr.-'vIontgomery Vice Chairperson: Fred McCallum, Jr,-Blrmlngh.un Membcrs: M ark E, Spear- Mobile Wal ter E, M cGowan- Tu5kegee JOilnna S. Elli r-M ontgomery Michael S. Jilckson- Montgomcry l iHlra C r~Jm -Montg(lm ery Truman Hobbs, Jr.- M on tgomery Jarred O. Taylor, II- Blfln ingham AI ~ ton Keith -Selma Jim R. Ippolito, Jr,- M ontgomery Brian Keith COI>elllfld- Ga(!s(!en Chriss H. OmS- Birmingham Ch"de5 R, Godwin-Atm ore Scotty Col$on- Birmingham BOilrd of Bar CommissionerS liaison: ViCtor 1-1. lOti, jr.- M obile YLS Representative: Debra L Loard- M ontgomery Staff Uolison: Keith B, Norman-Montgomery
Cummilll't' un L..l\\'~t'r ,111(1 ~olidl.llion
"d\'l'rli,in~'
Chairperson: Glenda G, Cochran- Blrmlnghil nl
296
Vice Chilirperson: E. Ashtorl HIli- MObi le Members: Booker T. Forte, Jr,-Tu scaloosil Patricia M . Smith-Columbiana Judy A. Nl'WCom[)-Spanish Fort I.arry C. Odom- lip scomb George M. H igginbotham- Bessemer A. Allen Ramsey-Birmingham I-Iuel M. Love, Sr.- T.1I1ildega Lis;! H ugginS-Birm ingham Raben C. Olllon-AmliS[(Jn George K. WHliilms-Hunlsvl!!e C. P.lul Davls- Blrmlrlghnm 1. Dwight Sloan- Birmingham M. Clay Al spilugh- Birmingham Board of Bnr COmmissioners Liilison: Jonn Eilfle Chason- B3y M inelle YLS Rcprc)entilti ve: W. Percy 8adham, Ill- Birmingham Sta ff Liaison: Alex W. jilckson- Monlgomery
(lIIl1l11ill{'(' on I.. )ow Puhli( R\'I,,路 IiUl". In(Mm,'Iion .unl M('di.1 liull'> Chairperson: Anthony L. Cicio-Birmingham
"d.
Vice Cholirpel'5On: Kay K, 8ains-Birm ingnam Membcrs: john N. Pappanastos-M on tgomcry G. Ri ck Hil il- Huntsville Dick O. Nave, Jr.- Blrmlnghanl John H. Lavelle- Birmingham Edwin A. Stri cklilnd - Birlllingh llm J. Richilrd Hynds- Birmingham C. Macleod Fuller-Mobile Joo E. Cook- Birm ingham Sandra K. MeadOWS-Mobile William R. lauterl- M oblle Charlie Anderson- M ontgomery Terry L Butts- Elba Ger(lld R. P"ulk-Scottsboro Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: jilmes S. Lloyd-Birmingham YLS Representati ve: Charl es L. Anderson- M ontgomery Staff liaison: Margaret Lacey- Mon tgomury
Vice Chairperson: Daniel E, Morris-Anniston M cmbers: Tommy R. Dobson-S ylacauga Robert L. GonCI!-F l o~n ce Robert Shannon Paden- Bessemer J,n::k Andr(....... Caddell, Jr.- Decatur James E. Davis, Jr.-H untsvi lle Phillip Laird- Jasper John Frank HeJd- Columbiana Terry L. M ock- TU5CumbiJ Walter W. Kennedy, lit-Oneonta Williilm D. O wings- Centrcvllie Marion Everette Wynne, Jr,-Fairhope Jool W. Ramsey- Dothan M argnret Harris Dabbs-JJsper Winfred N. Watson- Fort Payne Joe C. Cassady, Jr.- Enterprise Th omas G, Gretl\ICs, Jr.- Mobile Rebeccol lou Creen-Red Bay DouglolS M cE lvy-Tuscaloosa Willi(jm S. f>(l(,)le, Jr.-Derl1opolls James E. WilliamS- Montgomery Hoard of Bilr Commissioners LiaiSOn: Drayton N. Jilmes-Birmingham St.lfl Liaison: Keith B, Norman- Montgomery Se<retttry. l.Jwyer Referral Ser... lce: Joy Meininger- Montgomery
lr ~j~l, ti~
r..,j"l11 (.
lIutll
Chairperson: James T. S<lsser- M ontgomery Vice Chilirperson: At ley A, Kit chingS-Birmingham M embers: William H. BL>(:k, Sr.-FOrt Pl1y!le Gcorge B. Alar- M on tgomery Wnller R. ByatS- Mon tgomery 0 , Patrick Harri s-Montgomery John B. Givhiln-Andalu5ia Ferris W, StephenS- M ontgomery w. Clilrk Watson- Birmingham Edwin K. Livingston- Montgomery AIYCu Marlier Spruell- Tu scaloosa E. t-lamillon Wilson, jr.-Montgomery Ri ck Roberts-Wa shington, DC M ichael D. Waters- M on tgomery Lanny S, Vines- Birmlnghilm H. Thomas Henln, Jr.- Tu scumbi<l
!lu.ml uf Tru,II'l
Hoard of Bar Conunissi(Jncrs Uilison: Ri chard H. Gill- M ontgomery
ChairpcrS(m: J. M ichael Williams, Sr.-Auburn
Staff Liaison: Kei th B. Norman- M ontgomery
路\Jah,lm.1 L.I\',,~\路r
Rt'fl'rr,.1
\t't\'il('
St:pI(;!mber 1988
n d
tl\lill ,
Chairperson: James H. Frost- Mobile Vice ChairpC!r$Qn: Loring S. Jones, III-Vesl.wla Hills Members:
D. T.lylor FIO'M!~Dothan Robert D. Segall-Montgomery William G. Gantt- Birmingham Charles E. Richardson, 1II- lluntSville P.lu1 .. I. Cobia-'nnlSlon Wilbor J. Hust, Jr.- Tu sca loosa John S. Thrower, Jr.-Opelika SUSM Tussle Moquin- I'lumsylile Thomas M. DiCiulian-Dccalur H. Thomas Heflin, Jr.-Tuscumbia Marona Posey-Birmingham Ann MCMahan- Blrrnlngham Board of Bar Commissioncr5 liaison: Goorgc I l igginbothalll- Bcsserllcr YlS RCll rl'iCntative: J. Terrell McElheny-Birmingham
51.1(( li.llson: KeiTh B. NormOln- Montgomery Milil.11
C
111
It
Chairperson:
111111
I"
Chairperson: lewis W. Page, Jr.-Birmingham Vice Chllirperson: HUijh A. Nash- Oneonta Members: William C. Wood- Birmingham Richard A. Thigpel- TuscalooS<t
Lynn R. Jackson- Clayton John Joseph Smith, Jr.-Birmingham William I. Hill, fI - MOn!gomery Oliver P. Head-Co!umb!llna john F. Proctor-Scottsboro Jeri BI;lIlkcnship-Huntsville William B. Hai rs ton, III- Birmingham William H. MIU ~B l rm i n8ham Richard Garrell- Montgomery Norman E. W.lldrop, Jr.-Mobile J. William Rose, jr.- B1rmlngh<lm BOMd or S,u Commissioners liaison: Timothy I.. Dilln rd- OIrmlnghnm YlS RepresentaU ve: laBella S. AI\li~Blrmingh am Starr liaisons: Alex W. Jackson-Montgomery Tony Mclain- Monlgomery
.,
,111 I l II Chairperson: Jack Wayne Morgan-Mobile Vice Chairperson:
p"
Robert E. Sasser- M ontgomery Members: Clen M , Connor- Birmingham Craig S. Pittman- Mobile Herbert B. Sparks, Jr.- Onoonta William L. Chenilult, III- Decatur Mark E. Martin- Bi rmlnghmn E.L. Colcbcck- Florence Douglas Key- Blrmingh..l m Reuben W. Cook-Tuscaloos.l
Thomas M. 5emmes-Anniston Ed Ccnl le-8irminghilm Michael C. Quillen- Birmingham Morgan Weeks-Scottsboro Robert Arlthony Cothren- SI rmlngham
Board of iJar Commissioners lIalkl n: Myhln R. Engel- Mobile YlS Representati\le: Richard C. Dean, Jr.-Montgomery Slaff Liaison: KP.llh B. Normil n- Montgomery
Will iam V. Neville, jr.-Eufaula Vic e Chairperson: D. Kyle Johnson- Montgomery M em~rS:
William A. Shorl, Jr.-Bcssemer Albert C. Bulls. III- Tuskegee InsTitUTe jam('s R. Cllfton-Andalusia Milton C. Davi s-Tuskeg(.'<! Chilrle5 11. Hoi lifleid- M ontgomery j ohn C. Fox-Blrmlngh;lm Robert C. Gammons-Huntsville A. Nell Iludgers-Moblle William B. WoodW>1rd, Ir.- Columbla,
SC Ir.l DeMent-Montgomery Thomas E. Snoddy- Double SI>rings I:r;lnk Wi lliams, Jr.-Cullman Mitchell E. GiWin-Alcxander City john W. Grimes-Birmingham Robert D. Carlee-Anniston Terry F. MOO~r-Ft. Rucker lee E. BOIlns- Besscmer
Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: Lewis H. Hamner- Roanoke YlS Rcpresenill tiw: Judkins M. Bry.ln-Montgomcry 51.11( liaisons: Robert W. Norri~- MOntgOf11ery Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery
The Alabama L.lIyrer
Don't Risk A Valuation Penalty. Introduce Your Clients to Business Valuation Services. John H. Davis Ill, PhD, MAl , SRPA, ASA, presidenro( Busincss Valuation Services inc., is the only designated ASA Business Val· uation appmiscr in Alabama. Business Valuation rvices pro"ides consulrntion by l hc hour, approisal rcpol"Cl and expert testimony in cases 0 (:
o Esrote planning
o Esrnte settlement o Marital dissolutions o RccRpitalization s o Employee stock ownership
o Ban k rupt cy proceedings o Mergcrsor acquisitions o Buy-sell agrctmcntlS o Dissident stockholder suits
plans Contact John H. Davis Ill , PhD, MAl . SRPA. ASA 4 Office Park C ircle · Suite 304 • Binningham, Alabama 35223 P.O. Box 7633A • Oinn ingham, Alabama 35253 (205)870-1026
297
Proft, ,iun,,1 hnnumi(, fnmmilll' Chairperson: WIlliam H, Hardie, Jr.-Mobile Vice Chairperson: Daniel E, Drennen, II-Birmingham Members: James G. l-lcndcrson- Blrmlngham James A. Bradford- Birmingham Donnn Wesson Small(...,.-Tuscaloosa James E. Turnb<lc;h- Gadsden Df'lVld R, "rendall-Birmingham Cheryl L. Price-Montgomery Byron lassiter-Fai rhope William T. Coplin, Jr.-Demopolis Ray 0 , Noojin, Jr.-Birmingham Tyrone C. Means- Montgomery larry U. Slm ~ Mobile "I;m l. King- Birmingham L. Thomas Ryan, Jr.-Huntsvil le Marlon E, Wynne, Jr.-Fairhope Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: Jerry L. Thornlon- Hayn£.'Vilie
VLS Rellfesentative: Frederick 1 Kuykendall, llI- Blrmfngh.m Siaff liaison: Keith B. Norman- Montgomery
VLS Representative: D. Patrick Harris-Montgomery Sf<Jff Liaison: Keith B. Norman- Montgomery
(mmnillt't' on 5uh.. t.lnc t' AblN' ChaIrperson; Walter J. Price, Ir.- Huntsville Vice Clmirperson: J. Michael Con,lw;ty-Dolh;m Chairman Emeritus: V,ll l. MCCee-QZiHk Members: John S, Gonas, Jr.-Mobile Carlton Terrell vtynn, Jr.-Birmingham Alber! D, Lipscomb- Bessemer Charles J. Fleming- Mobile James J. Thompson, Jr.-Birmingham Carolyn II. Nelson- BIrmingham Jane C. Little-Birmingham Clarcnce M. Small, Jr.- BIrmIngham Caroline Wells Hinds- Mobile Board of Bar CommiS$ioncrs l Iaison: Bf'OC»C G. Holmes-Mobile
AI.,bolm., ~t,ltl.' R.H CClm01i~.i{)nl'r; Suprl'ml' Courl I i.li .. un (ommitt('l' Chairperson: W. Harold Albritton, Ill-Andillusii'l Memb('l'S: Phillip E. Mams, Jr.-OpeJika W.W"m D, Scruggs, Jr,-Fort P"'Ync Slaff liaison: R('8inald T, Hamner- Montgomery
Speci,,1
1i.li~Cln
1.1\ (ommiUt.·t, for
\outht.'ol,t Rt'gion Chairperson: Roben C. Wilhhlll1- Blrmlngham Members: David M. Wooldridge-Birmingham Bruce Ely-Tuscaloosa
Office of the Clerk, United States District Court, Middle Dislricl Of Alabama The Office Of The Clerk Is Now Accepling Applica tio ns For The Position Of; Pro Se Law Clerk (tempora ry position-one yea r) ISP G rade: 9·10-11-12 starting salary per year: 522,907 to 533.218 Closing Date For Applications: S('I)lembe r 15, 19B8 Ottup.tlonallnfOfTlloition: Pro ~ law clerl( Is a staff position, hired by oInd reponing to the clelk of the United States DI~:rlct Court. A pro !to law clerk performs duties and responsibilities such as ttl(: following; Examines all prisoner petItions and COlllpl~lnts. In· cludlng stolte habeas corpus petition~, motlOM to v.tCale sentence and civil rights complaints, determining If they are proper fOf filln" Reviews and N!CO!d~ all cOfreS~ relating to weh petlt,OllS and complaints. I\:rforms substarlti~ screening alter filing ,iii pl'isoner petitions and motions, includin8 sto1le habeol5 corpus petitions, mOfions to ViIoC.ue senu~r~e lind civil rillhlS complaints, and of ocher pro SCllitl&ltion~ ,uch;ls socl.ll $eCurhy and C<Iual cmplOyment opportunity compl~lnt~ Drollts appropriate recommendltlons and Orders IOf the COOM'S sillnature; review! all complaints' petilions and pleadings that hiM: been filed to determine I~sues lrwolved and b.lsls for relief; performs rCloCarch as re(lulred to Dulstthe coun in prep,lrins opinions; evaluates and determines that campldlnts' pctlllon~ and l)h:ad!r\S~ meet the requirements of fcderoll and local procedural rules, form, Ilayment 0( fces and !tONlce. Ret\IIM Ihow documents that do not conform to the ~t atu tcs or lule~, with Instwetlons (01 necessary correction Or complll\llce; corresponds with petitioners and complaintants reSo1fding prOCl'dural le(tulrements, supplylnsthem with ~lIpropliale fOrm S, documerlls a,d Instruc· tlons as n:>quired. Pcrforms nt:ce~SIlry clerical work to accomplish other duties, Minimum Qualificoltions: To qualify for the position of pro Sol! law clerk a person mu~t be a law :\Chool gradu~ le (or have completed all law Khoul studieS and merely awaiting conferment 01 degree) for entry I~ te<tulrements. ~Irable
Experience: This coon is IntCfested In an applicant who would qualify lor the hI~ IIr~de which would require that person to be a member oitne bJr of a St,lte, territorial or lederoll court or generdl JUlISdletlon. The applicant must hiM: at lea$! two ~a,,' specialiled administration, or equivalent experience ~eiYl'd aflCf graduation from law school, Submit RMulllC AlonS With Writing S"mlilc And L1w School Tr.n.l(ript To: Thom<Is C, Caver, Clerk, U.S. District Court, U,s. Court· house, PO. 61))( 711, Montllomery, AI;lbama 36101. Phone (2051 8)2-7308, Names of persons Dllplying will fIOt be publislx!d and applications will be considered confidential, An Ectual OPllortu nl ty Employer "Plllieatlons receivt'<l for this t)()$hiOll /lillY 00 considered (or any similar vacancy which nll)y OCcur wlth!n 90 days.
298
September 1988
Unauthorbt'd Pr.lltiu· of Committee
ldW
Chairperson: M. Dale Marsh- Enterprise Vice Ch,'lirperson: B. Val.lshan Orinkard, Jr.-Mobile Subcommillce5 Nort h AI.lOOm.l: L. Bruce ... blcs-Huntsvi lle S.A, Watson, Ir.-Huntsville l ames O. HughSton- Tuscumbia Brax ton A. Ashe-Tuscumbia NQrth Central AI.lbama: Wilililm H. Kennedy- Tuscaloosa Mihon E. Barker, Ir.-Blrnllngham Belly C. love- Talladega lohn M. Calcse-Blrmlnsham Middle Alabama: Ralph Michael Rai furd-Phenix City W, Harold Albrl tt on, IV-Andill u ~la Hoyt W. HIII-Opelikil FH.'d W. Tyson- MOn tgonll.!ry South Aliloama: l ames ..I. Cri g85-MOblle lohn N. Leach- Mobi le Michael Jack Harbin- Pri chard Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: Rufus R. Smith, Ir.-Dothiln YLS Representat ive: James T. Sasser-MOntgomery Staff I.iaison: Robert W. NorriS- Montgomery Ta~k
Staff Liaison: Kd th B, Norman- Montgomery
Sta ff l.Iaison: Keith B. Norman- Montgomery
T,l~k force on Allcrn.ltiV(' MclttO(h of Di\pule Re~olulion Chairperson: Rodney A. Max- Birmingham Vice Chairperson: PJmela WIllis Baschab-Elberta Members: Paul S. Conger, Jr.-Tuscaloosa Anne laura Parker- Ozark Lynn Merrill- Montgomery Jerdlee Sutherlin-Huntsvntc Jacquelyn E. Shilia-Birmingham Robert R. Roper. M.O.-Mobile Judson E. Tomlin, Ir.- Birmingham Willi am R, Wlilard-Cadsden Lynda Flynt- Montgor'r\ery john L. Quinn- Birmingham J. Noah Fl.lnderburg- TuscaloosiI Cregory S. Cusimano-Gadsden Robert W. Bradford, j r,-Montgomery Board of Bar Commissioners Lidison: A.J, Coleman-Df.!Gllur YLS Representati ve: Janles H. Andeoor - Montgomery
T.1SIo: force to Consider PM:sibl('
RuJl'~
Chairperson: Bert S. Nel1l~Moblle Vice Chairperson: L. Tennen t lee, III- Huntsville Members: Joe Phelps-MOntgomery Patrick W. Rlchardson-Hl.lntsvilie James Edward Tea§e-Fiorence lohn V. Denson, II- Opellkd Edw,lI'd N. Scruggs-Guntersville W. Michael Atchison- Birmingham Ccorge P. Ford- Cadsden Jere L. Beasley-Montgomery Rober! D. Segall-Mon tgomery 5i1 m Bcally- MOntgomcry Michael D, Waters- Montgomery William C. Cam. IU-Dothtm Larry H. Keener- Cadsden L V.l stinc 5t,lbler, Jr.-Birmingham L Burton 8.nnes, III- Birmingham W,men H. Lightfoot-Birmingham Fournier j. Gale, III- Birmingham
Structured Settlement Specialists
or E\,j·
Chairperson: William N. Clark-Birmingham Vice Chairperson: lesse R. Brooks. Jr.-Huntsville Members: Joseph A. Colqui tt- TUscil loosa John H. Wilkerson, Jr.-M ontgomery Henry I. Frohsln-Birmingha m Cordon O. Tanner- M obile Orrin K. Ames, III- Mobile Richard 8. Carrcll-MOrltgonwry WJ ltet I. Sears, III- Birmingham Eleanor I. BrookJ- Montgomcry James 1. Cullege-Opelika Deborah J. Lons- Bi rmlngham Reporter: ChiHles W. Gamble-TUSCaloosa Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: johll A. Owens- Tuscaloosa YlS Reprcsentathe: Joarta S. ElliS- Montgomery
the Alabama l/Iw~('r
of Alabama's Appel·
Kenneth H. Wells & ASSOCiates, Inc.
force ..
T.1,k rOTC (' on A I,lhdmd dent (.
Rl'~lrutluring
late Cour"
Providing rapid, expert, personal service when it counts . . quality struc tured settlements. O ur free se.: rvices are.: unmatc hed in th e.: industry: • • • •
annuilyqum:lIlnns in writing within 24 ho urs persona' :-lSSiSt;tIH.:e:1I se ttleme n t <.: o nfc rc::nCt!S coord ination :lIld cumpletlo n or settlement docume ntS In .deplh seminars ror yu ur staff REG IONAL Ofl'lCI!.'l NA , 'IOSWIOI! BIMML"IG IIA.'oI OffiCI! . GMF.GO KV KOtlL"lSON l \I<:' nJPlu Utl~.. • ....1... I I I ' IIll m"'lCh ~ .. ,. AI • \, 1I1'J lO~ ' H~"'I'IH
CORPORA T11 II1IAI>Q UAKT I!M.S I)cn\Tf, 0>It>n0du 1 ·1IOO · \'i ·.I~
299
David L. Ashk;lrd-Birnlingham J.L. Chestnut, Jr.-Selma Phyllis S. Ne!'oblt- Bay Mineue William M. Bowen, jr.- Montgomery David M . Enslen- Fayette Board of Bar Commissioners Liaison: Gorman R. jones, jr.-Sheffield VLS Represent" tive: Sidney W. Jackson, III- Mobile StaU Li,lison: Keith B. Norman- Montgomery T.I~k
FmC(' on Bel1(h and 8.u Rel.ltin", Chairperson: Thomas S. Lawson, jr.-Mon1gomcry Vice Chaiq)erson: David A. Rains- Fon I>Jyne Members: ( lark D. Fine-Birmingham Mary Beth M.lIltlply- Moblle Somuel H. MOille., II- Anniston Robert 5. Edington- Mobile Joe H. Calvin. lII- Birmil1gham Edward IJ. P(lrker, ll- Montgomcry Robert E_ Cramer, jr.-Huntsville Clifford loo Rt!(>ws-l1lrmillghanl Hoard of Dar Commissioners Liaison: Lynn Robertson j<lCkson-Clayton YLS Represent3tiv!!: Rclx.'(;ca Shows Bry3n- Montgomery StMf li3ison: Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery T,,,k Ftlrtl' nil Citi,t'n,hip hili( .11 ion Chairperson: Chris S. Christ-Birminghilm vice Chairperson: M ichael l. Odom-Montgomery Members: Frank S. jameâ&#x20AC;˘. III-Tuscaloosa Carnty H. Dobbs- Blrmln8harl1 Wolher Fr,lnklln McArdle- Mobile H. Coleman Burton- Huntsville Penny Davis-Tuscaloosil Charles Freem<lll-Tuscaloosa Timothy H . NIlI1n<lIly-Florem:e Herman Thomas- Mobile James E. Cox-Auburn (harle.!> R. joh)n!t()n, 111- Birnllngh:l1l1 Kathy je<lJl Moore-Bessell1er Charles C. Ell otl- BJrmlngharll D<lvld R. PeeIN- MobUe IIOilro of Bilr Commissioners Liilison: H. W,lynC L(MJ-Anni ston YlS Representative: Amy A. Slllyden-HuntSvilll,l
300
Stil(( Liaison: Keith B. Norman- Montgomery
SI.1(( Lia ison: Kei th B. Norman- MontgO!'rlery
T.l~k
T,l~k
Force on f,lciliti('~ for the Alaham,' Stolte Bar Chairperson: William B. Hairston, Jr.-Birmingh(lm Vice Chairperson: Harold AlbriUon-Andalusia Members: CharJl,ls R. Mixon, Jr.- Mobile Oakley W. Mehan. jr.-Montgomery Alva C. Caine-Birmingham WiWam D. Scruggs, Jr.-Fort Payne lynn R. Jaekson-Clayton Ben t-t. H<lrris, Jr.-Mobile HOWilrd A. Creen-D01han Morri s Dees- Montgoml,lry Ex Officio: Gary C. Huckaby- I-luntsville John B. Scott , Jr.- Montgomery BQ1Ud of 8M Commissioners Uilison: James R. 5c<lIe-Montgomery YlS Reprcsentill ive: Mark G. Montiel- M ontgomery Staff Liaisons: Reginald T. Hanmer- Montgomery Keith B. Norman- Montgomery
TdSI. force on IlIit('r.l( y Chairperson: jack Dr,~ke-TU5Cilloosil Vi(;e Chairpl.'rson: Hollinger F. 6arnard- Blrmlnsh'1Il1 Members: James v. Robert~, Jr.-Mobile jacqueline M. McCon<lha- Mobile 1r18cr M . Sjostrom- Bi rmlngh<lm J. Ron<lld Boyd- Birminghilm John E. OU- Birmingh(lm Thomas H. Figures-Mobile Milry W. Burtw- Birmin8h<l1ll Ern[lstinc S.'!prl-Tuskegee Mary Ann St<lckhousc-Gadroen lee C. Bradley, jr.-Blrrllingham Michacl Mi skowiec-Dothan Marcel Blaek- Tuscumbi<l Fr,lnk Angarola- HI.Jntsville Lynne B. Kitchens-Mon tgomery Woody SanderSQn-I'iuntsvillc Patrick W. Ril;hardson- Huntsville I~trkk H. Graves. Jr.-Huntsvi lle Rlehl'lld N. MC3dows- Monlgolllery Board of Bar Commissioners Liaison: Michael L. Edwards- Blrmingh<lm YLS Represent,ltive: Willi<lm O. Walto~ , Ill- Opelika
Forel' on the Propmed Judkl'll Building
Chairperson: M(lury D. Smith - MQntgomery Vice Chairperson: C. Sage Lyons-Mobile MemberS: Robert M. I¡till, jr.-Florence Fred D. Gr<ry-Tuskeget j. Lister Hubbard- Mo'ltgomery Judith S. Crittenden- Birminghilm Clwles 8. Arendall - Moblle Thom<lS N. Carruthers- Birmingham William H. Albri ttOn, III-Andalusl.'! Robert E. St~incr, III- Montgomery Ex Officio: John A. C<rddcll-Occatur Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: Ollvcr P. Head- Columbiana YlS Representative: W. Terry Travi s-Montgomery St.1ff U.. ison: Keith B. Norman- Monlgomery T'l\k n)r(c fin IlIdidoll S('If'(lion Chairperson : L. Orl,"'" Redden - Birminghlun Vice Chairperson: David A. B<lgwcll- Moblle Reporter: Charles D. Cole-Birmingham Members; David R. Boyd- MOnlllOlllery jame~ C. 6arton, Sr.-Birmingham Rich(lfd F. Ogll;l- Blrmingh'Hll Robert P. Denniston- Mobile Carol Sue Nclson- Birminslmm Dexter C. Hobbs--Mol\IgOrllery john N. Bryan, Jr.- Birmingham Norborne C. Stone. Jr.- Bay Minette james K. Baker- Birmingham Jame5 R. Sturdivant- Huntsvi lle Fred D. Gr,ly--Tuskegee John David S nodgra ~s- H untsville O(lklW W. Melton, Jr.-Montgomery Belle H. Stoddard- Birmingham Dclures R. Boyd- Montgomery Mlch<rcl A. Flgwcs-Moblle C. Neal Pope- Phenix City james L. Kllnefeiter-A'lniston L.E. Gos<l-Yernon Julian D. 6utler- Huntwille Dar CornmissiooNS Liaison: ooard Richard S. Manley-DemopOlis
I)'
SeplCmirer 1988
YlS Rcpresentati ... e: N. Gunter Guy-Montgomery Staff Liaison: K('lth 8. Norman- Montgomery
T..,,1.. Flint' (In L(' '.,1 fdUfollion Chairperson: Robert McDavid Smith- Birmingham Vice Chairperson: Eric L. CaritOn- IJlrmlngham M('mb('rs: Annette C. Dodd- Birmingham Gary E, Davis-Ccnlre William I. BryJflt- Birmingham H()Y,tard M , Be'ser, Jr.-Decatur Delores R. Boo,U- Montgomery Patricia A. DiMs- Mobile ~ndcll W. Mitchell- luverne Board of Bilr Comnlissioncrs Li,lison: Thomas Coleman-Birmingham YlS RCI)rCSenllltive: Frank B. Pons-Florence S!i1ff Liaison: Reginald T. Hanmer- Montgomery
T.l'l.. fun it.I1 R<'IJf
un Pu ("nnvi( ti I,n 'nt,Hinn
(1P'
Chalrl)crson: Albert Bn.owcr- Birmingham Vice Cha irperson: Dennis Balskc-Montgomery M embers: L. MurfilY Alleo,'-Birmingham Di!vld 1'1 . BilK',..ull-M obill;l John M. Bohon- Montgomery Waltcr R. Byarli. Ir.-Montgomery William N. Clark-Birm ingham Frank S. James, III- Tuscaloosa James L. Nonh- Blrmlngham Richard T. Dorman- Mobile Paul W. Greene-Hunts... iIle Hoard of Bar Commissioners liaison: Phillip E. Mams- Opcllka VI.s Rellfesentative: S1Cphcn W. ShOlW-31rmlngh.1m StaU Liaison: Keith B. Normim- Montgomery
T,hl..
.lIrtt'
fin
f'rof~
~innali,rn
Chairperson: Norborne C. Stone, Jr.-Bay M lnene Vice Chairperson: P. Richard Hartley- Green... ille MembCI"!i: Gorman R. Jones-Sheflield Claire A. Blnck-Tuscaloosa AI ...... C. COllnCl- Blrminghilm Henry C. Chappell, Jr.- Molllgomery
The A/... b.1ma Lawy!'r
Edwin J. Curran, Jr- Moblle
Vice Chairperson: R, Emmett PQund ~ tone, II- M ontgom-
J. Mason Davis, Jr.-Birmingham William B, Hairston, Jr,-Birmlngham Nathaniel Hansford - Tu scaloos.l Joseph F. johnston- Birmingham Richard M. Jordan-Montgomery M . Dale Marsh-Enterprise 1'1. Dwight M clnlsh- Dolhan Edmon H. M CKinlt>y- Thomasvllle Robert T. MeadoY.'~, Ill-Opcllkd Jon H, Moores-Dl!Catur Vena G. Samford, Jr.-Opelika Winfred N, Watson- Fort Pityne Parham Williams-airminghnm A. Hugh Maddox- Montgomery ROilrrl of Bar Commissioners Liilison: Ilaroid Albritton ........ ndalusia YLS Representative: H. Thomas Heflin, Jr.-Tuscumbia SlilH Liaisons: f(cginald T. Hamner- Montgomery Keith B. Norman- Montgomery I,l~r ~u..
,"or("(' on ~Ulhl.1f1( t' Ahu
il'l\,
Chairperson: Charles J, Fleming- MObile
in
"'I M emhel'5: Joanne E. Boyd- Birminghilm Beverly Ann Lipton-Montgomery I-Ierbie Brl.~r-Ja sper Mic ha~J l. lucas-BirminghMl E.J. McArthur- Montgomcry Edwin E, Humphreys-Blrmingh.1m lee B. Osborn-Florence Thomas l. Rountree-Auburn Robert F. Tweed y-Dece!Ur Patricia E. Shaner- Mortgomery Kenn!;!th H. Looney-Sconsboro Michael Jack I tarbin - Prlchard Sue E. Williamson-Birmingham Anthony A. Joseph-Blnlingham Debra P. Hackett- Montgomery Board of Ra r Commissioners liaison: Phillip A. 1..1lrd-jasper YlS ReprC$cntilti ... C: Gregory J. McK."ly-Birminghilm Stilff liaison: Keilh B. Normoln- MOn1gomery
•
~ LAWSEARCH Sou'ru
~ I
'.018 OAI(LJ.o:V ATTORNEY AT LA W
ATLANTA ' S • • • LEGAI~ ItEC H UI TEJ"t
Hlghut Rating In 1988 American Lawyer Survey 01 Legal Recruiter,
"Lols Is far and away the best legal recruiter In the business. " Hiring P.rtne" Major Atlanta Firm
"As a fel/ow lawyer, LoiS understands what It's al/ about. " Recently placed third year a..oclate 300 GAI.I.ERIA PARKWAY . SuiTE 400 • ATLANTA, GEORctA 30339
(404) 95 1·91 77
]01
Legislative Wrap-up by Roberl L. McCurley, Ir.
The Aillbamil t.iIW Institute re-elcctf..>d Ihc following officerS and ex(>(utiw CQmmiu¢e:'1 itS Mlnu<l1 meeting: President, Oakley Melton, Montgomery: Vice president, Jim Campbell, Annis ton; Secret:.ry, Bob McCurley; and execullY<! comrl) in~, George Maynard, Birmingham: Rick Manley, Del11opolis; Yella Samford, Opelika; Ryan DcGraf.
fcnried, Tusca loosa: and
e.e. Torbert, Jr., Montgomery,
The InStit ute WOIS created by slntule as il legi slative tltlcnc:y in 1967 and ~san operations In OCTober 1969. The key purpose of the Institute Is staled succinctly in Ala. Code § 29-6-4 as follows; "to promote ilnd encovrage the clarification and simpllficillion of the law of Alabama to secure the better administriltion of justiCe i,mQ to carry orl schol.uly it;!S<11 res,eilrch ilnd scientific leg.,1 work." The Legislature chose to est"blish <In institute comprl~ of a small st(lff but one which would dr.. w (rom the leg.. 1 experti~ of the law schools and the volunteer assistance of Ilracticlng lawyers and judges. Thi s legisllllivc <lgency, although located In the stma-supported l,lW Khool, would bt:! responSI\{(! to tht:! Legislature ra ther than \0 the statl! unl\{(!rslty, as It Is In many other states. The LeSi~lilturtl delegated the governance of the tn sti tute to a council comprised of represen tiltillCs from c(lch brilnch of govcrl'lment, law schools and elected prilctic:ing attorneys. There is a bro;!d bil5e of support and legal expertise represented in its membership of 150 l:lwycrs Md Judges who serve (or six-yt!ar term s. In the two decades that have follO'Wed, the legislature has enacted the following miljor code reviSionS drtlftcd by the Institute:
14. Business Corporation Act 15. Banking Code 16. Rules of the Road 17. Criminil l Code Pres(!r)tly uI)der cOl1sidera tlon by Institute committees arc the following revisions: adoptions, probate PfOCl.>t;lUr/!, securities, COr'ldomlnium lilw, friludulent transfl! rs, trust powers, crimin;!1 procedure ilnd evidence. During il Icgi slative session the Institute prOvides the Senate ilnd l-lo~l se Judiciary commi ttccs with legal assls· tance to review pending legislation. The Alilbilma UrN Institute ger'lcr.. lly studies major are;!s of law for II comprehcnsi w ri."Vislon o( a subject lmd Ic;!\1C5 to the legislative Reference Service the other thou sands of bills that are ri."Vlcwed annua lly deilling with budgeting concerns, local legislation. etc. Beforc adopting a subject (or revi(,.'W the Institutc must: (n determine the maner to be of sufficient legal imllOrtance; 12l secure 11 legal scholar who is ilViliiable to undertilke the chief drilftlng ~ 5po nsibillty; and (3) scitM:t a com· mi ttee of exper1s 10 rcvil.'W the draft s. The Institute Is hesitantto all(1vY itself to become inwlved ill decisive policy iS$ues that, although may need legal expertise, ofum arc caugh t UI) In emotional fervor. furthermore, the Institute, which operates with volunteers, is not constructed to handlc "Instant" Issues but refers them 10 the LcKislativc Refe rence Service which employs il full· time 11'!g1l1 staff. .
1. Rede'Tll>tlon of Real Property 2. Uniform Guardianship and ['rOlectlve i'roceedlngs ;\<,
3. Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure 4. Trade Secrets
5. Uniform Trilnsfer to Minors 6. Uni form EndQrsement of Foreign Judgments Act 7. Eminc!nt Domain Code
a.
9.
10. 11. 12.
13.
Nonprof'lt Corporation Act Revi~ed Limited Partnership Act Professional Corporation Act Prob~te Code Administriltive Procedure Act R~I~~ Article 9, Uniform Commercial Code
Robert L. McCur/oy. ~p,. IS 1M dlloclor O/Ifla Alabllma LIlw InSlill,rle 61 the Un1vers1tr 01 Alabama. He recaived hiS
undorgraduato 8nd law de· grees ',om the University.
September 1988
Recent Decisions by lohn M . Milling. Ir., and D.wid 8, Byrne, Ir.
Recent Decisions of the Supreme Court of A labamaCiv il
Civit procedure, , , ru le 32(..)(3) does no t provide for discover y depositions Ex Parte: COOU, e/(, (In Re; COOlS v. COOlS, 22 ASR 2376 Oune 17, 1966}-ln thi s medlt<ll malpr.K:tice action, plaintiff alleg<.'(1 that defendant negligently treated Sheila Coots. Our· Ing discovery, defendants noticed the deposition of one of the plaintiffs' fIX· pert medical witnesses. lust prior to thc deposition, the defendants an· nounced Ihal this was a discCNery deposition , Plaintiffs' allorney disa· greed, and over defendants' objec· tlon, the dCl)Osltion W;lStaken "nd the plaintiffs' auomcy cliched subSI;mtive evidence to be used at trial. Defend· ants' attorney maintained that he was denied the opponunlly to dlSC(M!r t~ witness's qu~1 fications and opinions; Ihat he was denied Information nl'<.'ded to cross-examine the doctor; and, Ihat pltJinliffs' allorncy had failed to notify him in adv.lnce Ihat he Intend· ed to take a trial deposition. The court gr.mtcd defend.lnts' motion to prohibit the plilintiffs' use of the deposition at trial. Plaint f(s al>Pealcd.
In a case of first impression In Alabama, Ihe supreme court held thai Rule 32(a)(3), A.R.CiY.P. docs nOI provide for discovery del)QSitions, and Ihm If the l>-l rty offering Ihe deposition for use at trial can meet one of the conditions enumer.1tcd in thc rul(', the deposition is freely admissible and may be used by any pJrty for any purpose. The supreme ('ourt also Stoued thai Rule 26(b), A.RGY.P., entitl<.'t\ a Pilr1y 10 use interrogalorles to Identify eKIXlrt witnesses ;md Iheir ol>lnlons to adC<lui'ltcly prepare for cross-ex..lminalion. The court also stated that there Is no rule recluiring an OPl>osing par· ty to provide the party who nol iced the deposition of tl-e scol)C of his examination at dcposl1ion.
John M. Milling.
Jr. , I~ a member of the firm of Hill, Hm. Carter, Franco, Cole & Black In Montgomery, I-Ie Is a gfilduMe of Spring 1111/ Col/ege and the Un/vel'$ity of A/ab.lffJa School 01 /.BoN. Milling CCNCrs /Ill' civil pon/on 01 the decisions,
Civil procedure, , , Irial court has discretion to consider new legal argumcnls in post· judgment moti ons Creen Tree Acccptance, Inc. v. 111,1lock, 22 A6R 1991 (AWil 29, 198BJBlalock, an Alaoor'na rf!Sidt:nt, enlered into a conlract in Alab.1ma to purchase a mobile home from Furt Mobile Home Sales, tnc., a foreign ('or· poration, flOt qualified to do business In AI"I).lma, The home needed eJoiten· sl\/(! repairs, and Furr also agreed to do the mpair work. Creen Tree, the financing company, qualific<i in Ala· barna, purchased the agreement. Furt deli~rcd the hou~ to Blalock ilnd stMcd repairs. Blalock began making paymenls, Furr ceased repairs, and
Oavid B. Byrne,lr" is a 8l'iJduale of the University of A/ab,lma, where he received oorll Ilis tlndergr,lduMe lind law degrees. lit' is II mcmocr of Ihe MOn/Homery firm o( Robison &- Be/scr and covers the criminal portion 01 the decisions.
303
Blalock stopped making paymenls. Green Tree sued to recOYer Ihe mobite home. Blalock nled iI mol ion for summary judgment arguing Ihal Furr was nOI qualified to do business in Alabama, and, Iherefore, (ould nOI sue OOcause of §10·2A-247(a), Ma. Code 1975, and Ihal Green Tree, hs asslgn~, was subjecl 10 Ihe 5illlle defense. Green Tree filed a molion for summJry judgment and argued Ihat It was a holder In due course and IlOt subj(..'CI IO Ih.l1 defense. The trial court grantro Blalock's mol ion and denied GrC<!n Tree's motion. Gre(!n Tree filed a post.judgment mOlion fOr reconsldera· 'ion and rehearing al\d arsu~ fOf the firsl time that Furr was engaged In ;nler5IiltC, rather Ihan Inll;1stale, commerce, and therefore exempi from Ihe qualification Slil1ute. Green Tree's motion Wd~ denied. In iI case of first impression In AI,,· b.1II1a, the supreme court W.1S asked to determine whether a nt.1W leg.ll argument In a post-Judgment motion is timely. The court concluded that a trial court has discretion to consider a new legal argu· ment in a post.Judgment motion, but it is not rC<lulrcd 10 do so. The supreme court will rcvcrse only if the trial court ilbuses 111111 discretion. Green T~ offcll..'d no rcason for itsfililure to riJise the argu· ment prior to Ihe post-judgment motion . The SUJ)femc court also sl<!t¢Uthlll the evidence Indlcaled thm thc Furr contract was Intrastate commerce and Green Tree's complalnl was premised on the e)I. istence of the contrae!, and, tllcrefore, §Io.2A-247Ial precluded retOYery.
Cont ra cts, ' , doctrine of anticipatory breach in· appl icable in unilateral or install· ment contrilcl s Rosenfeld 1'. City P,lper, 22 A6R 2107 (May 13, t988l- Rosenfeld signed a promissory nOIll which prOYidro for five ilnnUill installments. He f,liled to m.lke the first two Installments, ilnd the trial court !!r.lnted Cily ""per COml)<lny a jud!!m<!I1t in the full amount of the note, plus Interest and attorney'S fees. The note did 110/ cOnt;\in an ;\cc~leration ciau!tC. City Paper asked thc supreme COurt 10 ilpply the doctrine of antlcipalo.y breach as an exception to the generill rule of non-accelcrillion when there is no ac· ceillfa tion clause. The COlJrt refused Ci· ty Pal>cr Coml><lny's request because the 304
contr.let WitS iI unilaler1ll contractlnvolloOing the paymCnt of money. The supreme court noted that the ma· Jority of iurisdictions hiM:! not applied the "anlici"atory breach doctrine" to unl· lateritl or inSlaliment payment contracts for l><lymellt of money. The rationillc 15 thmln a bilateral con tract "anticipatory breach" has a field of Opllratlon because the non<!efaulting party remains liable (or certilin oblig.ations notwllhstanding the other Pilrty's breach. To require the non-defauhing party to continue the diScharge of his contrilctual obligations when there Is an unequlYOCal repudliltlon o( the contraet by the defiJulting parIy is senseless. Hoy.-ever; in iI unilateral contract, once the promiS(.'(l has complet. ed his I)art of the contract .md the I)ronllsor's obligation Is conOned to payment by installments, the doctrine of antlcl,><l' tory breach has no Oeld o( operation and a court will nOI Intercede 10 rescue Ihe promisee in the a~nce o( an accelera· tion clause.
thelt offices. The court acknowledged thai Alabama appli(!S the "economic in· teresr test in determining whelher an injured plaintiff Is an invitL\(! and recognizes that the dc(cnd:ulIs may have received some economic benefit from her hell)· H~r, the court noted tha t the nature of the Invltcc's st,1\U; is alSO based upon krlowledge, ei1her ;lctu,,1 Ot con· Structi~, on the part of Ihe occupier of the premises that Ihe visitor is on the premises. Boc,lUse R.lney is the licensee or tre5passer, defendants only OY..-e the duty not to wantonly or Intentional1y In· jure her. The court found no e\'idence of wantonness because defendants did not kncr.v plalnllff was in their offices. The court also concluded thai defend· antS ~re not Hable under the dangerous instrumen tality doctrine bt.>cause plaintiff did not cntct the premiS(.'S In rt.osponse to her attraction to Ihe I)'C, and defendants could not reasonabl~ foresee Ihat a small child would get Into their bath· room when their offices were closed and locked.
Torls. , , visitor docs not altain invitee status merel y by being an C(Qnomic benefit to landowner R.lney 1'. Downs Ins. Asency, 22 ABR 2040 Uune 5, 1988)-The pltllmlffs, it minor and her mother, sued defendants for an injury to Rilney whICh occurred when she Inges1ed some lye which she foond on the bottom shelf of defendants' bathroom cabinet. Plaintiff found the Ollen container of lye and mistook It for sugar. Defendants had hired the mother to clean their offices on weekends while the office was closed. and 1)lalntl(( oflen accompanied her m01her and occasion· "ily would help. Defendants did not know R.lney ~nt with hcr mother when she cleaned their offices. Plaintiffs 5u(..>(1 on theories of negligence, wantonness and dangerous InSlfUllientalrty.
Torts . . .
Summary Judgment was entered In fa· \()r d defendants. and plaintiffs appealed. The supreme coor1 was asked to dcter· mine whether plaintiff was an "invI1ee" by being on the premises helping her mother who was doing work for Ihe landowner or occupier. The court held thaI she WitS not an invill>e b.:!cause 1he de:fendant~ did not know that she was in
E. I. du Pon, de Nemours IJnd Com· p.l ny doctrine rejectcd M cFil(/dcn v. 1en·1 Carll, 22 ABR 2231 {Mav 27, 1988)-The question before Ihe court was whcthC!f to follow the 30-year. old rule announced In E.I. du fbnt de Nemours and Comp.1I1Y I' Kissinger, 259 Fzd 411 (5th Cir. 1958) That case conmued Alabama taw, and Ihe federal court held thaI ull(!er Alilb<l.ma law a contractor is insulated from liability to third I>coons if the Q\oYnl!f has accepted lhe con tractors' completed corlstruction prior to the Il laintlff's accident. The SU I)rCn1C court declined to follow <luPont and agreed with the reasonln!! of appcllatecouru In Illinois and New Jersey. The Illinois court stated Ihat a contrac· tor is justified In relying upon plans and specifications unlC$5 they are SO apparently defecti'<1! or obviously dangerous lhat no competent contractor would follow them. Therefore, AI~bama follows Ihe rllajorlty of Jurisdictions which have adopled the rules extending IinblHlY to the contr,letors following acceptance of their work by the owner when a third party is Injured by the con trac tor's negligence. Se,xembcr 1988
U.c.c" . seclion 7·9·310(1) construed Beverly Bank of Chicasa
If.
Liule, 22
ABR 2168 (May 20, 1988~ln 1983,
Beverly lJank 1000ned linle money and
Recent Decisions of the Supreme Court of AlabamaCriminal
took a s«urity Interest in Little's alrplan(', III 1984, Llnle leased his airplane 10 Con-
Enhanced punishment subsequent to successfu l appeal
dor Md the Icase required Condor to
5mi/h II. 51.11e, 22 ABR 1807 (A1)rll 8, 1988l- The Alilbama Supreme Court grilnt(.'(1 Smith's petition for cert in order to reIIl4!\V Ihe cou rt of crimlMI appeals' Judgment affirming a sentence which enhanced Smith's sentence for burglary from 30 years to life Im prisonment. justice lones, wri ting fOI a six·to-three rna· Jority, reversed and remanded as to the enhilnced sentence (or burglary.
mailliain and fClhllr Ihc airplane for which Condor 'NOuld be reimbursed ill
a
5(!1
rate. Condor subcontracted the
rep.llr WQrk 10 a third p;lrty. E'lenlually,
little defaulted on Ihe Io.ln, and Beverly Bank Instituted seizure procedures. After a he'lring. thc COUr1 found Ihilt Condor had a mechanic's lien on the airplane
ilnd dissolved the writ of seizure. Bever-
ly Bank appealc.-<.!, contending Ihill Con. (lor only had
il
common law possessory
nlt'c hanic's lien for work that Condor's own maintenance personlH!1 actually performed Ill1d not (or subcontracted work. The supreme court recognized that §7·9·JIO(l), Ala. Code 1975, i1ffords a common taw possessory lien which has priority O'.t'r a prior perfected security in· terest. In iI Case of Initial Impression in Alabama, the court also held that in in· stan ces where one is required to main· taln a vehicle, I)U!'S\lant to J pre-existing lease agn..oemcnt, J common law possessory lien ~tel1ds to work Sllbcontf,lctcd to others in furtherance o( th::u repair obliga tion.
Justice Jones st,lled, " Ills clear that the trial judge increased the petitioner's sentence because of his subJectl1.1: obscr· v,)[lons lind 110t bt.'Ciluse of any objective evidence of L>vents ~ubsequent TO the petitioner's first conviction. We adOI)1 the language frOm RI(e v. Simmon, 274 F.Supp. 116 (M. D.Ala. 1967), /lmrmcd, 396 F,2d 499 (51h Cir. 1968), as the al>plk,ll)le rule In Alabama: 'There can be no Increase in a sentence In a criminal CMe i1flCf Ihe seolence Is Impost'(l .. , .To deny such protection to convicted crimInals who dect to exercise their post· corwlCllon remedie$ ~ nd do 50 success· fully Is unfair dlscrlIT'inotiOIl and docs nothing except to ~t:r\'t! 10 limit the use of post-convlction proceedings in the
AlilbamJ StOlte Courts by prisoners. It denies the prisoner the protooion of his original scn!ence as a condition to thll' right Q( his appealing his conviction or «Xercising his post-conllictlons remedies.'" Any Sial emcnt made to police reo quirC$ disdO$ure under Ic mpo rary rule 18,8
Motley V, SIMe, 22 AIlR 1829 (April 8, 1988l-Mo!ley was chargoo with killing Quinton McCastcr. I+J. trial, he asserted self-defense, claiming Ihat he had to kill McCaster becilUSC McCaster had al· tacked him with a knife. A lev.' month!. before !he confrOlllt1lion ThaI resulted In M cCaster's dealh, McCilstcr had stabbed MOII('Y with a knife. Following the incident, M o tl ey signed the (ollowin g staleme(1!: "HiI\Iin!l been adlllwd br Cpl. Hnm. fler, an I~St l!lator(sl of the Montgom· ery Ponce Dep;lrtmcnt, thlt CYidcnce indicates Ihill Qunllon MCc.stCf Commined the offense noted on the QrigJ, 'lal rel>O'I, I do heft'by advise officers dille MQntg(ln'l(!ry 1'oI,w [kpartmcnt lnal t do nOf wish 10 pursue the prosecUlion of Quinton McCilSter lor this d· fen~,~
Prior to trial, Motley, through his attomey, made a discovery mOTion asking for any wri tten stJ temcnts thm the defendant hJd made to the I)()lice lind of which the district attorney was aware.
Don't let your Alabama Lawyers get worn, torn or thrown away. Order a binder (or two!) at $10 each from: The Alabama Lawyer P.O. Box 4156, Montgomery, AL 36101 or call (205) 269-1515
The Alabama lawyer
305
The triill coun granted the defendant's mOtiOri ba sed on Rule 18.1, Alilbama Rules o( Crlmirul Procedure. The district allorney failed , however, to comply with th c discovery Order arid did riOI provide Motley with the sta tement given subsequent to the first incidenl, AI trial , the di stri ct ~lIorney il11empted 10 Introduce the StatCment into evidence .. pp;!rently for ImlX'achmenl purpo~e~. Th'! defense objected unsuccessfully and the tria l court permi tted the petitioner's statement into evidence. The supreme co urt reversed In a per c(Jriam opinio n, The court noted thaI Rule 18.1 eXI>!icitly m;lIld;l1es th;!t such a $Iutemenl be disclosed to the defendan t UI)()n his mOt inn; becau se the 5T,llement was not disdos(.'(i, its admi ssion was hi viOlllti On of the ru te (lnd requin..>d reversal. The supreme co urt rejected the state's 3rgumenr 11"" Ihc district atto rney was not required to disclose the sta tement IwC(l~r se it wa s not made to the police in connection with the offen se with wh ich tht: ilC(.:U$(.'(i Wil S clwged . The court I1!jeCll>d the argum(!nt Slating, " ... I-IO'Nl'Wr, the ru le docs nol rC(luire tha i th e SI.ltemerrt s httvC !K)en made to Ihe pollee In connecti on with the offense charged , The district attorney wa s under " con tinuing duty to disclose the Information requested by the pe ti tioner, Rule 18.3, AI"bamil Rules of Criminal Procedure, .. nd the Slatement in queStion shOuld htl\!\! been provided to the peti tioner so thl!t dclen ~e counSt:1 CQuid consider It in the I)reparation of his defense;'
Promise to cont.. ct dist rict attorney constitutes unlawful inducement to confess 51Me v. \'\leeks, 22 ABR 1872 {April IS, 1988)- On February 26, 196 5, irwc5tigalo rs from Ihc B,lldwin County Sheriff's Depmtmcnt wenllo Weeks' ho me 10 execule a search wtlrr'lIl1. During Ihc course of Ihe searc h, one of the offi cers uncovered 11 s m~1I amount of mari juanil In a 5ml lh & Wesson stainless st (~1 .38 revolver, The serial number had been ground off the g~rn , and th e detectives suspected thai il h,l d been stolen. Dct (.~ li Vf.J M onh;.y took W(.'(!ks to th e (ront of his residence and read him his Mira/Ida right s. Mo nk,), lold Wt.>ek s Ihat he wa s not under arre st but th 31 he wilnred to 3sk hlnl some questions :tbout
306
the gun. During the advisement of the right s, Monley lo ld VVcek s that, " (Hc] wanted his coopcr.atio n hi Ihls m:ttt er and that If he confessed to his part In the uurglnry, he [Ma nley] wou ld make It known to the di stri ct attorney:' After the detective read the Mir,lnda card and encouraged W!!Cks' cooperation, VVcek s (.'l(pl a in~>d how he acquired the gun. He advised I he offi cer Ih31 he had not stolen it uut had purchased It fro m a frlerid . Weeks further admitted thaI he knew the serial number h;!d been ground off when he bought the gun. After thi s discussion, the detective encourilged Weeks to make a written st;!lement "gain I>romising him that he w(lu ld COntaCTth e distri ct atto rney on his bch31f if w(.'Cks would provide such InformaliOn. The supreme cou rt grarlled cert to determine whether the officer's promi se to con tact the d lstr(ct a1l0rney negilted Ihe 'oQlunt;!rincss of the incull"ltory st(1 tement. Th e supreme co ,rrt, speukin g through JUSTice Almon, reversed. "Ex triljudicial confessi ons (lfe prim(l facie involun tary and inadmissible, and the burden is o rllhe State to prove thill the COilfr)ssi oll was made vol uritarlly," The suprcme COUIt'S decision turned on Ihe fac t that the ~rrcs!ing officer had offered to "give something favorable to him ifhe lWeeks] wmr ld hel l>;' just pri o r to eli citi ng the inculpiltory SI<llemenl. The court rea soned that where a suspect is subjected 10 cu stodial qucstioning regarding allegcU crim inal actl ... ity, such arl express plOmi s<! would necessarily en· gender il ho pe o f favor hi the suspect'S mirld . Because the statement was not 'oQ1· unladly giycn, il shou ld have been excl uded from the consideril\ion of the jury. Accordingly, the stale fililcd to Cilrry its burden to prove \IOluntiuin ess.
Recent Decisio ns of the Supreme Court of the United States No expecta ti on of pri ....ley in garbage
can California v. Greenwood, Case No. 86-684, 56 US I.W 4409 (M<\)' 16, 1988)-Do police need a search warrJn t befo rr) se3rchir'lg Ihe garbage SOril COrl{~ leaves al curuslde fo r co llectlo nl The Suweme Court, In a SIK-to-lwo decision,
said no, Acting on Information Indicating tha t Greenwood might be engaged In narco ti cs traffick ing, the Laguna Beach Police Department, on two OCC(1 sions, ex.lmined Crccnwood's gMbage bags left on the curb in fro nt of his house. A search of the tra sh bags C(}nt(onIS indicated n3rcotic usc. The police oblalned warrant s to seorch Green'NOOd's hous<! 11lld discovered controUed subst3nces during the seMch. On motion to SUI>press, Ihe Slate triill judge held Ihilllhe warrilntless search of Creenwood's tr<lsh ... io lated the Fourth Amendmen t "nc! the C(llifQrniil Con stitution. The Cali fornia Appellate COurtS Mllrllled. On CCfl, th(' Suprcnle Co url r~rsed 3nd held thm the Fourth Amendmen t did nOI prohibi t the warrantl ess 5eilfch rind sei zure o( g<lrbrlge left (or collection o utside the curHlage of a horne. Justice White, w riting fo r the majority, said pe0ple hayc no reasonable expecta tion of privacy hI discardl..>d traSh "II is com mon knO'Wledge Ihat plasti c garbag~ bilg~ left on or at the sid(' of a pulJlic street arc rendlly accesslbl(' to ariimal s, childrcri, scavengers, snOOI>S and other meml>crs of the publi c:' he wrote, ''The police cannOI rcasonilbly be expected to.wert their t.')'CS from evidence of crimin;!1 3ctivity thaI could have becn Qbserved by ,IllY m('mbcr of the I)ublic." Justi ces Brenntl n and MlIr..hilli joined In a stinging d i ssenl as follows: "SClutiny of ,mOlher's trash Is contr.lry to commonly acccptl!<! notions of ci... ltlzed behavior. I S l)S r~Cl , lhef'\"":fore, that members of our soclf"ty will be shockL-d 10 learn thallhe Coun, Ill1! ul· lrmate gllMantor of libimy, deems unre,lsorl abl e our ex r~lati on thill lho I!SpccT~ ~ our I>rl....l!e lives th at MC con· ce"k-d safel y In a Irash bag will nOI OO<:Onn: public. " .•. A S<:~ rt h of tr.lsh, like a search 01 the bedroom, c~n relate Inllmllle det~i!s aboul sexual jII~Cllces, health ilnd personal hygiene las wel l asl financial and profcssi or\al StatuS, rXllItica l alfilialions " nd Inclination, prll"ilt(lthouJ:j,II!S, personal mlalioruhlps and fUmantlc Interests . . "
Closely held corporation's compell ('d production of bu siness records does not violate fift h amendment Br.lSwcl/ v. United 5til/(~5, No. 87-3, 56 US LW 4661 Uune 22, 1968)- May the CU ~Todian o( co rpor.l te reco rd s resist a subpoena for such record s on the ground SeplemiJer 19B8
that the act of production violates his Fifth Amendment right o'I81linst self· incriminil t ion~ The Supreme Court, in i'I close five-to-four decision, Sllid no. In United 5tale~ v. Doe, 465 U,S. 605 (1984), the SUprl'lTle Court agreed with a sole I)roprictor thi'lt the compelled !)rQduction of business rl'Cord5 would violate his Fifth Amendment privilege ilgi'llnst t>elf-incrlmlnotlon. In Doc, the focus rested on the filCt thatthc proprietor's act of prod ~clng the documentS would involYe testimonial self-incrimination. Chief Justice Rennquist, in distinguishIng Doc, wrote (or the Court that repll.>' sentatives 01 a collective emity act as agents. The officl.1l record s of the cor· por.1Tion held I:r,o them In 11 ~pr--csen tilt ive caplld ty, rarher than a personal colpaclry, cannot be the subjl'CI of their personal privilege against sclf·lncrlmlnatlon. The Chief Justice explained. "Because the custodian acts as a rt.'f)fCSf!nTilti-..c. tile aCI Is deemed one 0( the corpora tion ilnd nOI rhe ind ividual. HAd l)etitioner conducted his business as a sole proprietor. ship , .. Ooe would ((!<Iulrc th.lI he be I)rovldtod the o!>l)()rtunlty to show that his
act of I)roduction would en tail testimonial self-Incrimination as 10 admissions that the reco rd se~isled , were In his possession, and wcre authentic:' Because he Operilted his busin(.'ss through corporate form, the petitioner W.1S bound by Ihe "collcctive emiTy rule."
Mirand" warnings ,ulequ ale 10 protect sixth ome ndnlcnl rig hts of in-
dicted defenda nt PafICrson v. illinois, No. 86-7059, 56 US lW 4733 (june 28, 1988)--Are Mifilnchl warnings ad(.'quatc to protect the fights of criminal dc.fenda!1ts questioned by police afler they art Indicted Of other· wi se formally charged! The Supreme Court, In a five-to-fourdccls lon, said yes. Police may initiate questioning of a criminal d(.'f(.'nd.mt w[1o has been indicted but has not yet asked (or a lawyer, even thouHh his Sixth Amendmenl right to counsel has attached . Justice WhiTe, wri ting for the majority, ruled that an in· dicted defendant mU51 InYOke the righT to ~o unsel in order to CUI off qucstion. ing. lie rca ~o neQ that, "( Plrcscrvlngthc Integrity of an accused's choice to com· munlcale with police only through caun·
sel Is the enence of EdVlilfds and Its I)rogeny-not barring an accused from mi'lking an inilial election as to whether he will face the Stale's officers during questioning wi th the aid of counsel, or go It alone:' Signiricantly, justice White rejected the contemion that an Indicted defendant must be given more detailed advisements concerning the right to counsel than are con tainC.'d In the trad l. lional Miranda wilrnlngs, as follows: ''Whll t~! warnings ~u/f!ce for Mlf"nru's purt)()SM will al.o be ~ulfi eten! In the context of posl.lndlctmenl questioning." Dissenting. justice Blackmun CO nlended that, "The Sixth Amendmen t docs oot allOVi Ihe prosecution to take undue advantage of any g.lP between the commencement o( the adVCl'!Hlry process and the time ilt which counsel is appointed for a defendant." Also dissenting. Juslice Stevens, joined by just ces Brennan i1nd Marshall, argued that the formal Commencement of 3dvergrial proceed. Ings should constitule " "firm and unequivocal Hne" beyond which the stilte Cilorlot conduct priVilte intervil"N!i wilh a defend.lot.
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The Alahama 1.IHV)'Cr
307
Doc trine of Edw;uds v. Arizolla ex· tends to reintcrrogation c oncernin g same or different offen se s Arizona v. Roberson, No. 87-35 4, 56 U5 LW 4590 Uune 15, 1988)-May police question a suspect who already has in· voked hiS right to a Iilwyer'~ help if the OffiCCB' questions focus on a sepilrate crime! arId the officers did nOt knO\V abou t the suspect's reques!/ The Supreme Court, In a sl>:·lo·two decision, said no. The Justices refused 10 narrow criminal suspects' rights under the Court's land· mark Miranda ruling (lnd Its dl.'dsion in EcA...ards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 4B5-85. Edwards v. Arhona, supr,l, held tha t iI suspect who hu expressed his desire 10 deal wi th police only through counsel Is not subject to further Interrogation by the auth ori ties until counsel has been made <MIililble 10 him, unless the accused himself initiates further communiCil tion. The Supreme Court held thaI the "bright line" rule of EdwardS applil!'S to bilf poIIce-lnltiat(!{l Intcrrogatiol\ (ollowing a suspect'S request for counsel in the! context of a sc par~te Investigation. "Whether a contempl ated reinterrog.l' lion concerns the same or iI different of-
PATERNITY
fense, or whether Ihe same or different law enforcement authorities are in\lOlved in Ihe second in..-e5ti8<1Iion, the 5i1me need to determine whether the suspect hilS rcques tl.oQ counSl!1 e!xists," slOl ted Justice SIC\lCOS. The Justice added, "The police department's failure to honor that request (for thfee days) cannot be justified by the lack 0 1 diligence of a particular officer:'
Confrontation clause means what it says
Coy v. Iowa, Case No. 86-6757, 56 US LW 493 1 Uunc 29, 1988)- Does a oneway screening device used at \rialto keep the criminal defendant from the view of child witnesses wstiryin g i1Silinst him violate Ihe defend,mt's Sixth Amendment righ l '0 confrOnt hiS a(CurerS? The Supreme Court, In a six- tO-two d(!Cislon, said yes. Coy was charged wi th SCltually assault· ing two l3.year-oldgirls. At the defend· an1'~ trial, the Court grilnted the sl,lte's motion, pursuant to a 1985 state statute intcnd~ to prolect chi Id victims of se~ ual abuse, 10 plaee a screen between the
TESTING
I
defendant and the girl s during their lestimOr\Y, whi ch blocked him (rom their sight, but allowed him 10 see them dimly and hear them, The Iri~1 court rcj<.'Ct('d the defendant's argumCrlt that this procedure violated the confronttlliOr\ clause of Ihe Sixth Amer,dment; the Iowa SUo preme Court affirmed. Justice Scalia, writing (or the majority, reversed, statlr\g that the confrontation clause guarantees the defendilnt i'I "faceto-face meeting" with w itnesses appearIng before th e trier of fa ct, evC!n If that meeting llpse\s the tn.Jth fu l rapc victim or abused child. The Court reasoned that the "core guarantl!t:l" serves the gener,ll pcrccpllor\ that con fron tJtlon Is essential to fairness, and hell>S Insure the integrity of the fact-finding process by making It morc diWcul! for wi\flesses 10 ti e. In Coy, the ddendant'5 right tl) (<iCe-tOf\lcC confl'Qnt\llion was violated since the screen enilbled the complaining witnesses to il\lOid vk·wing the df!ff'r,dar\t as they 8a~ their tcstimony. The Court rejected as meritlcss the stale's assertion tha t its statute crea ted a presumption of trauma 10 victims of seKual abuse thaI outweighs the defendant's righl to confront,uion._
WE ARII YOUR COpy
CO~PANV
fOR CHILD SU PPO RT. PIIOBATi AND IMMI GRAT ION CASES.
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DIAGNOSTIC
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GENETICS Ino
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September 1988
MelE News Smith, Jr., of Hou510n County succeed
Wade H. lIaxky whose term as a member of the MelE Commission exIlired July 1, 1986; (2) Rl'Commendcd to the nominming committee of the board of bar commissioners (lnd the president that Phi1Up E. Adams be rCJppolnloo ;IS chairman of
Ihc MeLE Commission;
{Jl Approved the reprinting of the MelE Rules and Rcgu allons for distribulion to all members prior to the mailing of the 1988 ClE Iramoipts; (4) APIJ(OVi..>(i iI mil,ed·audlence sl.!mj· nilT on head Injuries for one elE credit;
by Keith B. Norman Olr(.'Cl or of Programs, Alabama SI.lte 8ar
The Mandatory ClE Commi~~ion held
its July 21, 1988, mt.'Cllng durlngthc Slille b", n~"I.!t i ng ilt the Wynfr~ Hotclln 61mlIngham. Al this meeti ng the Commission: (1) Recommended 10 the nominating committee of the boord of bar commissioners and the pres ld~nl Ihill Rufus R.
(S) Declined to appnMl an JpplicJlion
for elf accl'Cdi'iltlon based on the sponsor's failure to supply cow'S(> matcri;lis for Iht! Commission's rev,(!w; (6) Grantt,'<I the MeLE dlrt.'C!or authority to 1l11Prove a scmin;]! all financi al pl.mning for up to a maximum of four elE credit hours upon Ihed irCCIOr's receipt, review and appl'QVal of course materials; (7) DcclinM to apl)rO\lC for credit a ~minar on communiCiltlon skills b,lse<! on the (;let that Ihe seminar f.1l1ed 10 mret the requirements for in·house seminars; (8) Appro\lCd for SIX CLf credils a mixed·audience seminar on labor arK!
emplOyment law tha t had been t;lbled from the last meeting I>cnding receipt of evaluation summilry; (9) Approved for six eLE credits a mixed-audicnce seminar OIl construction law which had be'i!n tablt!(] from the last mccting pending the receipt of the eval· uation summary; (10) Approved, retroacthdy, an allpli. ca tion submitted by a sponsor for an an· tilrust seminar held in February t988, and walVt.>d, on a one-time basis, the requirement that the sponsor submit an l.....,'luatlon summOlry; (11) On ;lppea l by the Sponsor upheld the director's decision denying accredi· tation to a mixed·audience seminar in· volving the elemenlary a>pe<:IS of ac· counting which was not deslgnl.'CI pri· marlly for att orneys (lnd taugh t by certi· fied public account;tnts; (12) On appeal by the sponsor upheld the director's doclslQn (leoying accrcdl· Iill ion to a seminar concerning the kl· nesic technique of wilness Interviewing lind cross-exami nation on th e groundS that thli! program was nOI design(.'(1 pri· marily for attorneys and Ih<ltthe program and lIS male rials failed 10 focus on substantive legal Issues, •
Deadline For Annual License- Special Membership Dues )c
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Delinquent After October 31, 1988
The Alabama L':HY)'cr
109
Supreme Court of Alabama Office of the Clerk
NOTICE Briefs-number of COI)ies, color of covers, etc. Regular appeals-an original and four caples (I f addllional copies are required after submission, your of· fi ce will be notified). Rule 32, ARAP, provides for the following color of CO\IefS to be used on briefs, if .wall<lbll]-;lppellant/l:llvc, <lPpdlt>(>}rL>C, intervenor or amicus curl<lc/grf!cn, reply/gmy. (The rules do notlndlcatc a color for the Cc.Mlr of rehearing briefs, but white Is suggested.) (Certificate of service should con tain name, address, phone nunlber [lnd party rel>resented for all served.) Petition for writ of certiorari-an original ~ n d eight copies of the petition and support ing brief. No COlOr for covers is required, but if any colorod cover Is u$ed- petltionerlbluc, respondent/red. Petition fOr writ of lIl and;lmu~ an original and nine copies of the petition and supporting brief. (Cer· tificil te of service should con tain name, address, phone number and party represented for ') 11 served.) Petitio n
for perllli ss i on to original and nine copies of thl;! petition and support appeal-~n
310
ing brief. (Cenlflcate of service should contilin nilme, address, phone number ~nd P.lrty represent(.>d for all served.) Docket fees $100- ReguI1lr appe:.1 $ SO-Petition for writ of certiorari to court of civil <lppeals (No docket fee Is required on criminal cem.) $ 50-Petition (or writ of mJndJmus SSO- Petition for permission to appeal (If petition for permission to appeal is grantoo, an additional $50 Is due.)
Filing Pa,X!r5 shall be dCt!med filt.'<i on the day of mailing if certified, regis1ered or express mall of the United States Postal Service Is used. Rule 25(a), ARAP. Notice to th e trial clerk w hen appellee brief is filed Rule 311a}, ARAP, requires Ih,1I the appelJee giVC! notice 01 the filing of appellee's brief to the clerk t:lf th e trial court. Compllarl(C with this rule is necessary for the trial clerk to know when to forward the rC(:ord on appeal 10 the appellate court.
Ex tension of time for filin g briefs
on appea l One sevcn..(lilY extension of time, as provided by Rule 31(d), ARAP, may Ix! gr(lnled for the appell,mt's brief, the appelle 's brief and the appellant's reply brief. Request for extension will be gramcd over the telephone; however, the extension must be confirmed In wrlting to this office, stating the exact date YO(Jr brief is due, and a copy of the confirmation lener sent to opposinK counsel. For extensions, cil ll 5h<lrt:ln M Clain, Rebecca Norris, Diane Dennis m Louise LivingSton.
Second copy of record on appeal or appendi x Rule 30, ARAP, rectuires thill thl;! parties file either an appendix or a second copy of the r'CCord on appeal. Thi s ru le must be coml>lIed wi th before a c(lse can be submitted 10 the court for il decision . If YOIl pl,m 10 usc Ihe second co/yy of Ihe record on apPcil/, you should make arrangements with the clerk of the circuli cuurl 10 photocopy 1110 recold for yOlI before the original record on ap. pc.ll is .sent 10 /his of/ice. •
September 1988
Memorials AUwln Thomas Agee-ChickaS.1W
""mined: 1938 Died; April 18, 1988 Do nilld William Davls- 8irmingham Adml u<..'(!: 1967 Died ; July 25, 1988
William Edw,ud Guitian- Huntsville Admitted: 1979
Died: July 1&, 1988 Hcrbtrl Dou81.. ~ I<m es, Ir.- Annislon Admint'(l: 1970 Died: lune 11, 1988
AIIWIN T. AC,ft W HEREAS, AUwln T. Age(! wa s born in Mobile, Alabama, May 21, 1916, and lived his life In S~!f'li CC to his communi· ty and 10 his profession. WHEREAS, Ihe W.abUe Bar Association to remember his name and to ft.'(ogni!C his contribu tionS to our profession and 10 thi s community; and
de~ircs
WHERF.AS, Ihe Mobile Bar Association desires to remember his name and to rccogl1lJ:£l his contrib(ulons to our l)rOo (csslon and to thi s community; and WHEREAS, 011 the time 01 his de",h Ihls association WitS preparing to honor Mr. !\gec for 50 ~;IIS of dedil;.1ted service to the Mobi le Bar;
Willia m Brya n McAfee- Oecollur Admiued : 1927 Died : N()\II;!mber 21, 1987 Willia m Bailey Reneau- Wetumpka Admiut.>d: 1948 01('<1 : August 5, 1988 Leo Arthur Smith, Jr.-MolJile AdmUted: 1958 Died: June 9, 1988
Thomas Jefferson WesI, lr.-8Irmlngnam Adml ncd : 1949 Dil.'<l : Febru<lry 23, 1986
NON, THEREFORE, BE IT KNOWN, th;1I Allwin T. Agee dep."tcd this life April 18, 1988, and had been a IUelong resident of thi s dty. He roceived his element.1ry education in its public schools, grarluJting from M urphy High School. He attended the U n j~~ rsi t y of AI.lbama, where he cJ rncd a bachlJlors degree in 1936 and L.l. B. degree In 1938. In tha t same year he enten.'d Ihe privJle Ilractice 01 law in Moblle as a sole practitioner and con,inve<! in Ihat I)OS. tl,He umllthc slart of World Wolf II . He served his COUlllry during tha t conflict In tho Unllt'(! Stales Army in Iho Counter Intelligence Corps of the Mllilary tn. telligence Division In the (uropean thelller of oper,Uion. AI the conclusion of the WJr he relurned to his praCTice in Prichard unm
,Ill
1956, al whi ch lime he \'I('Ilt InlO part· nership with Jim Meriwether where he practiced actively until 1981, when he seml·retired. For more Ihan 40 years, Aijl.-'C wa s ac· tlve In the ci vic and cultural affairs of this community. t"le served for milily years as chairman of Ihe Salvation Army Mvlsory Bo.lrd and for 20 ~ars tiS chairman 01 the local Selective Service Boord. He was the Municipal Court Judge for the City 01 Prichard from 19n·197S. In 1968 his participation was rt.'Cognlzed ptlblidy when he received the then-cqulv.llelll of the M.O. Beale Scroll of Merit and In 1972 when he received the United FUild iIWilrd. Si nging W,lS oolh il hoblJi as well as an avoc'lIion for Agee. He WilS proud 01 his active membership in the Mobile Opera Guild where for more than Ihrt."f;l decades his voice wa s heard In numer· ous productions as a member of both caslllnd chorus. He also sang frequent. Iy in mJny local churches Jnd synJgogues at weddings and other services. I-Ie is survived by his wife, Constilnce Shacdler Ag~; two c;hildren, Cilpl. Robert Allwin Agee, who lives In 'fuscaloosa. Alabama; lind Mrs. Don Faile, who resides In Mobile; and three grandchildren. Unlllhis death, he and his wife eniC¥!d the peace .1nd quiet of their sum· mer home 011 Magnolia Springs. - Sam\lel L. StOC~m illl , President, Mobile Bar AssocIation
Hi\I~RY
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YOlJNL DlMPSH , III
On May 21, 1968, H. Youn g Dempsey, III, of Daphne, Alabama, died after an C)(. tended Illness. The bend l and b." of the 28th judicial Circuit mourn the loss of this ootstandlng allornl.'Y, cililen and friend. Young graduated In May 1975 from the Unl ....mslty of Alil1J<lmil School of Law. He served as an assistilnt attorney general (rom ,hat lime until 1979 when he nlO'.«J to Daphne, Alabamll. imd sct up a private practice In Baldwin County where he workt'd until his death.
3 11
On M il)' 13, 1988, YOl,lng Wi.l S ek'(ted president of the Baldwin COl,lnty Bar Associa tion. No one was mor(! proud of or honoroo by Ihis IIchlevcm('rll lhan Young. Obviously, this selection as presiden t spoke high ly 01 how th e Bald w in Coun· ty Bar Association fel t of hi s abilities as <I I<lw yer. Young WilS il member of the Bil ldwin and Mobile County b.lr associa· tions and the AlabaOl<l Triallllwyel'S Assoclarioll. He a'so was 11 member of the Eastern Shore Scrtoma Club. Those who knew Young knew how hard he always tried to make things bet· ter for the people around him. He WJS a man wi th a briUiilrlt mind and the abili· ty 10 communicate with people of all walks of life, who always Wi.l~ wi lling 10 help no m.lller h()I.V big or how sma!! a person's probl<!m mlghl be. Young was mo st concerned wi th the commurllty in which he lI\1Cd and rarely missed a mee ting where the welfare of the com· m unity, friend s, client s or colleagues were con cerned. Young faced h is ill ness w il h greal (ourage, determina tion, strength and dignity. BOrtlln Jacksonville, Alabllm'l. ( Ill Jnn· uary 27, 1950, hI! is survIved by his wife, Becky Dempsl"'t'i a daughter. Katie Finch Dempsey; two Slep d,lughters, Cl ssy and Jenny Bedgood; his mother, Anne Cal)' J;!!,;ol), and step (ilther, Clyde H . Jacob, of Norfolk, Virgi ni;:r; and hi s grandmother, M rs. Willter I..Ce of Jllcksonvi llc, Aillbllmr'l. The w riter had the honor llnd privilege of prJctici ng law with Young since Feb. fUMY 1986 ,lIld becar"!lc his law partner irl M ay 1987. The writer saw, on a daily basis, h i~ love for the law and his fellow man, ';l nd !O the !ife of H . Yo(mg Dempsey, I say "job wet! done." - w. lIcall y PearSon, SIl'm ish Fort, Alabilma
Ber t's family, many hends and the leg,,1pro(csslorl h~ ~ uffe red iI great loss with the all-too.cllrly passing of thi s kind and sensitive man . - H, WJ yne love, Anniston, Alabama
WilliAM nRYAN M( AfEE
"tlItHI!! D J()~I"' , lit
Herbert D. Jones, Jr. , of Anni ston died June 11, 1988. He wa s 42 years old. Bert was born in Clay Coun ty, Florida, and earned his und ergraduate degree (rom the Universi ty of Ark'm sil~ <lnd Iilw degree from the University of Alab~ma. After receiving his law degree, he derked for U nited Statc$ D istrict Judge Virgil Pillmlln. In 1972, he moveclto Anrli ston to join the firm now knOWn as Burnham, Kll nefeiter, Halsey, jone~ & Ca ter. In hi s career, Belt eamed the respect of the bench and bar as one of th e most respec ted ilnd brill ian t of the IttWyers In the area. Specializing in the defense and governmental practit:e of law, Bert wa s known for his honesty and Sinceri ty <lnd knowledge of the Illw. Bert also was a devo ted family marl. H is wi fe, Gall, a member of the Alab<lma Stilte Bar and profcssor of business l"w ti t JackSOrwllle Sta te University, and their son, Craham, were the center of his life.
The bench "nd bar of the ath Judicial Circu il mourn the loss of a distingui shed senior member, Judge Willi,lm Bryan Mc· /\fee. Judge M cAfee wa s oorn on the 8th day of OClOber 1900 and pimed away the 21st d ay of November 1987. He was the son of Jordan Walker Mc· Afee and M ary Fr~J1ces M~rtin McAfee of Cullman, Cullman County, Alabilmil . McAf~ gradU1r.ter:1 from Albany H igh School llnd allcnded the Universi ty of Alabama 1.1w School, receivIng (In loloB. dcgree in 1927.
Aftcr graduation he 1)lacticed I~w In Dec<llllr, AlabilJ11a, with Wilde Wrigh t, and served i1 ~ lin offi cer of MlllUal S;:r.... ings life Insurance Company. Following actiw Scrvi(:(! dLJring World War n, he servctl il S register in ch~ncery (or 22 yeal'S arId IMer waSappointl.'d probate judge by Governor Albert P. IJr~r, to fill Ihe UneXI)!red term of Judge te. Almon . In 1972 he was elected lind servt.>d il total of six years as judge of prob.ne of Morgilf1 County.
He w~s a Mason and a Shriner. H is 10l1g record of public service wa s recog· nlzed by Pr(!$ident Ron~ld Reagan for dcvoted <lnd sel fless service in the $ervice of hi s coun try.
Please Help Us ... W e have no w ay of k n owing w hen one o f our mem bershi p is deceased un less we are no tified. Do n o t wai t fo r someone else to d o it; if you k now of th e d eath of one of our members, p tea se le t us know. M em orial i nformation must b e in writin g w ith name, retu rn address and telep hone number.
3 12
Scplcm/,)f,)r 1988
He and Martha Prlci)c were married in Decatur, Alabama, on the 8th day of Oc· lober 1946, He W3S (I member of Cen· Irill Methodist Chun;h, Decatur, Ala·
barna, "nd seJ"'.'ed On the board of stewards for r'l'Hl rly years. He Is survived by his wife, two sisters and a brother. - B. Allison Blackburn,
Secretary. Morgan County Bar Association
1\'\1""
\In , I~
WHEREAS, James l. May, Jr., died on the 12th day of March 1988, JUSt six days before he was to haYe been honored by the Mobile Bar A~sociil,ion (or his 50 years of service to our profession; and
WHEREAS, the Mobile Bilr Asso<:l alion
dl!Sires to remember his name and 10 rccogni1c his service to our profeSSion and 10 his communi!)'; and WHEREAS, Jimmy had prepared a "Csume to be used In conjunction w ith I'1C honor to have been bestCM'(.'d upon him by this associa-
tion, and the accomplishmentS about which he was most proud should best be told by Jimmy; NOW, THEREFORE", BE IT KNOWN, that James lill ie May, Jr., was bom 11'1 Mobile il'l 1914 and t..>ducated In the pub. lie schools hem. He altendt..'(1the University of Alabama, where he eilmed iI bachcior of science delree In commerce and business adminiSTraTion and a l.L.B. degree in 1938, While at the UnlV(!rsity of Alabama he worked sill·hour shifts at the old Druid City H051)lIal shovelling coal hI the boil!!r room for two years, then as assistant 10 Iho bookkeeper, earn· ing $20 per month, room and board. In 1938 he entered thc private I)ractice of law for two years, then became assocla· ted with the law finn of MCCOf\IC'Y, Mc· leod, Turner and Rogers until February 1942, when he WilS inviled to enter the United Stat($ Army. After training. he was assigned to the Counter Intelligence Coq)S of the MiIltllry IntCUigence Divi. sion and served as sl>l.'Clal agent in charge of Ihe Counter Intelligence Corps in Cas,lblanca, French Marroco. aftOf serving as special agent in North Africa, Ir,lq, iran an(l the nea1by countries. Ul)On gelling Ollt of the Army Nove,lIber 9, 1945, he rt.'su med his position with
MCCorvey, Turner and Roge~ and 00came a partner several years later. He married P....1ric!a Booker exactly one year 3(ler the da te of his discharge (rom the Army so he v«luld nMrforgct their wed· ding anniversary, and he didn't. He IcilllCS surviving him not only his wife, P,lt, but also a son, James L. M.'l)', III, Uving in Mobilt"', a daughter, Palrida M, Sayre, who II~ in Marietta, Georgia, and three gr,lndchlldrcn. For <10 years he was ACtive In civic work, and sel'\ll'd as president of Ihe Mobite Junior Chamber of Commerce, the Civitan Club o( Mobile, two PTA or· gani:cations, Goodwill Industries of the Mobile Area, Inc., which he helped or· ganlze in 1957, a MArdi eras orgimiutlon ;Jnd thc Athelstan Club, He served several years ogo as Mtlonal chancellor of his college fraterni ty, Pi Kappa Phi , He was il member of Dau· phin Wiry United Methodist Church and st!rvt.'fI on its board of steW-lids, w.lS a 32 dcgree Mason and se~>d as a truslee of WeSt Mobile Masonic Tem;>le Association , He was mosl proud of having Ix.'i!n <Il1owcd to serve a few years ago as president of the Mobile Bar Association. At thc time of his death, May was almost completciy retired (ronl the active practice of 1(1W and was of counsel 10 Johnstone, AdJms, Bailey, Gordon and Harris. Until his dealh he led an actlV(! IIfc and cniOyl.>d ~n1e traveling with his wife, playing golf, fi shing, doing II IInle
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The Alabama Lawyer
Singl~
For more information write Or call colleCI your neare,1 office.
313
church work, a little yilrd 'NOrk.1rld beIng with friend>. Now, TH EREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by Ihe Mobile Rar Association, in reguI{lr mcctln~ duly assembled, thil t the life of jijmeS L. May, Jr., was Ihat of a k ind· heilrtOO, warill-spirited, compassiona te ,:>erson, as well as lawyer; Ihilt Jirnr'l'lY was a fd end to morc people than mo~t of us ever know; Ihal he enjoyed being with people ,inti [X!Opl(> cnjoyed being with him; that he w~s a good citizen as well as a 8000 law}'l!t; and that all who knew him w(>rC belli'!' people for it.
SmUh was born in Birmingham, AI .. barna, M<lrch 3t, 1920. He illlcnded the public schools in Jcffel'$Oll COUllly, gr.. duillinglll 1936 as class Yillcdictorlan from the West End Iligl1 School. l' le gr<ld. uiltcd from the Uni~rslty of AlabOllKlln 1948, attended Howard College (now Samford Universi ty) In Birmingham, {lild gradu.lted (rom the ~irmin8ham School of L{lW class of 1956, as class wlloolctori{ln; and, as outstllllding graduot(> of the 1956 clilSS, he was the recipient of the "Conl!ressn1,1f\ George Huddlestoll" Award.
- Silnlud l. StMkman,
As a meml:>er of the Unitt.>d S t ate~ Armed Forces, he served honor<lbly In the United St,ltes Army, holdinl! the r;1I\k of second liC(lIen{lnt, ilnd commanded vn Infilntry unit for the 4th Infan try Diyi· sion durinK Wortd W,lr II, during which he participated in the Normandy Inll,lsioll "D" D'ly. He was awarded five Bronze Stars for his I)artldpatloll in the Normtlndy, NOrlher~ Frallce, Ardennes, Rhincl:md ond Cermal Europe em\p<ligns. Addl!lonally, he W;lS aw~rded the AmerlCiln Theater Medal, the Victory Mcdalllild Belgium's fourragere Medal.
President, Mobile DoH AssoclllUon
FolIO'NinS his honorilble dis<:hi.lfl!e (rom the Army In 1946, he was employed by the Army in Frankfllrt, Germany, as ~ ci yilian "dminiS\f{llive assist{lnt. Fmm 1946 to 1962 he was employed by the U.S. Sted Corpor;!ti!)n in Birll1illghllm. .. [) ,\lOIUm <,\1I1H , JH .It I~ fin ing al thi ~ time Ihilt we pa(lsc in honor to the memory of the late Leo Arthur Smilh, JI., who depar1l.'C.i thi s life In Mobile, Alabama, on th e 9th dllY ()f June 1988.
Richard Wilson & Associates Registered Professiona l Court Reporters 17 M ildred Street M on tgomery, AI;lbama 361 04
264-6433 314
Smith I>racticed law in Birmingham (rom 1956 to 1962 and theretlft cr ioint.>d the low firm of Engel & Smith In Mobile, where he continued in the wa ctice o( li1w until his rCtirement III 1963. He was a member of the Mnerlcan, Alobama State ilnd M obile bar associa ti ons,
American Legion, VFW, ClyUan Club of Ensi<...,. and Rotary Club of Mobile. Smith witS {In <lble l(JWyer possessed of il quiet dignity, sincerity ,lnd in!egrity whi ch were outstilnding. In his own Quiet, gl'ntie way, he pUr!ued h i~ client's objectives, yet alw.ws stri ved to meticu· lously sloy within the oounds of ethical consi derations. He was ~ Christi an gen· tll)man, (I comp(lssion"te, devoted husb<lnd and father who will be gleiltly missed l1t his widow, Nicole; his son, Dr. Conrad l(!() Smith; his sl~tl!rs, Sue Smith Gl;155, Marg<lrct Smith McRee and Gladys Smith Spall\; by olher rcl ativc s oud by his many (riend s, to;l1l of whom we extend O\lr sincere and deepest sympa thy.
-Samuel L. Stockm;ln, President,
Mobile Bar Assocliltion
These no ti ces (Ire published immediately after reports of death are received. Biogr£lphic:allnformation not appearing In thi s Issue will be publi $hed al a later date If Information is accessible. We ask you to promptly report the death of an Alabama attorney 10 the Alabama State 6iJr, .md we would appredate your assist· ance in providing biographicJllnforma· tion for The Alabama Lawyer.
Forensic Meteorology & Oceanography NASH
c. ROBERTS, JR.
CONSULTANTS, INC.
hQ oyer 40 yeora expedence In 10ren,1c meteorology and 10ren,1c oceanography. We h~Ye a , tllff of mature and experienced scient I,,, with Impeccable credentials In all 01 the atmospheric and oc:eanogr~1c: disciplines. These nationally recognized professionals are capable of conducting InvoiYed Inyestl~ations. reconslrucllng weather and marine condiHons any· where In the world, and ale eminently qualified to appear in exper1tes:imony.
Air Qua lit y·· Water Qunlily •. Hydrology 1040 Nonh Rampan 51.
New Orlellls, LA 70116
(504) 581·1688
Scplcmber 1988
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I~=====;::=======l-;;,~ i"~,:'"~I;'i;:"~I:"~C;;"~V~'~A~'~":IO;my;;,;~I~·, OW;:;:,;O -r.qcornmcrcli\1 ;";i""::work int(lW.coq>oriltc, bU51nes5 and FO~ SALE Try a Crimi n,,1 Cast:!; Proof, Pcrsunsion, 5.1lmy ;md benefits nuRcport'i/Appellale Reports, AI;:Jbamil
and Cross-Examinatior,; McClinloch on E<lulty. Contact C. Lt\loir Thonlpwn (205) 937-7487.
Codl', Southern Rl'porter lSI & 2d, Southern Dlgcst and more. SAVE 3().6() percent. ~ buy, sell & trade. LAW BOOK EXCHANGE (800) 325-6012 P.o. Box 24990, J.lcloonville, Florida 32241· 4990.
FOR SA LE: Alabama Dlgcst with 1988 pocket l)arts In excellent condition. Conlad Oan Gibson, 2918 71h Street, TuscalOO5.l, Alabama 35401. (205) 7535521 .
fOR SALE: Used 11lW books- Alabilrnll
FOR SALE: AI.II);lma specific software on coml)uler disk. Now available In the (ollowlng areas of the law; civil proc..>. dure, criminal pre-trial motions, Inter· rog.1tOrles, corpor.a!ions, DUls, probJte forms. Availnbte in Y\Ordstar, Iht>rdpcr. fe<:l , Dlsptaywrite 2&3, Wang PC, Mul· tima!e and othcrword processors upon r1.'<IUCSI. Available In 514 OSDD and 3\11 disk (ormats. Inquiries welcomed. Vlsa/MC accepted. LAWTECH, P.O. Dox 59903, Hirrllingham, Alabama 35259.
WANTED TO BUY: Alab.'1ma Digl!sl, Southern 1st and Southern 2nd In good condition . Contacl lynn Biles. li· brarian, P.O. Dox 1354, Bay Minette, Alab<tma 36507. (205) 937-2372.
FOR SALE: used 1[lW books-Alabama Digcst, Southern Reporter, Alaooma Reports, Aillb.lma Supreme Court Rcport5, Aillooma Appellllle R(oporl$, W;rrds lmd PhrOlSCS, Alaoom.) Codc. Contact War· ren S. Reese, Jr. (205) 263-7501, p.o. Box 224, Montgomery, Alab.lma 36 101.
OFFICE SPACE FOR LEASE: Downtown Birmingh1lm, l!x~f;lltl:1nt Icx;arion, well dccoral(.>d, receptionist, telephone scr... lce, law library, conferon ce room, kllchen, copier, ample pmking. secretary negotiable or suite wlo secreta ry. Call (205) 25 1·6666 for more informa· tion.
FOR SALE: Southe rn Reponcr; Sourhern RepOrll'f 12d Series); Shcp.1ld's Alab1l ma CI\1I rlon5; Modern Lcg<J 1 FOrms; Alabama Rules of Civil Proct... dure Annota ted; AI:rbama ConStitution Annotaled; Alabarna law Review; Proof of Facts; Trials; Code of Alabama; Plcadlng and Praclice Forms; Trial I-Iandbook for Aiaooma lawyers; Text· book of Materia \l\c(liC.l; Alabama OJ· 'YOKe, Alimony and Child Cuslody with Forms; Corpus Ju ris Secundum; Moo· ern Federal Praetl (! DigcM; Words and Phrases; Messages and PalX!rs of Ihe Prcsldent Alabama Ju ry instructiorls; U.s. Congressiol);ll and Admlnistr,ltlvc Nt.'WS; and it number of books on spc.
The Alabama Lawyer
WANTED
gotiable. Firm resumiJ illiallilbic In Placement O rne!!. Please suumit CUfrent resunW, law school and graduate
tax progrJrn transcripts, three rclerences, post.hlgh school history of emptovmcnt and curren! WIlling s;arn· pic (if ilvailable) 1o Law Firm, P.O. 80x JOCJS, TuscalOO$d, Alabama 35403. ATTORNEY JO OS- National and Fed· croll Legal E'mploymctl! RCI>orl: high. Iy res.1rdt.'(! monlhly del1llk'(11I 51lng of hund~$ Qf altorrlt.'Y lind law-rctatt.'tI Jobs with U.S. COIICrnment, othN publidprivate employers In Washington, D,C., throughoul U.S., and abroad. $30-3 months; $53- 6 nlonlhs. fed· crill Reports, 1010 Vermont AYe., NW, ' 408-AB, Washington, D.C. 20005. (202) 393-33 11 . Vi S-l /MC.
FOR RENT
THR EE·OFFICE SU ITE AVAILABLE 1M· MEDIATELY, plU5confcrcnce room, 1[lW library, receptionist, tIC lilies, frcc park· Ins. janitorial services. loc.l tl>d on Scon Stn:clldowntown hi$IQril; fesrori\lion, onc block from county and (l>dcfill coulloouse5. Call Gene Beck, (205) 263-7707.
POSITIONS OFFERED TAX ATTORNEY for Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Iilw firm . CQl1ce01ri\llon in corporatc and Indi ... idua l taxation ilnd t.lx practice and procedure; also fl....
OPPORTUNITIES IN ATLANTA-Nu· merous openings In Allilllta in all prac· lice areas for lIHorncys IlI1d p~ raleg.lls. Candidall.'S must hll\IC outslanding academic llOd I)rofcsslonill credentials. Alt replies kept siriclly coofidcnlial. Contact Sus.ln Penny Cohen, Cal)!!al City legal Placement, Suile 200, 133 Carnegie W.lY, Alianta, Georgia 30303 (404) 525.Q725. ATTORNEY REFERRAL: NtorrlCys need· ed for referrill of insur,lnce company ~u broga r ion lind premium coltcctlon cases through iI nilllonl1l l1s50ciation. For irlformation calt 1.80().237-3405 Qr write lAS. Co.s, P.O. 80x 769, Wil· mlngton, Oelaware 19899. AVoRATED LAW FIRM with general civil l)r<JClice seeks associate wilh legal or business experlencc In banking, barlkfU I)lcy or commerclill Ir,lnsaCllons. Arilly 1(1 P.O. Dl,)x 2453, Hun ts ... ilte, Alabama 35804.
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Classified Notices ATLANTA 10YS AVAILAHlE-l:nhancc income. Sucngrhen sk ills in $Oph isti.
ca tl..'(\ practice. LAWSEARCH SOUTt-lAtlanta's "Three Star" l egal Recruiter (Hi ghest Rarlng- 1988 Ameri can lawyer Survey of Legal Rccruiters) can open dOOf5 10 Quality Allanta positions, 5<.-ek· ins: superior credentials; 1-5 yeilf'S of experience (all ~pe(iil lty areas). tntCNiLOWing in Birmingham/Montgomery in laIC Seplcrilbcr. Ser~d ~uniilln confidence. lo is Oakley. Esq., 300 Ga lleria P;Hkw,l Y, Suite 400, Allanta, Georgia 30339. ATIQRNEY POSITION AVAILABLE for Dothiln Region of Legitl Services Corporation of Ahbama. Poverty l<rw ~per
lenCC preferred, but not required. $20.296-$35,172 , DOE. Send resume and writing sample 10 Steven D. Cal(»,. Managing Allorney, legal Scryice§ Corpor.ltion of Alabama, 161 South O .. tcs Street, Dothan, Alabama 36301.
ENTRY LEVEL LEGAL ASSOCIATE for Tuscaloosa, Alabama, law firm . Concentr.. tion in corporJte, bu siness and commercial law and business litiga.lon. SalMY and benefits nego.iable. Submit current resume, law school transcript, three references, post-high school his· 'ory of emlJloymcnt and current writing sample (i f available) to Law Firm, P.O. Box 3095, Tusc:aIOOS:I, Alabama 35403.
POSITIONS WANTED ALABAMA LICENSED AnORNEY with II years' c~perien ce st>eks I)oSl tion In Birmingham, Alabama, o r surroundin g i1re(l in il lillY firm or corporilte law d epartmenl. Experienced in trial work, worker'S compensation, real properl y, COrpor']lc, commercial and bankin g and criminal law. Resume provided upon re(IUcsl. Rel>ly to 635 Ridge R(hl d, Birmingham, Alabama 35206.
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SERVICES EXAMtNATION OF QUESTIONED DocumQnIS- Handwriting. typewritin g and rel<lred ex..'mln<lti on~ Intcm<ltionaliy cOurt-quilllflcd expert wl1ness. Dlplomatc, American Board of Forcnslc Doc· ument hJmlner5. Member: American Society of Qucstionoo Document bam· iners, .he Internati onlll Assacilllian far Iden.ifica tion, the Bri .ish Forensic Science SocielY and the Nation,, 1Associa tion of Criminal Defen se l..1WyerS. Retired Chief DocUl~lC!lt EKamlner, USA CI Laoor., torics. H.lns Mayer Gidioll, 218 Mcrrymo nt Drive, Augusta, Georgia 30907, (404) 860-4267. LEGAL RESEARCH HELP-Experienced attorney, member of Al abama State Bar since 1977. Access to law s(;hool and slate law libraries. VVestlaw available. Prompt deildline service. S3S/l10llr. Sarah Kathryn Farnell, 112 Moore Bui lding, Montgomery, Alabama 36104, 262·7763 or 277-7937. h~ Jeffer· son and Shelby cOl.mties, call free: 322· 4419. No rcprcsen!a!ion;s mllde ilOout
76140, Birmin~ha m, Alabama 35253. Pho ne (205) 870,5858. POLICElI'R I VATE SECURITY LITIGATION-Former senior 1)Olice offici!!1 (Flo rid" (lnd Michigan) and t;ollegc instruCtor experienced In law enforce· ment/private securi ty standards aud practices. Over 3S years' experience with federal state, county, municipal Ilnd pri v,l tc secu rity systems. NAPS and CliP ce rtifi ed. W.J. lougheed, P.o. Box 4 14, DeL.lnd, Florida 327"21, (904J 734-
675R. LEGAL INVESTIGATIONS for attorneys and insu rance companies. Our firm spt.'cializC5 in accident and oockgfOllnd irMlSti 8<'ti on, business <I nri insurance fraud , dectronlc and general surveilIlInce, child custody cases, trial preparation assistance il1ld video photography. References 'lV.1i1able ul>on rC<juest. Jim Daniel, Mark II & Associ ates, P.O. Box 360171, Birmingham, AI.lbama 35236-
0171, (205) 985-0389.
Ihe qualiw of .he le8,,1 services 10 be performed or the experfise o(lhe lawyer ~rf()rmins $1Ir;/1 51Orvices.
EXPERT W ITNESS ASSISTANCE and case evaluations In Med ica l Oncology (cancer) and l'lematolo!!y (d iseases of blood). Fast service. Able to travel. Medica l school assistant p rofessor. Richard J. L.lnham, M .D., Inc. 42 For· rer Road, Dayto n, Ohio 45419. phone (513) 294-3165 anytime. UROLOGIST, FORENSIC-experl. enced, boards, professor. M .D. , J.D., Phone (3 14) 362-7340. LOAN CLOSING STATEMENTS (com· liuteri:l;(.>ci on H .U.O. form) with dis· bursement and amortlza!1on schedules. Guaranteed . Sa me day service. Nom inal cost. Free trial. Klol and Co., Box
Give This Copy To Your Secretary. Seplember 1988
How ():'o SlJve Steps On Your 'Next QJUlJiji&4tion! B egin with a call to your local C T office. We'USU\ 'C you time, effort and money every step of the way. Here's how: •
Be(ore You QuaHry Your Corpol1ltc Client . We1l give you (ur!'tnt inform:ltion
on SWlUtOry ~ull1!mcnt$. On Inillal nnd nnnuni '~I~. On IICtunJ Mate pmclicea nnd procedUre!. On pennldCll (or Cul[ure to qualify. On report lind t!iX 5IlVi ngli thllt can be effccted by timing the flling. We'lInlso $Uggcst whot to do In C(l~ of !lllme conmCta. And how to expedite your 01lngg. Our pre·quullOcmlon planning services
in some c:lSd-of Inltlol re5Cllrch time nnd Cfi,smy delnys.
will saVII; you hour5-dIlY~
wm help you nvoid unnce·
• During the Assignment. Once you de<:ide (0 qU<l!i(y y(lur client, we'll wke the whole job off your hflnds, no! juStlh, filing. From verifying lind l"t."iCI'vlng the corpomtc nnme, compiling pnlkr5, obtill n!ns requirro chllrter document5, to mins paperJ.
handling reoordlng And publication. when n~lry - you cnn ~nd on C r~ li!!!!l qualifICAtion services !o gel the job done
quickly, :lCCum!ely and;u a chufi1: which i~ Ics.s th.,n what it would COM you or your Maff to hoodle: thC' job YOlln;c:lf.
A.fu/riI'/" (1IIll fificllfiolls! No one has more experil":l'I«:-or is bello!!' equipped-in coordin:uing ,hI": demils of multiple qua lin· Clltions with vnrious 5t:ue department offices Ihan you r 001 C T office. For Ihis ~uson. attorney5 lIod their pamlegals h .. ~ ~1ied on C T to hondle over .50% of the qualillca:lonlllh,1I Inke place in !he Uni!ed StOles nnnually.
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• Afte r thc Qualificatio n , Appoint C T Slalutory pTOCdS agcnt In ~ry 'IUle:. With C T l'IS your ag~nt. you I":lu) ~ otiurtd an experienced. prore5llionn] ~nt will be there to receive und forward procl:55. and Ih:u your ellem will receive uniform, timely nnte tox nod ~t In(orrnmion (Of 1111 6lutl'S In which they UR! doing bo~ind$. Remember. for tOtul service, total rdinbiliW. when.:v.::r you nl'Cd to qUAlify u corpomle client, mnke your first step n call to your [ocul C T rcpR!5Cntntive. r'Or complct~ details on our ([uallficmlon/ rcpn:1IC:mmlol\ services, JU~l llCnd us Ihis coupon.
---e--C T CORPORATION SYSTEM l l'uthl lft Stlftl N.W.• Adlnll, GA 10)8) - l H: lo8OOo1.n ,S814 SC.TWII 1M IqaI pt'(I{mlOf'lll>l«' /891 A.I'A" .• .......... . (.~, ... . c, .. ,."'" _ _ . Co • t... A ..... .
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r-I I c or, 'H,,~ IIl1; how helpful C' ''. qu~lifi~mJol\l I relllaCntAtion IIC!rvico con be on my nC'Xt A~ign · I mem. Send nle n fll.'C copy of your booIclcts lVllell lo u QUillif), And I'rof('.(.~ imllll C T I SlIIwlOry lte" rcSCflffllloll today. I
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