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[ JMajor Medical [J Disabili ty Income [ JLire Insurance (Amount ) [ JBusiness Overhead [ ]Hospital Indemn ity SEPTEMB~:R

1993 / 28 1

IN

BRIEF Volume s., Numbt. 5

ON THE COVER: James fl. ' Spud" Seale. the newly ·installed president of the Allhama State Bar. is shown with his family in thf P~troru' Room 0111-.. ~bama S~kuptare FuhVll in Montgomery. f irst lady Nancy is to the left of Spud. !Mi. children, seated left to right. are Shelby, 23. Milrg.1.rrt. 14. and Brooks. 21. -~&, Cill.o/AlIimIQ

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282 1SEP'TENBER 1993

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TH E ALABAMA LAWYER

PRESIDENT'S PAGE

III

I~ke this opportun ity in this fiut "Prnidont'.

Pa,ge" 10 thank }IOU, tht members of lilt Alabama State Bar. for giving me the pri>'ilege to seIV. as your president. I look forward to an exciting year

and. wilh your help. I am Sure it will be successful.

The "President'. Page" of The Alabama IAwver has been used by my predeceMOrs to comment on mat~ .. of interest to the bar in genenl and the president. r will continue this precedent, but 1 also wanl to use this space to lell you some facts and h;'lory about our state bar association I hope you will find in teresting. In subsequent artides I will d i = the

formation of our state bar. its operations and OUr stat. oonvention .

Our state bar association servu i111lawyers in this slate. If I could convince the lawyers of OUr state of this on< fact, and that WaS the only thing I accomplished in my Y'ar as your president, then I would consider my term as president to ha"" been succ=· ful. I was a member of the bar commis,ion for six )'I'ars before assuming this office. and I can unequivoally say that the lawyers elected to ~rvf as bar com· missioners. when sitting as bar commissioners. have uniformally acted in the best intorest of all lawyers in the state of Alabama. r realize I lound lih the prove,bial broken record, bUI I want 10 emphasi~e that this bar association rep. restnls alilawy..s in the state of Alaba· rna. The Alabama Stat. Bar must not become embroiled in the policies of any special int eresl group. Such action would be divisi"e and injurious to ou r association. I think our association has done an outstand ing job of avoiding speSpud cial interest politics and we must con· tinue to <10 SQ, ! hope the.. is no iMue. irrespeeti,.. of the magnitude. which you feel ought to be brought to the at\enlion of lhe statt bar that you cannot call and discus> with me. Thi. is your bar 34IOCiation and 1 encourage both your participation and input regarding our activities. Please fe.1 free to call me to discuss your concerns and make suggestions regarding our associalion. My telephone number in Montgomery is 834·7000 and if I happen to be out. please ask for IIl}I ~cretary. Wyon Wamn, and leave your message with her.

I cannot discus> our .tate bar as.sociation withoullelling you how tlceedingly fortunate we are 10 ha'.. the staff We have. As your president·elect. I ha"" had the opportunity to visit with marlji of the executive directors and staff mtmbers of other bar as.sociation. and to disclllS with officers in oth..

284 1 SEPTEMBER 1993

state bar associations pr .... ing i... u.. confronting their bars.

The number of bar associations facing problems with their ..«utive director and staff are too numerous to mention and I cannot ten you how blessed we are to have the prof.... ional staffw. ha"•. Reggie !lam"" •. Bob Noni. and Keith Norman.

JUS! to mention a few. are among the finest. if not the fin ..!. in the nation. The .ntire staff works diligently to stTV\l and meet the needs of our lawyers and. in my opinion. the}' per· form in an oulst.mding manner. I encourage you to call upon the state bar headquarters for advice and assistance in matters r.laling to ba r activit ies. and more imporlantly. let them Jrno-,,' how much"", appreciate what the}' do for us. SelVing the need. and demands of 10.000 lawyen is a prodigious undertaking and our state bar staff performs this undertaking exceedingly"",lI, The Alabama Stale Bar has a most ""citing )'t'ar ahead of it and 1 will highlight a fleW of the importanl i... ues which some of the committees and task forc•• will be dealing with this year.

On. of the task forc •• that J am mo.t e.cited about is the Long-Range Planning Tuk forct. In discussing my thoughts and ideas for the year with Reggie. I was advi .. d that the Alabama State Bar has never had a tru~ long-range planning committee. The bar has addreS5td varioU5 .pecial n.eds and arus through task forces dealing with a specific iMue and it is a tribute to both OUr bar association and its leadership that the bar has functioned as well as it has without a long·range plan. I felt that it "'Ould be both beneficial and informati"" if "'" had a task forc. to take a long, hard look at wh ..e we have be.n in the past and where we want to be S. .,. in futur •. Thi s task force will use the repor15 generated by other task forces and committees, as w.1I as input from current committees. in formu lating a report and possible reCOmmen· datiQIIS to the Board of Bar CommiMioners. I have not limited the SCope of review of thi. task force and r sohc it your input and r«ommendations as to matters you think that this task force should consider.

I consider mystlf. and in particular the bar. ffiO$t fortunate to haw Camille Wright Cook of Tuscaloosa strving a. the chair of the Long·Range Planning Task Force. 1 kn ..... thai to chair this task force would be a prodigious undertaking and that we would need a person known and respected by the vasl majority of la").. rs in the state. Camille Cook is the perSQnifi· cation of such a person and along with the comm ittee. will begin the de""lopment of a long·range plan which will take

OUr bar a5S0Cial;on to the ~t c~ntury. I view the work of this task force as being one of the most important matttr$present· Iy conlronting our bar association. I again encourage y<.lU to write either Camill e or me in care 01 stat. bar headquarter$ with any recommendatio", and suggO$tions you think should be co",idered b)' Ihe Long·Range Planning T... k Fom:.

Another task force I bring 10 your attention is my Sole Pnc· lition" and Small Finn Tu k Force. Although th~ sole practi · lioner and small firm members (firms of I... than five attorneys~ comprise appro~imately 70 percent of our bar asw· eiation, the Alabama State Bar has never had a committee or task force to 'pecifically address the needs of this group. J have asked this task force, which will be chaired b)' Commiss ioner Rick .' bnley. to look into how the state bar can beller serve the needs of this group and determine if a ..commendation should be made to the Board of Bar CommiSSioners to make the task force a permanent. standing commiltee of the bar. I have also asked thi, ttsk force to consider the issue of disci · plinary problems facing the sole practitioner and small f"m membe". and make a recommendation as to what. if anything. can be done 10 pT(Vl'nt the increasing number of disciplinary infractio", among this group, I certainly do not mean these comments to be disparaging of the fine men and women prac· ticing as either sole practitioners Or in small firms. but it is a documented lact that a disproportionate percentage 01 disci· piinary complaint. and, in p;>rticular, punishment. inv<llve members of this group. A1. a former member of the Disci · plinary Commission and past chair of a Disciplinary Panel. I hope this task force will be able to shed some light on how the state can assi,t sole practitioners and small r.rm members in this regard.

I am continuing the Mi nority Pl rti cipation Tll k FOKf which was startfd several yeus ago in Ih~ presidency of J udge Il arold Albritto n. This most important lask force has been capably chairffi in the past b)' J udge Charlo. Price and Cene Verin, with Roone)' Max seNing as its vict·chai r.

To continue the work of this task force and advise mt ..gard· ing how Iht state bar can better Serve the need, of the minority lawyer, I have aski d my friend. Walter McCowan of Tuskegee. to !eNe as cha ir 01 this task force. Minority lawyers presently comp ris. 3.3 percont of our stat. bar membersh ip and. although various individual, are highly visible and serve with disti nction on several of our COm· mitt . es and task fo rc es. it is my goal and commitment to encourage and achieve greater participation 01 minority la"')"ers in all facets of this association. I sincerely hope that all lawyer.; within the state of Alabama share my sentiments on the importance of this eommitt~ to both our auociation and .tate.

The r.nal task force that I mention is the Alabama Fi rst Taslr Forco which i. a continuation of the task force started b)' Cta .. n« Small. The main purpose of this task force is to raise the level of awareness of the lawyer.; throughout the state to the many problems confronting the state of Alabama. and to encourage particip;>tion b)' a5S0Ciation members in the groups and programs which are addressing these problems in an effort to improve Our state. At the initial m«:ting olthe Alaba· ma First Task Forct. it was unanimously agreed that the most pressing problem lacing the citi •• ns of Alabama is our lack of TIlE ALABAMA t.AI'IYER

Important!

Licensing/Special Membership Dues

1993-94 AI/licenses to pract ice law will be sold through the Alabama State Bar headquarters. as well as payment of special mem· bcrship dues-the same as laSI year.

In mid-September. a dual invoice 10 be used by both annual license holders and speci al members will be mailed to every lawyer admitted to practice law in Alabama. The form will be somewhat different in appearance from last year. however.

If you are aClil'ely praClicing or amici{Xlle praClicing law in Alabamo between October I. 1993 and November I. 1994. please be sure thai you have the required ocrupationallicense. Licenses are $250 for the 1993-94 bar year and must be pur· chased between October I and October 31 or be subject to an automatic 15 percem penally ($37.50) . Second n otices will not hesenl !

An attorney nOI engaged in the active practicc of law in Alabama may pay thc spec ial membership fce of $125 10 be a member in good standing.

Upon receipt o f payment. those who purchase the license will be mailed a license and a wallet-size license for identification purposes. Those electin g special membership will be sent a walle].Size ID ca rd for both identification purposes and as a receipt.

If you do nOi receive an invoice . please notify Alice Jo He ndri x, membership ser· vict:$ director. at ]·Boo·354-6154 (i n-state WATS) or (205) 269-1515 immediat ely!

SEPTE~IBER

]993 1285

a quality educational system and the failure of the system to keep )'Oung men and women of our state in school and provide them with a qU/l]ity education with which they can compete in the job market. t;om Sure that}lOU are as tired as I am of Our state's being near the bottom or at the bottom in are.u which bring indus· try and job, to our communitie •. A few ...:Iient .tati.tic. vividly demonstrate the problems facing our stlte. These .tatistic. are a. forrows; In Alabama. 19.1 percent of OUr citizens live below the pOverty line versus \3.5 peretnt for the United Statu as a whole. Thu •. Alabama has a pOverty line rate rQUghly 40 percent high .. than the rutional average.

D D D D

Alabama has the lowe't percentage in the nation of students «Impleting high school. 63.2 percent in Alabama versus 76.9 percent for the U.S. as a whole.

Alabama has the lowest percentage of persons completing college, 11.6 percent for Alabama ""rsus 21.2 percent for the U.s. as a whole.

Alabama ranks 46th in per capita expenditur.. per pupil with an """rage e~penditure of S3,362 and 43rd in a""rage teacher !o/Ilari.., with an ,,,,,rage sal,ry of $26.954 (not induding benefits). The average per capita expenditure per pupil in the U.S . is 56.070 and lhe a""rage teacher's !o/Ilary in the U,S. i,$34,148.

Alabama .penm an awrage of approximately $14,{)OO to incarcerate someone in OUr perul system and it is .. timated that as percent of the prisoner population in Alabama does not have a high school Mgree.

D

In 1992, Alabama ranked si~th highest in the rution in u.... mploym.nt "ith a rate of 7 percent and ranked 33rd in population growth bet...~en 1980·1990 "ith a gr<:M1h rate of 3.8 percent wrsu' 9.8 percent growth rate for the U.s.

D

I am certain that these statistic. are as frightening to }IOU u they are to me. It does not tab a rocke t scientist to realize that any chane. to change the deplorable situation in which we find ourselvu. out of necessity. must come from within as opposed to without. Alabama has. for far too long . .. li~d on the federal gowrnment to solw many of Our problems. Thi, fact i. sadly, but dea rly, de monstrated by the fact that in tht fiscal year ending September 30. 1992. the State of Alabama ranked 18th among states in total rederal spending and, more importantly, 14th in a,.. rage spending pi'r pi'rson.

With the budget crises facing the federal govern ment and .pending cuts an almost certainty at arr levels. it seems abundant ly clear to me that we can no longer look to Washington for help. We mu,l look wi t hin Ihe ,tate of Alabama for aggressiw. effective luders who will make the tough and probably unpopular decisions .... cessary to effectuate the change lrom within our ~tate.

Economic gr",,'\h is a,*,lutely elS"ntiill for the gr<:M1h and

286 / SEPTEMBER 1993

development of this S!.ite and your practice. If OUr cities and state do not continue to eXperience gr(/\<.1h and prosperity. t think all of us as practicing attorneY' will ..,e our practices .uff...

I believe that the leadership nwled to effeduate change and bring Alabama from the bottom of the heap to n.ar the top can be found among lhe members 0( this bar association. As a profession. we haw been too cautious. too timid and, sadly, too uninvolved. We, both as individuals and as a prole"ion , must be willing 10 give something back to OUr communities and state.

Fellow lawyers. I urge and challenge you to become involved in the affairs and activi t ies of you r community and . tate and. in particular. in the educational reform movement. This is not something that can wait until next yur. If there has t ver betn an issue which is time sensitive. this is it. If wmething is not done and done immediately to ensure educational rdorm in this state .0 Ihat evtry citizen is guaranteed a quality public education. then our state will continue to wallow in the mud of mediocrity or, worse, will be unable to compete with our sister sunbelt .lalU and th e progre.sive ~mentsal iw and well in each of them.

It has long been too convenient for us to !o/Iy we do not have time for various malters that we readily recognize are worthy. I suggest to you that we can no longer afford to say we do not have time. In fact, if we continue to say we do not have time, the reality and magnitude of th e education cri,is and its potential ramifications may giw uS more time than " .. eWr wanted.

It is my fervent hope and praye r that all members of this usociation will readiJy recogni~e the magn itude of the problems facing our stale and mak e a commi t menl to active ly participate in the .olu t ions 10 the Same. Let u. work togeth .. to make Alabama first in those categories which will bring jobs and economic growth to our state, and ensure a bright future for our beloved state and il. re.iMnts.

In my nut article. I will discuss the Vo lunteer La~fI J>rogl'1lm run by Melind. W,ten and the continuing debate ",.. r whether pro bono work should be mandatory or voluntary. Again, my thanks for the opportuni ty to servt as your president.

•

TurbocLOSEReal Estate a osing Software OfJiciillly E1IIIontd 01111 R«o"''''l1Ititd by A norncys' Tille Guaranty Fund. Inc.

THE ALAIlAMA I.'.WYER

POLL FACTSIFAX POLL: The Annual Meeting With this )OUr's annual mwing just completed. '« haw rueiwd INfIY ~rabll: cornmtnts rtgar!linj 1M conwnlion. But. in an dfort \0 KfVt you Wlter,,,~ ...."nl J'I'IO« inlormlltioo. from lhoK who did not ittend the annual mtellng. as >«11 as thosoe who did. Thne IoUggutioos, criticisms and OIlinioru will help us plan for and imJ)1'~ futurt rnHlings.

I. The annual meeting in 1994 will be held in Orange Beach al tilt Perdido Buch R• .ort. Do )'Oll think it should be held then' h't!)' year from now on or continue \0 rotale it between Birmingham. Mobile and Orange Buehl

_ _Orange Beach ~ot.ated

among lilt \Inn cities _ _Other (please JpeciM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2. Is July lhe best month fIX )'OU to ,,!tend tilt annual rnHlingr

--'" -,'110

(If roo. which SYI1'\ITIe' month is bum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

3. Tht 1994 "nnuaJ medillll"ill bt Monday through Thurscby instead of lilt UWlII Thursday through ~Iun:by. Dots this ~ you more likdyor Iat likdy to attend. or don it maltt no differtna in )'OUr dKision lo ..t!end? ~Oftliktly _ _LUi likely

~o

difference

~.

!,Iease !'link the fol\ol<.ing programs based 011 what you prefer or would pme. 1(> attend al an annUli m«ling. (Please rolte tlltm ]·6. with] bting th~ t."'t pr.f.r~d and 6 iIS the!TlO.lt prd.rrtd.) _ _Social tvenu _ Fa mily·oriented ewnU _ _CU : JUJiON An~ .pecific kind ofC LE ?==_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ Headline keynole speakers at lunclleoosand dinners _ _ Entertllinin8 pfOilrolnlS forchild~n

__

Othe r t~leastli st}

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

S.o;d ~ ,mend the ]993annua,1 mHtinQ in Mobile? _ _ Va

----""

If no. why not? _ Too upmsivt 10 attend NDlhin8 oIler.d clinterut 10 law p<XIi«> _ _ _Currtntly in trial Or had other busi""ss connku _ OIher (please uplain) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

6. Do)'Oll usually attend the annUllI meeting? _ _V.

-----1'0 lfno.Whynotl ____________________________________________________________ 7. If ~ did attend the 1993 onnua,1 meding. what did )'011 fn.io\l moIIt or bt""r.t from moll? (Please rolnk 1·6.} _ _Section MHtings

_Crolndr ConvocationlBusinus Merting _ _Upcbte '93 _ _Committ~ 8rukWt

...

_Social E"fflts

--' .,

8 . ....~t w!lifsti(lns do)'Oll havt for improving fulun ..,n.....1 rr>«tings?

(Please attach. stparolte sheet if ne«ssary.j

nit: AI.AIW1A L.AWn:R

SEPTEMBER 1993 / 287

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S REPORT NEW YORK, NEW YORK

Ii II

he deadlin~ for this column immediately preced.. my departure fo r the 1993 Annual Meeting of the

Armrican Bar Association in New York A number of important issue. will be discussed in the ABA's ~ming bodjI. the Ilouse of Dele gat ...

Th. House is frequently criticized for acti ng On ;•• u.. which app"'" to many lawyer. as not germane to the practice of law. In recent ~rs. the members of the National Conference of Bar Presidents have .\OUght 10 influence the agenda in such a way Ihat "lawyer issues", as opposed to whal are often denominate<! as ",,,dat I.. uo,", are the maUer> UpOn which the House speaks for the ABA-and because of its 400,000+ membership. the legal prof'ssion as a whol •.

A propOsal by the Section Officer.' Council ISOC) has 1>«" 5ubmined llIat. in tfftt!. would dilute to a minority Ihe num· ber of delegates in the House who repr._ sent stale and local bar ~iatiol\l!. The proposed ,hani/u in governance would likewise diminish. if not eliminate. the current control state and local bars exer· cise in the election process of the association.

Ther. have been two countn measureS to the SOC initiative. One is a coolition of bar leaders from Ihe memberships of Ihe National C(}nference of Bar President., National AMociation of Bar E,ecuti"es and the ABA Standing Committe. (}n Bar Acliviti" and Se r vic ... The <.>t/1 .. is the propOsed creati(}n of a Caucus of State Bar Associations.

There is already a Metropolitan Bar Luders Caucus within Ihe ABA. The forthwming debate and actions on this is.sue could have a faNeaching impact on the "vote of the organized bar" as the ABA is generally ~rceived. Actually this should be a non-issue sin« the state and local bars currently have lhe number of nteded votes to ddeat the issue in the H(IUSi'; however. this in itiative has spilled over into the ABA Assembly which is composed of those ~rsons who register at the New York meeting. Should the Aw:mbly and House take opposile positions, the Assembly could overrule 1m House in a SI'COnd vote in the Assembly and an association-wide referendum would then be conducted.

The Alabama State Bar delegates in the House have been instructed by its board of commissioners to oppose any effort 288 /SE PTEM8ER 1993

that would dilute the cu rrent strength of state and local bars.

It is going to be an interesting debate. and has the potential of reshaping ABA policy and pl'OCt'edillgs.

This relurn to New York for an annual meeting promptW my friend. Richard Th ies. chair of The Fellows of the American Bar Foundation. to remind uS that it was at the last New York Annual Meeting in 1986 where the Stanley Commission Report on Pro/essionalism wou; presented. Th<It report's recommendations ~ru.ining to the bar generally provided that: "All segments of this Bar should: ( I ) preserve and develop within the profession. integrity, com~t.nce. faimess, independence, courage. and a devotion to the pUblic int ..e,\: (2 ) resolve 10 abide by higher ,tandards of conduct lhat the

min imum required by the Code of Professional Responsibility and the ~lodel Rules of Professional Conduct; (3) increase the participation of l a~'ers

in pro bono activities and help lawyers recognize their obligation to participate: (4 ) resist the temptation to make the acquisition of wealth a primary goal of law practin; (5) encourage inlKWative methods which simplify and "",ke less ex~ru;i"" 1m ren dering of legal .ervices: (6) educate the public about legal processes and the legal system; and (7) resol"" to employ all of the organiza_

tional resou rces necessary in o rde r to i1S!ure that the legal profession is effectively self regulating."

UpOn reflection, I think Our own bar has moved in the direction of achieving these professional ideals in the interim. Our own bar's Task Force on Professionalism, chaired by former Alabama Stat.

Bar President Bill Scruw, has submitted its report to the board of commissioners whieh has fon.·arded recommendations t(} the Supreme Court of Alabama to advance our own professionalism . I believe our's has been far more that a symoolic chall enge for our times to improve our prof.ssion and the essential roles laW)'frs play in OUr society.

New York has »een very s~cial to me. I married Anne there almost 24 years ago and I assumed the presidency of the National AMociation of Bar Executives there in ! 979.

• THEALABA.'1A u\WYER

BAR BRIEFS Fourletn attorney, with Bllch

Q

Bin"..,m haw btw IUmed to the 1993· 199~

edition of Tht &st LaWl/t.s in

America. Oilch oft Binghirn. currently Ihr 't~lt't llorgut!low firm. h;u offict$ in Bi r mingham,

Montgomtry and Hun tsvil le. Alabama and Wash ington,

D.C. Attorneys from the Birmingham

office include Mlchu l L. Edward •• Jim.. r . lIutMY, J r .. " '1Iiam H. 511·

l.mold, John J. Coltma~. III . S. Euon BIIkh. Sr •• Mobttt A. B".III...... RoddO)l

O. Mundy. II . Il am ploa Bolu, Ron _ cIolph H. linin . md Harold \o\111ilml.

In Iht Monlgomuy office. attorneys IWImtd iMludt Chatln M. C-rook. M. Rolln<l NK hmln. J r ........ UI)I D. Smith. and Slmln, C. CuIJ>O'P\M1", Jr.Attomey!l li'l,d in The B.m IAwverJ in ArrwriclI art selected by Ihtir ~en in various

categoriu 0( t~pertise.

The committtt to niH! the 1993 Edwa rd J.

(Ho,,1tt

Dllli ng"I . ..... St "ice

10 JIIIII« AWl.. is comprised of Justice Anlon in Stlliil or tht Unilrd Stairs Suprr,,", Court. Chid J . Will;"'m J. B;iuor of the Stvtnlh Circuil COtJrt 01 Appuls. and United SUitS OiSlricl Judgr Olivu Cuch 0( Ihr Oistrici 0( Columb~ Tht no'Inl. ntablishcd 10 Ttt· ogniu rJtrlOnli..... ry Hrvi~ by mtm· ber. of Iht fednal judiciary. il mado anilablt by Wnl Publishing C4mpany in 1M Ntm dtM lale Edward J. J)eo;itt.

Iong·ti,,", Chitf Judgo for 1M Di.trict of Minnesota. The honor includes an award of S15.000 and is symboliud by an inscribed crystal obelisk.

Previous winntu ar~: Unit.d St.lts Circuit Judg. Albert 8. Maris 01 Ptnnsyl· vania (1982): United Stain District Judg. Walter E. Hoffman of Vi rginia (1983); Chid JlUtict Warnn E.. Burgor (SptCilIllWUd. 1983); United Statn Cif.. cu it Jud i. fnnlr M. Johnson. Jr. of Alabama (1984): United Sutts District Judge William J. Campbell of lIIinoi.

(1985): Unittd Statts Circuil Judg.

Ed .... a rd A. hmm of tht Dist ric t of Columbia bPKial a.... ard. 1985): United Stales Dislricl Judlle Edward T. Cignoux of M.ine (1986): United Slates DiSlrict THE AUJlA.'1A l.o\WYER

Judg. Elmo B. Hunter of Minouri (1987); Joinl reclpi.nlJ Uniled Statts Circuit Judge Eiben Pur Tunle ofGeor· gia and United Statu Circuit Judge John Minor Wisdom of Louisiana (1988): United StattS District Judge C.. h.1rd A. Gutll of Iht Oisldc t of Columbia (1989): United Statu Circuit Judge limn R. BrOl'o'Tling 01 California (1990); Unittd Slain Dislrici Judgt Hube rt L Will oIl11inoU (1991): and United SUtts Cirroil JI.Id# JOKph F. Weis. Jr. (1992).

Nominations art now optn fDr Iht 1993 no'Ird and should be submiued to OMII Dislinguished Service ID Justice A....ard. P.O. Boll 64810. St. PlIul. Min · nnotl 5SI64·08IH) by Ikcembe r 31.

''''.

The Amtrican Bar Ass0ciation an· nounced re· ,entl~ l hat Fn nlr Mi ni.

JDhnlOn. Jr..

Hnior judge.

United Stale.

CDurt of Appeals for Ihe 11th Circuil in Man Igo· mery. has botn Hltcltd 10 rrceive the ABA'. 1993 Thurgood Mar.",n award.

The award. ulabli.htd in 1992 by the AliA Section of Individual Rights and RuponsibiHtifS. m:ognius individulM Iong_ltno wnlribuliOOOllo 1M advance_ tmnl of civil rlghl$. civil libe rties and human rights in the U.S. FDrmer U.s.

Supreme Court Justice Thurl/DDd Mar_ ~I was lho first. «<;pitnt of tho a....ard.

JI.Id# Johruon Will oominated to tho fedenl bench by President EiHnhoow-tr in 1955. Dn the e~ 01 the civ;1 rights mvlulion. Once called "the 11'10$1 haled man in the South' boca.... of his land· mark civil righl$ dKisions invalidaling the pol l lax. dUegregaling Iransporta· l ion. and pt rmitling non -violent demonilralions such I I Marlin Lulher

King. Jr:. ~rch 10 Selma, Judge Johnson is nDW reco,ni1td u On. Df tho "most coungtous and foremosl judges of the land."

In IIddi t ion to the above decisions.

Judge John$(ln all-O decide d landmark ca,e, ulling national .landa rd5 fo r Ihe I. eatment of tht menllllly ill and care 01 prioon inlTlllte •• IS ~1I1S CIIJfS involving first amendment righl$ of colItge n .....sp,apo . editors. ,ender-baud discriminnion. lind rights of the

""""'.

was prt$fnled lit tho Thur_ H.lrshall Award Dinner Saturday.

Augusl 7. during the ABA AnnUlI Muling in New YD. k City. The ABA il dedicltinll the annual meding to the ,,",mory of JU$tiu Marshall.

Tho _rd

I/DDd

Joff Seilloni ..... ho has HIVed IS Unit· ed Stalu Attorn,>, for the past 12 )'tars. h.. rece ived t he hiQhut a .... ard of the U.S. Seerel StI'Yict-The HDno r A....anl-at hi. reeeni retirement where mOrt Ihln 3() local. IIlle ind federal or~aniut;on. made pruentl t ions 10

-

AIIistant U.s. AnOl'llt)' Richard Moon IDld Seuions. "In Ihis room lire Assis· tant U.S. Attornt)'l .... I>!> .....,..Id march through lIeli for you."

" illiam T. Sitpheni. geMnl coul1Jfl for tho Retirtrntnt Sj'$t'lTII 01 Alabama, was tlteted p.ui dtnl of the NatiDnal Au od a tlon of Public Pentlon allomej'$ at the ;wocialiOO's recenl conference in Port lind. Oregon. Mtmber5hip of the association consisu of both in· hou •• eounKland prlvale practitioners who repreHnl public penliDn plans in Ihe United Stalts lind ita Itrrilories. Momblrs KJ)rt$fnt pensioo plans with IS5tI$ inuctUofSSOO billion.

Tht Blrln ln .ba m Bar AIIDcia liOD rtcontly inllilled II miODrity rtcruil ,,",nl prognm in an ,uempl 10 "UnCI minority la~n 10 th. Birmingham arnl. Nine area la .... firlTll Jl"rticipaled in lhe firsl program wilh more than 16 finl-yur law JChool. sludenlS \l}'ing for the firms' lummer cI..kships.

SEPTEMBER 1993/ 289

Nick Cud e, chairman of tht Incruud Minority !'ar t itipa t ion Commiltee (or the BaA and one of lhe archittcts 0( the Pf(lgram, $lid, "1lIt ~r ICted is I match milker between tht plTlicipating la'" firms and the la .... school candidatti. Ilutd on the firll\i' hiring criltrill, ~ Hluted the candi. dates lind Ht up the inlerviN unJ\itf:. ~~.

Boyd Campbell of Montgomery hiS beon Ippoinltd advoacy vict ·chair of the Immigration La .... Conunillet in tht Ct~ Pndlct Stdlon 0( the American B.a. ~iltion.

The CtM.1I1 PrlCtice ~tion rtp.tsents .pp. olimlltly 14.000 III"")'tU througlloul the nation. The Immigra. tion La .... Commill.. HTWS the membtu of tht net ion in the un of immig",lion la",.

Campbell ",-as appointed to thil posi . tion for a period of one year beginning at the conclwion of tilt iUln .....1 meding 0( the American Bar Al.sociation in New York City in Augwt 1993. and ending at the conclusion of the annual meeling of the American Bar Aslociation in Ne ....

Orleans in Auguil 1994.

IJirmingham attorney Rod ney A. M ... a member of the firm of NajjlT Denaburg, was reanlly honored II the 1993 recipient of the Pe,lY S pa in McDonlld Award fo r community serviCf. M... ",-as nominated for tht .",,,,d by the Clmp Binningham Ad~ilory Council for his continued, IIctiyt support of Ca.mp Binninghlm.

Camp Binningham - . cnaitd sill YU" lIgo by the dforts of Mu lind Peggy S!»or1<s, dirmor of Community Educalion. The camp pTO\'iIks ........... uc ..Ilionil. eduutional and employmenl activitia for city youth "'00 might not ~ OppOTIUfli~ to allend or work at II traditioNl SUmmer UrnI' 1IWi'! from

.....

This year, Mu has bttn instrumental in establishing a ronOict ruolution du· dent council for Camp Birminghim. which will instrud and adviH Clomp par· ticipants on allenutiyt dispule resolu· tion mechiUlisms.

PellSKola allomey Cart Johnson was $WOrn in as Fi..1 Circuit «,pru ",nta\i '"e of the Young Lawy ... • Di ~il i o n of the Doard of Governors of The FlOrida Bar. The Firsl Circuil includes the

NEW SAVINGS PROGRAM ON OFFICE SUPPLIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE ALABAMA STATE BAR ht Alahoma St~te Bar ~ mitle lIrr.mgemenu "'ith ~IH. a major offict su~~lier. that ....iII gi'T ~'" firnu iUl opportunity to sa'"e money on offict sUP!lIies.

Penll}'\\"1St" offe .. a Ia,* Hll"Ction 0( offICe sUP!llia in addition 10 low pri<:es and f... l. IT« llel;""er)". The mote ba, progam "'ill enable members to sa'"e an addition.l.I4 to II perunt off tht Penll}'lI'iK already discounted priCH. Brands lin 3M. IBM. Rolodex. Bic. and hun~reds more are offered at a fnc· tion 0( ttvir «'gut.:.r stlling price. If a .... rnbe. purchases an item from Pen· nyWist. s«s it ithntistd fo99 r Iw and KOOs the ad to PennyWise ",ithin 30 days. Jltnny\\"1St" ....ill str>d the memlx>r a check (or the ~ifference or credit the account.

Ptnn;'\\1H also ofle .. the IJrgut omc. product ne"'"(Irk in the nation.

Th. elrctTOflic ca!.llng all",,"S .... mlx>rs to order 24 hours a day. 5e\"en da}"S a ..... ek. Membt .. can alsoordn by mail. toll .fT« phone or fu.As a special introduction. Pennyl\'iloe is offering Alab.1ma Stat. Bar memo be.. SIO off their Ii.. t order. For more information on the program and a full color catalng. call 1·800·942·3311.

•

T

290 I SEI'TEM BER 1993

countin of ~:iClImblli. Santa Ron. Oklloou an d Wilton. Johnson is a shareholder in Ihe PenSicola firm of Smith, Sauer, DeMaril, Pugh &: Johnson, and is a 1986 admittee to ltv Alaba· ma SUit Bu. AP1III.th lln R.. n~h and Ddt n ..

Fund of Kentucky, Inc . hu re<fntly pub1i$h«i tht 1992 Suptlltmenl 10 ils nrlier publication, "81«:* Lung C/Qim$ &f<Jn 1M DepQrtmmt 01 LtI00NI Manual 01 Subs/antic. lAw. · Tht supple· ment is 36 pagt:s Ion./I lind C(Mrs most at the ~ CISt d~lopments linct 1988 when the urlitr man ..... l - . pub. lished. II ..... 11 u a s«lion on the procu. for rfOponinlland/or modifying claims.

The cost 0( the man .....11I $25. inch>CI · iog mIIiling. A limited number of copies of t he o . iginal manu/ll is available 01 S25 elCh. Orders should be loent to: Diane fish. Adminillrit in AuiJtllnt.

Appalach~n Research and Defense Fur>d of Kentucky. Inc .. 2{l5 Pronl Street. Pre· stonsburg. Kentucky 41653. Make your chec k toAR[)F of K.... Inc. II'Ilbur C. SlIbennln of tht Birming· ham fi rm of Co rdon. Silberman.

WiUins &: Ch ilds is IImong only 45 allorneys from Ic rolS the United Statts 10 urn certification I i I businus bankruplcy law specilliist from Ihe Commercii! LIW Lu,ue of Aloma (CLIA) Academy of Commer. ci&l &lid Bankrupt", Law Spedalilu.

SilberrniUl is I graduate of tM Un"",rsily of A1abama where he also r«~i~ his Iiw degree.

Founded in 1895. the CLLA is the n/llion'l oldtst commer,ill litigition ~ bankruptcy organiu.tion. Mtmbera include 5.000 lI110rntYI Ind other uperu in credit "nd firwoncill iKlivity iKli~ly tngiJl«i in the fitlds at com· me",ial'-. bankruptcy ~ reorpniu.· tion.

J im .. R. Pnlt. III of Blnningham recently tlected trusunr o( Ihe A\abImI Trill LaW)Wl A..odatlon l.nd I meml:>l: r of th. Amtrlcan Board o( Trill Alk"OClttl.

Prall is a g",duate 0( Auburn Univtrsily ind Cumberland School o( La .....

Sa.mford UniverSily. He is wilh the finn of Hogan, Smith. Alspaugh. Slmpl" &: Pratt . '''is

TI lE AlABAMA I.AWYER

John O. Suon. a partntr with the firm of Cooper. Mitch.

Crawford. Kuykend.lll & Whltlt"}'. tw betn named by Pmicknt Clinton to ~ Prtll dtnt '. COIIIIIII .. ion on ""h itt KouH f tlloorlhi ....

The White House fellow, Program ,,'U brgun in ]965 by I'rt$idtnt Lyndon Johf\fOl'l IS a rotarlf of enabling young men and WOIlltn euly in thei r caJUn who ,howed outllanding ludeuhip potentilolan Opportunity to .prnd a year in Washington as lJ'Kcial as.istant to the Vice·president. a senior member of the White House Stal(. or a Cabind Seudaf)'.

The Pre,idenl'$ COmmiuion on White lioust fellowships KU policy for lilt White HOt1M' fdlows Prognm and 5t1KtJ och incoming dw oIfeliowt.

SllIon .... tilt first White HOOK f el· low e,'fr selected from Aliblml. He 5t~ as a fe]1ow in 1978·7'9 IS illPI" cilol iWislmt 10 V'1«. praicknt Walttr 1'.

Mond.IJc. In 1992. ht chiired tht Clin· ton pruidentilol campaign in Alabama.

Birmingh~m

Malley Bed lole of Mobile has been named dillingul.hed alumnu. by the National Alumni Auotiation 01 the Uni· ",ult)' of Alabaml.

Bl:dioIe received both hi. baclltlor's and Iiw de8rtt1 al Alabama. and lit was I member 01 tilt Univenity's &/Ird of.

TfWtttslor tto)'Un. Two )'tIn lk<lsolt rtcti ... d the o;,lin8uilhed 1..1... School Alumnus A.... rd for hif service to tht Uniwnity', Llw School.

bttn el«ttd 10 the oo.rd 01 dirtClors of the Public Afrlin Runn:h Council of Alaba .... (PARCAj. Ely tw 5tMd since 1986 u vice<hiir of the Tax &. fisal Affairs Committn 01 the Business Council of ~ma lind h.u bttn iICtivt for /I number of yUrt in dforlJ 10 update and $Irtaml ine Aillbama·. pllchwork tn Ilws. He is Ilso put chiir 01 the Ala~ma Slite Bar Tax Section.

I'Qunded in ]988. PARCA is II nOn· profit organization hudquarttred at

Bru ct P. Ely, a member of the TuscalooSa firm of Tanner &. Guin. h.u THE ALAwtA I.-\WYER

Uni ... nity in Birmingham. Its purpose Is 10 provide reHireh. pOlicy reports 111>11 recommtnd.ltions dealing with si,.,ifOWlt mit MId local govern· menL edUQtion. finance. ind liI·relal· ed i$Sutl Iflecting AII~mians. The orpniulion II huded by former eo.. unor Albert Br~r lind is presently invoiwd In prrMdirlJl rfitllrch and 1'«' Ommenditions on tu and education reform meu"rtJ duign.d to addre" Monlgomery Ci rcuit Judge Eugene Reest', recent equity funding ruling . •

Thanks!

I deeply 1Ipp"e<:~le !he m.ilny expressions of congritulations upon the occasion 01 my r~lIreme-nl, tlvough telephone c,lIs, len," and pooonal Con\ioCl . 1~"lIy thank t....... ....,,,obeo s of ~t ,nd pW boar<k 01 bar eumirK!<$ and e .... r~ and ft\neS'icommin~ for lheir contribul\ons to my retiU!ml:'I'I1 gift. which I GIn a,,,,,,, you w;u I"'t to good use and grutly enjoyed . You lire a special group of people. It was my joy 10 work for you .nd wilh you during these past yeari. Ag<Iin. a heartfelt ·l h~nk yQU ."

Norma Jean Robbins

A

..,0

Minhallllmbtrlakt, I partner in tilt Birmingham office of Balch & Bing. ham. Waf one of three rtp'"stnlali,·.. from Alabama invited to att end the Southnn Re.lonal Confert nee on Statt Court Dl lputt RtloluUon Pro· ,"1111 recently held in Richmond. Yir· ginia, ~ conference Wi'S sponsored by lhe Nationa] tnltitule lor Di5putc Rcrolulion. Timberlake repruented Ihe All~ma State Bu il>ll ,pob on the pf'OirtU 01 A1temllliw Di!-pUle ResoIulion in Alabama Ind the Slilus of the currenl Slate dispute resolution pro· gmn. Timberlake 5tM:llS chlir of tht Alabama Slite Bu T~ force on Alter· nati ... Dispule Resolution.

~mlord

UNIQUE

CPA

FIRM

F O R LITI GATO RS •

Exclu,,~ly ~ed

to litigation and i",uranu accoummg mailers since t969 .

• St~ffis 1000/0 trained forensiC accoumams. nOI reaSSIgned auditors.

• Experience makes for fast. nuible .nd cost· effecti"" ~rvicc for litig.tors.

• Resources of our internalional network o f}!) o ffices at your disposal.

For more information. ple~~ call Mark Gallagher or Us llankes at 404'9B-o<l40 or fa~ 404'9S1'oa70

CAMPOS &

S T Il.ATIS

SEPTEMBER 1993 / 291

ABOUT MEMBERS, AMONG FIRMS

" 11l1am E. Cue annourn:es the ~n· ing olhis offi~ at On. Office Park, Suite 413. Mnbile, Alabama 36609. Phone (2(}5) 304· 04&8.

Robert P. Synon, Jr" formerly in partner,hip as Baker & Syncn. announces

Suite 205. Birmingham. Alabama 35244.

Phone (205) 987· 1213.

Larry .110rgan announces the rdoca· tion of his office to 200 West Court Square . Suite 204, Hunt.ville. Alabama 35801. Phone (205) 534·8076.

Pltric . F . Smi th announce, the Ol'l'ning of his office at 1136 Oxmoor RO<Id. Suite 201. Homewood. Alabama

the Opening of hi, omc. al 2213 Forest·

35209.Phone(205)871~.

dale Boulevard. Birmingham , Alabama

L. Thomas Ryan. Jr. announce. the rdocation of his office to nl East Side Square. Suite I·A, Hunt.wille. Alabama 35801. Phone (205) 533· 1103.

Larry Keith Anderson. forme rly an a.I.istanl dist rict attorney for the 20th Judicial Circuit and former city attorney for the City of Dothan , annOunces the ope n ing of his offic. at 407· B North Oat.. Stred. Dothan. Alabama 36303.

Phone (205) 712 ·02SS. Robert E. Clute. J r .. formerly of Sil· ver & Voit. announce~ the opening of hi. office at Suite 2004. 150 N. Royal Street. Mobile. Alabama 36602. Phone (205) 432·7800.

Terry R. Sm~ l~ announces his new offic •• ddrelll with the Surelu of Legal Services. IXpartment of M~ ntal Health and Mental Retardation. P.O. Bo. 3710.

Montgomery. Alal>ama 36IW·07l0.

Kurl Johnlon Ril ey annOunCeS the opening of her office at Barrister's Building. 407 Franklin Stred, S.£ .• Huntsville. Alabama 35801. Phone (205) 535·0800.

Jam .. ill. Sin mon. Jr .. forme rly commissioner of the Alabama Depart· ment of Revenue and director of the AI. bama Developmen t Office. an · nounce. the opening of hi . offic. at 3123 Fielderest Drive. Montgomery.

Alabama 36106·3334. Phone (205) 277·

ABOUT MEMBERS

352]4. Phone (205) 791·0028.

Mark A.

BaJrer announc~s

of his om,. al TW<.I

the o~ning

Profe~ional

Piau.

1139 Cheshire Bridge Road. N.E., Atlanta. Georgia 30324. Phone (404) 876-9181.

Lenon W. Plte announces he. n....... addre •• a5 direclor , State of Alabama . o.partment of Ind ustrial Rel"tions. 649 Monroe St..et, Montgomery, Alabama 36131. She was formerly with Sirole &: Permul\.

John C. C.lhoun announc •• the ,..,10. cation of his office to Suite 950, Fir\an-

cial Center, 505 20th Street. North.

Birmingham. Alabama 35203. Phone (2(15) 2514300.

T.mtr. K. Er,.in announces the relocation of her office to Civic Center Executive Suites, 1117 2ht Street.

North. Suite 400. Birmingham. Alal>arna 35234. Phone (205) 322·5800. iIIich u l J. G.mble announces the openi ng of hi. firm at 140 N. Foster Stree t. Suite 104. Dothan. Alabama 36303. Phone (205) 677·6171. He was formerly with Cherry. Givens. Peteu.

Lockett & Diu. S.nh B. Stewart. a former staff altor· ney with the Office of Hearings and Appeal •. Social $"em ity Administration. in Birmingham. Alal>arna and Columbia.

South Carolina. announces the opening of her office at Suite 336. Pavilion £xec· u t ive Center. 5000 Thurmond Mall Boulevard, COlumbia. South Carolina 29201. Phone (803) 765·1)444.

Phillip Ted Co lquett announces the location of his office at Chas( Corporate Center. On e Chase Corporate Dr ive.

292 1 SEPTEMBER 1993

"'''

Charle. Conlerfit lIart announces the relocation of hi. office to 924 Third Avenue. Gadsden, Alabama 35901. The maili ng addrelll is P.O.llox 26. Gadsden 35902. Phone (205) 543·1701, Eli.uMth Roland BU"n .nnounces the relocation of her office to 956 Nont·

clair Road, Suite 218. Oakmont Build· ing. Birmingham. Alabama 35213.

Phon. (205) 592· 0234.

Donal d L. Col«, Jr. announces the relocation of his office to 604 38th Street. South. Birmingham. Alabama 35222. Phone (205) 592-t332.

ROM" E. Patterson announces the relocation of his office to th e Veitch Building. circa 1830, 301·A Fran klin Stre et. Hunt.-iIIe. Alabama 35801.

Phon. (205) 539·8686.

Brian W, Moore . formerly commis· sion.. of the Alal>ama Medicaid Agency. announces the opening of his office at J.A.M. Executive Suites. 4131 Carmichae l Road. Suit. C· 12. Mont · gomery. Alabama 36106. Phone (205) 277-8777.

Gail Dlckin son·Shrum announ~s the relocation of her office to 2015 hi A.... nue. North. Suite 400, Birmingham.

Alabama 35203. Phone (205) 326·3&00.

AMONG FIRMS R. Larry Bradford announces the for· mation of IIr.dford & Anodal ... J. Mark B.ggett and K.re n ill. Ron are aMOCiate•. The office is located at 2100· A Southbridge Parkway, Suite 585.

Birmingham. Alabama 35209. Phone (205) 871·7733.

Bu rn o, Cu n n ingh.m & Mackey announces that iII ax Cundy hu become associated ",ith the firm . Offices are located at 50 St. Emanuel St r• • t.

P.O. Box 1583. Mobile, Alabama 36633.

Phone (205) 432·0612.

McPhillipl, S h inb.um & Gill announce, that S. Jud son Wait .. , II has become aSSOCiated ",ith the firm.

Offices are located at 516 S. Pe rr y Street. ~Iontgomery. Alabama 36104.

The mailing ad d .. n is P.O. Box 64.

Montgomery 36101. Phone 1205) 262.

1911. \·ul'OUl. ~ & Traylor announces thai Michul W.de Carroll has joined the firm. ",ith office, at 2700 THE AlABAMA lAWYER

SouthTrust Towe r, 420 N, 20th Str((\, Birminghlm, Allb40ma 35203. Phon(

Cen tl e Ii C rumbl tl announcu that Carolyn undon. formtrly an lS$O-

(205)326·6111.

elite of Schoel. Ogle, Btnton " Centeno. his jointd Ediar C. GclltJc. II I IS i plTtntr. Offices Ire IOCit.d it Suite 150 1, Coloniil Bink Build· ing, 1m First A"..n~, North, Birming· twn. AIItwnI 3S203. Phone (2051 716-

Bill. Bill. ~htth,wl Ii Novak InnOUI"Kts I~I AlIIlOn L. Alfonl ~ bocomt U$O(ilIlt<! with tht firm. Offk", ift W It<! al 11 00 Union B.u\lc Tc.«r.

Monlgomery, Alibimi. Th( mailing Idd rUI il P. O. Draw( r 21.8. MOn!' I/Omtry 36102 .2 148. Phon~ (205) 834·

JOOO. Jonu &: Troudale announces thai Thompson, formtrly of Boggs" Thompson In Panama Cily, Florida, has b«ome a partner in Ihe firm. The firm', new name i, Jan et. Trou tdale &: Thompton. The ..... iling addre5.S is 115 Hel ton Cou rl, Su ile B, P.O. Bo~ 367.

Florence. A~b40mi 3563 1. Phont (205) 767-0333.

W.llate. J ordan . Rattlff. B~ .. " Bnadt M\J1()UOCU th.il J im.. E. FnJu. IOn hu become i pITt ner ~nd J . ~khMl Coopn-. Mdis .. M. .10"... Uly ~ . Arnold, and J ay H. Clark hiVt become :wocilttl. Offocu ~re wIt<! ~I 2000 A Southbridge Parkwlly. Suite 525.

Birmingham, A\~b~m~ 35209. Phone \\'~lon

7680.

Mark Boardmln Innouncn the for. maiion of Boa rdmln, Tyn Ii GoodbH al 104 Invnnul Cenln Place. Suite 325. P.O. BOI 59465. Birmingham.

AWlami 35259·9465. Phone (205) 980·

6000.

L1oy<!, Bndfard, Schnfbu &: Cny

his btm dlinged 10 SchniMT Ii Gny. The lont ion remiinl t ht Sim( at 2 PerimtUr Park South. Suitt 100, Binninglwn. ~rl\I 35243.

Bin l hun D. Edwards innounces th il Phil D. Mllc he ll . fo rmuly of the TusalOOli Office of u~l St"ice.

Corporation of Alabama. has breome luociate d wilh Ihe firm. The firm is located at 21 1 l.et St rut, N.E .. Suite A. Decatur. Alawma 35601. Phone (205)

(W5) 870·0555.

Hen .ltt. Btldley &: Robnll on In!>OUncti t~t Ralph K. Stnwn. Jr. his btwme: I ITIfmbtr of 1M firm. and Kim~erly H. Sldpptr Ius brCOmt In Uoodiit with Ihe firm. Offices art located i t 754 Cheltnut Strut. Cids· dtn. A1ibi ..... ls9() l . Phone (2051543·

Calhoun, Fa ulk, Wl lkin l, Clower ...

Cox announeu that Kennelh W. Co~ kas jointd B Ii 0 I'1lJtiu. Inc. 0( Troy 0$ pr"ident. Tht mailing iddrus i, P.O. Draw .. 1048, Troy, Al~blm.J. 36081.

Phont (2051 S66-2-471.

Jimll1)' 8. Pool arvIOUr>Cn uurttn C. Biaao his btcome :wocilted .... ith the firm. The ..... lling iddre5.S is P.O. 80s 1709, Mon tgomery, Alibama36102·

9790.

1709. Phone (2051 262·2717.

353·6323.

• CIVIL • INSURANCE

--m

Smllh . Splru &: pt ddy announers T. RindlU Lyons hu become ~n wocillte 0( tht firm. OffICts ift located 11650 Financiil Center, 505 N. 20th St r.ot, Bi rm ingh~m, AI'b40 ..... 35203.

Phont 12051251·5885.

The Ford Law Finn innouncU the ulociation of T Im Cue. Alu yarltrough and Duncan lIamilton. John 8 . Crawley, formerly circuil judg. 0( the 121h Circuit, his become 01 COUT!S<1/ to Ihe fi rm. The main offier is located al 2 129 121h Avenue, North, Birmingham, Alaw ..... 35234. Phone (205) 326-3444.

Clyde E. Elli. announces t~t ~ has joined the firm of E\H, Ii £l1i. as, Wreholdtr. omcn are IOCittd at 90 1 Crawford Stlftt, Vieksburg. ~i,"",""ppi 39180. Phont (6011638-t1353.

Fori! Ii liunler innouncu thil H. £diar Howard ~. heeo .... iU.oociat.d ...ilh the firm. Offices are loc.attd at 645 Walnul Street, Sui te 5. P.O. 80. 388.

Gadoden. Alabama 35902. Phon( (205) 546·5432.

Rod en &: Ibyet announces that Jlmu 1\. Sllmet. formerly of Slimes ... At,hi$on. hat joined the firm. The firm 's new n3mt will bt Rodtn. llayu.

C.l1fT Ii Starn ... Offices ire located al 20)5 Fin! Avenue. North. Suite 400.

Birmingham, Alabama 35203. Phone t~t

(205132s.6869.

SiNer &: \'oi! announces thit lbomu C. F. Lndry. formerly liw clerk to S.nior UniUd SIatt. Diltrict Judge Daniel H. Thomas. has btcomo a.5OCilIt· .d with Ihe flrm. ire located

Ba<:hus 0- Assodates P.OFItSSIONltL INt'ESTIGATIONS I} SBRVICB OF PROCBSS

ome"

• CRIMINAL

CASES

ATTENTION ATTORNEYS: Our firm prooldoo. ;", •• ~.....,.. 10 1he ....................... _ _ _ _ _ Woo ..... "'" 15 __ at - . . . and _~ e>.l*ieooce. FM Sltua ..... InIutanc:e Dor:u~ ...... """...... T2 I .. s.. _ _ (buI ..... IImiIId 10) ..... ·+ l og; Field 1.......1III. lIon. • ..........1 Injury • A .. I & Thl ....... ,.,., LlIoDlllly R.II ...... Acc:1d.nl. (Including F.I!.L.A.) • T.. ttl<: Acc:lden" • Wlt_ LocMlon s..r ....III.nc. • Work. . . eompenN'1on • Property Oam-ve • In ...... nc. CI.lm 1""""i9Iolionol fOO" S35.OO per hour (pi'" • • "",...), ....... can IlOl allotd 10 .,... up IIlr. ~ for non-pt\)dUCIIYe l.-!gallons.

For more In~ion oontld: Ha rry W. BoIchu., Jr.

14-Hour Phone: lOS/649-S984 THE AUBA.\\A LAWYER

P.o. Box 180066 Mobi". Al,bama 366t8.(l()61l

PAX Phone: ~OS/649-S886

St:rrEMBF.: R 19931 293

Betv.~en ~lay

12,

"d

July 30, 1993, the following attorneys made pledges to the AlabafJl3 State Bar Building Fund.

Thei r names will be included on a wall in the portion of the bui lding listing all contributors.

Their pledges are acknowledged with grateful appreciat ion.

For a list of those fJl3king pledges prior to May 12. 1993, please see previous issues of The Alabama lAwyer.

K<nn<:1h L. Goodwin

lIallie ~et Kaufman Edward Joso-ph

Kenntd~.

ttl

Norm.o Mungrnast Lemtey

I.. B!1l/Iham l..e<Joanl Charles Gary MomJ"'. Jr.

Stanley Jay Mu!phy

am""" Glenn Powell Roben W. Riedor. Jr. Paul Edwin Skidmore Michael Ivan Spo";ns Haydn M. Trtth"'l Ciroly Slone W.id John Fred Wood. Jr. Robe" lIeruy Woodrow. J!!

Williorn B. Woodwlr1.l.Jr.

294 1 SEPTEMBER 1993

4317.A Midmost Drive. Mobile. Alalla, rna 36609·5589. Phone (205) 343·01>00.

Kimbe rly O. Fehl and Phillip W. Chanc~. Jr. announce the opening of F~hl &; Chancey. Offices ne locattd at 138 Adams Avenue. Montgomery, Alabanu 36104. Fhone (205) 269.1529.

Prin ce, McKnn , McKenn a &; Broughton announces that Michael P. Windom has become associated with the firm. Omces are located at Pint Alabanu Bank Building, 56 St. Jostph Street. 13th Floor. Mobile. Alabama 36602. Th~ nuiling address is P.O . Bo. 2866. Mobi le. Alabama 36652. Phone (205) 433·5441.

Adam, &; Ruse announces that \1c, tor II, ....tt, J r. h.u joined the firm as a partner. Offices are located at 4500 One St. Louis Center. 1'.0. 60. 1348. Mobile.

Alal:>aJrn 36633. Phone (205) 433-3234.

Miller, Il&milton. Sn ider I< Odom ~nnounces th~t J onph R. S ulli~an.

T'homlli P. Old~ilv and Supn Russ ""a lker have become mrmbf,rs of the firm. and John GUindolo and Sa.tt P. Crampton have become of couns~1 in the firm', Washington. D.C. offict. M. S tephen Dampi e r and Anthony M. 1I0ffman have become associated with lho firm. The fIrm h.u offic.s in Mob ile and Montgomery. Alabama and Washington. D.C. Lange. Simp lo n. Robinlon " Somerville announces the relocation of their offices to 4 17 20th Str.. t. North.

Su ite 1700. Birmingham. Alabama 25203·3212. Phone (205) 2SO·5000.

Henry E. hgman announces that Gftgory L. Cue has become an associ, ate with the firm. Offices are located at 200 Cahaba I'ar~ South. Suite 102.

Birmingham. Alabama 35242. Phone (205) 9SO·1199.

Michul Gilli on. Benj a min II .

Brooks, III and Da"id A, lIamby, J r. annOunce the fo rmation of Gil1ion.

Brooks . I< lI amby. The firm also announces that Stewart L. Howard will be associaled with the firm. Office. aft louted at SOl Bel Air Boulevard. Su ite 240. Mobile. Alabama 36606. Phone (205) 476-<1350.

Perry O. II~. Sr. annOUnCes that William Cooper Thomp$on. formerly assistant legal advi50r to the Governor. is now MIOCiated with the firm. Offices a re located at 456 S. Court Str •• t.

Montgomery. Alabama 361O~. Phone (205) 834--3200.

Edward B. Raymon and Elaine Lubel Raymon announC' the formation of Raymon I< R~.... on. Offices are located at 402 N. Main St ....!. Tuskegee. Alaba, nu. The new mailing addr.,s P.O. Box 668. Tuskegee 36083·0668.l'hone (2051 127·6100. f. T'imothy .'rI cAbe. announcO$ that Tommy :o.·a.il, formerly of Parker & Nail.

BarT)' A. Ragldate, formerly of Sirote & Permutt. and Bed.y A. Blake are now associated with the firm. The flrm's new name is McAbee. Nai l I< RagJdatf.

Omces are located at 2100·A SouthBridge Parkway. Suite 377. Birming· ham. Alabama 35209. Phone (205) 879·3137.

Pnnk II . llawthome, Jr. announces that C. GiblOn Vana: i. now an MIOCj· ate with the firm. Offices are located 201 Montgomery Street. Bell Building.

Suite 1100, Montgomery, Alabama 3611)4. Phone (205) 269,5010.

Blmett. Noble &; 1I0no, announces that Janice G. Formato h.u b«ome a member of the firm. Offices are located at 16()(l City Federal Building. Birmingham. Alabanu 35203. I'hont (205) 322· 0471. lIardwick. Hlu ,e I< Seg rest announces that j{e~in W.lding. formerly staff attorney for Justice Maddox. h.u become an ",sociate with the firm.

Offices are located at 210 N. Lena Street. Dothan. Alabama 36302. Phont (205) 794-<1144, W~ t,on &; Ibrri 50n announces that Ryan deG ...rfenried, Jr. hal joined the firm. The flrm's nt'<.· name is ""at,on, lI . rri$on & deGn.ffe nried. Offices are located at 1651 McParland Boulevard, North. Tuscaloosa. Alabama 35406.

I'hone (2051 345,15n.

Si rote &; rormutl announceS that J ohn C. f al kon bo rT)' has joined the firm. Offices are located at 2222 Arling· ton Avenue. South. Birmingham.

Al3bama 35255-5727. The mailing addr ..s P.O. Box 55727. Birm ingham.

Phon. (205) 933·7111.

Lynn McCain and William B. Ogle· tree announce the fornution of McC.in I< Oglet,..." offices aft touted at The Printup Building, 350 Locust Stred.

Second Floor, Cadsden. Alabama 35901. Phone (205) 547·0023.

• THE AU\BAI>\A lAWYER

YOUNG LAWYERS' SECTION

By A. Lester Hayes, fII, presiiient

"STOP AND SMELL THE ROSES"

Ii il

1993·94 YLS Officers

'00""

h, m«"" of Ih. Alabama State Bar Young Lawyers' Section wu held July 15. 1993 .t the slale

bar's annual muting in Mobil •. Officor.; for the upcoming term are 11.1 Wu t, president-flocl; Barry Ragsdale, seCre ·

lary: and Alf~d Smith, treasurer. On behalf 01 QUf offictrs. ! remind you thai

.terili,ation relating to crim inal sen· tencing. Alabama was well repre~nted at the YLD .... mbly. Eight young lawyers from Alabam. serwd as dele· gales. reviewing. debating .nd \'Oling on those issues brought before the a""m· bly. If you have any questions about the a.s.embly. give me a cal l at (205) 263-

6621.

we " .. Ioome and encourage your input on newer and bette. way. the stoction

can ser"e. not only Alabama'. young iawy<"S, but the entire bar. r 13k< this opportunity to thank immediate p.... t pr.sidenl Sid beltson fOlr all his hard work . Sid has been a

Im'mber of the YLS Extcutive Committee for a number of years, and was involwd for many jll'ars in planning and organizing Our annual I'LS Seminar on the Culf at Sandestin. holping to make it a huge success. Congratulations, Sid, On a job wen done.

1993 ABA YlD meeting Tht 1993 annual me.ting of the American Bar Association Young Lawyers' Division WaS August 6·9 in New York City at the New York Shera· ton and Towers. The .nnuat meeting .... mbty WaS h.ld August 6-7. when issues of importance to lawyers throughout the country Were discussed.

Various resolutions were debated and voted upon by assembly members. The .esuUs we .. given to the ABA Hou.e of Del.gatu as being representative of the views expr.... d by young lawyers throughout Ihe U.S. Topics debated this year include the dewlopment and implementation of alternale dispute resolution mechani.ms, pro_ po.ed federal I,gislation whiCh places limits On the amount of punitive damages awarded in civil aclions, and mandatory efforti for contraception or

TIlE AJ.ASA.'1A l.'.IVYER

Stop and .mell the rose.

In the .. cent edition of the I'I.D

Horris/er maga.ine, Caroline Ahrens. chair for the Barrister Edito r ial Board, talks about "finding personal satisfaction". She mentions how we should stop for a moment to consider why we mad. the dec ision to pursue C1Ireers in law and what it is about prac· ticing law that we looked forward to with such optimism. She luggests that by focusing again on the .. aJ;pirations an<.l puUing our hearts into it. we can achieve pers.onal satisfaction from being laW)~rs.

Young lawyers face greater problmLS and tackle complu issues more than ever before. The law is tonshntly changing; th ..e is no such thing as

a simple "fender bender" case. Keeping abreast of al1lhe changes takes time.

The deman<.ls and dudlines placed on ,lItomtys by th~ courts are increasing. Man~ clients, unknowl edgeable about Ihe legal 5~.ttm, too often ha,~ unreali stic goals, "pecting to win and to win quic k ly. The balanCing of ethiC1lI CQlLSiderations against mone· tary goals is a constant struggle, Many young lawyers are .pou .. s andlor parents ..... ith responsibi lities and pressure. "pa rat. and apart from those in Ihe office. All of the abov. factors create a situation ..... here· by it becomn increasingly difficult to "find personal satisfaction" in one's job as an attorney. The task is not. ho.....ever. imrmsibl •. It can be done and it should be done. I am sure that each of us knows at Itast one attorney whom we feel is not only a good attor· ney but also enjoyl what he or she dou for a living. Take time out to talk with that attorney aboul how he Or she "finds peDOnaI satisfaction" aJ; a la"'~r. how he or she copes with prob lems and pressure, and how he Or she has maintained a u.t and enthusiasm for work. In essenct, Itop and smell the roses, We are indeed fortunate to be members of such a fine profession; there is no other logal system like ours in the world. The chances wo have to contribute to society and help others are .ndless. Allorneys. mOre than any other profe.. ion, have a major impact on the making and shaping of laws which dirtttly affect Our daily lives. Pew. if any, occupations allow such Opportunities.

Ask yourself what you h.. e done and what you can still do. Lea rn to enjoy your work, not on ly for your own bendit but th. benefit of tho •• with whom you work and serve.

Don't just "find personal satisfaction"; maintain it and improve it.

• SEPTEMBER 1993/ 295

Law Day Essay Contest Winnen 1;......

lo..UIltrlJIn

J..,my Shone Guthrie. lot ptoce. NalNOO Nartho Earl. 2nd pl .... c"mp Hill lIonor>bl, "",nti"",: Antonio John.wn. Anni.ton Du ... K.>y Richa.d>on. Anni.ton M..tlhrw N. nu"".... Bay N i.... tt.

ESSAY CONTEST

Li .. lI-q. 1st ploce. JUf'OI AkharC •• y. 2nd ploce. r",keg..

Dorian Wult)'. 3rd place. OJ/Old Honorable "",nti"""

Cartel A<hrrn. Anni'ton Ju.tin Bl.>.il. Alenndtr City

AnII'" Burri>. Annioton

his ~ar was the fI •• t y<ar for the

essayi st in uc h category receiving a

Alabama State Bar Law Day Essay ContuL With the cooptralion of eight

$200 savings oond, and the

th ird place essayist in nch category

local bar associations and th eir local

re,eiving a SIOO and S50 bond. respectively.

This }'~r'5 two lop essayi515 "'U t Lisa Ivey of Jasper and Jeremy Guthrie of

T

school systems, winner. wer. selected in two categories: grades ).g and grades ]{I· 12.

Conte.tants Wfre asked 10 wr ite an essay USing this yUT' S Law Day theme .• Justice for AI1-A1I for Jrn;tice."

Participating local bus selected local wirme" an d forwarded their essays 10 the slate NT'S Law Day Essay Contest 5ubcomminee. chaired by S\e-.1:n Sea,.. of Montevallo. 'I'heK ~ys were judgw by the subcornmiU"., with the winning

-'- aitdw,ili O!lII', ... ._s.' oc" ' 1lofroworS!

,....

~nd

and

Na\MXI.

The Law Day Committ .. hope. other

local ba r associatio ns will consider making the usa~ contest one of thei r loc. 1 'clivities to celebrate Law Day. The Alabama Stote Bar Law Day Com. mittee will be con tact ing all local bar presidents in Janual'}' to see k their partiripatioo for Law Day 1994.

•

V"onk. Burris. Anniston "-'h it}" Call. tlay»l;'...,\\.

Mel.nio Fri ... II. Montgomery Stac.y Rhod ••• Alexand.r City

'-at IIaJ' A_ ..d . Uo...

Putklpal"'~

La..

~ ~

... lb.

C.... t.d

8a1d..·in County Bar A.<sociation c"lh<>un County Bar A.<soci.>.tion Cullman County Bar "-'><)ei.tion Et",,·.h Count;· Ba. A.<soci.ti"" ,'I.\con County Bar A.<soc"tion »Ionlgom<r)' County Bar A.<socialion 1'>11.0"""", Count;· Ba, A.<soci'lion Walk.r County Bor A.<sociation

TREPHONE (lOI 131s.9t1t

.' F_lIr*nIod lo<:I"ricII . .~, , ~~

.o;,w ......... s.o.... · _ O U p . o w t h M j _ ...... 1o~ ' 00 ~ IoKv'>Oy Book Guo!..-

FACSIMIU (IOII JI6-IJI6

AN NA LEE GiAlII NA ...TTO~I<EY · MEMBU Of Ai..ABA...... BAA SlICE 1\187

An ... t... Oi. " .... P.c.

Tho PW> Build"",,, Mopoli.o Ollk< Pw'. s"it< lla ' llll E I"fl>ohA~s...,h

So""""",,,.. Aw.. ... lllOI

Com ""t.,.. Ser.ices and Consullants 3 1 South Braddodc Streel

296 / SEPTEMB~:11 1993

_.-...._ ,..... _.._._.... _ '...---...- . .........,., . ~ . ...rn....... ........."""" <NC.,. ....." 'TlO!<

TH E ALABAMA lAil'n :1l

BUILDING

ALABAMA's

COURTHOUSES TALLAPOOSA COUNTY COURTHOUSE 8, SA.'fUEL A RUMORE. JR.

Thll (0110111;119 nmtir/ul/J a hislorll of Alabama's countll rou,/Iro/nQ_their origins "nd 10mil of Ihll fUopfll who corI/ribultd /0 Ih,,', groocth. Tht LII"',.' p/am 10 run onll """,1,'1 lIorg in II«h iss<M of ,"" ""'19'

AI."_m.

IU~. If,ou htwt ar!!I photographs of ear/v fY ptWCIl coorll!ouses, pfeose forword them 10: SamUfli A. Rumo ..., Jr.,

/lfiglioni(Q

<i

RumQT~. 1230 Broum

Marx T()UNlr. Birmingham. Alabama

""'"

I II

TALLAPOOSA COUNTY

~ ~~ljlU~

M Jled TJ.IIloJl'OOUl CountyCr(" on De cembe r 18. 1832. 11 is

jnother county formed from Ihe Cr«k Indijn land enslon of I83Z. The county's na!Tlt come. from Ihe TalllpOQU Niver. which n\lws through the county. Also. in urlitr limes. an Upper Cr«k Indian village in the vicinity was !\armd Tallapoosa. ~ name i. de r ived from two Indian

words-" tali" muninQ rock. and 'pushi" mraning PIlMriztd.

Iksides being an import,ml physiCil rutur~ in the counly. Iht TatiaJ!OO$.O IiMr ;s abo a ~gnir,canl jurisdictional boundary. II tntul tM county "I il$ no.lhwtll co ...~ •. crnlu Ho ...u~ Bmd. lhe silt iii a f.amous Indian battle. mel then Howing dllt IOUth SofMS as the ~ltm boundary iii 1M 1OU1m.-m por. tion iii the o:)Unty. It dMd... the county inlO two diillnct lKlions. ach with its own domin/lnl 1I0pull!ion cenler.

Dadeville il tut of tht riVtr and At('.Qfl' de. City is wut.

THE ALA6AMA LAWYER

As u.rl)' U 1889" Iocalllet of the iilatu.~

14-

dlYic!ed the county inlo USlem and ~Slern jurisdictions based on Iht Tallapoosa liiver. The act was amended in 1897. 1900. 1923. 1945. 1949. and 1966: however. 10 this day. Tallap(lOSa remainl one of a handful of counties "dth tw o cou rt littl. Dadeville and ALUlIndtr City.

Tallapoou. County _ homt to rrwly Indlam. particubrly ,,1o<Ig the banks iii the TlrolbpOOW R........ The bfiUI Crttk Indiuo tC\'<l'n was OIduskH. ThiJ pOpUlo· lion center had Hven braoch villages.

11$ probable lilt is now IOCOltd under Lab Martin. Ihe impOUnded wat .... of the Tlroll4lpOOW River above Martin Dam. As u.rly as 1735, British t ... ders from Cha,luton, South Carolina built a fort and tr ad ing pOll al Okfulkee in an

a\ttmpt \0 keep an t)'t on the r reoch at Fort Touloun. 40 milu away in prtSofnt·day Elmore County, and 10 ulab· lish trade with the Indians. The venlure wu nOt a commfTci.1 $UCCUI, but il mlI.ked lhe btginninQ of Indian contact wilh Englilh'ipeaking pioneers in Ihi. ara. A mwacre of British tradus took plllCuround 1160. rrench Influtnct in 1M uta urnt 10 M1 end IoIlowing tht Frmch mel Indian war. British infllltnce ca ...... 10 an ~nd following Il\t American R.""lulion.

Amtrican inltrtsU locrnstd aflu the Creek Indian WI<, wl\ich efftct ively tndod al 1M &1I1t iii ~I>oe Bend in 1814. Once Alabama ~intd ltatthood in 1819. Ifllle" urived in the Tal · lapoosa territory.

Whtn Tall apoXlS/l County W'$ formed s~:rrEMaER

1993 / 297

in 1832, Okfuskee .....as named the fi rst county seat. In later yean; OIl early pione.r ......... ked .....hy Okfusk. . ....... coo· ~n. He replied, ..... ith a touch of humor, that in 1832 it ..... il$ the cent er of popula· tion. regardle5S of the fact that rrl<)$t of the residents were Indians. The first coorthouu was a hotel built in 1832 by """is Whatley n.~r. spring on the tMt side of the ri~r. Whatley se"",d il$ hotel keeper and justice of the peace.

The first cwnty officen; were .Iected in August 1833, and the fi rst offici.1 court took place November 4. 1833.

CQurts continued to convene periodical· Iyat Okfuskee until a permanent county ~al lox.alion could be ltlected.

The Alabilrna l.tgislatur. appointed a site selection commission On January 14, 1834. Its duty ..... il$ to ~Iect a seat of justice within ten miles of the center of the county. The commi.. ione.. wer e paid S4 per day [or taCh day they ~rwd.

On October 3, 1836. they chose Oadev_ ille over Okfuskee as the permanent county seat. Oadeville had been Surveyed less than six month. earlier. In their surwy the town promolers had set ..ide one block in the cent. r of the busi· ness district for a courthouse. The choice of Dadeville Wil$ approved by the state l.tgislalure on o.cember 14. 1837.

The county ~at Commi5Sioners hired William Sentell to build. tempo"'ry IoI! courthouse. The date it wil$ built is oot known. It ..... il$ located on the southtMt corner of Broadnax and Columbus streets rather than On the design.ted court square. 11 hIId one rOOm and was 20·. W' in dimensions. The courthouse had a dirt floor and thor...... H e larg. cracks between the round oak logs.

Spectators could view the court proceedings from the outside through the "<Icks. Sentell was paid $50 for Ihe temporary structure which served Ihe county until a permanent courthouse oould be built on the designated block.

The community al Dadeville had grown up around OIl early trading post.

The establishment was located at the junction of the old Tennessee Road which brought settlers from Tennes.see, and the Georgia Road which carried pioneer. from the east. The town was named for Major Francis Langhorne Dade.

Dade .....as born in Virginia in 1793 and M fought in the Second Semioole War

298 1 SEPTEMBER 1993

_WorldW""J/T~G:><mIV~

Wont "'" It'intI addiliotl

in Florida. On IHcembf,r 2S. 1835, his men were ambushed by the Seminole ChitfOsceolaOIld only one soldier of the lOS· man American force sUf\'ived. The massacre took place nUr present-day Bushnell. Florida and Major Dade and his men are buri.d in the Federal Cemeteryat St. Augustine. Dade County.

Florida, site of Mlami, is also named for Major Dade.

The first permanent courthouu build_ ing in Tallapoosa CQunty was completed at Dadevill e in 1839. It was COIl.\tructed by the same builders, Mitchell and Cameron, who built the Chambers County Courthou~ ;n 1837. The struc-

turf wa. id entical to the Chambers CQunty Courthou~. and was patterned after the Troup County Courthou~ ;n LaCrange, Ceorg;a. The cost for this permane nl courthouse and jail was

$18,000.

The building was 60 feet long by 40 fut wide. !t was made of brick and con · strucled in the Greek Rwival style. The lower story contained four rooms. one each for th e County Commi .. ion, the sheriff, the county clerk and the grOIld jury. The second floor consisted of a cou rtroom and two jury rOOmS that ..... ere separaled by a stairway. The con· THE AlABAMA I.'\WYER

courthouS! Ind I small tower "'IS buill on tht sowhwUI corne r. Fur_ IMr Diilions _IT madt to !.M court· hooK in 1929. and an eul wing wlS added in 1947 .

Thus. Ihe 186\ courlhou.o. wilh its nulTltrous altor· al ions. served the counly for nnrl~ ]00 )'Un.

ITJoCI called for plas~rtd inltrior ..Ollis and oTNment."ll work 01 good quality.

Thil courthouse served the county IO'T

20 ~ars.

On AUQU$I 29, 1859!.M county com· mission enlered inlo a contract for a new courthouse. According to a comer· stone located in the basement of tht present Tallapoosll Counly Court~. lho builder was named P. Conniff. Tho contract c.o.lled lor the old courthouse to be relTOO'."td and a new courthouse to be built on the Umt site and rudy for 0CNpI/"II;)I by thr ",rilll! term of court of 1861. The buildi", was to be com· ploltly furnished by o..combtr 186 1.

11>1: COlI was S IUOO. Duri.., construction. tht couTU CI)Tlvmtd and county businus tool< pLico at the Methodat ~nd &ptist churches in town. Also, a "b r ic k house" on t he square was ~d by the court. The completed cou rt house was a Iwo · slory siructure with. fint Hoor entrance and two cUTVinQ stlirwilj'S luding up to the second HOOT portico and doorway.

By ]901, tht coullty nuded I Lirger facili ty. Instud 01 tearing down tht structure, I new courthouse ",as buill iround Ihe uisting courthouse. W.C. ChanlbtrLiin ind Co.. was tho archilOC, luf31 firm which drew up tht pbns and W.R.l-brprr served as buikler.

Tho additions to thr courthooK com· ple tely changed its ap\l"l'arance. New brick fadnj surrounded tilt building. A magnificent clock and btll tower .."trt const ructed on th t Ul t end of the TH~:

AUBAMA lAWYER

Munwhilt. on 1M ....ut lido 01 tM TilliapooSli lI ivu, AkAndt. City was 10 become the LntHI city in TiILipool.ll County. Dur_ ing Ihe 1831h, it was a Irading ~t known as 1M "Ceorgi>. Stort". Thtn !.M Young flmily from South CuoHna moved inlo thil fuming i fn and became prominent mtmbers of th e community. It soon Clmt to be knoYm as YOIlngwille.

By 1M 18701 Iht Savannah and Mem· phis Railway Com~ny was compltling ill lint Ihrouih AI.bama. In tht link bttwun BirminQham and Columbus.

Ceorgia the TJoilrO»d decided that tM tTJCkJ should pus through YoungsIIille.

Tlu fulure growth of tht lown WI, auurtd. Th. gratdul ciliuns of Youngsville wWltd to"-, !.Mir awrtclillion. They decided to rename their town in honor of Central Edward Porter Aluandtr, pmidtnl of tho rail· road. Tht town was officially rtnamtd AluanderCityon March 19. 1873.

Aleunder WII a nat ive of Georgia who graduattd from Wut Point as an t ng inter. AI the outbreak of the Civil War he wli slil l ioned in Ihe weSI in Wuhington Territory. He resigned from the Uniltd SlUts Army and oft"tred his ~rvicts 10 tilt Confederacy. lie ripidl, rost from clpllin 10 brigldier general and distinguished hiIT\M11 in baltlt. AI WlIr'S end Iv was only-29. rollowingtlv WlIr, Alt:wuler served as a profasor it IIv Unw.r.ity of South Ciroli",. Then, in 1871. he was named sup-e rintendent of Ihe Charlottt and August Railroad. Shortly after this he

btc.I.rTIf president of tlv SaYiUlJllh and Mtmphis IWITOId. In Littr life Alexan· der Hrvtd as I commissio ... r for tho United SUt~ Commission oIlWlroads and ~1s. and as an lroitBlO'T 0I11le boun<4ry dispute bttw'ttn Costa Ric.o. and Nic.a ........ In ]902 Iv btamt !.M first former Confederatt Arm)' oifl«r to be i fealured Spaker lit Wtst Point He ditd in ]9]0 in SavanOilh. Georgi>.. on. month shy of his 751h birthday.

By tht 1880s. Alnandu City had grown tremtndously. Whenever legal businus WIS to be transacted. Alex Citians lad to IrawllS mil .. and cross the Tallapoosa RMr to ruch the county sut it DadMlle. A group 01 citiuM undtr M.lyor B.l.. Dean mtI 10 chan~ thIs ;nconvtnifnt condition. They propoHd to build a courthouse at tht ~ olloc.o.l J)tOI)le and with no ...... tUtl for the county. They ~titiontd tilt LtgisLituft for ptrmission.

On Ftbruary 18. 1889 tht Alilbilma LtgisLilurt iIlIl~ a circuit court for Altnnde r City. Tht court would m .. t on the StcOnd Monday in february and Augll.lt tach ~ar. Jurisdiction would bt the territory in Ihe county _SI of the Tallapoosa Rlwr. The loc.o.l act would bKomt dfoctivt on the H<:ond Mondloy in rebTUlry 1890. B~r. the", "'.... thr ~ pn:Mlion tN.t tht law would not into effect until a suit.>blt court· house was built in ~r City.

The townspeople gol to work and built !.Mir courthouse. 11 ...... rtiIdy for tht $!Hi.., Itrm 01 court in 1890. It was also quile uniqU4' btc.I.use il was built tntirtljo from priWott subscriptions and

eo

noIlU monty.

Tho ptOCllt of AI ..a"""r City are not

unduly suptrstitious. but Ihis first courthouse in Ihe town Lisled apprOJli · mately 13 yean. Thtn i great fi re occurred on Fri<4y tht 131h of Junt, 1902. It started in a blKksmith ~, but. brisk wind blew the firt from building to building. M.... t strodur .. _re woodtn and they burned quickly.

By Lite iltemoon tlltry businw in !.M downtown Uta had bun dutroytd. including the courthouse building .

Somt courthol.lst records _ re uvtd from tilt fir. and a clerk's offict ",as soon set up at the homo of the local neWI~~r editor. After tht fire. new fi re codel ~re implemtnled and in th~ future only bri,k and stont buildings SE Pn:MBER 19931 299

By 1960. T'alla]lO(lSa County nwIed,

cou ld be erected in tilt downtown bus i·

new princip.al cnurtlwluK Ind it cGlll·

~.~

A KCQIld Aleunder City t()u~ .... 01.1 buil t followin, the fin. It wllS II n.-o-stOf)' brick boildil>ll tNt would be UMdIor limost 4(1 )UllIn the)'Un 1938 to 1939. AltLUldtr City erected a nt .... ci ty hill. Ont of the objectivu for the new buildin g Wlll to houu t he ci rcui t cou rt and d rcuit cle rk . T.C. Ru ssell wu mayOr. Rnbtr t iln d Cnmplny, In c . serv ed as arch itects li nd engint ers. Andrew li nd 1)1IwtO n we n bu ildin g co nt racton. Tn th il day. the " Itnnder City circuit cou rt and circuit clerk occupy tilt JtCOOd floor« City H.!.II. This kJa.. t inn il rtco,nind by the "I aba m.

Adminillral iw Office of Courts as 1I ' court lite".

plettd its plUtnt courthouse at Dadevitte. The build in, is a t h ree -sl ory stNClurl wilh I butmtnL It was buill rod brick MId contains wings utmdin, from nch lilk. The build il>ll was ur>eltr CO<\ItNClion from 1958 to 1960.

It cost ipprol imattly 5600.000. Lynn Blii r ComtNClion ComIWlY of Ale"",,dOT City seTWd;u «KltrllCtor. and Mu· l in J. L1de of Bl rmin ghlm was iTchi ttc!. The dedication of th e new Ta llapoou County Cou rthouse t ook place ~tur~y. June 18. ]960.

•

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TM ouillor gTOldul/,I aclmow/OOges III. ass/slana of Dadeville aUomell John ITrq OIiIY>', II for OOioining ~ 1000' ophs 01 TolloptJOS<J Counlll ~rl""'=

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Addltlonel

.ourc••:

A lIislo rll of Tol/opoolo Counill.

Willilm Pnulty In,um. 1951; Tallapoosa Coullli'-JI. lIi.tor/l. The Tal Lapoow. BicmttnniaJ CommiUtt. 1976; Ind SomI P»lI!t ' J of ToIIopoow Coon· til AIoborno. ~ndno So 11"l15on. 1991.

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CLE Materials for Sale!

S20 (incl udes postage) Ower 460 NO of helpful mfonuUOd

300 fSEPTEMBER ]993

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B. L<gi.latiw Upo:bl. ( . f.dtr:ol r...,. Upcbtt D. Criminal t.n., Upo:btt

Tm: ALABA"IA LAWYER

Essential References For The Alabama Practitioner

Alabama Torts CaseFinder

Alabama Rules of Criminal Procedure

by Allen Wiudsor Hau.l'iI

by Hugh Maddox

ALllwnol Torl$ ~

Written for deft'Il5l' attor· neys. pro:5«Utors.lond the

FindH will din'd )'OIl 10 the asestNtwill helpyoo ...in incourt. Thisportabie

p:!iciary,Justice~dOl<"

dc5kloprefenoncerontains citations loaU leading A1.Jbruna cases ill vclving

Abtwn~ RulH of CrimilUI Procedu~ guid~ Ja~fromtheinitial

tort is6uesanangt'd under

compLlint throughpostconviction remedies. The book is the first rclen>nce tool to wrove together therompJete RulEsofCriminal1'rocedure, thecorrunents from the AdvisoryCommitt«tNl proposed them.1ond the author'sprncticIl ;><!vicI! for o.u'Iderstanding the Rules. EachchapterrondudC'S with "PrKtice Pointt'l'S" to help Ieg;II p'...... .JNIs undeDtand and ~ pply 8(11 Rule. Thtappendixmntainsa Tabled Rule!; with their appija.blelormsand providesan invaluablecase·~ forboth proserutorsanddefen5eattOl 1kjS.d.l'5aibingin chronoIogiaJ crder l'S6eI\tiaI proo.'dur~l stl'pS and the Rules tNt apply to them. Use At.1wn.J RutH of Crimi.ul f'l'OC'tdurtas yourrom~!IOI.lm'forunderstanding

395lopkhcadings. Following t'aCli cite, the book paraphrases, summ.:lrizes, and oo:asior.allyq~thedecision, This h,mdy bookalsoincludessurnmariesof relevant Alabama court rule5 and statutt'$, including the "tort reform" legislation of 1987,

Oesigned,arranged,and incIexed with lherusy

~ in mind, A"'1wn.J Torts c- F'mder is anexa'!lenl1OOl lor pt('IriaI prtparationas ......u asa quick,ekiE'lIOt in lhecourtroom.

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COMMITTEE ON ACCESS TO LEGAL SERVICES

Boon! 01 Bo, Com..,; .. I....... Uala"", Samuol A. Rumore. J, .. BiTminglwm ....

CIIofr: F, Lukt Co~,lr.,Mo/lihr.,

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302 1 SEPTEMBER 1993

•

Dorothy P. Norwo<ld, M<mlgomer)J W. Mo. gon Butl... R<xmoke

THE ALABAMA u\WYER

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ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF BAR EXAMINERS

IfOII. Waller C. JIrida«. I~'_

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CLIENT SECURITY FUND COMMITTEE

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•

J. B. Seuiono. Ill, Mobile Richa,d D. Shinl>aum. MO/1I~ L. Byron Reid, 0"1110/1 SEPTE MBER 1993 1303

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ETHICS EDUCATION COMMITTEE Chal ...

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." ....... 26!J--15IS

ll' .mbt,.,

Ilobb\' N. Bright. Nor!I"""""" 1.",,11< M, Ma,.<h, 7=100SIl I. Doo(Ios McElw)-, n.s.",looso Gary F.rri •• BirmingMm Cha,lt. N. McKnight. NI)biI~ lamos E. M.I.",.. 7aila<kg<l Robor1 F. Nor1h<utt, NonigQI-V lock M. Smith, 1WIr~ hulilul4 Clift"" Pony,kbum lohn f. Iant<ky. Nai)ik

Michatl Froso, ford. Tu.<rum/Jid Robor1 Baugh , Birmingham lI"illilm Scott Donaldson. n.s.",1""", CI.nn C. lI"ad<leli. Birmingham Thomos A. Nonl ... IV. n.s.",100SIl Bany A. Ragsdale. Birmingham Cha,l .. P. Mi ll ... Nonl"""""" Am T.. ylo,-Sodbo,ry, Birmingllam ludson W. Well •• Nai)i/~ Th<>mos R. Elliott, I, .. Birmingham Mark V.uglw>.Elba John N_ Randolph. Birmir>g/!am Cbrent< McDorman. Birming;u,m An"" R. Mo>< •• Birminghom Alit)' A. Kitchings. Ir.. Birmingham Robort 11', Norris, M""lgonK'IJI , Ex Officio William B. Haimon.lII , Birmingham, Ex Officio L>voo W'mn. Binningham. Ex Officio

INSURANCE PROGRAMS COMMITTEE Cb.lr.

J. IItntlt)' Owtns, Ill, 8irmingll"", __ ____ ........ 868-6000

\;ce-<:hair.

Eliwbtth C, Iloo\noIoller. MonlgonK'lJl ............ 269-3561 Boord of Bar Commu.ioM,. Lla!.oon: JomesS_Uoyd. BinningMm .... ,..... " ...... ,........%7-&22

FEDERAL TAX CLINIC SlOff UoIOOQ' Ktith B, No""",,. Nor!lgonK'IJI , _____ ....... " ....... 26!J--ISIS

\'"unl LaW)'t,.· R........ IOI"'", Thorrw A. KenOrick. Birming;u,m.

M.mbt,., EmfSl Potl... H""I&'liil4 Wendell Cault)'. M""I"""""" Alan E. ROltlft"',. M""I~ Ronald Levitt. Birmir>g/!am LouiJ 11. Andt .... Birmingham Richa'd Woods. Mai)ile ludith L. McMillin. Mai)il.

11. Iw.k Hutchinoon. III. MonlgonK'lJl Scott E. Ludwi",II""ln"II.

Staff Li.loono: Reginald T. !t>m".•. Monlgomrn; ..

INDIGENT DEFENSE COMMITTEE Chair.

Wil li1m R. 8Iancha,d. I ... Monlfl'JffleTJl___ ___ .. 269·9691 3Cl4 {SEPTEMBER 1993

.. .............. 289· 1384

Slaff LJ.I....,'

\1«-<:hai... _-. .... 34a..5752

. ........ 745---6348

\'ou", La..,..,..' " ........101"'"' flylor T. Perry. I, .. Dtmopo/;..

... 241-8000

Aly .. M. Sprotl!. 7u=/r.>c.ul ...

The .... D.. n. OpeIika .. __ __ ....... " ....

K.ith B, No""",,. NonlgonK'lJl

"...... .32a..6643 " ...... 269-1515 " ...... m · ISIS

!·'embt,., ]0::«> I. Lto. Birmingllam Cha.l .. H. Moses. Ill, Birmir>g/!am KIlton 0 , _"<1ft, Binningllam Allen Cook. AmkIlus;" Cha.l .. II. Sooth, Ir,. Binninghom lame, A. HaU<rt)'. Ir.. Binningham Cheryl ?Tice. Monlgomrn; Lyman II. Harris, Birmmgham Mary Lynn Camp;.i. BinningMm Timothy P. Donohut, Birmingham

Edw.'"

•

THE AL4.8A."IA lJ\WYER

I.mes F'Iint UdOOn. Birmmgham Bill ROtddtr. Mobil~ l. 1",,1 Colli,... """"Ix CilV Donald MeCal>< . [)Qleville C..i" Black. TUSCIiIOOSD lI. nl}' H.nul . Birmingham Ch.>,I •• Simpson. &V MiMlle Michatll. MeK .. loy. Birmiflgloom C. Willilm Cloddtn. Ir .. Birminglutm lohn 4rl Pal=i. OJrroill"" Robert E. Padon. 8uJemer

Chris Ch. i,t. 8mr,inghom Larl}' tta.".r, 8irminghom Stewn B.ackin. D<>thon Tlmtria 0ri... 1I, c.m/~11e Cynthio M. Calr.oun.Annis/"" CI.M r.... r. Monlfl<1"W'V Donald R. Horn.. Ir .. Birmingham Undo C. F'Iip~. Birmmgham &nd .. K. Meadows. Mobile Stephen 11', S,,"w.8irmingham Thomas Eli< I'ondo,. MO"-I(I011>O'l' Anott .. It. Verin. &s.semiIr E. Le,ley Smith, Birmmghom C,,"rl.. O. Lan(lord. Mool~ Ott'lIlh A. Criffin. Mobile luli.A. Pal .... r. Birmmgham Trudi. A. Phillipo. """isl"" SIt.... ,t C. Sp,inger. Birmi"{lham Chari.. Rudu. Mobile Kathy E. Sogl". Datktiill.

Will iom E. Bright. Ir.. 8irminghom lonK.Tu .... r.Mon~

Chri'lopht, C. Hu ..... I1I.Mr>b.i/e

NEW AlABAMA JUDICIAL BUILDING Choir.

I'1oUI}' O. Smith. Moo/fI<1"W'V

....B3HSOO

\i ..·. hlir: C, Sage l~.Mobil...... ...... .

Boord of Ilar Commi.,I0...,.. UaI..,.:

...432-4481

Richard Ci II. MOOliJ()IYI<!I)j ............. .

.. .834·1180

Youn,l.Mo)oo",· 1I........ n.. tl>..: W• ..," Laird.kspo!r .. _ ................................. .3&4·9272

COMMIITEE ON LAWYER ADVERTISING AND SOLICITATION

S1111 L.. I... n: K.i!h B. Nonnon. M""I(I011>O~ ..................... .269·1515

C,,"ir: \ ... ~ltalr:

Tony C. Mill ... Birmingham ....... .................... 254·1000 Boon! of B.r Comml..lon ... Ult ... n: Tim Dillard. Birmingham ... .. ..... ........... "... 251·2823 You", LawyerS' R<pr... nt.tlvo: T, Cowin K""""' ... MOOlfI<1"W'V .....................8;3.1·1680 SI.ff Ual ... no: Mill"" 1'1 ..... MO"-I~ .. ,...... 26!J.15IS ~ic ki Cluoroth. Montgomery . .. ....... 269·1515

ludith S. C. itl.ndtn. Birmingham Chari.. B. Attndall,Mobil~ Thoma> N. ~mrthe ... 8irmmg/lom lock F'Io)..:I , G.uIJdm Robort Spr:nc., TUSCIiIOOSQ I.mes 5t ..... ,.., M""lgomery Oo~ 11'11 .... Monl~ I. Don foot ••• DwIh"., E. P. Slults. Birmingham Robort T. 1'1. - . 111. Opclika

M.m.....:

Edward B. Raymon. T'uskry« 5t ..... n K. Coou •• Birmingham \\'illiom P. Cobb. II.Moo/fI<1"W'V Cha,I,. A. 1'00:<11. Birminglram Geo,g. 8orn<ll. Cu"Iers<.;lIt W. Kirk o..vonpOrt. Birmingham bhrnMllaffreo, D<>/ium I. f""ter C"rk. Birmmgham

Fo ... ot Latta. Mobil~ William M<Co1lum tiakomb. Birmi"{lham lohn A. Caddell. Dt!<:alu r. E. Officio

JUDICIAL CONFERENCE FOR THE STATE OF ALABAMA ,' \tmb<n: 1M C. Cauaci)o. Enltrjlri« Edga. M. Elliott. 111. Birmingham Chari.. II. Paterson. Moo/gomerV

G>I}'A. Hudgi ..... [)Qlium

C""rl,, I. Lonnt. Birmingham Ktith Vtiga>. Birmingham Willi.m F. Smith. Il , Birmingham Li.. Huggi ..... Birmmghom Doua..... Culp. Birmingham David B. No,ri •• Birmmghom lackie O. 1.."".If<1millOfl Stewart 1'1 , Cox. Birminghom All,. A. Ritcni •• Mobile Vane ... Thomas, Birminghom l. V..ti", Stabl... Birmingham Ern.. t H. Hornsby, D<>tlum C, Stotl Fruitr. TwaIIOOSD

LAW DAY COMMIITEE C,,"Ir:

SI..... n R.

su... M""I""'1/0 ........ " .... _ ....... _....665· 1211

\'Ic.~hlir.

Mork l. Omo. Birmingham ................

II<»rd of Blr Com",I......... Uli ... n: Somu,l H. Fr. nklin.8irmmgham ....

...... 581-11700

You", LawyerS' R<pr" ' ntlt!vt: Archi~ l d T. R«'I<>' IV. Mobile. ,

..... 432·5511

.'1.m"',,: C,,". Ie, Amos Thorn.,..,n. 8irmmg/lom

TH E AIMIAMA LAWYER

.. ... 547-r028

C" I/OI}' S. C"" imo"". G.uIJdm

i'!.mbo"" fred 0 , Cra)'. '!lJskegN I. u.l" Hubbard, Mool~

.. ... 254· 1000

•

Rand}' W. F.~,HIm/wille

Prof, Chari .. O. Col •. Birmiflghom

SEPTEMBER 1993 1 305

Thorrw S. Albriu"",JInJ<II,..,.., W. S<lden. Birmingham

Fronk B. PotlS. Florma W. Terry Tr,wi •• M",,!gomerg C.rold R. Paulk. ScoJIsboro Eliubtth D. E.shtlman.Birmingham ....hlt)' 1I'.lki.... Birmingham MichKl N. Melnl,. .... Birmingham Ricl\llrd N. fI. IOlon. TusalIO<Wl

J~k

LAWYERS HELPING LAWYERS COMMITTEE Choir.

C. T.... II lI',.nn. Ir .. Birmingham ..

....... .328-5330

l>mr$ D. Smith. TusaI/OOSiI

li«l..:hair:

11'.11 •• Alle n K,lIey, H""lwille Sitphtn V, Hommond.l.l<'Ool~r Hon. J. <Armon llou,lon. IT.. Monlf1On1l!TJ1 Alicia K. Hoyne>. Birmingham Ralph L.o.tl.... Mooi/"

H. nk H.,.·ki .... TusalI0<Wl .....•....... .. ....... ......•..339·3215 lIoorti of Sar Commlu lo ..... 1.;"1.,.."

John lIolli.laok<ot1 . Gan!"" .. .. .....

Stoff 1.101.,..,: K.ith B. Nonn>n. Moo!g<JmE'II .....

,".m"" ...: Ch<ryl W. SimonettL Birminglwm

...269·1515

AlABAMA LAWYER REFERRAL SERVICE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

11'. 11" J. f'rk<.lf,mls.·ille carolyn B. Ntl.,..,. Birmingham J. S.nlord Mulli.... III. Birmingham Barry C. L......II. MonlflOl'Wll Ed-;,;n M. V.n 0.11, Jr., 1\11 GIg Miclwl S. Sh<i... Birmingham

Chair:

Gus0'"" AlI<n R_ .. lJt.cr1!ur. ........................353·7031 \i<o..:lWr: W. N. W.toon. Ft. 1'a!f"(l ....

B-oa.nI of Bar Comml.. I"".n Lblwn:

Edward R. Jockoon. Jasper Alb<rt E. Byrne. Dolfum

Sitphon K. Griffith , Cull"""' .... ....... ................7344156 Sioff Liai..n:

L KtI1n<lh Moo .... ~ Thoma$ M. Wilkil\$Oll. E~faula J. M;wey R.II•. Jr .. Birmingham

K.ith B. No"",n.MonI~ .......

SotntoTY. Lawye. Reftrnl So,,;"': Kalheri ... C,woer. Monlgomery...

J.mes O. Stand,idg •• TusalIO<Wl Douglu J. Fu.. lIunl><·ill.

Robert II. Adoms. Birmingham

fnnk R. rarUh. Jr .. Birmingham

James R. lkto.1e •• TalllJSS<l'l!

Roger Pi.rc •. Auburn Cl iff WriShl. FI()TmCrI! Jack 1look" 1I'•.,..r. Monrwt'ille Jirnm}' D. PO(II• .<Ionl~ lohn David Knight. Cullman lohn C. Gull.hom. A/berldlk RUlh SIOnt Extll. C<>dsdm

Chair:

Thoma$ A. Smilh. Jr.. Cullrmm

Mory L,.nn Bal ••• Birmingham ............ .. ........... 823·!14.)9

Jamu flail. Tuscaloosa Phillip M. Luli •• Mobil.

l 'ko-cll>lr.

Lily M. Amold. Birmingham .. ...... ....... .. ........... 870·0555

COMMITTEE ON LOCAL BAR ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES

Board.f 8 .. Comml.. ioOlOr'l Lloi.. n: ....... 222_H 03

Cludr::

VOU"' Lawyon' R' pr... nl.U ..:

Thomas E. Dryonl. Mobile ........ ,...... " ..... " ...... ,.432-4671

Robert E. Amulron,. III. Selma .

Stoff LWoo": Morgo ...1 L Murph,.. MonlflOffll!!1l .....

\ i«..:halr::

lui;" C. Kimbrough. Birmingham

..... 269· 1515

V"" ... LaW)"OTS' Rtp.uentoli>..: Chrio Coumani .. Mobil.

." tmllen: Will ;"m R. Loul<n. Mobile

Colvin O. Sigge .... ~

L<e M. Holli•• Birmingham E. Paul J""... Afuamkr Cilg Doh .. L LoaN. Monl~ C~llman

306 1St:I'TI:MBt:R 1993

" .690-8340

M.",be..:

Pal rie;' lI.millon. Monlgomery

John F. Kizer. Jr .• Birmingham S.... ".... It. Mill •• Tusalloosa

.. .324·9-I!>I

Stoff Lbol .. n" Ktith B. Normon.MoolflOffll!!1l .. .21)9· 1515 M.lin<lo W.I .... M""I~ ,....... ,...... ,........ .269·1515

Timothy B. lb.vi • . Afuamkr Cilg

_,I}- J. 1'os<1\lI1i .

. ...... ,26~ ·1515

John F. JOnt •• Jr .• Alldal"';';' J.,. C. Cu$.\dy.lT.. EnlnpriM

LAWYER PUBUC RELATIONS, INFORMATION AND MEDIA RELATIONS

PowtIl.Ill .An dal~ ......

.. ..... .26~·1515

Members:

P.ul A. PhiU;~. Birmingham c..ry A. C..I"". Mooi/" lb.vid Chem;'k. MoIJik Paul C""II". Birmingham Robert F. C;"k.Mooile

AIl .. r

. ...... " ............... 84~IO

•

TOmen. Driskill. C~nter5l.';lk Robert J. Hedge. Mobi/" John C. Gull>h(.m. Alberlville Chrioloph<r H. Criffith. C<>dsdm Ra,. Noojin. Birmingham THE AlABAMA LAWYER

Undo McKnight, 1'uscQ1OOS<1 Richard Ib.moty. lV. Doilwn &nit. Smith. Dothan \\ll1iam 1M Hom. D«iJlur TNdi. A. Phillips. Anni<1On Cynthia M. Calhoun. Ann;'I"" S""", Coni"" RU"IU.illJr!lwiU.

Jamu O. Pruett. Birmingham David Wirt... Jr. Mobil. \','illiam W. W.u<. Mob'k Potrick H. Tot•• FI, ~ Dougias J. C.nteno, Birmingham John D. SolI(m, Birm;,.gham Deborah P. Fi,her. Birm;,.glwm Sn.ron A. Woodard. Birminglwm Robert L McCUlley. Jr .. 1'uscQ/oosa WilliMn C_Wood. Birminghom I. Robert hulk. f'n1l1uiJt~

MILITARY LAW COMMI1TEE Chair:

Robert T. Meadows. HI . Optlika

. ,. _____ ....... 74506466

\1«-<halr.

Sandra K. Mudow>. Mobile_ ....

.. .... .343·7717

!Ioord ftf II>r Comml.. ion<", Ualooll: Robert M. Hm, Jr .. FIoNrra ......

PREPAID LEGAL SERVICES COMMI1TEE

" ... ..767.Q700

Chair.

Robert E, Sa$ser.MQt1lgomery ........................ .8J4.7800

you.... l.awytn· Rtp ...tnlatnot:

for, ..t C. Wil.."" III, Mobile .. _. ........ 432-5511 SI. ff Ual ... ,,", Rtginakl T. Homnt •• Monl~ .....,...... ,..... 269.1515 Robert W. Norri .. Mon I~. _.. ____ ...... 269-1515

\'\u..,holr:

lII.mlle",:

Youn, La_n' Repn .."tatM: TMrrw J. M.thvin. Montgomery ...................269.2343

....k. J. l-lor.c""k.M<1dison...................

!loon! of B. r Comml..iofItn Li&i"'D:

John E.CIwon,&yM;.mI... .. ____ ......... " ... 937.219 1

Cn..ltl Spo .... Hower 8oyOl1 E. Morgan. Enl~ John W. Grim",. Birminglwm Denni. M_ Wrillhl.MonI~ fnnk Williams. Jr" Cullmtm Thomas E, Snoddy, [)I)"bI~ Springs William C. T""I«,. lr.. Birmingh4m fronk M. Caprio. illJr!4ville ). DoNold &nb. Mobik Drborah M""IlfOm<ry. Birmingham W. mt S. H..,th , HUl14vill.

A. David F.....I. Birmingh4m K.:IthtHn Henderoon , Birminglwm J""k W. Wal l;>ct. Jr.. Monl~ Ronald C. ~lt.lus.l/unlwilk Richanl F, ....I.n. M(ml~ Do .... ld C_lWhrr.MQt1tgomery B. Iloozr, Downs. Birminghom Victor Kelley, Birmi>Jg/Iam Michatl M. F'litl/OI. Birmingh4m

SllIffLlal......: Keith B- NOTTTlOn, MQt1liJGmt7JI .... .. .... .. .269-1515 Mmoo 101.,..., Mrmlg<Jmt7JI ... ..... ________ ........... 269. 1515 M.ml>en: Leo E. Coot.1l0. Birmirlgluim William J. Brower. Birmingham " 'ill;"'" D. Nichol$, Birmirlgham Dnnald M, Phillips. /.(me/t l.<M'tU A. Womack. Birmingham Ikwllyt BJady. Aubum Jamu A. Philips. Mobile I .......... Tm""r. ]T .. Jadrs<m Robert H. Allen, Mobile Michoel Simonetti. Birminghom William K. Roge .. , Birmirlgham Glen M. Connor. Birmir1gloam R Mik. Cooley, Birmi>Jg/Iam Oovid C, Hoi.,.., rro,

An<I'b. D. loni. Montgomery Y. D. I.oU, Jr.. Mobil.

PERMANENT CODE COMMISSION

H. Mane Thornton. D«t1IUT

CIIoIr. William B. Hai"too, III. Birminglwm .............328-.4600

PROFESSIONAL ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE

\ '\u..,hair.

E, AI.I"" Ray. Birmirlgluim ...... _..........

" ... 251 · 1100

ChaI" Romai .... S, $<OIt. 1II, Birmirlgluim ..................328.8141

BoanI 01 B. r CGmmllolomn UallOn:

S. Oagnal Rawo.l/unlwille ......... ", ............. 551-0010

\1« .. IIoir.

Lavo:tda Morgan &ule. Birmingh4m ... " ..... " .. 2s.t.J216

Youn, La,.,..",' Repr..."tatM John R Bn.dwell. Monlfl'Jl'W'V_.. ................ ".534 -7600

You", Lowy<,,' R........ ntatM: Warren B- UghtfOOl. Jr .. Birmingh4m .. , .. ___ .2s.t · 1000

Staff 1Ja1<oru:

Robert W. Nom.. Mont~ ........................269· 1515 Tony McLain,MQt1I9"mt7JI.... _____ ....... ,,269·1515 Meml>en: Cn.rl.. Crook, MontfJ'Jmt7j/ William H. Mill •• Birmi>Jg/Ittm J.... P. Evans. 1II. Birmirlgluim Edward Still. Birminglwm e..01 Ann Smith. Birmingham

THE AL\1IAMA LAWYER

. .....461 ·;-m

Stair Ual....,: Keith B. Norman, Monl~

•

" ...... ,.269· 1515

lIIemllen: Dan J. Willi"ih.>m. Cullrrum Robert 0 _Mc\\'horter. Jr .. G.uhJm Cilbert M. Su llivan. ir .. Bir-mirlgluim Timo!lly D. Davi<. Birmirlgluim Sam",,1 " WIer. Birm;,.gham SF:PTE~1BER

1993 / 307

Mombe.. :

John Richard Carrigan, Birmingh4m John L Cole, Birmingham Thorn.u B. Pricktu , II. Or>eonla Wi ll4m B, Woodw>.d, Jr .• lfu,wwill" wm Oukt Store)'. (JpdiJco Richard II. CalOr. Mnulon Michael C. Quilltn. Bi rmir1g1utm Ror.do.lI M, Wood.ow. """Won G. D.miel R«'ItS. Shelbg J. M..,k MufJ'hy. AndIllusi<l G. Port" Broc k. Jr.• MoJ;il" Elai .... L. Roymon. r~ Donald B. Weir. Jr" lfunlliVille Robert L. Barnell. Birmingh4m Saltm Rt ...... J ... MS(Jflr I~ k G. C.i .....11. Binning""'" I• .".. H. McDonald. I, .. MOOil.

ra .... " &>ch>b. &~ MineI/O John T. Itarmon. Mon/g<>mt't]/ ""'reI!> II. R<ynolds. ir .. Montgomery Dr. Chari.. L. Jont$. FI. Wallon &ach John C. Watkins. I, .. T'u.scol_ Anito Lynn Y""n~ Montgomery rr.q. S. M<CO<>t)I. Montgomery Dr. Arthur C. S_n<y, MMlgom<n; John E, McC"II<),. "Millport Donald R. It.mli o.,.../1 CitV Ittidi Itlorp, Birmingham Pa ..... la P. Robi....",. Birmi >tgham Raymond J, 1tlo..1horn<, Mootgo"""1l 1<11, <), It , Robt,ts. Cullm"" F.liabtlh R. B...... ' , Birmingham !len M. Balcley. Tusco.l_ Emiijl S. Bonds.Birminghom Robert E. U:t. MMlgorMTV Robtn It. Bowron. I... Birmingh<!m Iltt<y M3 rtin liar';"",. Birmingham

SPECIAL LTAISON COMMITTEE FOR THE BIRMINGHAM OFFICE OF THE IRS

SUPREME COURT LIAISON COMMITTEE

Membtn:

0,...,<)' J. Skla•• J••, &'rm!ngham

WWiam U:t Hom , D«olur

el>ol" Wi lliam D. Mollon. Et""fl'W" .............. " .....576·2423

SPECIAL LIAISON COMMITTEE FOR THE SOUTHEAST REGION

Stollu..; ... n:

Reginald T. It. """, •• MonlgotrWV ........... ,...... W · ISI5

Mombers: J. ThtodQ .. Jacbon. Manlgomery Thomu I. M;ilion<y. I, .. Birmi~m

Membe.. , John A. Owtns. T'u.scoloosa Sam It. Fnnkl in. Birmingham

D. Kyle Johruon. Monlgomery

UNAUTHORIZED PRACTICE OF LAW

COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN SOCIETY CIIoIr: Pat, icia

Chair:

$""""r. MMlgomery ,....... ,....... ,...... ,, 242-4116

Boord'" B. r Commi..ioo ... u..; ... n: i m y Porch , RusH/ldll. .......

Iloard ~ f Bar Commi •• iontn Lial ... n,

" ... T.ll·17S!>

Lynn Robtmon }ocbon . Claylon ..... .............. n5.J508 Young La..,.. ... • R""" .. otaU ..: Wi lli"", H.rold AlbriuOI1. IV. AndIllusia ........ 222·3177

...........332-3900

Youn, .....,. .... R.p .... nlatl ..'

Klothl ... A. Bro.",. MantgotrWV ..................... 262·6801 Stoff Li.l ... n:

Keith B, NOtnl.1n. Montgomery ................. ....... W·1515

... 241-8000

William R. Ki ~MMlgomery .....

\",u-<lWr:

Joon OIL Birmingham .

.. ..... ....533·31~O

L, Brua Ablts, /1",,1.";11. ..

\l<*-<hait:

n"

Stallu..; ...

Robert W, No"'; .. M<lrllgome'!l.

•

Millon Moss. Monlgomery " ......

Vicki G1.wroth, M(JIIlgome'!j ..

.W·ISI5 .. ...... ,...... ,W ·1515 ...... .269·1515

AND THE WINNER IS ...

The Alahama LawJ ef again sponsored ils legal writing coniCS! for Sludems aneuding law school wilhin Alabama. The winner was Gary Howard. who is a slUdent al Ihe Universily of Alabama 5.:hool of Law. for hi s paper entitled. "Improper Influences in the Jury Room- Attacking Verdicts with Juror Testimony."

308 ! SF. PTF.MBF.R 1993

THF. AU\BAl'\A LAWYE R

STATE OF THE JUDICIARY '17>tI foI/oIcing is a rotIdens«J vnsion of/hi address bg Chid Jusli«

So:Irzrw IIoTruhg .,.. 11M SiDle oIt,,* Judidarl/ 10 those Qllendin9 annual m«ling of1M AJobama Slole &1r on lu/v 17, 1993.

overnor Folsom, P,uident

G

C!amlte 5",,-11. b/lr oommislion-

cr •. fellow lawyers: I bring

"'.....

)"OU

,rulings from the Supreme Court of L..wr.... _

lMtte. """.ted,

...tt...... llfi. .

1 am firmly convinced I . thai 10051 !al.,ytrs 0( this mit ~ this na.tiOfl tNt up to lilt flith IhI.t their clients PIli in Ihtm. TlWt w;u ntvtr I time whtn the laW)'tri and judgts serving Ih. AmOT;-

can people were bener qwlified from an tducational viewpoint. worktd harder 10 !<ttp up with the changn in the law. or hid I hight. s\.ln\l.i.rd of dtlivtring I.~ .."veiH to the public.

OUr c ivil Justice system Is not

out 01 contf'Ool I wlnt to lak. this t ime tod.>y and "'POrt 10 you lIl!out the rit..1 justi~ $)'!Item in our st.'Ilt. II is no! • ~m spin· ninll 'lui of control, u former Vict pruilknl Quayle Iw. charac:tuiud tilt natio.f, civil courts mil civil jury sys-

tem.

Ther. art loren II work in our nation

TIlE ALASA.'1A U.WYE R

today utking to diminish and tVtn eliminate tm rolt civit juries pLoy in the juriJPTUdtra 01' Amtria.. Thr civil jury is at risk. I belltw. beauK it is an institution thllt tuIfIOt be bought by grm! or bribery. It ~ be the lui. i ... titution in Our mltion ... lIicll is im· mune to tile influence 01 wultll. In AI· abama ucll yur we call nearly 100,(1()() citium to jury service . If you llavt a driver's Ii·unoe or l non·driver lD you lire subject to r.. nOOm select ion.

Thrre lire no lIutomatic uemptionL n.. civil jury is indftd the conscima of OUr communities lind thtst ju rors. mainly COIIHTVlItivt lind thoughtful Alabami . ans,5tand I i OIIr -tchd.oes against cor· ruption and tyranny.

This form of citiun service was louM to be indiJpenuble by our founding fathers and is enshrined in tht Bi ll of

/hit

Rights of our federal Constitution. The Chief Justice 01' tm U.s. Supreme Court.

W;II~ It Ikhnquis\, offm the following remark u.out the importance of the civil jury: "'I'hr riaht of 1m! by jury in civil cases It common In. is fundammtal to our lIistory and jurisprudmu • "[nhost who /JIlP05t the we 01' juries in civil tNIISftm to ignoft [thot[ (tim foundtrs of ou r nation considered tho right 01 trial by jury in civil castS an important bulwark against tyranny and w rruption, I safeguard too p~ious to ~ Itft to the whim 01' tht JO\.. ...,ign. or, it might be added. to that of the judicia.

".

"The gUllrllntttJ of the Seventh Am.ndmtnt will pn)Vf: burderuomt in scorroe instanctl. .. But. I i with other provilions of the Bill of Rigl1ts. the onerous nature 0( the prOttction is no licmst lor contracting the righu stcurtd by tho

Amendment."

One W1I"j to dtip IW~ lit the constitu· tioNl right citiuru hlIvt to I civiltNI by an impartially stltded jury is 10 crt· IItt I perctived problem with juries and initiate a debate to remedy that prob· St: rrt:MBER 1993/309

lem. Throughout the nation <Mr tht I"-'t dtudt the tTutioo 0( "the" problem with civil juriu \u.s tl"'wned an industry 0( half·truths IOd misrepraotn· taliont lboul the r.,ut t of civit ju ry deci,ions thit \u.s bun pa...,d from stale to ltale. Tht same lick 0( inforrN. lion ~t the raultt 0( civil jury dtd· sions that ptrmiUed this hyprrtJok, Iw also Ihwarted any attempt 01.1 a truthful diSC\W1on of thdKts. •

TIMo FOIfN• • rUel .......

Incomplet., mlsl ••ding In February of this year, F~ Moga. published an article lIbout civil jury ""ards in AllbiolTlll whichlw CoIustd our ..tate great harm. The information in the

;drH!

"licit wu both incomplet~ and misludin\l. yelthe irticle wllS reprinted in ..... rly M'ry ~ AIibimIo ~. per. 1 thinlc il is inlttnting thai ForlJa. On( of the nitiOn', luding businuJ magazines, ntver onn con tact ed the Alabami Jud icial dtpllrtmtnt to dettrmin. if whlll it reporled w;os trut and ICCuTite, Obviomly, tho lI\I,QoUine did not w;mtthe let the facl'l keep it from truhing Alabama and attempting to Inflict harm on her pto· pie.

I admit 1 was appalled when I reild lhe Forba article. I uk.d lhe Admini,\ra· tive Office of Couru 10 investigate the CWInII ~ in il iInd to ddermi ... for rne " lrue pic:ture 0( cornpetuatory IOd

puniti,'!: damage awards by ,ute court juriu.

1M AOC, in itt invutillliion, found t hat much of the dllt .. Forhs uud "'lIS iruccuril. ~t.lUst ~ny "",arcls wcre cou nted twin, one...t the trillllM'llOd thm lit the lIpptl~e 1iM1.

II1d some IIWlIrds wtrt dlllliitated from year to year. The daU includtd ftd.ral court ""'lrds which lI", not reviewable by the Alab.lama $uprerne Court and also included awards undtr Alabama', unique ..... rong(ul death statute,

TIMo ...t of

I~

.tory

...... not In.cluded Forbu further misled tho rtader il (ailed to go PiSI the naked jury ,..,.",rd md "'port the fi ....1 dispoM. tion of the casu it ciled. What . for egmplt, did the trilll court judge do al the 1I0mmoTld ,tige? Did he or she order rtmitlitur, I ntW trial or ]NOV? Wu thert a pOSt·trilll ,..ttlnntnt? Yo'hat did the SUP"'rl"O! court do on appeal? In short. the rUI 0( the story W;!Sll'! told.

The moguine used thTft ex.J.mpl~s to portray ' run~w~y" punitiv. damage awards in Alabama. Had tho writer in~sligated he would ha~ found that his $S million example was remilttd by the trilll judtt to $500,000 VId affirmtd by the luprelnt wu rt: hi. $2 millioo example WH Id lISidt by lhe trW court VId is now 00 appul: lIIId his $10 mil· lion Dimple WH Stltltd (or an amount undtr S2 million.

Had fbroa bothered to compltte the ..tory it would hive ilso invtiligattd the individual fac:tt in thtst CoISts II1d dot.r· mined wmt 1(/ outnged 12 corutrvatM Alabama jurors 10 unanimously impose these civil finn.

Forb~1 thtn made the claim that in Alabama in 1992 juriu "g3"0 a ...... y a to\,, 1 of mo re t han $ 123 million in punitive damages." Itad the magazine invutigilled ilnd lold the whole truth it woold ha~ tOOnd the foI· ~caust

Iowinc: {I)

One of the 22 cases (a S2 million l\O'ilrdJ cannot ~ found, although the Qcts tftm to ftl a cast also listed (or 1991. TWootherColSts, one ...."Md for $300,000 lind the ot her for $250.000. were not 1992 jury

-'"

(21 Of the $123 million, S56.1 million came from fede ral courtroom.

31 0 Ist:mMBER 1993

which optrate uncIer diffeunt proce· durn and where lIppui lin. not to the Suprt/lll! Court of AIlIbimlI. but to the fflkral lIPIlOls courts ind to the Supromt Court of the United St.ltn.

131 Of the 5123 minion. 5<47.2 million were wrongful death ~wardJ under Alabama's uniqu. 5\atuto lind would I\Ot be construed ... punitive dam· 0lgtS in other SUtts.

.""bllnw ..

po.t·vetdlct

w.~

Tilt lIrticie lIlso left the imprusion lhit the U.S. Sup.eme Court . t'vtrstd the AIII),JT\II Sup,..mt Court in Prlci/k Mutual Life IniUI'lll'Kl< Ca u. H<W.ip. I II S. Ct. 1032 (1991).

To the contrary. the AI~~malystom of pO l t . verdict review of punitive dlmllie ~w",ds wls held out lIS " modd for other llitu to lIdopt . Our IlinlbrdJ u ..,1 out in Hammona~.

CitN of C ..asaen. 493 So.2d 1374 (Ala. 1986) Ind CTffn Oil~. Homsbp.

539 So.2d 218 (Ala. 1989) hive been full~ endornd by the n~lion'J hilhut

~".

In lIuslip the U.S. SUpreme COurt

Wd: "I'ro«dural safeguanb. indud· illll ill$trudionl; to the jury on the natUrf and purPO'" of punitive dltnlIQt ~ posHrill review of punitillf: darNgt nowds by the Iml rourt C(lruidtring .rlUmorated fae· tors. and subsequent companllve ani lysis by the Alab~ml Supreme Court applying subllantivt stan · dard l developed for eVlluatinl punitM dimage awards. impost<! II lUffKirntly dtfinite and muningful const'llnt on the discretion of AllIbmlll fic1·lindtn in iwudin& punitivt dimllg .. 10 tnlu r. that awards .... r. not grossly di5PfOllOT· tiONI. to the sewrity of the offense lInd wert adequatt to prottct due process rights of the iruu,... WOOst agent dtfraOOtd the insured: In the rtemt aSot of TXO Production C'oI-p. u. Allkma Resourca ~ 1993 Wl220Zti6 (U.s. W.VA.} ...-tltft tM U.s.

SUprt .... Court uphrkl a punitM Ibmage OIWlrd 52fi tirotS the tomptlWltOl'jl award, the rourt again cited Alabllma's post·vtrdict review standards ilS a modtl, Ju.llice O'Conl\Or, in di.w:nt. said:

THE AlABAMA LAWYER

"Two terma iIgO. this rourt, in HllS.lip upheld AllIblIlI\lI' s pun";"" damijje .., ime iIIainst constitu· tloml chillen~ ... [t wu rt~rtd by the fiC! thai the AlabMN courtJ subject punitive vtrdicu to tncting post·vt.dict review It two different I~ ""l s. Fint, Alabam~ trial tourU must in dicate on the record thei r rta.on. for interferin, with a jury verdict, or refuslnl to do so, on groonds of HetlS;""ntlS. Setond, the AIablIJT\II Suprtlnt Court itself provides an Idditionll[ cht<:k by conduding , C(lmp.>.raIM a",lysi. and iwlying deUiled subs\.;lntive stan dards, seyen in all, thereby ensu ring thlt Ihe IWlrd does not exceed an amount thllt will accom· plish SOCiety's jJOals for punishmont ",nd deterrence ....

"In Haslip this court C(IIKIU<.Ied that the (AIabMnI Supremo Court'J) standards ;~ I suffocitnt/y dtfi· nite lind mtlIningful corutraint on bet·finder disc:rtlion.

"Be<:auM: the .tandard. had a 'real effed' this <:OUrt upheld A1ab1.

JT\II'I r.gi.... l.g.Iinst corutitutiolloll

dwlt-nge .. ~ " If ForM "''as incompld. and m~· inl. what tMn i. tht lrut piclure of punitive darnagts in ~?

T1Mo facta In Aa.bllnw'.

tM' coul'l.

Th. Administrati .... omce of Court. colletti slalistic,,1 dala fo r the tntire trial rourt system. The <IIu is rtpOrted by the: clerk of thr oac:h court. rollowillll the utica. which appeared in Forhs, "OC looked at its dati and IllItistics to detennint if the FQtrbes numbers we.e accurllte. In order to comporl with the Forbes dlll, "OC captu red it5 data for calendar year 1992. A summary of that <lila 101·

..."

-Thr AOC <lila idtntifotd I IOUI of only 54 of the 730.000 dispolitions in lW. tml rourts during Cillenda. year 1992 in which puniti\'1' dama,el wue awarded in cu.. not involvin, " wrongful death. Twenty· eilht of tkr taltl involyed award. by juries.

The ~mounl of punitivt awards totaled

WHERE THERE'S A WIll THERE'S A WAY ~ • • ~,

t knowfle f88sons!of .... g<ng chenls to draw up a will_ ensure thaI lheor wl$he& are c arr-.ed oot, O/(lIee\ $UMvorS trad~i0T\8l

from umecessary headaches and redllCS or eIomnate true

""-

But as I peraon...-h I

neurorTll.-cuIar alS8llSe, I

Iu10w I ..... also., ef!ecl.ve way 10 leave a \ImInQ legacy ot hope lor those '" need ot

speciIIl help A beques110 ...vA could help p<CMoothe !l lh 01 M8 tOme rTi(lf8 than 1 mloon

AmerIClllIIH&CtGd by neur<;mUs<:lIIar dl seaSln

,.1ook1flg

11 you or a dllllll for a W8~ to bequest or g.tt. please Contac1

~IO

OIhet$lhIough a

0aYICI Sct.efle<. ()rector 01 PI.......a GJMg

·roa.oon

~ (}ystIoony NalIONII ~,*,

3300 Ed Sum.. Or .... , T _

~

857 18

l0021~2000

Jerry L"",s.

~r>0n81

CII/I,,,,,,,

SEPTEMBER 1993 / 3 11

S27.2 million with the midian award being $39.000. AOC found fi"" mone· tary awards in wrongful death cases. oThe tomp"ruatory awards in the .. 54 non ·w rongful death ca.es lotaled S17.9 million which means the ratio of puniti"" awards to the <:(Imp"ruatory awards was 1.51 to I. oThe punitive damage awards Wtre primarily in casu involving insu r. ance and bu.iness fraud. or conver.ion. The.., case. ron.Iituled 60 puconI of Ihe punitive awards in Alabama in 1992. Of the II cun in which puniti"" awards at the trial court level exceeded a half-million dol!;'r.;. eight inVOlved fraud Or conversion in busi· ness Or insurance dealings. oThere ...~re. only two puniti"" damage awards found in per>Onal injuryfprod·

uct liability cases where there WaS not a wrongful death claim. oTo rt dispositions in circuit cou rt totaled 9.178. This amounted to 21 p"rcent of all ci.·if cases dispooed of in circuit court . S percent of all c;,se. disposed of in circuit court, and I p"r· cent of the tolal state court caseload. oThe S4 tort caStS in non -wrongful death cases whne punitive damages ...~re awarded were one· half of one I percenl of the tor! dispositions in cir· cuit court and only oM·tenth 011 p"rcent of all ci rcuit court c;v;1 di.positioru;.

TlMo '.ct_ In lIMo AI.MIMI Sup_Court A search of all decisions released by the supreme court during the 1991·

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Plaintiff or defense.

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..

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92 court ~ar (October I, 1991·&ptember 30, 1992) rtlulled in Ihe identifica· tion of 21 non,wrongful death cases in which judgments of puniti"" damages were a.... arded in the trial courts. The court affirmed 66.66 percent Qf t he awards, reversed 28.57 per cent and Qrde red a remittitur of a po rtion of the punitive damage award in one, Qr 4.76 percent of the ca~e~. The affifTlilntt rate among this class of cases i~ 110 higher than the court'S record as a .... hole.

In cases where punitive damages ....ue at issue. the court affirmed a total of S10.9 million in damase awards and reversed a total Qf S4.7 million. The court ordered a remittilur of another 52 million. Only three case~ over $1 milliQn were affirmed in non·w rongful death appeals. The median a....ard ...... S75.OOO. The court issued decisions in four wrongful death awards during the period. Th e court affi rmed one, reversed one. ordored a remittitur of half the punitive damage award in one and one w.. a mi~id decision _ TlMo f_t_ .nd not un_ub_tantlated opini on _hould dicblt. _ tlon I urge you to decide whether or not we ha"" a cMI jl.l$\ice and civil jury S}'Stern out of control and without adequ.<lte safegu.<l'ds.

I suggest that if Forbes or others want to criticize our civil juries. oor courts or oor judgel. that i. fine. I would only .. k that they do il based on accurate data and based on cases that are decided It)' the judges and juries in Alabama trial courts which are reviewable by the Alabama Supreme Court. The outrageQus ..... ' from which anecdotes are derived are not occurring in Alabama courts. We have searched the data base and CannQt rind any "haricu t " or "football helmfl" case. that have even been addressed by an Alabama appellate court. Alabama has the finest court S)'5tem in this natiQn and I do nQ\ belie~ you would trade it for that of any oth er slate. I be lieve we continue to be in the mainstream of American jurisprudence.

In closing. I submit that Alabama ought not to be gj,~n a dooe oImedicine for a di..,ase in N~ York. California Or West Virginia.

•

THE ALABAMA LAWYER

OPINIONS OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL

.. m

By ROBERT lY. NORRIS, general counsel ,~,

"I am K~killJ! In tthitl opinion from 1M AI"b.i· " rna Stlt~ &ir Msocililion rtprding ~ .ttenlion. stong. and d~in, of e\o$td 1tQ.al filts.

"My ~ firm is quickly dtpletin, its in·11owt .1...... C1p.ci.

I

.mew _thods 0( cUt.> .tong. lind nlrievi] lllClllS microfilm. off·,itt storage and electronic

or deJlO$ited ""ith a court. l>oc:umtnl5 falling into t.ltegoriu 2 lind 3 shoutd be reliined for a Yl'uon.able period of timot at the end of which reasonablt aUtmpl5 should bt madt to contKt tht client and dtlivtr the doc:umenl5 to him or her. Docu· menu whid. fall into category .. could be .. ppropri~ttly

Iy. I haw been uked 10

""'''''''With Yl'gard to time, thert i$ no sp«irlC ptriod tNot CONti .

KiIlnina.!kfor. aploring IheK opIions, I 1m requesting yoor usilunu in formulating i ruSONblt pilon that compliu wilh

IUtu "rtaSOOIblt" time. It dtpmds on tt.. nalurt of tIM! docu · mtnl5 in tIM! flIe and the attendant ci.cumstancu. Since the file iJ the PropI!rty of tht ctient, theoretically it may be Imme· diately returned to the difnl when the legal matttr for which tht client is being repreKnted is concluded. For it variety of rlUOl1$, la"..,..n iIfId law firms wlIoIlly maintain dient flIu for some period of time, ranging from .. few JOTS to ptrmantnt rttmtion. The Ifnt\h of timot i$ mort a matler of 11M! Ll.wytr's or firm', policy tlloln Iny ute ..... lIy ienerated Ttquirtnw:nt.

In fstablishing this policy, it would nOI be un reasonable for the la~r or law fi rm to consider that the statule of Ilmitatiom under the AW!.ama t.tgal Sttvi«s I,iability Act i, two )'Un, and six years for the filing of formal cllolrgts in bar diKipline mailers. 1 In lOme cases the I1me ptriod may be extrn&d.)

AI the upiration of the ptriod of time tstablished by the ~r or L1.w lirm for file rtlfnlion, the following minimum procedures sho uld be followed for file dilp<.>.lition. First, the client should be informed of the dispOUl pllns and Qiwn the OpJIIIf1unity of being providtd the file 01' torumtlng to ill dtJtruction. ff the client', CUrRnt addNa or tel~ number is XfIO\<o'llto the attorney, the client should be eonlKt· ed directly. If this information i. not available or cannot be obtained without undue burden, then a notice should be publishffi in a local newspaper 01 general circulation announc· ing tilt attorney's intention to destro, all filt:S genenttd du •• in,a it gi\lfn chronolollical ptriod. It if not necmary to put the Bllme of fach clitnt whoM file i$ to be destroyed in the notice; it ;s suffICient to iookate gu>erally 11K firm's intention to dellTO)' u.. filt:S ohll dientl who wert reprt:Ii'fIttd by tilt firm prior to the date specified. The filts of difnts who do not .es.pooolhfn may be dtJtro~d with the nctption of thOK documtnlS claMifitd ~ as category L Prior to dutrO}'ing aTljl client file, the f,le should bt screened to imUTt tNl per· manent type (Cltegory IJ documents and ncords are not destroyed. Finall~, an idtx should be maintained of filts dtstroyed.

With regard to stonge, filts may be stored in Ul)' facility in which their conrldential integrity is mainliined. This Tr>IIY be in the w..)'tr'. 01' L1.w firm's offlCf or ilt some ItCUrt off·site iot.llion. Ally medium 1Il0l1 preser.-u this inttgrity of tl>e docu· ments in u.. filt, whether microfilm or by eltctronic SClInninQ, i. appropriate.

• (RQ-9)· tO)

all 11!l!Iic.abl. ruin and statUle..

"I am aware of the requirement to retain a client's file for six YUrf liter the C1lSe has ruchtd Its condusion. How may 1M file be It(l~? Must tho m. r.main in ''''-rd ropy' form or may it be tnnscribtd to .noth•• medium ? Plu.. identify III SWuln W rules of conduct nLiting 10 this procns.;and lI'I)I othorr ethia. opinion&. ·One. l fi .. is dosfd. mol)' nrtlin portions of the iii. be retumed 10 the client? \\-Nt is M lUOmty'. obligation nprd· ins Iht portion ofllle file ntumed 10) tilt client? After the Ill ~.r ;nleNaI, what i. tht apPrQIlrialt method of disposing of a clitnt's mt ?"

'K......'

m t

A Ll."..,..r don rIoI)I Novt a ttntnl duty to prtKM' ..II hif filt:S pt!'11'lantntly. ~r. clitnts and lor· mo:" clitnts rtUOfllbly uptct from Ihtir l.I~r tNoI VoIIh,loIblf and ustful info~tion in u.. clifnt',1'i1t, and not otlltrwist rudily aVoIIillble to u.. clittlt, will 001 bt prmIl' IUrtly Ind cartlt:Ss/y dt:Strll)'fd. ABA CommillH OIl Ethics and Profwionol RespOIISibililV, in Fomwl Opinion 13384 (March U, 1977).

While thtrt art no .ptdfic ruin in the Alabama Rulu of Pro{usiOOlll Conduct rtgarding tilt Itngth of timt a lawytr il rtquirtd to rtliin a clo5td mt or tilt diJposition of tNot filt Mit. a IapK of timo:'. u.. DiKipliBllry Commiuion esIlIbIiJhtd tilt followin,a guicltlinn in F~ Opinion 84·91.

Tht MIS><~rs to u.. ~ qut$lionl dtpmd on lilt sp«ifi~ BIIlurt of lilt imtrumtnts contained in tilt lilts and u.. pa.rtic· uLl.r circumstanct:S in " givtn f"tlloll situation. For tNt ru· JOn, tilt 1'i1u ~Id bt UIlllintd and the contents Kgrtgaltd in the following cat.gorif': (I) documtnlS that art c"'arl~ the property of the client and may be of some intrinsic value, ""hether dtlivtrffi to tht laW)'tr by tht client or prepared by the lawyeT for tilt climl, such as willI, dew, etc.; (2) docu' motnls which Iw.-t betn dtlivertd to tilt Ia"..,... by the client and which tilt dimt would no~11y txpect to be rdumtd to him; (3) docunw:nu from any IOUrtt .mich Tr>IIY be of 5OO1t futurt VoIIlut to 11K clifnt btaluse of $OmI!: futurf dtw\opmfnt tNt mayor may not mattriiliz.t; mel, (41documtnlS ...-hich I.lII in nont of tilt ~ t.ltegoriu. l>oc:umenlS which fall into t.ltt~ry I lhould be Yl'liintd for an Indefinite period of timt or, pYl'fenbly, should be rec<lrded

THE ALABAMA L\.WYER

SEPTE~lBER

1993 / 3 t3

C·L·E OPPORTUNITIES The foIfou:ing programs have hem approved bv IhI Alabama Mandatory Continuing lAgol Educol;oo Qm!missiOll for CLE credit. For infonnalion rtgarding otMr _liable t1fJIJ"t1Wd programs. CMtact Diane Il elOOn, odminislratiuetlS$islanl for programs, a/ (205) 269-15/5, tmd Q complete CLE calendar wi/J be moiltd to !IOU. 15W. . . . . . .y

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""',...., A~

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7 Thurad8, AIffOMOBll.E COlLISION CASES Hunl$~ilk

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22 FridII,. fRAUD AND BAD FAm l lITlOATlON Binningham Ala/);lma 8ar Inl t;tUte for Cl.E

SEPTEMBER 1993 / 3 15

Fr o m

an

App e l l a t e

Judg e's

V i e wp o i nt

By JUSTICE HUCH MADDOX

discriminated aga inst bec~use of their hen the Supreme C(>urt (>f Unquestionably, race. Balsoll, thuelore. completely the United States decided changed the law relating to the .xerci~ of Batsan v. Kentucky. 476 Balson has caused peremptory strikes. Howewr. because Bet路 U.S. 79. lOG S.Ct. 1712.90 judges, prosecutors, son was a criminal case. involving a black t .F.d.2d 69 (1986). the law relating to the ddendant who had challenged the Slate's use of peremptmy challenges of prospecdefense lawyers, and use of a perempto!)' challenge \0 remow a tive jurors was completely changed. and black juror. many lawytrS ~nd judges may compliance with the requirements of Batparties in civil cases to not. at the time Ba/SQI1 was written. haw son and Ex porle Branch. 526 So.2d 609 completely re-evaluate fully appreciated il> .rope. But. there ean (Ala. 1987). the Alabama decision that be little doubt now that the principle set adopted the Batson rule in Alabama. is the use of peremptory out in Balson is appli cable in many other one of the most frequently raised issues settings. for example. it is applicable to on appeal in ooth criminal and ci~il cases. strikes. civil cases. Edmonson v. Leesville COilUnquestionably. Balson has caused crete Co .. _ U.S. _ , III S.C\. 2077. judges. prruecutors. defense la~rs, and 114 LEd.2d 660 (1 991): to pere mptory parties in civil casts to completely re-evalchallenge5 by defendanl> in criminal cases. Georgia ll. McColuate the use of peremptory strikes. lum. _ U_S. ~ 112 S.C\. 2348. 120 LEd.2d 33 (1992): and The question is: Why has Ba/SIP! caused judges and la~rs to the prosecution's strikes of black jurors in a criminal case so much difficulty? Jt is probably because Balwn turned the tra ditional method of striking jurors hased on stereotypes involving a white defendant. Poo.'<1rS v. Ohio. _ U.S. ~ 111 S.Ct. 13M. 113 t.Ed.2d 411 (1991). The Supreme Qlurt of the completely on its ear.

United States is now reviewing the question ..... hether a party.

Prior to the 1986 Ba/SQ1! decision, the I.w re!!llming the use in a civil case. can use peremptory challenges to re ~jurors of peremptory challenges had been set forth in Swain v. Alabasolely on the basis of the jurors' gender. 1. E. B. ll. State. 606 nw.38O U.s. 202, 8S S.C\. 824. !3 L.Ed.2d 759 (1965). whm So.2d IS(; (Ala.Civ.App. 1992). cert. granted. _ U.S. - ' 113 the Court held that a parly wuld exercise a peremptory chalS.C\. 2330 (1993).' lenge for a good reasoo. a bad reason. or lor no reason at all.

Under Su-affl. a party could strike jurors because 01 their race.

I'.-'hy h .. Batson caused such disagreement among judges their color. their religion. their sex, their national origin. their and lawyers . and ..... hy have some judges and la~rs suggested economic status. or their eye color.' The only way a defendant that perempto!), strikes be completely eliminated? The frustracould establish a prima lacie case 01 disc rimination was to tion with Be/son probably results from what appeared to be prow syslemalic discrimimJlion on the part of the prosecutor. one of the basic foundation 5tones of the BelSon decision: the Ba/son made at least two significant changes in the law right 0/ citizens to serve on a jury and nOl to be excluded for. relating to the striking of jurors. Pirst. it clearly .....erruled the reason unrelated to the case to be tried. Complian," with Betprinciple set out in Su-ain that a defendant had to prove svsson ..... as intended to ensure public confidence in the integrity lematic discrimirwlion in order to establish a prima facie case of the jury sy.t.m. This concept ..... as first ad'lIneed in Be/son, under the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Qlru;ti路 and was later alluded to in Georgia ll. McCollum. a c~.Ie in lution. Second. it concentrated on the right of jurors not to be "'hich the Supreme Ulurt appli ed Ba/son to peremptory chal-

W

3 16 /S拢I'1l:MB拢 R 1993

THE AlABAMA I.AWYER

~ngu

htrcisN by the dmnse in trimi~ ta5oI$. 112 S.CI. al In "'<":CoIlum. th~ Court eonc:luded lhal the SUle ~ tlanding 10 challenge Ihe dittriminalory praclice by the dtfense on bthalf ofthe~jurors.ld.ll 2357. Tht Court furthtr tmphasiud thai Balson prohibita the striking of juron ~ on "the fa« of the juror Of the Deill sttrtOlVP<'S held by the poorty. - rd. ~t 2359. (Empha.sif ldded.)

McCollum U"'lS to spell out ".,.hat tilt Court had .Jaid initial . ly in Balso"-th~1 the ule of peremptory strike. butd on SOffit ptfC"t;.w stl1MJl~ ".,.ill not bt ptnnilttd. Balsoo proItcts lhe right of i prosptdil't juror 10 not bt ucludtd from jury Itrvice JOkIy btaU5t of I dliooeristic 01 the potttltill juror tllil is unrtlattd to the poorticublr Q$f to bt ttitd. SIKh uctution ........Id dt>t....., the intfllrlty of the judicial syottm. In this respect. the lloIdinQ in Batson pooralltls lhe public policy of AllbalTli 01.$ uprtsud in II 12· 16·55 and 12-16·506, All. Code 1975. S«tion 12.16-SS provides .u folto-..'S: " It ililhe policy ofth" state that III ptr!<)n5 selected for Jury strvice bt uleeted at random from a fair cross uction of the population of the aua u~d by the court, and that ill qllllli· (ltd citiuns hal't the op!)Ortunity, in acconW>ct ...ith this irt;cle, to bt considered for jury urvite in this state and In obliaation to It ..... 01.$ juror, WMn Jummontd for that pur· ~.

"""

Section 12-]6-56 provida. '" follow$: "A citiun shill oot be excluded from jury serv;ce in Ihil Itatt 00 ICcount of ract. color. religion. lOX. national origin or tcOI\Omlc status."

8nlllch ItU out much of the history of dr<lwing, lummon · ing. $flecting, and empantling Jurits in AlabalTli. ind thai opinion specifically seu oul in I footnote the history of ptremptory cllilltngn in crimiml QSU. 526 So.2d at 617. Tht AIIIwna Su~ Court in iJrrmdIaoo nottd the public poIi . cy of the $tilt u quottd aboYe and Itt forth lopKifIC guidrHnu for ar>Plying 8otson.

A close reading of ff 12·16-55 Ind 12-16·56 shows tllit the state·s policy regarding the opportunity of jurors to ItIVt with· out re~rd to race, rolor, religion. $tl<, national origin. or «0r\OITIic $tatus i, not unlike the requirements in Batson. In fact. they are complementary.

IItfore the ldoption by the IAgislature ;n 1978 of thil public policy relating to jury WM«. the jury stlKtiDn proctdurn in _1111 AIWITIi counties had bun challttlgtd in ~Qal proc«dingl. and pra.cliliontrs an I'trlly that the jury rolll in IfIiny counties would not have relltdtd the policy Itt forth by the iA'Jlislature.' DurinJi the ble 1970s lI\d urly 198()s. the Administntive Office of Courts toolc specific steps to impT(M juror management in Alabama and devtlGPW specific procedurn so that all Alabama counties now hal't their jury lists computer dnwn from a ITIistu li$1 com~iltd primarily from drivers lieenst lists for tho county.

Branch provides the basic I'Oo1dmap lOT ITIiking and prtstrvillJl i Batson challellit. Branch establ"h!:d the priociple that tM (nitii! bun.ltn "on the ~rty challellJling the othrr party'l U5t of pfrtmptory cha.lltngos to ITIikt I prilTli fKM: showing that !host challttlges _rt used to discrimimte igainst a poor· ticulu juror or jurors solely btauH of ract. and until this prilTli facie showing is made, there ;1 no rtQuiremtnl on the other ~rty to respond. In the ntar future. this principlt may TIlE ALABAMA Ll.WYER

bt utendtd to include striku ~ on gender.' In~h. Ihe Court listed ewnples of conduct that could nist in inltrtn« of discrimination and uic! that the trilll court. in ddermining ..."htlher a prilfli fKM: ~nglw:l bm1 madr. should comic!· tr ,II of the circulTlSl.ances. II i prilTli lac .. showillJl of discriminltion is made. the olher puty then hiS the bu rden of articulating a duro 'pfeifie, and legitimate rellOn for the challenge that relatel to the particular caM: to bt tried and that i, nondiscriminatory.

This showing nud not, of course. rilt to lhI: ltl'tl of i challenge for aU5t. In 8rrmch, the Court prOYided eumples of rusons thai could bt considtrtd 01.$ Itgitilflilt iUId nondiscriminatory ind lopKiflQliy stlttd, "1ht trial court. in htrcili"ll the duties imposaj upon it. must gilot efffld 10 1M slol~ polk, upresstd in Sections I. 6, and 22 oflhe AllbaITli Constitution and Codt 1975. f 12-16·55lI1d f 12-16-56." 526 So.2d.t 624.

(Emphasi. in origiml.) Tht C()Urt furth.. said tllil -tho Ir;al judge must make •• inetrt Ind reasonable effort to evaluate the evidtnce and explamliolll ~ on the circumstances u he or she knO\Oo·s them, his or her knll"'·ledgt of triil tech· niquu,;md hia Of her observation of the manner in ...ilich tM prosecutor uamintd lhI: vtnirt and the challttlgtd juron.." Id. The ipplication of the 80lltm principle. of cou ru, hu caused trial jOOgts and trill counstl and ippOlbte judges and justices much diffICUlty, and many questions hal't betn nised, wch 01.$: At ..."hat point should. party nist a Balson objtdion?

Who has .tandillJl 10 r~iu an objection? What COn$titutu a prima facie showing? What au valid nce·neutral rusons and

REAL ESTATE AITORNEYS LASER SOFIWARE A complete lin e o f Real Est ate Clos in g I'rogl"llms inc luding i"II1 HUD's, Buye r & Selle r Statement s, Di s bu rsem e nt R egis ter, Chec kwriting • Deed s, M o rtga ges, Notes, & Affidavit s ~ Title Po lictes, Co mmitme nt s and Endorse m e nt s If FNMA and M ore One time d a ta e ntry, a ll calculation s perfo rmed , hi gh qu a lity printing o f com p let e docum e nt , with data , gener ated o n plain paper.

CALL FREE {S! 3} 763-SSSS

--I

SEPTEMBER 1!I93f 3 17

what are not? Who has the burden of proof of m;!ki ng a prim;! facie showing, and when does the burden .hift to the other side? "''hat is the KOpe of review when a BatSO/1 objection is ra ised? f or a listing of substantiall~ all of the cases that address these questions, see Maddox, Alobama Rules of Criminol Procedure (1993 Cum . Supp.~. "The Weet of Batson v.

Kentucky and Ex Parle Branch On JUr)l Selection in Criminal Cases." pp. 172-211. The Michie Company (1993).

The Un ited Statn Supreme Court, the Ele"enth Circuit Court of Appeals and the Alabama Supre"", Court each seems committed to the application of Botson to eliminate diKrimination in jUr)l selmion in order to preserve the integrity of the jUr)l process.

The Balson requirement could probably ~ summed up in the following statement In order to prestrve the public's con路 fidence in the jUr)l s~tem. each citizen who is not challengeable for cause must have a right to be considered for jUr)l service without regard to race. color, or national origin, and perhaps gender. Stereotypes of jurors bared on age. occupation, or place of m idenee are also highly Stupec\.

How c.an judges and Ia"'l"'fl! eliminate some of the problems created by BatMm? I have presented the BaIMm principles to lawyefl! and judges at several continuing legal education semi路 nafl! and I have used the following illtutration. Juror A is a 28year-old female: she is single and a graduate of Auburn Univefl!ity al Montgomery. sh.li kes to watch Mallodr-, and she "'orks with the state as. data proceS$Or. Is she black. white.

Hispanic. Or oriental? Does it matter insofar as the particular case to be tried? Juror B is a 38-year-old teacher of high Khool biology, who has teenaged children, and who is married

ALABAM.A ASSOCIATION OF LEGAL ASSISTANTS

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FOR FURllIER INFORM ...TION, COHlACT:

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MEMBERSHIP CHAIRMAN

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3 18 /SEPTEMBER 1993

and has neWr been diV<lrced . Is the juror male or female. black Or white? Does it matler in the case to ~ tried? The key i, to sel芦t jurofl! based on the particular case to be tried.

One of tho problems with striking based on stereotypu is that many times a juror will not fIt the mold. and if the strike is challenged. il would ~ difficult to articulate. dear. specific and legitimate reason for the exercise of the strike. Clearly. lawyers can ,till have general profiles of the type of juror that they would prefer for particular cases.

In Hunllell v. Slole. [Ms. 1910530. Sept. 18, 19921 _ So.2d _ (AI~. 1992), in a special concurrence. I set out what J thought could help prewnt a lot of Salron -generated prob-

lems: "I have a""'~ thought that many Ba150'J problems could ~ eliminated in both criminal and civil cases by the following procedure: "(I) R~quiring PTO'pecti,.. jurOfl!. when they are summoned to appear or when they assemble. to fill out a written questionn aire that would provide substantial background information to the parties to Ust in exorcising their peremplor)l strikes. In addition to ~ general que.tionnaire, the parties might have specific que.tiom;. because of the particular nature of the case to be tried. that they would want prospective jurOfl! to answer. "(2) Limiting the num~r of peremptOr)lltrikes available by limiting the size of the venire from which the parties begin striking. In a majo'it~ of civil and criminal Castl, the rules of procedure only ,equire 24 qualified jurors to ~ on the panel when the parties begin to e.ercise their peremptor)l challenges. "(3) Adopting the ru le used in Federal courts that prohibits socalled 'back striking~ that is. placing 12 qualifIed pro.pective jurors in the jUr)l box. and having the partits decide how many of those 12 the}> separately and severally want to striki'. If a prospectiw juror was not removed from the box by either side. that juror could not be rel1'l<OWd lat.r." _ So.2d at _ (footnote omitted), I furthtr suggeJ5t.d the use of a questionnaire similar to the one used in Montgomer)l County, "Because the Satson rule nOW applies to striki's e,,"rcired by criminal defendants. and because [ ~lie'Je that it will won apply to gender-based Itrikes, I think trial judges should COn路 .idor permitting prO.lpectiw jurors to fill out a questionnaire that would contain information helpful to the partie! in exercising peremptor)l challenges without regard to" proopectivo juror's rae_ or gender. Such a procedure would greatly assist the trial court in determin ing whether a part~ has made a prima facit case of discrimination and whether any reason! offered in support of the strikes "'ere in fact r~ce neutral. !'ur_ thermore. the procedure woulhgreatly iISIist appellate court.. ;n reviewing chall e~s made by eilher side .

"Batson and Branch basically prohibit stereotypical stri kes.

Parties should ask themselves when exerciSing their peremptor)I challenges. '\\'hy am I striking this particular person?' If it is ~cause of race. which I think will later be . xtended 10 gemler, then it v;olateJ5 the Bot$Oll rule." _ So.2d at __ . The use of a Questionnaire. commonl~ referred to .. "paper voir dire." could effectiwl~ ferret oul indi _ vidual potential jurofl! who might not ~ desirable (or the parTIlE AU\BAMA lAWYER

QSo :!ll

liCU/Qr CQU If) M triEd. Properly designed queslionnliru might disclOM hidden pr.judices t~1 the juror might not even suspect hoe or sM had.

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ENDNOTES

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Notice of and opportunity for comment on proposed amendments to the Rules of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit I'unuanL 10 28 U.s.C. f207l (b).

nocicc

is hereby

.,y.... ot pnlpOKd amend.... nlll0 llIe Rules ot Iho U.S.

Coun 01 AWals fur !lie Elevtnth Cimait. A proposed ..... ndmml'o 11th Gr. R. ~I (.) _lei to plOy ...... adrnission

f..,~ of 5 10 .wry

mjU~.nomcys

five yur. in onltr to maintain Eleventh Circuit bar .......m.nhip.

Olher proposed amendments hi,hlilhl ,he cornrntn<:ernent of operat;""s of I ... w Miami pt. office; specify thaI govern"",n. COIInsel ~Iard;ni

3rt ~uirW

,,,ted f'<,rsons: clari fy ""nain

to file Ccnlfkllt$ of !n,..

(Of

filln, 01. ~RttOJd

E>.<ctpl$~

(rom f"", I() five

inc ""'lliplc parties 1hc Coun may docidc !he appeal. 01 one «

~

rul~,

Ic~1

in brief. 10 only di..." qUOIts;

~

and provide Ilw in cases DWel,,·

lbe co,l1enl .nd fonn of twkfs. includinli limilin, slngl'Hpao<:d

inausc lhe requimnml

iii,. delt',

parties "ilhou, onJ arpn¢'" ,,"'hilt dimctin,

!hal <nI II'&""'"'" be heard from lhe remain'nl panieo..

A<idilinnal pt'(IJIOtOd amondmcn" make other minor changellO lhe circuil rules Of OOfIfonn 10 du.nges in ,he I'cdcral

R~I",

of AWII ...

~U~

which loot: effecl in December 1991 and

in December 1993. A copy oflbe ~ ...... ntlmt"" 1993 from ,he OOice 01. !he

"'hich.~

Khcdulod 10 lake .ffecl

m~y be obIained ,,',thoul chl1J" "" or

.fI.r Seplember 10.

CIt"'. U.S. CQU" of AW"" for !he Eleventh Circuit. 56 FQrlylh SIree1. NW.

A~antl.

O«qia 30303. Pbooe (4O-I) Jl l-6187.

Commenr. "" lhe poposed ""1(.0'"'''1$ "",y be ",bm,"ed In writing 10 !he CItft III ihc above IIIdrtu by

CkIobe< II. 1993.

TIlE AU\8AMA u\WYER

SEPTEMBER 1993 / 3 19

a so Challenges from the Perspective of a Trial Judge -

Some Practical Considerations

By HON. JOSEPH D. PHELPS

consWlt/y Iiad with "I:ry prxt;.

01' &ttwn IBaISOfl II. KeI'/ludJI. 476 u.s. 79 0986)]. Although tho prindplt$ of Sa/JO(! ippIy to both civil and crimiNI WH. thi$ diseu:uion

T

ri.lI jur,lga

cal

m'

~ieatiom

will primarily (<<!,II on the applic.&tion 0( &/son to crimiNI cues. G«JrgitJ ~. M<:CoIlum. tl2 s.a. 2348 (19921.

Some specifIC Cltegoriu 0( concern for prKtil~1'$ loclud.: pr.·Kltclion consideratiON: detenninations whether prima faci. violations Ut shown: the validity of explanations for exclusionary Jirik": and Rrmd'al mea:;uru.

or

,,"-,tI«ti/HI tonsi....Umu At the appell.ltt ~I. courU a<!d""5S(d the problems thai an ariK when bW)'tr:5 do not condutt me~inrful jury voir di", womiNltion. Willitmu D. Stole, 601 So.2d 1(162 tAlI..

Crim. App. 19911. Sine. "ppellit. COUTU pLloct: emphasil in ddtnnining &IWtl issua on the lhorooghnus of voir dirt H well u on 1M Nlu •• of ""'pon5U from ~rticullr jurors. including fxi.rol bIIrwions. rTYnnr ....... body ~, rtc., it is Iogic.ll to permit ~rs themselves to uk qutStiom. Thf Court should idYiK counsel that voir dirt ii not a time for JUT)I "'Qumenl or nWci"ll ml~ments. but a time 10 QuHlion poIential juror'$. 10 listen 10 tMir ans....... ;md to nr,Iluale ~Jpo!\Kl. Some judg~i require Ihe specific qutstiolU to be wriUen out ~d Jubmiltt<.! to Ih~ Court for apprll"~1 before!M ~r asks 1M QualiolU. ~~ .. lhould also be permitltd to elicit relevan! follow·u~ information.

The UH of wrilltn Qutstionn.1ires presented to the jury prior 10 Jury ulection. lIS is done in tht 15!h Judi,ial Circuit, can also be uHful in allowing counsel to obtain rdevant information sullieitn! 10 justify juror nclusion.

Qu«tlonnl.iru ire compltltd by lhe jurors Ihe~Ms and un go into various upech of the poten t ial juror's bickground. prtdispo:titions. npuiencu, education, etc.

These QUHllonnI.iru em be don< on an anonymOUS basis, i.e. by juror number ",ther than juror TW1lt. "The:H numbe" are tied into a strike list ind em be made "",ilible only at certain desi~ttd places in the courthouw. Experience has sllown in circuits where JUI'h writt~n questionnaires are used, that it is not WiH to permit th~ questionnaires to be rtrrl(l'lltd from the

ha,.,.

n-

320 I SEI'1l:MBt:R 1993

courthouH Or ~ntrJ.ny circulattd because of the per"$ONl and sensitive nature of elicittd information. The jurors should be told that Ihe questionnaires will be han~led wilh care and destroytd upon the condu· lion of the trial.nd .11 post·trial proceedings.

Dtlerm;lt/I/iQn 01 whfthtr. ,....... (tlC~ &ISI)n 1'hWIi()lt I, ~

When a &/-' motion attacking the constitutionality of the eU'l"(:ise of ptremptory strikes il filed. the judge must first determine whether a prima bcit violation is prtStnttd. If the .iudat determines that there is no prima ~it &/-' violation, the issue stops there ind no uplaTlition of strikes would be rtquirtd. Merriuwl,,"/I. Slale, 1M.s. CI. of Crim App. No. 91· 1928. May 28. 19931. _ So2d . (Ala. Crim. App. 19931.

Ex Parle Brar!dl. 526 So2d 6(l9 (Ala. 1987), i.! still the 1t,}Cj· ing post·&ISQfl authority 011 the cons;lle",tion as to ,."hethtr a prima f.ci. case of discrimination has b«n shO\<"I1 . Branch sets forth nine consi(jerJ.tiolU relevanl 10 titablishing ~ prima facie case of discrimination; I. that race was the only common fador among the black juron; .truck; 2. the r>atttm of Itril<ts agai1\$\ bLlock jurors· for~, ". of 6 strikes were used to $Irikt bIKk jurors"; 3. the prosecutor's llrike history.

4. the quality of voir dirt· a Kirching lOO thorough fWTIination isltss likely thin a pro forml or "desultory ant" 10 IlIJ11lOT1 ~ i","rmce of discrimination.

5. the quality <:i questions addrastd 10 the jurors struck; 6. disr>arJ.te treatmtnt of black and white juro.. "'ith simi· lar backgrounds or characttristia; 7. that questions seoking diaqual ificat;OI1 wne only asked of black jurors; THE A\.o\BAMA Wl.I'.'YER

jurors.

Ex Par/, Branch. 526 So.2d at 622. 623.

5. not all of tht non·whitt juron were rtfflll"f{\; or 6. striko:J ~n ~ on juror specifIC rtaSOnI and not on SToop or class characteristics.

Ex Parle Branch. S2ti So.2d II 624 (Ala. 1987).

Once a prirrl/l fade U\e is shCl'V>Tl "tht SLltt thtn hu the burdtn of articulat ing I clur. specific and legitimate rUIon for the ch"lltngt ... hlch rel1tn 10 Ih, PQrU,u/ar '011 to k Iried. and ... hich il nondi.criminatory .... Ho...eV1:r. Ihi. showing nttd not riK to tht levtl of I chll1tnar for CiU5t ...: f:z Part, Branch. 526 So.2d 623 (Ala. 1987).' The , talt Cin show. for eumple. that ... hilt juror....ert struck for Ihe same reasons lIiven for striking non ·whi te jurors. and Ihat tht number of st rikes for non· ... hitt I nd whilt jurors wtrt proportiONtt. II is impOrUnt to note that general domiils of diKriminatory inttnt or general ob;rdions which ilre not juror sp«i/ic: ha .... bttn hdd to be "prttut..... r. Neu:man "- $tal'. {M!. Cl Crim.

App. No. 961. Nov. 25. 19921. _ _ So.2d ~ (Ala. 1993).

In addition. tht SLllt rrI/Iy also specifICally show INt: I. the reason. gi .... n are spedfiCilly rtilltd 10 tht CoUI' ~ins tritd; 2. voi r dire uamination of the struck jury was in fact .... fficient; 3. similu juron ~re ~II tre.attd tht WJIII WilY; 4. no mort quations ~rt addn:.s.td to non· ...ilitt juron than to ...ilitt jUT(lr'$;

t£hriJNr ~ primil hd, UJowln, il milfit 1'ht Sup..,,,,,, Court of ~ has Mid tN.1 when the ratio of non·while to whitt on tht jury is subsUntially 1M same lIS tM ratio on tht enlire .... niTt or the 10\;11 II~ of proopectiw: jurors from ...... leh i Pforticulo. jury is ..ltdtd, tMn no prll1\l fadt GUt is.oo..Tl ...·htn tM \awyers ha .... divided their strikes between the racial groups. f or example. if the group of poten· tial Jurors had a ratio of 60 percenl white to 40 percent non· white. and tht <ltt .....1jury. ~tr the utrcuing of penmptj ...... had lour or fM bLKks, this WQUkI ~Nt lIS an indicator tN.t thtre ..... no &1$l)1li problem. Sft Ex Parl~ McWilliams. Jan. u.ry 1993. 27 ARR 1475 - statistical evidence to show tht absence of ~ discriminatory purpose. Sft a150 Long v. Sill/'.

615 So.2d 114 {l993f. cert. denied (All. 1993). and $roll v.

Sill/e. 599 So.2d 1222 at pagt 1227. ar/. denied, 599 So.2d 1229 (Ala. 1992).

If attorneys had divided thtir 5triku in II()FTC degree bttlooun tM I'lICU, and. the rxilll cornpOOtion of the actual jury is do.. to tM f<lCW compOSition of tht .... nire. in all probability tht il,OClge WQUId not determine a pril1\l facie cast of unconstitu· tional peremptory chal~nges. In such cirrumstancu, no txp~.

8. disparate inlj'laCt; and 9. !hal ~ disproportiom!t number of striku ~rt 01 blitk

F~don trJ ",.ultitr;..

thtnml..ing

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DOUGLAS R . MASSEY , U.S. Representaliye/Originalar

Telephone: 205-655-4935 FaxlVoice Mail : 205-655-3749 7642 Cottonridse Road, Suire 1, T,u" ... il1e, Alabama 35173 SEPTEMBER 1993 / 321

nation woutd ~ mjuiml 00 1I juror by juror basis.

The Court coold ...~tI detenn;ne tNt 1I prima (acif I:lI.H 01 _ial HlKtion 011111: jury is p...,otnl if Ihfrf _..., tns liwl time non·wtllta 00 Ihf jury lnd till: original jury panel con· listed 01 40 pttatIl 10 50 !'fran! non.....rula . at Itllit " -m fIlIt' would 11M: bH-n raisnI. In ouch " caK. if Ihf judfI:: dtttr· mined tlwrt " prima flIcif showilli 01 racial strika was made. till: judgf would proem! to ffqlJi..., UK oIftoding ~rty to justify uch ind~1 Slrih; tlwrt is to upIIoin non·_iil TUKIf\S (or ~mcMnQ _hjun)r. E:x Purl, Birri. 594 So2d 676 (At,..1!/911.

E:xJ>/<s"./IdlU "" udll~ldI"" ~trllln

AI previowly noItd. upon a sllowing of a prima facit vlola· tion. till: party must show sptcific and legitilT\lltf non·diKrimi· I1IItOry reuons for tht challen~ which relates 10 till: pIIrtieular 1:lI.H. Thf Pirly must durly artieulate " nomaci ..! buil for nth Slrih.

TIll: foIlowilli a~ ast.J which cite wfficimt reuons for jutti!yingjuroJ Itriktt A. RdNlonahlp..;u. OtfHMlanIlF"mily I. Rtlited 10 OtltndinllFimily JocIaon .. SiDle. Sot9 So2d 616. 6 tS.{;19 (ALI. Cr. App.

1989) (cowin td ddmdinl's Itepfilhor); E:x port. /.vrIt!, 543 So2d 109 (Ali. 1988). (husband n:lattd to dtftl'lCbnt), 2. Knew Otftncbnl Con¥ v. Slol,. S6(I So2d 1103 (Abo.. Cr. App. 1989), art. tknied. S6(I So.2d 1103 (Ala. 1990); &hr~. 510/', 555 So.2d 273 (Ali. Cr. App.). art. deni«J. 555 So.2d 273 tAla.

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• Homicid e

do

Slndi'$ • S" ..... ey/Measuren'ellh P iclu re, (Ph olo!;nol'hy) • Field Sblchu

• Will work projects/cases anywhere in USA

and possibly overseas.

• JO years expe ricl1(e. accllenl rcfercllCC$ SOUT llt: II N MOI}t:L B UII.Dt: n s 104 BII.,II" Visl" Or ive:

1)"1,10, ..:. AL 36526 205 -626-Q.112 n Oli SOIlTIl f.R('i

322 1 SEP1'EMBER 1993

1989}; Hiller v. Slalt. 545 So2d 194 (Ala. Cr. App. 1988); v. Slatt. SotS So.2d 123 (Abo.. Cr. App. 1988). art. denied, stS So2d 123 (Al.t.. 1989); MeG«~. Sioit. 594 So.2d 2]9 (At,.. Cr. App. ]991). art. denied. f"ebnwy 21.

.4r.oerg

'992.

3. Kntw Dtkrxlonr5 Family .kK:loon D. Slolt. Sot9 So.2d 616 (Abo.. Cr. App. 1989) (knew mother. Khool with fami]y): Gilder v. Siait. 542 So2d 1306 (Ala. Cr. App.l, cerl. denied. 542 So.2d 1306 (ALI. 1989); Powell~. Slale, 548 So2\! 590 (Ali. Cr. App. 1988), affd. 54S So2d 605 (Ala. 1989); E:x porte Lynn, Sot3 So2d 7()9 (Ala. 1988).

4. LM Near Otfendantll":lmlly £X JNlrle Lgrm. st3 So.2d 709 (Al~. 1988):;\1.'('7)' v. Siale, stS So.2d 123 (AI ... 1988). cerl. tknl,d. stS So.2d 123 (A1a.I989);

5.

KMW~kt;m

Ydder v. Slale, 596 So2d 596 dmi£rJ. May I. 1992.

!Abo. Cr. App. 199]), art.

8. Coatad .nth I"I-uetulon'Crimlnai JUIIice Syow..

I. Prior~ion &1ker p. SiDle. S55 So.2d 273 {Al.o.. Cr. App.). art. denied.

S55 So.2d 273 !Abo. ]989) lDUl lnd iS$Iult);.Jot:hoo v.

Slalt. 549 So.2d 616 (Ali. Cr. App. 1989); Poll'"" D. Slatt.

Sot9 So2d 593 (Ali. Cr. App.), art. dtnitd, 549 So2d 593 (Abo.. 1989) lin I whicuLl.r homiddt u.K. lf3ffk oIftl\5eS); Hil'er ... Siait. 545 So.2d 194 (AI~. Cr. App. 1988) IDUI where ddendant claimed subst.a~ ab~ during eri"",); Ward u. Siale. 539 So.2d 407 (Ala. Cr. App. 1988). cert. denied. 539 So.2d 401 tAli. 1989): Slrong v. Siale, 538 So2d 815 (At,.. Cr. App. 1988); E:x parle Lgrm. 543 So2d 709 (AlL 1988); ~ v. Slait. 545 So.2d 123 (At,.. Cr. App. 19881. art. deni£rJ, 545 So.2d 123 (At,.. ]9891; Kellq v. SiDle. 622 So2d473(Abo..I992I.art. deni«/,August 21.

''''.

2.1k1itM:~~ed

Slalt. 560 So2d 1103 (At,.. Cr. App. 1989). arl. drnitd.56O So.2d 1003 (Abo.. 1990) (nrph!:w ProKCUttd); Riggs~. Sial". S58 So.2d 98(1 IALI.. Cr. App. 1989). art. denied. 558 So.2d 981 (.Ala. 199(1) (son aWliting trial, brother·in·1aw chart!td with burgllory); &hr v. Slolt. 555 So.2d 273 (Ala. Cr. App.), cerl. deni«J. 555 So.2d (Ala. 1989); Smilh u.S/ale. 531 So.2d 1245 (Ala. Cr. AJl!l.), cerl. denied. 531 Sa.2d 1245 IAI~. 1981); f"arn u. Citll of Hlmlwille. S68 So.2d 349 tALI.. Cr. Atlp.). arl. deni«J. 568 So.2d 349 (Ala. ]9901 Hn 1I 001 cue. DUI .. fml5); CMm U. Slalt, 571 So.2d 356 (Ala. Cr. App. 199(1); I'o<VeII v.

Slalt. 548 So2d 590 (At,.. Cr. App. 19881. aff~ 548 So2d 605 (At,.. 1989); /oI(W IJ. Cilll of Hcnlfl!J'MT¥. CR-89.1063 (At,.. Cr. App. Man:h 29. 1991): O~ D. Slalt. 602 So.2d 462 (Abo.. Cr. App. ]992). «rl. dmkd. August 21. 1992; Childers~. Slalt. 601 So2d 3SO (At,.. Cr. App. ]992). art. rhni£rJ, Nov. 25, 1992, Iwnire rnrmbtr Ind diugh~r ...~~ Corq~.

m

~ing I'f'*'CUtrd for I»d thl:ck ClIKS).

3. JlIYtnit. Court Contact Bakerv. Sia/". 555 So.2d 273 Wi. Cr. App.). arl. dtnitd.

555 So.2d 273 {All. ]989), {b rother hd juvenil~ "problems").

4. Prior Arrest

TIlE ALABAMA UWYER

&ktr u. Stall, 555 So.2d 273 (ALl. Cr. App.). em. dmitd.

555 So.2d 273 (ALl. 1989). (HarusrJltnt. rnmacing. disorderly condl,lCl); S(a/'J ~. Slatll. 539 So.2d I07~ (A~.

1988); Moss #. Cil6 01 MonJgr;mtr¥. CR-89·I063 tAb. Cr. App. lUrch 29. 1991), (tl"llftk citation wlltre dtfe~nt II~ pOI~ ~raumrnt).

C. Dbatltfactlon with ~ E~Oi« .... nt Powell u. Sta/I. 548 So2d 590 (AL1. Cr. App. 1988), dl'd, 548 So.2d 605 (Ala.. ]989).

D. Relltlonlhlp with DdfnH CounHI Wu,d u. Sial". 539 So.2d ~07 (A]~. Cr. ApI'. 1988), em. dmied. 539 So.2d 407 (All.. 1989). (dtferut oourutl had rtpruented); Sirong u.S/ale. 538 5o.2d 815 (Ali. Cr . App. ]988). (knew ddense counsel); Lew;t u.

Siale, S35 So.2d 228 (All. Cr. App.), uri. der!itd, 535 So2d 228 (AL1. 1988). (dofens< COW'4I'I ~ ~ruenttd).

] 130 (Ala. 1990): Hendtrsoo V. Statt. 549 So.2d ]05 (AL1.

Cr. App.). em. dmiftJ. 549 So.2d lOS (Ala. 1989). To haw the strikt su.nd )011 must Il.Ite the reuon liw en(o.a •• oe.1I; recommends strike Illd th~1 rUJOII must be ~ good Of1I'.The deputy sherif]" told the pnMCUIor thot ju$t about the whoIr bmily hid bttn Jl"*(Uttd by the DA hdd to be xceptablt inNerman ... Sta/e.lMs. Ct. Crim. Apr!. No.. 91· 961.~. 25. 1992). _ _ So.2d - . . J (Ali. 1993).

Pollard D. Slate, 549 So.2d 593 (Ala. Cr. App.), (trt. dmied. 549 So.2d 593 (All. 1989); CUrTin V. Sialt. 535 So2d 221 (Ala. Cr. App.). am. denied. 535 So.2d 225 (ALa. ]988); Wilson V. Slot,. 511 50.2<1 ]231 (Ala. Cr. App. 1989). rwd on other ground. 511 So.2<1 1251 (Ala. 1990). ".,.,.

Jo......

O. _ _ ... ... __ o_ _

.... _ _ ...

~_

_ _ _ _ _ ,w._00cu0. ... ~d_

--_...__....

E. Prior Jill)' SeM« ",a/kim~, Siait. 551 So.2d 421 (All. Cr. App .). u.l. dDWd. 551 So.2d ~21 (AL1. 1989), prior not guilty wrdkt and prior hWl$l jury); Smilh rJ. StOlt. 531 So.2d IUS (AL1.

Cr. AprI.). art. dmied. 53] So.2d 1245 (AL1. ]987), (prior not guiltywrdid).

0f'00"1&~_"_,",

__

~""'"

..

__

~o...

..._ .... _ , .. _cc-_ _ ot_ ... 1$IlIl

F. Dtmunorll'eflOllll Chanctvlltia NOTE; Subjt(tiw reasons like this one are viewed swpi· dowly and generally allowed ooly if the trial Judges firnll t~1 the juror's attitude was in fact IInfavorable 0. if the PTOHCUtO. pub I sufficient txplanation of how the juror KtN into tilt rtrord.

I. Unfavor1iblt Attitude Toward Prosecution Voir Dirt Questions Currin #. State, 535 So.2d 221 (AL1. Cr. App.), art. denied, S3S So.2d 22!i (AL1. 1988); BaJa.r ... Stale. 555 So.2d (AL1. Cr. App.).M1. dmk<!. 555 So.2d m (Ala. 1989).

2. PhysialfloknW Disability Riws #. Stale, 5S8 So.2d 9Ij(] (A4. Cr. App. ]989). cert. dmiftJ, 5S8 So2d 981 (AL1. 1990). (proboWle huring difficulty. found as fact by Irial judge); Scales v. Stat,. 539 So.2d 107' (Ala. 1988), (slow 10 .upond 10 qunlionl, found is I fi>CI by trial judge); Currin v. 510/', 535 5o.2d 221 (All. Cr. App.). <:tilrt. denied. 535 So.2<1 225 (Ala. 1988). (appmnt lick of intelligeoct); Ex parlB /.jjrm. 543 So.2d 709 \All. 1988). (feeble and ~rd of haring); Averv v. Stal,. 54S So.2d ]23 (Ala. Cr. App. ]988). ctrl. denied.

545 So.2d 123 (All. 1989), (~rd 01 hming): Crider p.

Sial" 600 5o.2d '01 (Ala. Cr. A/lp. ]992). arl. denitNJ. 600 So.2d .w4 (1992). (mmUoIIy disabled).

3. Hostile Riws u. Sta/e, 5S8 So.2d ~ (Al.o. Cr. App.. 1989). M1. cJmitNJ. 5S8 So.2d 981 tAla. 1990); currm rJ. Siait. 535 So.2d 221 !All. Cr. App.), cert. tknitd, 535 So.2d 225 (Ala. 1988).

CHAP~.13

m

C. Uw Ellfommmt Rtcommmdatloni NOTE; The simple mtement "recommended by law enforcement" will not be tnoogh. 5«, RolJinsoo V. Stale, 560 So.2~ 1130 (Ali. Cr. App. 1989). rnrI. rkt.iro, 560 So.2d

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SEPTEMBE R 19931 323

(black inve.tigator recommended stri ke ).

AwIy v. Slo(e. 545 So.2d 123 (Ala. Cr. App. 1988). arl. den~d.

H. BIulPrtJudico Short "f Clu.llongt For CIUH Wilsonv. Stale, 571 So.2d 1237 (Ala.. Cr. App. 1989). "",'d on other ground. 571 So.2d 1251 (A.Ia. 1990).

I. FI'-'IInb1e Attltude/Rupon" t" [)ofon" VolT Dirt Slrrmg v. Stolt. 538 So.2d 815 (Ala. Cr. AW. 1988); Smilh v. Siale, 531 So.2d 1245 (AI, Cr. AW.). arl. dl!t!ied. 531

So2d 1245 (Ala. 1987).

J. AWUrinl Bafflal. fIr CnnfuH<l MeG/OIL.. v. Siale. 598 So.2d 1027 (Ala. Cr. App. 1992). arl. denied, M<l» 29. 1992.

TM following tllJU tilt rNJOnI whith art imumclm/ /0 jUllifg juror Ilrih!:

H,_

f'owell v. StOle. 548 So.2d 590 (AlII. Cr_App. 1988). afi'd, 548 So2d 6051Ala. 1989). (youth); WilIiat1l'l v. Slale. 548 So.2d 501 (Ala. Cr. App. 1988). cer/. denied. 548 So.2d 501 (Ala. 1989). (youth); AI.oery v. Sio/e. 545 So.2d 123 (AlII. Cr. App. 1988), cerl. denied. 545 So.2d 123 (Ala. 1989); ..len's v. Siale, 548 So.2d 459 (Ala. Cr. App. 1987), cerl. de"i~d, 548 So.2d 459 (Ala. 1989). (youth and elderly); F/ogd v. Siole. 539 So.2d 357 (AI~. Cr. App. 19881. arl. denied, 539 So.3d 357 (Ala_1989).

B. Unmanitd

ThOJ'/'lllS v. Siole. 555 So.2d 320 (Ala. Cr. Apfl. 1989); The court pOints out that although "single" is a highly suspect rtaSOO lor striking a wniremember, suoh st rikes may be upheld ..... her~ all $ingle ""nire mtmbers an: .truck.

Kelley v. Siale, 602 So.2d 473 (Ala. Cr, Apfl. 1992). arl. denied Augll5t 21. 1992.

c. Tnmc convictl""1

Pw!ell v. Siole. 548 So2d 590 (Ala. Cr. App. 1988). affd.

548 So.2d 605 (AlII. 1989). (blacks and ..... hites t~ted dil, ferently); Acres v. Siole. 548 So_2d 459 (AI~. Cr. App. 1988). cerl. denied. 548 So2d 459 (Ala. 1989). (blacks and ..... hites treated diffe",ntly).

D. Emplo)..",ont I'rJuJ<1I1 v. Siale. 548 So.2d S90 (Ala. Cr. App. 1988), affd.

548 So.2d 605 (Ala. 1989). (teacher); lVilli011l'l v. Slate.

548 So.2d SOl (Ala. Cr. App. 1988). cer/. denied. 548 So2d SOl (Ala. 1989). (teacher/counselor/school worker): Madison v. Slal~. 545 So.2d 94 (Ala. Cr, App. 1987). arl. denied. 545 So.2d 94 (Ala. 1989). (m.""tal h.~lth worker).

E. MlJcelbneoul I. Working Outside of County "'.-il/ioms v. Slale. 548 So.2d SOl (Ala_ Cr. App. 1988), cer/. denied, 548 So.2d SOl (Ala. 1989).

2. living in a High Crime Area lViIIillm5 v. Siole. 548 So.2d SOl (Ala. Cr. App. 1988). art. denied. 548 So.2d 501 (Ala. 1989).

3. Same Name as Family Connected with an Unrelated Prosecution 324 / SErfEMBER 1993

545 So2d 123 (AlII. 1989).

4. living in a Cnmmunity Hostile to the Police MadiS01l o. Siale. 545 So2d 94 (Ala. Cr. App. )987), cer/. denied, 545 So.2d 94IAla. 1989),

5. Unexplored Relationship to Another Defendant FIOfId v. Siale. 539 So.2d 357 (Ala. Cr. App. 1987). cerl. ikrlied. 539 So.2d 3571Ala. 1989).

6. "Gut Reaction" Hernkrson v. Siale, 549 So.2d 105 (Ala. Cr. App.). cerl. d""ied, 549 So.2d 105 (AlII. 1989): !.emlell o. Siole. 599 So.2d 64 (Ala. Cr. App. 1992).

7. Unuplored Affiliation ""';th a Political Group Parker v. Stale. 568 So.2d 335 (Ala_ Cr. App.). cert. dl!t!ied. 56S So.2d 335 (Ala. 1990).

In addition. the appellate COlIrU look "very unfawlrabt»" on the articulation of rusons such a. "an unexplainable gut reaction that the ""niremember ,,'lIS ·bad·". alt hough they are not per se prohibited. £X (KIr/e &lrIkhead, April 16. 1993. 27 ABR 2571.

Rnntt/;"I M..,~urn If during ju!), selection. the court is informt'd by either side that t~ haw exercised all .trikes for which the;< ha"" rusons. either side could choose to relinquish their remaining strikes to the rourl. If the court agrees to make the ",maining strikes on behalf of either sid e. such should be done by a court reporter Or some other neutral official. possibly from the clerk's office, and extreme caution should be used to insure tht process is random and not a subje-ctive decision by anyone connected ..... ith the trial court. PellWllJl v_Siale, IMs . Ct. Crim.

App. No. 91-842. March S. ]9931. _ _ So.2d (Ala. Crim. App. 19!13).

A$ noted in Branch. if a constitutional violati(m is found in jury selection. the court should either order another JUT}' selected from a new panel or place imprope rl)' excluded jurors bad on the jury. Ex Parle Branch. 526 So.2d 625 (Ala, 1987). Wh en jury se lect ion has taken a considerable amount of time. for example. a case involving pretrial publicity. the court may see k an alt.rnative method to striking an entirely ne ..... jury, Once a oonstitutional violation ;s sho ..... n. it is not difficult fo r th e court to identify which pOt.nUal j~rors ..... ere improperly removed.

Pr..ent oase law offen little guidance as to how l judge may allow improperly struck jurors to b. plac.d back on the jury _ This aru is addr.ssed generally in Branch. ho ..... ev.r no specific guidelines have been developed_ Somt judgu have been successful in having the l~wy." agree to a rem~ dial meuure as work.d out b~ tho attorntys themselves. On . pos,ible solution could be to prepare a card for each ju ror ..... ho was not struck and al,o a card for an~ improperly excluded jurors. and to randomly stlect a ne ..... jury from all avai lable cards. All parties 'I'IOUld h~w to agr •• to this selection process.

•

, _oroo ..... _"' . . _ _ _ _..... ec....

ENDNOTE

..., ..... _ .... _ no< .... - . . . . _'_;"'<>"11::< ''''''" _ ..... &_l'ii0i. rol So 2d 311 (No. ,ml

THE AlABAMA u\WYER

ADAP's RURAL/MINORITY OUTREACH AND ASSISTANCE PROGRAM COMPLETES SUCCESSFUL YEAR

By REUBEN W. COOK ile A~IT\.J Disabilities Ad>;oa· cy PrOILTam ("DAP) is tilt stalrwi~ prOgr1lm HI Up under ftdenl I,)w to prokct the l'i&hu of J)tCI)lt wilh ~IopmmW d.isabilities or ment,,! IUlltn. With fund.ng from ~~ lAw fourwbtion', lOLTA progrun. ADAP was .. bit \0 proo.idt informillion. triining lind luislance to ptOplt with diloabilitin md Ihti r fami. liu .eliding in stve" , uTlI Alabam .. counties (GrUM, fbi., Mall'RgQ, Perry.

Sumler. Choctlw. and Cla rk e). Tht

T

granl's 1I(),l1 was to provide auistance ,nd information regarding numtrOJUs

HrvictJ ,nd benefit. IVlilable \0 indi vidulIls with dinbiliti .. with special emphasis pl~td on Iht ident ification ilIld noIifiaol ion of ~unts of dioabltd chiklrtn who may be eligible for Social Security Supplfmmt.'ll SKurity II"ICOITW (ss!) btndiu.

In the 1990 $ul/iI.'(m u. Mkg cut, lilt Uniltd SbtH Sup..""! Court ruled Ihlol tile rtllulltiom employed by lht Social Stcurity Administration (SSA) to dttumine II child', eligibility fo r SSt benefi ts "1re too t'tstricti~ ~nd directed SSA to review 111 sueh claims tknie\l between Jinuary 19M Ind February 20, 1990, As I rtiult, ma ny former daimants became entitled to cu rrtnt bentfits AI wtll AI pIy1T'ent of retTOiCtM benefits diotillll hick to the dftcti~ date 01 tho!: origit\l.l cllim, ADAP unIItr_ II.-t

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took I mluive publicity (II m paign throughout tht project's sewn counties in lin effort to notify ruidents of this new tntitltmenl Loar] raidmts 1'tSp1'lndtd tnlhusiasli· Cilily 10 the SSI outruch effort. A totil 01 clients with di5abilities uaivtd ass.is~, Of th.lt number, In clients partidll-ited in Ihe SS] clinic. held in t/lrh 01 the IotWn rounties. The t'tmain. ing 46 clienu received luislance by telephone and mail. TIlt ~istance provided tOQk vuious fQ rms indud ing hands·Qn auisance with cl~ im:l prep.!' raliQn, legal referrlll' for claimants alrtlldy in the appeills process, infonno· tioo lind supervised t'tfe""l. (QT heIIllh ClOre and social HMus, utellli~ C/IK. work follow-up, lind individualized trllinillll reprding 5SA poIiciu lind procedut'ts, .u wtll lIS basic ..,rf·lIdvoc/1cy ttchniques.

Progrllm suff prOYided direct .usi,. tance with Ihe CQmplltiQn Qf 73 SSI claims in the sewn·county target it'ti, <t3 of which wtt't filed 00 behalf 01 chil· dren, The Qu trnch Sliff also helped clienli whoM initial application fQr SSI appeals we .. assisted, includin g 30 climli t'tfemd to attorney,; throughout the target Irei who had been idrntified

by AOAP lIS willillll tQ <lCCept such cases.

Mlny of thne clients hlld received denIal not ices frQm SSA before they ~M1l AOAP's 5trvices.

ADAP lIaII' compilrd ~ disseminated Irllini1\lil ~kets. The IW'kets contained mit..i,ls re,ardin, SSA pOlicies and procedurn ~ktu contained m.1terials regard in. SSA polici •• iUld procedurts rflltet! to the SSI pm,rllm, lIS 'Nell is informltiQn rt,)rding the services Qfftred by ADAP and numeT<luS social Rrvice and htall h ClOre provide". lnformatiQn regarding basic sel f-a dvocacy

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techniquts W)t IIIIQ included in the trlining PIIckets, S!.loff also distributed information about the Zeblt/l d«ision 10 pmnts 1)/ t\ltry child t nrolltd in spe. cill eduution lnd pro,rllmo for the elderly wtnt 10 dimts requesti1\lil this m.1terial.

MIlly 01 the pro;ea's dimli nttdtd II ""rilty 01 HrvicH ~r"'nting extelllM casework follow-up, For eQmpje, ADM s!.loff coordinated muiti-llll'ncy effQfU tQ StcUre howing, edUCIIlion iUld legal Hr· vicu, Des p it e thl obvious human rt$our" limitations, ADAP adVQI:ates Ind attorneys pr<>vided direct casework lI&Sisunct and I.gal advice to many 0( the clients.

II is evident thlt Ihe out reach pro. jJrIIm Ulisted ooiy a fTKIion 0( the indio viduals n«din, iSs;ltan". HQ..~'ltr.

AOAF's continued WQrk in Ihi$ aru hils rnulled in ,reater awarentSS of I he IOLTA pl'Ogrllm ,11<1 the HI'Vict$lIVIil· ~Ie III people in the seven-.coonty 1Irta.

ADAF Is ,rlltdul \Q the A1abarm law Foundl.tion for il$ lI$Iistance and filliUl· tial suppOrt in pr<lViding ;nlQrmalion and lega l Hrvicu to AlabalT\ll citi~.ns with disabl1itiu, •

Richard Wilson & Associates Reg istered Profess io nal Court Reporte rs 17 Mildred Slree1 MOrligome<y, "' I.bam, 36107

264-6433 SEPTEMBER 1993 / 325

DISCIPLINARY REPORT Dlilbarment • The .'cenlot 10 prlCtict law of Mobile lIIomty John S. J r. wu ~flltd and annulltd tffKlM May 12. 1993 by 0F\kT of the SuprfmO! Court 0( AlalIami. Cor\is, as ~rt 01 , pIN biarpin in ftdtl'lll crimil'lli court, utCUltd I ~nl t., diWol1Tltnl and surnndtr oIlicclIH. [R"'k 23(1) ~lll93-O 1 1

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• Jury Dt~'1II Baku, I Hun tsville lawyer. su rrendued hi. HernSt: 10 practice law on June 29, 1993. The AWlom.a Suprtmt Court ordered llakrr'i IIlImt to .tr~n from tht ",II of inornr)'S by onler !laird July 7. 1993. Nornwl Bradley. a HUnllvine ~~r. Iw bun appOinted lrustee to inwnlory &kO<'1 dienl'. files and 10 Protect the rights 01 thoK climb.

[Rul. 23 (i) 1'01193·02) Suat"ns ion.

• On MOlY 25, 1993. the SuprflTW! Court of A.bb;amll interimly Jusptrnkd Tuscal(l(lSl attornry 8 " "da Ann DIxon from Ih. pnctict of law. On April 22, 1993, OiltOn ~ bHn tonVi<:ltd of

th. criminalatltmpt of murde r in Ihe C;"uit Cou.! of Tusaloou. County. Under Rut. 20(a) of the Ruin of Disci·

plinary Proctdurt" lawytr convicltd of a 'serious cri me" (any felony) may bt temporarily suspernltd. When aoo if the corwktion btcomes final. mandatol'}' swpension or disbarmrnt follows under Ru te 22 of the Rules of Oi kiplinal'}' Procedure.

[ASB No. 93·004[ • By order of the Supreme Court of Alabama, dated April 20.

1993. Dothan attorney C.... MUl, Cartu walilemporarily suspendW from the prxtia of ~ in tho: Stale of Alabama. dfec· tMcApril1 9, 1993. Said so.uperuion w.u ~ upon an ord« of 1M Oi""iplinal)l CommiloSion or tilt AJabama State Har tem· porlTily swpendins ClIler from the prlclin ollaw. [Rule 2O(a) PeU93-03[ • Ouatur "tlomey J. NomwI Rob, Wall susptnded from tilt practice of law for a period of thrH yors. effective July I, 1993. by order or the SUIlreme Court of Ablwna. Aft" a full h&ring on Much 12, 1993, lhe OiiICiplinal)l lIoord found that Rob)' had wrongtully withhold funds iiml to him by the Jon d I Iong·time dient. rtantly decUHd. ~ toolt tilt fundi ($1.049) mel did nothing further from that point. OYer a period or!wO yalS. he gave continwlllSuranca that he Wall COl'" to <dum the ll1Or'Iey 10 the Jon lind only heir. The: Oiso:iplinal'}' IIo.lrd (ound lhat aggm'llting ciT(Urr\SUnUS justified lhoe disci· pliM imp(l$nl. Tho$o! cirrumstancts lrocJudtd lIoby's prior cli,. tiplint. his failure ta cooperate in the in~stillatiGn Gf tht complaint lInd his (llilure to product trust account records bGth requuted ~ subpoenaed b}-the bar. [ASB Na. 91 .... 73J • Phenix City "UGn1fy Rkharcl C. lI. mlllon has bttn tempOrarily suspended from the practice of ~ for the violation of the Rult5 of Pro/eS$ioml Conducl of the Alabama Stale Har. Hamilton enlu ed inlO an lIIfffrrtfnt wilh the Offin or General Counsel in ruolution of formal dla'1les pending againsl him.

Ha milton failed to comply wilh the terms of the agfffment.

326 / SEP'ITMIIER 1993

[Rule 20(11) Pd.I9HI5) • Effecl.Mc June 25. 1993. attorney \\111lam Roberti \\ll1on, Jr .. living in Jllckson. MiloSWippi, was swpendtd from the practice or law for rooncomplWv;t with tM Mloniditol)l Con· tinuing Legal EdUCiltion Rults...lCLE No. 9J..33J • Effectivt July 16. 1993. Bessemer attorney John 1I0W1n1 McEairy. III was suspended from the practice of law for noncompliann with tM Mandalory Cootinuing I.eg.II Education Ruln-ICLE No. 93-23J Public: R.,.rimands

• Millry .1I0rn~r OIDlel C. Win rectiv~d I public repriman d with genefll publiCition on May 21. 1993 far violating Rule 1.3 Ind i. 16(d) ol the Rulu of Professional Conduct . A Mobile client paid Wire I retllner to represent her in a civill1ction which had been liI~d .gain$t he r in MGI!ile. Ware sent her some interrogatone$ to answer. but had r'IO further cont...:t after t~t. Whtn the client received I notin of the trial date she attempted to contact Ware. only 10 Inrn that he had closed his ~lobiJe offic~ and moved his practice to MiJlry. ApPlTtntly, War e had made "n oral motian to wilhdraw from the CUt without communicatIng this to his cli e nt. Th e cou rt di recltd him 10 fil e a wrilltn motion. which Wart failed to do before a~ndoning his Mobile practin.IASIl No. 92-461[ • On May 21. 1993, fl untsville lawyer B.rbl n C. Miller received a public rtpri .... oo with general publication in con· nection with a legal advertising complaint. Mi))er', 199()·91 and 1991·92 Yell""" PlIIe ads did not contain tilt dis.cllirrtfr required by the ethic"l rulu. even thouSh hor IIUS af pllclice were prominent in tht ads. Mi))er had previously requuled pennl»ion to .. r1'ICM tilt di""l.imer from hoer alb btcaUlt >he rHented " paying for tilt ,J)iCt it taltes. btlievu it misltacls tilt publ ic mel seMS r'IO useful purpOSt." The Oi",,;plilW)lllo.lrd found thaI Milltr's /;Iilu .. to comply with the discI.imer rule Will an int.ntionaland kn"""ing viol"lion. In addition to the ropnmand. Mitler Will ordered to attend s;' clusroom houn of instruction 00 the Ruin of ProI"usional • Conduct.[ASB No. 90-058[

Correction It! tile at1icIe on AfrIcIIn.~ IawyeIs pubIisNId In 1111 May 1993 I$sue 04 1M Atabam.o L• ..,..,. Setma Ittorney J.L Chotstnut is QUDled as IItaIing Ihat.lud\Je 8lIInton o! tile County COOr1 01 Common Plea. chlltfMd Chellnutlor ma~ir>g an evidentiary ~ion .,>d r.l...., to IWn ••• 'o\Orified notary pubIi/;:.lud\Je Blanton was jllCOII1Cl1y icItn· tiliad a s tile jurist making these cornmeI\lI. tllilelld, t!IaM remar1<S ....... made by another ;..dIcIaI olllcer who is now deceased. Both the autllof arod 1.4,. Che-s\IIUt 8PQIogi • • for the erroneous ,efa<ence to Judge Btall101l.

LEGISLATIVE

WRAP-Up

By ROBERT L McCURLEY. JR. Annu.1 Meetin9 The annual muting of tht Alabama Law [",titule was held concurrently with the AI.bama State Bar Annua l Meeting in Mobile. Nf:W offi""rs for the

following year are: President: James M. Camp~1I Vice-p,-.,.idenl: Yetta Samford Sttretary: Robert L.. McCurley , Jr. r,'Ku\ive Committu:

George M<I}'Nrd Richard Manley Oakl ~ Mellon Ryan deGraffenried E.C. Hornsby Frank Ellis

Senator Frank Ellis Repr..entative Jim Campbell

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Probate Senator Michael Figure.

Senator Don Hale Se""tor Doug Chee R~pre ... ntati", Marcel Black Repre ... ntati", Jim Campbell Limited Liability Compall.,ll Senator Steve Windom Rtpre ... ntati,,,, Hugh Holladay

Since the 1992 annual meeting, five Law Institute'prepared bills were ~ by the Alabama Ltgislature. Legislators who spOnsored these bills were recogniled and pre,en t ed with plaques.

These ~re: Artld. 2A uee "Lea...a" Senator Jack Floyd Senator Steve Windom Representative lim Camplxll

Representative Mary Zoghby Represent"ti"" Michael Box

Artier. U uce "Fund. Trandu" Senator Steve Windom Representative Mary Zoghby Representative J im Campbell

,wmlnl. tratJR """"cdu", Act M cnd",cnh Senator John Amari Senator Walter Owens Senator Ryan d.Craffenri.d, Jr.

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It is antitipated that thore will be stvera l special session. prio r to the 1994 regular session. These spedal session. are rumored to include a .usion On et hics and campaign spending limits. gam bling cuinos and education reform. Other maUe .. may be brought up in the special session but maUe .. not included in the call require a two-thirds majority vote of each house.

Revisions completed The Proposed Rules of Alabama Evidence have been comple ted and are presently before the Alabama SUpreme Court. A copy of t hue rules with commentaT}' may be found at 615 So.2d, No.2 in the May 13 .

1993 advance sheeh , The Alabama SUpreme Court hu set Oc t ober 7.

1993 itS the date for oral arguments On these rul ••.

Business COT/wralil)n Ret·ision: Thi. revi.ion I)f the Business Corporalioo law follows the most recent American Rar Association rtvi.io,,". Our current Business Co rporation Act, althl)ugh passed in 1980. reflect td t he 1974 Model draft. Sn May 1993 Alabama wWJI'!r, Cl)mmission on Uniform Siote l.aws: The 1993 u,g islature amended Alaba· ma's act I)n the composition of Alaba· ma's representati,-es tl) the Commission on Uniform Laws. adding tl) the three members appoin t ed by the Governor a member of the House of Rep resentatives ~nd the state Senate. CUHent Alabama members are: Professor Thomas L. lones , Univer. .ity 0/ Alabama School of Law; John Andrews, attorney. Montgomery; Richard L,lonel. retired justice 01 the Supreme Court 01 Alabama; Senator Steve Windom; Representative Mark Caint" Bob McCu rley. director I)f the Alabama Law i nsti t ute: and Jerry Bassett, dirtdor of the Legislative Refe .. nee Service. The comm ission at the 1993 annual meetin g approved a "Uniform Healtheare Decisions Act", a "Uni/oml Statutory Construction Act", amendments to the "Uniform Partne rship Act". "UnifOml Correction Or Clarification of Delamat ion Act". and Article 8 of the Un iform Commercial Code " Investment Securities". The CommiSS ion i. also studying a Uniform Adoption Act (similar to Alabama's ne w act) and a Limited Liability Company Act (similar to Alal>ama's new Li mited Liability Company Actl.

Governor's lega l edvl.o~ Governor Folsom has appointM Professor Brad Bishop of Cumberland Law School as hi. legal advisor. replacing Judge John Karrh who returnM to law practice in Tuscaloosa.

For more in/ormation. contact Bob McCurley, director, Alabama Law Insti tute. P.O. Box 1425, Tuscaloosa. Alaba· ma 35486. (205) 348·7411.

•

SEI'1"E:MBE R 1993 / 327

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AIaOOma Law On Disc contains these up-to-date, fulI-lext 1~ datamses:

AiaOOrna Rules AnnooItcd

''''"" 3321SEPTtMBER 1993

Fa rnon: inIOrmation and roschOOule a llO-OOIigalion OC'lJUlin jWrclfice, call jWr Michie ~roti,-e roday.

James A. Shroo,tt 0CQI543路7618 205/669...;831 CKcall The Michie Ccrnpmy roIl.fn>.>;u 1YXJ/5Q2.1215.

5m1!m

TilE ALABAMA LAWYER

RECENT DECISIONS

By DAVID 8. BYRNE, JR., TERRY A SIDES and IVILBUR G. SILBERMAN

UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT Erron.o... re• • o_ble

doubt In. tructlon cannot be I\8nf1l ••• e rror Sullivan v. l.ooifwl(1, 61 USLW 4518 (Ju!W I, 1993). The jury instructions in Sullivan', murder INI included a dmni· lion of "'fuollllble doubl" e~nli .. Jly i<imlicallo the one held unconstitution·

al in Cil~ v. /.{}uiJiQ"Q, 498 U.S. 39 (l99()). Sullivan wu found guilty lnd

unttnced to dulh. On appul. Iht Louisialli SUII ........ Court Mid that the trl'OrltOUS rusonabl •...!oobt instruction was !larma" .rror.

tn I ulUnilTl<)w d«ision. th. United Statts Supreme Court di$lOgreed. hold-

ing that Sullivan's Si xth Amendment .ighl ll) a trial ~ jury WO$ denied by Ihe giving of the constitutionally deficient instruction. J ustice Saolia. writing for lilt Court. held 1t.,1 th. F'ifth AmendontOI rfqui~menl 0( prool bt)'OIId i reasonable doubt Ind th. 5;.ttl A.r1wndmmt rtql,Lirrment th.i.t the jury, ...thu than lhe judge. ruth lhe nquisile findiflll aI"guilty'". alT interrelated: The instnKIion of the sort Iliwn in Ihis elK did not produ~ the requir..! jury verdict of guilt beyond I rusonlble

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The Court further held that the giving of 1 constitutionall y deficient rta>(lnable· doubt Instruction is among those constitutional errors that Tl'quiTl' rever· sal of a convict ion. nther than thost thit Ire subject to the huml ..s-error a~Jysil. Consinent with the jury·trial ' ..... rJ.J1tn, Chapman ~. Califomio. 386 U.S. 18 ! 19671. instruc\.5 .. reviewing court to coruidtr the Klwl ~rct of the error on the ",illy vtrdict in the .,..., at Iwld. flowever. McauH there wiS no jury vtrdict within the mraning of the Sil-th Amrndmrnt in Sullivan·s elK, the prtmiH for harmlus,trror analysis is abHn!. Unl ih an erroneou. presump· tion rtgardin8 an element of the off.not, _ Sandstrom v. /ofQnlmw, 442 U,S, 510 THE AlABAMA LAWYER

(l979), I deficient Ttuanable·doubt instnKIion vitiatts III the jury's fact .....1 findings, luving a reviNing t<lurt to sptculate as to whal a reasonable jury W<)uld have done, When it dou that, Junic. S"lil wrot., the wrong entit~ judges the defendant guilt~, PI.ln ' . .I ••c.ptlon Minn~sol/1~, Dichrson, 61 USLW 4544 (JUI1f 7, 19931, &sed ~ l>ichr.

son's Himil\i1y t'ViSivt ictions when apprCNochtd by pOlice office rs ind tho fact tlul h. ha;d just lefla buildin, known for conine trlffic, the officers decided 10 Invtlti gate further and onkrtd Dickerson to submit to a p,at· down surch, The surc h rovuled no weapons, but the affice r t<lnducting it testified that h. f.1t a small lump in respondent's jacktl pocket and believed it to be a lump of crack cocaine, The officer then Tfached into the pocket and retrieved a small bag of CDcalne. The MinnnOIll Suprtme Court held that both the itOP and frisk of Oichrson wert; valid under T~ IJ, 0hi0,392 U.s.

1 (1968), but round the Hizure of the COOII~ to be untOnlotitutioNl. Rtfuoing 10 enLaIlt upon the "ptain view" 6«1>tion to Ihe Fourth Amendmrnt', war· Tinl requirement. the stat. court appuTfllto adopt a c:at.goria;l rule barrinQ the uizurt of any contraband dt ttcttd by an officer throul/h the StnSt of touch during a p,atdown starch.

The Unittd SUIts SupTl'mr Court disagretd, holding lhat the police may Stiu nonthrea ttning contraband detected through the $true of touch during a prot,ctivt p.lItdown $tlrch of the sort ptrmintil by Terry, 10 long H the surch SIlI),i within the bound, marked by TCTN, This prol:tc\iYe Ha~tltd without a ""'''ani Illd on the '-is 01 rtuOnIble RISIlicion lou than probable a.ust-is not meant to discow:r t\idm« of crime, bul mwt be strictI)' limited to that which is MCtwry lor the dist<:J"ery of 'mapons which might be uso:d ta harm the officer or others, Howeve r, if tho surch goes beyond what is ntceSSlr» to

dtttrmint if the wspect is ,"""d, " is no longer a ""lid Tm'JI Hareh, and its fruits will be SUPPJl>Md. Si6ron v, NeuJ lOrA:, U.S. 40 (1968), In Michigan v. l.I:mg , 463 U,S, 1032 (I9S3), the Stizurt of contl1lband oth.r than weapons durin, I u.wlul TerT¥ lUrch wa.s justified by rofertncc to the Court's ~ under the ' pLain vitw" doctrint. Thus, if an officer lawfully paU down a suspect's oute r dOlhiflll i!nd feel$ an object. whose contour or mass mHts ;\.5 idffitity is coolrabuod immrdiate!y appumt, thero has bftn no ilMsion of the su.prct', prMcy beyond thaI alrt~ authorized by the oIIicer', lUrch for a weapon.

Howewr, the SuPTtmo: C<lurt affirmed the MinntlOla Court's ruling. holding that applicition of these principlu ta the facts of this Cl.H demonstl1ltes that the officer who conducted the surch

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was not acting within the la"ful bounds marked by Terry at the time he gained

pr<.>l>able cause to believe that the lump in Dickerson's jacket was contraband , Based on the Minnesou Court's inter· p~ution of the record, the officer never thought that the lump wa:; • weapon , but did not immediately recognize it as cocaine. Rather, he determined that it was contraband, i"., cocaine, only after he squeezed, slid and otherwise manipulated the pocket's contents, Justice White noted that whne T,rrll entitled the officer to plact hi. hands on Dickerson's jacket and to feel the lump in the pockd, hi, continued exploration of the pocket after he concluded that it conuined no weapon was unrelated to the sole justification for the search under Terry. IkcaU$\l this further $\larch was constitutionally invalid, Ihe seizure of the cocaine that fol lowed was likewise unconstitutional, Forfelture-Punlstwnent end

the Elllhth Amendment Austin v_ Uniled Siales , 6] USL W

4811 (June 28. 1993). Afte r . South Dakota state court sentenced Austin on hi, guilty plea to one count of posse,· sion with intent to distribute cocaine, the United States med an in fl'm action in federa l district court against his mobile home and body shop under 21 U.S.C. §88I(a)(4) and (a)(7), which provide for the forfeiture of "ehicles and real property usell or intended to be lI5ed 10 facilitate the commission of cer· tain drug·related crimes. The District Court granted the Government's motion for summary judgment on the basis of an officer's affidavit that Austin had brought two ounces of cocaine from tm mobile home to tho body shop in order 10 consummate a prearranged sale. and rejected Austin's argumenlthat forfei· lure of his properties would violate the Eighth Amendment's prohibition again.t e. c"sive fin ••. The Court of Appea]s for the Eighth Circuit alfirmed. agreeing with lhe Government that Ihe Eighlh Amendment W/IS inapplicable to in rem civillorfeitur...

The United Stat.. Supreme Court dis-

agreed, holding that forfeiture under 21 U,S _C. t 88l(a)(4} and (aj(7l is a monetary punishment and, as such, is subject to the limitations of the F:<ees.sive Fines Clause contained in th~ Eighth AmendmenL Justice Blackmun. writing for the Court. held lhat the determinatiw ques· tion was not, as the Government contended, whether forfeiture was civil Or criminal. but rathe, whetmr the forfei· ture was a monetary punishment. The Court held that because sanctions fre· quently ,e~ more than one purpose, the facl Ihat forfeitu re se",es remedial goals will nOl e~clude it from the Eighth Amendment's pu"'iew, so long as it can only be explained as .e",ing in vart to punish.

HIl"'e~r, while holding that civil in rem farfeitur~ was .ubjtet to the limitation, impOsed by the Eighth Amend· ment's Excessive fines Claust, Ihe Court declined to establish a test for determining whether a forfeiture is constitutionally "..efSsiv.-, stating that "prudence dictates that the lower courts be allowed to consider lhat Question in the first instance."

Grlllldy v, Cooilln Dve rn>led /Jnilw Sioies u. Dixo", 61 USLW 4835

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We m !lO1 • simple Ttfeml se ...ice :IS u·. ha,.e pro>ided liligation suppon 10 <l'I"e!' no firms throughout the u.s. \I'e hll'e elJllfd our rep.t.tion prudomlly. for bolll pltintiff 8: de(~, IlCAI: lI e~llh Ca~ A"diton, Inc, 2 Corporate Dri.·e, P~nthouse 690 CIW"''1lf1'. l10rida 3~22

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Telephon e (S13) 579·S0 54 Telecop!er(S t ) ) 57 H 333

" , .... J'I<-d .. ~ )<W <>I<

(June 28, 1993). In unrelated incidents.

Dixon and foster w~re tried for criminal contempt of court for violating court orders that prohibited them from engaging in conduct that was later the subjoct of a criminal prosecution. Based on Dixon's arrest and indictmenllor po.. ession with intent to distribut~ cotaine, he was convicted of criminal contempt for violating a condition of his release on an unrelated offen$\l forbid· ding him to commit "any criminal offense.- n,., trial court later dismissed the cocaine indictment on double·jeopard\-' grounds, Conversely, the trial court in Poster's case ruled that double jeOpardy did nal require dismissal of a five· count indictment charging him with simple assault. threatening to injure another on three separate occasions, and a"ault with intent 10 kill, even though the evenls under lying the charges had previously prompted his trial for criminal contempt for violating a civil protection order requiring him not to "assauIL.,or in any mannt. thr .. ten ... - his estranged wif •. The Court of Appuls for the District of THE ALABAMA Ul.IVVER

Columbia Circuit consotidated the cases on appeal and ruted that both subsequent pr~cutions were barred by the Oouble Jeopardy Clause under Crady v.

to passing the Bloclrhurger test a .ubsequent prosecution mus t satisfy a "same·conduct" t.. t to avo id the double jeopardy bar. That test pl'<)\lidtd that, "If to establish an essential element of an offense charged in that prosecution, the governm.nl will prove conduct that conslitute. an offen.. for which the defendant has al .....dy ~n prosecuted: a second pr~cution may not be had .

Crady v. Corbin, 495 U.S. at 510.

Based on tho Btockhurger analysis, the Court held that because Di xon'. drug offense did not indude .ny tie· Imnl not containtd in his previous COIltempt offense, his subsequent proucution fail ed the BlockIJarger test.

Dixon'. contempt sanction was imposW for violating the order Ihrough com· mission of the incorporated drug offense. His "crime" of violating a condition of his r.l .... cannot be abstracted from the "element" of the violated condition. Here, as in Harris v. Olrla· homa.4J.3 U.S . 682 (l9nl, the underlying substantive crimin.1 offense is a species of a lesse r-included offense ,

Ct.>rbin, 495 U.S. S08 (19901.

The Supr~m~ Court .ffinn~d in part and reversed in part the judgment of th e Circuit Court. In 50 doing , the Court concluded that the ~'ifth Amendment'. prohibition agairut double jeopardy attaches nonsummary criminal contempt prosecutions just as it dots in other criminal prosecutions. In the rontut.! of both multiple punishment.! and .uC«lo$ive prosecution, the double jeopardy bar applie. if the two offenses for which the defendant is puni.hod or tried cannot survi,-e the -Bloclrhurger" t~lt. S« B/oclrhurger v. Unitw Siales, 384 U.s. 299 (19321 . This t•• t inquires whether each offense contains an ol e_ ment not contained in the other; if not, th~ are the "same offense" within the Double Jeopardy Claou's meaning. and thus, double jeopardy bars. suhsequont punishment or pr~cution. However, Crady v. Corhin holds that in addition

wh~

subsequent prosection is barred by the prohibition against double jeopardy. The Court applied the same analysis to Foster's in dictment for simple ..... ult. and he ld that it was li kewise barred by the prohibition """irut double jeopardy.

However, the Court detennined that the remaining four counu of Foster's indictm e nt we re not barred by t he Blockhurger t... t. F",ter's first prosecution for violating the civil protection order forbidding him to assault his wife (\oes rot bar his later prosecution under auault with intent to kill, since that offense require. proof of the specific intent to kilt, which the contempt offense did not. Similarly, prosecution of the contempt offense requi red kno",led~ of the civil protection order, an ment not requi red for the charge of assault with intent to kill. Ju:;ti"" Scalia li kewise held lhal the remaining three charg.. did not violate the Blockburger rule in that different elements had to be establi.hed in order to obtain a conviction.

.1.-

r------------------------- ----------------------, ADDRESS CHANGES Complete the fonn below ONLY if there .re clunges to }'Our listing in the cu,.,..,nl Alalx1rrw Bar Direc/ory. Due to clunges in the statute g"",ming election of bar cornmilo$ioners, we now are required to uw members' office add.e....,s. unle .. none i. available Or a member i. prohibited from receiving state bar mail at the offi«. Additionally, the Alabama & r Directory is compiled from our mailing list and it i. impOrtant to ou bus;nt$! addre....,s for that reason. NOTE; If,,-e do not know of an add .... chan~, ,,~ cannot make the necessa!)' changes on Our r<!COrds. so pie..., notify US when }'Our addre .. changes. Mail form to: Ali« Jo Hendrix, P.O_Box 671 . Montgomery. At 36101.

Member ld<ntifocation ISoci.11 Stcurit~) Numbor

c"""... !,no:

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~~' --l'uIlNlme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ Mr.

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_ _ _ ' . _ _ Birthd,>te_ _ _ __

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"~ ----------------------------OffictMliti"<!Addreso _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ Cil;' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ , ••

ZtPCodt _ _ _ __

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otftce Str.. t Add .... (if dill... nt from rnail illil add''''1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _

City St.1to _ _ ZIP Code Counl;' _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ L ____________________ _ ____ ______________________ ~

THE ALABAMA LAWYER

SEPTE MBER 1993/ 335

Justice Scalia then announced that although prosecution under four counts of Fo,t..', indictment would be barred by the Gradg "sa me·conduct" test.

Grady must be overruled beaause it con· tradktffl an unbroken line of deci.ions, contained less than accurate historical analysis, and h.s produced confusion.

Justice Scalia went on to state that unlike the Blockburger analysi., the Gradg test lacktd con.titutional .oots and was wholly inconsistent with the Court's precedents and with the clear, common law understanding of double jeopardy.

Supreme Court of Alabama-Civil Personellnjury action . do not abate when plaintiff dla . a. .... ult of all898d wrongful act of defe ndant _ but whet about . te tute of limnalion . ?

In Hogland v. The Citlo/~x Corpora· lion. IMs. 1910077. April 30. 19931. __ So.2d __ (Ala. 1993). the issue was whether a personal injury action majI be amended by a personal represen-

!ative after the plaintiff dies. allegedly as the result of the personal injury, even though more lhan tw<'> ~a .. h.u expired after the death of the plaint iff. The basic facts were as follows: The plaintiff filffl a claim a,gainst vari. ou, fictitiow;ly named parti.,. all.ging that he had suffered personal injuries from having been exposed to asbestos.

The plaintiff all eged that asbe.tos·con· taining producls had caused him to con· tract an ilIne.. diagnosed as mesothelioma. The plaintiff died of mesothelioma on November 10. 19S5.

On Decembu 6. 1989. on e of the defendanls filed a suggestion of death of Ihe plaintiff. On June 4, 1~. the plain · tiff, executrix filed a motion to rtvive the action as a personal representative. and to amend the complaint to include an action alleging wrongful death. The Irial court granled her motion.

On April 2. 1991. one of the defen· danls moved to 'trike the amendment . alleging that the p-ersonal action had been extinguished upon the plaintiffs death, pUTluant to the holding in Elam u. lItinois Urn/ral Railroad, 496 Sn.2d 740 (Ala , 1986). and that a wrongful death action was barred by the t\<'O-)'t'ar statute nf limitatinns set out in A/a.

DHJe 16-5-410 (19751. The trial court granted that motion to 'trike.

On appeal, relying upon its recent holding in Xing v. Nallonal Spa & Pool Insfitu/e, 601 So.2d 1241 (Ala. 19921, the .upreme court reve ued the trial cou rt" summary judgment fo r the defendant. In King. the court overruled E/am and held that pusonal injury actions do not abate when a plainliff dies as a result of the alleged wrongful act nf the defendant.

Justice Houston dissented for the rea· son. set forth in his dissenting opinion in King , Moreover. he made the follow· ing observation: I .•. not. that the linstantl wrongful death claim was not filed until five yea .. after Hogland's death. I do not set how the majority can rely on Xing v. Nalional Spo for ils holding in thi~ cas.e. In Killg. the wrongful death action wa. filed a few weeks after Ithe plain t if!"s l death. well within the two·year lim · itations period pTOllided for in Ala. Code 1975. §6·5-4IO(d) .... Th i. i5 a molar mnwment by this Court and by implication overrules numerous ca.es: Idtations omit· ted].

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In re Birmingham Asbestos Litigation.. 1~ls. 1911617·CRE. April 16, 19931. _ So.2d _ (Ala . 19931, presented the supreme court with Ihe fol· lOWing question of law certified from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit Whether under Alabama law the tort doctrine of "d uty to con· trol" could ~ applied to hold a par· ent COrpOration liable for the acls of its subsidiary.

This question arose in regard to Ihose actions encnmpassed by a lanuary 8, 1991 order issued from the United States Di'trict Court for the Northern District of Alabama. in which the court consolidated, for pr.·tria l purposes, all C31;es in that district "al.\trti ng claims for personal injury, illness or death fr<lm nposure to asbestos products Or asbestos·conta ining products". In these consolidated actions. the plaintiffs gen· erally alleged that they had been

TIlE ALABAMA I.AII'YER

upoud to asbutos in the workplace ~nd h~d suffered strioul injury as a !'QUI\. The: ddtnduoll wtU parmt corpOnIions ~tlht plaintiffs ;l)1r~ htkl votin, intertsts in subsidiuiu tilat INnuliCluml, insWlfd or sold ~tOi or asbestos-contlini", products, and then placed these products into the stUl.m of commtrce, whtu th'1' u1li!Nttly i!«lOme I part of tl>< buildings wh.r. tl>< pbintiffs wor'ed. The plainti ffs $OlIlIht to hold the pilftnt cOrpOrat ion. liable for tht activities of tht asbtstDS·ulattd subsidiaries, The supreme cou rt lOnswe .. d th e c.rtifitd Ques t ion by holdin, that. under All.i!a1N law, tilt "duty to control " doctrine INY not b. applied to hold a partnt corpofltion li.ible for tl>< KIs 01 ill JUbsidilory, The: plaintiffs ~ adYOCllttd I dtparture from U'" wtllutabliil",d doctrine of "pitrcing the corpont. lI!ir, Thfy argutd ~t. par· tnt corpontion should be liablt klr tho KIJ of its s ubJidiary if (II II>< partnt control. tho subsidiary Jond (2) the par· ont u.n fouKe tho ~rm t~t the lub· sid iary'l ~tlivi t iu may h3vt . Th e plaintiffs bastd thti r "duty to control" theory on Ril/alllrnerll (Second) of TorlJ, 1315 (1965), Th. plaintiff. con· ttndod t~t tho associ;l;tion bet"'... n a pi rtnt compiny Ind ih lubsidilO ' y should be dttmed a "SptCial rtlilion" klr]lUrpoaes of 1315, much li~ those 01 partnt "nd child, mut .. ind KNllnt, m<! the relation 01 a pCWcsS(lr 01 w.d or ch.1ud. to I lictnstt. The: plaintiffs' thtory of liabili ty rultd upon t ht prtmiH tMt the 1315 duty to control should apply In an,l circum.tance where ont individual cont rol. the ~ctions o( inothtr and the othtr's ~ctioru rosu lt in fortKtablt harm.

In rtjectin, all of tht plaintiffs' argumtnts, the sup remo court rnffirmtd thit the law in Alabarm is that a pl.intiff must first "piem' the corpor.ott 1I!i1" beloft tilt partnl COfjIOration's liability INY be tstablislltd. A parcnt corponolion, evfn one that 010.... ;1)1 of lilt stock ot a sub$idilory COrponlion, is not subjeel to liability for the Kts 01 its .ub.idi.iry unlw the paunl 50 controls tilt opmotion 01 the .ubsidiary lOS to mako it a mtU W,iunct, irutrunvntlliity or altt r ego of the rltent corporation. More~r. thut must be tht added t lt mtnts

THEALABAMA LAWVER

of misuse and ~rm or 1015 from the misust.

re~ulting

undlord .lIoblUty for o;:rimi.... _b of third pe..ons In L...,.S. D. An~/ts COrp(Jralion, [Ms. 1911 .. 13. March 12, 1993J,_ So.2d _ tAb.. 1993}, the plaintiff, a residen t of Cad.den, Alabama, WiS raped by an Intrudo. who came through the li~in, room window of her apartment. She sued her landlord, allegin, that it ntgligtntly failed to maintain M r apartment window in a .... fe condition and ~t this nt,li,tnet rt.lUltfd in the attack on her, The trial court entered a summary judgment for the ddtn<.W>t. The: prirmry issue on aweal

Wa5 whether t he trial court erred in dtlnmininQ that, lOS i !Niter of law, the dtfondant could not btc Iltld liable for the attack on tilt pLaintiff.

A maj o rity of the sup rtmo court a,ntd that the trial court properly dtttrmined t~t the dtlenoWlt owed 110 s/aluli1f¥ duty to tilt pbintiff under tilt 19l!S Standard Howin, Code. since the plaintifi". ipartment complu was (00. structed before the effective date of Gadsden's adoption of the Code.

Acwr<linllly, "[A[!mnl 5uch a statutory duty. a landlord rtIlIy not l>o: twld liable for tht criminal aeu of third ptrsoru unlus such Kts ~rt uuonably fort· suabl.: Brock It. Watts Real/V Co.. 582 So.2d <438 (Ala. 1991), A ",*,rity 01 the

You

a True For 0Ytf hilf a «mury,

MmmIppi VlIIey nile hoi. been In tho spodIaJ'It, proYIding tho dirtction

ancIludmhip that WI only ~ from an Dlusuy 1HcIer. WitJI MVT j'IlOJ'", not gm!n& 1M e.~ 01 one Insum, but twO..

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with our paronl COIlIpi/l'/, Old Republk: Nallonll TItk lnsum.ct Complrly, ranktd lII!OI'I3 tho r1iItlQn's SO ~ publicly held Insur"Inct OIpnlutlonL 8ec_ it MIs5I!IIppI Villry TItIt, """ kJxM> lhiItlll.llnlMninlltadmhip Is an ill. not"Kt.

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MISSISSIPP I VALLEY TITLE • , • ' lNSURANCE COMPANY

SEPTEMBER 1m ! 337

court concluded that even though the plaintiff failed to comply with the provi'ion of her lease which required ,he gi'JO the defendant written notie<! of any ddeets in her apart"",nt. a jury question was created 00 the issue of foreseeability. given th~ defendant's failure to dispute the plaintifrs statement that she g<i\'e oral notice to the defendant's agent who would have bten required to repair the defect in the window.

In .. parate diSstnts. Justices Almon.

Shoru and Houston opined thaI given the majority's holding that the Gao;bden ordinances were not applicable to this case. such should end the matter and result in an affirmance. Justice Almon went further and recognized that even if !his c.ue could not be disposed of solely on the basis of no statutory duty. the PTOjler question was whether the rape of Ih p13intiff was fo reseeabl •• not whether" th e defendants knew Or should have known of the condition of Ithe plaintiffsl window". as the majority s./Itd. "The judgment should bt affirmed on thi. question also. because Ithe plaintiff] does not contend that the rape

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was foreseeable b«ause of similar inci· dents or for any other reason b(')tOnd the ordinances,-

Do f.eslmil . t ••n sml.slons constltut • ..,mngs~ under AI.b.mlI Rules of Court?

In Ex parle Jan Tuck d/b/a Co/emil Pools. 1M •. 1920134. May 14. 1993). _ So2d _ (Ala. 1993). the supreme court was presented with the following issue of first impression: " 'hether sending, by facsimile. a copy of a nolice of appeal from district court to circuit court s./Itisfies the Rule SIt)' A.R.Ciu.P .. requirement of "filing with the clerk or register of the court-.

The plaintiff sued the defendant in diUrict court on March 4. 1991. On Decembtr 19, 1991. the district courl entered a judgment in favor of the pla intiff and again.t the defendant. On January 2. 1992. the defendant sent a facsim ile trarumittal sheet to the office of the circuit clerk: that transmittal included a copy of a notice of appnl from the district court to the circuit court. The defendanl also advised Ihe circuit clerk's office that the original of the notico of appeal was being placed in the mail the same day, The clerk's office receiwd the original notice of appeal on January 3. The plaintiff filed a motion to dismiss. arguing that the defendant'S notice of appeal was unti"",ly - specifically that it was not filed within the 14day period prescribed by Ala. Code 112·12-70(3) (1975).

The circuit court granted the plain · tifrs mOl ion to dismiss. The court of civil appeals reversed the lrial cour!"s judgment of dismissal. The supreme court granted the defendant's petition for a wril certiorari. and unanimously held that. "for purposes of Ihis appeal". the facsimile copy of t he notice of appeal trarumiUe<l On January 2 was a timely filing under Rule 5. The court then went 00 to s./Iy as follows: This Court hu referred the whole subject of facsimile filing. including notic.s of appeal, to its Standing Commit\« on the Rules of Civil Pnxedure and its Standing Committee on the Rules of Appel· late Procedure , As of now. we have not rece ived a report from these committee•.

We off.. the follO'l'o'ing .........t to the Bar: The notice of appo:al from the di'trict court to the circuit court in this case is treated a. a proper and timely filing. Likewise , other filings atlempted by facsimile transmiuion in reliance on the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeab will bt taken as pTOjler on the same basis through the period ending July 31. 1993. After that date we will not recogni.e faCSimile transmissions as filing, within the meaning of our rules of court or the statutes of this state. except as statut.. Or rules may 'pecifically authorize "fil· ing"" by faCSimile transmission. The Alabama rules of tourt do not presently specifically authori .. any "filings" either of notices of appeal Or any other documents. by facsimi· Ie transmissions.

Accordingly. it appears that until the standing committees act on Ihi' issue. the court. as of July 31. 1993..... ill not recognite facsimile transmiMions as filings under Rule 5.

Editor's Note: The federal courts do allow papers to be filed by facsimile transmil$ion "if permitted by rules of the dist r ict cou rl .. Rule 5(t ) .

F.R.Civ,P. Moreo,·e.. a facsimile trans· millal as a form of filing has recently bten authorized by the stat. courts in Arkansas. florida. Maine and New York.

Settl.....nt .greements under Rule 4?, AI •. R.App.P.• nd AI.um.s Code 134-3-21 In u porle Wilma D. Simms. [Ms. 1911395. May 28. 1992), _ So.2d _ (Ala. 1992). the supreme court granted a writ of certiorari to review a holding by the court of civil appealslhat settlement agreements entered into in the lrial court are controlled by the provisions of Rule 47. Aia.R.App.P. Th. plaintiff filed a negligence action against Ihe defendant for injuries r~ceived in an automobile accid~nt.

The plaintifrs attorneys negotiated a proposed settlement agreement with the defendant'. attorney. The plaintiffs attorne)" reduced the agree· ment to writing. and the plaintiff and his attorneYI signed it. The tria l court SUbsequently enforced the writlen settlement agreement. and the defendant appealed to the court of civil appeals , THE ALABAMA LAWYER

Notwithstanding tm f~t that tht ~tttt­ ment iIIrumrn\ was tntutd into in tho: trial court, tht court of ciyil ~Ppu.ll applitd tht provisions of Ru lt 47 and cooclu!kd th.lt Iht uquinments of a valid stltlement agrtermnt h.ld not

Hcond t.1.\1. Howtver, Wright reque$td that &als'$ tutimony from tho: fint tNI bot nlld to tht jUf}'. The trial court rtfwtd this uqutst. The court 01 crimi· !loll appull, by an unpublW>td mrmooandum opinion, affirm(d Wright 's

-~,

oorMction.

The sup reme courl recognized Ihat some confusion uists among Iht botnch and bar regarding whtlher Rule H applies to settlement agree· ments ruched at tht tri al leyel.

Mtt r noting !tyeral casu in which it hlt reviewe d the v.tidi ty of stlllement agrtuntntJ ruchtd in the trial court and hu on those occas ions app litd the proyisions of 134·3·21, without mentioning Rule 47, tho: court iIITftd with Judge In ~Ment's inter· pnL'ltion th.lt, "II would s«m Ih.It Ruk 47 would IIO"tm Httlnntnt iliJftmtnts nachtd ...,ik the INlle. is on awul, while _lion J.4·3·21 would iIO"tm set· tlement iIITftments r.achtd while tM cut is slillat the tr"lln'tl." Spurlock v. Pit:Jn«r Firltl>KiDf s.,n,K:a. In<:., 80S F.S u pp. 782, 783 (M.D.Ala. 1992).

Accordingly, it is now cltar that Rule 47 governs uttlement ag reements on ap~al, while 1J.4-3·2 1 controls Httle· monts in the tr .. l <;()Uri.

Supremo Court of Alabama-Criminal

,.,tlmon,

Prio, .net lIMo StIth ArneJ"ch •...n1 E.c pqrt. Wright, 27 ABR 3079 (Hoy 21,1993). Wright was charged "'ith first degree asnult in Ihe shooting of FiKemin, At hil first trial, tht jury ....,1$ unable 10 ruch I ve rdict and th. trial court declared a mistrial. His second trial rtsulttd in a conviction. In bolh of his trials, Wright's deftn •• to t he luault eh.lrg. WlS tlut an(lther ~r­ son-E.M .. and root Wright-h.ld shot ~min. AI Wright's fint trial, drltnSl' wilnw &als tntifitd t..d Itm E.N. In the po$StSSion of a .2S ClIlibotr gWl. The bullet th.lt il\iund F'xtmin abo ClIme from a .25 c.aJibtr gun. Suls also sI.ltt'd Ih.II E.N. Later told him that he IE.M.1 No:! shot !'"Kemlre. This testi· mony was tht only testimony di n cUy suppa";ng Wright's tilrof}' of dtf.f\5t.

Stalt was root present to testify at the

""'t ""

THE AlABAMA I.o\WYER

Citing Mc!'tro,'s Alabama &idena, the supnlnt court htld that although former testimony is hanlY, it is admi$,iblt .... hen the ~'5OI\I1 attelllW"ott 01 ~ witness i, not protunbl. ~nd when the former teslimooy muts cutain crit.ria.

Chid Justice Hornsby. writing for the court, stated as follows: Without heiring JoneJ's ttllimony, the tNI court could r>OI ha ... dttennintd whethtr htr testimony would ~ established eitht. that &als was perman.ntly or indtfinltdyab$(nt from the ltaIe. or Ihat Wrlght 'l attorney uud due diligence in attempting to ucure Stals', preunce at trial.

ThU$, WI! (Onc:ludt that by r.fusing to consider Jones's testimony, the trial court abused ilS disc .. ·

tion. Further, whtn WI! ronsi!kr the $UbsL'l~ 01 Stals's tutimony In the first Ir;"l, compared with the tvide~ pmented in the _. and trial, and the /act that in the first trial the jury could not ruch .. dtcisJon as to Wright's guilt. ..... must further conclude th.lt the trial court's error prejudiced Wright's def.nse, A"ordingly, tht sup r.m. cou rt r .... rsed Wrlllht's conviction. holding that Ihe trial eourt abused ilS diKretion ;n nfuslng to allow defense COUNt! to present tesllmony utiblished Seals's unavailab ility U i predicate for the introdudion 01 his prior (WirTlOO)'.

U_ of

"'po,It"""

I" crimi"" c _ _ _

& JXl'/. RlJbertson, 27 AB R ],(71 (lW'lt 4, 19931. Robertson was indicttd

for first !kllTee burglary, fint degr« Tlpe lind first d.g.ee robbery. The indidmtnts ..... n based on the State', .vidtnce that Robe rtson had entered the homes of two elderly WOmen Ithtn

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SEI"TEMBER 1993 1339

aged 72 and 881 and had raped and robbed them.

The Stale movW to take the depruilion. ollhe elderly vieli"" purluanl to f 12·21·261. eM<! of Alabama (1975); Roberhon objected to the Stat e's request. At a hearing on th e State', motion. the State ugued that the portion 01 § 12.21_261. which pl'Q'Jides that the State may pr • ..,,,,.. a wit~ss' testimony in a criminal case only with the consent of a defendant. violated the Equal Protection Clause 01 the Fou rtetn t h Amendment. The trial court agreed. holding that the connnt requirement had no rational relation· ship to a legitimate state interest or protect. d right. and entered an order holding that portion 01 § 12·21 -261 unconstitutional , RObertson petitioned the supreme court lor wri t 01 mandamw;. which was granted, In a per curiam opinion. the court , held that the trial court errtd in holding § 12·21-261 unconstitutional b«ause thelimittd interrogatory proce· dure set out in § 12· 21 -261 did not allow adoquate protection 0( the delen· dant'l Si xth Amendment right of con· frontation. For that re.uon, the constnt requirement hears a rational relation· ship to the purprues of protecting the right of confrontation , However. the supreme court agreed with the t rial court that this problem regarding the right of confrontation need ed to be oIiminated and rderred the matter to the Standing Committee on the Rules of Criminal Procedure to consider whether the mp .. me court should adopt a rule allOWing both the State and a defendant, in the limited circumstances specified by § 12·21 ·261. to take depruitions of witne .... to preserve their testimony, referencing Rule 15(d) of the Federal Rules 0( Crimina) Proct<lure.

BANKRUPTCY Blfun;:.tlon of r•• I6enti.1 mort. . ."e not e nowed In ehepter 13 Nobleman iI. American Savings Bank. Jun e I. 1993. 113 S.Ct. 2106 (1993). The debtor sought to bifurcate a .. ~ iden t i~1 mortgag~ into a secured claim for the value of the real estate.

340 1 SEPTE MBER 1993

and unsecured for the deficiency. as provided for under ~506 ( a) of th e Bankruptcy Code. The plan also pfO\·id· ed for Ihe same tr..tment of the urue· cured as that of the other unsecured creditors. and to resume payment on the mortgage until the SKured portion was paid. The lowe r courts held that this violated § 1322(bl(2).

Justice Thomitl. in speaking for the court. stattd that although 506(a.} dots divide the claim into secured and unsecured accoroing to the value of the col· lateral, §\322(b)(2) prohibi t s mod· ification of rights of the hold .. of a claim secured onlll by the debtor's prin· cipaf residence. The court distinguishw. rights as contrasted with a doim under §1322(b)(2). The court ..solved the tension between the statutes in favor of §1322(b)(2) in holding there can he no modification of the rights of the home mortgage holde r. The court ruled that there can ~ no bifurcation 0( lhe mortgage. but it will remain as security for the enti re claim. Thus. the fk1wsnllP rule which creattd such a stir as to its re.uoning now also applies to lien stripping under a Chapter 13. Ther e is not much teft on the subj ect unless Congress wishu to act. It will b. interesting to ~rve what occurs when a lender obtains a junior residential real estate mortgage in which it is oiwious that there is no equity at any time. Also. will it be he ld that the reuoning of Nobleman applies in Chapler II cases?

righls of creditors with only security on the principal residence o f the debtor. Th e Court called attention to §1322(bj(5) as to cure of the deficiency stating that it should Ix read in con · junction with §506(b). and that in so doing. it i. evident that th e secured leader is entitltd to present value of the arrearage, "Pnsent value of the arrear· ~" means interest must be paid. The debtor had argued that §1325(a)(5). which requires payment of interest on the claim. was not applicable hecause it applies only to modifications. and § 1322(b)(2) ~s n(lt allow modiftcation to a mortgage on a residence . The Supreme Court refused to accept this argumtnt; it held that §132S(a)(S) govems all allOW<'<! secured claims provided for by the plan.

Limitation of incarc.ration p. rlod for civil cont. mpt In benkruptc, c a.e In the Maller of Younger. 986 F_2d 1376, (lith Cir , March 5. 1993). Th ~ involuntary debtor was arrested in order

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In Cheptet' 13, U.S. Supreme Court hold. lhet In curing de fault, d.btor mu. t pa, Int....t on arreara"e Roke v. Wade, June 7. 1993. 113 S.C!.

2187 (1993). In a followup to Nobleman. decided June I. the Supreme Court affirmed the 10th Circuit's hold· ing that even if the mortgage instru· ment fails to requ i .. int e rest on arrearage. and , moreover. under state law wuuld not Ix payable. to cure the default. in bankruptcy. interest must be paid. In this unanimow; decision. also authored bJ' Justice Thomas. the opin' ion first mentioned §506(b) as provid· ing that an ovtr-<:ollateraliud creditor is enlitltd to interest prut-petition until confi , mation. He then followed by referring to §I322(b)(2). and. in partic· ular. the prohibition against modifying THE ALABAMA u\WYER

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10 compel auendmce II , 2004 exami· r11lion. He still nfustd 10 lulily. plud· illll the Fifth Amtndmtnl .. an 1XUSt. Ht WId giwn immunity undtr 1344 01 the llinkruplcy Codt. ind was ordered to I",lily by II maeistflOtt ~ He still nfustd. ind thm WId hotld in conlempt Ind j.liltd indtfiniltly until c:omplyillllOn Ippal 10 the E~nth Circuit. Iht debtor ron·ltodtd lhal undtr Z8 U.5.C. 11826. no inu-rctration u-n txcted 18 monliu. Tht queslion w;os the appliu-· bility 10 Ihe ci led Codt stcl ion 10 II bankruptcy civi l contempt. Tht Court held that Wcillll the word.! of 1m ltalule lileflOlly. II does apply.;wI lhat!he confi~mtnl cmkr by !he Dislrlct Court on Nowmbtr 20. 1992 is limited to tht lenglh of Ihe bank ruplcy cue Or 18 month. from tM order .... hich~r is

....

E"venth Circuit Iookl. tMt punltlv. . . . . . . . . .ri.I"1t from fr.udu-.nt conduct ... non-dI-.c:Mrv-. b..

1/, re SI. LQunml. 991 F.2d 6n. (lith Cir. May 20. (993). The cre ditor had obtained a Florida judgmtnt against a debtor (51. Laurenl) who had failed to

payoff I rul Hlalt mortgage from tht purclwt funds. The mit court found 51. Laurent liablt for fraud. IIwllrding $48.70$ tompeni/llory lind $50.000 punitivt damagn. St. Lau rtnt. in II Chapter 7 UK. tried \0 oblllin dis· chll rgt on the judgement debt. The Bllnkruptcy Cou rt appHod coHat.ral eltoppel 10 hold the debt non · dis· chllf8table unde r f523(aj(2)(A) and 1523(a)(4): lhe Dislrict Court affirmed.

On appul. the d.btor cla imed Ih at puniti ve dlmagtJ for frau d aredis· charg~ble .. II matter of law under 1M cittd Code stctions. The Elovtnth Cir. cuit first held that coliateral .. toppel ..... appliu-blt. II IMn . .. II maner of fint impruaion in the circuit. deter. mined that although most Bankruptcy Couru {indudillll the Northern District of AllINIT'll) hold such d.l.rrIIges .. dischargtablt. the contrll')'.w is rorrn:L In holding the punitive dimllgn III non ·diK harguble. it ... rote that the IIIng~ of 1M .btult is cltar thai tilt tenn "debt" tncom~Sl'Unitive dam· age award •. II rtjecttd the a rgument thilt the 19M IImendm~nl of 523(aj(21(A) lim ited the definition of "debt" to compensalory dimagu.

,.1

Priority of f. . t •• lien ov ... judg.... nt tlen 1I.S. (IRS) II. McDermott, 61 USLW 4282 (1993). Th is cu~ discuued the "fi m in tim. " rule. holding that it IIpplin only ... hotn perfecttd .. a slat~ lien ... htn there hllve bun u!l,blishtd the 101lowin8: (Ij idtnlity of lienor. (2) properly subj~tl to the litn. lind (3j .. mounl of lien. Justice SCllli ... writing for Ihe majorily. determined t ha t II federal I n lien primed II stlltt court jud gment lien tllTliu reco rded. but upon which Ihe lien did not lItich on t he after· IIcquind property unlil the propu ty ... u IIcquirtd. lind thlt the limt of ~quisition is whtn the dtbtor xquiru rights in the property. To summarizo the fids: the cmlitor recorded "judg. .... nt lien. the IRS then r"ord.d itt. fedenl tar. lien. lind then the debtor uquired rights In the prope rly. Th. creditor agreed that il had roo rights in Iht property until the IItbtor obtaintd the property. which w" after the filillll of tho ftderal tax Hen. Th us. Ihe !1\II}ori· Iy of the Court held the fedtrlll tax lien to be superio r. Jus t ices Thomas .

5ttv'tnl lind O'Connor di_nted.

•

By JAMES F. fiANPTON vt r the pa$t ni~ )'tan. my participation in the Alabl.· rl\I 5tlte liar La~r Referral Strvico ha,. ltd me to i variely of inlerest ing and profitable ditnts. Whilt many of thtH n ltmls I'fcwlttd in roo fu lind roo rtprurnb· tion on my p"'t. nW'Iy haw mulltd in the ntM!1;,.hment of an morney·dienl r.llllionship ... ith lin oc:cuioNl tlienl returnillll for substqutnt ~prntnli.tion in othrr rl\Itttl'l.

I rKt1\Ity had the unUSUIII but moot pleasant owortunity to g,ain additioNl be-ntfiu from thi> rdemlltMc:t. A$luck would havt il. I WId ~~md a ciiml who had conlloctS on the Caribbean i.llII1d of llirbidos. when I was iboul 10 viait.

Aft.r my initllli mteting with my cli.nt, in which I cuUIIlly informed him of my im~nding trawl. he arranged to havt a drivtr and car m«I my wife and me in Barbados. The driver

Q

TIl E ALABAMA u\\WEII

took us on an u tensive tour of the island. showing US pOints of inlerest. He then drovt us 10 l pOpUllIr fbr~ ~.burant before droppillll us off to contin ... our lrip.

Obviously .... e cllnnot count on such btnefit. simply

by Plrticipaling in the b.i.r'1 ~r Rtftml Service. Howtv'tr. I can say ... ith certainty thaI had I root Plrtitipattd I nNer.......,."Jd hlIvt had wch an opportunity to 1ft lli~ ;os thoroughly;os I did or II) ""fliti""t. lIS fully in the cullun of il!

The bt~fits 10 the prllCtitiontr particiPint ilre o/n.;ous. lind occaslonlolly thel'fc are ellen KI .... hidd.n bt~fits. such .. this. I strongly encouragt other lIttOTTlfyS to PIIrticipate In Ihis program.

•

5E I'TEM B~:R

19931 341

First Kids' Chance Scholarships Awarded

....

.-

AaIM ula 8. Casually Alabama Power FoondallOn Alabama Rehab<I,tatoon Management. In<;

Mvron K AIlensteln Balch 8. 6ngham

"'" , """"" Catl"

8. AssocIates Ca,pen\el Rel'laOIi<!atoon CoosuItal11S

.10M J Coleman, J, CooJ.>e<, Mitch, C'swlord, Kuy\<elldall &. l"Il1atl<ly

G RocI( 01910<1110 DrI.lll'llTlOl'ld Company. in<;

1M ]992 anrw m«ting oIth! Aliba.mlI 5mt Bu. Charlu ~rr, hrn dwr of the ",orlctrf Comptn~tion ~ction. ctlil1'l\IItd section nlrnftlS to W<)<lt with him to tslablWI the Kids' ChlInce Scholarship Fund. Tht purpou. of the fund if \0 proovidt high school. trade school and colle8' scholarshipslo childan ..... 110 have tI3d I p.lrtn! killed or ptrmanenlly and totally dis· ;!bled In a work-rd.ttd ~ident.

Tht Kid,' Chane. Orllanintional

PV.

CommiUet. chaired by John CoI"' lIIn,

111. a Binninghim attomty. 1I1d Rktlin:l Brown ing . a Mobile ,,!l omey. began working 10 "tabl"h th. program in Alab.i.lt1.I. Committ •• nw:mbtrs pl~d bdwun S750 and S1.500 tach to tht fund ~ we ll is a suMtantial al1'l()Un\ of thtir limo:. Tht committee put a gr. at deal 01 tfJort into} developing. fundriliing plan. apprOpriate

p.«.du rn and

'I'pljulion (orms. (Tht p, ollflrn il ~inl$ttml by tilt Alibinv. Uw fOUfl· datiorL) Contributions ...~rt also sought outside the legal community. HEALTH· SOUTH b«.ame i major corponu Jpansor, giving $]5,000. The AI~ Power

342 { SEPTEMBER 1993

founda t ion Jnd Atlnl uch J wardtd

S5,OOO to Kids' Clqnct , (Mr $.40.000 " 'J5 TliKd In Kids' Clqnct ', £irst si. months 0( opmlion..

Tlle Kilb' Ch;.nc( Schol,mhip Com· mittH was compri~ 0( non ·Ia\o)'e1'1 J5 well as lawytrs. with Charln Carr .. TV· ing as chai r. Us memN1'1 put in ma,'Iy hou1'1 evaluatinQ applic.atioru iItId help. ing publlcin the program in t heir r..peclive communitia Committee memNn include: Rick Clqmbm 0( HEALTtISOI1TH; Riclqrd lR.is 0( the United $tHI W~rs A$so. ci;r.tion; Riclqrd Duun of Birmingham SIHI; St(\'( ron!. I Tuscaloosl attornqo: Mary KeMi(r, I Hirminglwn rthabililll· lion spKialist; lnd JO( Pie1'1Ol1 of Aetna.

L~ nora Pate, director of the Alabama I)(partment of looustrW Relations,lnd Jimmy Dill, insur.lI'Ict commisoiontr d Ihe Stlte of A1JbamJ , hn't serwd a.s hononry committtt "'"nbus.

Tm applialions WIIU uaMd for the fiflt schoi<Ir$hiPL The schoLlr$hip com· mi tt •• rtvi~d the applications lnd <host three r.cipi.nts for scholarships totaling $1 7.500. Chuck Byrd of Staple-

--

Engel Walsn & ZogI'ItIy Floyd. "'_.Cusmano.!.

-'''''''' '"'""'" HEAlTHSOUTH

PaUt<;k P Hughes

RaMa11 6. James Mary H. Ke-ssier Loo . SullIVan 8. Malhls Ma,.nard. Coopet.!. Gale McEtvy8.Ford Par1<er & Lundy L""",s W Pale Jchn

F Porter

Re/'Iabol,taoon & EmpIoymenI Ins~tute of AWwna Rhea. Boyd & Rhea R~s & PeterSOl'"l JQrT'I\IS H. $a><on, J r Sherllng. 6,,,,,""'9 & Vorl<

E~PS1U1tS

_CSSy$!mecJIc, Inc

Rodney L Ward JQM F Whttaker

WOlfe, Jones & Boswett Hubefl H. Wrogh!

THE ALABAMA U WYER

ton will be a freshman al BishOp Stale Community College in Mobile. Chuck plaru; 10 study dralUng and design. Joe Ellis of Bessemer i. a ri.ing junior at Alabama A &: M. majoring in for.stry.

Melissa Parker of Eight Mil. will b\> a fre.hman at the University of Sou l h Alab;!ma. Melissa plans to major in education and pu rsue a tnching career.

Receiving the "ho;>larship enab led one student 10 att end school full time, rather than work full time and bo a part_ time .tudent. Molher student was kept from having to;> taKe out substantial l()aru; to help pay the cost of attending school.

The scholarsh ipS ,,~re awarded al Ih. 1993 annual meeting of the Alabama State Bar in Mobile. Thf: r~ipi.nts iIrld Iheir parents jOined the scho;>larship committee for breakfast prior to Ih. Crand. Convocatio;>n. The thr.e young people wtre truly gratefUl 10 bo chosen ",inners of the firsl Kids' Chance Scholarships and for the oppOrtunily boing provided. Charles Carr .. presSfd Ih. f.elings of those involved with lhe program ..... h.n h••talw,"You were in a situation where an unfortunate circumstance developed,and we ~re happy that we were the", to provide some help for you. All we ask in return i5 to do good in

sehoo;>l ...... ork hard and ma ke good grade5."

Kid..' Chance has made tremendous progress in one )'t'ar thanks to the caring and hard W<lrk of all ..... ho helped with its organization. We would appred_ ate your help, too. If you can contribute

or make a pledge. do;> so on the plMgt form that fo;>lIows. Please spread the word about Kids' Chance in your community. For more inf(lTTT\/l(ion contact Charles Carr at Rives & Peterson. (205] 328·8141 or Tracy Daniel al .tat. bar • headquarters (800) 354-6154.

r"""""""··················_··· _··_···················· ......... , ~

KIDS' CHANCE SCHOLARSHIP FUND

i ,,

Yes. I will make a contribution to the Kids' Chance Scholarship Fund. My : check for $ is enclosed. or please b ill me on January 1 for : ,, the follow'ng amount: , ( ) S50

()$loo

() $250

,,! ,

() $

Name

:

Address City _ _ _ _ _ _ _State _ _ __ _ l ip _ _ _ __ Signed this

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-The KIds' Chanoo Sc">i<uohop lund il l """"ram ot <he AJaD.mo law Fwndotion, inc., ..... en is I qUllrfred cr..mlble <>rgoruntiOn under the Inlernll R"""""" COd& S&<:liOn 501(eK3) """ Iher..ror.... r:ontnt>ubrlnS Ire tax <leductrblo.

pt_ ... it II! ..... triloutioru \0 : KlU' Ct.lnn Sd•• b .. hip fuod Alot.. .... t - F.u....lion. P.O. Box 671. ~ .... tco....". AL36101

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ADDRESS CHANGES

I Complete the form b\>\ow ONt.Y if there are changes to your I;'ting in the currentAloboma Bar Directory. Due to change. in the statute gowmi"ll election of bar commis$iorwrs .....~ now are required to use memb\>rs' offi« addresses. unless none i. a.·aHable or a memb\>r is prohibited from '«<iving ,tate bar mail at the office. Add itionally. tilt Alabama Bar l)ireclory is compHw from our mailing list and it is impOrtant to use business addreMe' fo' that reason. NOTE: If we do not kn<:tw of an addreM change. we cannot make the necessary changes on Our records. SO please notify US ..... hen your address changes. Mall form to: Ali« Jo lIendrix. P.O. So:< 671 . Montgomery. AL 36 101.

M.mbtr tdontificatiM (Sox"t Security] Numbtr

Choose on<: 0 Mr.

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0.,. __________ _ _ _ _ __ __ Stat< ZtPC<>de, _ _ _ _ __ L _______________________________________________ ~ C~y

THE A~8AMA

~WYER

SEPTE MBER t993 / 343

In the Interest of Justice: A Tribute to Judge James Edwin Horion, Jr.

and Clarence Lee Walts

Counlll BarAsw<wl~ ~mf JudfJ<-' Jam .. E. Horton. Jr. of Alh,,,", (1878.-1973/ and Clam>« I.. WailS o"' {utl /j';;lk.il~ 1963) (or th.i, fI",(icipclion hI II>< inf" r"'f "Scolt., />oro Bogs' cases ,,",,ieh drew ;"Iema/_of nllen/ion .

I in AloMw ;" I"" 1!J3aI. AIl elt"" chiltlr<m oIl>oIh

I"" lot<'

l~

allmrkd 1M

.-, emotioniJll.aw Day «!Trmonjl which w.u ~ by 1M """",;Iing of /"... brooou P/1/IlUU ",,,,mwioner! bill"" 1><1, IW«wtKmJ.

By JAMES R.

Horton, ....

344 /SEPTF, MRER 1993

he fourth prosecution of H.Y"'ood PalterWIl--(>nf of nine defendant. in the inl.m(}u.

Scottsboro Casu"-began in a [)realur courtroom em January 20.1936. By contempOrary standard>. the ewnl> which unfolded there amounttd to little more than.

ACCARDI pale. scandalous imitation of justice; (rom the jury selection to the court's oral char~. the proc .. dings brimmed with fUIl<I.rr,.,ntal unl,im",5. Although it i. diffi· cult to imagine in this era of complex procedural rules and stringent appellate .Kruti· ny, Patterson 's fourth trial was as much it mockery as his third and much more so than his second. .

Yd , out of the dark shadow cast hy the Scottsboro dd,ade, two m.mbers of the Alabama boar em",ged as courageol15--.alm<l5t heroic-figures: Judge James Edwin Horton. Jr. of Athens and Clarence L« Watts of Huntsville. Neither man sought par· ticipation in the proceedings. Each had follQ\O.'Od his conscience and Sl.'1l5e of ethical dut~ and was rewarded, in differing amounts. with the ha"h sting of public reproba· tion.

Jam,s E""'in Horton, Jr. was a nati"" of north Alabama. the "descendant of plo· neers. planters. pOli ticians and Confederates." Educated at Vanderbilt and Cumber· land uni""rsities. he Wa.\ clas.slcally trained and well \'erSl.'d in Hte ..tur. , history.

GTffk and Latin. After engaging in a succes.sful law practice and serving with distinc· tion in the state legislature, Horton was appOinted to fill the unexpired term of Judge William Simpson. chancell or of the northern chancery division. He returned to his practice after his seat on the bench was abolished in the 1915 judicial reorganiza· tion which created tho circuit court systom. Horton ran for the circu it jud~sh;p in 1922 and was elected: he was r«lected in 1928 without opposition. A soft·spOken. e""n·tempered man. he was held in high reg3rd by the citizens of Limestone County and the attorneys who practiced before him .

In March 1933. Judge Horton rtcoiwd the call that would all .. the CourSi' of his public life. Th. Scottshoro defendants' fi rst convictions had been owrtumed by the United States Supreme Court; Horton was informed that he had been selected to pre· side owr the second trial in Decatur.

The judge accepted his assignment matter·of.factly, acutely aware of the public .Krutiny and prejudice which had ,,\tended the Scottshoro trial. jltt determined that the Morgan County proceeding would be fair. Described by historian Dan T. carter as generally "calm and unruffled". he ruled with an even·handedness that impressed even lIa",,"OO<.I Patterson'$ New York attorney, Samuel Ltibowit •. The judge, according to his SOIl. Ed Horton, began the trial feeling "as did most Alabamians. that the defen· dants wert probably gu ilty: Befort the proceedings had concluded. 1Jo'I.-ever. he had completely changed his mind. Mler Patterson was again convicted and sentenced to

THE AIABA."IA LJIWYER

duth. Horton. in tilt ba at aprus and implied (InulS. Ilranted a defenst motion and ordtrtd I ntW IrW. Says Ed Horton. - He had neitl!« a politicalllOf soci a l agenda [in granting tht new Irial ). II was purely" fN.UU of law and conscit~." 11w: loIlowi"ll )'tn. m wos unlt,ltd in the Otmoc rat ic prim..y alttr hlying bten removed from Ihe cast. He Itft law enlirely. first \OOI'king wilh TVA do,ng w,d acquisilions, Imn Jtltlirlll in os I cottoo lind cottle fa ...... r in Li mulone County. According to Hor. ton', Ii.... d Iht rtma,ndtr of his long life with no rtgrtts coocemin,g his Scotubo, o ruli"ll. "He uid orw:e: Ed Horton uys. "\11111 if hot hodn'/ ",ltd tilt way he did. he wouldn't li""d 50 10flil. lit was comfortable with his dKi· sion [and his political faltl 10 tht end."

Tht removal of Ju dge Horton Irom tho PiUtrson tIJt ~ not rompl.t.1y snufl'f<I 0111 hi, influ.rw:. in 1111: mau u. h~w:r. Aftt r Ih. def.ndlnt's Ihi rd conviclion was m.'tn.ed by 1111: supreme court tor systtfN.lic uclusion aI blacks from 1m jury wnirt .• fourth trial was dockttt<! in Decatur. lIy Ihis I'me. the SCOluboro Ddtnse Committee. an inurnalion of Ih. j.QCil1i,I,orienttd.

New York orpniulion devoled to Ih. dtfellJt oI lhot n;roe )'OUng mm chirgtd in 1111: cases. had devised • ntW sll'lltei/Y regarding the dtrtllJt Itlm for PaUer· son's next trial. It ~ become obviOllS I~I. as talented an advocale as Samuel leioowilz mighl hlVi: bun. the fici I~I he ...·os an OIIlli1kr ~ provi"ll to IK mort of I lilbility thin In ISStl. Indeed. a major lheme 01 thot prosKUlion tum throughoul the S«Ond and third trials ~ bun. in t$Jt1lCt. "us- y.

"Ihem.- Leibowitz was obviously from Brooklyn and a New York physician had b«n rtYtaled to be a bentl'dor oI .... rpriJt defense witneN Ruby Bat.. (one of tilt ;alltgtd " - victimsl. As Dr. Allan Knighl Cllllimen.. chiirman 01 tilt SOC. ob.K~. "... [i) Southern I.... must b. Qivtn t he pri mary pOl,lion wi t h rtgard to .tr. t tgy and .ppearance befort 1m court." Judge Horton ..... hen asked. rtCOmmeOOtd C!arerw:t L Watl$

son. m

hi,,,

·y."

01 HunlS\~lle.

Wall "'"'" a hil!hly rti(lKIed allorrot)' with .. rtpUtalion IS I "1iwytr'1 t....-yer."

Allhough chaoo.risliUlty a)rutrv.ltiw

THt: AI.AllAMA lAWYER

in hil polilical lI\liludel. h. ~Iiewd ~.ty in tilt oqUility 01 ;all ptQplt in Ihe .~el 0/ Ihe law. A graduate of Ih. G.org.to .... n Uniytrsi l ~ School 01 l aw . he was a fa mily,orien ted individual-he had five chi ld , en and 13 ,randchild ren-lInd serytd IS a chu rch tldt, for most 01 his lIdull life. According to hil Ion. Willilm I'Irk ",atls. hot lived .. "1ona: and nwnpla ry lif.- and was an in tellectual. admi,ed and loved by many. He was. ,n summary. p,t ci5ely what the SOC WaJ looking for. As Or. Chalm.rs noled. " ...[tIlt] La-.."ytr IlIIIt we wert ,",king ~ to Ix .. local IrWl of l.IfIqut..tiontd publi<; rtpUlition. a bel~ in the boys' inooCf1ICt. MId wiDing to risIc for. year's pay

tilt pot6ibility \hI1 local hostility would outlast thot year's poy_.lwlo tOund such a IrWl in C.L \\'.11$..•."

Wattl was immediately faced .... ith a Iroubling ethical. moral and pe rsonal dlltml11l. Acc.pt ing • posilion on the delenn t •• m .... as lu re 10 resull in IOClil and prof~1 0IIt1'llCism: thert wen many in Ihe community who would ~ betn dtti,httd 10 t..v. Pat_ terson and sevtral of his co-dtfendants whisked off immediately 10 di •. Mo,.ove r. the SOC had ciur ties with Ih. Communisl porty and othor groups not porticu].. ly popul"r in the country lit Ihe tim •. On Ihe Ol her hand. Walls belitwd Hal"">Od Patterson 10 be innoctnt. In Iht tnd. Ihis imperll,W OUI·

Cumberland Sc11001 of lAw Presents Depositions: Technique, Strategy and Control with Paul M. Lisnek, J.D., Ph.D. Depositions are more than just pretrial information gathering devices.

They are a crucial opportunity to develop case theory, test opposing stories, and establish credibility.

This seminar 'Will teach the strategies, techniques, and communicative dynamics ne<:essary to control depositions and strengthen your case structure for trial.

Dr. Lisnek steps inside the mind of the deponent and lawyers by explaining how people process information. With this knowledge, lawyers can create the most effective questio ns possible. No one leaves with unanswered questiolrs

on strategy ami approach.

Lawyers across the country agree that Dr. Lisnek's approach is refreshing, his style unique. This will be the only Alabama seminar conducted by Dr. Lisnek this yea r. Don't miss the opportunity to hear this popular lecturer!

Friday, September 24, 1993 6 CLE Credit Hours Hoover Publ.ic Library Auditorium· Hoover To register call Cumberland CLE at (205)870-2865 or 1-800-888-7454 outside the Birmingham area

SEP'1l:Mll r R 1993 / 345

weighed .. II the oth .. conside rations.

Ht liked fo r, Ind wllS guann teed, I sum 0( SS.OOO; Willi c1t1rly rtgarded this u more thf prdouiorW i... unnce policy dtKribtd by Dr. ClWmtrs thm i ltgal fet. With Ltlbowitl reluctantly stttled into in unfimili .. r supporting role, the trilll beguL It did not tab Ioog for Watts to Itlm that thinp wert not going 10 change much hKauK of his prtstnct. l>uring Jury stltction, tho: trial judge mad. ""'eral prejudicial remarks that seerm<lto Indicate his impatienco with the ddtnJt. When Victori.. Price. Patttr· 5(Kl'S ;>tclUtr, took tho: stand, the court refustd to allow the dtftnst to cross· ewniM her on fKU now d«mtd to be highly .. levant, As tile trill WOrt on, tilt judge mtmd his ""''II objections to C'Videnct from tho bench .. nd, lIS ~n D.rter nott$. "made no ,,\tempt to con· ctil from the jury oither hi. disgust with tho: ddenst attOfTle)'S or his con· tempt for thoir contentions ... : Watts

r

s!ru"ltd with 1m court's rulings and, II (lI'It jur'I(ClU1"t, mow<1 for II mittri;.l on the grounds INt the cou rfs optn ;md fllgnnt hostility hid tff«l.i~1y dmifd hil clitnt II fli, lrial. ~ motion W"" !!mitd by the judgf: and 11K trial continutd.

In his cioJilllllrgumrnt, Walts introductd hinl$df N II "fr~rv,I and ntighbor from Madison County." Spt'aking in II {111m voice. ht appu,ltd to tht jury's KR>e 01 logic lind flit play. He attacktd Mrs. Prict', tutimony and countered tho prOKcu!ion', pin for the "protect ion of womanhood" wilh an urgent appnl for the ·prot« tion of the in....:.. ~I:

It,ywood r.llrrson.

ddtru.e 01. Clutnet Norris. lllOlhtr of

1M Scotuboro ddt~nts. Dupi!.

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346 1sr.rn:MBER 1993

~

drom of Walts Ind Ltibowit1, Nn,ri.

===================:;-l bib

one. 19ain. was

found ,l\lilly. lloW1'vtr. thi, tim. the jury fiud hi, stntence al 75 yur> instead of duth.

Wilits would Liter p,lrticip.Ut in th.

and to was nnt.n,.d found guilty

death. At the conclusion of the t rill, obviously buttn down by the n ren and prusure. W.. tts rose from his ch .. ir .. nd .. n_ nounced that he was too ill to continue . Compromists wert e\'mtu .. lly arranged with rUJII'ct to .. number of the Scottsboro clln; WatlS re mained disillusioned and dishurttn t d by whal h. foll had bttn a complete f,,;lure 0( justice.

Clutnce Witts co-founded the firm thit tvtnlu· "lIy was to be· COmt W"IIS. SII· mOno Roberts, Manning"" Noo· jin (which re· cently merged with l.ange, Simp·

5(Kl, Robinson 0;; SomefVillt). He ....u ilIl active mtmbtr at the Shtt i1ld \oc.i.1 bar

ass(ICiltions, and ",~d II lerm U II state bar commiuiontr and is president of tm Hunuvil1~ Sir Association. He dit<l in 1963 aft.. II Ioog life and product;.... 1t",1 arerr.

History, with much justifiation, hu Iookt<l upon tho: Scottsboro castS with /I diupproving eye. ObvioUfly, tht f~cI thit the YlriOlU defendant> ..'Ore denit<l due procus for 10 long certainly is a sad commtntaT)' on 1m system. In addi!i"", the ClIU ,tflect very poorly on the qUlli ly of jus t ice available 10 blac k deftndanli in Alabama during tht peri_ od. More than ont historiilll hu used the term "tragic' to ducrille the prOst· rotions and thoiT afttrmath.

Oul of trlll~diti. ho.... ~~r, emeTge ho:roic figuru; the S.;ottiboru c.-s a", not eJctptloru. Amorlg the individw.ls who look toUragtous sunds lor justice and f.iT play. It Irnt personal risk, wert JudQt Jamu Horton, J r. and CllTtnct Waus. Watts stated it well in his closing ...gument in the Patterson trial. "1\ takes courage 10 do !h( righl thing In Ihe facf of public clamor fo r tht wrong Ihing ...: These two men serve IS shining fumplars for all m~mbers of the bar.

Eich ignortd tht "public clamor'" lind flithfully .. nd cou r.. geously uecuted thti r roped;"" dutiu. Morf<Mr. thty did 10 without lilY uptCtalion 0( beil1.ll rtwIrdtd by history.

It is pftCiseiy for thoJl' rtII>OIIi thol ..... mould rtmtmbtr them.

• The author rolitd upon matorials restarchtd .. nd prtpared by Dr. William P. Walts; II con~rsation with Ed Horton. II I; J(lmfS Cdwin Horlon, Jr., Scoll&boro Judge (.. thesis by Ci lt ian While Coodrich1l974 1); Scol/sooro: A ~01I"'Ameriam Sooth. by Dan T. D.rttr (I.SU Pru5, 19(9); and "A ReQ. SOO/lbk Doubl'by ~n T. D.rt~ r (I968).

FOOlnotu hive been omitted. but quoItS ust<! ITt Illributable to theK

-=.

Tt-t E ALABAMA LAWYER

• M·E·M·O·R·I·A·L·S • he

""1'\~

in 11K Unitw Statu ArIll}'

Signal Corps. btinQ separated as a captain. In 1946. ht ma rri ed June Crowell. In 1949. he obtained his I"",

degree Irom lh. Uni''1!nity of Alab.a· rna School of l.aw lnd commenced hi. car.t. in Ih. llw. ""rving as an

State liar on two occasion •. and he wu ~ member of Ihe boa rd of bar commi$$ioners for IS ,-ears.

UpOn his death. he ...... a partner in Ihe finn of Johnston. Wilkins. Druhan &: Holtz. One of his partn ..... upOn his puling. commentW. "He was one of the molt pOsiti,.. and happy p(ople \""" ...... met. He appr~ciattd ..... ry. bod}' he·s bten around. H. w;u just rellla.lQ,ble in tllat seme. H. n..... r had anything bad to say about any·

Samuel McCoy Johnston. Jr. Now, Ihtrtfore. be it ,uol,'.d that S;lm. as he was aff<ctionalo1~ known. ",M born in .'1 obil e and educaled in Mobile public $Choo!$. from 1942-46.

assistant circuit solicitor. In Jan ..........

1950. he joined his father. Sam John· ston. and hi. brothu. Rill Johnston. in the pri,.. t~ practice o/law. sp«iIIl. izing in corporate law md utility reg· ulation.

H. distinguished hillUl'lf by ~ ....;ng his prof.... ion and his community in m<my admirable ways. Ite was a life· long member 0( Dauphm W~y United Methodist Church. He "<IS one of the founding membeu of the Mobile Chaptn 0( the Uni\,mity 0( Alabama Red Elepiunt Club. H~ was a mtmbe. of the board of dITectoTJ of 5(\"e131 Mobil. CQmpanin, $trYing al!IQ 11.\ 0«. reta ..... and gennal <!<lunsel for Mobile Gas Service Corporation. He se.....ed 11.\ .«<Ond ,';«.pruidtnt of the Alabama

Frankli n James Allen. 11

Luther Lister Hill

John Howard Perdue, Jr.

Bw,

/>IOf!19Q1IU!'"V

Admitted: 1971

Admit/ed: 1961 DWd: Jul~ 15. 1993

\'e:stm·ia Hills Admiller!: 1936 Dier!: March l(). 1993

Charles B. Arendall. Jr.

Samuel McCoy Johnston, Jr.

Edward Harris Reynolds, Jr

Nobile Admilled: 1938

Mobil~

Died: JUM z.\, 1993

Admilled: 1949 DWd: April IS. 1993

Notasulga Admilled: 1943 DWd; loby6. 1993

Gordon Davis

James Mac Jones

Marshall Herbert Sims

Tuscaloosa Mmilled: 1930 Died: Fe!>ruary II. 1993

.\/onlgoml't]!

Rirmirlflham Admitted: 1961 DWd: May 3. 1993

Samuel McCoy Johnston, Jr. l'<'l>trtH. the Mobil. lb. "not;llion nOltl with rtgret Ih. dUlh in Mob,le 00 April 18. 199301 mtmlltr

Died: Jun~

l~.

1993

Lawrence Dumas, Jr. Birmirlg/wm

Admitted: 1932 Dird: Jun<: II. 1993

Admm~J:

1934 DWd: April S. 1993

Olen Hill Pate Go""

Admill;?d: 1936 DWd: r~brullry 20. 1993

~.'

Sam Johnston was a devoted hu.· band ~nd fathe r .... hose loss is felt keenly by all ,,·ho knew him. He II survi,·~d by his sister. Annie Ruth Foshee 0( Ilou5ton. and three JQIlS. )amu C. Johnston. Cart.. U. John· ston and JOleph S. John.ton. of Mobile. Both Jim and Rusl}" ar( pr;\C. ticinllla....)"ers .... ith Johnston. \\C,lkins.

He also left si x grandchildren and othtr relatives.

Thomas f::. BrIP',t. Jr. fusider!/. Nobile BaT As.sodalioo

Christopher Michael West IIwusl"ilie Admilled: 1988 Died: May 30. 1993

George Mortimer Harrison

Douglas Percy Wingo

""'' "'

Birmingham Admilled: 1m Died: June 20. 1993

Mmilloo: 1914 D;''(/: May 23. 1993

SEPTEMBER 1993 / 347

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DO CUMENT EXAMINER : Certlfiad Foran,1e Documanl E.amin .... ChMl docu_ a.."...,.,. Alabama Depart· mInI 01 Foranlle Scienc ..s. rellred .

B.S.. M.S. Graduate. uniYersiry·based fftident IIC!"IClOI in dOCImenI. ... a..w.a· lIOn . Pub!iII\ed Nliiorlaly and interna' lionally . Elghlaan yea,s' tria l . . pllianea. Ilall/ted ... al courts at AlaMml. FOfgery. aherations and doc·

umenI.-...o1icity a~. Criminal Md non-crifninlj ~ Atr... ita, Acadetrry 01 FOtenIic Sciences. Afneri. eln Baird ot Foranlie Document E.............. AInancarI SoQety 01 Ques. tioned Documant EIIminarl. lama' w.... 3325 Lorna Road. 112-316. P.O. Bo . 360999. BI.mlngham. Alabama 35231;·0999. PI!onoI (205)9811-<1 ISS.

• EXPERT WI1lIESS: Professionaf engina .. and anomey with I practica 01 a. part Illtirnony in conatruc1ion. safety, hi\lh .. ay and Slruetural dasign. Thirly yean:' ..peol&oooa lon lig/"rway. railroad. com ....... daI bulldingl and pow9f ptant COtIIIfUdion. CeI Of writa to< fl$uma. , -, ~ T. HawkonI. 601 VIOStaVia Pa1<way, 8inniIogham.

35216. " " - (205) 823·3068. No r~n­ laion q made IIIaI lloa qualify of lhe laQal ,er~it; .. /0 ba perlormed /5 Q,eater 'han fhe quality of l"f1al 59r· O'icef ()IHtormIHJ bf o/1Iar 18wyet:s.

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• VIDEOS: Movit T.~ Artists wants to help your firm III •• limo and money. "'" Alabama ', ~"'t Ind besl legal pr .... duction Iacility. ... prepar. Silltlement video •. depOlitlonl and olher video pr...uolionllllat win ca&es arod keep you. fi,m moy l"" ahead. For mara intonnIItion. writa 10 Movie Television - " -. 3-121 CecIar QesI~. 8i'm-

ingham. A1abama 35216. PIw:Ine (205) 90153&.

• SERVICE OF PROCESS: Locate wit,

nasset.

fftpofIdan1s lor prooess _ .

vice . Nalio" ..;"' , mini"""", identifying "'fo,matlon neea"a,y. Fait ... ult •. ~o .. COlt. confi"ll*'11 ,... Fou. yea •• I"coOIeo",'r" '"petiao"ooa. Ful range ot other lnvelligari .... lIfIrYices available In Alabam l. Mlnlnippi and Flo rida .

Alao..ml Special In_ligalions. a cel N. twor k I Uitlat•. Phone 1·800·562· 1182 and uI< tor Tom TIKTey.

• INVESTIGATIVE SERVICES: Resultsl

Reaultal SIdp lrll:Oflg. faa·finding. if1ury d.ol""

~.

non-<:USlOdial 1<id. ex....... a"l*l&oooa wor!<.

Ing with 'lIo.nay •. t"llal conduct. plH5OM1 int"llrity . SlHvinv Alabama.

Mi..,nW Ind Florida. (CCf Network) CavNat InvUtigation •. P hone Bud Vam at 1..801)-562·1782. ~'.

EXPERT WITNESS : Graduat. , egis' I"ed engln ... a nd I.nd ,u,vflyo r wi lh multl'llata .. gl.trallon. aSCE. MS CE. Conlullant/a .. port witn ....

In high way nle ty construct ion and doIigon. E..

t--'" county engineer.

Ing a .. par lanca. Write or cal l for .. ,uma , I.... Slaph.n G. Hur l.y.

110. 4~A, R,. " Ged$den. Alabama 35i06. PI!onoI (205) "'42·30&35.

BAR DIRECTORIES 1992-93 EDITION Alabama State Bar Members: $25.00 each Non-l\lembers: $40.00 each SftIdchtd .... _

........ to:

Alabama State Bar Directory P.O. Box 4156 r.1ontgomery, Alabama 3610 1 SE I'TEMURR 1993/ 349

REpORTER CD~ROM WITH WEST's EXCLUSIVE KEy NUMBER SYSTEM• Now fi nding the C35(' Law you • Ci te to Southern Report~ 2d need is ase.l5y as typing the dtat lon.

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