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On lhe covtr ~~ AWwN Stalt BoIr 1995·96 Pruidmt John Arthur and his wif•. Dorothy Ttrry Owens. 0( Tuscaloosa. The Owens a~ piclu rtd in front 0( the Pruicitnt". /otansion at the UnMrJity 01 ~ The ~ was built in 1841; 00 April 4. 1865. it was U\'td from the flames 0( Croxtoo's Raiclt rs b\' Prtshltnt Carland', odf•. Union sold iers ~ already s.tt fire in the maruion when she arriYtd. She not only backtd them down, she also MtuimJ them to ht lp pul OIlt the Aama they had starttd. 'This mansion epitomius Tuscaloosa's rich history. culture. chIInn and ·grit.- says (MoeN. - f'hoIo bJI Crw6, Thomle, Phoil.lg>"aph,. Tusalloow

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Ti lE AI.AIIAMA LAWVER

PRESIDENT'S PAGE

A TRIBUTE TO OUR BAR II Ii

impressed by thei r dedicalion and koo",.. ledge of their jobs. Reg. gie told me OnCO that it was his hiring philowphy to .urround himself wilh II"OI'le .marter than he was. 1will not romment on that but what"" .. the philowphy was - it worked. Through this effort we "",de 278 new .ppoin\.".,nu to the commitlee, and task fo,ces and continued 548 individual,' tenure on these committees and wk forces. This means that we have 826 .".,mbe.. of Our ,tate bar work ing on these 39 committees and lask forces. The frustrating part was that 624 memOCr5 submitted prtlerence cards and it was not JIO'Sible to appoint all of these yurs is because Iw o- l883·1884 and to the committees without upanding 1981·19S2--did not complete their terms beyond Ihe si ~e ",. rett workable. We did and a second individual ...ved part 1)1 th"", yea .. ). "()/Ind U\.. ral committee, and task forces _ eSJI'Ci~lIy the Alternative Dispute ResoFrom my (}wn county of Tuscatoosa lution Commit t ee (the most popular Iher. ha\'~ bem eight prior presidenls. J choice) 10 Iry and accommodate more have done some research into the history memOCr5 who \IOlunteered to "",,·e. It i. of each. but space oou not permit m(}", highly gratifying to ..e the extent of the than a recil>tiOIl of their nam ••. Most of interest that so many of OUr law)"tr5 1\a1.'e these family names ",ill be familiar 10 anyin volunteering to work within the bar. one who has practiced law in T=IOOJa Over one·tllird of our "",yers (and lawyers for very long at all: Archibald Bruce nationally) are solo practitionen.. Aocording McEachin, 1891·1892; Andrew Coleman Hargrove. 1892·1893; J. Manly foster, to the American &or Association 48 percent of all lav.yer5 in the United States are in 1918·1919; Bernard Harwoo.J, 1929·1930; ~rms of five or fewor taW)"'r5. Of 1.I'o'Y"rs John D. McQu.. n, Sr., 1932-1933; Devon K. J(mes. 1941-1942; Walter P. Gewin. """r age 39 th~ figure in fi111ll of fi,.. or John A . Owe n. fe,....,r rise.5 to 70 percent of the tOlal. In our 1958·1959; and Hugh W. Roberts. Jr., 0\>11 bar ",'e define a "small firm" as S<'VI'n or 1978· 1979. All are deceased ucept flugh fewer and roughly 70 percent of our memo Roberts. [Iugh enjQys retire"",nt as a gen. tleman farmer in TuscalOOJa County, his mind as keen and his bers are in such firms. Consequently, President Holmes formed a wk forc., on 5010 and small firm practitioner5 under wit as sharp and dr)' as ever. the able leadership of Paul A. aranlle}' of ~1ontgomery, I ha>,. TuscalOOJa has a strong bar and ~pparently ~Iways has. I am continued this task fOTce with Paul as ill chair and appointed thankful for and proud of the support I rtcoiwd from it.> mem· be .. when I decided to ..ek this office, mosl especially lhe supHarold Albritton of Andalusia as its vice·chair. I have charged it with two new r.. pon,ibilities. The first is 10 review the port of Ill}' currenl firm, (),o.oem Ii< CaMr, and my fonmr firm. highly succt,.ful North Caroli na and Georgia management Phelps, Owens, Jenkim, Gibson Ii< POYo'ler. a.ssi,!ance program, galher informlltion on Olher similar proIn May, I had the enj01'able bul 5Ometim•• frustrating experience of making Ihe appoint.".,nt.> to the bar's 39 committees grams and report early in the bar ~ar on whdher such a program is needed and feasible in Alaba"", and, if 50, to work to and lask forces. I worked closely ",;Ih Ed l'alterson . Diane Wel_ implem ent the same. Norlh Carolina and Geo rgia have don, and many other individuals on Ihe ,!.lte bar s!.lff in this effort, I am coru!.lntly allWled at the quality of the staff Reggit Hamner and Keith Norman a.ssembted. I am extremely Conlm~ "" page 266 am Ilor.orro. proud, humbled and soml-"Ila! awffi 101m", aMumed offic~ as the I 19th prtsident of the Alabama Stile Bar. There i. a lis\ of past presidtnts on page 248 of Ihe All1/x1mlJ &lr DirectOYJl 0111>\> Alabama Slate Bar and I commend il to yourpe.UlaI. 11 I bogan lisling any past pr.sidenls Ileca .... of their outstanding accornpl i'hrmnl> [ would err b)I omitting others "ilh equal Or greater a<:OOmpiishments.1l is a tribute to our bar to have been $trwd by these outstanding past presidents ow. our 116-rUT hi,tory (t hat the .. art 118 pr.lid.nll; for the !l6

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264 1 SErrEMB~;R 1995

THE ALABAMA LAWYER

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omllloyf:d individUlll1 who uo k""",·ledg.abl ..... naa.""nt consultants 00 the itat. bar IWl". They om w.aibbio It ruson· obi. costs to 110 into toIo offlct:s .md ' .....1 firms. _ist Ihtm with;all UpKU of ~nI (torfIIIIIkrizotion. ca$t ~. monL timo ketp;ng. scheduling. billing. ;occounting, dodctting, limo ~rntnt, m. ,ystoms. etc .• etc.l. They Ire WeI w.ail· &hI. lor leltpl>on< advic •• JlI'O"ide helpful publk.>tions ~ infor· mation all tltsigned to assist $010 and small finn IIrKlitioners in $tlVing Ihei r clienls more efficiently and more profitably and. al the Jame time. Itssening th. possibility of malpractic. claims and griovaoces. Hal Albritton tw underUktn to $01\"0 loS 1lt.Jod of thi,subdi"';,lon of tilt task fora:. TOWll"d the oamt.nd (helping lawyers better HI\"O their clients .md thtm$tlvos). many stat. ~ kx:;lI bars 11M: /ormed rntnIor· in,g Progrllms with VlryinQ structures. Tht:st flUlClion I"0Il",11' ij~ the idea of a big brother or big si!.ter in ~ios.md 1OfOriI.ios. They ~k to pIKe III older mort ~n«d lawyer " , th ')'(U1lIIawye' lor odW:t, counsdirl8, n.:.. i.e. mmloring. J I\ao.ot gNtn lhe gmt wIc (()rct the job of otudying programs around the country. dtkrmiM if the oamt is n«dtd and fosiblt in oor statt, if so, whic.h form. If the decision is to illl"I0" .."t the sarno, then thty will work t"""<I,d thaI end. A1ltn R. Stont, of Mootgomory Iw. "Olunteem to ~ this aspect of the work of the talk (()ru. I hay. "uttd I new t",k force on ftt dispute rt$Olution. Modney Mu of Birmingham and Woody Sanderson of Uunh"';11. ha1lt &gr.tt1 to co-.:hair this task forc •. Pre$tntly mIIll)' griovarocts art m.d with lhe Alabama Statt Bar which are automaHa-lly .tjecttd bwu••$t they In: not in f;w:t "Srit\>ancos' al all bo.rt a ~ di~te. M.mbtn of the public who Ir. unt.appy with their attomqo """r fees cIon't 1lK000rily rttq/niu the distinc1ion bttwn:n urwthica.l ronduct which givn rise to .. 8ri~c. ~nd a connict """r tM amotlnt of. fR. COnKquenlly, .mny statts h.. ~ estabtishtd SOmt form 0( ITIKhani$m tf> hand'" .uch di5pute:s witltin the bar therefor.

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gtntully helping bolh the lawyer and Ihe unh"ppy client_ Some progums lOR mIIndatory. lOIl'I. aR ooluntary. J ha~ charged th. t.ask f",c~ with tM primary rupon.ibility of studying such IIrograms. milking I recommendation as to whether wch I proj[nm i5 needtd .md fn,ibJ. in AIabarna and if so, which program. and if app~ 10 ilfll!lommt the progum. As 11 secondary. but fljllilly important func1ion. II\ao.ot loSktd thil wk fOJ« to ,tud)' lhe eonw....r Assi.tanu Pr0gram of the Missiuippi B.a •. Thil Protnm (as aR ftt dispule resolution programs) is aimed al u50lving differenc .. betwem clitnlJ and attomeys btfoR they reiCh the stage of I grievanct or a l"""Suit. A staff ptrson anl~n a co ....UITlt. hotline within the Mississippi Bar and attempts to r«oneilt confliclJ bttwttn atlomeys and di.nlJ in a fut, informal and helpful way. Tht Mississippi Bar iI quite plUltd with tlwi, r.. ulls. The ftt dil· pul. 't$Olulion task fore. will slully this Ind other similar prOQr~ms. max. 1I recommendOlllon as 10 whethtr such is nttdtd Ind feasiblt in Alabama, and. if 50. the form. If apprtI"td, they will impltmtnt lhe proe""". 0Iwi0usIy I ~.., a bW tOWlrd these plllllrnns in \h;ol ] think that. most .....,baiIIy.they om atl nttdod.. I hope that theyomall fusible.md if $0 that .....,.:an get IOIl'It or atl of them IWdtd and up and ronning during thtc coming )'Ur. By Iocw.ing 00 these . - prOgran"d I do not """,t 10 igrom tho important ongoing...:ork ai the II\&IlY oIhe, oommitteos.md task forcf:5, ond] plan to U$t futUR I nicln to $f>o\.light theso efforIJ. Broo. Holmes """nded a I.am of unily 10 Runile the bar and to try and minimize the fractiorulization ~'~ experitnced. I will continue to work hard al thi. effort. ] look for.....-d to my year of HMCt 10 )'OIIr bar ... its p"",idenL I am already gr.alifitd by the tnoou"'llement and support \h;ol I ha1It rtctMd from the membtn of the baird ofbar commis&iontn. chain .md to-dWn of the committees and task Iorees. the bar staff• .md 1I\&IlY. many othtr ~ and judges throughout the statt_ I am happy to rfI)OI1lh:iot not ont 1I\o.)'er or ;...dge Iw. failed to m.um my all madt .. prosident...,ltct of tho Alabama S\lto B.ar.md ] ;un conrodtnl th:iollhis will <XInIin ... to k the CI$t as president. •

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PROFILE

Warren Bricken Lightfoot p,.,..,Uf/nt to 1M Ald.__ Stille &r', ",In go«rning Iht ff«lio .. 01 prt,ltknl -f'ied. 1M fol!fJu';ng 1ti00""pitiNi , lmcit I, prooldH 01 WIJm!n Bricn" Lightfoot. Lightfoot """ th~ , 00t qual/fying Nlndlda/' for the poJilion of p"" ;.Io,,,/-rl«l lite

AI"iHlmlJ Stllir &rr lOr /hr 1995·96lernr. and Ii«fInH prfti· Ihnt·rl«t on Ju/J/22 , 1995.

I 11

on August 21, 1938. Wmrn l.illtMoo! IIlfW up in Luwmr, Alabama. who,., ht gndUlltfll from I.uYnne Ilith School in 1956. Hr thnnIt .. atttnd. td The Citacltl in ctw\eston. South CaroIi~ from

1956·1958. I'Ktiwd hil undergraduate dtgrtt from the Uni>'tnity of AWluni in 1960, ~ 1I~~ltd from the Uniwrsity of

Al~bamJ

Sthool of Law in 1964. A

"",mho. of Phi IIdI Kappl and Jasons. he also served as president of Omicron ~Ita KapPlO and Phi Dell~ Phi legal fraternity and U ltading J rt id . . . dilo r of The Alabama Law Review . •' rom 196010 1962. Ughtfoot w.u on ;w:tive duty in the Unitt\! Statu Army. An infJnlry offlctT and P/ll'lIirooptr, 1M U a company ~rfrom

~'oundlltion,

II, '" a Fellow 01 the ~rk:atl ColI,ge oITrial La~rs ¥>d

and on ho ...11 of "ariou> bar grotJp;$, Ind in recOi"ition for those efforts rcceivN the Alabama. Bar Institute', 1988 Walter 1'. Cewin A...ard for Outst.lnding Service to &l1(h and Bar in Continuing ~gal EduColtion.ln 1994. he btalmethe first pres· ident of the Birmingham Bar Founlbtion . and currentl~ is • momhor of the Board of Trustftl of the Ablwna Law School

101'' ' ' '

11161.1962.

FoIlowine graduation from IN school in 1964. lighlfoot pncticed I.. ", with 8rad~. At'lIlt. ROK White lor 25 )'Or&. until Jin ......, 15.1990. when tw iod sevm other partncn formrd Lillhtfoot. Frmldin ",nito. naw l 28·1~r litigation firm in RirminQhim. Lightfoot '''is olecled president of the Voungl..a.",~e rs· S.ction of tho 8i rmingh.m 8 .. in 1969. ",N.d on lhe city bar', Executive Committ e. from 1970 to 1912. and was elected president of the Birmingham Ilar Associ· alion in 1991. He '''is JdftllQll County'$lOIe bar commiuion· er fr()m ]979 to ]985. was a founding mtmbrr of the MCLE Commiuion in 1982 lnd "'Ned on the Alabam;, Stat. Bar Executive Committ •• in 1979. During the first Sil )urs of MClL. fr()m 1982 to 1988. he pn owr.t5 presentotions to

.....

tw bftn .. membor of its sate <;Ommilt« since 1992. lie abo is 0IfI Ad...ocate of the ~rian Board of Trial AdYoaotts. is .. membor of thot Inttmlltioml AYociation of OritnSt CounKI. iod tw bun l"'ltd in Btil ~ /" Amtrica .inc. 1983. Lightfoot chiired lhe AdvUo.., Commit· t"" 10 the Unittd St.tts [fulrict Coort for the Northtrn District of Allb.ma. from 1988-1990 lnd pruenlly is .. member of the 11th Circuit'. I~~rs Ad\.'isooy Com· mitt ••. II. served IS co·chai r of tho prog .. m committee for the 11th Circuit Judicial Conferences of 1994· 1995. tight/oot "'IS l c harter member of Ladership Birminglwn (1983·1984) and se.-lon its f~lty in 1986. A past pNSi<lml of the Birmingham Kiwanis Club. hot .. bo ",fWd in 1991 iU president of Ihe Ci.,jc Club Founlblion, ",hich owns the tilrbert Centff in downtown Birming. ham. Lightfoot was 0IfI tldtr at Indopen. donI Prabytemn Church from 19n·74 lnd 1978·7'9. and his frequently bem an ~utt Sundly School I• ...:her thert during tho lISt 2(1 ~~I'$. tie i. currenlly .. Mng .. chairman of Independent" Boa rd of Trust""'. and he was a trust"" of the Presbyterian Home for Children in T3ttadega from 19S7 10 199.~. l.ij/hlfoot ha$ btln ma.rritd tinct 1963 10 the former Robbie COlI of Birmingham. ¥>d thty hi,,*, two children : a Ibughter. Ashley ....ho is a branch mar\aller for AmSouth Bank in Birm· inaham, ¥>d a $01\, Wlm'n, Jr., who pndica with Maynard, Cooper I< Cal. in Binninaham and whos.t wife. Valent. i.:atI Imtilmenl consultant with Hillhland Associates. •

_Ru"'01"~ The _ Coull on~ 19. 1995. ......., .. _ ~OCI- FhMsrJ E......,.. ....,. 1. lii'9& They . . 10 1)11 ~ ina So. 2(1 ~ on 01 abou1 ~ 10. 11195. They'" ........ 1 ) 1 1 _ onlhoo t..EJ(!S..", WMdaw MMcM; ..", on Ihoo S1a1. Low lI)fary'. MALINI< ~ 1IOoIrd _ .

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THE AI.AWIA I.AWVER

SEl'TEMBER 1995 1 267

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S REPORT THE SIX MILLION DOLLAR GIFT

Ii \" i

ith the new bar year under\·;a~. I decidM In determi"" the value of time contributed by bar members participating in VoIrioll' .tate bar activities.

In addition to board 1lW('tings. many commi"ioners .. rve on disciplinary panel. lhat hear charg .. which are pending against attomeys. These p.mets decide what. if any. violation Iw occurred Not only do the regulator)' aM licensing functions iIS well iIS the appropriate punishment for a violation of the rul .. of the bar require strong volunt«, support, but SO do the bar's of professional conduct. "Thtre are a total of fi .... di5<iplinary pan. other programs thai benefit the prol....ion and the public. el, which consist of four commission members and one For the 1995·96 bar ~ar. some 900 lawytn will be ..!Ving layperson. On an a-.erage. eIIch panel Iw len hearings during on the bar', 39 commiUe.s and task force •. I .stimate that the \,<,ar. Including travel time and hearing time. I eslimate thr<><Jgh committee and wI< force work.lawytrs will contribute that each hearing .ccounl$ for "Wroxirnately seven hours of a approximately 18.000 hours by attending m«tings. tra,-eling panel mtmbtr·s time. or a total of 1.400 hours for lhe 20 bar to m«tings. and carrying out committ.. commissioners who serve on the discipli· or wk Ion:. I>CI;"ities. Interestingl)', thi. ""TY panel •. total rrnC(u only an average contribution The other area that requires an additional of two hnu .. per month for ten months commitment of time by commi"ion mem· (September through June). or 20 hours bers is the Discipli",,1)' Commission. The p'" ""Iunt .... I believe that this average Disdpli",,1)' Commission is CompOsN of cnnt ribution figure takes into account five commission membeu who review that all commin.e, and task forces will approximalely 700 Qrievancu a year to no! meet the same number of time, as detennine if there are .ufficient grounds well as the fact that not all commiUu Or to pref<!l" charges against the named attorney. task force memhers are always abt. to [)uring Ih~ course of a \,<,ar. a commission attend meetings or work on a particutar membtr will generally illil'rag. ~nding 14 project. What is especially g ratifying hours. month or 140 hours a year, de\IOkd about committee and Usk force service is solely to Disciplinal)' Commission malters. the fact that more than 700 bar members for the tntire Discipli",,1)' Commi"lon, \/Otunteered this ~r arnlthere .... r. onty this represmts 840 hours of ..,..;"". 200 ""cant positions. The fi",,1 area is the hours contributed The t.6OO lawy<r. participating in the by \hosI! lawy'l'rs who .. rve as members of K eith B. Ma .....n Volunteer lawyer> Program (VLP) who Ihe board of bar uarniners. There are 12 have \/Otunteered to pr<Nide 20 hours of eu.mining mtmbers and one non-txaminpro /Jono legal work will account for approximately 32.000 .. r· ing chairperson who conducl$lho affairs of the bar uarniners. ~ic. hours statewide. Although I aMumed that all 1.600 would The bar eu.mine .. not only grade the written enminalions contribute 20 hours, not all will receive a Mmal and some ,,;11 lhat are given in Febrwl)' and July of each year. they also h.we contribute more than the 20·hour minimum handling their to P......... th<: questions and model answers. Bar examiners serve assignedprO /Jono CiI>e$. t "'" ,ure. t~ VIJ' "ill cootinue to grow Iour.year tem1$. With almosl850 people silting fo r the Febrwl)' with ",en mOre lawyers joining the ranks of other VLI' and July =m;natioru each ymr, and an ...... rage of 15 minutes tawy<rs. ~nt by an e=niner grading each exanl (this includes lime that Thtc lawyers who have been . Iected as office" of the stale bar was ~nl in the inil;al preparation of drawing th. question and and II>ose etected from lhe slale's 40 judicial cirruits to .. rve on model an,wer). each examiner contributes 207 hour. per }..ar tht board of rommiS$io~rs will be contributing their time in for total of 2.697 hours for the entire board. several capacities. For elt/Imple. iIS a member of tht commiMion. (Sft' chori on nul page) each of the 60 members and officers will attend at least eight board meetings during the ymr. Counting travel time. atten· Assuming that the .,.. rage hourly rale in Alabama. is $1 00. dance time and preparation time for handling mailers at each the.. service hours represent a contribution by lawy... in this m.eting.. each commi"ion member will average approximately state of $5,973.700! \Vhil. I realite the service hour totals are a ten hours per meeting and dNote a total of 80 MUrs per year '"best. gut..", it is probably a figure thai is \00 low rather than too to commi"ion business for a tGi.al of 4.800 hours of .."';ce. high bec.aU>e I took 5teps to he vel)' conSONa!ive in my "guesThis does not indude the additio",,1 time required of the state timating" the time which lawy<rs actually ~nd in performing bar president in c.arl)'ing out the ruponsibilities of that offic •. the iKti.itfes in the six named areas of SO"';e< . Indeed, a host

268 1 SEPTEMBER 1995

THE: ALABAMA LAWYER

of other state bar related groups did not figure in the calcula-

To recap: L CommiU... and Task Foret. 18.000 hours of ~rvice 2. Voluntrtr l.a"~rs Program

32,000 hours of ~rviet

3. Board of Bar Commissioners

4.800 hours of ~rvic~

4. Disciplinary Panels

1.400 houJ'$ of ~rvice

5. Disciplinary Commission

6. Board of Bar Examiners total ~",.;c" hQuJ'$

840 ho,mof ~rvice

2.697 00uJ'$ of ~rvice 59,737

tion, including ~rvice through the bar's ]9 ~ttions and the Alabama Law Foundation. While some people may take issue with my figures, one thing is for certain: the figure of $6.000,000 repruents only a portion of the altruistic ~rvice which laW}"'J'$ in Alabama perform. Examine the ro.ters of e\'O!ry charitable organi .... tion Or worthwhile cause in this .tate and I belie\'O! that you will find more members of the legal profeSl'ion offering their time and talent than .ny other profes.ion. I do not think this", an accident. 1 belie\'O! it repre",n!> a commitment to service and professionalism II)' lawyers. If, as Abraham l.incoln observed many years ago. a la~r's time is his stock om! trade. 1 would ,ugg~t that. I.wyer', service is. gift of time that comes from a limited in""ntory. •

A FOND FAREWELL ith no small WI$(! of sadness, we "'l' fam..,.,11 to our colleagues Bob Norris and Melinda Waters. Since 1988, Bob ~rved as gentfill counsel. while Melinda dirtded Ih< VoIunt""r Lno.yers Program since its inception in 1991. Both ha,,., ",,,.. d the bar admirably. lea\ing behind an indelible impression and shoes that will be difficult to fill. Bob has returned to hi' homctO'".'n of Bimlingham to enter pri~ate practice. ~lelinda is the new "xecutiw dir~tor of Legal So,,;,es Corporation of Alabama. Bob joined the bar staff following his retirement from Ih< United States Air Force where he had achitvtd the rank of major general and ~rwd as judge advocate g.neral. Upon assuming the general cou!lSeI', position. Bob faced a backlog of grievances pending befo,e the local gri""""e committU$ Mdinda aM Michael Wm= and at the Cente r for PrOfessional Responsibility. To address this problem he implementt<l a number of admini.lrat"" measure. and .taff assignment changes to make the disciplinary process mo...treamlined and efficient. MoreoYer. under his gui<lano.:l' signiflClllt strides were made in the areas of professional responsibility and discipline by virtue of the adoption of the new Rules of Professional CO<!duct, Alabama Standards for Imposing 1_)'Or Discipline and the Rul .. of Disciplinary Procedure which also induded provisions for lay membeJ'$ to se".. on disciplinary panels. • Melinda became dir~tor of the VLP at a time when a statewide pro bono network was but a vi.ion. She took what was basically an idea and translormt<l it into a ,iable and lunctioning network of attorneys that n(l'ol.' numbe .. 1.600 and is gr(l'ol.;ng. Melinda accomplished this remark_ able feat in a relatiwly short period of time and has crealed Martha and Bob Norris a program that uses the talent. of private laW}US to ~t the ( j,;llegal needs of many of Alabama's poor citizens. I personally thank Bob and Melinda for their dedication to the ALlhama State Bar. The stafr. rommissioners and offi~rs of the bar will miss them and we "i,h them well in their new eodea'-'Ors. •

::=::::::..::::::::::::::::'-------------

THE ALABA.'lA LAWYER

s~mMBER

1995 / 269

ABOUT MEMBERS, AMONG FIRMS ABOUT MEMBERS Twall e n.nl ~'llIlc e ~nnounces the relocation of her office to 2000 First Awnue. North. Suite 215. Brown M.", Town. BirminSham. Alabama 35203. Phone (205) 322·S(}n. \\illilm Eric Collry, formerly 01 CIJam. A. MeG« " Associatn. announces Ihe

opI'ning of hi! office at 202 41h SIred. 51'.'. Fort Payne. Alablma 35967. Tht mailing ~TUS •• P.O. Box 1045. FQrt I'iynt JS967.1"hont (205) SlS-8101. OttAM It T_kM lias bHn ap.,oint. f<I diMrict judge of Sumter Coonty. ThI: maili"ll acldl'Ull is P.O. 11m: 9, Livingston. AIWrn.!. 35470. PIlone: (205) 652-7364. RlWdI T. Ouruki IIrVIOtIna:O Iht opm_ '''II of IIi. offICe at 1038 Woodley Rood. Montgomtry. Alabaml. The mailing address i. 377 Avon Road. Montgomery 36109.I'OOnt (3:14) 244·2058. NUI " II C. IIl lcl\ anrlOUOCU In. Optning of hi. office it 2101 E~ecutiyt Park Uri .... Opelik.o, Allb,ama 36801. Phone (134) 7U..3933. An .... Lu ClaW... iII\l\OIJn«S the for·

_tion of Mecliatlon Solutio.... Ill(.. Her 1M pQctlot will conti ...... undo, tht f\aJ1'le of Mna "" Clatlinl. The .miline lddr= il P.O. 80. 5!M86, 8,rmingtwn. A1W. "'" 35259.1"hont (2051326-9111.

C. Brandon Stl...... III ~ the rtloalion 01 his o/IitIt In 4 15 E. Cornrr.., ... Street. GrHlll'illt. AbblirN 36037. n.. "",ling rddms is P.O. So. 432. Green>itk 36037. Phone (3J.t) 382·6907.

Ci:o.gl E. Jont l . III . form .. d.puly gtne ral 01 Alabama 0993·94) ;mel assistant allomty g........1of Alabama (I!I88· t993). announces lh. O\>tning 0/ his offt« ~t tilt Btll Building, 207 Mont· I/Omfry Str«I. Suilt Mon\gQrntry. ~ttorn.y

AlWna. ~ rNlling address is P.O. BOll 1I95. AnniJlon 3620'2. Phont (2051 Z35.

3903. Vic kI A. 0. 11, fo r merly of Sltplltns. Millirons. llarriton & \I,'illiams. announces lilt Opening ofhe. office al 200 W. Court Squart. Suite 752, Il untwillt. Alabama 3580 l. Phone (2051533-449]. BOilY E. Derman .nnounc. , the .. lo-

cation of Iotr olflCt 10 699 Gallatin Strttt.

A1WrN 36t04. Phonr (334) 2tp..3822.

Suitt C·l. H..mISvlllt. All,lIama 35801. Phont (205) 539-0201.

Mlrk A. S andlTiO n annOunc .. Ih. O!)ming 01 his o/IitIt at 402 S. Cedar Stmet. flortnct. ~ rNiling addTa$ is P.O. BOlI311. nOm>Ct 356J0. Phont

J oha C. Schu l, IV annol.lncu tht optninQ of Ili. offict It 2122 First A~nut. Nortll. Birmingham. AlabarN

n..

(205) 7600$759. Tunothy It Cority announw the optn. lng 01 hi, offict al 600 SuntrusVFlrsl National Building. 20 t S. Court SI.ut. Flortnct. Alallama 35630. Phon. (205)

,......

Romaine S. Scan. III announces 1M O\>tning of hi' offict at SOO Pa. k Plac. Towt •• 2001 Park Pbu. North. Binning· twn.~ 35203. Tht mailing address is P.O. So>: 370166. Binningiwn 35237. 0166. Phonr (205) 322·2500. Paulo I. CoIIIo. b,,,...1)' with Bolt. born. Jackson 011 Bailty. an.........cos the O\>tn· ing of IItr offiu at Security Bank Building, lOW. 11th SImi. Suitt 2D.Anniston.

3520J. Phone (2051324·9991John En.: Burnum, fonnnlyofRogon & Atnandtr, annotlntel tilt O\>tIliilJl of hi, oIfic. al lUI 4 Court St'""'\. Moul. ton. AI.llama 35650. I'ho.,. (205) 9747067.

AMONG FIRMS Katlwrint McKtmle Thomson has been promoted to rou_la! AmniQd CtJ!tr.. aI Lift anc! Accidtnl IIlIUrlftOt Compal1)'. Offictllrt loclttd in Nashvill •• Ton· ilUSft. Thomson is a 1991 ~rnittH 10 tho A.1abanli SIlIt. Bar.

ThomM L Rad announotShiJlJ!pOint· mmt to :aMiJtant go ....... counsel for tilt

McLAIN APPOINTED TO THE POSITION OF GENERAL COUNSEL J. Aothony Mclain I101IS been appoint·

til to lilt l'O'ilion of gonu,,1 counsel 10' Iht Alabama Slat. Ra •. Tony , tplacts Gtntnol Robert W. Norris. who strvtd I I gtnt'll coun," fo' }Grund rtlirtd~ I. 1995. Tony his strvtd as uslsuont ge ... nol counstl linct OClobtr 1988. Ht rectived his und ..graduat. degrto from Auburn Uni~,sity in 1974 ;mel his law d.grtt (rom Cumberland

Soe>'m

270 I S£I'T£M B~R ]995

School oIl.aw in ]977. Upon gradua. lion from law school. lit wt:nllo work W1lh tilt AbblirN Atlomey Ci: ........, Offict as an usislanl attorney ge .... al. Mit. two yurs .... itll th. AC's oI'flCt. lit ItIt In .nttr privatt pr1oCl.ice in Montl/Omtry as a poort ... , in a two· man finn. Aft" ninc ~a .. in pri.....I . practict. Tony Mgan his work wilh lilt ltatt liar. Tony is married and tw I""J childrtn. •

Ton, McLain

TH£ ALARA."\A lAWYER

.',dua l Bu~au of Prisons. The mailing adclre5l; is Office of General Cououel. 320 Pirst SIl'fft. NW. Washington. OC 2il534. Phone (202) 307·3872. Read is a 1988 ad· mitt"" of Ih~ Alabama Slate Bar, Thorn ... D. Sam ford. lit . Auburn Uni'...... ity·. general (ououel and primary legal advi50r since 1961. ~Ii~d June 30. 1995. Samford is a 1961 admilt~ to the Alabama Stale Bar.

"i.

lIarold F. Honing. Richard E. Dick, MichH I K. nor and It Carey W.lker. III announce tM fonnation of lIerring, Dick. Wi'ner & W.lkn. Charl u P. Helm " Jr. has become an associate. Offices art located at 100 Washington Str~et, Suite 200. Hunt,ville, Alabama 35801. Phone (205) 533·1445 and (205) 534-4343.

ate, Omces are located at J07 Second A",nue. NE. Gordo, Alabama 35466. The mailing addre5l; ;s 1'.0. Box 223. Gordo 35466. rhone [W5) 364·7183. McRighl, JI.k, on, Dornun, Myrick &. Moon announce. that Bradley R. Byrno ha. become a partner and William T. .l-IoGO,,·ill, IV and Rondoll s.:ot! Hetriclc hav~ become associa tes . Office. are located at the Fir>t Alabama Bank Build· ing. 11th Floor. 106 51. Franci. St reel, Mobil., Alabama. The mailing address is P.O. Box 284 6, Mob ile 36652. Phone (334) 432-3444. Gonce. Young &: \\' utbrook an· nounce. a name change to Gonce, Young &: Sibley, ~"!li .... A• •'1o~au and I)a~id A. Tomli",on ha,oe b«ome associatu. Offices are located .t 109 N.

Court Street. Florence. Alabama 35630. Phone (205) 767· 7411. R. Mich •• 1 Raiford annou nces that Ri.hard L. Ch.ncey hal; joi ned the finn as an associate. Offices are located at 502 14 t h Str.et. Ph en ix City, Alabama 36867. Phone (334) 297·6418, .'1. Dougl•• Ghu announces the dis, solution of Chu &: Ciddens and that G. Rod Gi dd ens' new mailing addre.. is 1' ,0 . Box 1066. Talladega , Alabama 35 160. lIogan. Smith & AI.p.augh announc .. that Oa"id R. Donald. on and Da~id J. Guin, bot h formerly with Ritc hi e & Redi ker, ru,V<l joined the firm as memo be ... Office. are located at 2323 2nd Ave nue. No rt h, Bi rmi ngha m. Alaballlil 35203. Phon. (WS) 324·5635.

•'1cC o ..... n &: McCowen announces that Aubrey J. 1I01l0".. y. Jr. h.u b«ome a member. Offices are located at Cobb Build ing. 924 Montclair Road. Su ite 116. Birmingham. Alabama 35213. Phone (205) S9S·82()9. Tingl., W.t,on &: Ihtu announCeS that Edwin 0, lIog.rs and .'1.r!< T. W.g. goner ha"" become a$I;OCiated .... ith the firm. Offices are located at 900 Pa rk Place TO'oI'ef. 2001 Par k Place. North. Birmingham. Alabama 35203· 2759 . Phone (205) 32ot-4400. B•• , ley, WiI $On. AII. n. Main &: Crow announces that p, Leigh O'De li and J o.. ph G. Stewart , Jr, have become associates. Officn afe locat.d at 218 Commerce Street, Montgomery, Alaba· mao Th e ma iling addre" i. P.O . Box 4160. Montgom.ry 361034160, Phone 1334) 269·2343. Jamu C. King and G~.,," J ~ey. Jr" formerly of Wilson &: Ki ng. announce tiw: formation of the King &. " "'Y, Bury A. lI~g.dalo has join~d the firm .. an a$I;OCiate in th~ Binningham office, and Clatu. J unkin, former circuit judge for I'ayetlt. Lamar and Pickens counties, and Ch.rle. E, lIorri $On have joined tM Fa}'ett. olftce. Associate, in the J.. per office are John E. 1I'...... n, III, Solom N. Rosha, Jr" Gina L. Thomas, D.vid M. lI .ni, oD. and Eli ... btlh Kelley. Offict$ are located in Birmingham. Fa)'t'tte and Jasper, Alabama. C.O. Bur!<halter announc .. that Alii· fon S, Anderson h.u btcome an a$I;OCi ·

"~,*" ......'.. ~ poocI ri",, ""ri ~ On_IoMd. .,.. _ ' _ ~ ri.....,....t_JW'" drpoo>dtd 011 b """ T'oe!t ...... ..... d<Wod ... . . _ _ buIiRoo1lD1 ...... _ donl ri ......... "'" ...... IoIow. On ... .....,. bd, .,.. _ .... II>d . ....... ri

qIo, _~ no'-""",""'" _IDI ..... ""' .... _ .... ri_ l D I _

-'oo.,.._ _ "' ...... OII ,... .... '*~_ .... ~ ..)jooI .

" ~'*1T

- . •., .. "1f ... ... _

.. • MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TITLE

• •• • INSURANCE COMPANY The_ FlaibiUty YOu NmI. TIll>I. "1 _ ._ _The _ Stability · 1Ot-"You · .... ·J".

SEPTEMBER 1995 / 271

McDo nnell Dyu annOunce. that C(" .... ha5 become ~n i1Ssoci· ate . Ome .. are located in Memphi •. Nuhville and Kn oxville. Tennessee. Clark i. a 1990 admittee to the Alabama State Bar. Rw~mlry

Cillio~. Brook, & lIamby announce. the relOCi'ltion of its offie.. to 618 Azalea Road, Mobile, Alabama 36609. The mail· ing addre>$ i. P,O. BoA 161629. ~lobile 366]6. Phone (334) 661-4118.

Foley & Mahmood announces a ""me change to .·o ley. S mith & Mahmood and t hai Robert Se ll ... S milh has bffome a member. Offices ar. 100000ted at ](II Norlh'ide Square. Huntsville. Alaba· ma 3580 l. Phone (205) 536·S877. Smithmn;on & Smithenn>n announct> the relocation of their office, to 2029 2nd Avenue. North, Birmingham. Alaba· ma 35203. Phone (205) 322·0012. Berlrowitz. Le1"ko"it,. I,om & lIu.hn. e' announce> that A. LH Martin. J r. has become a member and that Judy P. lI.mer has become an associat • . OfficI'S

are located al 1600 SoulhTrust TO'o'o· ... Birmingham. Alabama 35203·3204. Phone (205) 328-0480. Wain •. lIi11. Adam •• Umbach. ,llud· OWl & Wallon announce. that Robbie Aluander lIydo. formerl~ of Dominick. Fletcher. Yielding, Wood & Lloyd. has become an as.sociate. Offi"", are 100000ted al 205 S. 9th Street. Opelika. Alabama. The mailing address i. P.O. Ihawer 2069. Opelika 3680J·2069. Phone (334) 745·6466. Lang.ton . Fraze r. Swu l & Freen anMunc •• that Richnd A. Frene h ... joined as a pri nci",,1 in the Birmingham office. Omce. are located in Jackron. MississiWi and Birmingham. Alabama. light fool. F"'nklin. Whit. & Lu cn announces thai William R. Lucas . J •. has .. sign~d from the firm to ~co",. uecutiv~ vic~.pre$ident and general counsel of Birmingham Sleel Corpora· lion. The finn', new na",. will ~ Lighl. foot. Franklin & White. Vul & Auociates announces that S.nd r. Cooding Morsh h ... Mco"'e a partn .. and the firm', nam~ has changed 10 Veal & Mars h . Offices are 100000tfd at 2001 Park Plac. Tower. Suite 525. Birming!\am. Alabama. Charl u Mcllinney & Auoc ialu announces t!\at Mar,"" Ow.n • .Jame. has become an associate. Office$ ar~ 100000ted in Dayton and Middletown. Ohio. Owens·Jame, i. a 1992 admittee 10) Ihe Alabama State Bar.

Cwrge II. " '.nfield. Jr. md Fn:d.r· ick T. En. len announce the rtlOCi'llion of Iheir omces to 6825 Halcyon Park Drive. Montgomery. Alabama 36117. Phone (334) 244·7333. Bo rden Marlin Ra ~. Ray",ond £. Wa..t. Tho",a. W. Powe . Jr .. Bordon Martin Ra)·. Jr.• and Richaod R. Newlon announce the formation of Ray. Oli'''r & Waod. Laura K. Cregory has joined as ~ member. Offices are located al 2020 University Boulevard. TU5Cal<><»a. Alaba· ma 35401. Phone (205) 345·5564. Bu s chman, Ahern & Pe rlons annour.ce5 that Jeff"')' R. Baoblon has Neome a ""rtner. The firm', new name is Buschm.n. Ahnn. POTI on . & Bankston. OfficeJI are locotw at 22 15 S.

272 1 St:P1"t:MBER 1995

Third Street. Jacksonville Ikach, ~'Iorida 32250. Phone (904) 246·9994. Bankston is 3 19S8 admitt •• to the Alabama Sl3te ,",.

Chart.. M. Thompso n and A. J amu CaTIon announce the formation of Thompson & Ca.. on. QfficeJI are 100000tfd at 2838 Culver Road. Mountain Brook Village. Birmingham. Alabama 35223. Phone (205) 870·0570, Johnoton. Barton. I'nxlor. SWflII.w & Narf announus that B",dley C. Mayh ew and 11'. J o nUhan Oani.1 have become associate •. Offices are 100000ted at 2900 AmSouthlilarbert PI=. Birming· ham, Alabama 35203·2618. Phone (205) 458·9400. Chri. S . Chrill announce, that Marona Posey has joinfd the finn as an associate. Offic.s are 100000ted at 205 20th Street. Norlh. Suite 710. Bir",ingham. Alabama. Phone (205) 251·2700. Ro~rt W. lien, It)". J r. and A. Patrick Ray. III announce the formation of li en. ley & Ray. Offices are located in c.:.lumbiana and Binningham. Alabama.

Dan iel R. KIll ing and Edward B. St ron g. fo rm erly of 13necky. Newell. Potts. Hare & lI'ell •. anMunce the for. matiQll of Strong & Klu ing. Office. are located at 1314 Alford A,·enue. Suite 101. Birmingham. Alabama 35226. Phone (205) 823·9393. Killi on & Vollmer announCH that Tracy S. Cuke has become an associate_ Offk~~ ar. located at 2513 Oauphin Street. Mobile, Alabama 36606. Th. mailing add .... i~ P.O. Box 8527. ~'obil e 36608. Phone (334) 476·5900. rere .. N. Ryder. formerly of Dick & Wisner. has jOined the fi . ", of llradley P. Ryder as 01 counsel. OffiCe> are 100000t· .d al 100 Jefferson Street. Su ite 300, Huntsville. Alabama 35801. The mailing addrus i. P.O. 80. 18095. Hunlsville 358(1.1. Phone (205~ 534·32S8. J dfrey A. Cram .. announCt$ that Michael J. Schofield and John A. Un~. icker have become partn . ... ~nd the firm will practice under the name of C",mer. Schofield. Uuicker & Wad•. Office. are located in Pensacola and Jacltso",·ille. Florida. 80th Schofield and Un~icktr are 1993 admitt •• ! to the Alabama. State Bar. • THE ALABAMA LAWYER

BUILDING ALABAMA'S COURTHOUSES lJg SAMUEL A RUMORE, JR.

Alawma lAwyer issue 1993 contained a

on January 27 and January 28. 1995. It repOrted tn.t this facility is the only one

th~ ~'obile

of il$ kind in the United States becau.e a

Courthouse. At that • •Iide wa.

county I/OYI'mmenl. a city government.

and a court ';'$tem are alllQC/Itw under

00. roof. The Plaza <!IlI'l>OO of. n;",,-story Court. Building, and a ten-story Administration edition

MPbile Press Register contained a .pee;.' insert celebrating the grand Openil\ll mille Mobil. Government Plaza

274 1 SEPTEMBER 1995

Building connected by a SO,OOO·square· foot public atrium. Construction cost, had been estimated at $58 million. but

the final coo ",as approximately $500,000

under bud~t. The ~ntir. facility conlains 58I,OOO-squar._f•• t . Desig""", for the projtd we,.., Houston architecto; Harry Colemon. who gr ..... up in Mobile. and Mario 6olullo in association wilh Mobil. archited Frederick C. Wood.<. Instead of one general contrac· tor. the project had a corutruclion man· agement team consisting of a jOint venlure between the Ihrdin Conslruc· lion Group. Inc. of Atlanta and the HM· Ion Con,lruction Company of Mobile.

TI!f:At.ABAMA LAWVER

•

The

~I rium

Si'l'WS i1S

betwun tho two buildingl

the rtpla«mtnl kif a Ir.sdilional

town "lUll". lL twn conlains a Sf\ of

ceremonial gr.mite ccurthoust steps thai ire used for JjltKhH, concerts, or sim. ply u a place lor lunch. The building mal.ria41or lhr I'Lwo aft b;Wal1y gWs. .tHI ~ granite. TIlt opmillfl nremonits look piau in ttlrtt pNsa on Pridq. Jan ....., 27,1995. At 9 a.m. a cererTl<)nial ribbon-cutting

opening th. fKiHI}, took ~llIc, al th. Conception Sl lut mt ranu. At 10 il-m. a judicil.l ceremony W<lS held in the c.,..,· monial courtroom. And a\ II a.m. the counly and city s~rnments officially Opened the Administmion Building. TIlt ok! Mobile County Cwrlhouse will oontinl.lt \0 hooK v.Iriouf w.mI)' offica ItS

THE ALAI:W-\A LAWn:R

well u Ih. prohate cou rt. The C(lurls Building has courtrooms on l£\Itb two, lour . • ix and 'iQht. SuppOrt offien are Iocaln! on !Mis three, five, ~ and nint.

A ceremonial courtroom is 10cated on the muuniM In'tl. In the administration building. U~ oounty Iw offIces on IINtIs sm. . ight. and 1m. The city offica M'I: Iocattd 00 IMII rwo. Ihrft. lou., 1M,

--..-,_"'. ... .-.. ... _ ....... -'---, ..... .

nine, ~lm,

~.. _ . . -.a

A highlighl 01 the opI'ni"i urtmonios QCcllrnd on Saturday, January 28. A sympOSium look Illace in Ihe ground Roor audilorium on the building', mer· its III an uaml'te 01 mod .. n a"hiltc· tun, and III a ntw concept in govtrn· mrnt building design. The public tamt 10 take part and uk questions of the !lanelists, The archit«.tl wert not surprised that their design has ,enerated a variety of

__ N

~"'

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Ilids ~re broken Ilown Into 31 separate bid caleQorin.

comrnmb, This buildin,Q is quite diff.r· enl from trad itional buildings and in";tu inlerllrttation, They hope that their state-ol·the·art Itruelurt will ~ romi<ltrtd " ITI(lIkm" Wl'1I intot"" ""xl crnt",)" The author acknowledgu the a .. i.tance of Ba rb ara Rhodu, uecutive dirtttor of the Mobile Bar Association, for matuial uud in this updat., and Birmingham attorney t-!lorry "'-'man for the lIhotog~ 01 the new building, •

"",.1._ ._ ....

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Sf;pn;~IBER

1995 / 215

•

BAR BRIEFS • BO)Id f. C=pbeU oIth< ~'ontgoowry fi r m of Campbe ll Wam • • & McBryar has be.!n appOinted chair of the Immi_ gral;on Law CommiUH in the C.ner.1I Pract ice Section (If the American Bar Association. Campbell Wa.\ .ppointed to this pOsition for a period (If one year

beginning .t the conclUSion of t he annual mttting of the ABA in Chicago in August 1995. and ending at the con·

clusion of the annual meeting of the ABA in Orlando in August 1996. • J i m.. R. MSpud"

Sul~

of Mont-

gomery was recently elected a Fellow of the Ammcan Bar Foundation. The Fel·

Icrws is an hooor.uy organ;",!...., of.ltor· ney •. judges and law teachers whose prol.... ional, public and privat. careers have demorut .. ted outstanding dediClllion to the ~Ifare of their CQIllmuni\iu

and to the highest principles of th.legal profe$Sion. Seale is a past president of the Alabama State Bar and the Southern Confermce of Bar I're$i<Ients. He is on the board of director. of the Alabama DeI'1Ik Lawyers Association. and i. curr~ntty pr~sident of th~ Alabama Law Founw.·

tion . He was a member of the Alabama Disciplinary Commi"ion from 1989 to 1992 and is a member of the Supn:me Court Commission on Dispute Resolu · tion. He is with tilt firm of Robi$on & II-ela.er. • Th e Alabama Dore n .. Lawyer. Auodation (A DLA ) has bun recog· nized as one of the outstanding defense bar group. in the United States by the 19.500·member Defense Research Insti· tute (OR1). the nation's largest associa· tion of civil litigation defense lawyers.. OR I re<:.ntl~ honored ADLA with it!; Exceptional Performance Award. citing "the association's dedicated dforts to advance the goats and obj«tive,<; of the organized defen.., trial bar. including preservation of the civil jury and the promotion offaim." and balance in the civil jus t ice system." Accepting the award was immediate past President Rkhanl P. Manley. senior paTIn.. in the Demopolis firm of Manley, Tne gOT & Perry. ADLA has S<>me BOO' plus mem o bers throughout Alabama.

• Montgomel"j' attom<")' S tel.., Glas._ roth was elec t ed presiden t of the Alabama Cr imi nal Defen se La",),en As.oodalion. a .tatev.·ide organi ~tion of lawyers representing dti:re1lS accused of crimina l ollemu, during Ih. IICULA', r«rnt annwl me.ting. Glauroth is the principle in the firm of Clulroth & A..o<;"le. and has been in practi"" for nearly 16 years. Other eltcted officers for 1995---96 are E".rell e P r ice of Brewton, pre.ident· elect : Rick So ndefer of Birmingham . "ice ' president ; De n ni s K ni~ l ey of Mobile. secretary; Tommy l'Olli of Birmingham, treasurer; and Mary Tu m u of T uscaloosl. ~ice " presi dent/pub l ic dd~nde' position. Cho$(n as the organi~tion's arta ";ce ·presidents are J ohn May. , D.catur: J oh n L.ntln. ~nd Ric hard J affoe. Birmingham; Rkh~rd Keit h. Montgomery; Mik. Da. ing ... Robertsdale; Domi ngo So to, Nobile: and J im Parkman , Dothan. The area vic.-pr .. idents ser~e u liaisons belwffn the organi~tion and the mem o bership. •

It's Back To The Beach In '96

MEEnNG

July 24-27, 1996 Perdido Beach Resort - Orange Beach, Alabama

276 1 SErrEMB£R 1995

THE ALABAMA LAWVER

Report on 1995 Midyear Meeting of the ABA House of Delegates BV H. Thonws Wei..... Jr., 8irminghrrm, Ai(1t>iJnw Siale Delegate

III

he 1995 ~\;dye.lr ~leeti!lJloflhe American Bar As!heiation was held Februar)' 9-14. 1995. in Miami, Florida. The 56th Midy~.r M.eting of the .... I)C;.lion

marked !.e\'eral impOrtant milestones. Thirty ~rs ago, under the leadership of then-AnA Prui<ient Lewis F. Powell. the House of l)elegalu fir.! endOYSl'd the concepl of fed ... l funding to support the provision of legal..,rvi,,," to tho poor. At this "",.1-

ing, the issue was the topic of much disculoSion as coosideration of funding for the [..egal SeNke. Corporation was being ron.id"ro by Congress. Also of note, attend ... bid 1.,..".".11 to retiring ox~uti "" director David J. A. Hayes. Jr. at a .... plion held Sunday ~ning that commemorated his 30 years of ..,,".jee to Iht ABA. A .ubject of great di$CuS$ion at tilL! meeting WM the ,"cent· Iy ",tea.wd draft report of th< SJl"Cial Committee \lIl c.;....rnaJlCI!. The Special Committee has beffi engaged in an in·lkpth review of the governance structures and processes of the ABA for the last two years. The draft reteased in mid·January Wall the su!). jed of. an open hiaring wnducted on Sunday aftemoon at the Midyear Meeting which was htavil~ attended. The committe.·s final repOrt and recommendations will likely be the subject of much debate at the a$$OCiation's annual meeting in August in Chicago ",+>en the proposals will be considered in the form of amendments to th e as.o;odation"' Constitution. Bylaws and Houst Rul .. of Procedure b}' the Assembly and the House of Delegates. The 1t0USl' conwned on Mor>day rooming, February 13. with Martha W. Barndt of Florida taking her place as the fi,.,t woman ever eluted as chair of the House of Delegates. The Nominaling Committee conwned on Tuesday morning and determined to nominale N. Lee Cooper of Birmingham as p...,. ident ·elect for a term beginning at tm: conclusion of the 1996 annual meeting. Donna C. Willard·Jones of Anchorage. Alaska was nominated as sec...,tary·elect. and John A. K,.,ul, Jr. of o.troit. Michigan Wall nomi""ted all treasurer-elect. both to /Wume those positions at the conclusion of the 1995 Annual Neeting. I had the distinct pleasure of placing Lee's ""me in nomination with the Nominating Commmee. and of sewnd· ing John K,.,ul". nomin.ltion. The flouse of Delegat.. i, the legislati"" pOlicy-making body of Ih< Am..ican Bar As.sociation which mettl for two days dur-

THE ALABAMA LAWYER

iog each midyear and annual ABA Neeting. The House is made up of delegates elected by state and local bar asrociations, ~ upon lawyer populations ("Bar Association Delegates"); delegates elected b}' the ABA membe,., re,ident in each stat. ("State 0.1. egates"l; delegates of the various sections and divisions of the ABA; delegates from affiliated organizations; and assembly delegates elected at eMh annual m«!ing of the association b)' thost registered members who attend that meeting. The House acts on proposals ("RepOrts with Recommenda· tions") brought before il by state and local bar asrociations. b}' ABA sections, di.isions. commis.o;ion5 and committees. by indio vidual delegates and by affiliated organizations. These pr0p05· als are often vigorou51y conte5ted with t otensi"" d.bat. and con5id.'able floor amendment. Resolutions approwd by the HolUl' become ABA pOlicy and may become the subject of ABA lobbying efforts in Congres.o; and in other forums. At the 1995 Midyear Me. ting, the agenda of the House of o.legates containe<l mort than 43 items with debate and vot· ing on the various resolulions talIing place on Monday. febru" ary 13. and Tu ...day, February 14. A brief summary of the items on which action ""as talIen at the meeting has bun pl'O\lided to the state bar. Or is available from my office. phont (205) 254"1000. •

1995 DIRECTORIES ARE IN! Members - $25 each Non-Members - $40 each MAil CHEC K TO :

Alabama Bar Directories P.O. Box 4156 Montgomery, AI 361Ql Include street address - we ship by UPS! Orders must be pre-paid SEPTEMBER 1995/ 277

ALABAMA STATE BAR

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Sf:F'll:MIlEK 19951 283

OPINIONS OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL By ROBERT W NORRIS, general counsel

It. JIu~~:::,o'::r". IfI

,hr, r", d,rifiu,;'" of -

of ,..

prior dtcisions ilIbmiUtd ;n lilt Ittttr particularly

RO-9().57. I would QPKWIy like to ~rw Issue Or>r and Two in the OPinion with "g.ml to the principle d 'W:arious disqualirlQlion: IIIIllia that unlit. thtK rulings the fAde of ProIesJiotrol Resporuibililll disqualified ouImqutnt auoxiate atlomrys from P<'rticip;llion in ~ny ClOuse In which the ~ ;u.sociatt had prtviOU$Iy partidpatN. I also 001. the d«ision in Iss~ Two slales thaI if this decision wa$ rtvi.\itw under the 'new' rules it would probably bt ilddrwW In a 'd ifferent fashion: Reviewing 1M new rules. poorticula.1y Rule I.ll(d(l l, which is footnotf<l to tht fact that 'ParliQl)h Ie ) dots not disql.lllii/y other ~n ill the a#nCY with which thor ~r in qur.Jtion has bKomt associated.' ~ InOI'fc 5imply $uttd, lilt issues would be: I. Art district lon .. m eyJ and usistanl dillrict allorM')'l disqualified from participat ion in Iltnding criminl.l

cues by the principle of "';ca.iow disqualification when th e newly tmpIQ),.d ... istant hl.l participated in the pending criminal cast H a deftnH allomey? 2. Are district ~ttoml"J$~!ld assisunt district attorneys dij,qualified from po.rtidpo.tion in ~!lding criminal cutS by the principle of vicarious disqualification whtn \hoe newly employed assistant his participaltd in • pend· i.,. criminal malter throogh previous rtpmtnblion 01 I to-OOnSpirlltor? 3. An district atl/Jmfyl; and ;wilta.nt district atlO\"rWyS dis· qualified from participation in pe!lding criminal ...... by tht principle of vicarious disqualification wnen the newly employed <USista.nt hal participated in" pending criminal cue thrvugh previous .. prt$lnlition 01 an allegtd «>UJnIIlir.llOrwho is~ husband Ofwile altht IUbjed case?"' It 'l NSW£R. QUESTIO!lo' OS£, • District lttomtyS and wistant district attorntyS ;me not vicllriowly disqualifltd PUDUlflt to Rult 1.11, .I.Wwna Rules of Proftssional Conduct. wIwn a newly emplCl)'td assistant hal participated in crimi nal ...... "" a IItfmoo

attorney so long"" the "new" altomty is adequately "screened" from participation in the governmental ilClivi ly. A:\S\\·£II. QUESTION TWO: ~ ~ AnI..... r One. abo7.ot. "'''5\\1:11, QUESTION TlIIIE[, ~ ~ Answer One, abo7.ot.

J I ISCUSSION: The Disciplinary Commission prtviously issued

formal opinion 110·90·57 dull with similar i$lues

I>fIlI'<>Std in the instant inquiry.

284 I S[PTEMBEII 1995

Tht DiKiplil"lllry Commit.'lion determined in that nutter t~t the determinatinn ruched ther.in might bo: different if the Sup.. me Court 01 ~ aOOpttd tht Model Rules oI l'rofu· sional Conduct. On January 1. 1991. the sup..me court', order aIiopting \hoe Model Rula dl'ectMIy atablWltd the ....... stan· dt.nI by which viC40rious dij,qualifiQ\ion oIl/OWrnmtnt.ll and priwot. attorneys would 1>0: dtttnnintd. lI ule 1.11 (c)l l ). Alabalm Rults nf Profet.'lional Conduct. stattns folkJo,..,,, "Rule 1.11 Successi~ ~mment and Privale Employ. ~,

(e) EIlCtpI ~ law may othtrwise exprwly pennit." Ia~r

serving as. public officer or employee shall not: (1) Participate in 1I nutler in which \hoe pe~lty

participated

and subslintulty whilt in prM.te prKti« or

~mmmt.al emplO'i"'tnt, unlr:ss undtr applicllblt law 00 ~ is. or by lawful drleg..tioo may 1>0:. ltltJ\o. rized to act in the ~r's stQC! in the nutter."

The pertinent provision of the Comment statu: "Paragraph (e) dou 00\ disqualify other la~rs in the litrKl' ....ilhwhkh the ~r in question has become . . cutrd. " Further. Hn"rd and nodes. in their tmotise.

lAut of

t..m"lfL O'!l/. mot..,

"",'hen a ~r _ into the g<.twrTInl<nt from privau practice. he is still bound by lIules 1.6 and 1.9. lie may not divulge any information about I former client and may not 0pp0H the dient in a matter in which he had previously represented him. or in a nutter substantially related ther.· to. This bar CIIn be lilte<.! only by the oonsmt 01 the former dienl. On the other hand. ;'"""ted disqualifiClltioo 01 \hoe 8'1'emmmt -tmoting it IU new 'linn' undtr Rult 1.10 - II ~e. If Rult 1.11)(1) ....... to apply 10 the IfoYI:m· mml. the goyemmtnt would ri!her ....... to Iortio cerUin enkm:emmt nutters. or hire ~rs wOO IIlId ne>'!r been in private p....:tice. or wOo IIlId rqlrtstnted only clients who would never be to tht ~rrunentol unit hirinQ the Iawyt:r. Tht only practical HCaPf from this dilemma II to "rHn the ~feded bwyt-r from participation in goyemmmi activ-it)' thot is adve~ to his fnnntr clients md related to work that he performed for them; Rule l.11fc)(1) so direct'." 11.11:400. Purther. the Supft"", Court 01 AIWma. in a Iootnot. tn its Opinion in Rr!bertJ 1I.lIuldtim.. 512 So.2d 1231 (Ali. 1990). affirms the lIVailabiJilJ 01 the "Chinese Wall" in certain cutS imiOl"ing the mQIIfrntnt oIla~rs bd....·un 1.... !Iovern. nltnt and prj"ate law firms. 512 So.2d 1234, n.3 . IIastd on 1M foregoing. it is the Opinion 0( 1M DiKipli·

""'..,rw

TH£AI..Al!.AMA LAWVER

nary CommiS$ion that an effediw application of the ·Chi. nese Wall" to the n""'l~ employed lWist;mt ""uld allow the district attorney and other usist.ant district auDme}'> to par· ticipate in pending criminal cau.\ even though the newly employro assistant had re presented a co·conspirator of a pending case. specifically, husband and wife co-<:on>.pirato... The r>e\\' """lant would haw to insure his compliance with Rules 1.6 and 1.9. Alabama Rul es of Professional Conduct. He

could in no W3Y participate in the pending criminal mat\rn..went the consent of h;" elienl. The remaining members of the dist rict auomey's staff employing the effective "Chinese Wall" concfp! would not be vicariousl)i disq\llllifi~ from further participation in the other p<'nding crimifllli matt.r. To the extent thai RO·90·S7 is inwnsistent with the holding herein. that Opinion is modified accordingly. • IRO·94·101

RULES OF THE U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §2071(b) and (e), notice is hereby given of proposed amendments to the Rules of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Cirwit (Ru les). and amendments to Addenda Three. Four. and Eight to the Rules which have been implemented by General Order of the Court. The proposed amen dments to the Aules wou ld ; • require that in bankruptcy appeals a Certilicate 01 Interested Persons identify the debtor. members of the creditor's committee. any entity which is an active participant. and other entities whose stock or equity value may be substantially atfected by the proceed ings; • clarify the spacing and type size requirements in briefs: • specify that the time for issuance 01 the mandate and for filing a petition for rehearing or suggestion of rehearing en bane begins anew upon entry of an order authorizing publicatiorl of a previously unpubliShed opinion; and • require that a motion to dismiss an appeal must state whether the dismissal is sought with or without prejudice. Other proposed amendments make other minor changes to the circuit rules or conform to changes in Ille Federal Rules 01 Appellate Procedure which took effect in December 1994, as well as those pending before COngress and SCheduled to take effect in December 1995. Addendum Three is proposed to be amended in accordance with General Order No. 94·A to conform to the JudfGial Improvements Act 01 1990. Pub.l.No. 101·650. which amended 28 U.S.C. §372(c)(I). Addendum Four is proposed to be amended in accordance with General Order No. 95·C to conform to the U,S. Supreme Court opinion in Austin v, U,S.. _ U.s. _ . 115 S.Ct. 380. 130 l.Ed.2d 219 ( t994) . Addendum Eight is proposed to be amended in accordance with General Order 17 to provide, among other matters, an alternative procedure for issuing an order to show cause when the alleged misconduct concerns an anorney's faillJre timely to lile any required paper or brief with the Court. Other proposed revisions to Addendum Eight would: explicitly include payment 01 the costs of disciplinary proceedings and removal from CJA panels as possible disciplinary sanctfons; clarify confidentiality provisions: and provide that only orders imposing disbarment or suspension would routinely be transmitted by the Clerk to other disciplinary authorities. A copy of the proposed amendments and General Orders may be obtained without charge on and after August 28. 1995. from the Office 01 the Clerk, U.S. Court 01 Appeals for Eleventh Circuit, 56 Forsyth Street, NW, Atlanta. Georgia 30303 [phone: (404) 331·6187). Comments on the proposed amendments and General Orders may be submitted in writing to the clerk at the above address by September 29, 1995. Andrew Gyarfas Deputy Clerk Eleventh Ci rcu it Atlanta, Gaol"9ia

SEPTEMBER 1995 I 2S5

DEDICATION SPEECH,

Judge Frank M. Johnson Historical Marker Haleyvil le, Alabama, Ju ly 11, 1995 By Jack Bass ThiJ

"rlid~

original/II oPfH!D,1lIi in Ihe

JU/II /5, 1995 edilim' of the North",..!

AIabo.mian.

. W

come here today to honor one of Winston Count)'", mrut

1000ai son •. a man who became

the legal c.msdence of the South. Si. ago this week, I drove up here with the judge. We visited his grandfather's grave in Carbon Hill. then dro-.. on up to Haley>lille for lunch at the GaIley Restaurant and then to Doub le Springs and back to ~l ontgomery. I can tell y(lu from ~rsonal knowledge Ihat Frank Johnson'~ love of Alabama and love of Wi""'ton Count)' run. deep. lh<ot year~

love of Win,ton County run. jus! as deep for Ruth Johnson. hi. swutheart from Haleyl';II~. who is the other half of a grt.! team. When I fir3t met my «lito. at Double-

day, hcqueline Kennedy Onus;" I a,ked how .he became inte . .. ted in frank Johnson. She paused fo r a

moment. then said, "He', long been a hero of mine. I gutloS it goes back 10 the White Hou •• and hearing Jack and Bobby talk about him." ~:arliu that day in New York I interviewed Bill Moyers, who in 1980 produced n.'o one-hour prograrru .• h"'>"11 a """,k apart. on Judge Johnson. What he told me that moming will. I beliew, be

Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. i. honored .. an outstanding jurist of hi. time with a hi,torie marker. Piclured are Haley>li lle May(lr Larry Gellilard. Judge Johnson and Ruth Johnson. Photo courtesy of the Northwest AlUUomil111 296 1 SEPTEMBER ]995

of speCial interest 10 y(lU who are here loday. Moye .. told me, "I think in tum. of his decisions on the court he "ill be seen as the giant in regard to dvil rights in the South. more so than anyone On the Supreme Court in my lifetime .... "I think geographically and Spiritually and cutturally. if he had been born a hundrod years earlier. he would have ~n Abraham Lincoln. Or ,ice versa .. .. 1 think the way their culture acted upon them. the drcumstance. of ,",'here they were born. their birth, the antectdents of the forces that ",ere upon them. that those two men ue interchanguble. that if Johnson had been born earlier. he ",ould have been Lincoln. and vice versa. "And it kas som<thing \(} do "ilh that territory that innuenctd them. Winston County i. alrrtOl;t a mHon unto itself: Moyer. continutd. "Th..... something about the foree of place and time and cir· cumstance on him that made him mtdy when the court decisions pr.stnUd Ihem>elves. "Obviously he had no idu. nor did Eisentw.... r when he "",nl on that court, whal the issues were that they wer. going to f~. any more than Lincoln did when he arrived in the ""1litt House. But the force of personalit)' so.haped by their origiru made them ripe for the opportunity thai ...·ould cause some peop le to say it was providential and others to ... y, '\\'. .. n't ",.Iucky?" On that national lelevision program, Judge Johnson talked about hil Win_ $ton County roots and the kind 01 people hue today. · We al",a~s had an intense pride in being Americans." ht

Ttil-: ALA6AMA J.AIVY~;R

said. -I think my regional background had a ""T)'. ""T)' d.ci,iv. eff.ct on my approach to dispensing what I con,ider to be justice. and attempting. through judicial <lecisiorl$. to tm.... rt actions thai I considered unjust. People in that $eC· tion of the countl)' have a fiercely indeI"'ndent attitude and I"'r"$Onalily. They haw an inl ...... respect for lhe indi.id. ual and the individu.I·, right,. Th.y believe in a I"'rson·s dignity. and they belif:\l'e each pt"rroo is pouessed of and is .nlitl.d to inlegri ty. They believed that without regard to race. crHd. color. or ideology. ·E'~I)' man·s his own man· i, a real ba.lic philosophy. I ClIme here \to Montgomel)'\ with that. maybe most ofit unconsciously ingrained in me.Th.1 strong sen,. of fair play and respect for the individual and the individua!"s dignity. Judge Johnson said. ".. rwd me in great stud '$ a law;'tr and as. judg•. " During his 24 years as " trial judge. Judge Johnson wrote opinions that traruform.d lhe law in school deseg,...· gation. voting right,. jury , . Iection. first Amendment i.. ues. gender dis· crimination. and tr.atment of mental

patients and prison inmates. He nen r viewed malters before him as societal i.. ues. how.ver. To him they alway, were legal issues. Later this month President Clinton will present Judge Johnson with the Presidenti.1 Med.1 of Freedom. th e nation·s highest civilian honor. In his teUer to Judge Johnson informing him of the award, President Clinton wrote. "You remain .n in.piration to all who value justice." In an editorial yesterday in response to thai letter. Ihe New York Times said, "Frank Jooru;On "'" guided Il)' a vision of constitutional principle and the sancti~ of law rather than a thirst lor .pprwal." Thirty-four yea" ago in Alabama. George Wallace campaign«l !.I.IC«SSfully for hi. first term as gO\lernor. and his biggest applause line was attacking "that federal judge in Montgomery"-there wasn·t but one- u "an integrating. scalawagging, carpetbagging. bold.f~d liar." As most of you wen know. he didn·t let up afler his inauguration. But when 1 interviewed him almost 30 y .... later. Governor Wallace a.cknoo..·ledged that he had been ""wrorljl-

and that "in the long run" Judge John-

son was "right. " During his 40 years on the federal bench. the Judge has kept under a gl .... pal"'",~ight on his desk a typed quota· tion from Abraham Lincoln. The middle senlence reads. - If the end brings me out all right. what is said against me won·t amount to anyth ing." The Alabama House of Representa· tives. which 25 years earlier voled to impeach Judge Johnson. voted unanimously in 1992 to praise Congress for naming the fweral courthou.. in Mont · gomel)' for him. Judge Johnson hadn·t changed. but Alabama had. Like a solitaT)' ship taming a storm. Frank Johnson prevailw Il)' steering Ihe right cOurSe. H is impact went far beyond Atabam • . Hi s application of constitutional principles to unprece· dented circumstances. in Pr •• ident Clinton' s words. - helped bring our nation closer to the ideal. upon which it was founded." And what)lOu here today are sa~ing Il)' your pre .. nce is that)lOU CIIn COTTlt hom. again. Thank you ""ry much. •

ALABAMA LA WYERS RESEARCH SERVIC E Saves You Valuable Time The ALRS. a division of Tbc: Uni>-ersity of Alabama School of Law Library. assiSlS the bar with their research needs. An allome)' ",an.age. alld se<:ond-and lhird"ytar law students uti tize tlte state·s largCSllaw library to fill your research requests, Ou r fee;s 525.00 pcr hour for tbe research and writing services. Comptltl:r alld pl>ocooopy charges a •• separale and vary . Please call ALRS for more information,

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",.-"",«I

THE AlABAMA l.I.lmR

SEPTEMBER 1995 1287

•

onze Practice o Law .. ring 199'·1995. t he re were numeroul ,om]ll~jntJ pert~in. ina: 10 tilt Ur\luthori~ p~ of law filed with the Abbamo Stille BloT. "',my of these _ TO handlw by the stote bar st~ff on an informal l»si •. The •• wuo approsimat.ly SS formlll com· plaint. =d. pert.1ining to u~utho. rind practice. Of thol' formal com. plioints. it is intl'restinQ to not. what the indMdl.llOls wne doil1ll that i""'*''fd the unauthorized practice rJ~. One 17-yoar-old w~s (but n'l\ now) preparing uncontuttd divorces in MarlIWl County. A1W",,- An elderly lTWI "':as 111>11 still i.o p'.pooring un<;Onluttd divorce. in Winsloo. Walk.. llrn! Marion counti.., This rnan IIttended law KhooJ. bul !>as rot\Itr boorn li«nsed. In Mobik. " man who attmded Milu CoIIrIlt and ntvtr had I license was preparing uncontuted divorcu and rtp,utnHng pwpl. in small (1,,1111$ court. Another individual in Mobile lQs handling Soci.ol SKuril)' Oi~ljty CLaims and Is alto rrp. restnting an individool in court 00 a $lipand·~1 ate. Ther. ""'re, and still a... individul.I, in JtfJu.on County, Mobilr Count~ and Madison Counly pr~~ring unconltsllll dWon:es. AT~ attorney

288 /SEPTEMBER 1995

who is not lico!Utd in A1ab.1.~ w<os in· volved in r( pre~nling an individual in Joffmon County. An individual in Jeff... ...., Counly. who ill unlicomed. ill hold. ing himulf out U i mediator Or in ~rbilrator and abo a financi~1 consultant or IItbt rTIiI'\ater. ~re was an individ· ..." d/liming 10 be 1111 ~tomry rq>rt5tnl· ing i ~rty in in iMuranc. claim. An individual in routh Alab3ma ha.. pre. parl\lind filt<! law$.uitJ for VlIriouJ p.or· lies: Judge Dile StgrHt enjoined and rHITlIintd him from further KlivititJ in hi. court. He refu~ 10 cooptrate with tke commiltn and will not ~r« to no Iongtr practico I-. ~r. ke ill now pt1'TTWlt1111y enjoined Wolewidt. There ill an individual who has been conviclttl of a felony and has 115<) plead guilty to bank fraud md w.u Kting as an altor. nq' for pritonrrs. Thil indMdUloI at on. lime was admilllll to practic~ Law in New Jersey but ke has been perrrl/lnently di•. barred. There are abo Ll"'l'trJ ...·ho h.ave b«n di5blorm:l in Alibi .... md continut to prattico law. Individuall around Ft. McClellan were advertising di'o'(lr<:H for $89. b.lnkruptcit$ for SI69 and wills for m to 15O who ire not attorneys mil ........ IIt'-'er been lictn&ed al~ Thtre are also for mer Ifg~1 aS5i.tan!1 In law

offices who were pUpaTing uncontested diVllr<:u A tille tomp.ony in Mobile con. tinues 10 prepar. d«ds and mo~ and other inWummu 01 ~and give itpl ~ il real .ttate do.inp. There was a Mi ssiqippi attorney solidt. ing isbHt():l cw"" who ~tually hid an office in Northport. ALlbama: ke tIM now ~ out of 51at~. W.1Iavt individualt in Mobil. who were tl')'ing to represenl a pOlice oIfkff in i griewna proaedinlThere w.u one individual working in a I~ offICe who is not In altomt)'. but who was holding himself (lilt to the pub· lic ... an iUOmty. Ont can rudily I« from ill 0( tllHe claims tNt tilt UT\luthoriud practico of I.w i. rampant in Alabama. It il taking pbct in most tvtO)' eounty. It I«ms to be much WOIW in the Ia'lltr. melropoli· W.ireas. "()tlr UT\lulhoriud PTlIctite of Law Committee of the Alabama State

(lar iJ

(InC

of the mort ao:tivo! commit·

S«tion 34-3- 1. 1975 Code ofAI<lbarn<l makes;I' crime for ,my ptrson 10 PIXlice or OSIume 10 IOC\. or hold hirmelf wi to the public as a ptllOi1 qualifitd to pIX· Ii« or arry on tho calling of ~ ~r. guilty 01 ~ mOOtmunor and on convict ion. tht pe rson can Ix fined not to acftd $SOO Or be imprisoned for I ptriod not to exceed six months or oo/h. Section 34-3-ti. 1975 Code of Alabama Itattl that only ptT$OrU who an: n:gu_ larly licenstd to practice law may do .... This iKlion lptCifially o:k1iroes the pr.iICtin oila'«. "'I~I ronstitutH tM prx. tice 01 law has also bHn dtfined by tho COUtU: State Ex Rei. Prxler ... lJabofflf/ Au«iotion of Cmlil ExecIJJiuz$. 338 So.2d 812 (Ala. 1976). Prall v. Slale. 278 So.2d 724. cert. denied. 278 So.2d 729 jAla.) 414 US 1002. Probably tht most far- rtitCh,ng and wtll-rellsontd

dteision i. the case of CoITft Count¥ AbJlracl and Tille CiJmpan¥ D. Slate. El Rei Norwood. 445 So.2d 852 (AI~_ 1983). Among other thin\ls, this cne held Ihat the prtpa r~tion of dwls and Ihe filling in 01 the blanks in forms by litle compania is prohibiled. An argu· mmt was made by the titk company that 11M: forms ~.t p.tPllred by attorneys and these forms wen used by tM title oorTII*'l' whomn the title company only filled in the blanks. The litle company argued thai this was usentially a cltr;· cal Wlc itId was not Ihe practice 01 law. The court ... id Ihis (M.looked u.. fact thai d.cisions mII$I be .-Ie ~ing the informlliion to go in 11M: bbnks. The court in the QSO of Land Tille Compo11/1 1". Siale. Ex Rei Porttr. 29!1 So.2d 289 (Ala. 19741. specifically held lhat liUe insurers may only prepare simpl. affidavits and stalemenu of flOCt to support iu titlt potidu.

UnquoWonab/y, the l.tgisblu.., intmd· ell thli 134-3-15 __ el\Kl.eIl for the pur· POles of insuring thai lay individuals would not ~~ othtrs in I n:presentaIi,," capaci ly in llr~as r~qu; ring th~ , kill andjud~nt ofa licensed attorney. II has Ttetnll, bun brought to tht .tttniion 01 tIM: commiuft thai actions In being prostcI.Iled in Ihr district courts 01 thr statt by individwls not licmstd 10 p ..ctic. law under 135-9.80. 1975 Code of Alabama (Sanderson Act ). Those individual. an: not owners 0( Ih. land. The)' i n: agenls (or 11M: landlord in tilt ,..nting. I.uing.nd rn&naging lilt properti •• _ Clrarl,. any puson manage hiJ or IM:. own ast. 134-3-19. 1975 CadI' of A/a/xlma. lI OWtVU, it apptars to lit u.. unauthorized practic. of law for . person who i, neilher a party 00. a licensed auomey 10 appe;or in. INI as I rtpre~nQti"" of. party. Birmingham Bar A.u«iali()n o. Pllillips

Important!

Licensing/Special Membership Dues 1995-96 AJllioonses to pr&Ct1Oe law are sold IIlfough the Alabama State Bar headquarters, as well as paymenl of special

rnembefship dues-the same as last year. In mid-S&ptamb&r. a dual invoice to be used by both annual license hoidets and special memba!s will be mailed 10 every lawyer ctJffGlltly in good standing wiItI the bar.

If you am activflly practicing or antlclpata practicing la w In Alab8ma between OCtober \ . 1995 aod Septamber 30, 1996 please ba sura that you purdlasa an occupational license . Licenses ara $250 lor !he 1995-96 bar year

and payment must ba received balwaen October 1 and Oc:tobaf 31 in order 10 avoid an automatic 15 percenl penalty ($37_50). SKond notices will not be 1MH1t! An anomey not engaged in !he aclMI practice of law in Alabama may pay the special memba<ship 100 01 S 125 10 ba considered a mambar in good standing. Upon receip1 01 payment. lhose who purchase a license will ba mailed a license and a wallel-size license fOI ldentillcalion purposes. Those electing special membership will ba sent a wallet -size 10 card lor both ldenlillcalion and recejpt purpOseS.

If you do not receive an invoice. please notify ChrtSlie Ta.. ntlno Freeman , membership seIVices diractor, at 1-800-354~154

(in-state WATS) or (334) 2&.}-1515 Immedlata ly l

THE ALAIIA.'tA LAWYER

SEPTEM8ER 1995/ 289

and Ma~h, ]96 So. 725. Gentr~lIy" corporation m~y not ~ppt~r in court except through In momoy. It unoot aPllfar pro n. 8TOf1.'n II. PIImtll. 386 5o.2d ] ]31 (AI&. 19801; U JNlTlt LtJmI>trlh. 5 So.2d 622 (AI&. ]942). This pr0hibition has betn e~ by ,~wte for Ktions in ,_II c1ain'l$ c()Urt. 1]2-]23](bl. ]975 C«N of Alabama. Thcu is no JimiLar proviJion for lIPPUrances in district Or circuit cou rt. Th ..~fl)ro. it seems quile obvious thai an ~nl can· nol np"sent the property ",,""er in tho court proceedings. Tht ,Lalute see .... to only a llow the owner, his agenl Or attorneY·lIt·llIw Or lIltomey·in-fact 10 mah afridavit of the flcts required undu 135-9-80, but don not give authority for an untiten~ ptrsorl to appear in II trial u a ff1Irestnlal.;".., of " proptrtyowner. Duri"ll thr 1M! two)'W'$. \his committ~ 11M btm \'try actM with full commitI« ",«lings four to rM: times ptr year. Various compl;oinu life usigned to various members in Ihe locale whe .. the complaint origln.ltu. These committu members ha~ devottd an average of &0 to 100 hours ptr Immbtr uch year. plus an undetermined amount of out-ol"-podc:et tlCpenses. Tht commiu~ has primarily Imt in Birmingh.am. and those memo bm of thr committ~ /rom extmne south A!aba_, such as Mobile. Oothlln. 8lIy Mindto. Grttnville. etc .• hlIve devoted em! mort houri.. Tho)se mrmbtrs $ptfId si. to eight hours in travel time .. lone tl) metli"l'- This is one full day out of thrir otficolor u.ch metlirllltiwy itlmd. Theu is no comptnllltion (nor is any elptdtd) or rtimburstmtnt to any membtr. th..efort, Ihtse members au to bt commended. Th. active members for the 1995·96 year of th. commiU.. au: Chllrles N. McKnight. Mobile: David B. Caulhen, ~Iur. Stew Thonw.. Jasper, David L Ikuoy, Arab: RindlII1 S. Ford. Molton; Imid O. Shelby, Birmingham; James W. Porter II , Birming/wn; Marc Brakefield. TusaIoosa: Rufus E.. Elliott III, Rirminahim: Neva C. COllWlIy. Millbrook; Charta E.. Crurnblty. MorItgorooy; ~ Bo,d NoI. OpolilQ: Haigh, Troy. Daniel A. Bmton. f':Iir IIope; Charles L Mill ... Mobilf: George A. Tonsmeire. Mobile; and Jimmy I I. FemanoJez. Mobile. How Cin thi s unauthoriud practice of law ~ slopptd. Or at l..st curllliled? Perhaps the l.. gi5lature should pass an

n....n...

290 ' S.:I)TE~mEN

1995

Kt requiring a ,worn certification on all OOculmnli filed in the courts of the St.a.t. of Alaba_ uquiring Ihe name. Wdrus lnd lelfphoM number of lhe individual who pr~ tilt docurntnt. The act should pn:widt: _re criminal ptniIltiu if tilt Mfidavil is made falsely. This should caU" mtKh of tilt unauthorized practite to be; ....... n:1)' curllliled. The affidavit would give Ihe stale bar JQTTIO Irvoraat in pOIki"ll \lit unaulh<). rized praclice. II should be incumbtnt upon ttle SUPUIm court to promulgale a rule requiring thllt all judS" in the .Ult inquiu as 10 the preparation of any OOcumenlJ. pltadings and pilpen filed in lheir court. A mtuiremtnt such;as this would alJO ....... uly curtlil unauthorized practi«. The Jl3te bar should hiu .. fulllim. invutigilor to inveltigile the unauthori~ practice complainlJ and

.........

Other than the t riminallb.tute. tht SUle bu has available 10 it i quo WIlf'fWlIo proceeding pursuanl to 16--6591-599, 1975 Oxh of Alabama. Mem. btn of t he commitlu h.ve been assigned Ihe luk to file the quo warraulo procuding ptrtaini"ll to a person engaged in lhe u'lIIulhorized practice of law in their geogriphiCil aTtl. That membtr has to pupar. the petition and then forward il to the state bar for rMew to,. stMt blr 0()UnSt1 and Mr .ign. i"ll by Eucutive Director IWth B. Nor· man. The pdilion is then fOTWuded bad: to the rnnnbtr !'or fili"ll ....ith tht circuit court. The mernbtr is responsi· ble Mr Ifti"lllhllt lhe ritntral counsel is acIviMd at all timu of whllt is Laking plKo in tho proc~d;ns. That membtr must also prepare the caK Mr trial just al that mtmbtr W(luld be preparing a case for a client in hi' office. Thai memo btr must 1ft thlll proper ir.dividuab are subpotn&ed SO thllt profltr proof can be preHnttillO lhe c()Urt andlor jury to pfO'Je that the individual is mg..gi"ll in lhe unauthorized practice of Law. Dntt tht individml is found guilty of e~· ing in the IIIWJ~ pndi« 01 Law, Ihe circuit Judie enlers an order purna.nenlly mjoinir\i tilt individual from engaging in the prattic. of law in tht SUit of Alabama without a licenso. EI'm after this is done. il is stililef! up 10 the committu to poliet thr situation 10 make sure that an enjoined person do .. nOI continue 10 engage in Ihe

unauthoriud practito. If he or .he

dou, il""l1 be up 10 the biT to bring a contempt proceoding under that quo

_mmlo action. Fortunalely. of all 01 tht quo 1l'<I1r!lI1/o procmlings that have been filed within the lut two y<:ars, none III this time hlIve IctWllly bun tried. 11>tre ire ..........1 ptnding. Thcr~ ue some where the defond.nl hiS agrted or conunted to /I permllnenl injunction bting enteud ;>gairut Ihem. At this lilm , theu art two quo """",,to proceedings pend ing. At le.st one will hove 10 be t.itd, and it will probably end up;n the Al~ Supreme Court. The .. ;1 a common statem.nt by lhose accust1l of e~ing in the u .... u· thoriud practice of Law thllt this com· millH is only pursuing them because they,the.:cused. ut tWn.II mont)' from ~rs. No mtrnber oflhe committH hu rvor liken lhal position aboul any compLaint. The commiltH ;, ch.argtd with tM duty of pn)tedi"llthe public from these individuals who are engag· ,ng in variow fraudulent Klivities and .Iso slopping thou individu.ls from <ruting more legal problems fl)r Ihe public. The problems thllt people crtale without having IIny inlent whauoe.er to engage in lhe unauthorized p"",tice of Law is incrtdible. For tJCample. blink tmployow who advise elderly people to put Ont s.on or on. dought .. on the account wilh them cUllte rIWI)I problems. At the time of the dtllh of Ihe paunl, sornetimu thai son Of dilughter La.ku tho entire account lind dtpriws Ihe other brothers and sist~n of what tlwy think would be; their fair Wrt. This b.kn plac. throughout the slate hun. drods of times .... ery week. How many times Iheu are guedy Or unscrupulous btothtrs and rulers. I 00 not know. These individuals prePilring deeds ....ho do not know the riU1lificaliOrIJ of a d..d con· ''t)'ing ill tmanli in common, joinl ten· anlJ with right of ""TVivorship, tic., art lIIso creating nightmares for AbIwnians. Report any unauthorized practice of Law that iJ brought to l'OlIr 1I1mtion to tho: .... te bar or to i committH rnmm.r in l'OlIr 1Irta. •

THE ALABAMA LAWYER

Registration Form Mlll[: ABlCi.E, 60. 870384. TU5C~loosa. AL 35487-0384

aVIS!.

t'a~:

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292 1 SEF'T"EMBER ]995

RECENT ot:\f£LOPMEIITS IN CRI.~ INAL LAW" PROCEDURE

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OCTOBER

22 Frld_», 12 TueHllly STATE" LOCAL TA.X ISSUES AfFECTING ALABAMA BUS INESSES Mobile. Admi",1 Semrna National Business Institute. Inc. Cmlits: 6.0 COlt! 5149 (71518JS.852S

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DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN ALABAMA

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CLE Materials For Sale! -$10.00 (includes poslage~ f>lake checks payable to the Alabama State Bar A Closn I.ooIt II the Advns:uiaI Process DISABILITIES LAW 1995 Annual Meeting • Tho Mooney .. an ~r U.... lilt Continuing Legal Education ~inll with Leg.lI Assistants ~ with I>isaIoilitios Act Progr.un Material5-Update '95 CO.'lPUTER TRAINISG Rtooll DKWonl of 1M Alabirm

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Th. Cost of Winning: An Ethical Vi"" TI lE AIARAMA lAWYER

INTEK.'1ATIOS.u. lAW

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• rtdtral\lttUblorrConoodmllOnlin ~ Non-Citi ..... in lilt UniI<d Stat..: An o..r.iew

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Consill.ntly:

Tho Storyt.n..

S£I"T£ MBt:R ]9951 293

Sex-Based Wage Discrimination: Recovery Under the Equal Pay Act, Title VI/, or Both

II 1963 and 19&4. Congress pa5sed t~ Slatules which were designed \n ~ddrus gtn<k,·bastd discrimination in the workpu..:t: The ~:qtJ.l1 Pay Act of

of proof fuh rfquiru, and to .".mine Iheir relalionship 10 each other in light of the adions of the ~:Ieventh Circuit.

1963 (E PA) and Ti t le VII of the Civil Rights Act 011964 (TItle 'lin. The SCOpe of the Equ.o.l PlY Act is limited to dispant. wag. pncticu bu l Titl. 'Ill. although indud inll coml"'np\ion. is mon: .ncompu1i~ in its .~'fl'Ii'nt related prohibitions. Thus. WMII bringillJllfl action for T.drus of ul·b<oud .... diKrimilllOtion, a plaintiff lias two .tatutOf)' Options "'hkh J>1'O';o;k 101' difftring bunleru of proof and the p<.Wibil_ ityof different mults.

Equal ~Act

Thnt differing resul ts are further complicated by a split in t .... ci rcuits il$ to the appropriate rmthod f<lr ..b/:lli.hlng gtnder·biud Wille discrimination u'" Tille VII. At iullt is whether to utili .. the IQllitioml Title VII rndhod 01 prOOf or the lbndords iUld burdem esbbHshtd by Ow EquoJ Pay Act. c.,.,. Hqutnlly. Iht relationship btlwun Title V11 and EPA renwo;ns" .. compln iImI of "-". lUffUHd ..... Ih legWatM and judkw Un«rbinty."' This W'M'ltrtainty "- a dil'l!cl impact on whether a pliintiff'1 cl.lims will bo """ewfu!. The pUf'I)OK of this ~rtide is 10 explain the sllltutory interprellliion of the EPA and Title 1'1[, \0 =mine the burdens 294 1 SEP'TEMB~;R 1995

In 1945. .u an QUtlll'()W\h of mta!lUrH taken by the War ~ 8oa.rd, the fim feder,,1 equ.ll pay bill Wall pruenttd to Congrua,I The bill Wall not passed. For the nal 17 yura, .11 proposed f~",1 ~ lIuIinII ..... th flIu.II Pi')' """ doeffaln!. [n 1962. the HollSO' llJld Snwote uch pWotd Jj:l/isl.t.tion rt(juiring equ;ol pay lor tQu.Il ~1 ~ a r«:(I(1(iied bill WllS oot Ipproved bofore Congrus adjoumtd. \.\~n the 88th Congrw con· vened in 1963. the equal pay proposal. were renrwtd and I reconciltd bi ll Wall 3CQPtfd ~ ,ubmiUl'd \0 Pmi\ltnt John F. Kennelly for ,ill""ture. On June 10. 1963. he signed the EQu.l.I Pay Act into Law lIS llJl ;unmdmmt to the .~r Labor Standards Act.' M an "mtnllment to the Fllir labor Slancbrd, Act, the EQw.1 P"y Act was immediately lubjed to ...... re rmric· 1Klns.' First.. it was limited to diocrimi· ""lion in pay. Seoond. its oowragt """ tied to the specific coverage proYisions ~ uemptions of the i'li. Labor Stan· cbrd$ Act.' ~;mnti.lly, thf EPA forbids payment of unequal ,,-age. ror equal worI< which requires equal ,kill. dfort and

,esponsibitity and II performed under similar working ronditions by t mployees of the O!>!>OSite SUo txeept where one of four statutory uceptions e";,1.1..' Equ.l.l l kill, . ffort and n _"lbility Sin« the fir$/. judicw ddermi",,1ion under the EPA. (in/ra! H<1TIOI.oer &mJc & 1haI Co. II. Commis.siorwr. 159 F.2d 167. 169 (2nd Cir. 1941). courU lliw held tNt tqUil does not mun idmtiGal. Rather, .u the MirrmJD dtcision reiter· ates. equal "- bHn held to bt .w..tan· tially s.imil.lr. 975 .'.2d ~t 1526. Court> IwJe opted to look bohind job labels and to locus on the i>CtU.)1 dutios and qU.)lifi· ""lions for a given ~;tion. Brock lJ. ero,. gia SoulhuO/!J/em CoII~. 765 F.2d 1026. 1032 (11th Cir. 1985). To ~Iyu ~ifot positioru under the EPA. C()Urt$ fir$/. look 10 whethtr fqual skill is required in the performana of. the various job duties. Purauant to 29 C.F.R. 1800. 125 (1980), 'kill is dtfilltd to incIWe such fKlora u nperienu. train· ing, edutllion. and Iobility. Equal skill u il'" if the compared employtts have u..,ntially the umt prt rtquisilu 10 perform in eilher of the two positions. even if one trnllloyft dots not ue"i.., the requi red skill II fr.quenlly in the perfo rmance of one job as the othtr employee do.. in the other po, ition . TIIF, ALABAMA LAWVER

N~ith~r the pOSSession of skills necessary to meet tht job'. rrqui",ments nor eff,ciency of an employ •• ·• performance in the job can be considered in evaluating ,kill equality. Moreo~r. the equal pay standard is inapplicable if the degree of skill required for the pmormance of the first job is substantially great.. than that of the ..,cond. Effort relates to the measurement of the ph}'Sieal Or mental exertion needed for the perfOrmllnce of a job. 29 C.~·.R. §800.127 (1980) dictates that the equali· ty of two jobs be .Nlyzed in tenns of the amount Or degrtt of effort that is actual· Iy expended in their performance. F.v(!n though the employees may .xpend their dfort in different ways during performance of the comparable jobs. wag. differentials w;1I be justified unless it can be shown Ihat differences .,isl in the kind of dfort being .xpended. For an employer to rely on effort for the basis of pay disparity. three lests must be met; (!) the effort must in fact be greater; (2) the duty or duties which requi re the •• tra offort must consume a significant amount of time of all those employees whose added wages are sought \0 be jus· tified in terom of the extra .ffort; and (3) the extra effort must ha,~ a value commeMurate with the different ial. "RespOMibility is concerned with the degree of accountability required in the performance of the job. wilh emphasis on the importance of the job obligation." 29 C.F.R. §800.129 (1980). Th.r. are many poMible iMtances. as set forth in 29 C.f.R. §800.l30 (\980). in which dif. ferent degree. of respoMibility sanction d iff... nt rates of pay. ~'or example. a higher wage can be justified in the instances where emplO)'«! perform work which is equal in all ... pects, •• copt that on. ~mploye~ is required and actually does from time to time perfonn supervi · sory fundions in the absen<:~ of the reg· ular supervisor as a means of training for a permanent SUpeMSOry position. The Filth Circuit. in caselaw adopt<Xi by the Eleventh Circuit. has used the test of whether the increased respons;bility is sub$\antially great.. than that of the other employees and whethtr the added responsibility has a value eommtMurate with the dilferrntia!. Brennan v. Victoria &mk & Trwl OJ .. 493 1'.2d 896 (5th Cir. 1974). SituatklM where the differential is found to be ba.ed on coo ·

THE ALABA.'1A u\WYER

Irived re.pon.ibilit~, such as whert a "'<lman is assigned to tasks formerly per· fonned by a man but is not immed",tely accorded a wage increase 10 the man's former saiary or where wry little time, if imY. is actually spent in perlomting the additional r.,pon.ibility. have been h. ld to be unju.tifi.d. Hodgson v. Brook· hat""" Gen. HOSp.. 436 F.2d 719 15th Cir. 1970). The key for substantiating a pay diffnential i, for the differenet in rrsponsibility '10 be of a kind that is reCogniud in wage administration as a sig· nificant factor in determining wage rates_" 29 C.F.R. §800.130 ~c) (]973). Similar worlring "",ndition. In order for the EPA to be applicable. the comparable jobs must be perfonn.d under similar working conditions. In Coming Gloss Works v. Brt'IInon, 417 U.S. 188. 202 (1974). the Supreme Court estthh.h.d that 'similar' inCOrpOrates a more flexible test to compare working conditions than is used for the other ~I. m. nt. of the equal p;ly standard. Tht 5upreme Court's references to "inside work v. outsilk work. e~posure to heat. cold, wetnm. humidity. noise. vibration. hazard. (ri.k of bodily injury), fum ••.

odors, lOlCic conditions. dust. poor wnli· iation" indicate that work conditions in· clude physical surroundings and the hazards of a job. Thus, in determining wh ether similu working conditions ""ist, one mu.t ascortain whether Ihe differences in working conditions an the kind customarily taken into consideralion in setting wage lewIs. Any distinction in wag. rales attributable to working conditions must be ratioNlly justified and cannot exist only when a specific se~ holds the job. Essentially, if appli<Xi equitably by gender, the lest for similar working conditions i. one of economie rrality _ higher rate may be paid to one who agrees to work WIder unpleasant. onerous Or difficult conditions. Excqolions to Equal Poy Act Once a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case by sho:Ming that the employer is subject to the EPA. the plaintiff perlonned work in a position requiring equal skill. effort and responsibility under similar working conditions. and that the plaintiff was paid I... than comparable employees of the opposite sex. the burden shifts to the deftndant to demonstrate by a pre-

----------PRofEssiONAl INVESTicjATiVE SERvICES OWNEd & MANAGEd By A PRAcTiciNG MEMbER Of TItE AlAbAMA STATE BAR

CIA,

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' {f-lE SURVEIlLANCE SPECIALISTS' CORPORAll' OffiCES nl2 18TH STREET SOUTH BiRMiNGhAM, Al }5205 205/918-0042 FAXi918-0024 SEPTEMBI-:R 1995 / 295

poodtranu 0( 1M fYiderlCl: lhat MJy pay di/krtnlial an br juWfltd by oror 0( four UllulOry GCtptiono: (i, a Kniority 1)'1' I(m: (ii) a Il>(ril syst(m; (iii) a syst(m whidl mtHUl'fS nrnings by q~lity or quality 0( produdion; or (iv) a differm. lial ~ on any othtr factor otllu lhan KX. Milehtll v. kffl'NQrl eou"lg &I. of EJuc, !136 r.2d 539, 547 (11th Cir. 1991). All analysis 0( lhe wording 0( tm four uctptions moe;ols that lhe fin.! IllrH au sl"'cifH; cumpl.. while the fourth is, gtrlCral provision which by UK 0( lhe ph.lH ",ny othe, r,dor" definu tht

---------------

lptCiocity 0( tho first thTH. By their \'tl)I definition, the fint thTH ~ au limited in their ~kMion. A Kniority system Is ont in ",flich pay inc'Cll>(nl! are tied to units of till>( in ..rvicc. 1f it can be shown lhal. starting wage was nondiK , imlnalOry and llult rrom lhe point 0/ starting on tilt .ystem i. applied equally and consi,ltnlly to malts and ftmalu performing tqual work. Ihe exctption will br Il>(t. If Ihe Ulrting W;.ry point ~ di$c:riminalory. tho: Slob.wqo ...... pnctia: 0( a valid .........,ty i}'SIem will not txCU5e lhe initial mil

----------------

~ c-=

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_.>HI ,./, hi,n

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'TheC-ofl""SiknI Ai"",,:CTConstruclion Compong. Inc. O. T1te Se7ltrv Compang. Inc. -" Sludg in l'rofessionolism· is based on tilt burglary 0( a small construdion e(lmpany and 1M r.. ultin{l (MIIUil for damaQes. 1M ~ pil! II small company and ~ small I.... firm ag>irut tl\( '~5O\lral 0/ a larg~ corporate tlient and large l ~w firm. Approvtd for l.O - 2.0 CLE credit.

00 I/fHl nNd 1M hlt$1 Inf_lion on /til....." DI,,,,,I. RtsOIutifHIP

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<ltal,ng pri ..... rily wllh two subj«1£, offtrs aJ\J\O'us to: al Is th"'t an ethic.al duty to ao.M$t )'OU' elitnl! of alternatives to litiga. \ion1 b) Can m.diation. and atlltr ai\tmali", •. be profilabl~ for )'OUr finn. and if ..... how? Program is aw...wed for 1.0 - 2.0 CL£ cudit. The AlABA.'IA STATE BAIt.net MCLE CO.'ol' U SS IOS wiO work with your local bu usocialion 10 bilor IIltH ....,gnmIIO _ t )'Our IpKifH; needl, ConlKl E4 PlIlltrson, Director of Protnmo. al 1-800·354-6154 for lnfmmlltion.

296 1 SEPT~:MtlEIl 1995

continued w;>ge disparity. Meril I)'Itnns hinge on l"'m..mw'I«. To bt . . . . . 1111 caption 10 the EPA. thfY hll'" usually conllin~d obj«li", mttho<b for n .. luating loch crile,ia as performanot on the job. uliability. inltia· Ii",. responsibiliti ••• and fulfillment of responsibilitin. Se.! Hodgson v. GolIN.... Isla Nursing ~ Inc.. 486 P.2d 1256 (5th Ci r. 1972). A diKriminlite hiring wage 11K 110 impact on the aIIIbIis/wntnt of a '4lid mnil sy<km. t.o:-wr a pmnis. sible merit system will_ 10 perpetuate the initial discrimination. • I ~ "'-I on a ~ 01. Ies.oer Iigu... is still I lesser an1(IW1L See {/mer'a1Jv 8rmnim o. l'idorM &mk, 493 P.2d at 90'2. Anothe, specific permissible exccption 10 tilt Acl is one that ,es'" 00 a defin.d system of m&Surin{l earnings by quanlity or qmlily of production. This exctplion is -wty found in am thaI rdalt 10 oommission orimttd poUtions. The most commonty raised eqUlI J\IY Hctplion i, the faclor other than HI exception. Eumplu of acceptable (acton atlltr than $tX include shift differcn· tials, red circle rat ... temporary rnssiSnmenu. and training programs, 29 C,P. R. fl4S. 146. ]47.and ]480980). In instances wlltr. shift diff",tnli.ls ~ brm I"'rmilltd. tho: typial fad pat. lern invo]v" a day and a nlghl shift which tither KX is permitted to ....."k. Althouafl both KU$ ~ on equal 0IlI'0'tunity to wo,k either 5hift lhe mm Icnd 10 be: lhe only (>nt.S 10 ehoose the night shifl. with ill higher pa~. If a woman choK 10 work the night shift. Jhe 100 would receiw the wage differenlial. Thus.. I factor ather than sex-41lt nighl "'-ift ibrlf-ha!; brm found to br the _ for lhe pay disparity. Another tnelIlS of explaining WiQe du· f,rmlialJ is utilizalion of a "red ti"I," rate. "GenenI1y dtfmtd. u.. torm 'ftd ci,· de' d"eribe:s 'certain unusual. higher lhan oormal. wage rates which are m1Iin· !lined for many rta<Oll$: (citation omit· t.dl ... One such reaoon r«Ogniud in the rtgulalions is ttmpOrary rtassignment." Co.sD v. 8qa! Hosp~ 780 P.2d 917. 918 (11th Cir. 1986). TempOrary reassignmenl gmeralty has brm defined in Imns month. 2(1 C.P.R. 1800. 147 (1980). Anothtr insW>ce of permissible red ci,cling oc(un whm a company lrarufers a 1onI!·$tr.ice male tm~ klr ht~th Ttl · sons from hi. regular job 10 OrIC seneral-

uone

THE AL\RAMA LAWYER

Iy performed by women. bul conlinues the higher rate of pay. With the addition of the health lactor. this is a permilled practi"". but if the differential was based merely on an employtt', ,"I , the higher paid employee could not be ..d drd~. Thus. if a nondiscriminatory rUSOO for paying one empl~ more tnan another can be .. b/:lli.hed. red circling can be shown to be a reasonable ."""ption as a factor other than se •. Mulhall v, Am'a",:" Sec., Inc.• 19 1'.3d 586. 590 (11th Cir. 1994).

Employees working in the same ar.a may receive unequal wages ""hen one i. in a bona fide training program and has b<-en ""'5ignro to the work area as part of the training program. For the training program to be coru;ide ..d bona fid •. it must be open to both se... and mu.t d.moru;trati~ly utili~e both ,". es. Oif· fe .. ntials based on male employtt< being the head of a hou5<:hold. or On the theory that it costs mo .. to employ one sex than the other. or on the OS$umption that a given rate of take·homo incorm is rwc· essary and that if a married couple i. emplQ}'od this necessity amount can be divided between the salary of the two individuals. are all prohibited. Finally. if a bona fide market argument is a<Wanc~ as a factor othtr than sex. mo", than me", assumption of a light market Or of the necessity of paying a higher wage must be demonstrated ,

ing "against any individual with resped to his compell5ation, term.<. conditions. Or privileg~ of employment, because of such individual's race. color. ",Iigion, sex, or national origin.'" "The legislative hi.· tory of Title VI I demonstrate. that it was enacted primarily to counter racial dis· crimination; the prohibi t ion against gender·based bias was added to the Irgi.· lation at the last moment, and. according to SOme theories, ;n an eflort to thwart passage of the Civil Rights Act." {d. at 1526.5«. e.g .. Cwn/g of Washing/on u. Cun/her, 452 U.S. 161. 190 n.4. (1981) (Rehnquist. J., diS5<nting). TWo model. for discrimination exist under Title VII: dispOirate treat,,",nt and disparate impact. Disparate treatment involves intentional discriminato ry employment practices based on race. '"x, religion or national origin. Oispuate impact claims relate to employment practices which are facially neutral. but which have a disparate impact on one group mo .. than another and which can· not be justified by business necessity.' Di, ...",I. t ... tment In disparate treatmen t caHS. an employer must intentionally act in a di.· criminatory manner predicated On race. 5<:1. religion or national origin. To sustain an action for disparate treatment.

the plaintiff must sustain the burden of proof. In Mc[)onnell [)oug/as Corp. v. CrlNtl. 411 U.S. m (1973). the Sup.. me Court specified the shifting burdens of production and proof which are neees· sary for determining whether or no1 an employer intentionally di.crim;nated against employees. Tho plaintiff must first pfQ'\lt<. by a pre· ponderance of the Nidence. that a prima facie case of discrimination exisU. To mffi. this burden. the plaintiff must demon· strate that the plaintiff is a member of on~ of the protected classes (race. se~, religion or national origin) and that the plaintiff has not been treated as well as a similarly situated employee who is not a rmmber of the protected class. 411 U.S. at 8Cl2. If the plaintiff is successful in meeling the initial burden of proof. a presumption is created that the employer unlawfully discriminated against the employee. Tuas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine. 450 U.S. 248. 254 (1981). Although, according to Burdine at 253, the burden of proof .. mains with the plaintiff. the burden of production then shifts to the defendant to "articu· late some legitimate nondil<:riminatory reawn" for the alleged discrimination. 411 U.S , at 802. The defendant merely must provide a legitimate. nondiscriminatory reason for

Recovery under EPA If a defendlOnt fails to meet the burden of .stablishing one of the four affinnative defenses PIO\;ded in the statute.• trict lia· bility adheres. ~ plaintiff is oot !<quiud. in an EPA case, to pfQ'\lt< discriminatory intmt on the part of the defendant Mirtmdoll. 8 &8 c.w. CrocaySJon<. fne., 975 F.2d 1518, 1533 (11th Ci r. 1992). See Mi/chell v. klferWt' Cwnly Rd. of Edue.. 936 I' 2d 539 (11th Cir. 1991). Under this concept of strict liability. the plaintiff may be awarded backpOiy to a paint two years prior to the day on which the lawsuit was filed. 29 U.S.C. §255(a)(19881. An addi. tional amount ~Qual to backpay may be awarded as liquidated damages unless the ~mployer shows that the violation was in good faith. Mi"mda at 1526. Titl. VII Tit le VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1%4 prohibits an employer from discrimi",,\· THE ALABAMA LAWYER

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th~ specific employment practice. The defendant d"". not ha"" th~ burd~n of proving the absence of a discrimilliltory moti"". &ard oITruslees of Keer/Il Siale Coileg<! Ii. Sirernell. 439 U.s. 24. 25 (1978). If Ihe defendant can produce a legiti· mate. nondisc riminatory rea.on. the bu rden shifts to the plaintiff to "prove that the legitimate reason offered was a mue prete ~ t for an illegal moti~e." McDonnell Dougla5 at &J2: Miranda v. B & 8 Cash CrocerV Slam. Inc.. 975 F.2d 1518. 1528 III th Cir. 19921. Although proof of the discrimilliltory motive has b... n held to be critical. "it can in some circumstances be inferred lrom the mell' fact of differences in treatment." 975 F.2d at 1529 quoting I"ter· na118M. of Teamsters v. U.S.. 4JI U.S. 324. 355 n. 15 (\9771.

Di. pa ...t. impact Dispa",te impact cases are predicated on "employment practices that are facially neutral in their tll'atment of diflell'nt groups but that in fact rail moll' harshly on one group than another and cannot be justified b)> business necessity.''" In 1989, the Supreme Court held that a prima facie case of dispa",te impact discrimination was established whm a plain tiff identified a specific or particular emplO)Jment practice that created the disparate impact under attack. Words Cove Packing Co. v. Alrmio. 490 U.S. 642. 6S7 (1989). Onc. a prima fad~ case w"," demonstrated. the plaintiff was required to util ize statistical evidence "of a kind and degree sulfident to show that the practice in question has cawm the exdu· sion of applicants for jobs Or promotions be<;ause 0( their membership in a protected group." Wat$OO1 v. Fortll"Orth &mk & Trw;I. 478 U.S. 977. 994 (1988). The burden of production of evidence then shifted to the defendant to offer a busi~ jll$tification for the alleged practice. The employ.r needed only to show that the employrTl<nt pr.>clice in question !trw<! the legitimate goals of the employ.. fr. Wards Cow, 490 U.S. al 659. The employ.r wos not requi red to show that the practice wos ...sential or indispens· able to the busin.... Id. The burden of persuasion remained with the plaintiff who had to demonstrate that allemati"" business practices existed to aclli~ the sarrn' busine... nds. with less discrimi· natory impart.ld. at 658. If the plaintiff

298 1SEPn ;MIIER 1995

"'""" allie to prove an alternative bll$iness practice and the emplO)il.'r refused to uti. lize it. -.uch a refUSilI would belie a claim 1:1}' Ithe empl<l)"erj that their incumbent practices are being employed lor non-discriminatory reasons." Words Cow. 4~ U.S.at661. In 1991. Congr .... codified IIlO$t of the interpretative requirements that Wordl Cove had held. " but specifically changed the emplOl'er's burden \0 indude bolh production and persuasion. u Although the 1991 amendment. are helpful to plaintifb whose action Ttli ... on disparate impact discrimination. the majority of Titl e VII cases still involve di.parate treatment situations. Relation,hip between Eq ual Pay Act and Till. VII Because se~ual discrimination was tackw on 10 Title VII two days before the Title VII legislation was VQted on. any possible inconsistencies between the EPA and Title VII were not raised until late in the House of Representatives debate over the bill. " To address the cOncern. that were being raised possible inconsi.tencies . Senator Bennett proposed a techniC'll amendment to the Civil Right. Bill which provided "that in the event of oonfiicts. the provisions of the ~;qual Pay Act shall not be nullified." 1l(J CongoRec. 13.647 (1964). The act\llli Bennett Amendment rea<b: It .haIl not be an unl."ful employment p",cti« under this subchapter for any employer to differentiate upon the basis 01 sex in determining the amount of the wage. or compensation paid Or to be paid to employees of such empiO)'er if such differentiation i. authorized b}> the provisions of section 206(d l of tille 29 llhe affirmati"e defenses to the Equal Pay Actl. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(h). Since the 1964 e"",lment of Title VII and the Bennett Amendment, various interpretations ha"" been advanced as to the relationship between Title VII and lhe EPA. In Alexo",/", v. Gordn",-D,,"ver Co., 415 U.S. 36. 46·49 & n. 9 (1974). the Supreme Court held that Title VII was intended \ 0 "supplement. rathe r than supplant. existing laws and institutions relaling to emplO)Jment discrimination" and that "the legislative history of Tille VII manifests a congr... ional intent to

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al low an individual to pursue inclepo:n· denUy his rights under both Title VII and other applicable federal statutes.' 975 r .2d 1518 at 1527. Because the EPA uist ed prior to tllilctment 01 Title VII. the ,imple premise would be that Title VII was intended to supplement the EPA: 1Io\\·....,r. in practice. the interaction of Title VII, the Btnnett Amtndment. and the EPA has been an area oflegal dispute. The Supreme Court addrtS$('d Tit le VII caUSi'S of action brought under the disparate treatment Or intentional ...,.-based ""lile discrimination thoory in the case of

County of Wll$hington v. Gunther. 452 U.S. 161 (1981 ). In that instance. the Court concluded that Congre.. only intendw to incorporate the a(firmati"" defenses from the EPA. not the require· ment of equal pay for equal work. 452 U.S. at 179-180. The Court's rationale Wall based upon its interpretation of the remedial a,peets of Title VII and the Bennett Amendment: that effectively if equal Pill' for equal work w,," the standiord. relief would not be possible, no maller how egregious the discrimination. if there ",.. re not a man in an eQual job.t higher payor if the job in question w"," unique to the company but would have paid more had it been filled b}> a n\an. Id. at 178·179." The Supreme Court cOncluded that -Congress .urely did not intend the Bennett Amendment to insu late such blatantly discriminatory prac ticu from judicial redrus under Title VII." 452 U.S . • 1 179. Although the CUlliher decision clearly incorporated the EPA's affirmative defenses into Title VII s..-based wage discrimination cases. the Court actually fu.led the area of dispute b}> failing to delineate the respecti"" burdens 0( proof lor gender-based wage discrimination under Title VII. Mo>st of the dispute has

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tonCtmN ...i1dher the ilmr.ell Amend· ment incorporatu the EPA's shifting bI.mkn 01 proof or only the four ;t/fil'lTlll' tiYt dtfmsa. Jf only the lour ~l'ITIlItiYt dr~nsotS aft adop:td, Title VII'. "';dm· liary .... rdens remain uno:lw1ged. The import.lnce 01 thil distinction is that ul'ldrr the EPA. the ....rdm 01 proof strictly mruim proying that an employ· ~ IXrformed Jub5tantially similar work is ~n employu 01 the OIlIlOSite gender IOlr Ius P/lY. 111 e burdtn then shifts tOl tho . mplo)'er to O$l.3bli.h ono 01 the four sl.3tutol')' affirmative defe~. Failur. to do so imposes strict liability. Contrarily. the dispuate I.ntment Title VII appro;lCh w... no::u II fairly rt~ mn· dud of .imilui ly bttwun rnalt and ferTlil.-occupitd jobs. but the plaintiff ~ the .... rdm 01 pt'OYing the msteI'IU 01 an inlent to disc:rirni ... tt on the ~ 0Isu. rKt or notional origin. Miranda v. B & B C4s/I G~ Sf,,". Inc., 975 F2d 15]8, 15Zl) (1 ]th Cir. ]992). A distinction olIso exists in tM ar .. 01 "'ailable remedies. Unde r Ihe EPA •• plaintiff need nol exhaust all adminis· trative remedies. may opt intG a cia ... action by giving wrillen roment. may be awanJed b.>c~ D.>ck in lime IG a JlGinl two )'ean prior tG the dale 01 tilt ta...'$Uit filing, UId rmy I'fC(Mr an amount eQual to ~~ all liquidlOled damages unless tho employer shows tillt the violation ....... in good faith. Titl. VII require. ohaustion 01111 administrative remo· dies. lutomlltinlly includu one in I (t.. idion unlas written notiflQltion is prcMded tG the a)Urt. prnnits an ...... rd of b.>clcP/l)' only up to two years beOO a th.lrge of discrimination is filed with tile Equal F.mplOlymtnt Opportunity Commi5.lino. and dots not ha"" • prO'Jision fGr liquidated damagu. t>inally. EPA section 16 Klions permil /I right to jury Irill" whilt Titl. Vlt plaintiffs ""ekini b;sc:kwages ha"" no rijthl to II jul')' triaJ.' Dupite the obvious interpret"li"" conflicts rernoining by Cunlher-~ failure to ~ras ~ tilt traditional Title VI[ method 01 pn)o/ or the shifting burden EPA standud applies 10 disP/irate h'tlltment Titlr Vl I IU-1»sed ..... dis(rimin;otion chi ..... the Supremo Court 1w oot mislted this issue. Miranda. 9;5 t>.2d , I 1528. Th( F.l(v~nth Circuit addros""d the i5.lue of wheat s\,)ndard. shou ld be appli.d 10 intentional suo ba.. d wage disc rimination ca.~. THE ALABAMA LAWVER

broughl under Titl. VII for the lirst timo in Miranda. v. B" B~ Cnxery Store. Inc .. 975 t>.2d I ~ L8 U IIh Ci r. 1992)_ Prior Elaoenth Circuit asts had stipu· lated ill pretriol! as to whal burdens 0( proof and production would bo moIroIlinll-" The Miranda Uft consi,ted of 1...'0 consolidated ap~aJs resulting from II lawsuit filed by Karen Miranda. HOpeVI.. U against II til II Cuh Cnxtl')' St£l1'e. Inc. alleging g~ndtr·bastd discrimination in violalion oITitl~ Vlt and tile EPA. Miran · da abo fi led a claim for intentional inflict inn of emotiGnal dist res> und~r f-Iorida law. A magistrate granted deftn. dant P/lrtial .umnwy judgment on Ille Florida tort IrN and r.PA is>ues on Ille grounds thlt tilt piaintiff failed to ...... \')in her ....rdm of establishing a pri .... fKit tast of ftl'bued discrimin;otion undu th. EPA. After a bmch Iria[ on 1M Till. VII alltplion. lilt magistrate htld that the defendanl had discrim· inated .insl Miranda on Ille bui. 0( h...... and a...."rdtd $52.765.83 in biKk.

P/IY. The P/lrtits crou·opptaled the judg. ments. 975 F.2d ]518 at 1521-15..'>2. The ~rtin(nt fKts 0( 1M case w~r~ theat B&B Cash Crocery Slores. Inc. o~rlled 24 U·Si"" SupennuktlS in ~ Eid1 store', ~t tum (on.i,ted 0( I fGurth manager. thi rd manaQH. assistant .... nagH. UId store rnonager." The normal management pro(lre ...;on ....as from , tod,boy or ba,g boy to thi rd and fou rt h manager. 10 a.,istant manager. tG store manag ... Only lwo women. oolh of whom came up through the cashi.r or head cashier'. position. had aoer b«omt .tore "....nager. Buyers worked out oftht main oif.a in TMrIj)oi. Florida.. £Kept for Miranda. who protruftd from cashier. \0 hud cashier. to non·foods ~ger . to KaJUOIinC UId booklHPina, to invmtory control clerk. to boing one of two gro. "'I')' ~ts. ~I

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being Tmdt • grocer}' buyer. Miranda's ",ial')' Wall r/lised 10 S400 per week. only $34 more th,n ,h. had uroed as an

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1995 / 299

imoentory control d~rk. All ma le bujlt:rs wore paid between $600 and 1650 per "'-"ffk. Between July 19S6 and July 1988. despite requests. Miranda 's salary ,,·as oot ~ quat td to the mal~ buyen. In July 1988. Miranda was informed that B&B could oot offord two groct!)' buyen and that her pOsition would be terminated dfeclive the following ~londay. She was offe red the option oIa head <.Uhier job at $8.00 an hour or ,eferenc.. that $~ had done an oul>tanding job if she coo.., to obtain wo,~ elsewhere. She r..i/lned. The only other female. who was an assis· tant buye, at a salary far below comp'ra· ble male ..sistant hui"'''. w.. notified that her position was being tenninatoo. but she could maintain ber $390 per week salary as an assi.tant offocer manager. At least five males were demoted. but IWr. pennilloo to maintllin their rate 01 p'y. Ei/lht to ten month, after the females· buying positions WEre elimiruted. many e~ecutiws received P'l' raises. including the ",maining I[rOCI'ry buyer "tJO received a $125·per·wffk raise. Miranda filed EPA and Titl. VII daims charging tllat II & II intentionally paid her II'.S$ than male employees who perfonned subotantially 'imilar work. The trial court held that the plaintiff failed to establish a claim under the Equal Pay Act. but that she had proven a Title VII violatioo. 9iS F.2d 1518 at 1525. On appeal, the defen· dant contended that a finding that a plain. tiff has oot presented a prima faci. case of gender·based discrimination under the Equal Pay Act conclwi,.. ly prohibil> a finding of Title VII di5crimination. Id. aI1525·1526. After considering the GUIIlher decision and the legislaliw history of Tille VII and the EPA. Ihe courl concluded thaI Ihe Md)o>meli DooglasJ8urdine approach \<) disparate treatment was the appropriate framework for evaluating Miranda·, claim of teJC· based wage discrimination. Id. at 1528..As. such, the Ekwnth Circuit agreed with the trial court that Miranda had CIIrried her burden of proof for a Title VII prima facie case by establishing that she was f~male (clau) and thai the job she held was similar to higher paying positions held by males. In accordanct with &lrdi"". the -exceWingly light"" burden of producing a legitima!~. non-<liscriminato!)' reason for the pay disparity shift · ed to the deffndant. By demonstrating reasOnS which appeared on the surface 300 / SEl'TEMBER 1995

to be legilimate. the bur&n .hiftoo back to the plaintiff to establish by a prepondera~ of the evidence that the emplOl'tr had a discrimi natory intent. The Ell'Wnth Circuit upheld the trial court ·s finding that B & B·s ""planation was a pretext for gender based discrimination and that the defendant had intentionally discriminated agairut Miranda. 975 1'.2d at 1529·1530. In making its determination. the Eleventh Circuit relied on inferences drawn from circumstantial, rather than direct. evidence to afform the trial court·s firKIing of intentional gender·based wage discrimination under Tille Vll and to reve .... and ",mand the case to the dis· trict court for t rial on the Equal Pay ;ssue. As lhe court held: We belil'W lhat the -direct evi· dence- standard. such as the one adopted by the Fifth Circuit. eviscerates the standard> and burderu for a Title Vll case as set out in &lrdine and McDonnell Douglm .... Incorporating the "di rect evidence" standard would only hrlp dl'Wr, but venal. emplOl"'n who discriminate against women and are not compliant enough to admit it directly. Mo't impOrtantly. it ""Quid shield employen who significantly urKIe,pay ""Qmen but seek to a\."(}id the ""Iuiremenls of the Equal Pay Act by changing the job description in a slight way that d"". not affect the sUMtllnce of the respOnsibili· tits.ld. at 1531. By looking beyond the ·direct evide~· standard suggesttd by the Supreme Court, and adopted by the Fifth and Sevenlh Circuil>.- the Eleventh Circuit followed the more fiexible. and pOSSibly realistic. burden of proof standard in intentional wag. discrimination cases. As. Circuit Judge l>ubina observed in his concurring opinion. "Disparate treatment CII"S do not ordinarily require direcl evidence: indrtd. it almost never exists."Id. at 1536. In following the McDonnell Dooglml Burdine rationale. the Ell'Wnth Circuit. in Mirtmda. effecti,oely placed the risk of nonpmuasion with the plaintiff by hold· ingthat the Title VII burden could besat· isfled by proving either that "a discrim· inatory nason more likely than not motivated [her emplOl"'r[ to p'y her less. or that (the emplOl"'r, explanation is not worthy of belief." Min",da. 975 1'.2d at

1529. TheMinmda holding was mod ifi..d slightly in MNks v. Comfll'ler As.s<xialt5. Inler., 15 F.3d tOI3 (llth Cir. 1994). rely_ ing on the Sup",,,,,, Court·s decision in SI. Marys H()r/(!f Cffiler v. Hicks. _U,," _ , ~ 113 S. CI. 2742. 2749, 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993). Hicks holds that only a finding of intentional disrrimination will satisfy the plaintiffs burden 01 proof under Title VII. Disbelief of the employe"s e~planation may, together with et.",.,nls of the prima lacie case, be sufficient to ,how intentional discrimi· nation. but rejection of the defendant's reaSOnS d""s not compel judgment for the plaintiff as a matler of law. Meeks. 15 F.3d at lOI9 n. I. In summary. by adopting the McDonnell Douglas/Burdine ratiOll/lle in Miran· da, the Eleventh Circuit di.tinguished wage di!<:rimination cases brought under Title VI! and the ErA in t""Q ways. Fint. the Court .,tabli.hed that w,ge·based discrimination claims brought under Title VII should be adjudged under the more rela ~ed standard of similarity betwttn male and female occupied jobs, as opposed to the ,tricter EPA equality pT()\lisions. 975 F2d at 1529. .se., &all II. CurtiS. 603 1-'. Supp. 1563. 158(1 (M.D. Ga.). affd wilhout OIl.. TIS F2d 791 (I11h Cir. 1985). Secondly, the Miranda and Meeks cases clarify that application of the McDonnell Dooglas/8urdine framework to a Title VII claim places the burden 01 persuasion 011 the plaintiff to prow intent to discriminate on the pari 01 the employe. as owosed to the EPA burden on the emplOl"'r 10 establish that Ihe pay differ· ential was premised on a factor other than sex. Ml!f!ks. 15 F.3d al 1019. ~ also EEOC v. RekhhoJd Chi!m., Inc., 988 F.2d 1564. 1570 (11th Cir. 1993}. Thm. is a signiflC/lnt difference betwun the slandard, and burdens lor claims brought under Title VII and the EPA. The interpretation adopt..d and relined by the Ele-oenlh Circuit reHeels the determina· tion made by the ~rity 01 circuits that ha .... addressed the rellltionship belw,,('n the two laws. ZI The es.s..ntial diff..~n<:. is that under the Eleventh Circuit". holding a Title VII sex·based wage discrimination claim may be successful, with or without direct evidence. even when the more stringent EPA 'tIIndards cannot be md. As. such, the Eleventh Circuit. through il> Miranda decision. afforded a Title VII sex·based wag. discrimination case plain. THE AUl.BIIMA Ul.WYER

tiff the broadest breadth {If interpr.tation." Wh.t • ....,r the future outcome of any Supreme Court rescolulioo of the cir· cuit split. the Eleventh Circuit, in Meelrs. 15 P.3d at 102(}, has romment.d on its holding r especting th e retah{lnship betwttn Title \~t and the EPA lhal "ha>Jing reviewed these dedsi()fl$ and the reI. evant Suprenw Court precedent. ".., are convinad thaI our deeisi()ll in Miranda not only binds us on thi' issue but has the addrd merit of being correel " •

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United States District Court, Middle District of Alabama Magistrate Judge Position The Judicial Conference of the United Stales has aulhorized the appointment 01 a fourth fuJHime United Stales Magistrate Judge lor the Middle DistriCt oj Alabama at Montgomery. Alabama. This appointment is for a lull eight-year term beginning upon appointment. The duties of the position are demanding and wide-ranging and will include: (1) conduct of most preliminary proceedings in criminal cases; (2) trial and disposition 01 misdemeanor cases; (3) coodUCI of various pretrial matters and evidentiary proceedings on delegatiofl from the judges of the district court; (4) trial and dispositioo of civil cases upon consent of the litigants; and (5) examination and recommendations to the judges 01 the district court in regard to prisoner petitions and claims for Social Security benefits. The basic jurisdiction 01 the United States Magistrate Judge is specified In 28 U.S.C. §§ 631 at. seq. To be qualified lor appoinlmenl, an applicant muSI: 1. Be a member in good standing of the bar oIlhe highest court of the state in which the magistrate judge is appointed. A nominee must have been. fOf at least live years. a member in good standing 01 the bar of the highest court 01 a state. the DistriCt 01 Columbia. the Commonwealth 01 Puerto Rico. or the Virgin Islands 01 the United States;

2. Have bean engaged in the active practice of law !of a periOd of at teast five (5) years (with some subs~tutes authoriled); 3. Be competant to perform all the duties of the office; be 01 good moral character; be emotionally stable and mature: be committed to equal justice under the law; be in good health; be patiant and courteous; and be capable 01deliberation and decisrveness; 4 . Be less than 70 years old; and

5. Not be related to a judge of the District Court. A merit selection panel composed of attorneys and other members of the communil)l will review all applicants and recommend to the judges of the District Court. In confidence. the live persons whom ~ considers best qualified. The Coun will make the appointment, fotlowing an FBI and IRS investigation 01 the appointee. An affirmative eftort win be made to give due consideration to all qualified candidates. Including women and members 01 minority groups. The salary 01 the position is $t22.5OO per annum. Further information on the Magistrate Judge's Court:

pos~ion

may be obtained from the cieri< of the DistriCt

Thomas C. Csver, Clerk

Unlled SIatel Diltrict Court

P.O. Box 711 Montgomery. Alabama 36101-()711 (334) 223-7308 Applications may be obtained from and must be submitted 10 Thomas C. Caver. Cieri<. 00 or betore September 29.1995. 34» I SEI"TEMB[R 1995

THE AUBA.'ItA

~\VYER

Kids' Chance Golf

he tirSl annual Kids' Chance Golf Scramble was held during lhII 1996 Annual Meet.-.glo benefillhll Kids' Chance &hoIar· shiP Food 0""""" Valley, 8 COllfSOl 00 the Raben Trenl Jones Go" Trail, was the site 01 the to<Knarr>en1. St,Iy..:lOll QOIfers competed in the tournament. Steve Brown 01 Birmingham. the WOtt,· om' C<:mpens.alion SecbOn chair . thanl<&d all parllcipants r", coming out and Ihanked the tournamenl sponsors fo< I!le1r support The too,nam&n1 raised a net 01 $8,700 10 help proYide SCIlOIars/1Jps few young people who nave had a parent killed 01 p&rmanenlly and totally dIsabled In 8Il on.1tl&-jOO IlCCk!eo1. Kids' Chance was estat>. Iished by the WO<I<ers' CompensarlOO Secuon in 1992 aoo .. adrTUnlstared by the Alabama Law Fo<.ldation. Twooly students will be rec8lWlg $28,(0)'" scholarshIps to< t!'le 1995-96 schc::<:O year The schoIarsl1<p' are lor college and lechnical school.

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longtlSl Drive: .111 Smith Longest Am: Ooug ...,£1.....

THE AlABAMA LAWVER

SEPTEMBER I!l9S I 303

Jl1e Nuts and Bolts of Civil Appeals 8g Dtzboroh .4J1~ Smith ond ~ Pilt£ Chambers

n order 10 prOlKI your ditnU~· quately during ~ OIppel!;ott ~ you must have .. ~ic unde .. tM!dinll of the ruin .egarding filint ~nd liming of ~ppul,. While tllue is no substitute lor ruding and ~udying tm ~IN Rulu of Ai!lxllitt Pmctdun. tht foIkM..... is ~ summary of _ of the basic ",It$ ~ probltms 1t1ld to arUt.

Pwt~ '. AI I . . . . . . . . . . . Tho first iMue th.lt one confrontl in seeking appellate

is whether the filing of post-judSment motions is n«eJSal'jl or desirable. The n!Janet! of raoIving that ilwe IU bf)'ond tile ICopt of this article. HQ.."",. e1'. this question m..u always be cvaluat_ .d be:uust in JOmt circumstances i pOSt-judgmrnt motion is l"O«ffQ.ry in onltr to presetW ~ is.sw lor lIppt.aI. ~, e.g.. lIade II. I'rldmort. 361 So. 2d 511 (ALL 1978Hmotion \0 KI lSide clefi,,11 judgment musl be: fikd ~ ilJll)Uling miry of drilul! iudimtnlj. Motions for jllOl'. for MW lrial and to alttr or amend Iht judgment must be: filed within 30 0( the entry of judg. menl Enlf)' of jUllgmmt means the nota· tioo of the judgment on the docket sheet I"(Vitw

wys

304 /SEI'TEMBER 1995

or the filing 011 stparalt judgment o. ordtr. Ala. R. tiv. P. 58(el. Judgomnt is not ~lways tntutd on the day the ~r· diet is rdumtd. Tht court ~ ... ndrr judammt by Ifl)Il"lIte ordtr or MII"IOIIIIU the .iudgmtnt from the btnch. but tM date thai bo~n$ the ""nning 01 the 30 days for filing poit·judgmmt motions iJ UK datt the judgment is mlertd. Post· judgmtnt ;ntUtJt don not brgin to acc""e nor dou UK time period for fil· ing post-judgment motion> begin lo""n until the judgomnt is entntd.

1)1"

.It~, n of pod-joodcwrt IIIOtIooa: Undtr Rult 59.1. Ala. R. Civ. P.• the trial court hu90 days from the ditt tho postjudgment motions life filtd to ""le on tho motions. If the 90 days eJpiu and the trial C(lurt hu failtd to rult, the motioN lOU deemed dtnitd by oprration 0I1nr.1""'T\'f' . the 9IkIlIy period ~ be atendtd with the uprus consent of all the partif:$. Tht <;Onstnt must lIPPtlI. of record. and it must be enltrtd belou tho fXl)il"lltion 01 the original 9O-da}> period. The: 9O-day period also may be c:ttnd. ell by the appellate cou . t to which an appeal of the judgment would lie. Mult 59.1 appliel onl~ 10 post-judg-

ment moti<lru filed purruant to rule 50 ii.n.o.v.).52 (to lomnd finding. of fact in non-jury caus). 55 1\0 Ht aside a d.fault). or 59 (nrw trial or to alter or amtnd the iuo.\immt). It does not lIpp/y to Rule 60 motion!;, nor don il lIpp/y to rule 50 motions for judgrntnt in a.ccordinct with" motion for diruud ~rdict whm no \l!rdkt is rdumtd (i .......torn there is a mistrial)_ SH f'N>r.wn tJ. Pierson. 347 So. 2d 9as (All. 19m. 1"1_ for appe.aI: Centrally, the appellant hal 42 days from the entry of judg_ omnt in whkh 10 apptal. However, appeal must be ptl'ftcttd within 14 days in ca.a irwolving (I) inttrlocuto.y Ofdrrs grant· ing. continuiflll, modifyina. ... fU$ing Or dissolving an il\iunction, or rr fU$ing to dilSOl~ or modify In injunction; m intfrlocutOl')' ordtn ~til\lil or rtfus.. ina: to olppOint I uaMr, (31 interlocutory ordtn dtkrminirC tho ~ to public off"ltt; and (~I judgmmll in actiom for tilt validation of public obliga.tions.. Stt All. R. Aw. P. 4(1'. Timely filinll of lO notice of appeal with the tri.1 court il the aot that confers jurisdiction on the appellate court. If notice of appeal i$ not timely fiI~. the

THE AU\8AMA LAWYER

ip~II'I. courl liCks jurisdiction 10 conlidt . tht appul, no maltu how m.rilorioul il mo.y lit, and 1M appul must lit dismisstd. Set fhlvdm u. Har· ris. 437 So. 2d 1283 (AI ... 1983) (lim. limil for filing notia: of awul is jurildictiOO/iI. it cannot be waioW. nor is it subjoct to esl,nslon of limo by al/r ••. mont 01 tilt partin or order c1IM apptl . 1001. rourt.); Al:.. R. App. P. 2 (aHI) ("An appal shall bo dismisstd if tilt noli« 01 appaI.- not timoly filed 10 imookt tht jurisdiction of lho iPPtllatt court.1 The noIia: 01 appeal musl lit rKtiwd and filtd in by Iht elm 01 tho lriol court wilhin Ih. lirm for appeal in ord.r to properly perf.el Ih. appeal. Th. prOlli· sions 01 tM appellale rules conctming Kl'Vict by "",I do NOT apply 10 tho noli« of a~al. Thus. dtpositing • nolie. of appoI in tht mail is insufflCitnl 10 con· stilut. filing ",ilh tht t~ court. AI/JbQ.. moo Nnlialid ~ ... PwJpi4 557 So. 2d 1281 (A.b.. Civ. App. 19901 (ltrvic:. by ctrtif.ed "",I applin only to filings in an app.lIalt court: appellant's notice of appeal Itnt tQ circuil CQurt by a:rtifi.d mail was nol timoly m . dl. Facsimil. transmission of a notie. of appeal also dots nol corutilult filii'll! tht noIiet 01 iPPtll with tht circuit rourt. Ez part. Thd, 622 So. 2d 9'29 (Ab. 1993). Rule 77(d}. Ali. R. Civ. p~ ptnnits Iht lriol court to alend tho time for tWlIlI an apptal upon a """'ing 01 tJ<CUS.lblt ntgltct in !lilil'll! IQ I.~m oI tht tnl')' of 1M judgment. This rul. may bo uliliud wlltn a party dou not rective notie. of Ih. tnlry of judgment. flowevtr, Iht appeal time may lit ut.nded no more tho.n 30 ~. Lindstrom p • .kJnn, 603 So. 2d 960 tAb. 1992). Rule ntd) does noI ptnnit tht lrilol court 10 utend tht time Kw appal for any roson othtr than bilu~ 10 lum 01 t11lry.,( tilt judgment. Cre,lstOOll CIou v. Fidelilg" Cmmmtg 1m. Co .. I~\s. 19-4(15.14 & 19-10564 July M. 19951 _ So. 2d _ (Ala. 1995) (appeal dismissed because "Iiligan!"s mis· CIOlcutation of time for filing notict 01

1IlPU1. no matt.. how inno<:t11t or ....,.. I~nd~bl,.

i$ not Ihe kind of n.,lect

c:xcwed undtr n(d) and tho lrill court was without Iho poI<o~r 10 Ir~nl ..• an uttnsion c1lime tQ ... appu.l") . If timtlN posl ·judgrmnl motions ... filed porsuanttQ Ruli'$ 50 (j.n.Q.v.), S2 (to ormnd findings of facl in "",,·jury UK). 55 (10 Itt asidt a default). or 59 (now

TIlE ALABAMA lAWYER

trilol or to alit. or ammd tM judgmtnU. tho ..."...t lime II ~ and bogins to run mno' from tht date .,( di ...... ilioo of tho pOSl judgrmnl motions. Su Ali. R. Aw. P. 4. If Iht post.judgment motions are not timely filed, howtvtr, lhe lime for appeal i$ not toll.d and will.xpire 42 day> after 1m, onl')' of judgm.nt. PaN"" ... CilN 01 Alhens. 607 So. 2d 292 (Ala. Civ. App. 1992). If timely post·judgmenl motions au filed and thoy IU deemed deni", by optrllion of Rult 59.1. tht appeal lime bogi'" to run from tho 90th day, own if tho lriol court littr onlors in order purpOrting to dispose of the motions. Su Wood v. Benedictine Soc'll 01 Ala., Inc.. (Ala. 1988) (42 day ap~al time began to run on dale lhat m<.>Iion was don;.d by operation of rule 59.1 nih .. thin from court' s subsequent orde. PUrportilllllo rule on motion). If a timely noIiu 01 apprlll is fik-d by 0'" party. any olher party may fil. a noIie. of ~pu.l wilhin 14 day> of lhal notie. or with,n tho original appal time. "'-hieko\>er II bottT. A!.o. R. Aw. P. 4(&1(2). Tht ~ppell.o may nol rlise any ;.,u., difftrenl from lhose raised by the apptl· bonl. unlw ht has filed a CI'QU appeal. A CfQl.S oppuJ roquiru 1M filing 01 tho same d<!c:umenlJ a.s lIny OIhtr "pptal. and tht dodItting lee Ibo must lit paid.

bet11altemt substantiall)l by subitqUt11l n.a]inil' on post·judgment motions. In such a a l t. the aPl"'II.., ~ mow 10 dismiss Ih. appeal. Th. ~pelllnl CIOn respond and Sialt whtther lI]>p.lIll. rt"\Iitw it ,till sought on some aspect 01 tho ClOst. Th. appi'lIanl can ~mtnd the noIie. of lppeal wilhin 42 days afttr tM disposition .,( tho last motion. The llwel· lanl should notify Ih. lppelliit court ckrk when Iht iPPtllant disccMn lhal the notiu of appeal i. bting htld in ~t or has bftn Mid in ~ under Rule 4(1)(5).

m.:

""h.t to The notice ofappeal must Jpecily the parly or partin taking the lppeal, muSI specify tho judgment or orller Ol;>!>tiled from and must namt lilt court 10 which Iht appul is linn. The duig~tion <Jf lilt judgmenl or o.d •• appu.ltd from does noI limit tht Kopt <Jf iPPtlw.e -'tw. Further. de$ignMion oIlht wrong awtlbtt court is Iteated is • ckric.al mistake and may bo comcted actordingly. Ala. R. App. P. 3(c) . Th. appellalt court. "'ithin il.'l diKrtlion and consid.ring any prejudiu to tilt ad\ll't'St

EFftd of Ippr.1s lab n durio, tho pO$t.judgmrn l mot ion tim. period: Prior tQ February I. 1994. filing a notiu of appeal bofoT. 1M di5PO'ition of on.'s own po$l·judgment molions would WQrk as a wai\ll'r"( tM posl.judgment rnQ!ion and pouibly tilt lou 01 urtain issuts for .pptl1atr rtvitw. 5/a/1I Farm Mutual Automobile IrlSUTfmC"II Co. o. RoMiru, 541 So. 2d 4n tAb. 1989). n.. ~nd· "' rules provide tIw II notie. of appeal which II filed aft., tilt annouroctmenl cia decllion or order bul btlore tho t111')' of tht judg.... nt Or order shall bt Irtal· ed as filed an ... but on the 111m. date as, tht QrIltr it tntt ud. Ala. R. App. P. 4(aj(4}. If noti« oIappul II filed after tho mlry.,( tho jud,grnt11t. but bdort tilt disposition d .. 11 post.judgmtnt motions. tht notia: is htld in ~ unlilllil pOSl.judgmrnt motions ut ruled Up<!FL The notiu d Ippeal btcomes tff.dive upon the diolt <Jf dilpo$ition .,( the lasl 01 all SlICh mOOons. Ala. R. App. P. 4(a}(5). This "abeyanct" proct dure could rt$ull in an appeal from I judgmenl lhat has

SEPTEMBER 1995 / 305

parly, al:lO may treat the naming of the appealing party incorrectly as a clerical mistake and allow th~ .. al party to be substituted, even if the motion to substitute is filed oul>ide the 42 day appeal period. S •• Alabllma SllIte Tenure Comm'n v. Singlelon. 475 So. 2d 186

(Ala. 19851. Security rOT costs on qppeal (Ala. R. App. P. 71. an appel/ate docketing stole· ment (Ala. R. App. P. 3(e1l, and the $100 docAvting fee (Ala. R. Aw. P. 12(aH 'hould be file<! with the notice of appeal. A sufficient number of copies must be filed to allow the clerk of the trial court to se",~ the clerk of the appellate court. the court reporter . and counsd of record for ~ach party to the appeal (or the parties themselves, if p(o se ). Although the trial court cle rk musL se"'~ a copy of the notice of appeal on all parties. Ala. R. App. P 3(dHlI now requires that the appellant abo .erv. copies of the notice of appeal..!)n all a"'.. rse partie,!. The primary purpose of the notice provision is to pre,.. nt the 14·day cross· appeal period from run· ning Ixf<.>re other parties leam of the fiI· ing of the notice of appeal. Designation of Ihe record on appeal - Within seven days of filing the ootice of appeal the appellant must file with the clerk of the trial court and lerv. on appellee a written designation of the por· tion, of the de.k·, rec<.>rd which should be included in the record on "pp.. 1. Ala. It App. P. lO(bHII. 11 the appeal i, from a summary judgment. the appellant must designate any depositions whkh are to be included in the record. If I.., th.ln all of tr.e record is designated. the aPl'tllant also must serw a statement of the i"u<s he in tends to present on appu l. The appellee then ha, seven days from service of the designation to

file and serw a designation of any addi· tional portions of the rtCOrd he d.~ms nece>sary. Transcripl purchaw order - A tran · >cript DUrchase order also must Ix completed and distributed and the • stimated c:Q$t of the tran>cript paid to the court reporter within seven days of filing the notice of appeal. Ala. R. App. p, 10{b)(2), Again. if a transcript of leu than all of the proceedings i, ordered .• statement of the issues to be raised On appeal also must be seroed on the appellee. On the,day the transcript purchas. order-;"s r.·ceived. th court reporler must complete the portion of the order form certifying reai!>t of the estimated cost. The appell •• has $even days (rom service of the transcript purchase ? rder to designate any additional portions of the proceedings that he dee"., nece$S.ilry and to pay the reporter the estimate<! =1> of those portions. At any time. the appellee may apply to the trial court for an order requiring th.lt the appellant reimbur$e the appellee for any Or all of the payment made to the court report ... If the testimony presented to the trial court "'... not transcribed, an effort must be made to supply a statement of the evidence pursuant to Ala. R. App. P. !o or there is oothing to review on appeal. Rule 10 provides two mechanisms for mating a record 01 the e>'idmce present· ed. SubdjyjsiOfl (d) permits the appellant to prepare a .tatement of the evidence from the best available means. including the altomefs recollection. The $\aternomt must be served on the appellee within sewn da)'S aIIer the filing of the notice of aweal. The appellee has seven days to $eM' objections or pl'QPO$l' amendmen!$. afte. which time the statement and objections Or amendments must be sub·

FACSlMtLE

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ANNA LEE GIATTINA Ar mINEI" M£M8ElI OF AIAI!A.\\A IWt SlhCE 1\1117

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Tht I'!... s..i~ ...... Macr>ol .. Of..., """ s.... 2t 8 • 21t 2 E.. V<fI,h AV<1Iot SooJo h B;m,nrNM. Alobo ... JllOS

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306 1 SEPTE~1BER 1995

milled to the trial court for app,O\"1. The ,tatement must then be f,led and included by the clerk of the trial court in the record on appeal. Subdi,;,;on (e) differs from subdivision Id) in lhat the parties .:\lIree on the statement prior to approval by the trial court . A party desiring to appeal when the ai· dence was oot transcribed is. as a practi· cal maller, at the mercy of the trial court and the opposing party. It is unlikely that either the opposing party Or the trial court will approve. statement of the evi· dena th.lt do... not support the judg· menl entered. Thus. it always is adl,isable to see that a court reporter is present to record the proceedings. Failure 10 timely file the security for co>ts, a docketing statement. a designation of the record or a transcript pur· chase order is oot a jurisdictional defecl. How"·er. the appeal may be dismissed if any deficiency in Ihi. regard i. not corrected. See Holt v. Stale. 361 So.2d 348 (Ala. 1978). Failure to file a docket· ing ,tatement also may Ix t...ted as contempt of court. Moreover, it i, the appellant's responsibility to see thai the record il prepared and med in a timely manne •• and the appeal may be dis· missed if the appellant does oot do so. See Ala. It Apr. P. 12 (cl (-Oismi$S.il1 for failure of appellant to cause timely completion of record-I. Note: The A~lIate Oocketing State· menl (Porm ARAP 24 or 25) and the Tran>cript Purchase O. der (Form ARAP lA) may be obtained from the circuit court clerk's office 0' the AdminiSl,..ti,~ OlTon: of Courts. A printed Notice of Appeal fono (Form ARAp·l) also is available. which form incorporates the notice of appeal. s«urity for CO$ts. designation of the record and supe.sede... bond. Pnpantlon of the reeonI: The rules

Richard Wilson & Associates Registered Profess io nal Court Reporters 804 S. !'elry St,eet Montgomery, ... Iabama 36104

264-6433 THEAlABA.'1A U'.\\'YER

allow I~ lrial ~Otlrt d .. k 28 <b.ys to ;uxmbl. IIw d.rk', rKOrd, The cltrk's ..cord ineludu the dockrl .n lr i.o, pludings ~ exhibiu 10 IIw txtenl des· iiNlfd by the ~rtiu, TIlt de'" must me I certifiClte of completion of the cklir's rKOrd wolhin 28 days of the fil· il\ll of the notic. of "ppul, unloss the lime poriod il tIIltndtd by orcl.. of the Irial court, The Irial court may grant only two seven·d.:Il' utensions for COm· pletion of the cler k's record. Further txtemioru musl be 5O!Jght in the appel· late court, The court r.porler must complete and fik ~ onIered portion!. 01 the transcript 0I11w proemi.". within 56 days of lhe filing of lhe notice of appeal. TIlt trilll court may grant up 10 four KWn· ~ extensiom for completion of Ihe tnnKript, Furt/wr tIItmsioru must be oought from the ~llat. court. Th. clerk t hen hu S.ven day. to compile the record on appeal. cons"'ting of the clerk's rtcord and the report.r'S tranKripl (if a transcripl was o,de r.d). The clerk'. filing in tht appel_ late court of . Certificate of Completion of Rtcord on Appeal begins the briefing scMdul., TbI-a: Rule 11(1113), Ala. R.App. p. ~im that lhe ckrk malee the rtCOrd Mlilable to lhe ~rtiu for pff1>ilration

of thoir briefl, The neon! should be ..tri","" from tho ckrk'i office in i limo:· Iy nwlrorr ;al\rr rKriYing the «rtifocat• of completion, ..d COI.IfIHI should ~ tho rKOnIloI soon 101 pouibIr ilW roniving it. If somtlhil\ll is Itft out. tho ~r· ties rl'IiJ' stipulate what action should be Iikrn 10 0Jmd or ~,ue, ~ the TtOlni H",,~r. if the ~rtiu cannot iIIrtt, the appellanl ~ only [4 days from tho datt of Iht ctrtir~i1t of completion of th o record on awrtl in which lofile a motion with the.Jri~1 co~rt to supplement or corrtcl tht rtC(Ird on appeal. The appel. Itt has only 14 days from the filing of appellant's brotf 10 file such a motion. The record omoy be supplemen ttd 10 include only IhoM omotluo 11\101 or;gi . nally wtn duigNlfd by IIw ~rta. All. R. App.. P. 10(1)("j( ~Ited or otftmI eviden« thit il ONteoW to ~ issue on :rppul is omiufd from the ncord aIIer

s...

"";ng duignalion for

~Iusion

as re-

quiTl'd in Nul, I()(b) .. ," motion to sup-

plement or correct the neord may II. filed), 11 I motion to supplement wilh portions o(lhe transcript is filtd, I copy of Ihe original transcript purchase order

mwt lit iUich(d to dtmorutTllte tl\lOt !host portions wen drtigNlfd to be in·

cluded in the record If no::t rulocl upon 11t tho triil court wilhin 14 days, ~ motion IoIUJIPlement is dttmtd oImied, With· ;n st\'tn days of the dotnial 011 motion 10 Illppkrrwnt lor the date it is dottmtd donied). tht diwoliJrltd ~rty rl'IiJ' Ittk nlief in the ipptllate court. The running of th. time for filing briefs is ooltolltd during Ihe pendency of a ml)lioo to lupplomcnl or during the time period a lupplemenlal record i. beil1ll pnpai'td, unlo!!s lho appellate court so orden on motion of a party or on its (M'n ini~, SttAla. II. App. p, 100f)II). Exhibiu that CiJlOOI. be copied may lit Knl 10 the Ippellale court in I sepa.rate conwrorr or they simply may be rtftmd lo;n IIw nwrd Ii,•. Pbinlifl"l f'Xhibit Z wu incapable of lItine copiodl, If (Mr· sixd ahibits wen ofI'trtd into ",;don« ...,d either party would like lhe court 10 ste thOst exhibits, h. should conside r filing A motion 10 subllitult a regular siztd COpy of IIw tIIhibit 10 be indudtd in Ihe record. That mOl ion ohould be filtd ...ith tho trial court Wore tht derk's

..-O:*go_. _--.. _ _ .-HI.

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record is completed. If necessary. a motion to h,we the original exhibit transmilled to the court may b. filed with the appellate court. Ala. R. App. P. 13. Within 14 <bys of the filing of the certificate of completion of Ihe record on apPl'al, the appellant must file with the derlt of the appellate court. a cop)' of the entire record. The appellant is responSible for ordering and pa)'ing for Ihe second COp)l of the record. Howe""r. you ,hould always check with the clerk of the trial court about the second copy. In some circuits. the clerk will make the second COpy and send it to the appellale court. In olher circuits. Ihe appellant must arrange for the copy 10 be made ""d $tt lhat it i, delivered to Ih. derk of Ih. appellate courL Security: How do you protect your client during Ihe pendency of po't-trial motions or appeal? Rule 62, Ala. R. Civ. P.. provide. an automatic stay of execution for 30 days after the entT}' of judgment in IllO't circumstances. Stt Ala. R. Civ. P. 62 (a/ (thuutomatic stay dc>os not apply in some circumstances, such as actions for injunctions and in rec.i'~r_ 'hip actionsl. tl{M'"""r. if a p;lrty i, con-

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cemed that lhe judgment may brcome uncoti<ctibl. or the ,tatus QUO may \)e altered in some other nspect du ring the 30 days, he may s«k reHef from Ihe trial court. Rule 62 oll{M'S e"",ution 10 i$Sue and proc«dings to ~ commenced to enforce th~ judgment during the 3{). day period "by order of the court for good cause shown: Stt Ala. Code 8 69_22 ("uecution may be i$Suid by Irave of the court before the time prescriNd in the Alabama Rule. of Civil Procedure for i$Suing of executions. the plainti//. his agent Or attorney showing s\off!!,ienl cause thenfor ,by affidlvit1: Ab. Codeft 6-9·23 ("on affidavit being nuode and filod lhat lhe defendant inbout fmudulently to di,pose 01 or remo"e hi.prope,r!Y and that the piaintiff will probably lose his debt. the cluk or regisler must issue execution agai~the properly of the defendlnl. ") The automatic stay •• pires after 30 days. bul Rule 62(b) allows 1M trial court ;n its discretion to stay ",,<cution during the pendency of the post-judgment motions "on such conditions for the security of the adlterst party M are proper." Thus. the appell.., may request that the court requi .. that a bond be pO.Ited Or some other security be provided as a condition of granting a stay. Once the post-judgment motions are overruled. a supn..deas bond in the amount of 125 percent of the judgment (ISO po"ent if the judgment is $10.000 Or lessl is required in order to stay ..ecution while Ihe case is on appeal. Ala. R. Civ. P. 62(d): Ala. R. App. p, 8. The . tay is effectin upon approval of the bond by the clerk of the trial court. LaiH1oculory Appaia: Ala. R. App. P.

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4117 2ND AVENUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM, Al 35222 800-638-4833 205-591-4747 FAX 591-IIOB 30S I SEPTEM8ER 1995

under certain limited circumstance,. In order to file a Pl'tition for permission to appeal, the trial court must certil» the interlocutoT}' order. The trial court', certification must Slate thaI in the Opinion of the Irial court the order inw)lves a conlrolling question of law M to which there is substantial ground lor difference of opinion. that an immediate apptal from the order ,,"'OUld materially advance the ultimate termil'llltion of the litigation and that an appeal ,,"'OUld avoid protracted and .xpen,i"" litigation. The petition for permi$Sion to appeal must be filed in

the supreme court within 14 days aft.r the entT}' of the inlerlocutoT}' order. A $SO docketing fe. must be filed with the petition. If permission to appeal is granted. the case proceeds in the same manner as any other appeal , The pelitioner (now the appellanl) must file security for costs. a docketing state1TH'nl and an additional SSO <Iocl<fting Itt with the supmne court. A notice of appeal need not be flied Appeals of interioculoT}' orders are lim· itid to thas< ci"iI case, which are with in the original jurisdiction of Ihe supreme court. InterloculoT}' appeals cannot be filtd in the court of civil.ppeal •.

Brief" The filing of Ihe certificate of completion of Ihe record on appeal by Ihe lrial court clerk begins the brfefing schtdule. The appellant has 28 days within which to file hi. initial briel. the appellee has 21 days within which 10 respond. and the appellant then has 14 days within which to file a reply brief. Both Ihe appellant and the appellee can obtain one sewn-day e~lension. If the appellant is granttd an extension for filing his prin· clp;ll brief. he cannot obtain an e~ten sion for filing his repl~ brief. " E~traordina1)' good cause " must be shown to obtain additional e. tensions.

Oeflectlon: A~. Code 8 12-2-7 permits the supreme court to transfer or "deflect" certain cases within its jurisdiction to Ihe court of civil appeals. The supreme court;.annot tmrufer caMS pre'wnting a .u"'tantial question of federal Or .tate constitutional law. cases invol~ing a nO\-~1 legal Question. utility rate cases. bond validation cases or Alabama State Bar disciplinary proceedings. Cases that the supreme court can transfer include (l) cases involving an amount 01 controversy of SSO.()()() or less. regardless of the basis of the claim appealed: (2) case. in which the dispO.Iitive legal i$Sue turns on pO.Il-judgmenl enforcemenl procedure.. including garnishments and •• ecUliom: cases in ",hich the dispositi"" legal issue lurns on commercial contract I.w: and cases in which the dispositive legal issue turns on real property law. lit. the number of appeals increases OWT}' )",aT. the .upreme court likely will denect mo .. and mOre cases. p;lrticularly given the increase in the number of judges on Ihe court of civil ilppe31s. Th",. if a case falls "'ithin one of the catel/Orie. THE AlAlIA"'" LAWYER

to Ix comKkrld

for tnllufer ilOd the ilP'" pttl...,t or ~P!)enn Ixlio:vu il $houtd not Ix Innsfernd. the reUOf!S should Ix futly Ht forth on the docketing .....te~~

'tlillolli rK writ .r certiorari: In or<:kr 10 ~ a aM in lhe prOll"r p0sture to filt I petition for ..·ril <J ctrtionri in the AW!amlo SUprtml: Court. an &Wlication lor rthoaring musl be m.d in the court <J civil Ipptals. Decisions of the court of civil apptals may be m>iewed by cutiorar; only afler tho co url of appeals has OYtrruled an application for rthoaring di rected to the iuue or deci· sion with rtSptcl lo which tilt petition· er complain •. Authority must be cited in tho applic~tion for .. hearing or the • ppliut ion will bt di.misud ilnd no review by certiorari will lit avaibblt. (Artiomi rMtw illimited to the rxu SOted in tilt. opinion oIlhe court 01 civil ~iI. If tM pttitionrr is diUlltisfled with the flc:ts staled in the Opinion. he mUJI filt wilh hi. applicalion for nhear· ing i motion to add or comct on rehear· ing the fie" stated in the opinion. Ala. R. App. p. mk). '1"Iw! (".Q<lrt (J( civil appeal> 1llTt!)' II<liU or (()fTtC\S any facts in its Opin· ions. but Ihi. is a nectsu!)' $lep for cu· tiorari review. If tht court &.ill 10 iCCedt to tho nquosI 10 add Or corrtd bets. ~ CO\'IlI of motion 10;odd or oomd fiCIS must Ix included in tho ""tition for writ 01 tertiorari med with the lUp«mt court. This is neas· $111)1 bea\lH the record is not I"""milted 10 Iht sup remt courl unltu tht ""tilion isgr&nled. Tho supremt cou,,·s review illimiltd to lhou fiets SOted in lilt opinion of the court of civil appeals and the motion to add Or correct f<lets. f'ailurt to comp ly with th is rule pre· vents rMew l7)' the ,upume court. E.x parli! Sa"" Our SlrlUrTU. Inc.• 54 1 So. 2d 549 (Ala. 1989). Tho petition for wril <J ctrtOOri must be f.1td with the SupnlTlO Court <J AIaboma within 14 days afttr 1M denial 01 the awiiation for uho~ring.~. R. App. P. 39(1). flilurt to file within the time pori. od roqUiTO. di.miual 01 tho pt"liIion . .4n;"mdo r. StOlt. 268 All. 293. lOS So. 2d 865 (19581. A docketing fre in tht amount <J SSG must II«(Imp.vl)' the peti. lion. Although the rulu itat. that the brief .hall <leCOmpany the petition for writ of ctrtior3fi. a K>"'n.day extension for fil ing the brief may be obtai~. but THE AUl.IIAMA U.\VYf:R

the court cannot gnnt an ntelUion for foling the petition i!Hl/. Mmly rrliling the wme brid' filld in 1M court 01 civil app:ab is in$UlfocimL Bland II. StOll. Ala. 4. t6650. 2d 73S (19641. Co. The petition mUil SOle the $ty\e oIthe aM. tilt. nIImt of lilt. pdiliOlltT. IN cir. cuit court from which the aUH i. on appt~. the oourt 01 ~Is 10 which the pttition for «rtOOri is directtd. the dale

01 the dKision sought 10 be rMt-..~ and the dille oItht qrdtr (Mrrul ing tht """IiaHon fll' rehearing. The petition also must contain a condH stalement of the grounds upon whklJ the pttition is ba$ed. A copy of the Opinion of Ihe court of apptal. mUSI Ix attached to the ptlition. Ala.. R. App. P. 39(dl. Only fM ,rounds will suwort ~ pm. lion for wril 01 «rtiarari. They an: (I) the dtci.ion hekl wolid Or i"""lid ~ city onlilWU. a Slatt SIIIult. ~ ftdtBI sbluk or treaty. or OJNInIld a controlling pro1Iisian of 1M ~"'" or fedenl Consti. tution; (2) the dtcision affecb a cbs. of constitulional. itate or count~ officers: (3) the decllion involves a material issue of fint imprtssion in this ltate: (4) the

<kcWon i, in (On/\ict with prior <kcisioru <J 1M United SUtts Supnml: Court. tho: Alabamlo Supnmt Court or the Alibarna (5) lilt pditioner _ks 10 haw controlling supmne court QSt:I CM,ruled. which QKI ~n fol· lowed by the court 0I~1' If ground (4) il rdied upon. tM petition must quOIe that part of tho: opinion of the court of lWUls and th.J,t part of the opinion of the prior decision th.J,1 the pttitiOfltr conttnds are in connici Or the petitioner musistatt with pa.rticularit~ wherein tht o.\ecisions connic!. Wi thin 14 days of the filing of Ihe ""tition. the mpon<knt may fil. an ini· tial rtply britf limiled 5OIt1y 10 lho issue 01 whethor ;Ill)' <J tho grounds HI forth in Rult 39ltl support Ih. iNuane. 01 Ihe wril of cution.i. If tht writ I. issued. tht. rtspondtnl may filt .. rtpIy brirf addrwing tho ,ubstanli'lt" Wutl prutnted for review within It <,\a;ys afttr the writ ~ b«n iNued. Petitioo.r may file I r.$POruM brirfwithin 14 days of rtctipl of respondent's brief. AI". R. Aw. I'. 39(fJ. •

roulti of appols:: or

Look:in.g F o r

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We c an h e lpl Ca ll th e for e n s ic accoun l anl s a nd fraud exa mine r s .

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205-716-7000 S~; p'n;MBER

1995 / 309

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Below" 0 cUlTenl tkling 04 p!.IbIic In'orma llon boochUles ayoilobkl hom the ... Ioboma Stole 600 lor dktribution by local bar a ..ociollom. undeo ....,abliID<.>d guldel;......

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3 IO lS EI'n;MBER 1995

TilE ALABAMA LAWYER

YOUNG LAWYERS' SECTION By Alfred F Smith, Jr.

oney, mont}'. monty." T h~t ;$ hQW a rrcent hn.inll btfort a fedt ...1

judge began. lIefort tithtr attorney rod begun to ~~k. 1M ntnrmd judge cried out from the btoch, "Morwy, 1TIOIW:)'.!nOI'>tYif [~to hear !hi. moIion. somtOne is IlOinlI to ~ m(:I(\t)'." The~. oIMoJus.. ly upSott .nth the auomeyf rtpUttd dis· c~ry dispulu, g;o~ notke (,om tlw start t~t Iv thouthl the motion could and ohoutd be ruolffil by IIv lUomeys ,.,ithout tht Court'l inyo1~mtnt. ~

pro{ts$ion. Auuch, I 1It1i..... more 5tIlior attormy$ have :an obligation to aid in tht training and development of younger lawyers. ewn though training is not always cOit·effective in the short term. Convel'Hly, young "'wyers should Sftk mento., ..ilQ are con«mt<l with t.""h 'ng Itl!'ll skills :and tlhics. not just mar· ktling.

1995-96 EXECUTIVE CO.' l'Il'MEE Andy I), BIn:hflt:1d, Jr" Moolgomerg· President·Elect II Dborl J. IItdgc, Mobile· !i«relary Cordon C. Arml lrong. Mooile· Treuurtr

judge then quaCionf<.! wmthor tho attor· nty!llad diocu»td tht rNUtr prior to tho htaring. The attorneys coofessed they

had nol. Incredibly. howeve •. thty launched inln lhei. arguments on the motion. Tht morneys apI"'rently did not undustand lhe siQ""u being giwn thorn by tho judge. In the end. >IlmtOrK paid..,mo money. It is important lor us» ~rs to!'tC· ogniK the liarws brinQ giwn to U$. ThiI is particularly Irut lor )'OUIIi bwycn.. w. hear 100ft wnior lI\Or'rl1eyS CClIllPIain tNt YOUrlll ~rs today are too ronlmtious and 111.,... "ken lhe fun 001 of practicirlll law. Perhaps ~ should li~ to the sig· nals of our mort ~ritnctd coIlugues.. Training )Willi """'Y(rs U ill> important ;"I)e for the enti re bar. ~nd will be (K\t of our 5«tion's priorities this yur. Young lawyers Hem to have mort demands on them. but with Ius opportunity for real training. than our Hnior coonterp/lrU had, As ~ ruult. young ~rs fmjumt· Iy fmd thnnsel<lts in situations lor which they an ill ·prt1)irN.1Iut if)'OUl"4! ""'~'t1S ;m not lami"" tht priror;iples of~· ina; and prdossioNlism adequately. it is in part MClnJJ,t they hi>'t not bftn trained Pfoptrly by more Hnior attomqos. Vir· tually ewry rupecttd ~ttomoy r know I'fQIls fondly ~ mentor or mentOfS. Prx· tieing law il complic:aled and dyr\.)mic. Sir.ct "'w Kh<l<>Is gt""rally do not pre· pare JtudentJ for the practice of law. we all del'tnd 00 others to help uS learn the

THE AI..... RA."1A l.AWYER

_ Iioo', inl" ...1proctduus and guid •• lines. to ilrtnSthen OUr ties with the local young lawyers' organiutions and the slale bar. and 10 continue the educa· tional ~ public Hlvke I'rojo><:ts wfth "''hkh .... lu.ve bttn inV(>/wd oYI! r the last frN yurs.. The 1995-96 Execut~ Committee membt., IU lisltd below. You should feeilTee to conbd ~ of that propk wfth OIl)' C(1nttms you hi>'t.

Thomu B. Albrilton, Andalusia Cynthia LH Almond, TwaI/oosQ CIwia L Ancknon, MooliJOt1WrJl Melanie Mm.1t 8011, Birminghom AH .... F . ....111>, Jr.

[)ami A. EUiolt. Birmirtgham

"""'u. . . ,IIrmts..·ille MkhMl O. "_mao. I>mise- A.

8irmirtgham

Mentonng is at the heart 01 a projtct StartN r«tntly by the North Carolina Young Uwytrsl SKtion calltd "Silent Partners." The bar assigned first·yur 100000rsl0 v:perienctd altormy$ througtl· oot the state, For the fi.,t year 01 practice, lhe ntw lawyer ~Id call her .ilent p;>rtner confidentially for advice on any tOllic. The progr.llll was a tummdous succtsS. :and this AugUlt won :on ...".rd at tht .,nUIII mming 01 the Young ~., 0Msi0n of the American Bar Assoc~tioo in Chiaao. This yar tht Abboorna YI.S will be looking into similar pro;.ru to assist AIWmI young bwyns. It is my plusuu to se-I'W as presidenl 01 the YLS for the \1195. 1996 term. The job is rnado: much witr by the good work of my pmtctlSOr. Iial WO$t, 10 whom the Hclion 0I'I'e5' debt of gratitude. Ou r goal. for this year will be to impro". the

"rteI O. Cny. Jr .• TusJ;egee Chril topher 8. lIarmon. Birminghom IIryan K. lIon l."M""tgw"""JI Christoph" J _ lIugh.., Montgwn"'Y Candi, A. MoCowan, Ilirminglwm ... Id1atII). Mulvan." Birmingham John II. Nathan. Birmingham J. Ce>Ie Portia ••'IontiJOt1WrJl An:hlbakl T. 11 __ rv,Mobilit Chrilt"""", A. Smith, F'fo,ma Eliubtth C. Smitharl . lJnioll Springs JKOII A. ",·.Ikt"r 111. Opelika Judton W. W.III,MobiI<!

.. _

•

... _

. . . . 9" _ _ ... ... , _ ..,......

_ .. ""u.-..... _

...... ..... Aovo<>'

S~:I'TF,~1BER

199513 11

DISCIPLINARY REPORT SU...fllt.r of Lk:en __

• WaIM' County allOl1lty Marlin B• •"lad..IoughliJI voIuntaril)o surmKlertd his 'iame 10 pndi« Law dfmM May 26, 1m. Tht. order from tilt Sup.."", Court 01 AIaI:>arna _ mitred on June 22. 1995. [ASH No. 9S-099) • 00 JUIlt ]4, 1995, (lptliuattomey John Sn.... Thrower. Jr.

""Iuntarily su rrendered his 'itense to praclict law. Accordingly. on June 2'9. 1995, the Supreme Court of A\abllma e"tntd an order Qlnct lling his privilege to pract ice law in aU th. court.! altho Stat. 01 Alabama. and furttler ordertd [lut his nIImt be

stricken from the roll 01 allomeys in this sbt •. Under lIule 28

01 tlw: lIulu oIlM<:iplin;ary Proct<lure,

Th~r cam>Ol ~Iy fur ",inslate"",nt to poxtict "ntilthe Upiration 01,,1 lost ~ ~an. [ASB No. 9S-1641

5u. ."slon_ • On June 7. 1995. IIw: Abbooma Suprt'mt Court

s~ndtd

Fort PiII)'IW aUomry ella.... A. McCu for a poriod 0I45.s.ys. McCu biltd 10 rl:$llOl'ld 10 a gri~ liled b)' a former dimt.

who ;alltgto:! lhit M~ IIad settled a case wilhoullhe elitn!', koowledge. A !klllull judgrntflt _ mlertd ijIoinst MeG« bul it "m laler KI uioJt. II fu ll htaring "'lIS rond",ttd on Ottobtr 14, 1993. ~kCtt WilS found not gu ilty of !he .ubstantivo d .. rge$, bUI guilty of failure to respond to a disciplinary authority', request for information, The Oisciplinary Board considered McG« ', prio!"

diKipli .......'hich oItm inclWrd intUolCti 01 his .efw.iI to coop~ .. t. in !he ilM5tigation 01 gnr..w.ca fillPd aaointt him. IASB No. 93-0171 • On June 9. 1995. !he l)isciplinary Commi.. ion of !he AlaboMobilt. attorney Tbomu Eon. Bf)"I.IIt. Jr. bt interimly sw;pendtd from the practi« 01 law in lhe Stat. of Alabama pu",,,,nt to Rule 20 of Ih. Rulu 0( Discipli nary ProclPdu ••. IRul. 20111); Pet. No. 95·03)

IN Stm &r ordertd ~

• On June 21. 1995. fiuntwilltlittorTlq' II,,,,,, .. C. Milltr ..... sU$P\'ndiPd from !he practice oflaw for II P\'riod 0( 90 days .«ee· t ...... Juno 19. 1995. This SUSperWon _ the ruult oil plel ~. men! betwffi1 Miller and the Offoce 01 Gtnera.l eou ..... l. Mill .. mleTfll guilty pleas to d ...rga ASB 93..363 and ASB 94-086.. In mum. MiI~r rterivod !he ~ lUIIltnSion and II dismissal ot 1111 other pending CIISU. In ASII93..363, M il~ r __ chargIPd with continuing to lid. on be ....1f 0111 client. ah ...... had bnon t..mimtlPd for ()\I\'r two ...'ttb. She lIuencltd II ro ....1 hearing and 'Uempt~ to participate in it -/IS IItI officer 01 !he court: ..."hi~ admitting she _ not rtp.esmting <lilY party to thellCtion. In AS8 94.(l86. Miller filed /I lawwit in circuit court.r\lt II hou$e painter for a breach of contract. This ~f.ndant had urlier prevailtd OIl the merits of this .... daim in sma lt daims court. The circuit court .. n<tioned Miller under Alab,ama's Litigation Accountability Act.{ASII Nos. 93·363 6< 94·0861 •

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3 1 2 ' SE rn: ~III.;R

1995

TH E ALABAMA LA\'\'YER

RECENT DECISIONS By DAVID B. BYRNE, JR.• WILBUR C. SILBERMAN and DEBORAH ALLEY Si'flTH UNITED STATES SUPREME COURTCRIMINAL Till. 18.1 100 1 dM, not utend to

cou,u .. thoftl:ly ovmull"ll United Sillies l!.

8f'1lmbkit. 348 U.S. 503 ( 1955)

Hubbard t\ /./nittd SIllies. Case No. !M]72.63 US l WC93 (~15, 1995). Dots Title 18.11(J()I,whicll nWw i[laime 10 maktc (111M Ibttmtllll "in any maUt. within t~ jurisdiction 011101 dtp;lrt-

menl or lI~nqt of tM Un,ltd Stalts.· apply to unsworn ~n filed in /I bank_ ruptcy court? 1M SUllmne Court >aid no by II sl1.to-thrH VOI~ ltd by JUltke Stevms. tho Court 0\'tT. turned itJ 1955 \kcision in lfnilm Stales II. Brombltll. 348 US 5(J3 (/955) that h3d desigl1.lltd II court as a department of the United Statu. Th . 1955 ruling "must bt IICknowltdged iU /I u , i.,....,ly flawed dtcision." Jwt~ Sl~ said. "In ordilW'y pI.,WI«, ffdel'lll COUrUllr"e 00( ~ribtd as dtpo.rtments or agm.c:in 01 the I/OYfmmml·

tl ubbllrd'i fal.ehoods in un ...o rn in /I fltdenJ '-kruptcy court !)I'OO1Ilttd his indKtmmt....s.r 18USC. ~n filtd

I 1001 which crimilllOlius (aiK so.l._ .mnll lind limill< misconduct occu.ring "in any mIItttT within thr ~ 01 an)' dep.}rtmtnt or agency 01 t~ Unit· ed Slates: Hu~rd w;u convicted afttr the district court. rtlying on United Sillies V. Brll",b1~II. instruct..! the jul)' thaI a bankruptcy court is a d.partment 0( the

United SUles ...-ithin the meaning 01 f 100/, Justiu StfYftlS re.uoned that "under both I common _ _ ruding and the It ..... 0118 U.s.C. t6 _ ...-hich lPPIies to aU of Title 18 lnd dtfilKI '~ncy' to incl.....sr. min- alia, Ill)' Itdtral ·dtp;ort. mtnt. indeptndent ~ishmmt" wm-mission. adrninistr.l!ion. klthority. bolrd of bunlU' - it Hems incontr<wortibl. that .~ dots not nltr 10 ~ court: Jl.1Stlc. Scalia filed I concurring opin . ioo. and joined by JU$lke Kmnedy. 3j/m:d thaI /Jt,iled Sillies v. BTIl",blell should be~rrul.d.

TH~:

AlABAMA tAWYE-:R

Chid Justice Rehn quist disKnted. joined by Jl.1StiCH O'Conoor and Souter. Common low·knock.oo onnountt rulo' fo rm , part of Fou rth Amondmont" , rUlon"blen'" Inquiry Wil.lln v. ArkanSI1S, Case No. 94. 5707.63 I.1S LW 445(; (~y 23. 1995). I. the common IlIw prxtic. of requi ring police to Icnod< lind iII"nlUIICt thriT pr& on« before entorifllli midmct ...ith I -.rt ...... rnnt tooonduct. search goner. III)' requiml by the Fourth ""'e"dlll."t? A unmimous Supmnr COlUrt .aid yr:s. Justitt TllorNs. writine for the Court. said. "Civm the Iongstllndiflll common· low or>dorstlTlfnt 01 tbe practice 01 '111' nounctment. Wi: ha~ little doubt that the fn"",,, 01 tbe ~'ourth Amendmenl thouQht thaI the method of an o(fi""r·. ent l)' into I dwelling w.u among the factors 10 be considtred in ..... .. ing the reuonableM» D. starch or .... ZUrt,· The Court fur ther rnsoned that an otflCtr'. ~ entry into a homt might.. in _ cil'CWTlltancn. be ""rea· ~Ie under the Fourth Amendment. In t:\-aJuatiflll the SCopt of the constitu. tional right to be IitCUro in one', home. !he SupnITlf Court looIced to the t~i· tional protection against unreasonabl. Hirchu ~nd H izu ru afforded by the common taw ~t the time of tht: writing 01 the ConltitutiO<l. H .....'eVt •• it Is impOrtant 10 note that the common I ~w principle (knock 'II1d ~noou~) w;u ~r ltatid M an infleJIible rule requiring IInOOUoct,,",nt under all dKUmstanc:es. Clurl)'. the .. can be c""nt~rvlliUng law ~nforctment con. «nu.. includina, e.g.. thUlt of physical Iwm to poli«. hoi pursuit. or the ujs. kn« of ruson to brli~ that the fruits Of instrumentalities 01 ~ crime would likel)' be dtstmyftl.

The Double hopiordy CtaU$!' oI tbe Fifth

P''''

Amendment prOhibits ~"'" cutioru or multiple punishment for the "SlIme offef\M: This caw;. which i~ .pplication 01 the United Stat"" Sentenc· in g Guid ellnu. r. ists the iHue of whethe r a cou rt violates the Double Jeop;o.rdy CIaUIt by c:orwictinQ and .. n. lenc.n. 11 deftndant for 11 cr'me when the conduct underlying that offense has betn conside red in determining the ddmdmfllitllteoct for • prcyious con·

wM:t.ion. "ill' pleaded guilty to 11 federal nwl' juana charge. A PU'Hntmce report ClI·

cullin! the but oifefIK lewl under tht: United Stites Sentencing Guidelines by aggregating lhe totll quantity 0( drug. in""lved. not only in Wille', offense of

1995 DIRECTORIES ARE IN! Member. - $25 each Non-Members - $40 each

". .... IL CHECK TO :

Alabama Bar Directories P.O. 80)(4 t 56

Montgomery, AI 36101

Incluchls'reet SddfHS Se nt e nce ~on ,i d e .. tlon of releve nt .eonduct dotl not triggor double J«IP~nIY proW,ionf of fifth amendment Wille II. United SIllIes, Cille No. 94· 6187. 63 US I.W 4576 (Ju"" 14. 1995).

we ship by UPS! Orders must be pre-paid

S~: l'Tt:MIlE-:R

1995 1 3 13

United States District Court, Northern District of Alabama Magistrate Judge Position The current term of the office of United Stales Magistrate Judge Paul W. Greene at Huntsville, Alabama is due to expire January 20,1996. The United States District Court is required by law to establish a panel of citizens to consider the reapPOintment of the magistrate judge to a new eight-year term. The duties of a magistrate judge position include the following: (1) conducting most preliminary proceedings in criminal cases, such as initial appearances, bond and detention hearings, and arraignments; (2) the trial and disposition of misdemeanor cases; (3) conducting various pretrial matters and evidentiary proceedings on reference from the judges of the district court, including civil discovery and other non-dispositive motions; (4) conducting preliminary reviews and making recommendations regarding the disposition of prisoner civil rights complaints and habeas corpus petitions; and (5) trial and disposition of civil cases upon consent of the litigants, Comments from members of the bar and the public are invited as to whether the incumbent magistrate judge should be recommended by the panel for reappointment by the court and should be directed 10:

Perry D. Mathis, Clerk U,S. District Court Northern District of Alabama Room 140, 1729 5th Avenue, North Birmingham, Alabama 35203 Comments must be received no later than Friday, October 13, 1995.

314 / SEPTE MBER 1995

cooMction. but 100 in unchuged (rim· inll conducl in which he ha.d ensalltd with ~ral co>compinotor$. Tht ~suU in guidoline r~nge \\lao high .. th.n it would haw bHn if only the drugs in· voIvtd in his conviclion had bRn coo· liOertd. but it wll ~II within the scopr of the ItgiJl.ltiwly luthoriud ptnllty. Tht tri.1 court ac«~ttd the PSI in sen · tencing Witte. conclud ing that the other o/(ellKl were put of II continuing con· IpirllCY thllt should be takon inlO XWdIlI undrr the ~ ... ~ conduct." s...IIBI.3. When Witt. wil$wb..equently indkttd for rorupiring and attempting to import cO(lIin •• he moved to dismiu Ihe chugn. uguing tluol he had IIlrelrdy bttn punished the ~ btutIK u.. anint had btm oonsidemI il$ ' '''levant cor.duct" al hi. marijuana sentencing. The trial court dilmiJ,Kd the imlittment on double jcop;o.rdy gmun<b. but the eo...rt of Appe<ll. reve .... d ..,Iylng upon the Supremt Court's decision in

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Williams p. Oklahoma. 3S81J.s. 576 (/959). lwti«, Sand", lRy O·Connor. ..... riting for the majority, held that "the fi ft h Amendment's Double Jeopa rdy CIa~ does not bar prostCUtion 0111 de· fenclant (0' criminll activity that wu tmltd. in prior wnlmdng procHdillll ;as 'rtllMnl conduct.' undtr IIBI.3 of the Fede",1 Stntencing Guidelines, and, uluth, inlluer-a the ..,nltnci", court's detnminltion of .. nltnce within Itgislativo:ly pmcribtd "'~ for offenses 01 conviction," The Court further ra· soned tMt lhe St:ntencing Guidelines. which envision bul do not require thai offenden be ",ntenetd in a single pro<:ttding for all relattd offenses. do not forbid irn]lOlition 01<1 .. nlenct for con· duct thlll wu considered u rtlevllnt conduct in a prior .. ntencillll PfOCft'IIins. In suth an event. tht sentencing court has the authority to prevent a sentence from b<:ing grO$$ly incrtaM<! by separate prosecution •. eithtr by opplyillll principles on concurrent and consecutive itntencts stt out in the guidelinn, J 5CI.S. or by dt~rting from tht unttnce range prucrib<d by the guidtli ..... il$ penniUtd by 18 1 J553(b) and 15X2.0.

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Uote hI n It Carlolle II. Fordia, No. 94-<179(1, _ US LW _ ~M;jy 29. 1995). Can a slate inmate "rving con..cutive .. ntenets c~lIengt. in II (tdcno.l court, II co:rMction for which he alrtady has cornplettd the $CnItnCt? Tho: Supmne Court answered )'tS by a SM:n·tG-1WO -.ooIe. Juslice Ginlbu rg held that such inmalts a~ "in <:U.<tody" for the corn-ic . tion ....... when that hlividUlI scntmct is compltttd.lustic. Gimburtl'. opinion relies htlloily on the Court'sl9GB ruling in f'qlon 10. RoIt't. 3911J.5. 5-1 (1968), th.t held that consecut ive stntences .oould M trtattd as a continuous .. rits lor purposes oJ hI>bt.ios torpuI rdid. In fVlllon. an inmate consecutiYt scntt1lCeS _ allowed to cluollenge a conviction even thotlgh he had not begun nrv,ng the .enttnct. Applying that rationale to tht olher end of the 'pectrum, Jwtice Ginsburg rtasontd • "Wt wilt not now..dopt a dil'krent ron· struction limply MQust the sentenct impost<! undtr the ch.allengtd coovic _ tion litS in the pUt nother than in the fulure:

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RECENT BANKRUPTCV DECISIONS Elevenlh Circuil cltnin jurildidion of lower t ourh udal ... o( Chapter 7 dthlon for lortious inltrf.... llcc with contnc\ 10 H ll thelT hllmt Community Bank of I/omesl,ad II. Oanie/Baan, und Sara Boonf, 27 B.C.D. 372. 52 F3d 958. ~ 11th Cir. MJ.y 23, 1995). DebtOr! pre-petition had mortgaged theiT midotnct 10 the bank. The mortgage contll intd 11 dragnet claust ..... hich. in addition to the mort· gage loan, also ltCurtd any future debl.o to the bank. Dtbto .. had gUlrant~ a C()I1lOnlt loan. Tho: corpon.lt loan 'oWnl Inl o ddllul! around th" Simt timt debtor. "ntertd into II contl7ld to ..11 their home. both events Ming approxi· mately om wttk prior to filing a Chapt(r 7 petition. The bank, post· petition. Hnt ~n utoppel letter ctlliming procud. from the ult. Th. Imo unt c!limed included the <ltbt owing by ra· son 01 the gUlnonty. Tht estowellelter llre~tnted the closing; con.eque ntl~ debto .. Iiltd I suit in bankruptcy court cL.iming ~ for lortious interln· tnCt ..i!h lhe contnoct of salt. The bank cooteodtd tluot thert _ no bankruptcy jurisdiction <M'r the $lat. law lort claim. The bank appealed from the judgment in favor of the debtors, The diltrict court ~nntd. holding tluot the bank. ruptcy court !\ad jurisdiction MaWf the claim llros-t in lhe bankruptcy cut . In ~ .. inQ lhe district court ruling. lhe Elewnth Circuit stated that the ttst for det~nnininl1 rtlation to bankruptcy of I civilloCtion is whether lhe outcomt hu any tfitCI on the -iodministrJ.tion of the ntate in bllnkruplcy. CitinQ 28 U.S.C. §1334~b) u to civi111rocetdings arising und.r Title II OT arising from or related 10 a Cilit undu Title II. the court stated thllt u the IIl1tged tort lros-t after the pttilion in bankruptcy. lhe eIIust 01 Ktion _ not property oJ the estate but only that of the debtors individually. It inferred thai the result might M differenl under Cluopt.. 11 or 13, or even in Cluoplt' 7, should the.., be Mdt""" of non-discluorgable unse· cured dainu of tht ba.nk, for in l uch instllnct! II fllVQrable result W(luld be Mneficiallo pre ·petition credito ... The court further rejected the ugument

StPTtMBER 199$ / 3 15

t.hit the tortious interference claim con· stituttd an lO<iju$tmmt of the ddJtorf rnd·

itor relMionship undtr 28 tI57(b)(2UO). by sl40ting tllat the claim had 00 on the Qtate.

effect

CO M.". ENT, The alteRed tort was "-d UIlQII I'Ioridf, 1rN. It is curious that »tither tht ~ion 01 the r.- nor tilt

opinion mtntionl the t....toe who, rather than tht dfbtor, I«mingly should hart cont~ that the claim belonged \0 the utate, ConY!:Dtly, why did the debtors 001 ront~nd IMllhe claim, lIa\'i ng ari.en post'petition, was the propn ty of the dfbtor?

UDder lppfO\'td ....n

0( ROrpnizition, had uthority to inltitut. a.'OIcIanco octlon on bo:h.lIf of

Itq~td.tln, t '~lttt

ullMnIrtei (:ft(Iiton McFarland~, u#1r (In ,., Malter of

TuaJ CeMral "'ITOltum Corp.), 52

F3d 1330, 27 B.C.D. 399, (5th Cir. Ju"" I. 1995), The plan or liquidation provid· td for Mhorit)' 10 lhe liquidaling trust« 10 IInrt a lill of n rla;n avoidanc. idiom.. No aM trustH was ~nttd under tllo(, but the plan crultd the position of liquiduing t rustu undtr f1]23{bIl3I(B) which provided for II Inrufer of avo;danct """'01$ to a party other thin the debtor. n.. liquidating Irustee brought I post·confirmation fraudulent conveyance action against McFarland who claimed that Mea"", no alleged cauK of action was mentioned in the pilln, the liquidating trustee had no slllnding to ;nitillte the ;action. n.. Iwlkruptc:y court', judgmtnt for the trustH _ affirmtd by the district court, lind McFI/land appealed to tile Fifth Circuit. The "I'I'"llIIt. court inililll· Iy held, with respecl 10 the I ru,ln', slllnding, !.hil II mUll be s.iKM1l tNt (I)

Why 6,000

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Chap7••13

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* F:utcSl. friendtieol oofiw:Ire

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* AUlOm:uic Plan OrJhing. S<I cu~, rb"" to $;Il,.fy,J! d.,;trkls.

* Filtng check-liS!>, client q"",Honn:"rt'

* Matrix""n-d.,;k version,; for all COlli'S thal L1 ke them.

DEMO DISK • REfERENClS MONEY aAQ( GUARANTEE

CALL 800 BE5T-7-13

ouch I"'fl~ has betn ~ppoinltd and (2) i.o II represenllltiY!: 0( Iht Ullltt. To P""'" that 1M IrustH is I rtprtSmlllti'>'t 01 the ulah, Ihe court must dot.rmin. wl'ttth.. I iuccusful recOYfry by such ~ppo;ntee would benefit Ihe debtor', unsteured crtditors.. After determining thi' in tile llifirmatiw, the court then ~idfrtd whetlle. the plan ~to..'ed 1M liquidating lfUlttt 10 I4ok. action against the sf)«ific defendant. McFarland, who ~d not been ""mtd in the plan's list 01 conl.mpl,\ed ~ct;ons . In reachi ng its conclusion Ihal Ihe liquidating truste~ had standing, Ihe court said thai III II matter 01 inlerpreution of lhe plan 01 ROtpniutiOf), if there i, """iguit)'. the inttftt 0( the ""rtits conlrols. n.. coufl found thlll the bank ruptcy court in omploying p.orol fYidto« 10 dotermin. 1M inlmt of the pbn propo"onl, found it proper to i.l1ow lhe liquidating trustoe Kting on btllall 01 unsteured creditors to;wert the Ilvoi,ullCe ;action a~inst McFarWld. n.. nut qutsliom ........ whttlwr tile bankruptcy court had lhe "",,~r to aciju· di ..... t. tht f",udulent conveyance action. lind whetht r there was /I right 10 a jury Irill. The cou rt dtttrmintd thaI although McFarland may have been originoJly entiUtillo an Article 111 court. h. had conunted to th. bllnk ruptcy court's tftll')' 011 fiNI judamtnt by not objecling to Ihe blnkruptcy cou rl 's i5SUtllIlIim of (Oft jurisdiction. As toenti· lIem.nt to II ju ry trilll, il said Ihllt becaun of a'tipul~tion ent...d into btl,...en Ihe parti.. ~nd the fllilure of McFlITllind to prurnt such an issue 10 the Irilll coufl , Mcfa rland was oow !l"" dudtd from II right 10 /I jury trial CO;ll,'I1"1'>", Ther. is a I,rge mouthful in this case. l'robably the IPJlI:llate court could hiY!: gont eililor way in its deci · sion. 11 furnished its TU5OI1 fOf rejecting precedent btu .... oI ....ivtr Of) the part of 1M deftndant. Anyone wiIIling an Mi· c.k 1\1 court or I jury trial must bt (11ft. lui in pre-trial prooldun and II(twn.nli to make lUre 10 prtsorrvt 1M rigIlt.

Continuation of review of 1994 Amendments Some "itehuln 1994 amend_Db Seclion 552 is II SKlion on the pootpetition dfect of security int.rut •. A new subsection (bIl2) was insuted, 316 1 S~: PTEMB ER ]995

TftE AUBA.'tA l.'.WYER

reading as follows: [I II the debto r and an entity ~nltred inlo a $i'curity agr«ment ~fore tht commencemenl of the cast and if the security interest , ..ated by such security agree· ment extends to prope rty 01 the debtor acquired ~Iore the com· mencement 01 the cas. and to amounts paid as ren/s of such property or t he feu, charges, accounts, or other il<'yments for til<! U$i' or octupanC)' of rooms and other public facilities in hotels, motels, Or othe r lodging proper· ties, then such security interest utends to such rents and such fees, charg.s, account.-;, or other payments acquired by the eSlate alter the commencement of the ca>e to tm extenl provided in such J.eCurity agreement, exc...,1 to any extent that the court, after notice and a hearing and based On th. ~ui ties of lhe ca>e. orders other· wi.." (emphasis supplied) II U.S.C.i:552{bj(2) Th . form .. subsec t ion (b) was changed 10 subsect ion (bill) bu t it deleted the word "rents" in both places whe.. it formerly appeared. Under the new subs.ction (b){2), if the lending agreement grants a security interest in the real estate renu, the secur.d l.nder's J.eCurity interest in the pOst·petition rent.-; continues automatica lly. Arguably. this new subsection applies only to hotels, !l1{Iteis Or other lodging propertiu _ Some cou rts may hold that the word "rents" a]llllies to all real estate renlals, whi le other courts may strictly construe the language of the new subsection and detemline that it applies only to -hotels, motels. or olher lodging properties" and not to shopping cenler, office, Or apart ment rents. Under the latter interpretation, the real estate lobby will lose most of whal it sought in the 1994 legislation.

SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA

In, urer m.IOy be .stopped from .... rt· Ing u du . lon s If in s ured di d n ot rea:"", COJI}' 01 policy In Broun Machine l-i-\:;Jrks & Supptg TH E ALABAMA LAWYER

Co. v. InsUTlltIce Co. 01 North America,

effect to the statutory requirement lhat

MS . 1930617 (Ma rch 31, 1995). the Alabama Suprtme Court r.spond.d to two certified Questions from the United States District Court for the Middle Dis· trict of Alabama . Brown Machine Works had entned inlo a cont ract with Teus Corporate Aircraft Sales (TCAS), pursuant to which TCAS was to attempt to sell an ai rplant owned by Brown. TCAS took possession of the ai!'!llan. in ~xchange for a post·daled check in the aroount of $100,000. The !><Orties agreed that if TCAS was not successful in selling the aircraft within 120 day•. Brown would acCtpt the $100,000 as full payment for the plant. TCAS WaS to provide insur· ance on the plane ""hile it ",as in its pos.session. TCAS had a blanket policy with INA covering all of its aircraft. Coverage for Brown's airplane was s«ured under the INA poliC)'. B"",'n was not furnished a cOpy of the insuran« poliC)', bul Brown did receivt a certificate of insurance from INA. soo..ing it as an additional insured. The certificate stated that the "Certifi· cate of Insuranct does not amend, extend, Or otherwi$i' alter the terms and condi. tions of insurance OOvtrage contained in pOlkie~ listed aIx>ve issued by Insurance Company of North Amerka ." The en· tilicale also had -All Ris ks· prinl.d under the "Aircraft Physical Damage" designation of the type of pOllC)'. When Brown discow ..d Ihat TCAS, by forging a certificale of litle, had sold Brown's aircraft, BI'tM'!l attempted \0 cash TeAS' check, but TeAS had Slopped pay. menton it BI'(M-71 med a claim with INA for """"rage under the poliC)"~ theft provisioo . INA rejected the claim. asstrting that the pOlicy did not provide theft roverag. to Brown as an addiliOTI/II insured and .lating that evtn if it did, coverage was excluded for "convt<5ion". The forst question certified by the fed· eral di.lrict court ",as whether an insur· er is estopped to assert an otherwi ... valid exclusion by reason of its failure 10 deliver a copy of the pOliC)' to the insured in accordance wilh Ala. Code 1975, ~ 27· 14·19. when it doe. provide a «rtificate of insurance which..,ts out the general oove~ wilhoul enumerating the limi tations and exclusions. The supreme court determined that the crux of Ihe question was whether, in order to givt

an insurer delivtr a copy of the irnurance pOHC)/ to the irnured, it should recogni.e an exception to the longstanding rule against enlarging the coverage olon insuran« poliC)/ by estop~1. Reviewins statutes and cases from several Olher j ur isdictions. the courl found that the dear weisht of persua· sive authority recognizes that where an insurer fails 10 delive r the pOlicy in accordance with a statutory requirement. the insuru may be eslopped from .... rting c""erage conditions or e ~clusioru that are in the pOliC)/ but are nol disclosed to the insured. The court noted that if it held ot herwise, the stalute would haw no practical efl.<:t. In a situation in which the insu ru failed to comply with the statute, il could simply a"ert the general rule that iruuranc. c""""rage cannot be c..· ated or enlarged by e, loppel, perhaps pay a nominal fine and deny cowrage. The court thus recogni~ed an exception to the s. neral rule, holding that in Alabama, an insurer who fails to follow the slatutory mandate of § 27·14·19

SEPTEMBER 199513 17

rNy he Ulopptd from w.rrti"ll other. wiK Villid C(lWragI: cooditlons or aclu· tions. if tilt insuffil is prejudictd by the intuftr', failure 10 co mply ",illl Ih~ statute. Wllelher an intunr is , in f~d. eslOpped 10 deny CCMraae by its failun: 10 delill!r I copy of tht policy 10 a Pilrtlc· ular insund depend •. in put. upon ",hether tllal PilrtkuLar insurtd i. "the insured or ... Ihe person entitled- to 11 CO!'Y of the policy witllin tiM: meaning of lhe statuu. Tilt court not.d tllat it could nOI determine wlletller Brown "'<IS enlitltd 10 a copy of the policy. That inue must be decided by Ihe trier of

fod. The court _ n:luctant to state ",hal of insureds an tntilltd to a copy of a poIicy. ItOWM'r. the oourt obseMd llut On one end of tile continuum of insured. lire lilt purcllaser and lilt nan10td insurtd, who ~ clearly enlitltd to copiQ of lhe pOlicy. On tiM: other end of lilt continuum In: incidtnlill benm· I}'llts

ci..riu Jnd hellt'fidariu of group poli. cit•• who lI'e not entitled to copies of the policy. absent an inquiry. Bttwem the ends of tilt continuum lies 11 Large group whoM 5I.It .... n:mains 10 be det.,· minal. The oourt nottd: In determining ",lIicll persons an: included in tha.t ph.~ lin tht stalute] ... Ollt' should be guided by tilt following stalement: In lilt lIypothetical ,pectrum nt out it/xrv(. the further aWolY 11 particu. l.r insured or heneficiary is from tOOK we Ilave held are definitely included in the statutory pllrase. tllen tile len likely t hat tile inlu red or beneficiary will be includtd. Acoordillilly. procHding in the Ip«trum Ird'f from those to whom Ih. t lilu te definitely appliu. it becomu mort likely tll ..1 provision. of undelivered polici .. will cont rol over tile te"", of a dtlill!ffiI certificat. of insu rance jf t he certificate dis·

WE SAVE YOU R TIME ...

ameli L E G A L Re searcll

Now legal n:<earth .u. ~nct i. a..."ilablt " '11<0 you _ ie.

,..nhoue ehe nece. Sley 01 oddm, a rull ·,,,,,. • .soc.... or cltt1t.

wi,b KCUS co ,lit S...", l,a ... l.,ibrary and Wu'la ..... ,.". pro~Odc r• •e. nd tfr~Itne "'''''ICe. For <lead"ne wot1t. "'t can deh.e, mfOfm'''on ,<> yoo common c. n;"r. Federal E.pre'~. 0< FAX.

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Famell L.cgal Rt", . ",h n amine, 1M ,~","'l>oro<1ihly ,hroullh qu.liey "se.rch. brief wrllon~ Ind .n~ly.i •. Our nllts are S3HXI ptr hour ....."h a lhrtt hoor m.n,mum. Fo r Resea rch Assistance conlact:

Sar.. h Kal hry n

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] 12 Moore Building M o ntgo mery, AL 36104 Ca ll (205) 27m17 1C .... _ _ '. _ , . .... tpIt;d .... " " " ' _ "01".""..,

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claims any e"ect on tilt cOYI'rage containrd in tile policy and if it dots not -definitely contndicttile policy: coOftqutntly. it al$O btcoma 1t$S liktly tNt the insur· er will he estopped from w.rrting otlltrwise ..... Iid conditions of. or aclusions from. C(IW~ tllat are containtd in tilt policy but not;n the certificate. Tile second certified question ;uked ",hellier the court', opi n ion would changt iftht in!Ufed had relied On rep' rtlentation!. made by Ihe insurer's ilIen!, that llle in,urtd had full cover· lilt. The JUprtmt «H.Irt r~td ~ the alleged mi"epr.. entalions on which the insured rtlitd did 001 alter its Opinion. AI 0IIly f~ud would he 11 ..... 1I~te IlIItler not affecting S...,....,·, sta· lUI a. an inlured. The court added. howtver. tNt the repr_ntations oouid he re~1 in determinillil prtjudi,", by reUOfl of the insurer', f",lure to comply wilh tilt statule. •

SPECIAL THANK YOU! n.. - . g ........ """.... ...., ...... """""'" fIfO bOno . e ... iI cIO<:u'MnIin!I IN ",...-_ <II "'"

lhItd Citibono· Coo ......... on ... _ _ Cou:tt.

Dunn . King &Assoc l_ (Montgomery) Jenny Dunn Risa Entrekin Mary King Suzanne Spiers

Prince In stitute of Prof . ... lonal StudlH (MOnigGm$y] Cllani Muller Donna Ga skins Michele Lee

EdmondltOfl ReportIng &- Video (Birmingham) Steve Edn ,olldsoo Laura E. Durd&n

RH-gan , Pruitt & Clark (Monlgomery) Sheni Adams Tonia Ayers Karen Brock Reagan

Ha islip , R .n , G.."..., S..rkla & Watson (MontgGm$y) Cathy Jackson Gail SlIadbum

The St. nograp ll Corporatio n Gil Claborn

TilE ~ LAWYER

LEGISLATIVE

WRAP-Up

By ROBERT L McCURLEY, JR.

Ii II

he Alabama Legislature

adtourned Oil Mond.l.y, July 31. ]995. havillll ~ In'mol ~r pi«u of !fgisLa·

lion at internl to bI.'}'trs that wtre PRl'I'I' ed by tilt Alab,ama Law lrutilut. and m:tiwd~. They ire is follows: l~;rorm Commurial Cod~, Revised Articles 3 & ~ (Negotiable Inslrumenu and Rank DtposiU and Collections) H.R. 11(1, sponsored by Senator SIMI Windom and RepreKntalM Mike Hill. tfftctiV't January l. 1996, 1ft Marth I99SAlaba-

Wlomatic powers for trustees unless restricttd ill a trust .,grHment.

S.B.260. • Amendments t'l the; r air Campaign Pnctia Act .:orn:eming acceptance

ond apmditures of camp;lign /undo. S.B.266. • Accidmt rtparu moy lit filtd with· ill 30 days instead of tell days after the accident. S.B. 308.

Curaton are al>oli.htd: all.r Jan""'')' l. 1997 all uisting curalors will auto-

1994 AIDINlmtlIAu.7Jer. Retiremml 8 .... fit. :os prOptrty stl· tlement in divo"•. S.B. 118. sponsored by Se .... tor Pat Lindsey loAd RtpR.. nlalive Tony Pd.IO$. dr.cli"" b.nLQry I . i996. see ~ I99SAltJbami1l.owger.

• The pocket puts of the; Code wtre ;uiopted and made ofl'ici~lly pari of

the CotkolAlob<Ima. 5.11. 19. • V"KIeo dtpositionJ of a .-ktim or a witnus ,II a crimi",,1 cut IN)' be usW when the p<rson is una""il. able f'l r Irial for mediQI reasons. S.B. ro. • Court may permil juron to stpJoraU ill a capit.ll cue. the;rtby ;arnmding Ala. Cotk 112· 1(;.9. S. B. 77. o Trustu Powers Act which provide>

• Parlial child o. ~ sUppOrt payments shall be applied rorst t'l prin. cipal and tht boolaroct I'l inle...,.I.

H.B. 401 . • Stct i'ln 18· 11.·21 i. amended I'l change the inter.51 ralt paid 'ln judgmtnts in condemnation C3$ft,

• Foor court rdorm bills pasKd.II.B . 655 COid. ,,:ng adding a non·1awytr and dislrict judge to the Judicial l"'Iuil)' Commil.lion: lt B. 371 add!; two non·lawyers and l district judge 10 the court of the judic~oy, H.R. 19-1 rtquim juslices and judges 10 file a list of cootollu\OfJ annually; and H.B. 854 prO\ides thai no stalt courl ~ require disburHmI'nt of stat~ funds unless approw<i by the legislatu...,.

.rrtct;"'t J~ry I. 1996. 1ft NOYtmbtr

pe~t.~S.B.146.

135.

victim. II.B. 863.

..... tiully be conwrttd into conservators. H.8. 6301 . l' niftnlOl1lOflltd 'ionprofil ,\uociation ft.8. 218, sponw,.d by Sonator Doug CMt and ReprtJOntali,'e Mark Ga.;nu.

• Ci!"(uit and district court feu. the temporary court costs th;.t wt~ to Upirt Octobtr I. 1995. wtrt!Nde

byists. H.B.

5.11.750. • SwaI awoll tlC<III1inatioos will be paid by lhe state rather than by lhe

-,,-,.

Othtr legisialion of ;nlerul 10 lawyers iJ as follows: • l h. jurisdiction of t h. di l trict court ....IS •• iud from $5.000 to $10.000. H.B. 449.

• The Legislature pund a new ethics law that appliel t'l public oftkials. publk tmployfts pi 1ob-

S upre .... cou rt nil •• The AIWlml Suprome Court awrovtd a revision of the Rults of CMI Procedure 10~ efttdive Octobtr 1.1995. They fur. • A bill _ ptistd 10 provick fOO' the; f'lrmation and ope rati'lII of Real Estateln>'tstrmnt Trmts. 5.11. 384.

• The "dnth penalty" for fo reign to<pOntioos th;.1 <k> not qualify to <k> !nqintl.l in Alwma w:u 'tin· stated. 5.11. 512.

• A rlbultable presumption is crealtd th;.t il iJ not in lhe bt$I. intemt of a child 10 be ill the cwtody of a pa'ent who ...... the; perpttrat'l' of domntk vi'lltflCe. S.B. 522. • Grandpa ren ts have th e , ighl to pet it ion for yisitati'ln righ t> 'lf their g,..,nOchildrm who ~ bttn adopted by the new hUiboond 'lr wife of lheir dK ..... d child's for·

thn .nlutd an 'lrder July 19. 1995 ;approving new Ruin of EvM.knce ",ilich will btcomt effecti>'t January I. 19%. For mort informati'ln. C'lntact Bob McCurley. AlwiTIl l.lw Institulo. P.O. Box 1425. Tuwoloosa. AlWma 35486

or ull (205) ~g..7411. fax

( ~)

348·

Mil.

•

_c -,. ~.

.._L.....c.... . . . _01 . . ..... -~ ...... ..-......01

__ .....--._--~ .....

mer spoust. S.B. 583. S£P'Tl:MIIER 1995 / 3 19

William Hutchins Cole, Sr. or tmry thing th .... i. a .....,n. a time Ior ..... f)' m.U" undor ' - " A time to be bo>m. arw;la1ime 10 die .... "The bu>i"... of lif.," say> Jolm Mort.,.. "i. to 1><. to d¢. 10 do wilhoul •• nd to dopiOrt: Jodgo Col •• pl'<JlW>ly roo ... than lh<>s< of ... I.ft. underslood thai soon .. or lal,r h. m,..1 foct lho ""lItd mel>enger wilh Ih. im.. ,I.d lorch. Bul Ih. Judge '"'- thai lhtrt wM boyond II>< darktntd holt a life 00 .,ciliog. 00 ~rfullhal il is boyood human comprthtmioo. Wi IIi3m Ilutehi ... Colt. Sr. " ... born in To-.'SOn. Mary\o.rId on Mor<h II. 1918. He gradualtd from Ih. UniversilY of M,ryI3nd In 1938 and from tht Uni"""'ily of Mar...I;....d La", School in Ma)' 1941. Aft .. la", school h••• rved wilh the Ftdtrai OU...,u of l.....rug.uiM until 1943. In IW;. Judge 0JIe tho proctice of la", wilh t.ng., Simp'on. Robinson '" Somu..,ill. ar'ld rtn'lllintd unlil 1957. In 1957. I>< k>rmtd. ~pwith John H. J.nki ... in tlw gmeral practice of law. In 1964. a ".,. partntrship _ formtd with lOOn J.nki .... Dugan CaUo.. and Robert \'ara. It is inltmtir'lllO l'IO!e that tlw finn of J.oki .... Colo. CoU.,...y & Vonet ulti· mat.ly prnductd Judgt William Ii. Colt, Iu.dg< Dugan Col ~ (both cimrrt court j",*,~ and Jud;It Robert Vane< oftlw ~11th arw;l El ........ th Circuit courts of appe.ili.

.nte""

".y

William Edgar Davis

00"'.

...... William Edgar a diSl"'llurshtd mtmbt, of the Binninghlm and Federal bar ....,.,ilItions. pasotd """>' on February 24.1995;and. I'<""'rras, Bill. a ""ti"e of lIunu"II •• Iw.-d in Birminglum for 42 )'<oIn; lI'<I. l'.1lerw, he ..rved in tho Unrttd Stot.. Army duri"ll Worl~ War II. in tho European Thtater. attoining lhe rank" colo .... I;.nd. Whtrtas, in 1953. he _ ap-po;nlN dtrk of lhe Unilt<! Stot.. Di.lricl Court. Ihe Cwrt for 22 1'Urs. During Bi ll" Imurt .. <leri< of court. beuU$< of hi> compll$Oion I"""rd peOpl •. not j",1 ilIW'jtrs. ht lI$Oisttd mort YOU"ll ilIW'jtrs

""""lI

320 / SEPTH1BER 1995

In II>< cours< of procHdng low. Judgt Col...","", th.llinni"lltum!lar A.>socill· tion " ..II. lie ...... a member of the CriN• ne. CommiUo •. I!. "'.. ,I«ted ... membtr of tho Extculi"" CommiU... and ....... Iocltd vict-pruidonl of our bio,....,. cilllion in 1963. In 1970. he ....... m<mbtr of Ih. "S-io! Unauthorized """"i« of La,,' CommiU •• " ch"rtd by F.. nk Bainbridl/•• and .ulhoriztd by th. BBA Thio commill ... i"""ligaled and lI$Oi.ltd in the offurt. 10 tU"'rnatr "The Quidd, Divorce Ib<:kot' Thi, practi« of obtain. ing fraudul.nt divorc .. "'U end.d through the offer,. of the fTIOr1)' commitI.. member>, In 1964. William H- Cole ...... el«ted pnsidtnt of Ihe BinningNm Bar A>soci3lion. He was tho (oundor >nd r,r>ltdiIOf of the Binni"llh>m Bar A>sociation Bul· lelin , At, .uted at ill inc<ption. this !Jul· le/m "'» 10 advise bior m.mben of Ih. acli,·iti... I.gal deci,ion •• nd ilem, of in"res! to tho bar, This publicalioo ..... the foruunner of tht plt.. nl &r !Jul· 1~lin .• btauliful qUolrterly publ".lion. which has 27 of our mtmbtn namod on ill board of tdit¢r>. Judge Cole "'as ..... ofth"", cand"lol .. rIOrninaltd 10 fill lho on lho cir· cuil court by Ih. retirement of Judg. G.~rgo Ltwi. Bail". Judg. Colt w.s .I<eltd lor Ihe '''-year lenn. After ....... i"llltn years in thi> Domtstic Rdati"", Court >nd with II>< consent of 011 circuit

judge>. Jodgo Col. "'........ Ied as • circuit criminal court jodgo. In 1988. UIKHl reachi"ll the >ge of 70. .nd aft.r .. ""inil 0." 20 ye.". h • "tirtd. Ite conlinuN to ....... in • supernum.rary .I.t", until 1991 when ••1 the ,uggeslion of hi. phyoicion. h. disconli". utd 011 worl<» a juoigt. Dun"ll his IOller years. Judge Col..."",d os. ",,1unl... librnrian 01 Balliis! Medicol Conler. Monl· clair. Jud1;. Cole " ... oct.... in the Birming. tum Ki>Iar1is Club and Brookwood Rap. li,l Church ond ..rved .. pr .. idonl '" lho Aiabarno Di,trict Exchange Clubo. Judgt. Col. I.ft behind. doM>ttd wif<, Ihree ,ons who b.. r hi' n.m •. Iwo dought,,, and an innumerable ho.I of colltagut! .nd friends "'ho mourn hi. .,..,i"ll_ Whe ...... il i. "",II th.>1 we I"Ust and rcl1«t on thi. lifo "'hich ",a, so important 10 our own. mindful thai ,u<h "neetion con do no I... than conlribul, to • btll.,. tomorr""" for ""h of us; and. \\'htre>s. this resolulion is off.red ... recotd of our admi,.tion ond affection for Judg. Bill Cole >nd of our rondoltn«> to his ""fe. his S<II\S and doughters ond the members ofhi. family,

Irying 10 negoIiate the pitf.lI. of rtd, ..1 proctdUrt lhan can be ocrurat</y counled; .nd. ....'h..us. it """"Id be • di_""et not to menlion lhe orgat1i .. in "'hich Bill was .n >elive member. H. was • mtmbe, of Shodts 1'011.,. PrtsbyUrian Church ; Vest.wia Counlll' Club: Binning· tum Downto-." Oplimist Club; Sinni"ll' h.am Quarte.-b;w;k Club; Binninilum Alldubon Society; Pi Kappa Alpha Frate,nity; Univonity of Alabanla Alumni Socidy; \'dtrMlS of FO"lgn W...; Amtrican Legion; and Sons of the Ame.ican R.....,. lution; II.......... Bill "'.. a""'YO tonci"ll oI>out hi' famIly. It. was so proud of hi. family. uW<$i"ll. will'lout htsitation. the h>j>. pinus hi. ",if•. H.ri •• and hi' doughier. B... nda. broughl into hi. life; and.

Wht ...... lhe Birmingham Bar A>soci· alion OOi .... 10 rtm<mbt, his"""", and recQgni .. hi> trtmtndou> contributions both 10 01" prof... ion and 10 Ihi. com· munily; Now. Ihtrefo .... bt it ,....,""'d , by the .. «UIOve commin.e of the Birmingham Bar A.>soci.lion in metli"ll ho .. a.stm· bltd that Bill not only loved bul iprtad that love and COMpM<ion to tmryo .... he touchod. Bill ....... r .poke di.par~ngly 01 another, having a good word (or .11. H....,. Iowd >nd respecled by one arid .11. H. was a good person .nd will be missed by lhou of the bench and bar oIthi. dly. Ihil counly and Ihi, ,tol<,

-.ne;'

li"".

.r'Id.

-.I. F1'f<Iri< Ingram Pl'.. ldenl Blrminghlm Bar A..od.Uon

1.11')"'"

-.I . F1'f<Iric Ingram ""',Idonl Blrmlnghlm 8 ar AUOcllllon

THE ALIUlAMA LAWYER

1..," 01 the do.tl1 of on< of It. ""'mbtrs. Walt., M.adck>x. in lho 24th day 01 M,y 1995: MKl \\'h ...... Horman 11',11<, Maddo< w.u.. WIthin tho l.gal prof... "",. mpt<lod by hi' pit" to. hi. oo","Oon to hi. dienl:!. communIty. <hUrt".nd family: and 11-1'1...... Horman W.lt.r Maddox was admitted 10 Ih. pracht< of I.... in June 1936. upon hi, gr.>dwtion from tho Uni· \'t .. it~ 0/' AhlI-mIa School oItaw. MKl ho "",.d in ,irtu . lly •• ery Omco 01 th .

Wal1<er C<l1Jnly Bar """"ialion... ".,11 as boil\tl p,ffidenl 01 the Junio, Ba, So<.. I"", of lhe Aw",ma Stat. Bar from 1949 !I,,'ough 1950. ond further ,,1VO<i "" the Alabama SllIt, BaT Boord 01 Commi ..;on· • " 1965 throogh 1968; and \\'h." ... Walt .... Maddox fu," tho, ",rvod hi. coonhy .. a .pt<ial '-i!.nt to tho F.d .. al Burtau of Inwstigation du,ing u... yea1"$ whioh Ihi. country was al "'ar from 1942 lh""'l!h 1945: and Whe ..... ttonnan Walt .. Maddox fur· thor diotin8ui$l\t~ hi"""ll in "Nic. 10 hi, community by ..,....;ng """ ..I I."", on tr.. City of Jasper Boord 01 Education. . . n\ly<IT of th, City of J.,pe, Octobo, )958 through Stpt.m!>er 1970. ond fu'· th .... "iog lor many yu .. as Ihe

Nonnan Knight Brown

Edward ~f. Friend, Jr.

"'-"'"'

Birmi"9""m AJmilled: 19J5 Died: JUJle 5. 1995

Hennan Walter Maddox

. . . w:.

the Walker Coonty 8.:or

A..o<iation wa. ,addened to

H.""""

Admit/ed: 1949 Died' Ju,", 27. 1995

George William Cameron, III MonllJOfll'!'ll

H.""""

Horace Nolan Lynn MOnlflOme'll

Admitted: 1976

Died:May2.1995

Admit/ed: 1989

Died' May 11. 1995

Hennan Walter Maddox William Bibb Eyster D«r1lur Allmilled: 1947 Died: Jill'It 2. 1995

Lester Alexander Farmer, Jr. ~~

Admitted: 1947 Died:M>y22.I995

THE ALABAMA

~\\'YER

Alimilled.. 19."lIi Died: Mal'24. 1995

Nicholas Stallworth McGowin Mobik Mmilled: 1937

mun;tipal judS' of the City o/ lasP'"

W........ , Il .. man Walt.. Moddox livtd Iii. toil:! fun .. t MKl ..... n be .. mombeml nol only for hi. contribution, 10 our rommunity but .1", iOT hi> love 01 ptOpl • and hi, joy of liviog; N"",. thor.for •• b< il r..olvtd by the Walk., County II.'IT A>oocialion that .... do h... by mourn lhe d•• th of Herman Walt., Ma<\d"" . and lu'th .. ua rld our htartf.1t sympathy to his <I.lughter$. u.both ThomIO)' and Coml Kilg.".. _ Rk hanl p....!donl

rob.

W.l1m County II.. Auociallon

Please Help Us 1M ~ ~ "MtmoriaIs" section io deoignod to ~ """"" bt .. 0/ tho bar with info,mation ~t tho death o/'lheir coIlug ..... Tho Alob.lmo SW. flo, and tho ~:ditorial Boord h3 .... no "cay '" "'-"ing whM """ 0/' ..., mm,b... is dtawd ......... "'" art notifotd F'Itue taIot the tim< to pnMdo II>..-ith ~ ....,."... ti(n 11'i'l<i ,,-ish to wrilt >(In"oe!hir,g >brut the indMdual', 1<10 and [lnlfes. WorW occornpIishrnmts iI>r publiatOon in u... mogozin •• pi ..", limit and your co>mrmnl< to 250 , .nd u,. picture if possible. W. ......... the right to «Iit.u inkfln>. tion .... Mlitttd /or tho "M.""","""," ....-tion. F'Itue ...-.Jl"OJIification """'. mation to the 1oIb.<ing >d<!r=

"..,rds

;' IIrgIrri L. Mu~ AIorbo.mo UrIl)""T

p.o. 11«< 4 156 ,"I.""\goofH';ry. AL 36l(1]

Did: May 19. 1995

SEPTEMBER 1995 / 321

At lho UrWt"'l1 of ~ ho was I u... I)I(E frotemil1 and ... <d_ iIand"'ll tludmt. Ih.!ow~. and r"'tomil1 "'"""" •. Rob.., Donn'lIon 0/ M<t>ile. attende.l /unonl ser· via and Laudod him 1I ....mo and k>y.II fri<-nd ,,,th. MbI. impeecabl. mann ... and. forccful and proud IUP' port .. 0/ Ius foat<mity ond tho ..,..,.,. of l.1w. Marcu, Wll .... ry proud 0/ hi. family. Iti. rath.r', lamll}' (lmo to AlWma in tho IMIlo. ••Wi", in tho ""m.."mil)' 0/ McCcmeII in Sumtet eo..nty. 1Iis....-...nal arancHa!hot. WilloMn lIaywood~. attcrdcd tho t~ '" AIibomo. in 1117519 and _.,........!nI t". Julio Tulwi ... to _10 ~ wt.c.. ... bnltdand

Marcus Eugene McConnell, Jr.

........ of

his.""'"

,han.ct.,.

in LMl\IIton on ~ ...... 10. 1917. I0Il of looII-time f'roboI. Judge ~ E. McConnoIl ondJulio Iiw1tnct 1okConnol1. "'"' ...... E. McComoIl. J•. ..,.. odmillod to 1110 bl. in 19'1 and proc:l.ia<l !ow in LMl\IIton for ~ t~ 50 years until hi ••• ti .."",nt In 19091. II. di.., on April 25. 1995 .llho age 0/ 71 in hi' raidm:< .t 3850 GoLl.rio ....."""'" DrM. Suit. 201. Bi.minlJ!wn. ~ 35:w.. who .. ho INed "";!h his brolbc •• John Rrid 1okConnol1. and his >istcr. M>ry Emily M<:Conncn. wbo............., rum. /JlI. •• U.nd, .... lJUI>lic JChooL in Uv· Inplon. h, .tltr\dcd Livineoton State Tuchors CoIl... and Uovidoon for ..... ,... tad! and ~ his~· ",bon at ~ lInMnity of ~ ......... ho r<aMd hit. A.B oItgm in 1m ifId hI> u.s dcgrN in 19'1. IIM••t omdson CoIktt ho II...., in tho .-n nal to thot '" hi' d."....I •• Som Sperar. wbo loin lI«.m. p,uld.nt of O.vid..,n 001<1. on leam",. 0/ hi. dtath •• wod: "Although at I~viobon for only ont ye.I •• ",",,,,,,,, ~ • omlor ImJlld on.1I who k....... him. lit _ . true fritnol ond I om ~ -....:t 10 ~ tNt ho 10 ,.,.... .•

O)m

Col..,.

322 /S£ f'TH\lI~:R

1995

waf

-.I. lIu/" . lIf.l.. T,u... loo ..

HELP PUT ASMILE ON MY FACE

I ' '

~~~

alittd.WftIrly _ . OuTSouthom 1 _. whkh wu publO>hed t". tho Ami· "for n\UlJ')'WS. Itis .... t.~. also \I,ll ..... liaywoood t..wrwc.. Mtmol· tdtho n.......... ty In l84S-50.and Later ...... killtd in battle &I a 0fIIaIn 0/ ~..try,...,. II""",. Ceora" in 1864. Ma"u, bopn hi' I.pl COrt.. u.n • ttome)' in tho State R.......... Dtparll'nl:nt under John W. Lap'I<y in 19' I. Aftn w>r .... dlcLart<l.... retUmN to Livingolon to brei" ptMl. prxti<& thcrt.. Fwm thore he enleml tho MTVic< 0/ tho An'I<rian IUd C",.. dun"llll"orId II... n. "Ni", as • dirtelOf for...-.lea at .........., of mili· tIIry pools in thi' country. In I~'. ho mwntd 10 ~ to rtOriw 1IlPOint· rnmI &I cimut ooIigtor when Thomoo; M. Boat _ titled into military KIvi«. \I""" Tom ....... mt<l1n I~S. Jotarcuo_ ........ Sumt ... County SIlIicitor•• pO$ition which allowed him to abo prodict civil low. ond ..MOl In lhis ""';tion until 1970. He _Idive in tho Sumt<r Coo.,ty. AI>bo. ma Stat. and Am.rian ba, ...... iotions. (lu. to a d.~.nerlti ... condition h • S"", ... 11y Iott hlo 'Yt>'aht in Ih< oiIti<> onol _nti ... but "";t~ • dcdicotod and comPOt,nt so"ota..,... />Irs. MIry Holon

aIll, to conlonu. to •• nd .. "Ni« hi. ditnU. Sh< ho brillwlI m,nd aN bolieYtd u did Rob<" E. IH tlwot duty is the rrIOII oubI;"'" word in tho Enalo&h laI\IIUOIt. ond tlwot ... did his dul1 &I h...w ,t ""'ry 4>y of hi. Iii, to hi. f..... ily. di.nt,. community. church. ond """"try. Rdortd Dillrl<t J~ n.on.... f. Stol •. Jr•. wi\;) was his Ioniti"'" coIlug"" in the Livin"ton &r. recalltd him &I. CQmj1tt<nt ottomty..... ry prompt and prorocicnt. pri....rily in thc r..Lds 0/ probate and proporty Law. and abo. "'TY ........ .... _ to his a..rm. cornn-..nil1 and od"o:IoIo In limo. _ and ....... 0DtIIII<I. On his nti" .... nt. Jotarc ..... with Ih< cCKOCun",n" of hil brotho. and .istt •• .....attd • llUII whidl will po"O>"idc • sijI. nititlnt .ndowmtnt lOr tho Un ........ ty of ~ School of Uw oft .. thoi. oIeath. n. joined "";!h hi. brothtT >no! Iistt, in p....... d'ng 'himt' .nd Ih. lIift of Imi. hom. I". LivinllStom U"I...."ity. whi,h for hi, Ii/eli"", suPPOrt .... rdrd him on hononry l.L.I). dogr .. in 19091. 11, w.. on ",tNt .... mbt. of tho Livingston Pns· byleri." Ckurth. sorvln. &I. duc,," . .101t •.• lolt, ..... 'it ... and u tho (1"';.man of lho bu,ld,,,, <ornmiuH for Ih< construction of tho p..sonl !Inri... ..,... He abo serwcI ... 1onIt,.... d......... of lhe Myrtlewood C,,,,,to..,.. ......., •• t;.,., and lor _tal,.,.rs II "'"' ....... of tho Sumt.. CounI1I ...... ullIootd. Tho Iif. ol "h,cul McConn.1I will Oland .. I shini"l .umpl, of ••0001 "",n.' wilt <ououelo. and •• t.I ..... t luppor\tr" of his ~. his """"",. nil1 and hi. church. Jon...

."""rio. Joaalwd tlwot 10 I...s nu""' ...... a

lET'S fiND CURES fOR NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. 1·SOO-S72·1711 Till: AI.ARA."\A LAWVt:R

CLASSIFIED NOTICES RATES: Members: 2 free listings

"po$lllOn wanted"

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Jess per bar member per calendar year EXCEPT lor

$35 per insertIOn 01 50 words Of less, $.50

per additional

word ; HOflmembel'S: S35 per InserllOn 01 50 WQ(ds or less. $.50 per additional word. Classified copy and

paymenl must be received according \0 the following publishing schedule Septembe r '95 I.sue deadline July 15, 1995; no deadline e~lensions will be made. Send classified copy and payment. payable to The Alabama Lawyer. to: AJabama Lawyer Classifieds, clo Malgarel Murphy, PO. Bo~ 4156, Montgomery, Alabama 36101

SERVICES

• DOCUM ENT EXAMINER: Elcamina1ion

of o....stioned Docu ....nt • • C.f1I' ,ed

Forensic Hf,lI(twriling tnd Oocumenl Examir'llor. T-.!y-eigN ....... . ~ .....:. in .. !o<ansII: docurn6nI pow.",•. Fom>eotv, Chie1 Queslklned Oocun'Ie<1t An'l va!, USA Crim,nal Inveslloatlon

L.Iboo. . . . ~ !WiIIod)- BriIish FSS. Diplomate (cantlOed)- "BFOE. ~ ASODE: IAI. $AFOE.: NACDL AIIurr'I&'" lee ICfaICtJIt ~ ~ .... Mayw Gdon, 218 Men)morl DrMI, AU9JIIa, Georgia 30907. Phone (7061 aeo.42fi7. • LEGAL RESEARC H: L . , ....arch ~. Expe<!eoOC*:l llIOInly . .... obw III AIIbamII State Bar IinoI Aa:ess 10 SUIte lJIw Unty. WESTLAW ~ 1IbIe. ~ ~ ... rct>n. Sarah K"hryn Farne ll . 112 Moor. SYikling . MOI1IOO""'1ry. AIat.>Bm. 361~. Phone (33<1) 2n·7f137. No represenlation is ,..... 1M! Jhe QItIo'Ni)' aI J h e . Mr·

errrt 01 Forensic Scienc:M, SouIttaasI·

SoIvtions. Inc.. wtOo;h provides

.... Asaociation o! Forensic Cowmenl Examiners. C~""""" Vod cMI ma!l&J$_ c.m.y & H."" ....' F<X1ItOoIic Cloc:u'nIn L.bolldO'Y, 58S5 Jinwny Catw 8otJIe. ...", ~~. Geotgoa 30071_ Pto. (T7O) '16-7690. FlU (.0.) .,6-

mediation se",le" in civil a"" lamily caSH .nd """elop••"" Implements CUIIOmized cor6:t .-..ok.oIion 1>'00""'" andlralning tor eo,.....".,.. - - - . s . IChooII. communiIift • ....:I chu~. MaiIir'IJ ~ P.O. eo.- 59486. BirmIngham. -'IabarNI 3525S1. F'to:Ir-. (2(5) 328·91 1 t , No 'IIPfIIHIl"riOI1 is madIt mal !fie qua~/)' 0I1f1f1 ~'uf\rices 10 btl perlomI&d is grNlM Nrr !fie qu;;Ury 01 Jhe leO-' S8tri:ft ".notrroed by 0ihIIr

"" • MEDIATOR : AUor,...y W1lh • .,ensl". mediation Iralning. Go-aduate educalion ..-d . _ .... In psyo;:tlology. Allypes 01 - . Will traYeI stall till. Reason. . . lei. _ G. MIIh. CIa," ec.:.w& Matt>. S12OCIo"odwi RoId. :)6 11 7 . Phone MonlgOmefy. (33<1) 272·2230. Fa~ (33<1) 272· 1955_ No rtIpIe«ilation is . . - thai !fie qualMy aI Jhe legal servicw 10 btl per10mwJ iI (JIN1tI< fhB11 Jhe quality aI ~ _. _ " . . ..."lddby_lI..,..,..

_rna

ten,

~ pedoonoed;, grNter /han Jhe ~ oIlt1gM ..... icIoI pedonltld by 011..-111..,....,..

""" to

• FOREN SIC DOC UMENT EXAMINA· TION: Hanc!wriI;,g.lypelOriIiI'Il. altered doo:vrnenIs. medical . - . ..... con- . ~ <:/'Ief;b . .. ooo",mous lei· leIS. CourI~ 'a I , years' _ ..... Certdiad. N!'IIricIIrI Boerd 01 Fof9reic DoctmanI ExanwtIIL _ _

s....

Am.rlcan Socl.'~ 01 Ouulloned Documanl Examir'Iars, AmerIcan Acad-

TIlE AL..\IWIA LAWYER

• EQUIPMENT LEASING I fiNANCING: Do you need eq.,;pment lor you. law oIfl<:I or buoiloe .... ? My Iype: llle\)IlOoe or romp.lIe, system,. 011109 lumilUm ,

Coprlr •. commercial equipment.•'c. My amount 1mm $2.500 10 $ ....",.. My location. You MIKI; WOIi fInance_ Le1 .. buy ~ and _ _ • 10 you. Pton'IpI

has.". c._ Br."

~ No Carnal (member 01 Alabamll SUl1e Sar)'1 I· 800·373·9602. Ol,nlll Enl.. prlsls. EqJipmenlleasing & linencr.o. No rep___lion is ,..... II'IaI II'Ia quMty 01

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• MEDIATOR : Ann. Lee Olallina an· noune" the tOfmatlon 01 Madiatlon

prlvate

• INSURANCE EXPERT 'MTNESS: Bad tailrl fir10 ~. Origin and cause con.......nVexpert. LJcensed -"iu_ for 29

years. Ce<Iified !Ye and aJq)loslon nvas'9atOllinsllllC!or. InvIII>ga".. & Fir. eon...bwe SeMceI. 1nI;.. 3258 Qohe. boIl-tIogrU RoId. Bir".oghern. AIIIbarnII ~'J-16' • . Phone , -&oO-597·92o.t. Jim Posay. p.-~ , Fe. (205) 967·

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• MEDI C AL fACILITY MANAGING EX PERT: AdrrWiisttator ifIIith 25 yea,,' • ...lera running MIP'* al<\e<'dld Uf. tecililies, .. 1tabi~Lltlon centers. , , * - , '*''-. ....:I cIInicI. Ex\en. IiYe .>q)Irience in medical maIprac1ice caMI , 1'1\.0. in he.lth admlr>istfBtioro. Phone (919) 9:29-1885.

• MEDICAL EXPERT TESTIMONY: HCAI ";11 .... ,.... you. poI.,m.1 . . . . denial maIpoacb caM lor ~ an:!

cauulion .... , •. " your use has no md CO' II poor. we wi p!tl\'ide • If" wriIIen f&!lOII. STAT .ffidoovits am

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available. Health Car. AudilOlS. IrIC .•

SEI'Tf.MI:If:1I ]995 / 323

135n FN ther Sound Drive. Suile 690. Clearwater. Florida 34622·~. Phone (613) 5~6054. Fill( (8131 573-1333, • INSURANCE EXPERT WITNESS: Bad laith.ilraudlin 5urance coverage!~lalm5 mo~ issues. Former c:IaOn5 anornev with prior sa les background ava~able 10 consul! alld testif;' in cases wilh inSlJ rance dispules. E. periencOO in !rIaltes1irnon)'. ExoeIIen1 erodentials, AC. Jones. Jr.• JD. CLU, BillTlingham, Alabama. Phor.e (205) 251·236(1. No representaliOO is made thai the qoJality 01 the legal seMoes \0 be periOllllle<l is grealer than the quality 01 legal seMces perlormed by other laW)'ers, • MEDIATION SERVIC ES: Ted Sirong 01 Strong & Klasing has oompIatlld 30 tIoofS 01 IJlIining in meoistion &nO dispule M$OI(I\ion, and has beo:>me certified by !he Medation Coopooaliool. Strong Is avalla~e lor medial"",s statewide, Con\8c1 Strong & Ktasroo. 1314 AIIord Avenue, Suilu 101, 8<rmiogham, Alabama 35226. Phone (205) 823-9393. F"" (205) 979·71 43. No rt1{)f6s"",arion!s made 1M! tI>iI quality of rtoe legal $iI" vices 10 be performerJ is {Jr68tf1r ilia" tI>iI quality of !6ga1 _ per10tmed by Otl>ilr l8.."efS.

• INSURANCE EXPERT WITN ESS: LIti· gation suppo<1 seMces for delendants alld pfain~fls. specializing in property,

casoo/Iy and morine, Twenty-five V.... rs' expeoleo ce as agent. _ am 18a1:hu<. CV on r..queSI. Mark e, Rooon. CPCU. 401 Bryan Circl&, South, Brandon. Flori· M 3351 1-6034. Phone (813) 685- 1110.

POSITIONS OFFERED • ATTORNEY J OB S: Ind ispensab le

i\'lOI'IIIIIv job-hun1ir>9 b<JIIoIin 1is1ir>9 500-

FOR SALE • LAWB OOKS: Wimam S, Hein & Co. Inc., .e"'in9 the legal community lor over 60 years, We ~, self. appralse BII lawbooks. Send want lists 10: Fax (716) 883-5595 or phone HlOO·4WM· HEIN.

600 cu rrent job$ (govemment. PliV8le soclOt. pWIic in_I). RFPs, alld Iegaf search opporrunities lor attomoys at aU levels 01 e>q)8rience In Washing1On. DC, nallonwid .. and abroad. Order Ihe Nationaf alld F-..J LIIgaf Employment AepO"l rom: F&deral RepOrts. 1010 Vermont Avenue. NW . Suile 408-AB. washington. DC 20005, S39-3 mon1!'lS: S69-6 months. PhoM 1·800-296-9611.

V..,.." • LAWBOQKS: Save 50 peroanl on v""r IaWbooks. Call National Law Resource. AmerIca's IargaslIawbooks 0eaIer. Huge Invenloriu. Lowesl prices. Excellent ~. Satislaction guaranteed. Ca. us to sell you' unneeded book • . Need she lving? We sell n.. w, brand name, sleel and wood shelving at discount I>rice •. Fr.... Q\KiIes. 1·600·279-7799. N a1ioM1 LIIw Resource.

• L AW BOOKS : Enli,e law libra ry 01 ~ allOtl'ley; ova< 1.600 "'*"'-. Can be &Old as a whole set or indMdu811)1. AH books in very good 10 eJ<CelIen1 corodition arid ara porIced 10 sell, Some .-d to be updaled. For more inlormation or an inventory ~Sl. phone 1-1100233-0794. ext, 6181. arid ast< 10< Mark

POSITION WANTED • EMP LO YMENT DISCRIMIN AT ION AnORNEY : GraW!iIe. 1997. 01 lOp law school with praCl iee concentrated In employmenl discrimination, labor law, woOOIfS' compens.alion arid allernalive ~ resolution is Intemsted In explorIng either assoc iate or "01 counsel" poSition with ~ Ii-m, plainIiff or defense. Curren\tv. in-toc:ouse !rial counsel lor large, mu/tlna1ioM1"""""'" Hon . Admilled in Alabama and Olher states. Please rep/)I to "Labor Lawyer', P,O. Box 36 11 98. Bimllngham. AJaba-

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ADDRESS CHANGES ,1Ianat.

Compl<1< tbe form b<1(:rw ONLY if thon .,.. 1O}'OIl' lioting in 1110 culTtnl i\klbot>w &- Dir..<:IOT/I. Duo 10 ,~ in tho .<10M. 1/01'eming . Iection oI'bar ,ommi>oion<rs. .... now.n nquirtd 10 .... mtrnbtrs' oIfirc oddrusa. is .",Hoble or. _rnbtr i> l'f'lI> ibittd lrom ncriving .tlt. bar mail .t 1110 oIfirc. Addilionofly. thoA/ab.:lma fur [)"m::10T/I ;, compiltd from our mailing lilt ond il is important 10 ..... oddr...... for that ruson. NOTE: If"~ do IIOl """". 01' an odd, ... clwlll< ..... <MIflOI m>k< tho nt<:...ar)' clwlg.. on ou, ~ '" pi ..... lIOli fy \l$ whon your oddJ ... chang<s. Moil fo"" 10>: CIrri" .. T. Ptftm.n. P.O. lime 67 1. MonllOrnny. AL 36101.

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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mrmlr<, Idtntifiuhon (Social So<u'il)'l Nurnbtr

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1 1 s..." 1 1 1 1 L _______________________________________________ J ZIPC<>o!o

324 I SE I'TEMBER 1995

CoonI)'

TH E Au.RAMA LAWYER

Quick! What'sThe Value Of Your Client's Company? TIiVo I RS (OR A DF,I'AllTING Pf<ll"rnf;X OM .\iOON_T().8F,_f:X·SF'OUSE OR TIlE IXECIJfOIt Of' TIIK .:S"I<':":)

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os PI-;Jt.\.IA.-":NI" ST,..."', "'''1) ,","UN() IS TilE

TOP EIGlrr I'I-;RO~"T OF AOCOtINl1NG OI!Gh."IJ.",,'I()NS 1'1"110"'....'0+: IS OUAl.rlV 01' CUI:/'oT REPORTS. '

2 NIl-Bt:;.<,"T :

!''''...IC. G o WITH TilE Bt:ST. CAu. 930-9 11 1 TODAY "WIlT A fREE IIUSINt:SS VALUATION CONSULTATION.

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WlLLlAMS ·TAYlOR·ACTON ~I'O

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(roS) '30-9111

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