Alamodoso Magazine Fathers Day Issue 2019 by Alamodoso Magazine

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FOLLOW THE HERD TO

CARRIZOZO

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ITS PANORAMIC in CARRIZOZO Thirty-five photographers, each one showPanoramas anyone? Bigger must be better so come to Carrizozo and check out the enormous casing their unique and inspiring art, are wall of newly added panoramas at Photozozo. currently represented. The detail and grandeur is like none other withbreathtaking views that make you feel as if you are personally transported into the beauty and magic of New Mexico. These photo canvases are the perfect focal point for home orbusinesses that draws its own fanfare without a publicist. Sizes range from 10” X 30” up to 32” X 96”.

Once you are here, relax and be taken away by scenes of beauty, nostalgia, peace, and art in this beautiful one of a kind building in the art savvy community of Carrizozo. You will breathe easy and want to stay a while. It’s true. NEW MEXICO TRUE.

Panorama photographers include Richard T. Bryant, Robert Flaherty, Theodore Greer, Jerry Kelly, Jeremy Landau, Lee Manning, Tony Mattson, and Irene Owsley. Tularosa’s own Gary Manzanares is the focus of the emerging, or should we say “developing”, NM photographer section. This young man definitely has the photographer’s eye for color,sunsets and unique observations. Smoke around the campfire is that Gary could very well be the next mover and shaker among expert NM photographers. By always searching and including the latest and freshest photo work in NM, Lyndia Radice has illuminated the gallery walls with her bird photography. You will be inspired by the apparent vigilance and prowess needed to capture these fleeting moments in nature. Lyndia’s work is available framed, matted and in sets of notecards. Come and enjoy the home of the largest photography gallery, largest collection of White Sands images, EXCLUSIVE exhibitor of the new mexico Magazine Photo Contest Winners, and largest panorama exhibit in the state of New Mexico. Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

Tularosa Basin Gallery of Photography 401 12th Street, Carrizozo Wednesday - Saturday 10-5 Sunday Noon - 5 Monday 10-5 Tuesday Closed www.photozozo.org

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ABOUT THE MAN IN THE MOON An original poem by Gloria Marie of Globug

On a pearly moonlit night

noticed the gentle breeze

The fireflies were flashing light,

As I walked without a care.

Doing it just for me and all around me I could see 'Cause the Man in the Moon was shining bright.

Most of the Earth had gone to sleep Because the night was getting deep

Calm and warm was that night in June, And full and round was the Man in the Moon.

But the Man in the Moon and I could wait to us it didn't feel so late

He looked at me with smiling eyes from way above in the heavenly skies And together we harkened the crickets tune.

Oh this night was ours to keep.

On that pearly moonlit night When the Man in the Moon was shining bright

A trillion stars were hanging there In the velvet midnight air That moved so softly through the trees I hardly Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

We shared each other with smiling eyes and it came as little surprise That he was my heart's delight.

BORN TO BE WILD An original short story by Junior Thurman, Artesia, NM

I know it'll come as a big surprise to close friends and family, well, maybe not family, or some close friends, but, even in my youth, growing up in New Mexico, I often strayed from the straight and narrow, although getting caught by my mom and her strap of justice was the usual reward. I remember, a neighboring friend and I would sneak off and smoke cigarettes, belonging to our dads', my dad smoked Camels, his dad smoked Lucky Strike. We, not quite addicted, weren't that particular about which brand we used, most of the time we went with what was available, and less apt to be missed. Discarded, half smoked cigarettes were fair game to us in a bind, like alcoholics, begging dimes on the corner, we got into discarded cigarette butts, to ease our tobacco, or nicotine craving. Lighting up, taking a deep puff, initially caused a fit of coughing, but, although turning green at times, it was worth it to us, to be able to enter the adult world for a while. We were big shots, born to be wild. We were now smokers, for us, one small step into the grownup world.

about every two weeks. I can still hear my mom exclaiming, "My God, what happened to your face? Have you been shaving again? I told you to leave your dads razor alone." "Hey, who sprayed shaving cream all over the bathroom?" Too late, I was already out the door and on my way to school......... It was a good idea to leave one or two pieces of toilet tissue on your face, and a glob of shaving cream behind one ear, to impress the other kids, "What's that, nick yourself, is that shaving cream behind your ear?" "Yep", I said, "doggonit, I accidentally nicked myself shaving this morning, first time that's happened in a while." Times have changed, I've gotten older, oh, I can still run with the wild bunch, just ask my wife, "Oh, yes, he's a real live wire." Eye roll. But, seriously, I can still get wild with the best of em til about 9:15, my bedtime nowadays......

Usually, about once a week we met at an old vacant house for our secret smoking club meetings, now attended by five or six wannabes. One day, a passing neighbor, Edith Batie, seeing smoke drifting out the windows during one of our secret meetings, called the fire department, "That's right, the old Murphy place, now a vacant house, is on fire, smoke is billowing out the broken windows. Please hurry." Luckily, we all escaped without injuries, except Loyd, one of the younger kids, who got sick and turned green for a while. The stress I guess. Thinking back to those days so long ago when we were kids, wanting to be noticed, I laugh at the lengths we'd go to for a little notoriety. I remember I started shaving a couple of years before I actually needed to, mistaking peach fuzz for whiskers. Amazing how much shaving foam comes out of that can for an inexperienced adult pushing the trigger. After shaving, the Band-Aids and toilet tissue came in handy stanching the blood from numerous nicks. At times, I wondered if I might need a blood transfusion. Luckily, I didn't have to shave but Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

Pisces June 2019 horoscope foretells that you will have to come down your high horse and face reality as it is. You have been hiding behind the shadows of others without really making yourself known to the world around you. To be successful, you will have to bring out the creative nature that will immensely help you. There is a high chance that you will need people more that you thought possible. Love will come at an expense for you this month. You are prone to ignoring people including your spouse and Pisces children, but it is high time you stoop low and make binding relationships that will help you in the future. Superiority is something you need to take into consideration and respect. You are hard headed, and this gives you problems with your boss at work. You need to calm down and get your act together to keep your job You are a spender, and this will affect you greatly since you will be broke by the end of the month. Friends will help you where they can, but you will have to try as much as possible to learn how to save and spend on those things that are important..

Based on the Cancer 2019 June horoscope, your social life this month will be very important and successful. The Cancer personality success will also depend on the assistance of other people. You are entirely dependent on other people for everything in your life this month. The Cancer sun sign is losing his or her voice and identity because other people are dictating your views and choices. You will be socially active this month. This month, however, is not favorable for you to make major decisions such as those involving marriage or breakups. Your health will be remarkable until the 23rd of this month. After the 23rd you will require much rest since your body is not used to hard labor. You will improve your health by having a proper diet and exercising. Psychological checkups will also improve your health. This month your financial prospects are looking good. You will earn money by investing in ventures such as sales and marketing. You will mostly spend your earnings on equipment that enhance technology. The domestic projects you indulge in will also be a source of income for you.

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Grilled Steak with Greek Corn Salad Remove 2 tablespoons of the vinaigrette to a large bowl; set aside. Add the cucumber, tomatoes, red onion, feta and olives to the bowl with the remaining vinaigrette; toss to coat.

Ingredients ● 3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil ● 2 tablespoons red wine vinegar ● 2 tablespoons chopped fresh oregano and/or mint

● 1 small red onion, diced

● Grill the corn, turning occasionally, until charred in spots, about 8 minutes; remove to a cutting board. Meanwhile, season the steaks with salt and pepper. Working in batches if necessary, grill the steaks until the edges start browning, about 2 minutes. Flip and cook until browned on the other side, about 30 seconds. Transfer to the bowl with the reserved vinaigrette; toss to coat.

● 1/2 cup crumbled feta cheese (about 4 ounces)

● Cut off the corn kernels and add to the salad. Serve the steak with the corn salad.

● 1 teaspoon honey ● Kosher salt and freshly ground pepper ● 1 English cucumber, peeled and chopped ● 1 pint grape or cherry tomatoes, halved

Cook’s Note

● 1/3 cup pitted green olives, sliced ● 2 ears of corn, shucked ● 1 1/4 pounds cube steaks

Directions

Cube steak is an inexpensive cut of beef that has been tenderized by machine. If you can't find it, pound a top round steak with a meat mallet.

● Preheat a grill to high. Whisk the olive oil, vinegar, herbs, honey, 3/4 teaspoon salt and a few grinds of pepper in a medium bowl. Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

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In the heart of New Mexico's Tularosa Basin lies the world's largest gypsum dune field. Originating in an ancient lake bed, the wind-driven gypsum sands have engulfed 275 square miles of desert. But the snow-white gypsum sands are only part of the story of White Sands National Monument. To the west of the dune field lies a low, extremely flat area called the Alkali Flat. The southern end of the Alkali Flat, called Lake Lucero, is a depression that occasionally fills with water. The Alkali Flat and Lake Lucero are remnants of a much larger lake that once occupied the Tularosa Basin. Together they constitute the primary source of gypsum sand that forms the dune field.

dissolved gypsum were washed from the mountains into the lake. About 12,000 years ago the climate changed again. With the end of the ice age, less rain fell on the mountains and warming temperatures began to dry up Lake Otero. As the water in Lake Otero slowly evaporated, the dissolved gypsum in the lake gradually increased in concentration to the point where the water became saturated. In the muddy floor of the shrinking Lake Otero, gypsum crystals began to form. Known as selenite, these knife-like gypsum crystals grew to be as much as four feet long. By about 4,000 years ago, Lake Otero had completely evaporated, leaving behind a dry lake bed, or playa, now called the Alkali Flat. Beneath the clay and silt surface of the Alkali flat the gypsum, now in crystal form, was waiting for the wind.

The mountains that surround the Tularosa basin On rare occasions the lowest part of the alkali flat, at contain large amounts of gypsum, exposed in the lightthe extreme southern end, still fills up with water. After colored layers of rock near the top of the San Andres heavy rains, about ten square miles may be flooded, Mountains to the west and the Sacramento Mountains to creating a temporary lake known as Lake Lucero. the east. While Lake Lucero is only a small fraction of the size During the last ice age (about 24,000 to 12,000 years of Lake Otero, its ice age predecessor, it is a critical link ago) the climate was much cooler and wetter than today. in the geologic process that continues to produce Large amounts of rain and snow fell on the surrounding gypsum sand. mountains and a glacier formed on Sierra Blanca, the high peak to the northeast. Beneath the surface of Lake Lucero, selenite crystals continue to form, even during periods when there is no Rain and snow melt from the mountains dissolved standing water. Because runoff from the mountains gypsum, and other soluble minerals from the rocks and cannot escape to the sea, the soils of the basin contain carried them into the basin. vast amounts of water very close to the surface. At Lake Normally, water from the mountains would flow into Lucero, the water table is usually only two to four feet below ground. rivers and be carried to the sea, but the Tularosa Basin has no outlet. With no way to escape, the gypsum-laden runoff filled the lower parts of the basin and created a 1,600 square mile lake known as Lake Otero. For perhaps 20,000 years Lake Otero occupied the Tularosa Basin. Silt, clay, and millions of tons of

From this shallow depth, ground water, heavily laden with dissolved gypsum, moves upward to the surface of Lake Lucero through capillary action. As the water approaches the playa surface, it evaporates and selenite crystals form in the mud just beneath ground level.

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Archaeological Discoveries at High Rolls Cave If you stand at the entrance to High Rolls Cave in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico, you are probably seeing the same view as some long-ago hunter-and-gatherer. To the west are the flat scrublands of the Tularosa Basin and the gypsum dunes of White Sands. On the horizon lie the gray humps of the San AndrĂŠs Mountains. To the north, beyond Fresnal Creek, stand the vertical scarp of limestone and the low overhang of Fresnal Rock Shelter. Farther up the canyon, a conifer forest is punctuated by dolomite outcrops. Archaeologists conducted archaeological testing here in 1996 and 2000, revealing deposits from the middle and late Archaic periodsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;about 3,500 years ago. The excavations exposed deeply stratified materials, floors, diagnostic artifacts, and features radiocarbon dated to 1500 BC to AD 250. Testing found the central hearth complex, was intact. Floors were marked by thick layers of organic materials placed there by the occupants to hold down the fine gypsum dust and insulate their bodies from the sharp limestone spalls blanketing the cave floor. In these layers, a 3,000-year-old globed mountain mahogany leaf looked like it just fallen from the tree the year before. This remarkable level of preservation allowed us to collect more than 80 reliable radiocarbon dates, making it one of the best-dated dry-cave sites in the Southwest. Because of the dating sequence, dart point types, Mexican plant species, and distinctive sandal styles, the people who first occupied the cave probably came from the south, from the Hueco Bolson mountain of South Otero County , or even northern Mexico. During excavating archaeologists encountered many unusual items. There was a yucca pod stuffed with a mixture of goosefoot, pigweed, amaranth and other wild seeds, immediately decreed "the earliest breakfast

burrito." This ingenious, tasty food item was apparently sampled, and mysteriously discarded. Later discovered were odd, nacreous concretions that were in fact urinary calculi, similar to human kidney stones, which develop in the viscera of animals and fall out when they are butchered. Items recovered from this level included cordage, sandals, blanket and basket fragments, snares (one of human hair), knots, cordage, wooden artifacts, and feathers. There were also shell beads from the Pacific coast and the Gulf of Mexico, and bones from deer, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and turkey. Plant remains included cultivated parched and stored amaranth, tobacco, corn, parched and stored acorns and piĂąon nuts, and abundant quantities of giant dropseed grass, sunflower, yucca, agave, mesquite, feather grass and sotol seeds. Other intriguing finds were a feather bundle and an amulet necklace By the late third century AD, populations moved down to the Mesilla-El Paso phase sites in the Tularosa Basin, and for several centuries the cave remained vacant. We found no traces of pottery from later Mogollon peoples or materials from historic Plains groups. In the late 1800s, cowboys rested under the cool overhang when driving their herds to summer pastures. In the twentieth century, the cave sustained sporadic use by picnickers fleeing the scorching lowlands, and between 1910 and 1931, locals scrawled graffiti in pencil on the back walls. During the construction of US 82, workers discarded lunch bags, cigarette packages, and blasting caps in the cave. In the 1960s a hippie occupied the site for a while and then disappeared.

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HONDO VALLEY HISTORY

The Hondo Valley has a long history of human use. The first documented habitations were built by the Jornada Mogollon people who lived in round subterranean pit houses. They built their villages between about AD 900 and 1450 on terraces overlooking the Rio Bonito and Rio Hondo and farmed in the valley bottoms. In the historic period the valley was occupied by Apache groups well into the nineteenth century. Apache people lived and fanned on a small scale in the valleys and hunted in the surrounding mountains. As Apaches gained the use of the horse through trade with Spanish and Mexican explorers and settlers in the 1600s and 1700s, they also staged raids on Mexican and Hispano trade routes and farms in the surrounding lowlands. Hispano farmers and traders fought back when attacked, but were unable to muster the military force necessary to pursue the attackers into the mountains. Thus the Apache exercised military control over the surrounding lowlands throughout the 1700s and early 1800s. This continued until after the area became part of the United States

through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico in 1848. One of the first priorities of the Americans in the newly formed Territory of New Mexico was to build a series of forts to establish a military presence in the area. Fort Stanton was built adjacent to the Rio Bonito in 1855. One of the primary orders of the troops at Fort Stanton was to make the area safe for settlement. Not only did the fort provide protection against Apache raids, but it also served as the major market for agricultural goods for early settlers. With the protection of Fort Stanton, Hispano and subsequent EuroAmerican immigrants to the Hondo Valley prospered by farming and herding sheep, goats and cattle. During the late 1850s and early 1860s, Hispanics established farming and ranching communities along the Rio Bonito and Rio Hondo. These early settlers most likely came from Rio Grande valley communities and Manzano Mountain villages. They constructed acequias (irrigation ditches), grew com,

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wheat and beans, and herded sheep and goats in the surrounding hills. Land was held in common and property was held by right of possession.

pears, and cabbage.

By 1907, there was an auto, stage and mail route between Alamogordo and Roswell, which would By the end of the 1880s, many of the smaller farms become US Highway 70 in 193 I. in the Hondo Valley became concentrated in the The rough dirt road climbed several large hills and hands of a few owners, both Euro-American and forded the Hondo River fourteen times. residents Hispanic. The closing of Fort Stanton in 1896 meant continued to use horse drawn wagons to haul wood that farmers switched to more profitable crops and goods from nearby towns, automobile use grew including cotton and alfalfa. Fruit and vegetable throughout the 1930s and 1940s for basic production became one of the most important transportation needs. economic activities in the Valley and included apples,

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Chile Rellenos de Pescado Ingredients: ● 4 Large Big Jim Green Chiles, Poblano Chiles, or Anaheim Chiles ● 1 lb. boneless fillet fish (i.e. shark, halibut, trout, tilapia, salmon, etc.) ● 1/4 cup light cream ● 2 tablespoons light mayonnaise ● 2 Tomatoes, diced into small cubes ● 2 Hot New Mexico Green Chiles, chopped finely ● 7 Eggs ● 1 cup Flour ● 4 cups Tomato Soup or New Mexico Red Chile ● Salt ● pepper ● Oil for frying

● Season the fish fillets and broil on the grill, allow to cool and then shred finely. ● Mix the cream, mayonnaise, fish, diced tomatoes and chile. ● Stuff mixture into the Chiles, use toothpicks to secure mixture into chiles if necessary ● Dip the Stuffed chile into flour, then in egg batter (For a simple batter, whip 5-7 egg whites until stiff peaks form. Beat the egg yolks in a separate bowl with a pinch or two of salt. Slowly fold the yolks into the batter without breaking down the whites. It’s okay if the yolks look kind of streaked through the batter. Do not stir them in, or the whites will break down and the batter will become soupy.) and then into the flour again. ● Heat oil in a frying pan and fry the chiles till golden brown on medium-high heat, drain excess oil on paper towels. ● Heat the tomato soup, season and add a little at the bottom of a bowl, then add the stuffed chiles.

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The Abandoned Town In New Mexico That Most People Stay Far, Far Away From Today, most people stay away from Dawson, a town located between Cimarron and Raton. Since the cemetery is all that remains of this old mining settlement, that’s not surprising. However, the fact that it’s a ghost town is not what keeps visitors at bay. See, Dawson is a haunted ghost town.

fight ready to settle the matter with six-guns, but later he consented to settling the matter in the courts. Dawson admitted that his transaction with Maxwell in 1869 was purely verbal; stating that a promise and a handshake was the way Maxwell had always done business.

Dawson hired an attorney and the case was tried in the fall of 1893 favoring Dawson in their decision. The court held that the Land Grant Company could not prove that Dawson did not own the land and the mineral rights. And, much to the Land Grant Company’s chagrin, the courts further found that After settling on his land, Dawson found coal on Dawson had not bought the 1,000 acres that he had his property. Scraping chunks of coal from the surface thought, but rather 20,000 acres. of his farm land, he burned it in his stove rather than Dawson and his partner, Charles Springer, ranched using wood. At first, his neighbors thought he was a the land until 1901, when he sold most of the property little crazy, but out of curiosity, several asked for to the Dawson Fuel Company for $400,000. He samples and were pleased at the results, so much so retained 1200 acres for himself and continued to that Dawson began to sell the coal to his neighbors. ranch. In 1870 Lucien B. Maxwell sold his interest in the The Dawson Fuel Co. was founded with the help Maxwell Land Grant. The property was quickly sold two more times over the next two years and in 1872 it of Charles B. Eddy of El Paso, Texas, a railroad promoter. A 137-mile-long railroad was built from the was in the hands of a Dutch Firm who was aggressively looking for ways to exploit the resources mine to Tucumcari, New Mexico linking the spot with of the grant. The grant owners immediately attempted the Rock Island Lines. By August 1, 1901, a crew of fifty miners was ready to work. A sawmill was busy to extract rents from many of the squatters living on the grant; however, they often had no way of knowing turning out lumber for houses, coke ovens were smoking and by the end of that first year, Dawson was who was a legal owner and who was not. When they well on the way to becoming a city and the center of found out that the Dawson land was heavily laced the largest coal mining operation in New Mexico. with coal, they wanted to develop the vein and Later, the company built a hundred cottages for 500 attempted to evict Dawson. Dawson was ready to In 1869, John Barkley Dawson came to the Vermejo Valley looking for a place to homestead. He found it 5 1/2 miles upstream from the settlement of Colfax and paid $3,700 to Lucien B. Maxwell for the deed, finalizing the verbal deal with a handshake.

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more people and erected additional coke ovens. Off to a quick start, the town was prosperous and growing. Tragedy struck the first of many blows to the new community on September 14, 1903 when fire broke out in the No. 1 Mine, followed by several explosions. With the grace of God, 500 miners escaped. The men worked for a week to control the fire and when it was over three were dead. By 1905, 124 coke ovens were belching fire and the town was thriving with about 2000 residents. By this time the settlement boasted a post office, a liquor store, a mercantile, a school,

might need — food, clothing, shoes, hardware, furniture, drugs, jewelry, baked goods and ice from its own plant. A modern hospital was built which maintained a staff of five doctors and was complete with a laboratory, surgery and x-ray equipment. For their leisure time, the miners enjoyed the use of the company built movie theater, swimming pool, bowling alley, baseball park, pool hall, golf course, lodge hall, and even an opera house. Phelps Dodge also supported two churches, one Catholic and one Protestant. Children attended either the Central Elementary School in downtown Dawson or the Douglas Elementary School on Capitan Hill. A large high school building was built that eventually employed 40 teachers and their athletic teams won many state championships. The company also built a steam-powered electric plant, which powered not only Dawson, but also the nearby towns of Walsenburg, Colorado, and Raton. Providing good-paying jobs for the residents, the extra features of the company town helped keep the employment stable and under the new management Dawson’s population grew quickly to 3,500

Amazingly, there no remains, other than the cemetery, of this once thriving community of over 9,000 residents. In 1950, the coal mining operation was shut down and the town was razed. Dawson became a mecca for miners from all over the world with immigrants arriving from Italy, China, Poland, Germany, Greece, Britain, Finland, Sweden, and Mexico. The miners worked together to dig the coal that fueled an area equal to 1/6 of the United States and Dawson grew into a company town of about 9,000.

Lucien B. Maxwell In 1906 the Phelps Dodge Corporation bought the Dawson mines and, sparing no expense, determined to make Dawson a model city and the ideal company town. The company built spacious homes for its miners, supplied with water from the company’s water system. They also built a four-story brick building which housed the Phelps Dodge Mercantile Department Store which sold virtually anything the townsfolk

Yet, Dawson was doomed to suffer a series of tragedies that shadowed its history to the end. During this period of abundance and prosperity Dawson suffered its worst catastrophe on Wednesday, October 22, 1913, only two days after the mine’s inspection. The morning dawned bright and clear and 284 miners reported to work at Stag Canyon Mine No. 2. Work went on as usual until a little after three p.m. when the mine was rocked by a huge explosion that sent a tongue of fire 100 feet out of the tunnel mouth shaking the homes in Dawson two miles away.

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Relief and disaster crews were rushed from neighboring towns. Phelps Dodge sent a trainload of doctors, nurses and medical supplies up from El Paso and striking miners in Colorado ceased picketing and offered to form rescue teams. Working around the clock, rows of bodies were brought to the surface. The distraught wives and family members clogged and impeded the operations around the mouth of the mine. Only 23 of the 286 men working in the mine were found alive. Two of the rescuers were themselves killed by falling boulders in the shaft. Mass funerals were conducted for the victims and row upon row of graves dug, making it necessary to extend the cemetery far up the hill. The cemetery was marked by white iron crosses and the burials continued for

section of the mine. Dynamite, not a permitted explosive, was being used. The Bureau of Mines allowed certain types of explosives, but blasting was to be conducted only when all miners were evacuated and water sprays were to be used to settle the coal dust. These rules had obviously been ignored. Safety measures were heavily increased after the disastrous explosion and subsequent accidents were comparatively minor with few fatalities. The mining continued and in 1918, the Dawson mines reached their peak production of over four million tons of coal. Tragedy hit Dawson again on February 8, 1923, at about 2:20 PM, in Stag Canyon Mine No. 1. When a mine train jumped its track, it hit the supporting timbers of the tunnel mouth, and ignited coal dust in the mine. There were 123 men in the mine at the time. Many women who lost husbands in the earlier disaster waited anxiously for their sons to appear out of the smoke. Early the next morning two miners who had been in an isolated section of the mine walked out. They were the only survivors. After the clean up, Dawson continued to thrive for almost three decades, with sons following their fathers into the mines. But gradually railroads began to convert to diesel-electric locomotives, while natural gas and heating oil replaced coal as the fuel to heat homes. There was a brief resurgence of mining during World War II, but after that, it was clear coal was a fuel of the past. On April 30, 1950 the mine was shut down. The announcement meant the death of the company town. Dawson is located on private property, but you can get close enough to the cemetery to feel a certain tension in the air. That coupled with the unnatural stillness may be why many believe this ghost town to be haunted.

Explosion View, February, 1923

weeks. It was the second worst mine disaster of the century. Investigators determined that the explosion had been caused by an overcharged blast in a dusty pillar

Driving Directions: Take highway 64 northeast from Cimarron for about 10 miles to the old Dawson Road, just north of the old ghost town of Colfax. Turn left (northwest) for about five miles on a dirt road. A locked gate prohibits access to the old townsite of Dawson. The cemetery is just to the right.

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Tularosa

Invites You to Visit

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The Waterboss

Robert lay back on the hard earth, using his empty, rolled up sack to pillow his head. Betty Jo, out of habit, drew pictures in the dirt with part of a cotton stem. “What’s the matter with Ronald today?” she finally asked, breaking the silence. “He hasn’t said a word to me all day… not even ‘Hi’.” “I dunno,” Robert said after a moment. “He’s in one of his moods, I guess. He gets that way sometimes.” He watched her making marks on the ground. “I wouldn’t pay him no mind if I were you.” She shook her head, then smoothed over the marks with the stem. “Just seems strange,” she said, reaching out for her sack. “I better get back to filling this up again.” She got up to leave. “Thanks for emptying it for me.” He lay still on the ground. “Sure thing,” he said as she walked away.

A Historical Fiction Novel

By Julie Lloyd

Later in the day, after she had picked enough cotton to fill the sack part way, she couldn’t resist the urge to lie back on it for just a few moments of rest and watch fluffy white clouds floating in the sky above. Dry dust mingled with the smell of dry cotton filled her nostrils, making a memory scent she could recall for years to come. Turning her head, she found herself looking at a pair of small brown scuffed shoes beside her. She let her gaze move upward to bare ankles, then on to a ragged pair of jeans covering skinny legs. Finally, her eyes were looking into a pair of deep blue eyes staring down at her from a thin, almost skinny face. She bolted upright and spoke.

CHAPTER 18 THE MIGRANT FAMILY BETTY JO MEETS ANOTHER BROTHER The bright, hot afternoon sun beat down and its heat stifled her. Betty Jo noticed that Ronald had not spoken to her all day, but Robert had been extra friendly. He was at the wagon weighing out when she came up with her full sack.

“Hi. You were so quiet, I didn’t hear you.” “Hi,” a young boy of about ten years responded. “You’re Betty Jo, ain’t you?” She shook her head. “I’m Ronnie’s little brother. Can I ask you a question?” She nodded.

After he emptied his long, tightly packed canvas sack, he graciously emptied hers, they sat taking a short break in the shade of the cotton wagon sipping warm water from a quart Kerr jar. They didn’t talk at first, but simply sat still, relaxed.

“Why’d you tell Robert you didn’t want nuthin’ to do with Ronnie? That he was just white trash.”

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Story Continues Page 52

“That I said he was what?” she asked, astonished. “I never said that.” “That’s what Robert told him you said,” the boy insisted. “I did not! Where’d you hear that? What’s your name?” she asked hotly.

Betty Jo tucked a quart jar of water next to the tire on the cotton trailer to keep it out of the sun. It wouldn’t stay cold, but it would be wet, and that was what would taste good later on after working in the sun during the day. Very little cotton was in the bed of this dilapidated old trailer. The full one from yesterday was gone, towed to the cotton gin late in the afternoon and replaced with this empty one.

“I heard Robert tell him that and it really hurt his feelings and pissed him off,” the boy declared. “My name is Roland. I’m their little brother.” “Roland, I don’t know why Robert would say that to Ronald. Boy, you have lots of R’s in your family!” He grinned for the first time. “Yeah, and I have two little sisters. The biggest one is Rhoda and the baby is Rosie. They stay with Momma ‘cause they’re too little to work. Dad says they can’t pick ‘nuff cotton to pay for their cotton sacks. Says I can’t either. That’s why I use a gunny sack.” “Robert, Ronald, Roland, Rhoda, and Rosie.” Betty Jo repeated all the names out loud. “That makes a real tongue twister,” she told him. “And my Mom and Dad are Reba and Rover.” He beamed. “Yep, Reba and Rover Winkler, that’s my Mom and Dad,” he repeated with pride. “Well, Roland, it’s really nice to meet you. I’m so glad you came by with your question. Now I know why Ronald has been acting so strange.” She frowned. “I sure don’t know why Robert would put words in my mouth that I didn’t say.” “He did though,” Roland declared, sticking to his story. “Ronnie got real mad and said if he was white trash, then it looked to him like it was trash mixin’ with trash. He got up then and went outside and threw rocks at an old board, but Robert just laughed.” Roland cocked his head to one side, thought a moment, before continuing, “They’s always playing pranks on each other. Maybe he was just playing a prank on him. Getting’ even for something he done before.”

Chapter 19

“Hi,” Ronald said as she stood up. She returned his greeting with, “Well, hi yourself.” “I hope you’re not mad.” He looked at the ground and scuffed a clod of dirt. “I just want to say I’m sorry for the way I acted yesterday.” He cast a shy look at her. “Wasn’t your fault. Roland told me what you said and that Bob… Robert, was the one who caused the trouble. I just jumped to the wrong conclusion and took it out on you.” “No, I’m not mad,” she assured him. “I thought it was kinda strange, but after Roland talked to me, I figured it out.” He looked at her with a smile. His grey eyes seemed to sparkle. “Me and Bob got it figured out, too, and he got a split lip out of the deal. Don’t think he’ll be telling me fibs again very soon. He needs to find a different way to make you like him best.” Betty Jo gasped. “You didn’t need to fight over it. I think both of you are nice.” “You’re not mad, so we’re good then?” he asked, his grin spreading even wider. “Yeah, we’re good. But, you still didn’t need to fight over something like that.” She shook her head in exasperation, picked up her empty cotton sack, and headed toward the unpicked rows of open burrs bursting with white fiber. “I’ll go with you,” Ronald offered. “I haven’t started picking yet this morning ‘cause I needed to talk to you.” Half way across the field they stopped at the first row that was loaded with cotton.

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Story Continues on Page 56

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“I’ll take these first two rows and you take the next ones,” he said, throwing his sack between the rows. “No, I only pick one row at a time. I’m not good enough or fast enough to take two of them.”

till the cotton was all picked, and we’re only ‘bout half-way through right now.” She looked up at him and blurted, “I hate to see you go, Ronny. I know you ain’t been here long. Just a couple of weeks, but I like having you to talk to while we’re working.”

“Me, too,” he replied. “But, I miss being gone She dropped her sack in the row next to his. In five from home, so I’ll be glad to be back there. I’ll write minutes time, he was already pulling ahead of her, his you once we’re there.” He stopped and his eyes searched her face. “If you want me to,” he added. hands almost a blur they moved so fast, his sack beginning to show a lump from cotton he shoved into “I’d like that,” she said. “Right now I better get it. back to filling up my cotton sack. I haven’t got my hundred pounds picked yet today.” Late in the afternoon, they took a break under the cottonwood tree near the irrigation ditch that was now She stood up to go, her empty cotton sack under dry. All water had been diverted to another ditch, her arms. She leaned over and brushed his lips with watering another pasture eager to soak up the life hers. giving moisture. The air was warm and still. They sat in silence, resting. Betty Jo found a small stick and began making marks in the dirt. Grasshoppers chirped occasionally, jumping from plant to leaf now and then.

“Thanks,” she said, and then turned to find her unfinished cotton row, hoping to get her hundred pounds of cotton picked by the end of the day. She didn’t want him to see the tears brimming in her eyes.

CHAPTER 20

“Betty Jo…” he spoke. She looked up and suddenly he leaned forward to softly kiss her on the lips. She pulled back, and the smiled slightly. “Why’d you do that?” she asked. “You didn’t like it?” he countered. “I didn’t say I didn’t like it. I just wondered why you kissed me just now.” “I just wanted to kiss you at least once before we leave.” “Leave? When you leaving? Why are you leaving? Where are you going?” she asked, the questions running together before he could answer. “Pa told us at noon that we’re leaving just as soon as we get paid for this week’s work. That’s day after tomorrow. He says he’ll have enough to pay for gettin’ the car fixed, then we can get on home…back to Oklahoma.” Betty threw down the cotton stem she had been drawing with and shook her head. “I guess I knew you’d leave before long. I just figured you’d be here

THE MIGRANT FAMILY SAYING GOODBYE Sluggish steps carried Betty Jo and her heavy heart to the field. Torn between being happy for the Winkler family being able to return to their Oklahoma home and being sad that Ronald would no longer be around to brighten her days with his company, she was wrapped in her own thoughts of the night before. She remembered that it was just getting dark when Ronald knocked on the door holding two bottles of orange soda. He surprised her as she wasn’t expecting him. “Hi, Betty Jo,” he stammered. “Since this is our last night here, I thought maybe… if you’d like to… we could sit outside and talk and drink a soda… if you want.” She looked around and called to her mother that she and Ronald were going to sit outside and talk awhile. Then she slipped outside into the warm night air, still dimly lit with waning daylight.

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“Let’s go out under the tree by the ditch where we laughed. “Thanks for making this stop on our way usually sit in the afternoon,” she suggested. “It’s just a home such a nice one.” little way from the house.” Just as Betty Jo placed her regular jar of water beside the wagon wheel, Robert stepped around the “Good idea,” he agreed, already heading in the that corner of the wagon. direction, reaching out for her hand as they walked . “Hi!” Several hundred feet away, they jumped across the shallow ditch and made their way to the base of the His over-loud voice startled her from her thoughts. old cottonwood where they rested every afternoon She jumped and whirled, immediately relaxing when she recognized him. since the day they met only a couple of weeks ago. \ The small patch of grass at the tree base was just large enough for them to sit comfortably, leaning against the huge trunk for support. She accepted the bottle of orange soda he opened and handed to her. It wasn’t cold, but still slightly cool to taste.

“Hi, Robert,” she responded without enthusiasm. “Hey, you and Ron must have had quite a make out session last night. He didn’t get home till early morning.” “We had a nice time,” she agreed.

“This isn’t much of a date,” he apologized, “but there’s not much time or money for a real one. I hope you don’t mind. I just wanted to spend a little time alone with you before we left.”

“Nice time?” He gave a low suggestive laugh. “I’ll bet you did! Did you let him score?”

“Ron,” this is fine,” she assured him. “I’m surprised to see you, but I’m really glad you came by.”

“C’mon, you know what I mean. Did you have sex?” he asked bluntly.

They sat beneath the old tree, laughing and talking, holding hands and occasionally kissing. The moon moved up into the sky, lighting the night with soft brightness. They watched the stars emerge and cover the darkness with a blanket of sparkling pin points. They were so immersed in their happy conversation that time glided away without notice. Just after midnight, Ron said, “I hate to end our night, but it’s getting late and we both have to work tomorrow. I probably should be going.”

“What do you mean by ‘score’?”

I instantly, mixed emotions of anger, resentment, and embarrassment swelled inside of her. She whirled to face him. “Are you crazy? Or just plain stupid!” Her voice was hot with anger.“Just asking,” he said with a laugh. “Not that it’s any of your business,” she retorted, “But you answer is… No.” He continued to tease. “You’ll never know what it’s like if you don’t give it a try.”

“I hate to see you go,” Betty Jo replied, as they stood up, “but you’re right. It’s been a good evening.”

She grabbed up her cotton sack, looked him in the eye, and shot back, “Then I guess I’ll never know Ron leaned toward her, pushing her against the tree what it’s like.” trunk. She stalked off to find the first row of unpicked cotton, thinking to herself that she would miss “Here’s something for us to remember,” he whispered as he pressed his lips to hers in one long, Ronald’s company but she would be glad to see hard, lingering kiss. “You can think of me from now Robert hit the road. on every time you go by this old tree. I’ll bet this tree could tell some great tales if it could only talk.” He Story Continues in Next Issue Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

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with his family to the New Mexico Territory village of Las Placitas in 1863 at age 9. Las Placitas would become the town of Lincoln. Francisco remembers that when he was about 18 years of age, circa 1872, he went to work for the McSweens and stayed in their employ for about two years. Following the historical timeline, this would have really been in 1876 when Gomez was 22 years of age. Francisco Gomez related that one winter Billy the Kid boarded with the McSweens for about seven months. Now history tells us that William Henry McCarty Antrim, later William H. Bonney, known as Billy the Kid, was born in 1859 and arrived in Lincoln around the fall of 1877. Billy lived at the Coe ranch that winter. Gomez related his memories in 1939 and his mind’s calendar might have been off a bit. “He was an awfully nice fellow” Francisco Gomez recalled, “with light brown hair, blue eyes and rather big front teeth. He always dressed very neatly.”

A FIRST-HAND DESCRIPTION OF BILLY THE KID Story Courtesy of Jack Schuster, Ruidoso Back in years 1937-1939, as part of the New Mexico Federal Writers’ Project, Edith Crawford, the representative in Lincoln County, collected a number of interviews of Lincoln County pioneers. These were never published and lost until the collection was brought to the attention of the Lincoln County Historical Society. This vignette is based on that work and taken from the actual words spoken by the subject. Francisco Gomez was born in the Manzano Mountains on September 17, 1854 and moved

Gomez went on to describe Billy’s gun play. “He used to practice target shooting a lot. He would throw up a can and would twirl his six gun on his finger and he could hit the can six times before it hit the ground.” Billy the Kid rode a big roan horse about ten or twelve hands high, according to Gomez. “All that winter when this horse was out in the pasture Billy would go to the gate and whistle and the horse would come up to the gate to him. That horse would follow Billy and mind him like a dog. He was a very fast horse and could outrun most of the other horses around there.” Francisco Gomez stated that he quit working for the McSweens when the Lincoln County War broke out and that was in July of 1878, two months before his 24th birthday. Gomez was 84 years of age when he related this story in 1938.

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Gordodon a dinosaur fossil find near Alamogordo Story courtesy of The Santa Fe New Mexican

Gordodon's name might evoke a certain girth, but this newly discovered reptile from about 300 million years ago was a vegan weighing in at a mere 75 pounds â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a lightweight compared to the mighty dinosaurs that came later. The 2013 find in Southern New Mexico of a fossilized partial skeleton of this sail-backed, 5-footlong creature, announced Wednesday by the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, is forcing experts to rethink the evolution of scaly planteaters. The fossil was found in March 2013 near Alamogordo by Ethan Schuth, who was on a field trip with a geology class from the University of

Oklahoma. Field crews from the natural history museum in Albuquerque collected the fossilized bones and carefully removed the sandstone that covered them. The gordodon is now displayed in the museum's atrium. Its incomplete skeleton consists of the skull, lower jaws and all or parts of 21 vertebrae. "This is one of the most remarkable discoveries I have been a part of," museum paleontologist Spencer Lucas said. The primitive herbivore walked the planet about 75 million years before dinosaurs, he said.

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The gordodon had a specialized jaw and teeth with a gap in them, Lucas said. "Animals that have that

gap today are selective feeders," munching on particular types of vegetation. "Previously, the oldest known animals with teeth as specialized as gordodon were found in rocks no older than 205 million years ago," Lucas said.

The news of the gordodon find was announced first in the journal Palaeontologia Electronica, a publication of the Paleontological Society, in a peerreviewed article by Lucas and museum associates Larry Rinehart, a retired fossil preparer, and researcher and artist Matt Celeskey. Lucas and his co-workers named the reptile Gordodon kraineri.

"We don't know very much about plant eating by

reptiles," he added. The discovery means "we are going to have to rethink what we thought we knew about how early reptiles became herbivores." It's still not known exactly what was in the gordodon's diet, he said. The reptile might have had fermented vegetation in its stomach, similar to how cows process food.

The genus name comes from the Spanish gordo, "fat," and the Greek odon, "tooth," a reference to the large pointed teeth at the tips of the animal's jaws, according to the museum's news release. It is also a reference to Alamogordo, where the fossil was found. The species name, kraineri, honors Austrian geologist Karl Krainer, for his work in New Mexico.

In order to find out what the gordodon feasted on, Lucas said, a fossil would have to show the animal's abdomen.

Along with gordodon's unusual teeth, the low "sail" on its back has intrigued scientists.

In a news release announcing the fossil, the Museum of Natural History and Science said the reptile is a new genus and species of eupelycosaur, a group of animals that thrived during the Permian Period.

"It has a totally different kind of sail" than other reptiles, Lucas said, adding that he and his colleagues believe the sail might have acted as a radiator to cool the animal and "probably functioned as a signaling device."

Eupelycosaurs include the ancestors of mammals, making them more closely related to humans than to dinosaurs, the museum said.

"These fossils will change our minds about what we think we know," Lucas said. "... There must be more out there

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12 Things You Probably Don't Know About Father's Day On Sunday, June 18, dads across the United States are going to be showered with neckties, toolsets, and gift cards as we celebrate Father’s Day. Though it’s something we can count on celebrating every third Sunday in June, the holiday didn't always have the public support it deserved—for decades it looked like a day dedicated to the influential and hard-working fathers in our lives would toil in relative obscurity. Check out the tragic origins and eventual nationwide acceptance of this beloved holiday as we look at 12 things you probably didn't know about Father’s Day.

On July 5, 1908—the same year that Mother's Day is credited as beginning—a small church in West Virginia held the first public event meant to specifically honor the fathers of their community. The day was held in remembrance of the 362 men who were killed the previous December in a mining explosion at the Fairmont Coal Company. Though this specific day did not transform into an annual tradition in the town, it did set a precedent of reserving a day for dads everywhere

In 1909, Spokane resident Sonora Smart Dodd was

listening to a Mother’s Day sermon at her local church when she had the idea to try and establish a similar day to honor the hard-working fathers of the community. Dodd was the daughter of a widower and Civil War veteran named William Jackson Smart, who raised six children on his own after his wife died during childbirth. She contacted local church groups, government officials, YMCAs, businesses, and other official entities, hoping to gather the community in unison to recognize fathers around the state of Washington. The campaign Dodd embarked upon would eventually culminate in the first statewide Father’s Day celebration in 1910..

While Father’s Day always takes place on the third Sunday of June now, that date was actually a compromise after the original turned out to be unrealistic. Dodd’s goal was for the holiday to be observed on June 5 to land on her father’s birthday, but when the mayor of Spokane and local churches asked for more time to prepare for all the festivities involved, it was moved to the third Sunday in June where it remains today

That first Father’s Day included a church service where daughters would hand red roses to their fathers during the mass. The roses were also pinned onto the

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clothing of children to further honor their fathers— red roses for a still-living father and a white rose for the deceased. Dodd also brought roses and gifts to any father in the community who was unable to make it to the service. This gave birth to the nownearly-forgotten tradition of roses as the customary flower of Father’s Day.

In the 1920s and '30s, there was a movement to get rid of Mother's Day and the burgeoning Father's Day celebrations and instead join the two holidays as a unified Parents' Day. Robert Spero, a philanthropist and children’s radio entertainer, saw the holidays as a "division of respect and affection" for parents, especially during a time when Father's Day hadn’t officially been recognized nationwide. "We should all have love for dad and mother every day, but Parents' Day on the second Sunday in May is a reminder that both parents should be loved and respected together," Spero told The New York Times in 1931. The movement died out in the '40s, but if it had gone through, we'd all be celebrating Parents' Day every year with the slogan, "A kiss for mother, a hug for dad."

All those barbecue accessories, coffee mugs, and screwdriver sets add up: Americans spent $14.3 billion on gifts in 2016 for Father’s Day, and the estimate for 2017 is a record $15.5 billion. This estimate includes $800 million on tools and appliances, $2.2 billion on apparel (including the ubiquitous necktie), and $3.3 billion on "special outings," such as dinner or concert tickets.

producing Father's Day cards since the early 1920s— boasts more than 800 different designs for dad, with humor cards accounting for 25 percent of the cards sold. The National Retail Federation estimates that cards account for 64.3 percent of all Father’s Day gifts—whether the person honors dad only with a card or includes it with a lager gift. Hallmark is even dipping its toe into the future of sentimentality with a virtual reality Father’s Day card for 2017.

The traditional feasts and celebrations around Saint Joseph began to fade in 20th century Europe, especially in the years after World War II, so to reignite consumer interest in spending money on dear ol’ dad, a French lighter company called Flaminaire created a new Father's Day in 1949 to help sell their products. With the help of an expansive ad campaign, the company drummed up brand awareness in the guise of a holiday, and Father's Day (called Fête des Pères) has been observed in France ever since.

For Catholics in Europe, the idea of Father's Day stretches back to feasts established in the Middle Ages to honor Saint Joseph on March 19. The celebration was prevalent in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, and as it focused on Joseph—the foster father of Jesus—it eventually turned into a day to honor the institution of fatherhood in general.

Though Father's Day is big business in the commercial marketplace, it still exists in the shadow of mom. In 2017, the National Retail Federation reported that Americans will spend upwards of $23.6 billion on Mother's Day gifts like flowers, apparel, dinner, and spa days.

Father's Day means big business for the greeting card industry. The holiday is the fourth most popular day for exchanging cards, with approximately 72 million flying off shelves. Hallmark—which has been Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

THE 2019 CORONA SUMMER FESTIVAL Will be held July 26, 27 & 28, For more information Call Village Hall

at 575-849-5511

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Discover Lincoln Lincoln Historic Site is unique in that it manages most of the historical buildings in the community of Lincoln. This most widely visited state monument in New Mexico is part of a community frozen in time— the 1870's and 1880's. Through a gift from the Hubbard Family Trust, the historic site now includes 17 structures and outbuildings, 7 of which are open year round and 2 more seasonally as museums. Most of the buildings in the community are representative of the Territorial Style of adobe architecture in the American Southwest. Lincoln is a town made famous by one of the most violent periods in New Mexico history. Today's visitors can see the Old Lincoln County Courthouse with museum exhibits that recount the details of the Lincoln County War and the historic use of the "House" as store, residence, Masonic Lodge, courthouse, and jail. Walk in the footsteps of Billy the Kid, Pat Garrett, and other famous and infamous characters of the Wild West. Trace the events of 1878 through the Courthouse and the Tunstall Store, with their preserved 19th-century atmosphere.

American Indian prehistory and ending with the Lincoln County War. A 22 minute video about the Lincoln County War and the community is shown every half hour. The importance of this community and the significance of the Bonito Valley in the prehistory and history of the Territory of New Mexico are interpreted within some of the 17 structures that comprise Lincoln Historic Site. These historic adobe and stone buildings are preserved as they were in the late 1800s and represent the factions involved in the Lincoln County War, 1878-1881.

Remarkably, the Tunstall Store contains displays of the original 19th-century merchandise in the original shelving and cases! Continue your walk through history by visiting El Torreón (a defensive tower built by native New Mexican settlers in the 1850s), the San Juan Mission Church, the Convento, Dr. Woods' House, the Montaño store and other historic structures throughout the town. The Anderson-Freeman Visitor's Center & Museum features historical exhibits in a timeline starting with Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

● Open 9:00am to 5:00pm 7 days a week. ● Closed New Year's Day, Easter, Thanksgiving, and Christmas Day. ● Adults - $5.00 Children 17 and under - Free ● New Mexico Sr Citizens (60+) - Free on Wednesdays ● New Mexico Residents - Free the 1st Sunday of Every Month ● Blue Star Program for Active Duty Military Families (up to 5 family members) - Free Memorial Day through Labor Day ● Phone: 575-653-4025

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Fort Stanton

LIVE Saturday, July 13 This annual event brings costumed re-enactors from the Civil War and Indian Wars era to the Fort for demonstrations, presentations, live music and a military ball which will have visitors dancing into the night. Additionally, the event brings authors, historians, photographers, artists and a variety of historical vendors to site to share their crafts and other handiwork. Local food vendors are on hand to provide sustenance for your day at the Fort. ● Event Start: 9:00 AM on Saturday, July 13, 2019

● Event End: 4:00 PM on Saturday, July 13, 2019 ● Fee: $5.00 ● Location: Fort. Stanton State Monument ● General information: 575-354-0341

● LECTURES (4 or 5 at scheduled times, varying topics) /Hospital ● Native American Flute (twice)/Catholic Chapel ● LECTURE - Fort Stanton Cave (3 times)/BLM Officers Quarters ● BANDS – 2 or 3 /Stage ● GUIDED TOUR - Internment Camp (2x)/Chapel ● Infantry Drill Impressions /Parade Grounds ● Artillery Cannon Fire (twice at scheduled times)/Nurses Quarters (Parking lot side) ● BAND/Stage ● Saber Presentation/Stage ● Lincoln Militia Show Battle/South Parking Lot/Terrace area ● SILENT AUCTION Closes/Quartermasters ● Evening Flag Ceremony /Parade Grounds

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Sunspots are darker, cooler areas on the surface of the sun in a region called the photosphere. The photosphere has a temperature of 10,000 degrees. Sunspots have temperatures of about 6,400 degrees. They look dark only in comparison with the brighter and hotter regions of the photosphere around them. Sunspots can be very large, up to 32,000 miles in diameter. They are caused by interactions with the Sun's magnetic field which are not fully understood. But a sunspot is somewhat like the cap on a soda bottle: shake it up, and you can generate a big eruption. Sunspots occur over regions of intense magnetic activity, and when that energy is released, solar flares and big storms called coronal mass ejections erupt from sunspots. Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

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Turn of Century Logging Train, Cloudcroft

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“ The cutest store around Southeast New Mexico for to-die-for infant through pre-teen clothing & more” You won’t find the same old cookie cutter children clothing here! Friendly Staff

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Early Picture of Dowlin’s Mill

Paul Dowlin founder of Ruidoso Story courtesy of Jack Shuster, Ruidoso

The little mountain village of Ruidoso, in New Mexico has become a West Texas tourist Mecca. Unfortunately, most folks don’t know the name of the man who started this town. He built the first building in Ruidoso, he was really Ruidoso’s first resident and his name was Paul Dowlin. The locals called him Captain Paul. In fact, the town was called Dowlin’s Mill until 1885 when it was renamed Ruidoso for the Rio Ruidoso, the “noisy river” that ran through town. And that stream was the draw that started it all.

The First New Mexico Cavalry was organized on May 31, 1862, attached to the Department of New Mexico, and engaged in operations against Indians in New Mexico and Arizona, and on garrison duty, by detachments, at Fort Stanton and other points in that Department, during their entire term of service. The only report that has Paul Dowlin’s name on it was when, as a Lieutenant, on his return trip from Fort Whipple, Arizona, the Navajo Indians run off fourteen of his mules on Christmas Eve, 1864. Dowlin never talked much about that incident. The regiment mustered out on September 30, 1866. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Emil Fritz was succeeded in command of Fort Stanton by Brevet Major Lawrence G. Murphy in April of 1866. Murphy and Fritz became partners and served as Post Sutlers after Murphy was mustered out with the rest of the regiment in September of that year but they both were forced to leave Fort Stanton due to problems with whiskey sales and other things. They opened up the L. G. Murphy and Company store in Las Placitas del Rio Bonito. Originally named by the Spanish families who settled it in the 1850s, the name of the community was changed to Lincoln when Lincoln County was created in 1869 and named to honor the late president Abraham Lincoln. Murphy, along with his later partner Jimmy Dolan, was in most part responsible, of course, for the Lincoln County War.

Paul Dowlin was born in Waynesburg, Greene County, Pennsylvania in 1830. He was a Civil War veteran and retired Army captain who served with the New Mexico Volunteers at Fort Stanton in Lincoln County. It was the War of Southern Rebellion that brought him to New Mexico. Dowlin was an officer of Company K, First New Mexico Cavalry and he came from Santa Fe with Colonel Kit Carson in 1862 After Paul Dowlin’s mustering out from the New to re-occupy Fort Stanton after the rebels high-tailed it Mexico Volunteers on September 30, 1866, he back to central Texas. . Read our magazine @ issuu.com/alamodoso magazine

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worked as a Post Trader at Fort Stanton, too, but the Ruidoso River was the draw that led him, and his brother William, to build a mill to saw and plane lumber. The Army was re-building Fort Stanton and needed all the lumber that a local sawmill could cut and level into boards and sell to them. As a veteran, Dowlin got a homestead of 160 acres. And through a land purchase grant he acquired another 600 acres. That encompassed pretty much of where the village of Ruidoso stands today. Paul and Will Dowlin began building a sawmill out of adobe bricks in 1869. They first built where the Carrizo Creek and the Rio Ruidoso come together. The Ruidoso Valley Chamber of Commerce building is very near that spot today. Paul Dowlin’s idea was to channel the force of both the creek and the river to run the waterwheel that would power the saw mill. There certainly was a lot of powerful water. In fact, the first Dowlin’s Mill was destroyed by a flood. There were heavy rains and the mill was swept away just a few weeks after its completion. In his second attempt at the mill business, Paul Dowlin and Will salvaged what they could from the wreckage of the ruined mill and rebuilt on higher ground for safety. The brothers Dowlin got some help from Larry Dow and Tom Kinney, both of whom had known Captain Paul when they worked on the rebuilding of Fort Stanton in 1868, and they had helped Paul build the first mill at the confluence of the Carrizo Creek and the Rio Ruidoso. In fact, Larry Dow helped Paul and Will work the mill for a couple of years. Because they were now on higher, safer ground they were away from the water. It’s not easy to run a waterwheel where there’s no water. To solve that problem, they constructed a three-mile long flume system of V-shaped wooden troughs, supported by long poles and tree branches, that carried the water from the Carrizo Creek to the mill. But, safety came at a price. It was difficult to divert enough water to operate the mill. At least not enough to power a sawmill. It was now safer but there just wasn't enough water. So, to match the creek’s lower energy, Paul Dowlin decided to establish a grist mill for grinding grain into flour. He had enough power for that. Things seemed to have progressed smoothly for Paul Dowlin. The 1870 Census listed him at age 40 as a non-New Mexico born lumber merchant in Lincoln County, Precinct Number Two. The real estate was worth $10,000 and Paul Dowlin’s personal property

was valued at $5,000. But, the census doesn’t always get things right. The new mill was a grist mill not a lumber mill. Although they had been living there for generations, the Mescalero Apache Reservation was officially created by an executive order of President Grant on May 27, 1873 and the Mescaleros would stop at the mill to trade for flour. Paul served as postmaster of the little village of Dowlin’s Mill in December of 1873. In 1877, Dowlin sold a half interest in the mill to Frank Lesnett, another Fort Stanton veteran. Frank went off to Chicago to marry his sweetheart Annie and they were planning to get to the mill on May 6th. They had to travel by train, stagecoach and wagon all the way from Chicago to Dowlin‘s Mill. Unfortunately, Paul never got to meet Annie because he met his end the day before. For reasons unknown, but widely speculated about, Paul Dowlin was shot in the head by a former employee, Jerry Dillon, and died a few hours later on May 5, 1877. Dillon left for Texas and was never heard of again. Dowlin was unarmed at the time and could not defend himself. Paul was survived by his brother Will who notified what was left of his family back in Pennsylvania. Paul Dowlin is buried at the Old Fort Stanton Cemetery, the civilian cemetery located near the government’s Fort Stanton Cemetery. The story that started at Fort Stanton and ended in bloodshed did not really end there. Dowlin‘s old mill, the building that started it all, served as a grist mill, a bean thrasher and even a place to purchase "moonshine" from 1868 to the turn of the 20th Century. By 1885 the town had attracted a general store, a blacksmith shop, and a post office which was named Ruidoso after the Rio Ruidoso that folks started building cabins on. It is located near the trail that ran through Lincoln County from the Chisum Ranch on the Pecos River to Arizona. The mill may even have been a good place for outlaws to hide out. They say that during or shortly after the Lincoln County War, Billy the Kid once hid at Dowlin’s Mill in a flour barrel. Whether that's true or not, legend or fact, Dowlin’s Mill was definitely one of Billy’s haunts. He was a family friend of the Dowlin and Lesnett families, and Annie Lesnett is said to be the one who stuffed the Kid in the flour barrel.

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