July 2017 magazine revised compressed

INSIDE THIS EDITION ● Why we celebrate Independence Day ● Recipies ● Victorian Etiquette For Ladies ● Americana ● The Nurse from New Mexico ● Local Advertisers ● And More!

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IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776 The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

W

HEN IN THE Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under

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Page 9 absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. ● He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. ● He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. ● He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. ● He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. ● He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. ● He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected, whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. ● He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. ● He has obstructed the Administration of Justice by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers. ● He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. ● He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance. ● He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.

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Page 10 ● He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power. ● He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: ● For protecting them, by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: ● For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: ● For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: ● For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury: ● For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences: ● For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies ● For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: ● For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. ● He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. ● He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. ● He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. ● He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. ● He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. ● In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

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Page 11 Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. — And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of

WHY DO WE CELEBRATE INDEPENDENCE DAY? Celebrating the Fourth of July is one of the best parts about summer. You get to barbecue with your family, watch fireworks, go to a parade—take part in all the fun summer activities.

But another reason why July 4th is so special is because it’s Independence Day, a holiday celebrating the anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. In 1776, founding father and soon-to-be president, Thomas Jefferson wrote what is now the United States’ most famous and cherished document to give a list of grievances against King George III of England. It was written to justify the colonies breaking away from the mother country and becoming an independent nation. Revised by Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, the Declaration of Independence was signed by our founding fathers and accepted by Congress on July 4,1776.

But the spirit of Independence Day is not only about the United States officially becoming a country.

It’s about celebrating the values that the country was founded upon. The Declaration of Independence was written with the theory that every person has inherent rights, called “self-evident truths” in the official document. It reads: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Harry Rubenstein, a curator of American politics at the Smithsonian Institution, says that Independence Day celebrates those very ideals of democracy, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and is for anyone who finds faith in the words “all men are created equal.” But he says it is also a holiday to remember and honor those first Americans who made sacrifices to create the Republic and then defend it over the years.

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Page 12 Rubenstein says that it’s also important to remember that as Americans, we should continue to embody the values our country was built on. “These are principles that you achieve and not just state,” he says. “[Our country] is a work in progress.”

He mentions that although Independence Day is our national holiday and has huge historical significance, it should be one of celebration. “We shouldn’t be too serious about our holidays. Don’t feel like you have to go to a history class,” he says. “It’s a holiday that you should enjoy.”

Even when the Declaration of Independence was signed, John Adams believed it should be commemorated in a celebratory manner. He wrote to his wife Abigail, “I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated, by succeeding generations, as the great anniversary festival... It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.”

So have all the fun you want this Independence Day, and show your patriotism by celebrating and watching “illuminations” … or fireworks!

Above story courtesy of the American Library Association

The true theory of our Constitution is surely the wisest and best, that the states are independent as to everything within themselves, and united as to everything respecting foreign nations. Let the general government be reduced to foreign concerns only, and let our affairs be disentangled from those of all other nations, except as to commerce, which the merchants will manage the better, the more they are left free to manage for themselves, and our general government may be reduced to a very simple organization, and a very inexpensive one; a few plan duties to be performed by a few servants.

(Thomas Jefferson)

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4th of July Breakfast Ingredients ● 2 slices of toast ● 2 TB strawberry or raspberry jam ● 1 large banana ● 1/3 cup fresh blueberries Directions ● Spread 1 TB of jam on each piece of toast. ● Arrange blueberries and banana slices on toast to from a flag. ● Serve ● Enjoy!

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Ingredients

● 3 tablespoons white star-shaped candy sprinkles or nonpareils

Red Cake Layers White Cake Layer ● 1 box white cake mix ● ½ box white cake mix ● 1 pint (2 cups) strawberries, stems removed, pureed in blender or food processor to about 1 1/4 cups

● ½ cup water

● 1/3 cup vegetable oil

● 2 tablespoons vegetable oil

● 3 egg whites

● 2 egg whites

● 1 teaspoon red paste food color

Frosting and Sprinkles ● 3 containers Whipped fluffy white frosting plus red, white and blue sprinkles, as desired

Blue Cake Layer ● 1/2 box white cake mix

Steps ● 1/2 cup blueberries, pureed in blender or food processor ● 3 tablespoons vegetable oil

● To make red cake layers: Heat oven to 350°F. Grease or spray two 8-inch round pans; place 8-inch round piece cooking parchment paper in bottom of each pan. Grease or spray parchment paper.

● 2 whole eggs ● ½ teaspoon blue paste food color

● In large bowl, beat red cake layer ingredients with electric mixer on low speed 30 seconds, then on

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Page 26 high speed about 2 minutes or until smooth. Spread in pans.

4-inch round biscuit cutter. Wrap and freeze 4-inch round; save for another use.

● Bake 29 to 34 minutes or until top springs back when lightly touched.

● To make white cake layer: Heat oven to 350°F. Grease or spray 8-inch round pan; place 8-inch round piece cooking parchment paper in bottom of pan.

Grease or spray parchment paper. In medium bowl, beat white cake layer ingredients with electric mixer on high speed about 2 minutes or until smooth.

Spread in pan. Bake 29 to 34 minutes or until top springs back when lightly touched. Cool 10 minutes; run knife around side of pan to loosen cake. Gently remove from pan to cooling rack; remove parchment paper. Cool completely, about 30 minutes. Flatten cake layer by trimming off rounded top. Cut layer in half horizontally to make 2 thin white layers. In 1 layer, cut small round out of center, using 4-inch biscuit cutter. Wrap and freeze the layer that was cut out of; save for another use.

● Cool 10 minutes; run knife around sides of pans to loosen cakes. Gently remove from pans to cooling rack; remove parchment paper. Cool completely, about 30 minutes. Flatten cake layers by trimming off rounded tops. Cut layers in half horizontally to make 4 thin red layers. In 1 layer, cut small round out of center, using 4-inch biscuit cutter. Wrap and freeze 1 thin layer and the layer that was cut out of; save for another use. ● To make blue cake layer: Heat oven to 350°F. Grease or spray 8-inch round pan; place 8-inch round piece cooking parchment paper in bottom of pan.

Grease or spray parchment paper. In medium bowl, beat all blue cake layer ingredients except sprinkles with electric mixer on low speed 30 seconds, then on high speed about 2 minutes or until smooth. Fold sprinkles into batter. Spread in pan. Bake 29 to 34 minutes or until top springs back when lightly touched. Cool 10 minutes; run knife around side of pan to loosen cake. Gently remove from pan to cooling rack; remove parchment paper. Cool completely, about 30 minutes. Flatten cake layer by trimming off rounded top. Do not cut in half horizontally. Cut small round out of center, using

● To assemble cake: Place 1 red cake layer on cake stand or serving platter; spread 1/3 cup frosting on top. Top with 1 white cake layer; spread 1/3 cup frosting on top. Top with second red cake layer; spread 1/3 cup frosting on top. Gently top with blue layer. Carefully spread thin layer of frosting on cut edge inside of blue cake layer. Gently insert white 4-inch cake round; top with frosting and then red 4inch cake round; press slightly. Frost side and top of cake using remaining frosting. Top with sprinkles.

Store loosely covered in refrigerator.

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Don’t Blow Your Budget on Meat You don’t need to break the bank to do steak, chicken, or fish on the grill in style. Skip the porterhouse in favor of a great, inexpensive skirt or flank steak, forgoing boneless chicken breasts for cheaper, flavorful legs and thighs.

Dress Up the Old Standbys If you’re sticking with the tried-and-true standards (chicken, burgers, hot dogs, bratwurst), add a simple, inexpensive element to elevate the flavor. Stuff some blue cheese, chopped bacon, or barbecue sauce inside your burger patties before they hit the grill. Split your hot dogs lengthwise, add some cheddar in the middle and wrap the whole thing in bacon. Or let your chicken steep overnight in your favorite marinade. Get creative.

Money-Saving Ideas for a Summer Barbecue

DIY Rubs and Sauces “It’s super easy to make your own rubs and barbecue sauces,” says Raichlen. Rubs are essentially spices in a bowl that you can mix together with your fingers, and most sauces start with a basic foundation of ketchup or tomato sauce and grow from there. And You can often whip up both with ingredients that you already have in the pantry.

Don’t Go Overboard With Fuel

you entertain a lot. And you’ll want enough space on your grill surface to multi-task Treat Your Grill Well

There’s no need to dump an entire 10-pound bag of charcoal each time—three pounds should cook any meal for four to six people. If you’re using propane and cooking brisket or pork loin, you only need to put it on high for the first five minutes after the food hits the grill.

After that, turn it on low and let it cook slowly.

You want the investment you made in your grill to last as long as possible, so make maintenance a priority. Clean it off thoroughly before and after each use, get rid of the ashes when they’ve cooled, and oil the grate before and after each use.

Invest in a Quality Grill

Minimize Your Accessories

You don’t need to spring for a grill with loads of extra bells and whistles, but you do want to make sure you’re getting one that won’t fizzle out in two years . Browne recommends buying just enough grill for what your family uses—possibly going for a bigger grill surface if

Don’t go crazy stocking up on complicated grilling equipment. You need two key grill accessories—a thermometer and tongs Get a good, instant-read meat thermometer to ensure you’re always biting into food that’s cooked to the doneness you prefer.

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Filling: You've never had a cherry pie this good—an incredible sour cherry filling, a ● 1 cup plus 1 tablespoon sugar light and flaky crust, and vanilla ice ● 3 tablespoons cornstarch cream to top it all off. If you can't find sour cherries, use sweet cherries and a ● 1/4 teaspoon salt little extra lemon juice instead. ● 5 cups whole pitted sour cherries or dark sweet cherries (about 2 pounds whole unpitted cherries)

INGREDIENTS Crust:

● 1 tablespoon sugar

● 1 teaspoon fresh lemon juice (if using sour cherries) or 3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice (if using dark sweet cherries)

● 3/4 teaspoon salt

● 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract

● 1 cup (2 sticks) chilled unsalted butter, cut into 1/2-inch cubes

● 2 tablespoons (1/4 stick) unsalted butter, cut into 1/2-inch cubes

● 5 tablespoons (or more) ice water

● 1 tablespoon (about) milk

● 2 1/2 cups unbleached all purpose flour

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Page 29 ● Vanilla ice cream

● Roll out 1 dough disk on floured surface to 12inch round. Transfer to 9-inch glass pie dish.

Trim dough overhang to 1/2 inch.

PREPARATION For crust: ● Whisk flour, sugar, and salt in large bowl to blend. Add butter and rub in with fingertips until small pea-size clumps form. ● Add 5 tablespoons ice water; mix lightly with fork until dough holds together when small pieces are pressed between fingertips, adding more water by teaspoonfuls if dough is dry.

Gather dough together; divide into 2 pieces.

Form each piece into ball, then flatten into disk and wrap in plastic. ● Refrigerate at least 30 minutes. Do ahead Can be made 2 days ahead. Keep chilled. Let dough soften slightly before rolling out.

For filling: ● Position rack in lower third of oven and preheat to 425°F. Whisk 1 cup sugar, cornstarch, and salt in medium bowl to blend. Stir in cherries, lemon juice, and vanilla; set aside.

● Roll out second dough disk on floured surface to 12-inch round. Using large knife or pastry wheel with fluted edge, cut ten 3/4-inch-wide strips from dough round. ● Transfer filling to dough-lined dish, mounding slightly in center. Dot with butter. Arrange dough strips atop filling, forming lattice; trim dough strip overhang to 1/2 inch. ● Fold bottom crust up over ends of strips and crimp edges to seal. Brush lattice crust (not edges) with milk. Sprinkle lattice with remaining 1 tablespoon sugar. ● Place pie on rimmed baking sheet and bake 15 minutes. Reduce oven temperature to 375°F. ● Bake pie until filling is bubbling and crust is golden brown, covering edges with foil collar if browning too quickly, about 1 hour longer. ● Transfer pie to rack and cool completely. Cut into wedges and serve with vanilla ice cream.

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“Be not too often seen in public.” Moral Encyclopaedia 5. Keep It Simple “Fondness for finery shows as bad a taste, as neatness and simplicity imply a good one.” Moral Encyclopaedia 6. Avoid Dirty Jokes “Double entendre is detestable in a woman, especially when perpetrated in the presence of men; no man of taste can respect a woman who is guilty of it.” A HandBook of Etiquette for Ladies

Though today we know there is no hard and fast rule for what exactly makes a woman “ladylike” (or however else you’d describe a female acting “properly” in public), that definitely wasn’t the case for women in the Victorian era.

7. Wait For A Man To Make The First Move

1. Go Easy On The Shine

9. Don't Talk About Yourself

“Never wear mosaic gold or paste diamonds; they are representatives of a mean ambition to appear what you are not, and most likely what you ought not to wish to be.” A Hand-Book of Etiquette for Ladies

“Never introduce your own affairs for the amusement of the company; such discussions cannot be interesting to others, and the probability is that the most patient listener is laying the foundation for some tale to make you appear ridiculous.” A Hand-Book of Etiquette for Ladies

2. Keep Your Nails Tidy “Keep your fingernails scrupulously clean, and avoid the disagreeable habit of allowing them to grow to an unnatural length.” A Hand-Book of Etiquette for Ladies 3. Pipe Down “It is better to say too little than too much in company: let your conversation be consistent with your sex and age.”

A Hand-Book of Etiquette for Ladies 4. Don't Venture Far From Home

“Let not love begin on your part.” Moral Encyclopaedia 8. Skip Frivolous Fictional Entertainment “Read no novels, but let your study be History, Geography, Biography and other instructive books.”

Moral Encyclopaedia

11. Don't Be A Literal Diva “Never sing more than one or two songs consecutively.” A Hand-Book of Etiquette for Ladies 12. Never Admit Guilt “If at another’s house you should break anything, do not appear to notice it. Your hostess, if a lady, would take no notice of the calamity, nor say, as is sometimes done by ill-bred persons, ‘Oh! It is of no consequence.’

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He appeared to be a hundred years old and in fact he almost was. His hands were old and gnarled and his face weathered with age. His old blue-white eyes looked beyond us, as if to see the past. His voice trembled as he began to tell his story - the story of a lifetime. The man I describe is my great grandfather, James Hawkins Howard, born October 21, 1894 in Coleman County, Texas.

His parents were Monroe Havard Howard and Matilda Krueger Howard. Papa Howard was born in Baton Rouge, La. in 1872. His parents lived in Texas below San Antonio most of their lives but eventually moved to Coleman County. Mama Howard was born in Corpus Christi, Texas in 1875.

Her father was a building contractor and they moved to nearly every city in Texas with his job. At one point, her father, Carl Krueger, worked in Fort Stanton as a plumber. Her mother’s name was Martha Ann Taylor. Her father was a first cousin of Zachary Taylor. Mama and Papa Howard met in Coleman County and were married on December 29, 1892. They lived there for some time and later moved to Kent County in West Texas. Here Papa supported his family by working for a large cattle company called the four 6’s. 6666 was the registered brand. Lured by the promise of free land for homesteading the Howards began their journey toward the territory of New Mexico. Mama’s father already had a homestead on the Bonita at Blue Gorge and they planned to join him. Mama and

Papa and their four children: James, 8; Arthur, 6; Adelaide, 4; and Martha, 1; Sally Kendrick, Mama’s half sister and her four children: Clemage, 9; Willage, 7; Ollie, 6; and Helen, 5, loaded their belongings into two covered wagons.

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They carried a chuck box on the back, springs and mattresses and a 20 gallon water barrel on the side of each wagon. They would fill the barrels when they came to a water hole that seemed to be good.

Mama drove one wagon and Sally the other. Papa and his oldest boy Jim rode horseback herding a small bunch of cattle and horses. This trek took the families four weeks to complete. Their diet along the way consisted of biscuits, fatback gravy and molasses syrup. They carried an iron Dutch oven and cow chips to provide ample fuel during rains.

They traveled up the Brazos river, across the plains of Texas and then crossed over into New Mexico, following the Chisholm Trail to Roswell, and then traveled due west to the White Mountains. Jim recalled Roswell as having few people, much like the other settlements they passed. Roswell had a post office, a grocery store and livery stable. He also told of the land between Roswell and the White Mountains as being “virgin land”; tall, lush grass covered the ground as far as one could see. When they finally reached the Krueger homestead in midJune they set up tents, dug ditches around them and then framed them with rough wood. They live in the tents for the remainder of the summer and the following winter.

They became neighbors with the Hubbard family.

Later Papa and Mr. Hubbard made a deal for Papa to buy the filing rights to the Hubbard homestead for $200. This included a two room house. For the first couple of years the Howard and Murphy families did nothing but simply survive. Jim recalled, “For the first year we just got up in the morning and played.”

After the first year, Mama began to raise vegetables. She planted beets, onions, turnips and cabbage. At the end of the growing season she would turn them under and cover them with dirt so they would keep for the winter. Papa planted corn and wheat to feed his livestock. When they had enough corn and wheat, they would take it to Charlie Wingfield’s Old Grist Mill, which is still standing in modern day Ruidoso. Charlie would grind the corn and wheat into meal and would keep a part as payment. Although Papa assumed some of the responsibilities on the ranch, he was a gambling man and spent much of his time away from home.

For a time he owned an old shabby horse called “Steamboat” and earned a lot of money betting on him. Because of these conditions, Mama had to be the backbone of the family and Jim, the man of the house.

They carried out many tasks, such as butchering, milking the cows, mending the fences, repairing roofs and harvesting the crops. Once a year the family would take their barter to Capitan to trade with the local merchant, George A. Titsworth. They traded for coffee, sugar, and 50 pound sacks of flour. George A. worked much like a bank to the old ranchers. He would give his customers yearround credit and if they could not pay him up, they would often give him parcels of land. Papa’s cattle

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Page 43 herd also grew in size and number and he often had buyers from far away states making bids on them.

The cattle would be driven to the Capitan stockyards at the Southern Pacific Railroad depot for shipment to their destinations. To help supplement their income, Papa Howard, Jim and Art played for local dances. Papa was an excellent fiddler, Jim played the guitar and Art the cello, played like a bass or with a bow. They often played for dances in Bonita City, Angus, Nogal, Capitan, Alto and Fort Stanton.

The story was told that Papa would poke Jim with his bow to wake him up and never miss a beat. (The boys worked all day on the ranch and played dances all night). People who came to the dances were charged 50 cents to $1.00 and the money went to Papa. Sometimes he would give Jim a dollar.

The Howard children attended elementary school in Angus and Alto. They had to walk three miles to get there unless they were lucky and could catch a wild burro to ride. The wild burro was one of the many common animals in the area. Others were coyotes, bears, deer, mountain lions, prairie dogs and rattlesnakes. Jim and Art had a desire to continue their education. So in September of 1912 they moved to Capitan. They “batched” up a tent for the winter. A lady by the name of Jenny Lane fed the boys. They would get up early each morning and stoke the school house furnace in order to pay for their school supplies. During the summers Jim worked at the United States Merchant Marine Hospital for tuberculosis. One summer when it was unusually dry, and the ranchers and farmers were having a hard time keeping the hospital selfsufficient, the government leased some land on the Indian reservation south of Ruidoso. Jim was only about 15 years old but had proven himself a good worker. One of the supervisors asked him if he would like to take some supplies over to the “rock tank” on the Indian reservation. He agreed and was to take a wagon carrying flour, sugar, beans, coffee and chewing tobacco. The trip to the Rock Tank was approximately 35 miles and Jim traveled it without a

gun. Some of the men asked what he would do if he met up with some Indians and he replied, “I’ll just tell them to take what they want with my blessings.”

Luckily he made the trip with no trouble.

Jim and many other young men from nearby ranches were drafted and sent to fight in World War I in 1917. He boarded the train in Carrizozo and went to Fort Riley in Kansas. He did his basic training and was then sent to San Diego, California. He was shipped overseas to France where he was wounded in the left leg by machine gun fire in the battle at Chateau Thierry. His cousin, Pete Johnson, crawled a mile behind enemy lines and carried him back to safety. He was then sent to Camp McArthur in Waco, Texas on December 28, 1918. He remained in the hospital until January 20, 1919, when he was sent to Fort Worth for rehabilitation. He remained in Fort Worth until March 8, 1920, when he was sent home on the train to Carrizozo. For the duration of

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Page 44 his service his family had no knowledge of his whereabouts as he had been reported Missing in Action.

Jim remained on the ranch for a short time after his return, before entering business school in Albuquerque. He met a young grass widow by the name of Ethel Lund Allison and they were married on May 5, 1922. Jim, Ethel and her son, Dwight Marion Allison moved back to the old ranch but lived there briefly. They then moved to Capitan where they had three more children; Margaret, Eva and Guy Thomas. Jim bought his first automobile and commuted daily to Fort Stanton where he worked as a supply clerk. Ethel supplemented the family income by working as a bookkeeper for the George A. Titsworth Company. She was also a substitute teacher, worked for one of the first banks in Capitan and was the first Birth Registrar in Lincoln County.

In 1934 the family moved to Fort Stanton. Life for Jim Howard changed drastically. The outhouse was replaced by an indoor toilet, the labor of drawing water from the well was replaced by running water, the black pot and washboard replaced by an “automatic� washer, the old wood cook stove by a gasoline burning range, the coal burning heating stoves replaced by steam radiators and the kerosene lamps by electric lights. Jim served at Fort Stanton for 37 years. He and his family moved back to Capitan in 1953 before his retirement in 1959. They lived there for ten years while he continued to operate his small ranch outside of Capitan. In 1969 Jim and Ethel moved to Tularosa where they spent the rest of their lives together. They celebrated 12 grandchildren, 12 great grandchildren and 62 years of marriage before Ethel passed away on July 16, 1984. Jim lived in his home in Tularosa for five more years before he moved to Las Cruces in June 1989 to support his granddaughter Norma. He is presently living with his daughter, granddaughter and great granddaughter here in Las Cruces.

James Hawkins Howard was a great man who will be remembered and cherished by his friends and family for generations to come. He has always been an honest, hard working man who was totally dedicated to his family. During his lifetime he has lived under 25 presidents, from Grover Cleveland to George Bush and from territorial governor of New Mexico Miguel A. Otero to Garrey Carruthers.

James Hawkins Howard died in Las Cruces, New Mexico on January 25, 1990. He was buried with full military honors in Angus, New Mexico in the Howard family plot.

Written by: Bobbie L. Kilpatrick Ruddle Contributed by: Donna Kout Ikard

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The Nurse from New Mexico Margaret was born January 7, 1924, in Capitan, New Mexico, in the home of her grandparents, Monroe and Mathilda Howard. Her parents were James and Ethel Lund Howard. Margaret learned to ride horses as a toddler and spent most of her time with her family. She spent summers in Taos, New Mexico with her grandparents.

When Margaret was a teen, her family relocated to Fort Stanton. She graduated from Capitan High School in 1941, and attended New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico, for one year because she was too young to be admitted to nursing school.

"I remember sitting in history class at NMSU in Las Cruces on December 7th, 1941 when the professor brought in a radio and we all listened as President Roosevelt declared war on Japan" she recalled.

The following year she transferred to Colorado Training School for Nurses in Denver. She joined Cadet Nurses Corps and they paid for her schooling in exchange for her commitment to join the service for eighteen months upon graduation.

World War II ended prior to her being called up, but she is still considered a veteran. Margaret worked in many fields of nursing in New Jersey, Illinois, Wisconsin, Montana, Arizona and Colorado until she retired in 1994. Wherever she was living she traveled home to New Mexico every year to see her parents as long as they lived.

Margaret married Gerald Searle in 1943, in Littleton, Colorado. They had three daughters, Susanne Carrol, Anita Lee, and Laurie Louise Searle. Margaret had five grandchildren and several God Children. She was surrounded by her beloved pets her entire life. She loved riding horses and spending time in New Mexico and Montana with her family.

Margaret passed away in Tucson, Arizona August 2014 leaving behind many wonderful stories of her family's pioneering history in Lincoln County, New Mexico. Margaret was laid to rest in Angus, New Mexico.

By: Donna Kout Ikard

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Hidden Haunts Paranormal

By Joanne Brandt – Founder / Lead Investigator As I sit at the table of a paranormal group that I once belonged to, I start to think why am I here handing out money for dues when the person isn’t even using the money for the team but for himself.

So, I quit the team and started my own, back in 2000 and bought equipment as I could. When I had enough of cameras, emf detectors, recorders, wires to hook up the monitors and dvd recorders, I began my journey and adventures.

I started to put fliers up for anyone to join, which was answered by people right away and contacting places for us to investigate. I contacted the local library for programs that I put on for free and had guest speakers of all kinds, which the people would love to come to and listen about different subjects. I do that now at the Alamogordo Public Library. We were in the paper and getting known all over the state and sometimes called out of the state for an investigation.

I moved here in August of 2016, which I lived here twenty years ago before. I had a fund raiser going called Angels on Earth which went very well. Anyway, I decided to start another Chapter of Hidden Haunts Paranormal.

I have about 14 members and have investigated two well-known places here in New Mexico and have more which are pending, for permission. I have a strong team which we consider ourselves as family.

We aren’t here to judge anyone and do not bring religion into our group. We are here to find out why these souls, spirits, ghost, whatever you want to call them are still here and not passing over.

We try to help them cross over or get a message to a love one.

We don’t provoke or use the Ouija boards, or anything that would do with the dark side. We want to understand in a scientific way and spiritual way why they are here. If we come across something evil or dark I try and find someone who can work with it as I don’t have anything to do with demonic spirits. We are here to help people and spirits, not to disturb or get them angry.

We are hoping to have mini investigations for the ones who don’t want to join a group but are curious about how an investigation is handled and wants to know what it is about. But you must remember you can’t go investigate and expect the spirits to be there all the time. It isn’t like, “hey we are here come on out” sort of thing. Either they are there or they aren’t. There will be a charge and we will put out fliers when and how to contact us.

We are also adopting a cemetery every 6 months to clean up and collect pennies so we can help either make or buy a headstone for a child who has passed and the family can’t afford.

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July continues the personally busy theme that began in the last week of June, dear Cancer, at least for a spell. Mars and the Sun stay in your sign until the 20th and 22nd, respectively, pointing to three weeks of personal dynamism and energy.

From the 4-31, you can be a little more pastfocused, reflective, or private about your feelings, love life, and pleasures. You may be very giving of your time and energy, caring for someone, or playing a waiting game in love. You are attracted to the hidden elements of life, finding inner beauty most magical. You appreciate some solitude now.

Even so, around the Full Moon on the 9th, any frustrations related to dependence on others or irritations in relationships can come to a head. Aim to purge, release, and work on letting go of negative attachments or behaviors, but be mindful as you do so, fully owning your part in any exchange or interaction. Ideally, you see exactly what you need to let go of so that you can move more freely. You could feel blocked and vetoed, but from this, the drive to improve your life emerges strongly.

The first three weeks of the month find you more assertive and active than usual, as you take less time thinking about it and more time doing it!

But there are some sweet, quiet moments, too.

Particularly around the 18th, the comforts of home

and family draw you in. It's a good time for casual entertaining at home, or for simply kicking back and enjoying low-key activities. Bringing an open mind and heart into your close personal relationships can bring rewards. Good feelings in or about relationships can figure strongly now. There can be some tendency to indulge and possibly go over the top when it comes to spending, comfort foods, expressing affection, and pleasures, but this can also be a good time for learning more about yourself, your heart, and the people closest to you.

As July advances, you're increasingly interested in matters related to comfort, security, money, and stability. This can be a time of enjoying the moment but also building your nest. Whatever you're building now, whether it's a business, home, or relationship, you are in a good position to pay special attention to it. You're bringing muscle to current projects, and after the 23rd, to brand-new ventures.

The last week of July can be particularly suitable for launching money-making projects, starting savings programs, or committing to developing your talents. Aim to be as self-aware as possible now to avoid letting impatience driving your decisions.

Business matters can suddenly move forward or require action. You might have the courage to ask for a raise or pursue a business deal.

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1. What has a tongue that can't speak, eyes that can't see and a soul that can't be saved?

2. What can be opened but can't be closed?

9. An envelope.

5. I'm as light as a feather yet an average man can't hold me more than one minute. What am I?

10. A chalkboard.

4. What gets smaller when ideas grow?

11. Stars

3. What is yours to own, yet others use it more?

8. A book.

1. A shoe.

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2. An egg.

11. In the dark they are found without being fetched, in the light they are lost without being stolen. What are they?

3. Your name.

10. What gets white as it gets dirty?

4. A pencil.

9. I start with an E, end with an E and I only have one letter, what am I?

5. Your breath.

8. What has a spine but no bones?

6. A post office.

7. What has teeth but can't bite?

7. A comb.

6. What starts with a P and ends with an E and has a thousand letters in it?

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Tips to Save on Gas ● Lose weight. Not you — the car. Bob Toth, director of new products and innovation for Goodyear, suggests emptying the trunk of excess junk or removing a luggage or bicycle rack that usually goes unused. “You can save 1 to 2 percent of your fuel by getting rid of an extra 100 pounds ● Avoid idling. In 2009 Edmunds.com, found in tests that drivers who cut idling to no more than one minute can typically make their gas last 19 percent longer. Looking for ways to reduce excessive idling is an untapped area of fuel savings, whether it’s people crawling through crowded drive-up windows or parents waiting to pick up their kids from school, If you are parked safely, shut it down and save money. ● Keep your speed down. Most vehicles “have their best efficiency at 40 to 50 miles an hour,” says Roger Clark, a engineer at General Motors.

“Every 10 miles an hour above those speeds, you lose four miles a gallon.” So if you can take a rural road with few or no traffic lights, your gas tank is better off than being on a high-speed freeway.

● Pay attention to maintenance. Fixing a faulty oxygen sensor, for example, can improve your mileage as much as 40 percent. An improperly tuned car reduces mileage by about 4 percent, according to government tests. ● Having tires that are under-inflated by about 10 pounds per square inch decreases fuel efficiency by about 1.5 mpg, according to Consumer Reports.

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The Pueblo Revolt Having found wealth in Mexico, the Spanish looked north to expand their empire into the land of the Pueblo people. The Spanish expected present-day New Mexico to yield gold and silver, but they were mistaken. Instead, they established a political base in Santa Fe in 1610, naming it the capital of the Kingdom of New Mexico. It became an outpost of the larger Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain, headquartered in Mexico City.

As they had in other Spanish colonies, missionaries built churches and forced the Pueblos to convert to Catholicism, requiring native people to discard their own religious practices entirely. They focused their conversion projects on young Pueblos, drawing them away from their parents and traditions.

The Spanish had established and maintained their rule with terror, beginning with Juan de Oñate’s invasion in 1598. When the people of Acoma resisted, Oñate ordered that one leg be chopped from every man over fifteen and the rest of the population be enslaved, setting a pattern that lasted for eighty years.

Enslavement of American Indians by the

Spaniards had been forbidden by royal decree since the mid-sixteenth century, but that did not stop the actual practice. So-called “just wars” provided one loophole, and on that basis Apaches, Utes, and others who refused to acknowledge Spanish authority were fair game for enslavers.

Settled Christian Indians, such as the Pueblos, could be enslaved for a period of time, if they resisted their condition.

Enslaved Indians often ended up in the booming, labor-hungry silver mines of Chihuahua, but some were taken farther south and a few as far as Cuba, to work side by side with captured Africans.

The Spanish demanded corn and labor from the Pueblos, but a long period of drought impeded production, escalating tension in Santa Fe. The Pueblo also suffered increased attacks on their villages by rival native groups, which they attributed to the Spanish presence.

Popé, a Pueblo leader and medicine man led a response to the persecution and violence—a return to native customs. He popularized the

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Page 73 idea that “when Jesus came, the Corn Mothers went away.” This was a succinct way of describing the displacement of native traditions by the culture and religion of the Spanish.

In 1680, the Pueblo launched a coordinated attack on the Spanish. Pueblos, Navajos, and Apaches from the region congregated and planned to strike Santa Fe when the Spaniards were low on supplies. They laid siege to the city for nine days and cut off the Spanish water supply.

The uprising, also known as Popé’s Rebellion, killed over 400 Spaniards and drove A statue of Po'Pay in the Statuary Hall the remaining 2,000 Spanish settlers south in the U.S. Capitol, a short distance toward Mexico. Participants in the rebellion from Washington D.C. Union Station. also destroyed many mission churches in an effort to diminish Catholic physical presence on Pueblo land. Pueblo historian Joe S. Sando Po'pay was born around 1630 in the San Juan calls the movement “the first American Pueblo, in what is now the state of New Mexico; his given name, Popyn, means "ripe squash" in the Tewa revolution.”

The Pueblo reestablished their religious institutions and a government of their own for the next 12 years of independence. However, as droughts and attacks by rival tribes continued, the Spanish sensed an opportunity to regain their foothold. In 1692, the Spanish military returned and reasserted their control of the area.

Although the Spanish regained Santa Fe from the Pueblos, their missionary vision was somewhat compromised by the sentiment stirred up during the uprising. Many Pueblo quietly resisted Catholicism and folded their own cultural practices into norms instituted by the Spanish. This produced religious syncretism—the amalgamation of the distinct

language. As an adult he became a religious leader and was responsible for healing as well as for his people's spiritual life.

He knew of his people's suffering under Spanish settlers, who forced them to provide labor and food to support the Spanish community. The Spaniards pressured them to give up their religion and way of life and to adopt Christianity—those found practicing their religion were tortured and sometimes executed.

religious cultures of the Pueblos and the Spanish. The Spanish slowly decreased their labor demands and the harsh practices . Over the course of the next few centuries, Pueblo and Spaniards intermarried. Pueblo customs started to shape—and continue to heavily influence— New Mexican culture.

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The Lincoln County War | Part 4 | Richard Brewer

R

������ M. "Dick" Brewer (February 19, 1850 – April 4, 1878), was a cowboy and Lincoln County, New Mexico, lawman. He was the founding leader of the Regulators, a deputized posse who fought in the Lincoln County War.

Brewer was born in St. Albans, Vermont. At the age of four, he and his family moved to Boaz, Wisconsin.

He later moved on to Missouri before arriving in Lincoln County. Brewer tried farming as a profession, and he bought a farm in Lincoln County with this in mind.

In the spring of 1871, Brewer began working for Lawrence Murphy, but soon left that job. By 1876, he was working as a cattle foreman for cattleman John Tunstall, owner of one of the largest farms in the area On February 18, 1878, Tunstall was murdered. After Tunstall's murder, a posse was deputized to serve arrest warrants on his killers, with Brewer chosen to lead the

posse. The Regulators originated from that posse, and included Billy the Kid and Jose Chavez y Chavez.

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Page 79 Dick Brewer established a bond of friendship with Billy the Kid, Chavez and the rest of Billy the Kid's gang, and he was often accompanied by gang members.

Being one of the founders of the Regulators, Brewer sometimes assumed a leadership role when around Billy, Chavez and the rest of their company, and was the first leader of the Regulators during the early stages of the Lincoln County War. The pair remained friends until Brewer's death, and evidently he followed Brewer's lead. Brewer was the most mature of the group, by all accounts, and the rest of the publicly credited to Billy the Kid, most Regulators accepted him in that role. historians agree that there are doubts as to The confirmed killings claimed to have whether he was the actual killer in most cases, and agree that often their victims been carried out by the Regulators during were killed during a shootout, with many Brewer's period as leader were those of members of the Regulators firing at the Sheriff William Brady, William Morton, same time, including Brewer. deputy George W. Hindman, lawman/outlaw Frank Baker, Buckshot It was, however, Billy the Kid who Roberts, and fellow Regulator William became known, and through whose McCloskey, whom the Regulators believed notoriety, the fame of the Regulators to have betrayed them. spread. Brewer was killed by an old buffalo Brewer did not agree with the killing of hunter, Buckshot Roberts, during the Gunfight of Blazer's Mills, on April 4, Sheriff Brady and Deputy Hindman, but 1878, during which five other Regulators supported and participated in the other were wounded. murders.

Although most of those killed by the Regulators throughout their existence were

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T

��� �� ��� easiest red sangria you can make because it contains just five ingredients and comes together right in the pitcher. Sangria, especially red sangria, is one of our favorite pitcher drinks because it's colorful, festive and comes together incredibly fast. Although Spaniards and Portuguese have been drinking sangria for centuries, the brandyspiked drink didn’t make an official appearance in the United States until 1964, at the World’s Fair in New York City.

HOW TO MAKE THIS RECIPE ● In a pitcher, combine the red wine, brandy, Simple Syrup and fruit.

Refrigerate until the drink is chilled and the flavors are blended, 4 to 8 hours.

Serve the sangria in chilled, ice-filled wineglasses.

INGREDIENTS ● One 750-milliliter bottle fruity red wine ● 4 ounces brandy ● 3 ounces Simple Syrup ● 1 cup mixed chunks of seeded oranges, lemons and limes ● Ice

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Notable People of Lincoln County Part 1 of a continuing series Richard Farnsworth (September 1, 1920 – October 6, 2000) An stuntman who, after more than 30 years in the business, moved into acting and became an acclaimed and respected character actor, Richard Farnsworth was a native of Los Angeles.

He grew up around horses and as a teenager was offered an opportunity to ride in films. He appeared in horse-racing scenes and cavalry charges unbilled, first as a general rider and later as a stuntman.

His riding and stunting skills gained him regular work doubling stars ranging from Roy Rogers to Gary Cooper, and he often doubled the bad guy.

Although. like most stuntmen, he was occasionally given a line or two of dialogue, it was not until Farnsworth was over 50 that his natural talent for acting and his ease and warmth before the camera became apparent.

When he won an Academy Award nomination for his role in Comes a Horseman (1978), it came as a surprise to many in the industry that this "newcomer" had been around since the 1930s.

Farnsworth followed his Oscar nomination with a number of finely wrought performances, including The Grey Fox (1982) and The Natural (1984). In 1999 he came out of semi-retirement for a tour-deforce portrayal in The Straight Story (1999).

Farnsworth was married to Margaret "Maggie" Hill (who died in 1985) for 38 years. They had two

children, Diamond and Missy. He moved to Lincoln, New Mexico, where he owned a 60-acre ranch, was involved in the community and was well-liked.

Shortly before his death, when asked by film critic Roger Ebert what he was most proud of in regard to his acting career, he replied that it was the fact that in over 60 movies he never says one cuss word.

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2017 Ruidoso Art Festival Art lovers, from the serious collector to the first-time buyer, will be sure to discover treasures to complement any lifestyle or budget at the Ruidoso Art Festival.

First held in 1971 as an outdoor tent show, the Ruidoso Art Festival has evolved into an annual event which attracts thousands of art enthusiasts.

Now an indoor event held at the Ruidoso Convention Center, artists arrive from around the United States to display a dazzling array of fine art. The Ruidoso Art Festival also features a Silent Auction to benefit the Chamber's Special Project Fund which funds philanthropic endeavors in local communities.

Location: Contact Information: Ruidoso Convention Center 111 Sierra Blanca Drive, Ruidoso

Ruidoso Valley Chamber of Commerce 877-RUIDOSO, 575-257-7395

Date/Time Information:

Fees/Admission:

Friday, July 21: 12 noon - 6 pm

$6 for adults

Saturday, July 22: 10 am - 6 pm

$1 for children under 10

Sunday, July 23: 11 am - 5 pm

$4 for military

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The grainy, black-and-white photo was taken from an altitude of 65 miles by a 35-millimeter motion picture camera riding on a V-2 missile launched from the White Sands Missile Range on October 24, 1946.

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