Urban Wash
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Architecture Portfolio B.Arch Thesis Project 2015-2016 Professor Lance Brown 511 +521 Alanna Verena Lauter
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Architecture Portfolio B.Arch Thesis Project 2015-2016 511 +521 Alanna Verena Lauter
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Place Introduction Located in the Medina of Fez, which is listed as a UNESCO world heritage site since 1981. Place Lalla Yeddouna is a strategic location at the nucleus of this oldest part of Fez. The Medina is a mosaic of small scale, modest, sand colored houses, and its endless labyrinth of narrow streets, where we can find still preserved as a living museum, an antique mode of life, full of history and shrouded in mystery. The area of Place Lalla Yeddouna, where the city was founded on the two banks of the main river in Fez (“Oued Al Jawahir”), used to be one of the key links between the two sides of the old city.In the future, Place Lalla Yeddouna will become a dynamic, mixed use, urban space that will benefit both residents of and visitors to the Medina. The site is expected to become a major catalyst for artisan development, with spaces for educational programs, residences, artisan production, shops, restaurants, cafés and other services. The new complex will support activities for youth and adults.With its unique architectural character representing the regional building tradition and with its surrounding urban fabric, excellent accessibility and functionality, Place LallaYeddouna is expected to be a cultural site exemplary of our time and the region, and a stimulator and generator for the development of other projects in Fez, its region and Morocco.
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Place Findings In a place that’s urban infrastructure is so rooted in the informality of building construction there is an incredible richness that creates the matrix that is the medina. The tightness of the streets that open up into markets, mosques, industrial centers is what allows a person like me, a visitor, to navigate the intense intricacy that is found in this part of the world. Part of the reason why I was so drawn to this as a location is because of the richness that exists on the interior of most Moroccan architecture. As heavily dense as the urban fabric is the interiors are just as packed with detail and craftsmanship. However, the carefulness in planning, beauty, thoughtfulness is something that lacks just on the other side of the wall that meets the streets and alley ways. This is what intrigued me to study the threshold between this interiority and the materiality that transitions from the circulation of the city to the privacy of the inside. Since most of the public places that exist in the medina are primarily location with the streets, and adjacent shop fronts there is a lack of dedicate space in the medina for public life. The only other gathering space that is available is the mosques, many that have restrictions to women, non-Muslims and others. This began the study of the wall.
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SITE ANALYSIS
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Population
100,000 people (Medina) Â| 950,000 people (Fes) | 3,000,000 people (Morocco) 300 Hectares (3sqkm) | 550 inhabiants per hectares Approximate city limits 2,400m x 1600m Average building height 3-4 stories
Parties involved in the restoration of the Medina PDRT (Regional Development Program for Tourist) PDRA (Regional Program for Handicrafts) RADEEF (Regional Water Authorities + Electricity)
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Urban Morphology Around Oued Fes
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
789
809
1164
1279
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Urban Form in the Arab World: Past and Present tradition the chain of revealed truth, wisdom, knowledge, which is transmitted and renewed generation to generation, thus linking various successive layers of temporal existence to the primordial reality which originated them. building archetypes the house, mosques, public facitilies, caravaneris, markets Codex of social behavior — away with city planning freedom of individual variations
Religious scared spaces
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Private home scared spaces
“ ...the scared within the Islamic city does not stand out in concentrated and isolated form,
”
but spreads over the urban fabric as a whole.
“ ...public spaces lack rigid planning to not be performative”
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Components of Urban Form residential type • inward oritentated autonomous structures • nonrigid external planning protects family life “aura” • paths seperate the circulation from private homes from commerical space • Spaces Seperated by cellular aggregated process • Public spaces — Interior • Cooridor System one place social, religious, administrative, polyvalent space
“ ...every cultural development...that is livable as rapid degeneration unless it is periodically rejuvenated by the i
”
nflux of fresh energies .
khittat a muslim settlement • relative lack of insitutional control • absense of predetermined formal layouts • autononomy of residential layouts • supremacy of residential layouts • reduction of circulation regulations networks courtyard climatic policy + private family shared space seperates it from the caravanserai + mosque “leit motir” walled city suqs linear arrangment with angular compositions male dominated social place production structures spices, incense, fine clothing, rugs, precious stones, medicine
“Traditional Building in Fes” Alessandra Grillo pg 39
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Traditional Building Materials the wall limestone (jeer) sand (raml), brick (liyajoor beldi) continuous exterior face
jir — rich lime mortar standard brick size 13cm x 26cm x 5.5cm types of structures 1,2,3,4 heads textures — curtain type, cross type, double header course, oblique, herring bone, toothcomb with courses of stone/wood (10cm) outer wall fine sand lime, egg white, sabon beldi (traditional soft soap from olive product)
inner wall finer + shiner sand (tadlakt) support beam + columns cedar | baked clay brick
“Traditional Building in Fes” Alessandra Grillo pg 44
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
URBAN WASH Fes, Morocco
Agriculture + Topography + Environmental Conditions • Fertile lowlands • HOT/ARID “Every culture development...that is bisable to rapid degeneration unless it is periodically rejuvenated by an influx of fresh energies.” • • • •
Atlas Mountains — creates large mineral deposits fed by ground water Aquifers are 10-20m in depth Water table >3m below grade
Pollution • Mineral deposits (heavy metals, chemicals, organic pollution (from tannery), direct dumping Ground Materials • Marl, limestone, clay, travertine (deposit of limestone which is fibrous or concentric)| Early Muslim Settlements • Khittah Relative lack of institutional control Absense of predetermined formal layouts Autonomy of residential layouts Supremacy of private arrangments over public Reduction of circulation regulation networks
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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722 281.53
slope determined every (1) meter Topography of Site
287 m
Fes, Morocco • • • •
Difference in land between west - east — 16.5m change 5% topography change in Place Lalla Yeddouna sqaure City slopes EAST. Fed by open ground water
Topography, scale1:500
N
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Water Management “Society is like a pot: it can’t carry water when it is broken”
Three Types of Complementary Water Infastructures; 1. Clean River Waters Uses — House cleaning | filling basins | irrigation of gardens | artisianal usages | fuel mills Pumped with Norias Source — Oued Fes; divided into three smaller rivers then distributed through a water distribution channel System — An infastructure that uses undergrounf tunnnels and surface canals where water flows through gravity 2. Maada Uses — Drinking water Pottery canals that fed public fountains and private taps 3. Sloukia Water Sanitation Network Ungerground water system that takes the water out of the city (towards Oued Sebou) Current Water Management Issues: The third system of water waste is stressed due to over popoulation and dams places outside city boundaries
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
URBAN WASH — WATER Fes, Morocco
Water System • Open ground water system • Aquifers depth - 10m to 30m • Water Table >3m • Fes River surface water GOALS — Uncover | Clean | Redevelopment
Citizens and Water 950,000 inhabitants TOTAL 892,000 inhabitants with private access to water 803,000 inhabitants connected to a sewage collection network Average water consumed 81 I.p.c.d (liters per capita per day) Estimated average volume waste water disposed of untreated 103,497 m3/day Pollution charge 640 mg/L
(This number is not just a product of domestic waste)
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URBAN WASH — WATER Fes, Morocco
Traditional Practices for water collection
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Fes, Medina Proposal by Aziza Chaouni principal of Aziza Chaouni Projects (ACP) based in Fez, Morocco and Toronto Canada.
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Conditions of Fes River pre 2008 covering of the river
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Conditions of Fes River + added underground water canals
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Fes, Medina Plaza Proposals by Aziza Chaouni Projects Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Program Redistribution
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Reinterpretation Throughout the beginning of this process I had to develop a strategy on how I was going to think about the site. Using the instruction of the original competition brief I was able to work within the existing conditions and reinterpret the area to accommodate new program, more open space and new circulation. This was the point where I begin to question what the differenceswere between restoration, preservation and reuse in a place such as Fes. This exercise also allowed me to look at the threshold that existed between the interior of each building and the access that was needed to arrive to each location.
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Site Plan — Exisiting Conditions
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Program redistribution
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Circulation Paths
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Proposal 1 Using the typology of existing market places in the city I began to scale the industrial buildings that were on the site to accommodate new program. With this system I was able to identify scale, proportions of room sizes, relationship between interior and exterior and create to access points. With this proposal much of the exterior wall remained the same, but the configuration of interiors shifted.
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Proposal 2 Noticing a lack of access to the river that runs through the site with this second proposal I focused more on rerouting circulation so that there would be a more direct relationship from the packed urban density to the river front. This was done by cutting through existing buildings to allow for a stronger physical path to the river. It was at this point where I identified that there was a larger issue in this area that went just beyond the retrofitting the building that were given in the competition brief. I found that the problems that pertained to the maintenance of the river and the streets were occurring because there was a lack of awareness of the behavior that was contributing to garbage and pollution. Because of the limited access there was little awareness of the ongoing bad conditions.
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The River
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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The River As the origin of the city’s existence this river is the source that allowed the early civilizations to succeed. It’s existence is very hidden within the density of the medina and over the years has been neglected and covered to provide more space for industrial processes. Day lighting has been a constant push in the current politics of Fes, in order to create a better condition for the river. In this sketch I begin to outline what strategy I would use in order to remediate the water’s condition. What I proposed was to dam the river, and reroute the water into a filtration system that would then empty back out into the river that would be reconstructed into terraces that would hold plants to further filter the water. This rejuvenation of the water as it empties out into the river becomes a newfound public space that not only brings new access to this water front, but also celebrates the spirituality that water brings to the people.
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Proposal to widden river + create terraces to help filter pollution
Retaining Wall
Under Water Canals
Public Fountain Source
River Bed
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New Site Working my way down the river from the competition site just north is an exisiting parking lot. Much of the pollution and garbage that made its way into the river was coming from this location. After identifying this source it later become the new site that I choose as my intervention. The goal of this infastructure was going to be a place that would allow the people to properly recycle and get rid of waste, while also being the location that filters the water coming from the river. Using the techniques that were used in the program redistribution of the Place Lalla Yeddouna I began to break apart the masses that would become the architectural component that held all of these ideas.
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Charles Correa’s India Pavillion
Carlos Scarpa’s Brion Cemetary, Italy
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Ground Plan Proposal
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Under Ground Plan Proposal — Water Filtration Zone
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Site Plan — New Proposal
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Section looking East
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
The idea behind the architectural intervention was that while we are stripping the wall away from the streetscape to allow access to the river bed, walls are added to the river in order to protect and maintain the newly filtered water. The ground floor would be open access to the public for non-toxic waste drop off and as your assend through the building the elements that are cleaning the water would be accessed.
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End Semester 1
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Semester 2
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With a fresh perspective the way that the building functioned was reexamined. The first sketch is building the form from the scale that exisits in the building adjcent to the site so that the building beginings to draw its footprint the the same articulation that the city has. This technique allowed me to not be bound by a traditional grid. Looking into techniques of passive design, and the courtyard typology that exisits in almost every structure of the medina I began to take the exterior walls and give each wall a function. Shading, cooling, circulation, storage, windows, etc. Then going beyond the wall function the interior was designed based on the program that was held within it.
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Sketch — Pavillion layout
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Precendents
SIREWALL Colou
S I R E W A L L C A N C R E AT E A L M O S T A N Y A N D C E M E N T C O L O U R W I T H T H E N AT We avoid blues and greens as they are toxic are about the same price. Multi-colour costs
M U LT I C O L O U R E D
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
SIREWALL Inspiration Kit, © 2015 SIREWALL Inc. | sirew
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
The Wall Using the techniques of the traditional rammed earth wall system with modern adaptations added, the exterior wall became the integral building component for how the building would function. Varying between 12�-18� the wall occupies a significant amount of space on the site, but provides the spacial, thermal and structural necessities. As the building goes up this rammed earth wall system bleeds into the roof as it transitions into a new building system that is modeled all of the Dry-vit roofing system used in contemporary building. This allows for the massing to be read as a whole in elevation, but creates a more efficient roof for rainfall, and heat. As the outside remains a monolithic structure the interior begins to introduce other materials such as gravel, wood, tiles, ceramics. Above the courtyards are open to sky allowing for light to penetrate through the space. Drainage made from gravel and sand sits below in the floor to capture the limited amount of rainfall and drains it into the filtration systems below.
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The discovery process throughout this journey is an intimate one.Much of the investigation was learning to understand the dynamics of a place where the milleu is complex and heavily rooted in tradition. The goal was to have the building is integrated in a way that was respecting the context in which it is situated, but at the same time create architecture that challeneges and renegociates the patterns that are hindering the positive development of the site.
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Underground Plan — Showing water filtration
The water filtration system that is incorporated into the building a potable system that uses primordial ways of cleanign water. Each step of the system I interpreted as a different type of wall that moves the water through the building and each step of the rejuvenation process.
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Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
2nd Floor Plan
Roof Plan
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Social and spiritual dimensions of water
Economic Instruments for Water
A muslim cannot hoard excess water — They are obliged to allow others to benefit from it. The priority of water use rights is: First of Humans to quench their thirst. Second, the right of cattle and household animals. and Third the right of irrigation.
Islamic perception is water cannot be nought or sold. Water is a gift from God. So no individual can own it. As populations evolve from rural and agrarian to urban and industrial, reallocation is not only permissible but is required to preserve equity, and the primary of the right to quench thirst. Intersectional transfers are considered inevitable.
Non-Economic Instruments for Water The Qu’ran states clearly that the supply of water is fixed and that it should not be wasted.
Section — Looking East Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
Integrated Water Management The input of the community on matters that concern it, including water management, is mandatory in Islam. This consolation is required of all those entitles to a voice.
Moroccan Environmental Ethics Human Dignity There is no life without water, ad those to whom it is denied are denied life. Participation All individuals must be involved in water planning, with gender and poverty issues recognized in fostering this process. Common Good Water is a common good and without proper water management human potential and dignity dimities. Transparency Is data is not accessible in a form that can be understood, an opportunity will arise for an interested party to disadvantage others. Empowerment This requirement to facilitate participation in planning and management means more than to allow an opportunity for consolation. Inclusiveness Water Management policies must address the interest of all who live in a water catchment area.
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Section — Looking South
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
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Urban Wash |
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Conclusion This place is very close to my heart. Discovering each intricacy throughout the process gave me insight to a place that although is culturally very different than my own, feels familiar and intuitive. I felt that while drawing, the repetitiveness of the drawings allowed me to get a full reading how this place came to be. There are many different interpretations of how this type of environment can be read, and was not clear to me from the beginning. However, trying to find a common motif facilitated the project and allowed me to explore a very complex place, with a very primordial approach. Through the architecture I wanted the place to elevate the experience of the man or woman who would be interacting within it. The goal was through the architecture — the wall— which the people would be able to understand why the building was
Urban Wash |
Fes, Morocco
there, and feel comfortable inhabiting it. Much of my decisions came from my interpretation of the place, whether it was about materiality, spatial relationships, light and air. By going about the project with a purpose of understand and responding, instead of thinking about the final build project I felt that the concept grew stronger with each sketch. I hope to take these sketches with me into the future, as a project to continually explore and learn from. As a conglomeration of my time here at the Spitizer School of Architecture I feel that this is who I am.
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