Erin Cannington, M.D. Allergy & Asthma Clinics of Georgia
Lisa Seymour Integrity Hospice
Dr. Hans Chang Albany Diagnostics
James Palazzolo, M.D. Sleep Apnea Centers of America
Keisha Callins, M.D. Mercer University School of Medicine
Kelly Miller, FNP-BC Georgia Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center
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RECURRING EVENTS PHOEBE PUTNEY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Third Tuesday each month at 3pm at Phoebe Sumter Medical Center Cafeteria Private Dining Room.
Wednesdays at 11:00 to 11:45am at Senior Life Enrichment Center Call 435-6789 to register ~ FREE Ages 60 & up
Mondays at 11:00am Advanced Wednesdays at 3:00pm at Senior Life Enrichment Center Call 435-6789 to Register ~ FREE Ages 60 & up 2 | A (SCNI) Southern Community Newspaper Product | April 2017
April 2017 | A (SCNI) Southern Community Newspaper Product | 3
How Bad Are Tanning Beds? telling you that indoor tanning beds are bad for you, but researchers finally have nailed down just how bad. They looked at data on over 140,000 women and found that those who’d had 30 or more tanning-bed sessions were 32 percent more likely to develop melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, than non-tanners. And that’s not to mention an increase in premature skin wrinkling.
In the “Friends� episode “The One with Ross’s Tan,� Ross (David Schwimmer ) goes into a spray-on tanning booth, is befuddled by the instructions and gets sprayed twice in front, missing his back. After trying and failing twice more to balance out the coverage, he ends up with a level 16 spray-on tan (2 is optimal) on the front half of his body. Although Ross royally botched his spray tan, at least he steered clear of a tanning bed. For a while now we’ve been
So why are a whopping 9.7 million of you still going for the indoor tan? If you just say no and accept your natural skin color, you’ll give yourself a younger RealAge, live longer and look better as you do it! If you absolutely must get a darker glow, use a spray tan, and use it correctly. That includes wearing a mask to avoid fumes. Also, if you think indoor tanning will give you a vitamin D boost, that’s not happening. The bulbs in tanning booths emit mostly
deep-penetrating UVA rays. It’s the shorter UVB rays that help your skin make vitamin D. Mehmet Oz, M.D. is host of “The Dr. Oz Show,� and Mike Roizen, M.D. is Chief Wellness Officer and Chair of Wellness Institute at Cleveland Clinic. To live your healthiest, tune into “The Dr. Oz Show� or visit www.sharecare.com. (c) 2017 Michael Roizen, M.D. and Mehmet Oz, M.D. Distributed by King Features Syndicate, Inc.
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4 | A (SCNI) Southern Community Newspaper Product | April 2017
What can I do to relieve eye-related allergy symptoms? I have allergies, and my eyes are affected the most. They’re puffy, red and itchy. What can I do? Pollens, animal dander, dust mites and mold: The same allergens that cause sneezing and an itchy nose and throat can trigger allergy symptoms that affect your eyes, too. If your eyes are red and itchy, you may also have tearing, mucous discharge and swelling of your conjunctiva (the inside of your eyelid). This constellation of symptoms is known as allergic conjunctivitis. It can be uncomfortable, but it is not a threat to vision. To help improve your symptoms, try to avoid whatever triggers your allergies. If you are allergic to cats, avoid them, or at least don’t touch your eyes when near one. If pollen is your nemesis, keep your windows closed. And keep an air purifier or air conditioner going in pollen season. A simple but effective remedy is to place a cool, wet washcloth over your eyes. Also, use artificial tears (available without prescription) frequently. They’ll give you some relief and help wash away allergens.
Try not to rub your eyes. Doing so causes mast cells, which play a key role in allergic reactions, to release inflammation-causing chemicals into the eye. This makes symptoms worse. If your symptoms appear occasionally, try one of the newer generation of antihistamines you can take by mouth. Antihistamines block the action of histamine, a major cause of itchy eyes. Over-the-counter options include loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec) and fexofenadine (Allegra). Others are available by prescription. Another option is eye drops that contain mast cell stabilizers, which limit release of the inflammationcausing chemicals. During an allergy attack, eye drops work faster than pills taken by mouth. Eye drops that contain antihistamines and decongestants (medicines that cause small blood vessels to narrow) are available over the counter. They can provide quick relief, particularly of the redness in the eye. But don’t use these medications for more than a week or two, as they can cause
excessive narrowing of the blood vessels in your eye. And be prepared for a little redness to return after you’ve stopped using them. If your symptoms persist, try eye drops that combine a mast cell stabilizer and an antihistamine. These drugs are available over the counter and by prescription. If you use multiple types of eye drops, such as drops containing an antihistamine and artificial tears, don’t put both drops in your eye at the same time. Wait about five minutes between putting the two types of drops in your eye. Otherwise, the second type you put in your eye may wash away the effects of the first type. If your symptoms are severe and don’t improve with other medications, ask your doctor about prescription eye drops that contain corticosteroids. These medications help control inflammation, but they should only be used under the guidance of an eye specialist (ophthalmologist). Without proper monitoring, corticosteroid eye drops can cause glaucoma, cataracts or other serious complications.
Easy Ways to Add Veggies to Everyday Meals
E
FAMILY FEATURES
veryone can agree that eating your vegetables is important. Yet only about 4 percent of Americans eat the recommended amount of veggies each day. The frozen vegetable expert, Birds Eye, is working to help more people eat more vegetables more often by teaching consumers the importance of vegetables and providing delicious, easy ways to make veggies a part of everyday meals.
School Day Starter
Help your child begin the day the right way with a tasty, nutritious breakfast, such as this protein-rich egg wrap. By creating the cheese DQG UHG SHSSHU ¿OOLQJ WKH QLJKW before, you’ll be able to assemble this morning meal in less than 10 minutes. Studies show that eating EUHDNIDVW KDV PXOWLSOH EHQH¿WV IRU children, and this wrap can help achieve those while also delivering NLG IULHQGO\ ÀDYRU )LQG PRUH nutritious recipes at AICR.org.
Egg and Roasted Red Pepper Wrap
Recipe reprinted with permission from the American Institute for Cancer Research Servings: 1 1 large red bell pepper, halved and seeded salt, to taste 1/4 teaspoon dried basil 1/4 teaspoon oregano 1/4 teaspoon thyme 1 large egg 1 large egg white nonstick cooking spray 2 teaspoons grated Parmesan cheese 2 tablespoons chopped ÀDW OHDI SDUVOH\ WDEOHVSRRQV UHGXFHG IDW ricotta cheese 1/8 teaspoon harissa ORZ IDW ZKROH ZKHDW tortilla Heat oven to 425 F.
Place pepper, cut-side down, on foil-covered baking sheet. Bake until skin is puffed and blistered, 20-30 minutes. Transfer pepper to bowl, cover with plate and let VWHDP PLQXWHV 8VLQJ ¿QJHUV and small knife, pull skin off pepper. Place pepper on plate. Sprinkle with salt, basil, oregano and thyme; cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate overnight, or up to 24 hours. In bowl, whisk egg and egg white together until well blended. Coat 8-inch skillet with cooking spray and set over medium-high heat. Add egg, tilting to coat bottom of pan, and cook until egg is set, 1-2 minutes. Sprinkle Parmesan and parsley, and cook until surface of omelet looks dull, PLQXWHV 6OLGH ÀDW RPHOHW RQWR plate and set aside. In small bowl, combine ricotta and harissa. Blot roasted pepper dry using paper towel and cut into thin strips. To assemble wrap, spread ricotta mixture over tortilla, leaving 1/2inch uncovered around edges. Slide omelet onto tortilla, positioning near end. Starting at narrow end of tortilla, arrange 8-10 pepper strips horizontally on top of egg. Starting at near end, tightly roll up tortilla. Cut rolled tortilla diagonally into 3 pieces and serve immediately. 1XWULWLRQDO LQIRUPDWLRQ per serving: 330 calories, 11 g total fat (3 g saturated fat), 34 g carbohydrate, 20 g protein, 6 g GLHWDU\ ¿EHU PJ VRGLXP
Good eating habits start early Through partnerships with organizations, such as Environmental Media Association, Birds Eye educates children on ways to enjoy vegetables. The current school garden program brings celebrities, like Lance Bass, back to their hometowns to plant vegetable gardens and talk to students about the importance of veggies, agriculture and healthy eating, while allowing them to understand and connect with their environment.
Healthy, inside and out Because vegetables provide YDOXDEOH GLVHDVH ¿JKWLQJ EHQH¿WV LQFOXGLQJ UHGXFLQJ WKH risk of heart disease, obesity and Type 2 diabetes while lowering blood pressure and cholesterol, decreasing bone loss and protecting against certain cancers, the USDA UHFRPPHQGV WKDW $PHULFDQV ¿OO half their plates with fruits and vegetables. The USDA cites PDQ\ EHQH¿WV WR ¿OOLQJ PRUH RI each plate with vegetables, such as: Vegetables are low in fat, calories and cholesterol, and offer nutrients, such as SRWDVVLXP ¿EHU DQG IROLF DFLG 3RWDVVLXP GLHWDU\ ¿EHU DQG IRODWH have been linked to cardiovascular health, while vitamins A and C help keep the immune system strong. Adding 1-3 cups of vegetables each GD\ FDQ PDNH D VLJQL¿FDQW difference in long-term health. Here are some easy tips for adding veggies to each day: 1. Mixing vegetables into eggs is a great way to start the day. 0L[ LW XS ZLWK ÀDYRUHG vegetables. Birds Eye offers more than 40 vegetable varieties, with
Photo courtesy of Getty Images
something that appeals to almost everyone. 3. Sit down for dinner together as a family. Family meals are more likely to contain healthy foods and KDYH WKH DGGHG EHQH¿W RI reconnecting with loved ones. 4. Buying frozen vegetables means less prep work, making it easier to include veggies – even on a busy day. 5. Try replacing carbs with vegetables – mix some broccoli into your mashed potatoes or
replace some of your pasta with veggies.
Green is good Not only are vegetables good for the body, they’re good for the world. :KHQ SHRSOH ¿OO PRUH RI WKHLU SODWHV with vegetables, farmers can feed more people using less land, water and energy. Additionally, fewer chemicals are needed and fewer greenhouse gasses are released. For more information, visit birdseye.com/birds-eye-view.
April 2017 | A (SCNI) Southern Community Newspaper Product | 5
APRIL / STRESS AWARENESS MONTH TIPS TO RELIEVE CAREGIVER STRESS
DEALING WITH CAREGIVER STRESS
•
such as sleeping or eating problems, anxiety, headaches, depression, guilt, muscle fatigue or tension. • Some would–be helpers hesitate to offer because they don’t know your needs and don’t want to “interfere”. It is important to • maintain relationships with others and not just the loved one in your care. Lisa Seymour, RN Talk or write about • Administrator/PCC your feelings, whether they are good Integrity Hospice or bad. A regular record of events and 1216 Dawson Road, Ste 113 emotions will help you recognize Albany, GA 31707 stress before it becomes a problem. O) 229 349 6390 F) 229 518 9164 • www.IntegrityHospiceGA.com What can you expect and what new issues might arise. It is important as a caregiver to • Break remember to make time for yourself challenges into smaller parts. and to take care of your own needs. Don’t • Remember, the care that you give completely isolate yourself in the your loved one suffers if you are not in caregiving role. Take time for your hobbies; they will help take your mind the best possible place, both off the situation and responsibilities physically and mentally. It is vital that even if it is just for an hour or so a day. you remain healthy and are able to If you or someone It often helps to • provide your loved one with the best you love is dealing with the speak to others who are in a similar care you can. situation and can share your stressors associated with frustrations, feelings and concerns. an advanced illness and This is • In an effort to ensure the best would like to explore care not a role that demands absolute possible care for your loved one, perfection. Take pride in what you are and support options please integrated support from others will be doing for someone else; it really is a crucial. Consider seeking help from call us to schedule a big deal. other family members, church families, • complimentary in home friends and even neighbors who may You are giving the evaluation. be willing to help. Though asking for best part of yourself to help someone you love. One day you will be able to help may be difficult, the benefits for look back and know what you have you and your loved one will outweigh contributed. Lisa Seymour, RN, PCC, your initial hesitancy. You are likely to • Administrator find that many are glad to help, and Sometimes laughter really is Integrity Hospice 229 349 6390 may be waiting for you to need them. the best medicine.
As someone close to us begins to struggle with an advancing illness, we will often find ourselves in the role of caregiver. Becoming a caregiver offers connection, pride and the opportunity to express how deeply we care about the ones we love. It is a heroic yet truly demanding role that will take time and present numerous challenges. Learning how to deal with the stresses that are a natural part of facing a loved one’s illness as well those that come from stepping into the caregiving role, will help you provide the best possible care.
DONOR REGISTRY https://www.donatelifegeorgia.org/register/
For more information please call: Carla Hawkins, MBA Education Specialist Multicultural Donation Education Program LifeLink® Foundation 2875 Northwoods Pkwy. Norcross, GA 30071 Mobile: 229-291-7457 carla.hawkins@lifelinkfound.org http://www.lifelinkfound.org/
6 | A (SCNI) Southern Community Newspaper Product | April 2017
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Organ, tissue, and eye donors have the power to save up to eight lives and enhance many more. You can make a world of difference!
By the age of 10, Shovon had undergone six heart surgeries and had a pacemaker. Because Shovon’s heart condition caused him to tire easily or become ill, he spent the majority of his life watching from the sidelines, unable to participate in many youth activities or play sports. The local paramedics had to visit his home so often that Shovon knew them by name. At the age of only 16, just one month into his sophomore year of high school, Shovon knew something was drastically wrong. He began sweating excessively, running out of breath easily and feeling even more tired than usual. A trip to the ER confirmed his family’s worst fears— Shovon’s heart muscle was failing, and he needed a new heart to live. Fortunately, Shovon did not have to wait long. Three weeks after being placed on the national organ transplant waiting list, the perfect match was donated, and Shovon got his new heart.
Shovon’s transplant has improved his health and changed his outlook on life. His newfound energy enabled him to finish high school and his experience has inspired him to give back. Shovon is an active member of his community, and he just completed his studies to become a paramedic. His donor made it possible for him to help those in need, just like the paramedics that he got to know so well as a child helped him. He honors the generosity of his donor by living each day to the fullest. In Georgia, over 5,500 people await a second chance at life and more than 118,000 men, women,
and children in the United States are on the organ transplant waiting list; twenty-two will die each day because a much needed organ does not become available in time. The need for organ donors is more critical than ever. You have the power to donate life and improve the lives of up to 70 people by being an organ, eye, and tissue donor. Register your donation decision today at www.DonateLifeGeorgia.org. For more information about organ donation contact LifeLink® of Georgia at 800-544-6667 or visit www.LifeLinkFoundation.org.
April 2017 | A (SCNI) Southern Community Newspaper Product | 7
Dr. Charles A. Rouse, Jr. Founder The Medicine Man’s Corner
http://www.themedicineman.com Allergies - Natural Relief from Allergies SinuComp (PhytoPharmica) 1 three times a day. A traditional European favorite that supports the mucous membranes and sinus cavities. Appropriate for colds, allergies, and other factors related to sinus inflammation. Be Allergy-Free (Medicine Man) 2 every 4 to 6 hours, as needed for symptoms of nasal congestion, coughing, wheezing, itching eyes, headaches, and fatigue caused by allergies. Complete Nutrients for Immune System (Thymus Complex) (Medicine Man) 2 capsules twice a day (children: use capsules 1 per 30 lbs. of body weight, up to a total of 3 per day). Charlie’s Choice (Medicine Man) 2 capsules with breakfast and 2 lunch. Fights inflammation and decreases allergies or hayfever attacks by lowering histamine levels. Olive Leaf 17% Extract 3 capsules twice a day, on an empty stomach. Anti-mold.
Cold / Flu Support (Health Care America) 2 capsules twice a day. Great for chronic allergy conditions. Has anti-mold effect. Flaxseed Oil by Barleans Take 1 tablespoonful once or twice a day. Enhances cells and helps those with nasal congestion, cough, wheeze, dry skin, lackluster hair, puffiness in face. Complete Nutrients for Digestion (Medicine Man) 1 three times a day with meals. Can alleviate the major culprit in many allergies, undigested protein particles. Quercetin-C (Ecological Formulas) 1 three times a day Newton Lab JumpStart Kit plus #7 Hayfever (springtime) or #55 Pollen & Weed Formula (fall of the year),
#58 Food Additive Formula, #57 Dairy & Grain Formula, #56 Dust, Mold, & Animal Dander, #60 Amalgam Detox. These are homeopathic medicines. Vitamin C crystalline powder 1000mg (1/4 teaspoon) three times a day Pantethine Plus 1 capsule (300mg) three times a day (supports the adrenal glands and increases energy). LIFESTYLE: Avoid soft drinks and processed foods. Identify and eliminate offending foods. Tape a small amount of food, dust, or whatever you think you may be allergic to on your skin. Leave on 24 hours. If red spot or rash = you’re probably allergic. Sometimes low thyroid output precipitates allergies: Complete Nutrients for Thyroid Function 1 or 2 three times a day. (See “Thyroid” section for determining if low or not). The most common allergens include: milk and all dairy products, wheat, corn, citrus, peanuts or peanut butter, eggs, and processed foods that contain artificial food coloring.
SKIN CANCER TREATMENT ~ SKIN EXAMS MOHS SURGERY ~ MOLE REMOVAL
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Let’s Talk WOMEN’S HEALTH
FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE: FACING YOUR FEAR OF FIBROIDS Enlightenment
Empowerment
Fibroids are one of the most common concerns that may need to be addressed in the management of women’s health issues. Some women have no symptoms while others may have a range of symptoms such as heavy or irregular cycles, painful cycles, painful intercourse, changes in bladder or bowel habits, or change in the way your clothes may fit. Fibroids may have a wide range of effects on a woman’s quality of life - psychological (lack of interest in doing things she likes, worried about what she may wear or where she can go, fear that she may be embarrassed); physical (feeling tired, low blood count, ability to get pregnant, feeling a mass in the abdomen); and financial (cost of supplies, time lost from work, efficiency at work), to name a few.
Once your evaluation is done, your doctor may discuss medical and/or surgical options. It is important for you to work closely with your doctor to find the best options for you, after considering how much you are affected by your symptoms as well what will give the best outcome. Medical options – may involve the use of a variety of medications to help manage your symptoms. Surgical options - may range from simple procedures that affect only the lining of the uterus, or removing fibroids, or the most definitive option – removal of the uterus. Please keep in mind that in some cases you can start with one option and then change if it does not work. Your doctor will advise you on the risks and benefits for each procedure.
Education
with Keisha R. Callins, MD. MPH Mercer University School of Medicine
The uterus is a muscle that may develop extra growth and result in the formation of fibroids. They are not usually cancerous. They may occur on the inside, within the lining, or outside of the uterus. Many women with fibroids commonly have heavy and painful cycles, but since there are other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, in addition to your pelvic and physical exam, your doctor may request lab tests and imaging studies like an ultrasound to help with your evaluation. Your plan of action will also consider – your age; the size, number and location of fibroids; overall impact on your life; plan for future pregnancy, and history of other surgeries.
Encouragement Most importantly, please do not ignore your symptoms. If you have fibroids, it is natural to be concerned but you owe it to yourself to explore the treatment options. Even if you think cost may be an issue, please discuss your concerns with your doctor to see what resources are available. If your symptoms are affecting your ability to work, take care of your family, or pursue your goals, then you should definitely try to do something to make a difference for you. You deserve it.
Quote of the Month: “I know God will not give me anything I can’t handle. I just wish he didn’t trust me so much� ~ Mother Theresa ~
Douglas Vascular Center Total vein care for men & women
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JOIN OIN US S at the he
Southw Southwest hwest Georgia gia Comm Community ommunity nity alth Fair Fair a plus p s Senior or Expo po p Health
SWGA The Albany Herald presents
Health Fair & Senior Expo Saturday, S Satur day, May M y 13 t 10:00a.m. Ma 1 - 2:00p.m. 2:00p.m. Albany Alban lban Mall
Free Health Free He ealth Scr Screenings eenings for the Community Commu unity America American an Red Cr Cross o oss Blood D Drive Local V Vendors: endors: Health, H , Wellness, Wellness, Senior Is Issues ssues and more morre with Res Resources sources and Services Serrvices for th the he Community Commu unity
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April 2017 | A (SCNI) Southern Community Newspaper Product | 13
TEENS AND BIRTH CONTROL: “THE SHOT� (DEPO-PROVERA) Some feel that if you go ahead and put a teenage girl on birth control, that it’s somehow giving her a license to go out and have sex. I know that mindset because I used to feel that way. But these days I look at things differently. I often wonder if my mom wouldn’t have given me the option to be placed on the pill, and instead insisted that I use the Depo-Provera injection, would I have been a teenage mom? I wasn’t always having sex, so I didn’t remember to take the pill every day. However, I remember choosing the pill because I heard so many rumors about how “the shot� makes you gain weight, and seriously what young girl wants to willingly take something that will make her gain the weight, as she is already constantly worried about how she looks. Now as a mom and an advocate for teenage pregnancy prevention, I think it’s time to educate ourselves and choose a birth control option for our teens as soon as we learn that they are sexually active. There are various methods but we’ll cover the one most commonly used by teens as it is more beneficial and ensures that they are protected, without having to remember to take a pill every day. Depo Provera-As I mentioned earlier, I’ve found that this method is the most popular among teens and young women and has been for many years. The shot contains the hormone progestin, which stops you from ovulation. When there’s no
egg in the tube pregnancy can’t happen. It also would by making cervical mucus thicker. When the mucus is thicker, the sperm can’t get through, (Planned Parenthood, 2017) which prevents the sperm and egg from ever being able to reach other, thus the pregnancy never happens. It’s important to get the shot on time to ensure its effectiveness, if not, the doctors would have to conduct a pregnancy test before providing the next dose. It’s usually about every 12 to 13 weeks, but your doctor should give you a sheet that list your dose dates and other important time frames. It’s usually free depending on your provider and or your health insurance The depo injection provides no protection against STD’s and condoms are still needed to prevent the spreading of HIV and other STD’s. All methods of birth control carry their own set of risks as with anything else, the goal is to find the best fit for the individual. More information about this method and others please visit the following link. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/ birth-control/birth-control-shot-depoprovera Works Cited (2017, March 23). Retrieved from Planned Parenthood: https:// www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birthcontrol/birth-contol-shot-depo-provera
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LEVEL I: MINIMAL LA SSISTANCE ASSISTANCE
Type 1 Diabetes,
immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria and viruses — mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing (islet) cells in the pancreas. once known as juvenile diabetes or insulindependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which Genetics may play a role in this process, and exposure to certain environmental factors, such as the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter viruses, may trigger the disease. The role of insulin cells to produce energy. The far more common type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough insulin. Once a significant number of islet cells are destroyed, you’ll produce little or no insulin. Insulin Various factors may contribute to type 1 diabetes, is a hormone that comes from the pancreas, a including genetics and exposure to certain viruses. gland situated behind and below the stomach. Although type 1 diabetes usually appears during childhood or adolescence, it also can begin in adults.
Despite active research, type 1 diabetes has no cure. But it can be managed. With proper treatment, people with type 1 diabetes can expect to live longer, healthier lives than did people with type 1 diabetes in the past.
The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin circulates, enabling sugar to enter your cells. Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream. As your blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas.
The Role Of Glucose
Glucose — a sugar — is a main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other Symptoms Type 1 diabetes signs and symptoms can come on tissues. quickly and may include: Glucose comes from two major sources: food and your liver. Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream, Increased thirst where it enters cells with the help of insulin. Frequent urination Your liver stores glucose as glycogen. When your Bedwetting in children who previously didn’t wet glucose levels are low, such as when you haven’t the bed during the night eaten in a while, the liver converts stored glycogen Extreme hunger into glucose to keep your glucose level within a Unintended weight loss normal range. Irritability and other mood changes Fatigue and weakness Blurred vision In females, a vaginal yeast infection
When To See A Doctor
Consult your doctor if you notice any of the above signs and symptoms in you or your child.
Causes
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. In most people with type 1 diabetes, the body’s own
Type 2 Diabetes,
once known as adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body’s important source of fuel. With type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells — or doesn’t produce enough insulin to maintain a normal glucose level. More common in adults, type 2 diabetes increasingly affects children as childhood obesity increases. There’s no cure for type 2 diabetes, but you may be able to manage the condition by eating well, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight. If diet and exercise aren’t enough to manage your blood sugar well, you also may need diabetes medications or insulin therapy.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly. In fact, you can have type 2 diabetes for years and not know it. Look for: Excess sugar building up in your bloodstream causes fluid to be pulled from the tissues. This may leave you thirsty. As a result, you may drink — and urinate — more than usual. Without enough insulin to move sugar into your cells, your muscles and organs become depleted of energy. This triggers intense hunger. Despite eating more than usual to relieve hunger, you may lose weight. Without the ability to metabolize glucose, the body uses alternative fuels stored in muscle and fat. Calories are lost as excess glucose is released in the urine. If your cells are deprived of sugar, you may become tired and irritable. If your blood sugar is too high, fluid may be pulled from the lenses of your eyes. This may affect your ability to focus.
resistant to insulin or the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or both.
Risk Factors
Some known risk factors for type 1 diabetes include:
Anyone with a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes has a slightly increased risk of developing the condition. The presence of certain genes indicates an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The incidence of type 1 diabetes tends to increase as you travel away from the equator. People living in Finland and Sardinia have the highest incidence of type 1 diabetes — about two to three times higher than rates in the United States and 400 times the incidence among people living in Venezuela. Although type 1 diabetes can appear at any age, it appears at two noticeable peaks. The first peak occurs in children between 4 and 7 years old, and the second is in children between 10 and 14 years old. Many other possible risk factors for type 1 diabetes have been investigated, though none have been proved.
In Type 1 Diabetes,
there’s no insulin to let glucose into the cells, so sugar builds up in your bloodstream, where it can cause life-threatening complications. The cause of type 1 diabetes is different from the cause of the more familiar type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the islet cells are still functioning, but the body becomes
Type 2 diabetes affects your ability to heal and resist infections. Some people with type 2 diabetes have patches of dark, velvety skin in the folds and creases of their bodies — usually in the armpits and neck. This condition, called acanthosis nigricans, may be a sign of insulin resistance.
When To See A Doctor
See your doctor if you notice any type 2 diabetes symptoms.
Causes
Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas stops producing enough insulin. Exactly why this happens is unknown, although genetics and environmental factors, such as excess weight and inactivity, seem to be contributing factors.
How Insulin Works:
Insulin is a hormone that comes from the gland situated behind and below the stomach (pancreas). The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream. The insulin circulates, enabling sugar to enter your cells. Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream. As your blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas.
The Role Of Glucose
Glucose — a sugar — is a main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues. Glucose comes from two major sources: food and your liver. Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it enters cells with the help of insulin. Your liver stores and makes glucose. When your glucose levels are low, such as when you haven’t eaten in a while, the liver breaks down stored glycogen into glucose to keep your glucose level within a normal range. In type 2 diabetes, this process doesn’t work well. Instead of moving into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. As blood sugar levels increase, the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas release more insulin, but eventually these cells become impaired and can’t make enough insulin to meet the body’s demands.
Risk Factors
Researchers don’t fully understand why some people develop type 2 diabetes and others don’t. It’s clear, however, that certain factors increase the risk, including: Being overweight is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The more fatty tissue you have, the more resistant your cells become to insulin. However, you don’t have to be overweight to develop type 2 diabetes. If your body stores fat primarily in your abdomen, your risk of type 2 diabetes is greater than if your body stores fat elsewhere, such as your hips and thighs. The less active you are, the greater your risk of type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose as energy and makes your cells more sensitive to insulin. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases if your parent or sibling has type 2 diabetes. Although it’s unclear why, people of certain races — including blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Asian-Americans — are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than whites are. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45. That’s probably because people tend to exercise less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as they age. But type 2 diabetes is also increasing dramatically among children, adolescents and younger adults. Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Left untreated, prediabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes. If you developed gestational diabetes when you were pregnant, your risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases. If you gave birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds (4 kilograms), you’re also at risk of type 2 diabetes. For women, having polycystic ovarian syndrome — a common condition characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth and obesity — increases the risk of diabetes.
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