Lifegivers Gahini School by Alec Parcell

AN EDUCATION IN EARTH DS2 BIO-DIGITAL CRAFT ALEC PARCELL

S ITE R E SE A RCH

G A HI NI

KIGALI

RWAN DA

RWAN DA IS S ITUATE D IN E AST A F R I C A , O N THE G R E AT A F R I C A N R I F T, W HI C H IS CU RRE NTLY CARVIN G TH E A F R I C A N P L ATE I NTO T W O NE W P L ATE S . IT S ITS O N TH E E DGE O F A VO LCAN IC ZO NE W HI C H S U F F E R S F R O M M A NY L A ND SL I D E S AN N UALLY. TH E CO U NTRY IS L AN DLO CKE D A ND T HI S M A K E S G O O D S E X P E NS I V E TO IMPO RT O R E XPO RT. IT IS TH E 4 TH SM A L L E ST A F R I C A N C O U NTRY B U T H A S TH E H IGH E ST PO PU L ATIO N DE NSIT Y BY L A ND A R E A , M E A NI NG R E SO U R C E S ARE S TRE TCH E D TH IN LY TO G E T BY.

G A HI NI I S THE S IT E O F THE E A ST A F R I C A N R E V I VA L W ITHI N THE A NG L I C A N C O M M U NIT Y. R E C E NTLY A NE W 2 0 0 0 S E AT C AT HE D R A L WA S C O NS TR U CTED I N THE TO W N, HO W E V E R , THI S WA S F U ND E D BY T HE C HU R C H A ND THE A R EA I S ACTUA L LY U NB E L I E VA B LY P O O R , R E LY I NG HE AV I LY O N S U B SI ST E NC E FA R M I NG .

SECTI O N

GA H I N I C ATH ED R A L

S ITE O F S C HO O L P R O J E CT

TRADIN G C E NTR E 02

ARABLE FA R M L A ND

C H UR C H

N UR SERY

MEETI N G H O USE

K ITC H EN

L AVATO R I ES

M ATE R I A L RESEARCH

A. Lin, M.A. Meyers / Materials Science and Engineering A 390 (2005) 27–41

Fig. 4. (a) Detailed view of growth band (mesolayer) showing dark organic layers; first, interruption of aragonite formation (top of black organic layer) takes place; remineralization (bottom of organic layer) starts with irregular (spherulitic) layer and transitions to tiled aragonite; shell interior: bottom; (b) specimen subjected to flexure testing exhibiting crack deflection at mesolayers.

is clear evidence for faceting in the individual growing tiles in Fig. 8(b). This is consistent with differences between the propagation velocities Va and Vb , which are the crystal growth velocities along directions X and Y, respectively (Fig. 5). Directions X and Y deﬁne the “basal” plane. The stacking of tiles in Fig. 8(b) shows hexagons (with rounded edges) of decreasing size; their faces are parallel. Shown in Fig. 9 are schematic drawings of two growth sequences with a common c orientation: (a) random distribution of a and b orientations; (b) aligned a and b orientations. The situation more closely resembling Fig. 8 is the one in

Fig. 9(b); thus, one can conclude that all tiles along the same RWAN DA “Christmas tree” have the same crystallographic orientation. Fig. 10 shows the sequence of growth, as it is thought to occur. First, a proteinaceous layer (possibly, the beta conformation of Addadi et al. [44]) is deposited. Then, a calcite layer (not shown in our sketch) is formed. The aragonite crystals nucleate and grow, with a characteristic spacing. They have the orthorhombic structure and it has been shown (e.g., Sarikaya [2]) that the c direction is perpendicular to the protein plane. In the absence of inhibiting proteins, this is the rapid growth direction. Addadi and Weiner [46] and Addadi

CRICKE T STADIU M

M A P U NG U B W E I NT E R P R E TAT I O N C E NTR E

I NITI A L I NS P I R ATI O N STEMS FR O M TH E C O NS TR U CTIO N O F TER MITE MO UN D S. THE Y A R E C ON STR UCTED BY TER MITES U S I NG THE I R SA L I VA TO B I N D TH E SO I L TO G E THE R .

B R O WN SEAWEED, H I GH I N A LGI N ATES

R A P ESEED, H I GH I N P L A NT O I L S

TH E P R O C ESS A L LO WS A M ATER I A L TO B E C R EATED WH I C H C A N B E FO R MED I NTO B OTH C ATA L A N TI L ES A N D C A N B E 3D P R I NTED TO FO R M TH E FO UN DATI O N K I L N S.

M ATE R I A L AN D FABRI CAT I O N SYS TE M

I NTERLOCKI NG B R IC K S YS TE M

CATAL AN VAU LTIN G

K I L N P L A P R I NT T E STI NG S TR U CTU R A LLY THE K I L N I S TO O LO NG A ND THE C L AY C O U L D NOT S U P P O RT ITS E L F I N THE P R I NTI NG P R O C E S S . D U E TO U S I N G P L A P R I NTI NG THE S O F T WA R E C A LC U L ATE S TO A D D ST R U CTU R A L S U P P O RT T H AT C A N THE N B E R E M OV E D A F TE R WA R D S .

K I L N SL S P R I NT TESTI N G TH E R EFI N ED SH A P E O F TH E K I L N A L LO WS FO R STR UCTUR A L LOA D S FR O M TH E R O O F STR C UTUR E TO B E C A R R I ED D O WN TH E LEG A N D I NTO TH E GR O UN D. TH E B UL B US R EA R O F TH E K I L N WI L L B E B UR I ED I N TH E EA RTH A N D TH E PA SSI V E P R ESSUR E O F TH E EA RTH WI L L P R EV ENT L ATER A L MOV EMENT.

G U I D E ARCH E S

PE RM AN E NT GU IDE A R C H A ND SU P P O RT B E A M

S4 CT E8 E7

INTE RLO CKIN G BRICK CO MPO N E NTS TO F O RM AN ARCH

GRYMSDYKE FARM CL AY RO BOTI C PRINTIN G TE STIN G

ED GE P I EC E

FI R E D O O R

ED GE P I EC E

SP I N E

KILN

C ATA L A N VAULT

KILN DOOR

K I L N A N D R O O F STR UCTUR A L MO D EL TH E 3D P R I NTED K I L N FO UN DATI O N SYSTEM WI L L B E FI R ED USI N G A TR A D ITI O N A L WO O D -STAC K K I LN TH AT SUR R O UN D S IT. O N C E TH I S I S FI R ED IT C A N B E USED TO FI R E TH E TI L ES FO R TH E C ATA L A N VAULT.

K I L N C H A MB ER

FI R E P IT

P R INTI N G A S FABRI CATI ON

C O N S TR U CTI ON SECTI ON S E CTI O N

3 D P R I NTE D H OU SES

WAS P 3 D PRINTE R: LO W T E C H

D I S TR I B U T I O N NE T W O R K

D E S I G N L A N G UAG E

G A H I N I P R I M ARY SCH OOL , GA HINI, R WA NDA

Cl assro o m Se t u p Wi t h i n Rw an d an , as w i t h m o st o f A f ri c a, c l assro o m d e si g n i s si m p l e an d c h e ap . H o w eve r, i t t h e re f o re d o e s n o t al w ay s sat i sf y t h e n e e d s o f t h e p u p i l s. In Gah i n i t h e sc h o o l u t i l i se t h e st an d ard c o l u m n an d ro w se at i n g l ayo u t . It i s ve r y ri g i d an d al l o w s f o r ve r y l i t t l e f l e x i b i l i t y.

RWAN DAN CL AS S RO O M L AYO U T U S IN G TH E S TAN DARD CO LU MN AN D RO W S E TU P

ADMIN

C L A SSR O O M B UI L D I N G STR UCTUR A L FO R M-FI N D I N G EX ER C I SE USI N G

Rw an d an ve rn ac u l ar sc h o o l d e si g n , P ri m ar y Sc h o o l , Gah i n i , Rw an d a

CLASSROOMS

+ safe t y + si m p l e c o n st ru c t i o n + so c i al i n t e rac t i o n

O U TD O O R L E A R N I N G

ADMIN

PL AY

- p ri so n - l i ke st ru c t u re - l i m i t e d f re e p l ay sp ac e - n o c o m m u n i t y f ac e - t i n ro o f s, ove rh e at w h e n su n n y an d are n o i sy w h e n i t rai n s - sm al l w i n d o w s m ake ro o m s d ark w i t h i n su f f i c i e n t l i g h t at t h e w o rki n g p l an e

CLASSROOMS

O P EN I N G SI ZE

CLU S TE RS + I MPROVE D CI R C UL ATION + E N ABLE S TH E T EAC H ER TO B ET TER MO N ITO R S TU DENTS W OR K + CH I LDRE N RE QUIR IN G MOR E H ELP CAN BE LO CATED C LOSER TO T H E F RO NT + DI S TRI BU TE SK ILL A B ILIT Y TH RO U G H O U T T H E C L A SS + E MPH AS I S O N T H E TEAC H ER CO MBO L AYO U T + E XTRE ME LY F LEX IB LE + PROVI DE S TO IN DIV IDUA LS N EEDS

ENTR A N C E LO C ATI O N S + C L A SSR O O M OV ER H A N G 02

SC R EEN I N G A N D EN C L 0SUR E

FLEXIBLE SPACE

B R E AKO U T S PACE S OF T S E ATI N G

B A

ACT IV E ZON E ENTR A N C E + W OR K

OV ER H A N G A N D O FFSET

I NTER N A L A R R A N GEMENT O F C L A SSR O O M STR UCTUR ES WITH A T WO C L A SS C O N FI GUR ATI O N . I NTER LO C K I N G SH A R ED TEAC H ER S D ESK D I V I D ES TH E SPAC E I N H A L F.

P O C K ETS O F SPAC E A R E C A RV ED I NTO TH E EA RTH B A N K I N G TO C R EATE WO R K I N G ZO N ES. A L L SPAC ES A R E N ATUR A L LY L IT TO H I GH L EV EL S D UE TO TH E

S ITE P L A N

E NTR A NC E

CI RCU L ATI ON ROU TE

S E CTI O N A L ST U DY S E CTI O N BB

C O N S TR U CTI ON

E6 E7

S1 07

D2 04

EA RTH PA SSI V E P R ESSUR E

1.5M 02 E1

E D G E PI ECE

K ILN DOO R

E D G E PI ECE

F IR E DOO R

E D G E PI ECE

S P INE P IE CE

E D G E PI ECE

K ILN

E D G E PI ECE

C ATA L A N TILIN G 4X 15MM DE PTH TILE S 3X 5MM EARTH MO RTAR

E D G E PI ECE

SECTI O N

FI R E C H A MB ER

ED GE GUI D I N G ARCH

KILN DOOR

SP I N E, 4X 15MM C ATA L A N TI L ES

KILN

C ATA L A N TI L I N G

C H I MN EY

R A MMED EA RTH