Elementary Level 2 Supporting Documents Sixth Week
Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns Los pronombres y adjetivos posesivos indican la posesión de objetos por parte de personas animales o cosas. Se ha incluido en una misma lección los adjetivos y los pronombres ya que se comportan de forma similar a la hora de indicar pertenencia. Su conjugación es igual que cualquier verbo, teniendo tres personas tanto para el singular como el plural; en este caso, también disponen, para la 3ª persona del singular, de partículas específicas según el género.
Los adjetivos posesivos
En la siguiente tabla se muestra la conjugación de los adjetivos posesivos, además de su traducción al castellano:
Conjugación 1ª per. singular 2ª per. singular 3ª per. singular
Inglés my
Español mío/a - míos/as
your
tuyo/a - tuyos/as
1ª per. plural
his her its our
2ª per. plural
your
3ª per. plural
their
suyo/a - suyos/as suyo/a - suyos/as (para objetos) nuestro/a nuestros/as vuestro/a vuestros/as suyo/a - suyos/as (de ellos/as)
Cómo de costumbre, para los adjetivos posesivos tenemos formas específicas en la 3ª persona del singular para el masculino, el femenino y animales u objetos. También las formas de la 2ª persona del singular como del plural son idénticas.
Vamos a hacer incapie en la 3ª persona del singular. En este caso utilizamos his oher según la persona que posea el objeto sea masculina o femenina; y no porque el objeto sea masculino o femenino. Veamos un par de ejemplos: It´s his bike. -> Es su bicicleta. (hablamos de un chico) It´s her bike. -> Es su bicicleta. (hablamos de una chica)
Los pronombres posesivos Los pronombres posesivos sustituyen a los sustantivos, los cuales indicamos la persona, animal o cosa que los poseen. Al sustituirlos, aunque no los nombresmos se sobreentiende de que objeto estamos hablando. Por ejemplo, si alguien nos dice: que coche más bonito, y nosotros respondiésemos: es mío; se sobreentiendo que estamos refiríendonos al coche, aunque nosotros no lo nombremos explícitamente. La tabla siguiente muestra estos pronombres posesivos: Conjugación 1ª per. singular 2ª per. singular 3ª per. singular 1ª per. plural
Inglés mine
Español mío/a - míos/as
yours
tuyo/a - tuyos/as
his hers ours
2ª per. plural
yours
3ª per. plural
theirs
suyo/a - suyos/as suyo/a - suyos/as nuestro/a nuestros/as vuestro/a vuestros/as suyo/a - suyos/as (de ellos/as)
En general se le añade una s al adjetivo para formar el pronombre. En la 1ª persona del singular no existe regla alguna; en cambio, en la 3ª del singular para el masculino coincide con el adjetivo. Manolo is my brother. -> Manolo es mi hermano. Roberto is mine. -> Roberto es el mío. En la segunda frase, el interlocutor no ha necesitado repetir hermano, ya que en la conversación se sobreentiende por la conversación.
Futuro Inmediato
Comparatives and Superlatives En inglés cuando comparamos dos cosas usamos los adjetivos y sus tres grados: positivo, comparativo y superlativo. Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos.
Grados de los Adjetivos Los adjetivos tienen tres grados de comparación. Grado positivo, positivo grado comparativo, comparativo grado superlativo: superlativo
Comparativo
Superlativo
tall
taller
the tallest
alto
más alto
el más alto
big
bigger
the biggest
grande
más grande
el más grande
intelligent
more intelligent
the most intelligent
inteligente
más inteligente
el más inteligente
expensive
more expensive
the most expensive
caro
más caro
el más caro
John is tall, but Bill is taller than John. John es alto pero Bill es más alto que John. Jack is very tall. He is the tallest man in the team. Jack es muy alto. El es el hombre más alto del equipo.
Adjetivos Monosílabos - Formación del Comparativo y Superlativo
Monosílabos
Comparativo
Superlativo
adj + er
adj + est
small
smaller
the smallest
pequeño
más pequeño
el más pequeño
tall
taller
the tallest
alto
más alto
el más alto
young
younger
the youngest
joven
más joven
el más joven
old
older
the oldest
viejo
mรกs viejo
el mรกs viejo
new
newer
the newest
nuevo
mรกs nuevo
el mรกs nuevo
long
longer
the longest
largo
mรกs largo
el mรกs largo
short
shorter
the shortest
corto
mรกs corto
el mรกs corto
big
bigger
the biggest
grande
mรกs grande
el mรกs grande
fat
fatter
the fattest
gordo
mรกs gordo
el mรกs gordo
Adjetivos Bisรญlabos - Formaciรณn del Comparativo y Superlativo Bisรญlabos terminados en: -y, -er er, er -le, le -ow, ow (y otros muy conocidos)
Bisรญlabos
Comparativo
Superlativo
adj + er
adj + iest
easy
easier
the easiest
fรกcil
mรกs fรกcil
el mรกs fรกcil
happy
happier
the happiest
feliz
mรกs feliz
el mรกs feliz
crazy
crazier
the craziest
loco
mรกs loco
el mรกs loco
clever
cleverer
the cleverest
inteligente
mรกs inteligente
el mรกs inteligente
tender
tenderer
the tenderest
tierno
mรกs tierno
el mรกs tierno
humble
humbler
the humblest
humilde
mรกs humilde
mรกs humilde
gentle
gentler
the gentlest
suave
mรกs suave
el mรกs suave
narrow
narrower
the narrowest
angosto
mรกs angosto
el mรกs angosto
polite
politer
the politest
amable
mรกs amable
el mรกs amable
Adjetivos Largos - Formación del Comparativo y Superlativo Adjetivos
Comparativo
Superlativo
Largos
more + adj
the most + adj
expensive
more expensive
the most expensive
caro
más caro
el más caro
modern
more modern
the most modern
moderno
más moderno
el más moderno
beautiful
more beautiful
the most beautiful
hermoso
más hermoso
el más hermoso
elegant
more elegant
the most elegant
elegante
más elegante
el más elegante
interesting
more interesting
the most interesting
interesante
más interesante
el más interesante
dangerous
more dangerous
the most dangerous
peligroso
más peligroso
el más peligroso
Formación irregular de comparativos y superlativos Adjetivo o Adverbio
Comparativo
Superlativo
good
better
the best
bueno
mejor
el mejor
well
better
the best
bien
mejor
de la mejor forma
bad
worse
the worst
malo
peor
el peor
badly
worse
the worst
mal
peor
de la peor forma
much
more
the most
mucho
más
la mayor parte
many
more
the most
muchos
más
la mayoría
little
less
the least
poco
menos
el menos
far
farther
the farthest
lejos
más lejos
el más lejano
far
further
the furthest
lejos
más lejos
el más lejano
Useful Vocabulary
waiter(s)
waitress(es)
chef(s)
menu(s)
glass(es)
bottle(s)
candle(s)
bill(s)
credit card(s)
taxi(s)
tip(s)
Places to Eat Out Cafe Snack Bar Fast Food Restaurant Pub Bistro Restaurant Hotel Restaurant Parts of a Menu Starters/Appetizers/Entrees/Hors D'oeuvres Soups Main Courses (Meat/Fish/Vegetarian) Desserts Beverages (Coffee etc.) Wine/Drinks List (sometimes on a separate menu)
Naturally Speaking Booking a Table
•
•
I'd like to reserve / book a
•
I'd like the .............., please.
table for four at 8pm, please.
•
For starters I'll have the soup
waiting for over half an hour
Could I have chips instead of
for our drinks.
•
I'd like to book a table for two
new potatoes, please? •
Could we have a table by the
•
Could we have a nonCould we have a table away
•
•
•
•
Could you make sure it's a
I'm sorry but I ordered the side salad not the
today?
vegetables.
Is there anything you would Could I see the wine menu, I'll have a bottle of the South I'll have a glass of house red/white, please.
•
Excuse me, we've been
What is the house special
African Cabernet Sauvignon.
Could we have a booth, please?
•
•
Which wine would you recommend?
Excuse me this steak is over done, I ordered rare.
•
please?
from the kitchen/toilets, please?
•
recommend?
smoking table, please?
•
cold.
like the roast beef.
window, please?
•
Excuse me, but my meal is
table for a party of six at
please.
•
•
and for the main course I'd
at 8 in the name of Hand,
•
Complaining
I'd like to reserve / book a 8pm, please.
•
Placing Your Order
I'm afraid this wine tastes corked.
•
Excuse me this wine isn't chilled properly.
quiet table, please?
Arriving at the Restaurant
•
Good evening, the name is
During/After the Meal
•
Hand. I have a table booked
•
Could I have the bill, please?
bread, please?
•
Do you take Visa?
•
We'd like separate bills,
Do you have a pepper mill?
Do you have the menu in
•
Could I have some dressing,
•
Do you have a high chair for young children, please?
•
•
•
please? •
Could we have some more
for six. English/German/French ...,
Could we have a table over
•
Paying
please.
please?
•
Is service included?
Could you pass me the salt,
•
No, please. This is on me.
please?
(When you wish to pay for
That was delicious. My
everyone.)
compliments to the chef.
there, please? •
I'm sorry but I asked for a table by the window.
•
Could we have an extra chair, please?
Dialogue Mr and Mrs Smith are out celebrating their wedding anniversary. It's 8pm. Mr Smith (Jack) and Mrs Smith (Jill) are celebrating their 10th wedding anniversary. They have just arrived at the restaurant. Mr Smith:
Well here we are. What do you think?
Mrs Smith:
It's lovely Jack. Are you sure we can afford it?
Mr Smith:
Well I may have to do some washing up, but you're worth it. The waiter arrives.
Waiter:
Good evening sir, madame.
Mr Smith:
Good evening. We have a reservation for a table for two in the name of Smith.
Waiter:
Yes sir. May I take your coats? Waiter takes their coats and hangs them up.
Mr & Mrs Smith:
Thank you.
Waiter:
Your welcome. Would you like to come to the table or would you prefer to order in the bar?
Mr Smith:
I wouldn't mind an aperitif. We'll order in the bar.
Waiter:
Please follow me, I'll bring you the menu in a moment.
Mr & Mrs Smith order their drinks at the bar and sit down to look at the menu. Mrs Smith:
Oh dear Jack, it's all in French!
Mr Smith: Well that's what we're paying for. Don't worry I've got an idea. Waiter:
Are you ready to order sir?
Mr Smith: Not really. Could you recommend something. Waiter:
Certainly sir. The fresh lobster is particularly good this evening, and for starters may I recommend a light consomme?
Mr Smith: Sounds lovely, what do you think dear? Mrs Smith: Waiter:
Oh yes, I love lobster. So, that's two consomme and two lobsters. Would you like to look at the wine menu?
Mr Smith: Why don't you bring us what you think will go best. Nothing too expensive though. Waiter:
No problem sir. I'll call you as soon as your table is ready. The waiter walks away.
Mrs Smith:
You are clever Jack, but what about dessert.
Mr Smith: Don't worry, they bring round a sweet trolley, so we just point at what we fancy!
A while later Mr & Mrs Smith have finished eating and are drinking their coffee. Waiter: Mr & Mrs Smith Mr Smith:
Was everything to your satisfaction? Yes, lovely thank you. The whole meal was delicious, our compliments to the chef. Unfortunately we have to be back for the baby-sitter so could we pay now?
Waiter:
Certainly sir, I'll bring you the bill. Would you like me to order you a taxi.
Mr Smith:
Yes that would be great, thank you.
Mrs Smith:
What a nice man, we must leave him a good tip.
Mr Smith:
Yes of course.
At the restaurant 1) The waiter
What can I do for you? Can I help you? Can I take your coat? Have you booked a table? How many are you? Would you follow me, please? Can I take your order, sir/madam? What would you like to start with? What would you like to drink? What would you like for dessert? How would you like your steak? (rare, medium, well done) Do you want a salad with it? What kind of dressing? Anything to drink? Do you want a dessert? The burgers are very good. Sorry, the hamburgers are off. Is everything all right? Did you enjoy your meal? Are you paying together? May I show you to a table? If you wait, there'll be a table for you free in a minute. Do you want vegetables with it? Why don't you try the pizza? It'll take about 20 minutes.
2) The guest
A table for two, please. May we sit at this table? The menu, please. What's on the menu? Do you want fish? What's Irish Stew like? We're not ready yet. The steak for me, please. Can you bring me the ketchup, please? A salad, please. I'll have the same. That's all, thank you. Can I have the bill (AE: check), please? This is on me. Here you are. The rest is for you. Have you got wine by the glass? I'd prefer red wine. Please bring us another beer. Could I have chips (AE: French Fries) instead of salad? What can you recommend? Please bring me the bill (AE: check) with my coffee. I think you've made a mistake.
References: http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/words/restaurant.htm http://www.aprende-gratis.com/ingles/curso.php?lec=adjetivos-posesivos