Leeuwarden 2018

9

LEEUWARDEN 2018 european catalyst for biodiversity

Politecnico di Milano Academic year 2014/15 School of Architecture Architectural Design Studio 2 prof. Marc A. Visser prof. Elisa C. Cattaneo prof. Fabio D. Colaci

Students: Aleksandre Andghuladze Caterina Cotardo Gaia D’Alpaos Serena Dambrosio Sarah Kolter

FROM ESSEN TO LEEUWARDEN

ESSEN/LEEUWARDEN_Working with similarities

-Reactivation of a regional network

-Potentialities of the region become potentialities for the city

ESSEN/LEEUWARDEN_Working with differences

ESSEN/ Existing spaces in search of events in order to be reactivated.

COMMUNITY AND DIVERSITY Language Lab Strangers on Stage Lost in the Greenhouse

CITY AND COUNTRYSIDE Feel the Night Farm of the World Eleven Fountains Sailing on the Grass + Green Carpet Under the Tower Potatoes go Wild Giant Steps Dada in Dr88888888

Museum of Love The Never Ending Orchestra Migrating Ceramics Sports for Europe Klezmer & Co

NATURE AND CULTURE Sense of Place Embassy for Water Spring Fever Floating Future Energy Now! The Sea! The Sea! To the End of the World Romantic Painters from the North

LEEUWARDEN/ Strong ephemeral background (organization and program of events) in search of physical terrritorial structure.

EPHEMERAL BACKGROUND

culture means EUROPE

Sense of Place

A voyage around exciting works of land art and land architecture, curated by the pioneers behind Terschelling’s annual Oerol festival.

Sense of Place encourages visitors to spend days seeing the remarkable environment of Waddenland from a new and surprising perspective – sometimes quite literally.

“Through this, being ECoC, means an impulse for the local and regional (cultural) infrastructure, for the economy (for example in the shape developing as the European water hub), for tourism, for the manu- facturing industry and for education.

Lwd2018 creates the conditions for a scale shift for Leeuwarden and Fryslân on their way to 2028 and further.”

from Application document for ECoC 2018

culture means EUROPE

making Leeuwarden competitive and attractive in the network of european cities

making Leeuwarden the head of a bigger system (ferry path from the city center to other european biodiversity parks)

culture means WATER

Embassy for Water Water is the leading sustainability issue of our time – and o he future. Lwd2018 is using two unique initiatives: the international artists-in-residence programme and the large scale public art work to highlight the concept. is is particularly tting for a region where the water management plan started in the tenth century.

40 52

“Water relates to the ecological structure that needs protection. Water is also about movement, dynamism and the natural flow of how Frisians connect. It reflects an environment which is constantly in motion. With Water we have in mind not only the omnipresence of this natural element in the life of our community and our city, but also the constant flow to connect and to transform our culture as well as the culture of other European countries.�

from Application document for ECoC 2018

culture means WATER

water as the element that activates the landscape

water as subject of scientific research and development

water as infrastructure

culture means BIODIVERSITY

Spring Fever

Spring fever or silent spring, that’s the question. Lwd2018 draws attention to the problem of biodiversity loss across Europe, notably where the urgency is high: in the Netherlands and Malta.

The interactive travelling festival King of the Meadows traces bird migration through five European countries while artists-in-residence programme Silence of the Bees sees artists and scientists around the world collaborate to spotlight the plight of the endangered honey bee.

“But since man started to influence the water and created the land by connecting the terps with dykes, Frisians experienced that ecological transition does not work when not supported by cultural development.(...) It is a perfect living laboratory to experiment with ecological citizenship, biodiversity and culture.An ECoC can help us to become one of the leading laboratories in Europe for a bio-based society.

We open the channels to our European network, import creativity and knowledge and export bio-based concepts.”

from Application document for ECoC 2018

culture means BIODIVERSITY

the landscape becomes a catalyst for raising awareness about issues such nature and environment

the devices create an open-air laboratory for the development of ecological citizenship

PHYSICAL BACKGROUND

RELATION BETWEEN WATER AND LAND CHANGES DUE TO ARTIFICIAL INTERVENTION IN TIME

before 1200

after 1500

after 1932

after 1700

CHANGES DUE TO NATURAL ELEMENTS

3m variation line of the high tidal range 2m

1m

NAP 0m above sea level January

February

March

April

May

J

June

variation line of the low tidal range

July

August

September

October

November

December

MAIN ELEMENTS AND FEATURES OF THE TER

AGRICULTURAL FIELDS main cultivation: -flowers: tulips, hyacinth, narcissus (60% global export) -tomatoes (23% global export) -peppers (17% global export) -forage cultures

GLAZING LANDS production of: -cow’s milk (10.995 million tons) -pigs and cattle export

RURAL AREA AND MARSH most present species: -heather -tamarisks -marsh clover -dutch cane -juniper -fucus

SEA most present species: -herring -codfish -mullet -sea bass -clams

URBAN FABRIC

DUNE, BEACH AND SAND

INTERTIDAL AREA

SALT MARSH

BIRDS MIGRATION FLOWS

RRITORY

STRATEGY

STRATEGY 1. EUROPEAN LEVEL_ creating a system

0

100

200

400KM

STRATEGY 2. REGIONAL LEVEL_ designing a new landscape

0

5 10

25KM

STRATEGY 3. LOCAL LEVEL_head of the system

0 2

5

10KM

EUROPEAN LEVEL Spring fever Lwd2018 planned event drawing attention to the problem of biodiversity loss across Europe

Leeuwarden

Lauwersoog Workumerwaard

Basses Vallees Angevines MaraĂŻs Poitevin Moeze Oleron

Lisbon Setubal Reserva do Estuario do Sado

0

100

200

400KM

EUROPEAN LEVEL System of natural parks and reserves 1

Leeuwarden

2 3 4 5 6 7

8

9 10

11

12

16 15 14

13

17 18

19

0 20

100

200

400KM

EUROPEAN LEVEL System of natural parks and reserves 1 Bremerhaven Nationalpark SchleswigHolsteinisches Wattenmeer

11 Rochefort Réserve Naturelle de Moëze-Oléron

2 Dordrecht Nationaal Park De Biesbosch

12 Arès Réserve Naturelle des Prés Salés d'Arès et de Lège

3 Anversa Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe

13 Laredo Parque Natural Marismas de Santoña, Victoria y Joyel

4 Calais Réserve Naturelle Nationale du Platier d'Oye

14 San Vicente de la Barquera Rías Occidentales y Duna de Oyambre

5 Étaples Réserve Naturelle de la Baie de la Canche

15 Ortigueira Ría de Ortigueira e Ladrido

6 Abbeville Réserve Naturelle de la Baie de Somme

16 A Coruna LIC Esteiro do Tambre

7 Le Havre Réserve Naturelle de l'Estuaire de la Seine

17 Santiago de Compostela Complexo Húmido de Corrubedo

8 Le Conquet Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise

18 A Lanzada Complexo Intermareal Umia-Grove

9 Vannes Réserve Naturelle des Marais de Séné

19 Lisbon Reserva Natural do Estuário do Tejo

10 La Rochelle Réserve Naturelle de la Baie de l'Aiguillon

20 Setubal Reserva Natural do Estuário do Sado

LOCAL LEVEL d c

e

Leeuwarden

b

f

g

h

a

0

0,5

1KM

4KM

Bikeways

a

Fries Museum

e

Stenden University of Applied Sciences

Main roads

b

Keramiekmuseum Princessehof

f

Natuurmuseum Fryslân 'Kanselarij' (Chancellery) Centre of Expertise Water Technology

Railway

c

Pier Pander Museum

g

Canals

d

Stadhouderlijk Hof'Hotel

h

Waterways

REGIONAL LEVEL

SECTION VIEW

DEVICES

THE HOLE

DIGGED POND CAVITIES

plan

section

from ten to forty meters in diameter and from one to five meters in depth; some below ground level and some above it

diverse habitats are created and the natural process of plant adaptation and community evolution is initiated

due to rainfall and shallow underground water some turn into water ponds, some into wetlands and some stay as dry cavities

paths around the cavities and wood platforms within some of them to allow visitors to experience the landscape

wood platform

path

plans

THE GRID NEW BIO-SYSTEM

supports on subaqueous ground transformation of the ground with the accretion of the mud: mudflats are situated at the threshold between water and land tidal dynamics, silt and sedimentation of the mudlfats enable reefs to build up and accumulate on the new supports, hosting the colonization of bivalve species the establishment of bivalve reefs enable the habitations of a larger bio-system bivalve reef habitats support also over three hundred species of commercial value

Fishes Salmon Salmone Flounder Platessa Trout Trota Cod Merluzzo Sardines Sardina Eel Anguilla Shad Alosa Perch Molluscs Oyster Ostrica Mussel Cozza Clam Vongola Abalone Abalone Cockle Cardio Winkle Littorina

Pesce persico Bass Spigola Blue fish Pesce azzurro Carp Carpa Anchovy Acciuga Croaker Croaker Hogchok-

er Hogchoker Menhaden Menhaden

Plans Reed Canna Willow Salice arbustivo Sea lavender Lavanda di mare

Birds Heron Airone

Crustacea Shrimp Gamberetto Prawn Scampo Crab Granchio

water level

section

estabilishment of mudflats

reefs

SUPPORTSÂ ON SUBAQUEOUS GROUND

type 1

plans

tridimensional views

type 2

type 1

type 2

THE RING

AQUACULTURE

farming of aquatic organisms

Fishes Salmon

Rainbow trout Trota arcobaleno

Bass

Salmone

Eel

Bream Orata

Cod

Anguilla

Sea trout

White bream Orata bianca

Perch

Trota di mare

Brown trout

Carp Carpa

Flounder

Trota marrone

Brook trout

Crucian carp

Sardines

Trota di torrente

Carassio

Spigola Merluzzo Pesce persico Platessa Sardina

inshore aquaculture is practiced in coastal mesh pens that are relatively easy to anchor and maintain automated feeders can minimize food waste by turning off when infrared sensors on the seafloor detect falling pellets seaweed and mussels that feed on fish waste can, if raised immediately “downstream�, reduce pullution and add revenue

plan

section

THE RING Molluscs Oyster Ostrica

Mussel Cozza

Clam

Vongola

oysters/mussels are fastened on ropes that hang vertically in the water from a fixed structure

section

THE POINT

network of observatories for birdwatching each one including a tide control station measuring sea level

TIDE CONTROL STATION water level measured bY engineered air acoustic and pressure systems electronic data acquisition system: data are stored in computer memory chips data are sent to headquarters for processing: they automatically receive the satellite transmissions

plan

data collection platforms

antenna tide house

acoustic sensor

ambient mean water level

pier

waves

piling

instantaneous water level inside well protective well calibration/ sounding tube

pressure sensor

section

THE LINE LAND ART artworks in which the work of art and the landscape are inextricably linked and the latter is the mean of their creation

DEVICES IN THE LANDSCAPE

BEFORE

water level

existing

existing dry land

urbanization

agriculture

water

floodplain

AFTER

water level

existing

existing dry land

birds

urbanization

agriculture

observatory/ tide control station

reefs

land art

holes

aquaculture

THE HUB

WATERWAYS FROM THE HUB TO THE REGION

Dokkum

Harlingen Leeuwarden hub

canals ferry path

THE HUB IN THE WATER SYSTEM

Leeuwarden hub canals

THE HUB IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM

Leeuwarden hub main roads bikeways railway railway station

THE HUB IN THE BUILT FABRIC Leeuwarden hub new development area built fabric Keramiekmuseum Princessehof Fries Museum

Pier Pander Museum Stenden University of Applied Sciences Natuurmuseum Fryslân Kanselarij (Chancellery) Centre of Expertise Water Technology

CITY MAP

MASTERPLAN

HOSTEL

boat trips to the region and to European coasts

land art

observatories for birdwatching

turists accomodation 50 beds + common services (toilet, kitchen, common room)

hostel

CONFERENCE HALL

land art

art exhibition

common space for art exhibitions, meeting and conference 500 seats

OFFICE/LABORATORY/ WORKSPACE

reefs

holes

tide control stations

biodiversiy research center

tidal research center

tidal research center, Office for device management activities, work- spaces.

350mq

COFEE RESTAURANT

boat trips to the region and to European coasts

land art

observatories for birdwatching

panoramic view to appreciate the city

restaurant

GROUND FLOOR SPACE

aquaculture

fish market

market info point bike rent boat trips departure point plaza for events and meetings

AXONOMETRIC VIEW

Boxes

Main distribution ramp

Secondary vertical connections

Light steel structure

SECTION

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

SCALE_1:500

TIME LINE SUPPORTING ACTIVITY

TIDAL STATION

THE GRID

THE LINE

THE HOLE

THE RING

THE HUB

2016

Installation of the probes

Placement of the structure

Start excavations

Process of aquatic re-vegetation

Process of wetland re-vegetation

Installation of the systems

Creating a phisical structure

2017

Beginning of the production cycle

Recording of data

Wetland faunal repopulation

Aquatic faunal repopulation

Construction of the building

Activation of device management activities

Activating devices Beginning of re-naturalization process

TIDAL STATION

THE GRID

THE LINE

THE HOLE

THE RING

THE HUB Beginning of re-naturalization process

EUROPEAN CITY OF CULTURE

2018

Costal monitoring network

Itinerant event through the landscape

Sustainable food planning network+ “Sense of Place” 2018 Landart project following ferry path

“King of the Meadows” Itinerant biodiversity festival

POST IMPACT

“King of the Meadows” Itinerant biodiversity festival

Itinerant event through the landscape

Tourist accommodation

Information and developing ECOC 2018 event program Promotional selling activities

Departure of boat trips connecting Wadden Sea with Europe

Creating awarness on ecological theme Promotional activities New landscape experiencing

2020 (short term impact)

Creation of a new

TIDAL STATION POST IMPACT

2020 (short term impact)

THE GRID

Migration processof bird species depending on wetland Constant monitoration of costal area

2030 (long term impact)

THE LINE

Observatory of migratory phenomena

THE HOLE

THE RING

Developing harbour function

Migration of bird species depending on wetland New fish and bivalve market

Itinerant performing land art event Increasing of aquatic flora and fauna

Increasing of wetland flora and fauna

Creation of new ecological communities

Creation of new ecological communities

THE HUB

Developing of a weekly fish market Device management activities

Soustainable food production

Itinerant performing land art event Research about aquatic flora and fauna species

Possible extension of the harbour

Device management activities Research about wetland flora and fauna species

Increasing existing ecosystem

Tourist accommodation

Tourist accommodation

Research about tidal changes and costal future

Creation of a new economy

Research about sustainable Food Planning

Research on wetland ecosystem

Preservation of biodiversity New tourist system

Creating a research network