9
LEEUWARDEN 2018 european catalyst for biodiversity
Politecnico di Milano Academic year 2014/15 School of Architecture Architectural Design Studio 2 prof. Marc A. Visser prof. Elisa C. Cattaneo prof. Fabio D. Colaci
Students: Aleksandre Andghuladze Caterina Cotardo Gaia D’Alpaos Serena Dambrosio Sarah Kolter
FROM ESSEN TO LEEUWARDEN
ESSEN/LEEUWARDEN_Working with similarities
-Reactivation of a regional network
-Potentialities of the region become potentialities for the city
ESSEN/LEEUWARDEN_Working with differences
ESSEN/ Existing spaces in search of events in order to be reactivated.
COMMUNITY AND DIVERSITY Language Lab Strangers on Stage Lost in the Greenhouse
CITY AND COUNTRYSIDE Feel the Night Farm of the World Eleven Fountains Sailing on the Grass + Green Carpet Under the Tower Potatoes go Wild Giant Steps Dada in Dr88888888
Museum of Love The Never Ending Orchestra Migrating Ceramics Sports for Europe Klezmer & Co
NATURE AND CULTURE Sense of Place Embassy for Water Spring Fever Floating Future Energy Now! The Sea! The Sea! To the End of the World Romantic Painters from the North
LEEUWARDEN/ Strong ephemeral background (organization and program of events) in search of physical terrritorial structure.
EPHEMERAL BACKGROUND
culture means EUROPE
Sense of Place
A voyage around exciting works of land art and land architecture, curated by the pioneers behind Terschelling’s annual Oerol festival. Sense of Place encourages visitors to spend days seeing the remarkable environment of Waddenland from a new and surprising perspective – sometimes quite literally.
“Through this, being ECoC, means an impulse for the local and regional (cultural) infrastructure, for the economy (for example in the shape developing as the European water hub), for tourism, for the manu- facturing industry and for education. Lwd2018 creates the conditions for a scale shift for Leeuwarden and Fryslân on their way to 2028 and further.”
from Application document for ECoC 2018
culture means EUROPE
making Leeuwarden competitive and attractive in the network of european cities
making Leeuwarden the head of a bigger system (ferry path from the city center to other european biodiversity parks)
culture means WATER
Embassy for Water Water is the leading sustainability issue of our time – and o he future. Lwd2018 is using two unique initiatives: the international artists-in-residence programme and the large scale public art work to highlight the concept. is is particularly tting for a region where the water management plan started in the tenth century.
40 52
“Water relates to the ecological structure that needs protection. Water is also about movement, dynamism and the natural flow of how Frisians connect. It reflects an environment which is constantly in motion. With Water we have in mind not only the omnipresence of this natural element in the life of our community and our city, but also the constant flow to connect and to transform our culture as well as the culture of other European countries.�
from Application document for ECoC 2018
culture means WATER
water as the element that activates the landscape
water as subject of scientific research and development
water as infrastructure
culture means BIODIVERSITY
Spring Fever
Spring fever or silent spring, that’s the question. Lwd2018 draws attention to the problem of biodiversity loss across Europe, notably where the urgency is high: in the Netherlands and Malta. The interactive travelling festival King of the Meadows traces bird migration through five European countries while artists-in-residence programme Silence of the Bees sees artists and scientists around the world collaborate to spotlight the plight of the endangered honey bee.
“But since man started to influence the water and created the land by connecting the terps with dykes, Frisians experienced that ecological transition does not work when not supported by cultural development.(...) It is a perfect living laboratory to experiment with ecological citizenship, biodiversity and culture.An ECoC can help us to become one of the leading laboratories in Europe for a bio-based society. We open the channels to our European network, import creativity and knowledge and export bio-based concepts.”
from Application document for ECoC 2018
culture means BIODIVERSITY
the landscape becomes a catalyst for raising awareness about issues such nature and environment
the devices create an open-air laboratory for the development of ecological citizenship
PHYSICAL BACKGROUND
RELATION BETWEEN WATER AND LAND CHANGES DUE TO ARTIFICIAL INTERVENTION IN TIME
before 1200
after 1500
after 1932
after 1700
CHANGES DUE TO NATURAL ELEMENTS
3m variation line of the high tidal range 2m
1m
NAP 0m above sea level January
February
March
April
May
J
June
variation line of the low tidal range
July
August
September
October
November
December
MAIN ELEMENTS AND FEATURES OF THE TER
AGRICULTURAL FIELDS main cultivation: -flowers: tulips, hyacinth, narcissus (60% global export) -tomatoes (23% global export) -peppers (17% global export) -forage cultures
GLAZING LANDS production of: -cow’s milk (10.995 million tons) -pigs and cattle export
RURAL AREA AND MARSH most present species: -heather -tamarisks -marsh clover -dutch cane -juniper -fucus
SEA most present species: -herring -codfish -mullet -sea bass -clams
URBAN FABRIC
DUNE, BEACH AND SAND
INTERTIDAL AREA
SALT MARSH
BIRDS MIGRATION FLOWS
RRITORY
STRATEGY
STRATEGY 1. EUROPEAN LEVEL_ creating a system
0
100
200
400KM
STRATEGY 2. REGIONAL LEVEL_ designing a new landscape
0
5 10
25KM
STRATEGY 3. LOCAL LEVEL_head of the system
0 2
5
10KM
EUROPEAN LEVEL Spring fever Lwd2018 planned event drawing attention to the problem of biodiversity loss across Europe
Leeuwarden
Lauwersoog Workumerwaard
Basses Vallees Angevines MaraĂŻs Poitevin Moeze Oleron
Lisbon Setubal Reserva do Estuario do Sado
0
100
200
400KM
EUROPEAN LEVEL System of natural parks and reserves 1
Leeuwarden
2 3 4 5 6 7
8
9 10
11
12
16 15 14
13
17 18
19
0 20
100
200
400KM
EUROPEAN LEVEL System of natural parks and reserves 1 Bremerhaven Nationalpark SchleswigHolsteinisches Wattenmeer
11 Rochefort Réserve Naturelle de Moëze-Oléron
2 Dordrecht Nationaal Park De Biesbosch
12 Arès Réserve Naturelle des Prés Salés d'Arès et de Lège
3 Anversa Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe
13 Laredo Parque Natural Marismas de Santoña, Victoria y Joyel
4 Calais Réserve Naturelle Nationale du Platier d'Oye
14 San Vicente de la Barquera Rías Occidentales y Duna de Oyambre
5 Étaples Réserve Naturelle de la Baie de la Canche
15 Ortigueira Ría de Ortigueira e Ladrido
6 Abbeville Réserve Naturelle de la Baie de Somme
16 A Coruna LIC Esteiro do Tambre
7 Le Havre Réserve Naturelle de l'Estuaire de la Seine
17 Santiago de Compostela Complexo Húmido de Corrubedo
8 Le Conquet Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise
18 A Lanzada Complexo Intermareal Umia-Grove
9 Vannes Réserve Naturelle des Marais de Séné
19 Lisbon Reserva Natural do Estuário do Tejo
10 La Rochelle Réserve Naturelle de la Baie de l'Aiguillon
20 Setubal Reserva Natural do Estuário do Sado
LOCAL LEVEL d c
e
Leeuwarden
b
f
g
h
a
0
0,5
1KM
4KM
Bikeways
a
Fries Museum
e
Stenden University of Applied Sciences
Main roads
b
Keramiekmuseum Princessehof
f
Natuurmuseum Fryslân 'Kanselarij' (Chancellery) Centre of Expertise Water Technology
Railway
c
Pier Pander Museum
g
Canals
d
Stadhouderlijk Hof'Hotel
h
Waterways
REGIONAL LEVEL
SECTION VIEW
DEVICES
THE HOLE
DIGGED POND CAVITIES
plan
section
from ten to forty meters in diameter and from one to five meters in depth; some below ground level and some above it
diverse habitats are created and the natural process of plant adaptation and community evolution is initiated
due to rainfall and shallow underground water some turn into water ponds, some into wetlands and some stay as dry cavities
paths around the cavities and wood platforms within some of them to allow visitors to experience the landscape
wood platform
path
plans
THE GRID NEW BIO-SYSTEM
supports on subaqueous ground transformation of the ground with the accretion of the mud: mudflats are situated at the threshold between water and land tidal dynamics, silt and sedimentation of the mudlfats enable reefs to build up and accumulate on the new supports, hosting the colonization of bivalve species the establishment of bivalve reefs enable the habitations of a larger bio-system bivalve reef habitats support also over three hundred species of commercial value
Fishes Salmon Salmone Flounder Platessa Trout Trota Cod Merluzzo Sardines Sardina Eel Anguilla Shad Alosa Perch Molluscs Oyster Ostrica Mussel Cozza Clam Vongola Abalone Abalone Cockle Cardio Winkle Littorina
Pesce persico Bass Spigola Blue fish Pesce azzurro Carp Carpa Anchovy Acciuga Croaker Croaker Hogchok-
er Hogchoker Menhaden Menhaden
Plans Reed Canna Willow Salice arbustivo Sea lavender Lavanda di mare
Birds Heron Airone
Crustacea Shrimp Gamberetto Prawn Scampo Crab Granchio
water level
section
estabilishment of mudflats
reefs
SUPPORTSÂ ON SUBAQUEOUS GROUND
type 1
plans
tridimensional views
type 2
type 1
type 2
THE RING
AQUACULTURE
farming of aquatic organisms
Fishes Salmon
Rainbow trout Trota arcobaleno
Bass
Salmone
Eel
Bream Orata
Cod
Anguilla
Sea trout
White bream Orata bianca
Perch
Trota di mare
Brown trout
Carp Carpa
Flounder
Trota marrone
Brook trout
Crucian carp
Sardines
Trota di torrente
Carassio
Spigola Merluzzo Pesce persico Platessa Sardina
inshore aquaculture is practiced in coastal mesh pens that are relatively easy to anchor and maintain automated feeders can minimize food waste by turning off when infrared sensors on the seafloor detect falling pellets seaweed and mussels that feed on fish waste can, if raised immediately “downstream�, reduce pullution and add revenue
plan
section
THE RING Molluscs Oyster Ostrica
Mussel Cozza
Clam
Vongola
oysters/mussels are fastened on ropes that hang vertically in the water from a fixed structure
section
THE POINT
network of observatories for birdwatching each one including a tide control station measuring sea level
TIDE CONTROL STATION water level measured bY engineered air acoustic and pressure systems electronic data acquisition system: data are stored in computer memory chips data are sent to headquarters for processing: they automatically receive the satellite transmissions
plan
data collection platforms
antenna tide house
acoustic sensor
ambient mean water level
pier
waves
piling
instantaneous water level inside well protective well calibration/ sounding tube
pressure sensor
section
THE LINE LAND ART artworks in which the work of art and the landscape are inextricably linked and the latter is the mean of their creation
DEVICES IN THE LANDSCAPE
BEFORE
water level
existing
existing dry land
urbanization
agriculture
water
floodplain
AFTER
water level
existing
existing dry land
birds
urbanization
agriculture
observatory/ tide control station
reefs
land art
holes
aquaculture
THE HUB
WATERWAYS FROM THE HUB TO THE REGION
Dokkum
Harlingen Leeuwarden hub
canals ferry path
THE HUB IN THE WATER SYSTEM
Leeuwarden hub canals
THE HUB IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM
Leeuwarden hub main roads bikeways railway railway station
THE HUB IN THE BUILT FABRIC Leeuwarden hub new development area built fabric Keramiekmuseum Princessehof Fries Museum
Pier Pander Museum Stenden University of Applied Sciences Natuurmuseum Fryslân Kanselarij (Chancellery) Centre of Expertise Water Technology
CITY MAP
MASTERPLAN
HOSTEL
boat trips to the region and to European coasts
land art
observatories for birdwatching
turists accomodation 50 beds + common services (toilet, kitchen, common room)
hostel
CONFERENCE HALL
land art
art exhibition
common space for art exhibitions, meeting and conference 500 seats
OFFICE/LABORATORY/ WORKSPACE
reefs
holes
tide control stations
biodiversiy research center
tidal research center
tidal research center, Office for device management activities, work- spaces. 350mq
COFEE RESTAURANT
boat trips to the region and to European coasts
land art
observatories for birdwatching
panoramic view to appreciate the city
restaurant
GROUND FLOOR SPACE
aquaculture
fish market
market info point bike rent boat trips departure point plaza for events and meetings
AXONOMETRIC VIEW
Boxes
Main distribution ramp
Secondary vertical connections
Light steel structure
SECTION
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SCALE_1:500
TIME LINE SUPPORTING ACTIVITY
TIDAL STATION
THE GRID
THE LINE
THE HOLE
THE RING
THE HUB
2016
Installation of the probes
Placement of the structure
Start excavations
Process of aquatic re-vegetation
Process of wetland re-vegetation
Installation of the systems
Creating a phisical structure
2017
Beginning of the production cycle
Recording of data
Wetland faunal repopulation
Aquatic faunal repopulation
Construction of the building
Activation of device management activities
Activating devices Beginning of re-naturalization process
TIDAL STATION
THE GRID
THE LINE
THE HOLE
THE RING
THE HUB Beginning of re-naturalization process
EUROPEAN CITY OF CULTURE
2018
Costal monitoring network
Itinerant event through the landscape
Sustainable food planning network+ “Sense of Place” 2018 Landart project following ferry path
“King of the Meadows” Itinerant biodiversity festival
POST IMPACT
“King of the Meadows” Itinerant biodiversity festival
Itinerant event through the landscape
Tourist accommodation
Information and developing ECOC 2018 event program Promotional selling activities
Departure of boat trips connecting Wadden Sea with Europe
Creating awarness on ecological theme Promotional activities New landscape experiencing
2020 (short term impact)
Creation of a new
TIDAL STATION POST IMPACT
2020 (short term impact)
THE GRID
Migration processof bird species depending on wetland Constant monitoration of costal area
2030 (long term impact)
THE LINE
Observatory of migratory phenomena
THE HOLE
THE RING
Developing harbour function
Migration of bird species depending on wetland New fish and bivalve market
Itinerant performing land art event Increasing of aquatic flora and fauna
Increasing of wetland flora and fauna
Creation of new ecological communities
Creation of new ecological communities
THE HUB
Developing of a weekly fish market Device management activities
Soustainable food production
Itinerant performing land art event Research about aquatic flora and fauna species
Possible extension of the harbour
Device management activities Research about wetland flora and fauna species
Increasing existing ecosystem
Tourist accommodation
Tourist accommodation
Research about tidal changes and costal future
Creation of a new economy
Research about sustainable Food Planning
Research on wetland ecosystem
Preservation of biodiversity New tourist system
Creating a research network