1.2 – Review of Literature
What is Tourism and how is ecotourism defined?
Defined by the Merriam-Webster, tourism is the practice of traveling for recreation. Ecotourism, according to the International Ecotourism Society, ecotourism is “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education”. The education should involve both staff and guests, this will be the focus of the hotel.
Principles of Ecotourism based on The International Ecotourism Society
Ecotourism aims to bring together sustainable travel, communities, and environmental protection. This means that the following ecotourism principles should be followed by individuals who implement, engage in, and market ecotourism activities or work on the design of tourism focused facilities:
Minimize physical, social, behavioral, and psychological impacts.
Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect.
Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts. Provide direct financial benefits for conservation.
Generate financial benefits for both local people and private industry.
Deliver memorable interpretative experiences to visitors that help raise sensitivity to host countries’ political, environmental, and social climates.
Design, construct and operate low-impact facilities.
Recognize the rights and spiritual beliefs of the Indigenous People in your community and work in partnership with them to create empowerment.
What Attracts Tourist to an Area, and What Are People Looking for in a Hotel?
A large portion of tourism worldwide is inspired by wildlife and the natural world, and protected areas with greater species richness typically draw more visitors and produce greater economic advantages. Tourist hotspots also frequently appear where more human-built infrastructure exists, such as lodgings, highways, hotels, and airports. To enable countries to rely on tourism for their economic growth, investments in both biodiversity protection and infrastructure are required.
In the case of Costa Rica, there are many cases that study the attraction of visitors to the country. Especially now that a great amount of the country’s economic income comes from its local and international tourism. Costa Rica is a country very rich in it fauna and flora, due to its nice tropical climate. The country takes great care of its natural resources, having many natural protected areas with the purpose of keeping its wildlife safe from any harm.
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A study made by Alejandra Echeverri, Jefferey R. Smith, et. al, explains the main factors that attract tourists to Costa Rica, creating both local and international tourism. The study concludes that accessibility to the areas and their infrastructure is the main driver of tourism, followed by distance to roads, confirming that visitor numbers are higher in areas near roadways. Being near to protected areas increases tourism, making distance to protected areas the third most important factor. Another factor that attracts tourists is proximity to water, most tourists prefer being within a few kilometers of water source.
The researchers state that “while the role of infrastructure, such as hotels and roads, is larger in driving tourism compared to the role of biodiversity, tourism is highest in places where both biodiversity and infrastructure are present, particularly in mountainous areas”. And that about 70% of Costa Rica’s international visitors look for ecotourism, adventure, and being close to the beach as their main reasons to visit the country.
Tourism Life Cycle Concept and the Importance of Sustainable Design and Sustainable Tourism in the Protection of Wildlife
Tourism that follows the principles of sustainable development is known as sustainable tourism. Tourism must contribute positively to the natural and cultural environment, help the host communities, not jeopardize the future of residents' means of subsistence, and work to foresee and avoid economic, environmental, social, and cultural deterioration to be considered sustainable. Sustainable tourism is a way to stop the tourism life cycle concept, creating a responsible way of touring places and caring for the environment.
The Tourism Life Cycle is a concept that consists of six stages, exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, and decline Each of these stages create a chain of change that touristic areas go through starting from the moment a few tourists start to visit the area, the deterioration of environment due to constant visits, the tourist numbers peaking and the inevitable environmental and social problems that come with the destination falling out of fashion.
This is why sustainable design and sustainable tourism are crucial in today’s world, where there are countries’ that greatly depend on the income, they receive from tourism to stay afloat. There is no amount of income worth risking the environment for. There are various concepts that must be considered to slow down or stop the tourism life cycle, one of them being the carrying capacity of the area. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), describes carrying capacity as: “The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors’ satisfaction.”
Environmentally Sensitive Design for the Protection of Wildlife
A hotel's dedication to environmental conservation may be shown to all guests through sensitive design, which can raise locals' and tourists' knowledge of the importance of wildlife
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and its protection. The detail and planning of the design will vary according to the type of project that is being completed. Both the National Park Service of the USA (1993) and the Tourism Council of Australia (1998) created outstanding guidelines on environmental design in parks and tourism.
Tourism Council of Australia and National Park Service USA’s Guidelines for environmentally and culturally sensitive facilities
Aspect Guidelines
Environmental impact assessments
Landscaping and site design
Built facilities
Resource conservation and consumption
Consider whether a statutory or informal environmental assessment is required, including ecological, social, cultural and economic evaluation.
Develop a mitigation plan, where required
Develop a context plan – examining the entire surrounding area and community, including valued views and resources. Develop a management plan for the site, including the relationship with the surrounding/ adjacent protected area, addressing zoning and access.
Develop a site plan, focusing on detailed design. This should minimize site disturbance, physical intrusion, and intervention. Tree management considers tree retention, relocation, or replacement.
Plant vegetation to supply a more natural environment that provides habitat for birds, mammals, and other wildlife.
Use indigenous species for landscaping. Consider cultural aspects of site.
Ensure linkages are considered (for land use, human circulation, nearby trails, other facilities, outpost camps, etc.)
Height and mass should be in scale with existing vegetation and topography.
Design guidelines should recognize the history of place, cultural characteristics and indigenous or vernacular design features, colors, etc.
Facilities should be constructed for energy efficiency, using renewable energy wherever.
possible
Design and operate services so as to minimize use and production of water, energy, waste, sewage, effluent, noise, light and any other emissions.
Encourage the use of renewable sources of energy.
Consider a permaculture approach (which mimics the interconnectedness and diversity of flora and fauna in natural
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Materials
New and low impact technologies
Services
Quality control
Green practices
systems) to turn waste into resources and problems into opportunities
Materials should be indigenous, appropriate to the area, and involve low maintenance.
Materials used in construction should be “sourced” to ensure that they come from sustainable production systems or should be recycled where appropriate.
Ensure that all materials brought onto the site for construction are used – apply a “no waste” condition to contractors.
Use new technologies in construction and operations where appropriate, practical, cost effective, and where there are no perverse effects elsewhere (e.g. “smart” room controls and sensors, low heat transfer glazing assemblies, free cooling/heating, energy from solar/ wind/micro-hydro, power controls for energy savings, re-use of produced heat, etc.).
Use new technologies, which are more effective in stand-alone equipment and vehicles, as well as in facilities.
Develop and implement service standards to meet the needs of all stakeholders – visitors, agencies, private sector, staff.
If guidelines and conditions of operation of the protected area agency are clear, reporting or decisions should be simple and clear.
Baseline information should be maintained (ideally from preconstruction) so as to assess what, if any, impacts may occur as a result of construction and operations. These may be very simple observations, or quite complex.
Set conditions of operation and timelines such that the developer/concessionaire can afford to invest in quality and visitor satisfaction, as well as obtain a reasonable return on the investment.
Initiate regular meetings with managers and facility operators to help resolve problems or issues.
Develop green purchase policies.
Use biodegradable cleaning products.
Use alternatives to watering, such as mulching, alternate mowing and composting.
Develop an integrated pest management plan.
Use bulk or re-usable storage containers.
Keep all systems and equipment well maintained, since all systems degrade in efficiency over time.
Encourage staff vehicle pooling for staff transport to site.
Ensure marketing materials are environmentally sensitive, and use electronic communications
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Programming
Reward staff for creativity and monitoring.
Involve visitors in developing ongoing improvements.
Manage human use – a human use strategy (see above) assists this.
Consider partnerships with others (e.g. other public agencies) to assist in programming.
Develop high staff to client ratios.
Build monitoring into programmed activities
Relationship with the local community
Consult with the local community before development or significant changes in activities.
Donate surplus or left over goods to local charities or causes (e.g. soaps, bed linens, amenities, foods).
Maximize employment opportunities with the local community.
Buy goods and services locally, and encourage “green” products and services, where none are available.
Assist local organizations, provide discounted services, or donate a percentage of fees or profits to a worthy local cause.
Encourage visitors to spend more time locally.
Offer work experience or training options locally.
Impact of Tourism in Wildlife Conservation
Tourism keeps growing and its tendency to follow the “tourism life cycle” is often difficult to control, this shows how wildlife tourism will also increase. This will increase the current stress the animal populations and habitats go through today and form new pressures and stress. This is why the tourism sector, countries’ governments and people in general should be conscious and study the positive and negative effects that tourism and may have on wildlife and its development.
Tourism focused on the watching and enjoyment of wildlife may cause three main negative effects: changes in the animals’ behavior, animals’ psychology, and damage to their habitats. These effects take place mostly during the early stages of developments of the animals, and during older animals’ breeding periods. The disruption of mating between the animals or later when the offspring are being taken care for by the adult animals may end up reducing the breeding success, affecting the animals and their population’s survival. The mother-offspring relationship attracts many tourists in wildlife watching tourism, this is why it is important to have a controlled and limited number of tourists around the animals in the stages mentioned before.
Wildlife Tourism can also cause harm to places and ecosystems where species might be found. As important as caring for the animals is, taking care of their living space and ecosystem is crucial for the animal’s wellbeing. Tourist’s constant visitation to these areas greatly impacts
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wildlife, damage to these areas reduces the amount of healthy habitat left for the species. Some ways to stop or reduce these negative impacts is to work around lowering/modifying the amount of visitation allowed in natural areas.
Sightseeing and watching animals from a close distance is what tourists usually look for when they participate in wildlife tourism. However, this might scare animals, especially at vulnerable phases of their life cycles, and could have a negative impact on breeding. Feeding wild animals is another thing that tourists enjoy, not knowing the negative repercussions this may have on the animals and how this may change their behavioral patterns.
Hotels and resorts are something that goes hand in hand with tourism, the development of these spaces may bring positive impacts to the people who live there and their communities, bringing greater income and visitors to the area. However, it affects the area and its wildlife. Some of the environmental impacts of tourism are:
Usage of land resources for the construction of infrastructure, such as roads, airports, and seaports, and for lodging and tourism facilities
Ecosystem and habitat damage or destruction, including clearing forests, draining wetlands, and escalated or unsustainable land use.
Unsustainable use of plants and animals for food (such as collecting plants or purchasing souvenirs made from wildlife, particularly from critically endangered species like coral and turtle shells, or through unauthorized hunting, shooting, and fishing).
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1.3 – Precedent Research
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Origin’s Lodge will be used as a case study for the hotel/resort part of this project. It’s unique sustainable and green design inspires its visitors to care for the surrounding nature in the area. Its open spaces welcome in natural light and the flora and fauna that surround the space. This is something that will be included in this project, looking to bring nature into the guest’s space and area in a soft and eloquent way. Origin’s Lodge has a sustainable design, something that goes hand by hand with the protection of wildlife, which is one of the main things that this project and design are created for.
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Oakland Zoo Veterinary Hospital will be used as a case study for the Animal Sanctuary part of the hotel. This project will include an animal sanctuary as a way to bring in guests, students and volunteers and teach them about the protection of Costa Rica’s wildlife and offer a unique hotel experience. The Oakland Zoo Hospital includes various crucial spaces and areas for the animal’s development as well as their mental and physical health. All of these while still having an area for external visitors, which are going to be hotel guests in the case of this project. This case study will help find the balance between animal protection and safety, while the guests have the opportunity to learn and enjoy the surrounding animals and nature.
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Achioté Villas is a case study that will be used for the hotel part of this project. Merely focusing on it’s open design, these homes have views and connections with nature all around the construction, giving its users a unique space to connect with nature. This case study includes sustainable houses built from reused material in the area. This helps not only the people in the towns, but also Costa Rica’s flora and fauna. Sustainable design and green certification such as LEED are great ways to start a project while still looking for the protection of the surrounding plants and animals.
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1.4 – Design Problem
Tourism has become the main economic income for many countries such as Costa Rica, that have extended natural and protected areas that attract tourists from all around the world. The effects that tourism has on the Earth’s natural resources is an issue that is not talked about enough. Infrastructure such as hotels and resorts play a big role in the effects that tourism has on the environment, but this can be fought using sustainable or green design. This type of design must go hand in hand with the practice of ecotourism, creating an educational space where visitors can stay and relax while learning about the importance of being a responsible tourist and taking care of all natural resources. By focusing the design on educating the hotel guests, the impact that tourism will have on natural resources will decrease, improving the quality of life of the species and their surrounding environment. This is why Costa Rica is the perfect site for this project’s development, bringing its reliance on tourism and the natural resource’s protection to the test By introducing a hotel that teaches its guests the impact that tourism is having on wildlife, giving them an environmentally friendly space to learn about the deep effects that irresponsible tourism may have on the environment the negative impact that tourism has will lower.
1.5 – Project Type
The design of this project aims to educate the user and guests, in the importance of sustainable design and responsible tourism, and the negative effects the lack of both may have on nature and wildlife The project will focus not only on what hotel users look for in a normal vacation, but also take into a count the wellbeing of the animals found in the area, and in the hotel’s sanctuary.
1.5.1 – Client Profile
Client is anyone looking to have a unique experience as a tourist in Costa Rica, wanting not only to relax during their vacation, but also learn and gain new experiences working closely with animals in a safe and sustainable way.
1.5.2 – User Profile
The finished project will be utilized by hotel guests, staff, employees, sanctuary volunteers, veterinarians, and animals. Whether it is for entertainment, safety, health, relaxation, work, or to gain new experiences all the users’ needs and expectations will be fulfilled,
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2.1 – Overarching Concepts
Programmatic Concept
Education
Accessibility
Comfort
Safety
Privacy
Entertainment
Wellbeing
How Concept will be Integrated
The hotel’s focus is the education of its guests on the importance of responsible tourism.
Learning areas that talk about the surrounding areas, natural resources and wildlife will be located around the hotel.
The sanctuary will offer an interaction / learning space for the guests to learn about the animals there and their healing and protection process.
Must be ADA accessible.
There will be accommodation in all public areas and private rooms.
ADA accessible areas will also be included in the design of the animal sanctuary that will be adjacent to the hotel.
Offer high quality furniture and materials to give the most comfort inside and outside the villas.
The guests will sense comfort from the hotel design, connecting them with the environment and nature that will surround the area.
Durable materials will be used for the design of the hotel and animal sanctuary, to protect the guests and animals
Separate areas for aggressive, contaminated, or highrisk animals will be provided, to not put other animals at risk.
The villas will be located far enough from each other to offer the hotel guests privacy while also having an open design.
Give the animals the space and privacy needed to develop and get better.
Restaurants, pools, gyms, and other recreational facilities will be included in the hotel design.
Entertainment will also be available in the sanctuary area, giving guests the chance to interact will the animals.
Enhance the care and wellbeing of the animals that come to the sanctuary
Present professional facilities needed for the animals physical and emotional health
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2.2 – Project Goals and Objectives
Goal 1: Educate the user on the risks that irresponsible tourism brings to nature’s wellbeing.
Design a space that implements “learning areas” along the hotel, the include information about the wildlife, and the environments that are outside the hotel.
Give a dual experience with the connection to the animal sanctuary. Giving hotel guests the opportunity to observe and participate in the care of the animals, and leaning how to keep them safe once they are released back into the wild.
Goal 2: Create a balance between the outside tropical space and the hotel installations and construction.
Create a space that connects the interior spaces of the villas and hotel with nature next door.
Using a big number of windows and open areas included in the rooms, villas, and interior spaces gives the user an outside feel, while still being inside the hotel infrastructure.
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2.3 – Codes and Building Occupancy
Building Code Analysis
Project Type: Hotel
Location / Jurisdiction: Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica
Applicable Building Codes:
- International Building Code (IBC)
- NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
- American’s with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Square Footage N/A
Allowable
Minimum Number
Interior Lighting Power Allowances: Building Area Method (p.368)
1
1 service sink
LPD (1.0 w/f2) (Lighting Power Density)
Interior Finish Classification Limitations (p.421) A or B
Building Code Analysis
Project Type: Animal Sanctuary
Location / Jurisdiction: Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica
Applicable Building Codes:
- International Building Code (IBC)
- NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
- American’s with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Square Footage
N/A
Construction Type Type I
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Type Type 1 Occupancy Type R-1, R-A Maximum Floor Area Allowances Per Occupant Occupant Load Factor (p.96) 200 gross
Building Height in Feet Above Grade Plane (p.127) Unlimited
Construction
Allowable
Number of Stories Above Grade Plane (p.128) 11
Area Factor in Square Feet (p.129) Unlimited Minimum Corridor Width (p.155) 60” Minimum No. of Exists or Access to Exit Per Story (p.174) 3 Spaces with One Exit or Exit Access Doorway (p.175) Not permitted Exit Access Travel Distance (p.191) 200 ft without sprinkler
ft with sprinkler
Allowable
250
Required Plumbing
toilet per sleeping unit
sleeping unit
of
Fixtures (p.291-293) 1
1 lavatory per
bath/shower
sleeping unit
per
Spaces
Interior Lighting Power Allowances: Building Area Method (p.368)
Interior Finish Classification Limitations (p.421)
LPD (1.0 w/f2) (Lighting Power Density)
A or B, I or II
30 Occupancy Type B Maximum Floor Area Allowances Per Occupant Occupant Load Factor (p.96) 100 gross Allowable Building Height in Feet Above Grade Plane (p.127) Unlimited Allowable Number of Stories Above Grade Plane (p.128) 11 Allowable Area Factor in Square Feet (p.129) Unlimited Minimum Corridor Width (p.155) 44” Minimum No. of Exists or Access to Exit Per Story (p.174) 2
with One Exit or Exit Access Doorway (p.175) Not permitted Exit Access Travel Distance (p.191) 200 ft without sprinkler 300 ft with sprinkler
Number of Required Plumbing Fixtures (p.291-293) 1 toilet per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50 1 lavatory per 40 for the first 80 and 1 per 80 of the remainder exceeding 80 1 drinking fountain per 100 1 service sink
Minimum
2.4 – Equipment
Lounge Chairs
Coffee Table
Register
Receptionist Desk
Restaurant Tables
Chairs
Booth Seating
Register
Kitchen Fridge
Kona Sectional – Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: 46”x30”
(quantity: 4)
Kona Lounge – Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: L: 32”, W: 50”, H: 29” SH: 17.5”
Brasilia – Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: W: 47.2”, D: 47.2”, H:11”
Square Register, with customer display.
Dimension: 10 in x 12.5 in & 6.85 in x 6 85 in
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Winston Dining Table – Rove Concepts
Dimensions: W: 47”, D: 47”, H: 30”
Aubrey Armchair – Rove Concepts
Dimensions: W: 22”, D: 18.1, H: 30.5”
Channel Back Melamine Booths with Black Vinyl Back and Seat
Dimensions: H: 46”, L: 47”, W: 24”
Square Register, with customer display.
Dimension: 10 in x 12.5 in & 6.85 in x 6.85 in
Coldline C-2RR-TM 54" Solid
Door Commercial Top Mount
Reach-In Refrigerator
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Space Equipment Needed Notes / Descriptions Hotel Lobby / Reception Sofa
Stove
Microwave
Oven
Dishwasher
Cabinets
Kitchen Island
Management Desks
Office Chairs
Dimensions: L: 54”, D: 32.2”, H: 80.7”
Vulcan SX60F-6B24GN SX
Series 6-Burner, Manual
Griddle with Two Standard Ovens
Dimensions: W: 60”, D: 32”, H: 58”
Amana AMSO22 Stainless Steel Menu Master Heavy
Duty Commercial Steamer
Microwave Oven
Dimensions: H: 18-5/8”, W: 25-5/8”, D: 23-1/2”
Vulcan SX60F-6B24GN SX
Series 6-Burner, Manual
Griddle with Two Standard Ovens
Dimensions: W: 60”, D: 32”, H: 58”
Hobart CUH-1 Centerline
High Temp Sanitizing
Stainless Steel Undercounter
Dishwasher 208 to 240 Volts
1 Phase
Dimensions: H: 32-5/16” W: 22-11/16, D: 24”
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Steelton 18 Gauge 430
Stainless Steel Worktable with Undershelf
Dimensions: 30" x 72"
Columbia L-Shape Desk with Hutch – Costco
Dimensions Desk: 71.12"L x 71.12"W x 28.3"H
Open Tup Hutch
Dimensions:
70.98"L x 12.68"W x 39.37"H
FourCast®2 Wheeler –Hightower Furniture
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Pool Area
Computers
Flat Screen TV
Umbrella
Lounge Chairs
Spa Facilities Massage Table
Massage Chair
Gym
Storage Cabinets
Register
Dimensions: W: 25.6”, D:
25.6”, H: 31.1”-37.6”
Apple iMac with Retina 5K
Display - Intel Core i7 3.8GHz
Dimensions: 27” Display
Samsung 65" Class 7 Series
LED 4K UHD Smart Tizen TV
Dimensions: 65” Display
Global Industrial™ Cantilever
Umbrella w/ Crank, Tilt & Cross Brace, Olefin Fabric, 10'W, Tan
Dimensions: H: 96”, D: 118”, W: 118”
Leite Outdoor Acacia Chaise
Lounge Set – All Modern
Dimensions: H: 7”, W: 29.5”, L: 79”
Elegance Spa Massage Facial
Bed & Table
Dimensions: L: 88”, W: 29”, H: 23”-31”
Pro Hydraulic Facial Spa Bed/Chair/Table
Dimensions: L: 76”, W: 32.5”, H: 22.5”-29”
Amber Mini Facial Bar with Facial Pod
Dimensions: n/a
Square Register, with customer display.
Dimension: 10 in x 12.5 in & 6.85 in x 6 85 in Front Desk
Treadmills
Ellipticals
Free Weights
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Sole Fitness F63 Treadmills
Dimensions: H: 66”, L: 82”, W: 35”
Sole Fitness E25 Ellipticals
Dimensions: H: 71”, L: 70”, W: 24”
COMBO ANA Fitness Set –Jack Game Room
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Bicycles
Villas Beds
Closet
Nightstand
Sofa
Lounge Chairs
Flatscreen TV
Coffee Table
Mini Fridge
Bar Bar Stools
Storage
Dimensions: W: 59”, H: 21”, D: 24”
Weight: 242.5 lbs
Sole Fitness SB900 Bike
Dimensions: H: 42”, L: 40”, W: 21”
MALM Bed frame, high, black, brown/Luröy, King –IKEA
Dimensions: L: 83 1/8”, W 82 ¼”, H: 39 3/8”
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
TOLKNING Nightstand, handmade – IKEA
Dimensions: 20 7/8” x 27 1/5”
Kona Sectional – Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: 46”x30”
Kona Lounge – Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: L: 32”, W: 50”, H: 29” SH: 17.5”
Samsung 65" Class 7 Series
LED 4K UHD Smart Tizen TV
Dimensions: 65” Display
Log Table -Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: W: 20”, D: 15.75”, H: 19”
Avallon 140 Can Energy
Efficient Beverage Center, Double Pane Glass, Touch Control
Dimensions: W: 24”, H: 35”
Hari Counter Stool & Barstool – Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: W: 16”, D: 18.25”, H: 36.75”, SH: 26.25”
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
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Mini Fridge
Ice Machine
Register
High Tables
Highchairs
Retail / Shop Shelves
Display Cabinets
Register
Avallon 140 Can Energy
Efficient Beverage Center, Double Pane Glass, Touch Control
Dimensions: W: 24”, H: 35”
Scotsman 370 Lbs Capacity, 22" Ice Bin - Stainless Steel
Dimensions: W: 24”
Square Register, with customer display.
Dimension: 10 in x 12.5 in & 6.85 in x 6 85 in
Kona Bar & Counter Tables –Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: H: 42”, D: 36.5”
Hari Counter Stool & Barstool – Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: W: 16”, D:
18.25”, H: 36.75”, SH: 26.25”
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
W Iron Geometric Bookcase
– Wayfair
Dimensions:
Overall:
70'' H X 39.4'' W X 11.8'' D
Shelf:
23.6'' W X 11.8'' D X 12.8'' H
Square Register, with customer display.
Dimension: 10 in x 12.5 in & 6.85 in x 6.85 in Mirrors
Storage Shelves
Cabinets
Animal Sanctuary
Martinsen Rectangle Metal
Mirror
Dimensions:
65'' H X 22'' W X 1.6'' D
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
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Reception Area
Sofa
Lounge Chairs
Coffee Table
Register
Receptionist Desk
Administrative Office Desks
Office Chairs
Computers
Flat Screen TV
Storage Shelves
Cabinets
Surgery Anesthesia Machine
Surgical Table and accessories
Kona Sectional – Hightower
Furniture
Dimensions: 46”x30”
(quantity: 4)
Kona Lounge – Hightower
Furniture
Dimensions: L: 32”, W: 50”, H: 29” SH: 17.5”
Porto Tables – Hightower
Furniture
Square Register, with customer display.
Dimension: 10 in x 12.5 in & 6.85 in x 6.85 in
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Columbia L-Shape Desk with Hutch – Costco
Dimensions Desk: 71.12"L x 71.12"W x 28.3"H
Open Tup Hutch Dimensions: 70.98"L x 12.68"W x 39.37"H
FourCast®2 Wheeler –Hightower Furniture
Dimensions: W: 25.6”, D: 25.6”, H: 31.1”-37.6”
Apple iMac with Retina 5K
Display - Intel Core i7 3.8GHz
Dimensions: 27” Display
Samsung 65" Class 7 Series
LED 4K UHD Smart Tizen TV
Dimensions: 65” Display
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Midmark VMS® Plus
Anesthesia Machine
Dimensions: H: 57”, W: 12”
Suburban Surgical 58 Inch V-
Style Operating Table With
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Ultrasound Machines
Endoscopy Tower
Computer
Instrument cart / table
Biohazard waste cans
Stools
Medical cabinetry
Clinic
Computer
Medical Cabinetry
Veterinary Table
Heated Top And Hydraulic Base
Dimensions: 58” top
Philips CX50 Ultrasound Machine
Dimensions: L: 14”, W: 16.25”, H: 3"
FEATHERWEIGHT®
Endoscopy Carts
Dimensions: n/a
Apple iMac with Retina 5K
Display - Intel Core i7 3.8GHz
Dimensions: 27” Display
Stainless Veterinary Equipment Table
Dimensions: 30”D x 60”W x 36”H
Biohazard Waste Can - 6 Gallon
Dimensions: 14” x 17” x 16"
6 gallons
Boss Medical Stool - Vinyl –Black
Dimensions: W: 24”, H: 21”27”, D: 16”
4-Door Wall Unit & 2-Door/6-
Drawer Base Unit Cabinet
Suite w/ Lockable Doors
Dimensions: 60" W x 24" D
x 84" H
Apple iMac with Retina 5K
Display - Intel Core i7 3.8GHz
Dimensions: 27” Display
4-Door Wall Unit & 2-Door/6-
Drawer Base Unit Cabinet
Suite w/ Lockable Doors
Dimensions: 60" W x 24" D
x 84" H
Suburban Surgical 58 Inch VStyle Operating Table With Heated Top And Hydraulic Base
Dimensions: 58” top
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Stool
Food Preparation
Table
Food Storage Bins
Medicine Cabinetry
Sink
Staff Hygiene Area
Sink
Product and Supply storage
Shower
Hazardous material bin
Research Laboratory Microscope
Freezer
Boss Medical Stool - Vinyl –
Black
Dimensions: W: 24”, H: 21”27”, D: 16”
Advance Tabco SR-96 16
Gauge Sorting Table 304
Stainless Steel
Dimensions: H: 35 ½”, D: 30”, W: 96”
Rubbermaid® Mobile
Ingredient Bin
Dimensions: L: 29”, W: 18”, H: 29”
4-Door Wall Unit & 2-Door/6Drawer Base Unit Cabinet
Suite w/ Lockable Doors
Dimensions: 60" W x 24" D
x 84" H
Elkay Rigidbilt Double Basin
Free-Standing Stainless-Steel
Utility Sink
Dimensions: H: 12-3/4”, W: 29-3/4”, L: 77-1/4”
Elkay Rigidbilt Double Basin
Free-Standing Stainless-Steel
Utility Sink
Dimensions: H: 12-3/4”, W: 29-3/4”, L: 77-1/4”
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
Freedom Accessible Shower, Right Drain
Dimensions: 60” x 31” x 78“
Biohazard Waste Can - 6
Gallon
Dimensions: 14” x 17” x 16"
6 gallons
LW Scientific i4 Lumin – EpiFluorescence Microscope
Dimensions: H: 18”, L: 10.7”, W: 6.1”
DHW20-30 Lab Freezer
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Test Tubes
Volumetric Flasks
Computers
Storage Cabinetry
Radiology Vet Digital X-ray System
DIS portable X-ray equipment
Computer
Dimensions: W: 35.5" x D:
35" x H: 72"
Fisherbrand™ Reusable Glass
Tubes with Phenolic Screw
Caps
Dimensions: 125mm
Cole-Parmer Essentials
Volumetric Flask, Glass, with Glass Stopper
Dimensions: 12 13/64”
Apple iMac with Retina 5K
Display - Intel Core i7 3.8GHz
Dimensions: 27” Display
Custom design
Dimensions: n/a
CLEARRAY 1500 - Veterinary
X-Ray System
Dimensions: n/a
SR-130 Portable X-Ray Machine
Dimensions: n/a
Apple iMac with Retina 5K
Display - Intel Core i7 3.8GHz
Dimensions: 27” Display
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2.5 – Short Program
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Space Occupancy # of Units Unit sq. ft Overall sq. ft Hotel Lobby / Reception Area 20 1 900 sq ft 900 sq ft Restaurant 60 1 2,000 sq ft 2,000 sq ft Kitchen 8 1 400 sq ft 400 sq ft Pantry 1 2 200 sq ft 400 sq ft Management 2 4 300 sq ft 1,200 sq ft Pool 8 1 450 sq ft 450 sq ft Changing Rooms 2 6 100 sq ft 600 sq ft Spa Facilities 4 1 680 sq ft 680 sq ft Conference / Meeting Rooms 4 2 200 sq ft 400 sq ft Fitness / Gym 10 1 500 sq ft 500 sq ft Big Villas / Rooms 6 10 600 sq ft 6,000 sq ft Small Villas / Rooms 3 10 500 sq ft 5,ooo sq ft Lounge and Bar 15 1 400 sq ft 400 sq ft Restrooms 1 5 100 sq ft 500 sq ft Parking Area 80 1 5,000 sq ft 5,000 sq ft Learning Areas 2 30 -Retail / Shop 10 1 400 sq ft 400 sq ft Storage 1 1 100 sq ft 100 sq ft Sanctuary Clinic 4 3 200 sq ft 600 sq ft Research Laboratory 8 1 400 sq ft 400 sq ft Isolation Shed 1 4 150 sq ft 600 sq ft Lobby / Reception Area 16 1 700 sq ft 700 sq ft Administrative Office 4 1 200 sq ft 200 sq ft Restrooms 1 3 100 sq ft 300 sq ft Staff Hygiene Area 2 1 100 sq ft 100 sq ft Food Preparation 1 1 80 sq ft 80 sq ft Interaction Areas 2 5 150 sq ft 750 sq ft Viewing Area 2 3 150 sq ft 450 sq ft Exterior Open Areas 40 1 2,000 sq ft 2,000 sq ft Radiology 5 1 800 sq ft 800 sq ft
41 Surgery 6 1 950 sq ft 960 sq ft Quarantine Area 7 4 150 sq ft 600 sq ft Medium Animal Holding 1 15 72 sq ft 1,080 sq ft Large Animal Holding 1 15 128 sq ft 1,920 sq ft Storage 1 1 100 sq ft 100 sq ft
2.6 – Long Program
Hotel
Lobby / Reception Area
Square footage: 900 square feet
Occupancy: 20
Users: hotel guests and staff Activities
o Staff: welcome guests, describe the main purpose of the hotel and where all areas are located
o Guests: check-in into their villas, get questions answered, relax in the lounge area, get information regarding hotel activities and facilities.
Equipment:
o Sofa
o Lounge Chairs
o Coffee Table
o Register
o Receptionist Desk
Furniture / materials:
o Lounge areas must include comfortable seating for hotel guests.
o Materials must be soft and easy to clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Area must include natural light and hidden lighting fixtures.
o Acoustics need to lower the echo that is normally found in hotel lobbies
Storage
o Hidden storage for hotel room cards
Adjacencies:
o Management offices
o Pool area
o Restrooms
o Parking area
o Learning area
o Retail / shop
Notes:
o Open design where guests have a view of the surrounding nature and pool area.
o Ventilation is important especially with the weather in Cost Rica
o Beware of the glare from the natural lighting that may come from materials.
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Restaurant and Kitchen
Square footage:
o Restaurant: 2,000 square feet
o Kitchen: 400 square feet
Occupancy: 60 & 8
Users: hotel guests and staff
Activities:
o Staff: serve food and
o Guests: enjoy meals and drinks
Equipment:
o Fridge
o Stove
o Microwave
o Oven
o Dishwasher
o Register
o computer
Furniture / materials:
o Kitchen: Cabinets and kitchen isle
o Restaurant: Tables, chairs, and booths
Lighting / acoustical:
o The kitchen must be well lit, and acoustics must be controlled so the noise from the kitchen is not heard by the guests in the restaurant.
o Restaurant lighting must give the space a relaxed and calm mood, the acoustics must be controlled so not much echo is created.
Storage: storage cabinets will be needed in the pantry adjacent to the kitchen
Adjacencies:
o Restaurant and kitchen
o Pantry
o Lounge and bar
o Restrooms
o Secondary adjacency with pool area
Notes: find a way for the restaurant to have both indoor are and outdoor are close to the pool and outside bar
Management
Square footage: 300 sq ft
Occupancy: 2
Users: hotel staff and employees in management area
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Activities: guide the hotel management, hold meetings, and receive important clients
Equipment:
o Desks
o Office Chairs
o Computers
o Flat Screen TV
Furniture / materials:
o Office desks and chairs
o Lounge for waiting area.
o Materials used must be easy to clean, flooring must be a light color.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Lighting must be bright to maintain professional interiors.
o Natural light and include many windows if possible.
Storage: filing cabinets, shelves and storage compartments are needed for the office supplies
Adjacencies:
o Lobby / reception area
Notes: the meeting rooms will be located near the lobby area and will also be open for hotel guests to use.
Changing Rooms
Square footage: 100 square feet
Occupancy: 2
Users: hotel guests
Activities: changing rooms for the use of hotel facilities such as the pool, the gym, and the spa
Equipment: n/a
Furniture / materials:
o Benches inside the individual changing rooms
o Lockers
o Seating while waiting for available changing rooms.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Lighting must give a relaxed feel to prepare the guests to relax in both the pool and the spa
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Pool area
o Spa facilities
o Gym
o restrooms
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Notes: there must be easy access to the all-hotel facilities mentioned above, making it easier for the guests to leave their stuff in the lockers, without needing to go back to their villas.
Spa Facilities
Square footage: 680 square feet
Occupancy: 4
Users: hotel guests and staff
Activities: receive relaxing massages
Equipment:
o Massage Table
o Massage Chair
o Storage Cabinets
o Register
o Front Desk Furniture / materials:
o Materials used for the furniture and overall spa design must be easy to clean due to the oils and products that are used in spa facilities.
Lighting / acoustical:
o The lighting must be dim, to give the user a relaxing experience, and acoustics must be strong, so the music and relaxing melodies move all around the spa facility.
Storage: storage in seeded for the supplies used in the spa such as: towels, bathrobes, products and to store the cleaning supplies
Adjacencies:
o Changing rooms
o Secondary adjacency to pool area
Notes: nature plays a big part in relaxing; the spa must have big windows with views to all the nature surrounding the hotel, this way guests enjoy the perks of nature and relaxing without dealing with the humid and tropical climate, having air conditioning for a more pleasant experience.
Conference / Meeting Rooms
Square footage: 200 square feet
Occupancy: 4
Users: hotel employees and guests
Activities: host meetings and small conventions
Equipment:
o Meeting table
o Office Chairs
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o Computers
o Flat Screen TV
Furniture / materials:
o Easy to clean material must be used.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Lighting must be bright to maintain professional interiors.
o When it comes to acoustics privacy is needed in this space, there is no need for guests walking by to know what is being talked about inside the meeting room.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o No direct adjacencies
o Secondary adjacency with lobby and management offices
Notes: rooms must be in areas that are easily accessible for both hotel guests and employees.
Fitness / Gym
Square footage: 500 square feet
Occupancy: 10
Users: hotel guests
Activities:
o Guests: the space will contain exercise equipment, mats and wights area for guests to enjoy
Equipment:
o Treadmills
o Ellipticals
o Free Weights
o Bicycles
Furniture / materials:
o Materials and furniture used must be durable and easy to clean.
Acoustics:
o Privacy is important in this area.
Storage: storage for stretching mats and other gym accessories offered by the hotel will be needed.
Adjacencies:
o Changing rooms
o Secondary adjacencies with the restrooms and the pool area
Notes:
Big Villas / Rooms
Square footage: 600 square feet
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Occupancy: 6
Users: hotel guests
Activities: sleep, relaxation, entertainment
Equipment:
o Beds
o Closet
o Nightstand
o Sofa
o Lounge Chairs
o Flatscreen TV
o Coffee Table
o Mini Fridge Furniture / materials:
o Materials and furniture used must be durable and easy to clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o The villas should include natural light
o Acoustics: privacy is needed in the villas.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o No direct adjacencies, the villas will be private.
o Will be close to other villas and the main hotel area, but not directly connected.
Notes:
o The villa will have a centered design with windows surrounding the room, this is where the natural light will come in.
o The rooms will also include important information about the wildlife that can be seen outside of the area.
Small Villas / Rooms
Square footage: 500 square feet
Occupancy: 3
Users: hotel guests
Activities: sleep, relaxation, entertainment
Equipment:
o Beds
o Closet
o Nightstand
o Sofa
o Lounge Chairs
o Flatscreen TV
o Coffee Table
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o Mini Fridge
Furniture / materials:
o Materials and furniture used must be durable and easy to clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o The villas should include natural light.
o Acoustics: privacy is needed in the villas.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o No direct adjacencies, the villas will be private.
o Will be close to other villas and the main hotel area, but not directly connected.
Notes:
o The villa will have a centered design with windows surrounding the room, this is where the natural light will come in.
o The rooms will also include important information about the wildlife that can be seen outside of the area.
Restrooms
Square footage: 100 square feet
Occupancy: 1
Users: all hotel employees and guests
Activities: restroom usage
Equipment:
o Toilets
o Sink
o Urinals
o Mirrors
o Hand dryers
Furniture / materials:
o Materials used must be durable and easy to maintain and clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Acoustics: privacy is required in this area
Storage: storage needed for cleaning supplies
Adjacencies:
o Changing rooms
o Pool
o Lobby / Reception area
Notes: the bathrooms will be in a central area for most of the hotel facilities.
Lounge and Bar
Square footage: 400 square feet
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Occupancy: 15
Users: hotel guests and staff
Activities: enjoy drinks and food
Equipment:
o Bar Stools
o Storage
o Mini Fridge
o Ice Machine
o Register
o High Tables
o Highchairs
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be durable and easy to maintain and clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o The bar will be open to the pool area so it will greatly rely on natural lighting but will also need great illumination during the night.
o Music must be heard around the bar, but not fully heard in the pool area.
Storage: Storage is needed for cleaning supplies, and separate storage is needed for supplies such as cups and plates.
Adjacencies:
o Pool area
o Restaurant Notes: the bar and restaurant will be adjacent need to be connected in a seamless way, while still feeling the different areas.
Retail / Shop
Square footage: 400 square feet
Occupancy: 10
Users: store employees and hotel guests
Activities: shop and sell
Equipment:
o Shelves
o Display Cabinets
o Register
o Mirrors
Furniture / materials:
o Materials used must be durable, easy maintenance and fast cleaning.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Lighting must enhance all sales items, there will be a lot of brightness and add some color temperature to combine with the hotel vibe.
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Storage: storage for any extra retail items that are being sold, separate storage needed for the store’s cleaning supplies and bags.
Adjacencies:
o Lobby / reception area
o Secondary adjacency with the parking is and the restrooms.
Notes: the retail space must reflect Costa Rica’s rich natural resources and include educational information as this is the purpose of the design.
Sanctuary Clinic
Square footage: 200 square feet
Occupancy: 4
Users: veterinary and animals
Activities: animal’s check-up and diagnostics
Equipment:
o Computer
o Medical Cabinetry
o Veterinary Table
o Stool
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be durable, easy to clean and of easy maintenance.
o Only use materials safe for animals
Lighting / acoustical:
o Brightness and clear lighting is necessary for a well done check-up
Storage: storage needed for the different medicines and small equipment that may be used in the clinic.
Adjacencies:
o Research Laboratory
o Staff Hygiene Area
o Radiology
o Surgery
Notes: Research Laboratory
Square footage: 400 square feet
Occupancy: 8
Users: staff and vets
Activities: research
Equipment:
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o Microscope
o Freezer
o Test Tubes
o Volumetric Flasks
o Computers
o Storage Cabinetry
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be durable, easy to clean and of easy maintenance.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Brightness and clear lighting are necessary for good research.
Storage: storage is needed for the different equipment used in the space, which will also be used to store files, samples, and important information.
Adjacencies:
o Clinic
o Reception Area
o Staff Hygiene Area
o Surgery
o Radiology
o Quarantine Area
Notes: the research lab will be adjacent to the reception area, but a separate entrance must be offered from the other spaces in the building.
Isolation Shed
Square footage: 150 square feet
Occupancy: 1
Users: animals
Activities: temporary living space
Equipment:
o Bed
o Feeding equipment
Furniture / materials:
o Materials used must be easy to clean and animal safe / friendly.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Acoustics will be a crucial part of this spaces, giving the animal privacy to help with the anxiousness of worry that a space like this may cause.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Quarantine Area
Notes: the paint and colors used in the space must help the animal calm down, creating a comfortable space.
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Reception Area
Square footage: 500 square feet
Occupancy: 16
Users: veterinary staff, visitors, volunteers
Activities: waiting area, receiving of guests and volunteers
Equipment:
o Sofa
o Lounge Chairs
o Coffee Table
o Register
o Receptionist Desk Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be comfortable and durable.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Acoustics are important, the noise from the animals inside the sanctuary should not be heard from the reception area.
Storage: storage is needed for files and important documents.
Adjacencies:
o Restrooms
o Interaction Area
o Viewing Area
o Exterior / Open area
Notes: big windows must be included in the space, also information about the animals found in the sanctuary must be displayed in the reception area
Restrooms
Square footage: 100 square feet
Occupancy: 1
Users: all hotel employees and guests
Activities: restroom usage
Equipment:
o Toilets
o Sink
o Urinals
o Mirrors
o Hand dryers
Furniture / materials:
o Materials used must be durable and easy to maintain and clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
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o Acoustics: privacy is required in this area
Storage: storage needed for cleaning supplies
Adjacencies:
o Reception Area
o Staff Hygiene Area
o Interaction Areas
o Viewing Areas
Notes: space will be central for the areas used by staff and visitors.
Administrative Office
Square footage: 200 square feet
Occupancy: 4
Users: hotel employees and guests
Activities: host meetings and small conventions
Equipment:
o Meeting table
o Office Chairs
o Computers
o Flat Screen TV
Furniture / materials:
o Easy to clean material must be used.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Lighting must be bright to maintain professional interiors.
o When it comes to acoustics privacy is needed in this space, there is no need for guests walking by to know what is being talked about inside the meeting room.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Secondary adjacency to the restrooms
Staff Hygiene Area
Square footage: 100 square feet
Occupancy: 2
Users: vets and volunteers
Activities: self-cleaning
Equipment:
o Sink
o Product and Supply storage
o Shower
o Hazardous material bin
Furniture / materials:
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o Materials used must be durable and easy to clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Shower noise should not be heard from outside the staff hygiene area.
Storage: storage is needed for cleaning supplies, and elements such as towels.
Adjacencies:
o Restrooms
o Research Laboratory
o Clinic
o Radiology
o Surgery
Notes: the staff hygiene area must contain lockers for safer storage of the volunteers’ and vets’ belongings.
Food Preparation
Square footage: 80 square feet
Occupancy: 1
Users: staff and volunteers
Activities: food preparation
Equipment:
o Table
o Food Storage Bins
o Medicine Cabinetry
o Sink
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be easy to clean and durable.
Storage: storage is needed for the storing of the food and different proteins and medicines that the animals have
Adjacencies:
o Individual housing
o Group housing
o Storage
Notes:
Individual Housing
Square footage: (add up of medium and big animal holdings)
Occupancy: 1
Users: animals
Activities: living spaces
Equipment:
o Bed
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o Feeding equipment
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be safe for animal use, easy to clean and durable.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Privacy is important for the animals the control of acoustics is important to create a comfortable environment.
o The lighting must also be low on glare to reduce any sort of discomfort on the animals, creating a relaxing space.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Food preparation
o Interaction areas
o Viewing areas
o Exterior open areas
o Medium animal holding
o Large animal holding
Notes: individual housing will consist of medium and individual animal holdings
Group Housing
Square footage: n/a
Occupancy: 30
Users: animals
Activities: living spaces
Equipment:
o Bed
o Feeding equipment
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be safe for animal use, easy to clean and durable.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Privacy is important for the animals the control of acoustics is important to create a comfortable environment.
o The lighting must also be low on glare to reduce any sort of discomfort on the animals, creating a relaxing space.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Food preparation
o Interaction areas
o Viewing areas
o Exterior open areas
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Notes: group housing will be for animals that are able to coexist in a space, it must be a comfortable space, if the design causes any discomfort, it may cause problems between the animals.
Radiology
Square footage: 800 square feet
Occupancy: 5
Users: animals and veterinaries
Activities: scans and radiology
Equipment:
o Vet Digital X-ray System
o DIS portable X-ray equipment.
o Computer
Lighting / acoustical:
o Good lighting is necessary for the space.
Storage: storage needed for the patient information and the scans.
Adjacencies:
o Staff hygiene
o Clinic
o Research Laboratory
o Surgery
Surgery
Square footage: 950 square feet
Occupancy: 6
Users: veterinaries and animals
Activities: surgical procedures
Equipment:
o Anesthesia Machine
o Surgical Table and accessories
o Ultrasound Machines
o Endoscopy Tower
o Computer
o Instrument cart / table
o Biohazard waste cans
o Stools
o Medical cabinetry
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be animal safe and easy to clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
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o Good lighting is needed for surgical rooms, and task lighting must also be implemented.
Storage: storage needed for small equipment used during the surgeries
Adjacencies:
o Radiology
o Staff hygiene area
o Clinic
o Research lab
o Quarantine area
Quarantine Area
Square footage: 150 square feet
Occupancy: 7
Users: animals
Activities: temporary living space
Equipment:
o Bed
o Feeding equipment
Furniture / materials:
o Materials used must be easy to clean and animal safe / friendly.
Lighting / acoustical:
o Acoustics will be a crucial part of this spaces, giving the animal privacy to help with the anxiousness of worry that a space like this may cause.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Surgery
o Isolation shed.
o Research laboratory
Notes: the research lab will be adjacent to the reception area, but a separate entrance must be offered from the other spaces in the building.
Medium Animal Holding
Square footage: 72 square feet
Occupancy: 1
Users: animals
Activities: living space
Equipment:
o Bed
o Feeding plates
Furniture / materials:
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o Materials must be safe for animals, durable and easy to clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o The acoustics and lighting must make the animals as comfortable as possible; the use of dimmable lighting might help to give different feels to the animals.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Exterior open area
o Viewing area
o Individual housing
o group housing
Large Animal Housing
Square footage: 128 square feet
Occupancy: 1
Users: animals
Activities: living space
Equipment:
o Bed
o Feeding plates
Furniture / materials:
o Materials must be safe for animals, durable and easy to clean.
Lighting / acoustical:
o The acoustics and lighting must make the animals as comfortable as possible; the use of dimmable lighting might help to give different feels to the animals.
Storage: n/a
Adjacencies:
o Exterior open area
o Viewing area
o Individual housing
o group housing
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2.7 – Adjacency Matrix
Hotel Animal Sanctuary
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2.8 – Site Selection and Analysis
About Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica
Costa Rica is a country located in Central America, it is most known for its incredibly rich natural resources, with lots of wildlife and biodiversity. Costa Rica is also known for its beautiful beaches; these are some of the main attractors for international tourists. The country has great reliance on the income from both local and international tourism Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, often known as Manuel Antonio National Park, is a small national park in Costa Rica's Central Pacific Conservation Area. It is situated on the country's Pacific coast, just south of Quepos, Puntarenas, and 132 kilometers (82 miles) from San José, the country's capital.
Throughout the years, Manuel Antonio has become a key touristic area for the country, attracting thousands of tourists a year The town offers everything from beaches and extreme activities, to relaxing areas and exotic wildlife. Due to the number of tourists that visit the area Manuel Antonio counts with many hotels and restaurants around certain parts of the park, which may sometimes lead to irresponsible tourism and affect the development of the areas wildlife and natural resources. This is why the idea of this project was born, and Manuel Antonio was the perfect place to execute it, the number of tourists that find this area attractive will be perfect guests and will be given the opportunity to get to know Manuel Antonio in all its beauty, in a responsible and caring way.
Location
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Protected Area
Hotel Areas and Public Beaches
The Manuel Antonio has a big protected area, focused solely on the development and protection of its wildlife. In this area the construction of hotels and other touristic facilities is prohibited. But Manuel Antonio also has a great space close to the protected area which is where most of the hotels and public beaches are located. This is where the project is meant to be developed.
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Tourism And Infrastructure/Resort
Echeverri, Alejandra, et al. “Biodiversity and Infrastructure Interact to Drive Tourism to and within Costa Rica.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 119, no. 11, 2022, doi:10.1073/pnas.2107662119.
The authors of “Biodiversity and Infrastructure Interact to Drive Tourism to and within Costa Rica” explain the effect biodiversity, location, water sources and infrastructure have of the number of tourists a hotel/touristic space receives. The authors also discuss what is that draw tourists in and analyze the patterns of tourism not only in Costa Rica’s protected areas, but also all around the country. Studies shown in the research project demonstrate that the role of infrastructure such as hotel and road has a bigger impact in bringing tourists than biodiversity, but tourism is the highest when both biodiversity and structure are present.
This research helps towards the development of the hotel design for this research project. Providing information about what attracts tourists the most not only in activities and biodiversity, but also in accessibility, location, and structure.
J., Eagles Paul F, et al. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. World Tourism Organization, 2002.
The authors of the book “Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management” give the reader a very complete perspective on not only what attracts tourists and what they look for when they visit protected areas, but also on how designers can help protect these areas when building infrastructures such as hotels and resorts. The book explains how travelers are now seeking a more lifeenriching travel experience and searching for learning activities. Which go hand in hand with the resort design because this type of tourism does not only require the space but also explanatory materials, interpretive facilities, and interpretive guiding. The authors share the development of environmentally sensitive designs. Offering guidelines for the design and construction of environmentally and culturally sensitive facilities. This piece of literature may offer great insight for the design of the resort this project looks forward to creating. Sharing not only helpful guides for environmental design in parks and tourism, but also giving the reader an insight into the design issue for this project, which is design that educates the user about the importance of wildlife protection.
Schmitz, Adrienne, and Robert Chickering. Resort Development. LI Development Handbook Series, 2008.
Adrianne Schmitz and Robert Chickering explain in a detailed way the process of developing a successful hotel/resort, in the book Resort Development. Discussing topics such as market analysis, design, management, and marketing. Schmitz and Chickering also give a clear guide on how to create your own resort by analyzing case studies and trends that can be seen in the hospitality and tourism industries. This project being the design of a resort in Costa Rica, the contents of this book are a great guide to achieve this project’s goal. The book explains in detail all the things that
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must be considered when designing a hotel, to make it function in the best way and complete its main purpose. That in the case of this project is to educate tourists about the wildlife of Costa Rica, in a unique hotel experience that part of the money being raised in the hotel by the guest’s visits goes to the protection of the country’s flora and fauna.
Wildlife Protection and Tourism
Valverde Sanchez, Ricardo. “Conservation Strategies, Protected Areas, and Ecotourism in Costa Rica.” Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, vol. 36, no. 3, 2018, pp. 115–128., doi:10.18666/jpra-2018-v36-i3-8355.
Ricardo Valverde Sanchez discusses the important role that ecotourism plays in Costa Rica’s economy, making the country a leading ecotourism destination. Explaining not only the importance of wildlife protection, but also guiding the reader through the conservation strategies Cost Rica has implemented. Valverde thoroughly explains the changes the country has gone through when it comes to wildlife and nature protection throughout the years, and how it continues to protect it to this day. Some wildlife conservation efforts mentioned in the article are: “ecotourism, biological research, environmental education, reforestation projects and rural tourism endeavors for community development.
Wildlife protection, ecotourism and its importance are crucial themes that will be seen in this research project. This research project seeks to design a space in which ecotourism and wildlife protection are connected, focusing on the design and development of an Eco touristic resort that both protects the wildlife of Costa Rica and educates the tourists on the importance of its protection.
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4.1 – Interview Questions
Expert’s Interview
Katherine Lutz
Hotel Owner and Manager
+506 83906204
kalutz65@hotmail.com
Inicio - Karahé Beach Hotel (karahe.com)
1. Manuel Antonio es una playa muy reconocida, no solo en Costa Rica pero internacionalmente. ¿Cómo atraen a huéspedes con la competencia turística que se ha creado en la zona? / Manuel Antonio is a highly recognized beach, not only in Costa Rica but internationally. How do you attract guests with the touristic competition that has been created in the area?
La razón primordial es porque esta frente al mar, y porque esta 700 metros antes del parque nacional. Ubicación es la mayor razón por la que se queda Booking es el mayor donde llegan la mayor cantidad de reservaciones. Clientes de años.
The main reason why the hotel keeps attracting many guests even after other hotels were founded is the proximity it has h=to the ocean (700 meters away from it) and its closeness to Manuel Antonio’s protected area and national park. Making its location its maim factor to attract new and old guests and tourists to the hotel.
2. Después de todos los años de experiencia dirigiendo el hotel Karahe, ¿Ha sentido algún cambio en que atrae clientes en los últimos años? / After all the years of experience running the Karahe hotel, have you felt any change in what attracts clients in recent years?
Ocupación está muy similar todos los años, este ha sido el mejor ano del hotel. Razón primordial es que las parejas que venían antes vienen ahora con hijos ya mayores y gastan más. Y alargan sus estadías en el hotel, comparado a otros años.
The number of guests is similar every year, but this year is the one with the most changes when it comes to the number of new tourists that visit the hotel. Old guests that came with their kids now come with grandkids and spend more money in food and accommodation, they stay for more days than before. This may be due to the lack of travel and vacation/family time caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
3. Costa Rica es un país con muchas leyes que protegen la flora y la fauna que se encuentra en todos los parques y áreas protegidas del país. Manuel Antonio es una
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playa con mucha vida salvaje, ¿cómo protegen ustedes el medio ambiente y a la vida salvaje que puede llegar a aparecer al hotel? / Costa Rica is a country with many laws that protect the flora and fauna found in all the parks and protected areas of the country. Manuel Antonio is a beach with a lot of wildlife, how do you protect the environment and the wildlife that may appear at the hotel?
Mucha vida salvaje hay en el hotel, en especial los monos cariblancos. Se pueden volver agresivos y exigen alimento. “prohibido alimentar animales”, evitan el alambre navaja para la seguridad de los animales que puede llegar a lastimarlos. No hay comederos para los animales. El hotel tiene un mariposario, se les ofrece agua porque en el verano se seca el agua del parque. Cables cubiertos para que no se electrocuten los animales. Las leyes en costa rica funcionan en beneficio al medio ambiente no a los dueños hoteleros.
Huerta de productos propios, iguanas se lo comen. Como hotel ellos tienen una planta de tratamiento de aguas que muy pocas personas las tienen. Las plantas son importantes, también el hotel se basa en energía solar que ayuda al medio ambiente, y recolectar el agua llovida son formas que ellos ayudan al medio ambiente como hotel.
There is a lot of wildlife that can be seen inside the hotel, especially species such as the whitefaced monkey. They often go to the hotel looking for food and may get aggressive when trying to get it. To protect the animals from any harm the food may cause them, and the guests from any accidents with the animals, the hotel has signs that say, “do not feed the animals” The hotel also avoids the use of razor blade barbed wire, to keep the animals from any harm that it may cause. During the summer periods the protected areas of Manuel Antonio often get dry, and the animals go to surrounding areas in search of water to drink, the hotel offers the animals clean water during this season.
The hotel also protects the surrounding wildlife and environment by using solar energy to bring the hotel to life, and they collect rainwater that is later filtered and cleaned for the hotel’s use.
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4.2 – Additional Bibliography
Documents and Links used for Research
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals CPOOAW. “Guidelines for the Design and Management of Animal Shelters.” Guidelines for the Design and Management of Animal Shelters, 2017, www.icam-coalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Shelterguidelines-English.pdf.
, International Ecotourism Society. “What Is Ecotourism - the International Ecotourism Society.” What Is Ecotourism? n.d., ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism/.
Villa Nueva, Quepos
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