Environmental Design Strategies

Environmental Design Strategies Bauhaus Summer School 2017

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Contents 4

Introduction Prof. Dr.-Ing. Linda Hildebrand | Ing. Alexander Hollberg

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Design Task

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Site analysis

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Project: DTRH Davide Gaudiello | Tonia Schmitz

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Project: STH39 Lucas Spranger

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Project: GHAR Moazam Iqbal I Gülçin Orakçı

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Project: Student living in nature & city Saira Enam | Franziska Meyer

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Project: Students‘ Square Maria Chiara Cornacchia I Alexandra Barbar

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Project: Walter 2x3 Francesca Gadusso I Anne Groß

Impressum

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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN STRATEGIES Bauhaus Summer School 2017

Lecturers

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Linda Hildebrand | Germany Dr.-Ing. Alexander Hollberg | Germany

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The course Environmental Design Strategies took place in Weimar as part of the Bauhaus Summer School in August 2017.

During two weeks, an international group of students worked in interdisciplinary pairs of two and developed a design for an environmentally-friendly student apartment house located in Weimar.

Environmental design integrates ecological aspects as a relevant parameter into the planning process and balances it with user comfort criteria. The environmental impact of a building throughout its life cycle can be steered by the amount of energy needed to operate the building and by the choice of materials and their type of connection. This can be quantified in an overall energy performance and needs to be aligned with characteristics which are hard to tangle including functionality and architectural quality. Different strategies can be followed in order to reach a performance with best possible ecological impact.

The eleven participants of the course had different educational backgrounds in architecture, civil and environmental engineering from bachelor to doctoral level.

Furthermore, they came from seven different nations from Europe to Asia. Within the short period of two weeks, the students were able to develop their own approach to the wide topic of environmental design. We hope the students will apply the strategies they developed during this course to develop more environmental-conscious buildings in the future.

Introduction Environmental design strategies – Weimar Summer School 2017

Weimar, September 2017 Alexander Hollberg & Linda Hildebrand

Each design is developed with an individual perspective within a framework of project specifications. The best possible solution to balance all requirements can be approached by comparing design alternatives. This is a way to improve the design iteratively and furthermore engages the discussion about architectural quality on the one hand and ecological impact on the other. Considering different design and construction alternatives regarding their materials and energy concept is complex as they interact with one another. A variety of tools can help to keep control over these parameters.

Both, energy and materials concepts can be quantified to express the ecological impact.

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Design task

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The task is to develop an environmentally-friendly design for student apartment house for 45 students in Weimar. The site is located in the eastern part of Weimar on a hillside. The surrounding buildings include student houses, a home for elderly and a building of the Music University Franz Liszt. The larger neighbourhood consists mainly of residential buildings.

the indoor temperature. Furthermore, active measures such as photovoltaic cells, thermal collectors and heat storage systems can be included. The technical building equipment for heating, ventilation and air climatization (HVAC) is not the primary focus of this course, but is included to calculate the primary energy needed for the operation of the building.

The course focuses on the environmental aspects of the building design. These are divided into energy concept and material concept. For the energy concept, the focus is laid on the operation of the building. Strategies to reduce the energy demand should include passive means, such as orientation towards the sun path, zoning of the floor plans or using the mass of the building to stabilize

The material concept focuses on the ecological choice of material. This includes the embodied energy needed to produce, maintain and recycle the materials and the environmental impacts resulting from it, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the ability to reuse and recycle materials and whether renewable materials can be used should be considered.

To compare different solutions and improve the design variants should be generated. Two digital tools are offered for quick evaluation; CAALA, a plug-in for Sketchup to calculate the operational energy demand and carry out a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) during the design and RB-Tool, a plugin for Autodesk Revit to calculate the embodied energy and consider suitability of different connections in building components for recycling. The students are free to mainly focus on one of the two aspects. However, finally, the energy and material related questions must be matched with the functional and architectural aspects to provide a sustainable design solution.

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Site analysis

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Energy grid

The building site lies within the outskirt of the already developed area „Neues Bauen am Horn“. Located between several student housings, a residential care home for elderly persons and the Franz Liszt music university, the future students home can easily be connected to Weimars natural gas supply system. Looking for more environmentally-friendly energy sources, the option of district heating has been investigated.

However, since the closest docking points are located at a distance of 1 km from the building site, it seems economically unfavorable to connect the student home to the already existing district heating pipes.

District heating system 1989/1990 Extended district heating since 1990 Closed district heating since 1990

Closest district heating pipes

Source:

Site area

waerme/versorgungsgebiete/

https://sw-weimar.de/privatkunden/

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High pressure Medium pressure

Site area Source: http://enwg-weimar.de/enwg-weimarde/ gas/veroeffentlichungsdaten/

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Views and axes

The site is situated on the top of the city. It‘s elevated postition provides a panoramic view to the city.

The surrounding buildings are a mix of traditional and modern style. The fotos from the site show this diversity.

Student housing

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Site accessibility

Northern accessibility

Elderly housing

Music university

Site

Eastern View

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Solar analysis

Latitude: N 50°58‘43.68‘‘ 50.97880° Longitude: E 11°20‘19.32‘‘ 11.33870° Height: 249m The sun path analyses have shown that the highest incidence angle of the direct solar radiation is 62.5° on June 21st at 13:16 and the lowest incidence angle is around 15.7° on the December 21st at 12:12.

Correspondingly, the highest solar radiation per month is in June and July as shown in the graph.

By analysing the impact of the sun on a site, as well as the building’s location, the spatial arrangement, orientation, window placement, daylight access and other design features, the designer can take full advantage of passive solar design and increase both energy efficiency and user comfort for the building.

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June 21st, 1:16pm (Berlin CEST )

December 21, 12:12pm

Source: https://www.sonnenverlauf.de/#/50.9

Source: https://www.sonnenverlauf.de/#/50.9

788,11.3386,18/2017.09.27/10:18/1/0

788,11.3386,18/2017.09.27/10:18/1/0

Solar data for the Location Dawn: 04:13:34 Sunrise: 04:59:41 Sun peak level: 13:16:29 Sunset: 21:33:16 Dusk: 22:19:22 Duration: 16h33m35s Altitude: 62.5° Azimut: 179.8° Shadow length: 0.52

Solar data for the Location Dawn: 07:35:36 Sunrise: 08:14:48 Sun peak level: 12:12:48 Sunset: 16:10:48 Dusk: 16:50:00 Duration: 7h56m0s Altitude: 15.7° Azimut: 179.9° Shadow length: 3.57

Solar radiations on solar modules at a flat roof

Solar radiations on solar modules at a pitched roof

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Davide Gaudiello | Italy Tonia Schmitz | Luxemburg

DTRH

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Concept

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A temporary home for 45 students and families is to be planned for the eastern part of Weimar.

Considering its future use, an extroverted building character supporting community is being designed. Equally respecting the desire of future residents for a pleasant living situation and the setting of alreay inhabited buildings, special care is being taken on minimizing the negative impacts on the surroundings.

Following an approach of environmentally friendly planning, the material combination and the building structure itself is allowing for recombination, reuse and recycling of all employed materials. Furthermore, the building structure and materials are being chosen according to their ressource consumption and global warming potential.

Site view

Mobility

Public space and pv panels

Building functions

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Energy Shaping the building Assessing the impact of the building shape on it‘s energy performance.

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Comparing the ressource consumption of four material variants shows that option A should be preferred. It outperforms all other variants with a non-enewable primary energy demand of only 43 kWh/m2a.

Negative environmental impacts are being mitigated by using renewable and reusable as well as locally available materials (clay, wood and woodfiber).

Result of materials study

Material Evaluating building materials Comparing the ressource consumption of four differing material combinations.

A: Clay bricks in timber structure

B: Bricks in timber structure

C: Stamped clay in timber structure

D: Concrete structure

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Design Construction details Floor plans and detailed wall and roof structures.

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Ground floor

First floor

Third floor

Wall structure

Sloped roof structure

Temperature gradient

Conclusion

Construction phase and properties of materials

Comparing the ressource consumption of the 9 building shapes and 4 material variants, option 1 is to be preffered since it outstands all other options with having a primary energy demand of only 43 kWh/m2a, with 26 kWh/ m2a as operational energy. Negative environmental impacts are being mitigated by using renewable and recyclable as well as locally available materials (timber structure, clay bricks and plaster, woodfiber insulation).

Further focussing on the building shape and orientation, the shading of other buildings is minimal and occurs only in winter over the course oft he afternoon.

Primary energy non-renewable

Global warning potential

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Lucas Spranger | Germany

STH39

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Concept The building for 39 students is situated between existing dormitories, which will be connected by a staircase and event space. It consists of two compact volumes shaded by arcades and balconies.

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residential area

100 m2 200 m2

private space

student apartments student apartments

Konzept Two compact volumes facing east and west

retirement homes

event space

Following the axis of the wall and the existing buildings, the two volumes are placed retracted into the hillside. To avoid excess shading of the surroundings, both volumes are only four storeys high.

public space

residential area

terrace

HfM building

student apartments student apartments

Site plan | 1:3000

1|Paths and connections 2| Balconies and views

Latitude: Longitute: Cristalline Silicon Panels: Orientation: Inclination: Estimated Electricity Demand: Electricity Output: Shading analysis | 15 Jun 4pm; daylight: 16h32m

50.97883 11.33866 20.15 kWp, 130 m2 -15° 30° 76000 kWh/a 19000 kWh/a = 25 %

The flat roof allows to place both a photovoltaic system on a surface area of 130 m2 and a lush roof garden, that all residents are invited to use. There are only small windows in the south facade to avoid heat gain during the summer. All rooms are facing east or west.

photovoltaic system | 15 Dec 1pm; daylight: 7h58m

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photovoltaic system

terrace

roof garden

The ground floor retracts deep inside the hill, so we decided to propose a heat pump using the regulated temperature in the basement room as long-term storage.

There is a large public staircase leading from the ground floor up the hill to the 1st floor.

These stairs can be used as seating to watch events in the outdoor area in the north, which can be combined with the multi-functional room.

Floors 1-3 are for residents only, with the arcades serving as a common area to meet residents from the same floor. The units itself are very compact based on an efficient design of student housing in Copenhagen. Each room has two floor-to-ceiling windows and a balcony facing either east or west to provide living spaces with equal qulity. The roof terrace is for gardening, relaxing and partying.

Design

buffer tank + heat pump

multi-functional room 130 m2

long-term storage

Section | 1:250

event space

technical equipment family apt.

multi-functional room 130 m2

buffer tank + heat pump

roof garden

photovoltaic system 130 m2

terrace

long-term storage

bike storage 60 m2

ground floor | 1:500

family apt.

first floor | 1:500 2nd and 3rd floor similar

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roof | 1:500

Geometry variation 1

Geometry variation 2

PENRT

Geometry variant 1 (compact)

common space balconies + floor-to-ceiling windows Geometry variation 1

GV balconies + floor-to-ceiling windows

Energy

glazed atrium

4.440 m3

GVA 1.333 m2 NFA 1.067 m2

balconies + smaller windows

Geometry variation 2

GWP

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balconies + smaller windows

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Geometry variant 2 (larger envelope) glazed atrium

common space

balconies + floor-to-ceiling windows

balconies + smaller windows

balconies + smaller windows

GV 5.419 m3 GVA 1.358 m2

NFA 1.087 m2

Two geometry variations

Primary energy demand | PENRT and GWP of both variations QP of variant 1: 27 kWh/m2 = 28809 kWh/a | QP of variant 2: 28 kWh/m2 = 30436 kWh/a

Gains and losses [kWh/a]

Var. 1

Var. 2

Internal gains

35.040

37.619

Solar gains transparent

110.292

59.905

Heating demand

87.623

86.117

Ventilation heat losses

80.693

96.245

Transmission heat losses

70.932

76.565

Two geometry variations were generated to examine energy gains and losses. Variant 1 has larger windows, but non-heated arcades and stairs, while variant 2 has a glazed atrium and each second window is only one fourth as large compared to variant 1. Furhermore, the net floor area is a bit larger, since there are less (thick) exterior walls. Both variants perform similar in terms of embodied PENRT and GWP, since the same materials are used. The calculation with shows CAALA that variant 1 has lower operational primary energy demand QP than variant 2. By looking at the more detailed results of energy gains and losses it became clear that variant 1 has a better geometry.

Gains and losses - best option: variant 1

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windows

NFA 1.087 m3

geometriy variations

110.292 59.905 daylight 16h32m

solar gains transparent heating demand ventilation heat losses transmission heat losses

87.623 80.693 70.932

daylight 7h58m

86.117 96.245 76.565

primary energy demand, gains and losses shading analysis

Geometry variation 1

photovoltaic system

total grey energy of materials

Geometry variation 2

geometry var. 1 (compact) PENRT and GWP of both variations 1 flat roof 370 m2, u-value: 0,176 (ref: 0.20) A green roof + pebbles var (layered) B roofing membrane 1,5 mm (welded) A glass wool panels 180 mm (layered) GV 4.440 m3 A solid wood ceiling element 200 mm (bolted)

128.944,64 MJ

glazed atrium

common space balconies + floor-to-ceiling windows Geometry variation 1

balconies + floor-to-ceiling windows

GVA 1.333 m

2

2.272.157,47 MJ

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smaller windows

NFA 21.067 m2 walls 948 m2, u-value: 0,196 (ref: 0.28) exterior

wood cladding 30 mm (screwed) PENRT GWP layer of air 30 mm A wood fibre insulation 160 mm (screwed) geometry var. 2 (larger envelope) B vapour barrier 0,2 mm (velcro fastened2+ glued) PED of var. 1: 27 kWh/m = 28.809 kWh B solid wood wall element 200 mm (screwed)

-1.840.035,08 MJ

A

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4 balconies + floor-to-ceiling windows

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2 balconies +

balconies + smaller windows

Geometry variation 2

glazed atrium

common space

1

balconies + floor-to-ceiling windows

balconies + smaller windows

balconies + smaller windows

GV

5.419 m3

PED of var. 2: 28 kWh/m2 = 30.436 kWh

2 gains andmlosses [kWh/a] 3 interior walls 614

GVA B1.358 m3 internal gains solid timber 110 mm (screwed) NFA 1.087 m3

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solar gains transparent heating demand ventilation heat losses 268 m2 (glazed transmission heat surface), losses

var. 1 var. 2 35.040 37.619 110.292 59.905 87.623 86.117 80.693 96.245 u-value:70.932 0,9 (ref:76.565 1.30)

4 windows B triple glazing (glued) with wooden frame

geometriy variations

primary energy demand, gains and losses

reusable non-destructively A Areusable non-destructively reusable destructively B Breusable destructively demolition, contaminated C Cdemolition, contaminated = 561.067,03 MJ

= 561067 MJ

total grey energy of materials

5 ceilings 945 m A boards 25 mm (screwed) A wood fibre insulation 30 mm (layered) A solid wood ceiling element 200 mm (bolted) 2

6 A

6

A B A A

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2

A

7

A

B C

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8 C A

4 section of facade (east and west) 1:25 section of facade (east and west)

B

1 flat roof 370 m2, u-value: 0,176 (ref: 0.20) A green material for walls and ceilings is + pebblesThe varmain (layered) 0,185 roof (ref: 0.35) ceilings above grund floor 315 m2, u-value: boards 25 mm (screwed) B roofing membrane 1,5 mm (welded) laminated timber (solid wood), which alread wood fibre insulation 30 mm (layered)A

glass wool panels 180 mm (layered) has a negative amount of embodied energy, concrete w/ expanded clay 200 mm (casted) glass wool insulation (screwed) A solid wood ceiling element 200 mm (bolted) since it can store much more than what is plasterboards (screwed) needed to process, transport, and construct.

1 The aim was to get low u-values with only 2 ext. wall of ground floor 340 m2, u-value: 0,196 (ref: 0.28) few different 2 exterior walls 948 mvery , u-value: 0,196 materials, (ref: 0.28)so we waived all fibreboard 25 mm (screwed) unneccesary layers.

Then each material was A wood cladding 30 mm (screwed) layer of air 30 mm XPS foam insulation 120 mm (layered) layer of air 30 mm assigned a waste category based on assembly concrete w/ expanded clay 200 mm (casted) A wood fibre insulation 160 mm (screwed) methods (A, B, C) as well as its embodied lime plaster 15 mm (physically mapped) B vapour barrier 0,2 mm (velcro + glued) energy.

Thefastened evaluation of all materials used B solid wood wall element 200 mm (screwed) for the building shows that wood has a foundation plate 395 m2, u-value: 0,278 (ref: 0.35) very positive impact resulting in a very low cement screed 80 mm (screwed) 3 XPS foam insulation 140 mm (layered) result of 561067 MJ of embodied energy. concrete w/ expanded clay 200 mm (casted) 3 interior walls 614 m2 B solid timber 110 mm (screwed) materials used, waste categories, and grey energy

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4 windows 268 m2 (glazed surface), u-value: 0,9 (ref: 1.30) Bauhaus Summer School | Enrivomental Design Strategies | Prof. Dr.-Ing. Linda HildebrandB| Dr.-Ing. Alexander Hollberg triple glazing (glued) with wooden frame 30

5 ceilings 945 m2 A boards 25 mm (screwed) A wood fibre insulation 30 mm (layered)

Laminated timber has become a high-tech product which in most cases performs better than concrete or steel. It is reusable in the sense that other wood products can be made from the pre-fab elements. While growing, trees store a substantial amount of primary energy, so processing and transportation do not influence the positive impact on the total embodied energy used for erecting the building. For insulation, the decision was made infavour of wood byproducts such as wood fibre insulation, which has a minimal impact on embodied energy.

By comparing the two geometry variants, we could find the optimal geometry, since both variants offered pros and cons, such as low volume but bigger heat gains and larger envelope and smaller heat gains.

The technical equipment is reduced to a minimum. Heating can be supported by the heat pump and geothermal storage. 25% of all electrical energy needed by the inhabitants is provied by a photovoltaic system. Natural ventilation is possible due to the fact that the arcades are outdoor areads, so doors can also be opened for airing. It is interesting to see how little technology is needed to produce high quality, energy-efficient living spaces.

Initially it was intended to include clay brick walls on the north and south side for storing heat, but energy-wise it turned out that solid wood and sufficiant insulation have the same result. To simplify the construction process I decided for only two materials for all load-bearing walls, which are concrete for walls in contact with soil and solid wood for everything else.

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Moazam Iqbal I India Gülçin Orakçı| Turkey

GHAR

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Concept GHAR The residence has been called Ghar which derives its origin from Urdu language meaning Sweet Home.

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The proposed student residence in Weimar focuses primarily on high energy performance.

To minimize the total energy demand a balanced combination of active and passive strategies is applied and renewable energy sources are used.

Comfort

The design focuses on positioning the spaces to suit and meet the requirements of students and local community. Facilities like multi-functional rooms, cafĂŠ, service areas and laundry are provided. The project aims to be a model in terms sustainable design strategies for future development.

Site View

Direct access has been proposed between the upper and lower ground floors for creating a communication zone and free access through the building for the residents and neighbours. The residents can easily access the adjacent students halls and open spaces.

The design aims to integrate the student residence within the existing vicinity with participation of locals who can use the leisure services like multi-purpose hall, gym, cafe, etc. provided in the building.

Direct access between the upper and lower ground floor - Sectional view

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Design

ENTRANCE

+4.00 PLAN

Lower Ground Floor Plan

ENTRANCE

THE GHAR The residence has been called Ghar which derives its origin from Urdu language meaning - Sweet Home..

SCALE 1/300

+6.50 PLAN

SCALE 1/300

Upper Ground Floor Plan

+8.50 PLAN

SCALE 1/300

HIgher Floor Plan

The lower ground floor of the design iskept open for free passage. An inviting stairs arena has been proposed to provide residents with some open space for leisure and use. The ground floor supports the multi-purpose room, sports center and cafeteria. The free passage gives access to the other students between the front and backside of the residence. The local residents can also use the ground floor services. The upper floors are primarily for student housing with shared kitchens and some open spaces for student work and gatherings. The design focuses to bring about a balance between housing requirements and energy concerns.

PerspectiveTHE GHAR | The residence has been called Ghar which derives its origin from Urdu language meaning - Sweet Home.

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Thermal and photovolatic system Calculated energy demand of building for Space heating: 49 kWh/m2 Using these technologies, the buildings will be supplied with electricity and hot water, directly from the sun in order to reduce the energy demand from the grid.

Thermal systems: 100 - 365 W each unit Photovoltaic systems: 0.75 kW each unit Apricus (ETC) Solar Collectorwith a unit size 120 cm X 150 cm.generating 1672 kWh per year.

From 95 units we have 158840 kWh per year for a total floor area of 1372 m2 producing 38.59 kWh/m2.

Energy Energy concept The design aims to reduce the primary energy demand by use of thermal and photovoltaic systems.

Performance strategies

Direct and diffused solar radiation in Weimar

LCA results calculated with CAALA

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E

Material Smart combinations of efficient materials

λ

λ “ ”

I

U-Value= 0.124 W/m2K

The material has been selected to minimize the negative environmental impacts and to optimize the long-term energy performance of the structure.

Material detail for ceiling

®

®

λ

λ

λ “ ” “ ”

λ λ

I

E

U-Value= 0.1008 W/m2K Material detail for walls - option 1

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I

E 2

U-Value= 0.128 W/m K

Material details for walls - option 2

The design for a student residence in Weimar is next to a building of the Music University and in proximity to the Bauhaus University. The site is located on a hill above the city center and provides beautiful views. With numerous student residences close by the location has an urban setting in a very serene atmosphere.

As the site location lies on a terrace the design aims to provide free access to the upper and lower parts of the terrace. The building houses a multi-purpose hall, sports area, cafĂŠ and other facilities for the residents as well the people living in the neighbourhood.

The upper floors are primarily for the living of students. The main focus of the design is the energy performance. The design uses super insulation as a design strategy. With use of energy assessment tool CAALA it was found out that the calculated energy demand of the building for space heating is 49 kWh/m2. A part of this demand could be provided through using thermal and photovoltaic systems uon the roof. A ventilation system along with shading systems in the balconies prevents the building from overheating in summer.

Using tools and techniques for energy demand calculations and life cycle assessment the total energy requirements and environmental effects of the proposed residence could be managed and planned well.

Conclusion

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Saira Enam | Bangladesh Franziska Meyer | Germany

Student living in nature & city

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213 mm x 213 mm 300dpi

Concept The most special feature of this site is the proximity to nature in the Ilmpark, the city center and a lot of other students (due to existing student halls and the music university).

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A building here should combine all these three elements. Students should feel like being in nature while having access to urban opportunities and meeting other students.

Inspired by the combination of nature and city of this site the closed nutrition cycle of nature was taken as an example. The aim is to achieve a bulding with a closed material cycle.

A shading system is designed to take advantage of the suns‘s changing inclination. During summer the sun is higher so the shades block the direct heat, however, during winter the low inclination allows the heating of the rooms. More glazing to the east and more thermal mass to the west can even out temperature swings from the sun‘s radiation. site plan

The sun‘s inclination throughout the year

3D section of one floor

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Ground floor plan

First floor plan

Typical floor plan

Section

North elevation

The orientation of the building was derived from the existing plaza focusing on the interaction between the students.

Therefore, a wide staircase leads from the plaza to the first floor. The public zone is placed on the ground floor.

The student hall contains appartments for four students each. They have their private room for sleeping and studying. The living and cooking area are shared to encourage social interaction. The roofs of the lower buildings are used as shared terrace and gardens.

There is a bicycle parking area and storage on the ground floor. This area is connected to the first floor with an internal staircase which is only used by the students of this apartment only.

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The project “living in nature and city” aims for a closed material cycle. The energy concept was not the primary focus, but as the energy demand of the building leads to a consumption of resources during the use phase a general energy calculation was done. The aim was to a achieve a building that is respecting the German EnEV and consumes less than 100 kWh/m2 per year.

The primary energy demand in the use phase of the building is 76 kWh/m2. Because of a conventional heating system the total needed energy is provided by non-renewable energy sources. The use of renewable energy could be improved by using a soil/water heat pump.

Konzept Energy

Primary energy demand of the bulding

Due to it‘s production, transportation, demolition and waste treatment a certain amount of energy respectively CO2 is „embodied“ in the materials. Thanks to the wooden structure of the building the embodied PENRT & GWP are reduced to 1/3 compared to a concrete structure with a thermal insulation composite system. The end of life scenario includes the burning of the wood and the use of the delivered energy. This energy is accounted for as a benefit for the building.

During it’s growth phase trees capture CO2.

The production phase therefore leads to a negative value for the GWP. At the end of it’s life the CO2 is liberated through it’s burning but the use of fossil energy sources are avoided.

Embodied primary non-renewable energy demand (PERNT) & embodied global warming potential (GWP)

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sunlight

Material

oxygen fruits leaves

nutritions carbondioxid

bacteria mushrooms

animal humans excrement

Ceilings: The ceilings consist of prefabricated hybrid elements made of local wood and recycled concrete. The elements includes the insulation and building equipment like water pipes and wires. Thanks to the modular design an easy and fast deconstruction of the building at it’s end of life is possible. Afterwards the wall-elements can be disassembled on site. The concrete may be used for the production of recycled concrete again. The wood can be used as raw material for wood chips. The copper from water pipes and wires take part in the established metal recycling. A small amount of waste that will probably not be recycled remains. But by choosing these prefabricated elements this amount is minimized.

Natural nutrition cycle

wall element with wooden facaden

Realizing a closed material cycle is the main goal of this project. Renewable or recyclable materials were used as input. By using detachable joints and prefabricated elements a design for disassembly was seeked.

Facade: Following the design concept the facade is made of wood with a natural and untreated look. Elements for creating a green facade are added. The connection to nature and the park is highlighted and the local climate is improved. A curtain-wall structure was chosen to assure easy disassembly and recyclability. By using a “clic”-fixation system single façade elements can be switched.

Walls: The walls are prefabricated wood elements.

Windows: Because of the wooden design wood frames would fit into the appearance of the building. Unfortunately wood frames aren‘t recycled to wood frames again. The material can only be used as wood scraps or wood fibers. PVC-windows however are recycled to PVC-window-frames by “rewindo“. The windows and the orientation are therefore an example that environmental approaches and design aspect are sometimes opposed to each other. Here the triple-glazed PVC windows were chosen.

Ceiling: prefabricated wood-concrete hybrid element 1) wood; 2) insulation (glas wool); 3) air; 4) wood; 5)c oncrete

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The main aim of the project was to provide a comfortable student hall that combines the feeling of beeing in nature and urban accomodities and interaction with other students.

Conclusion

At the same time the building should not consume more than 100 kWh/m2*a and reach a closed material cycle. The use of renewable or recycled materials and detachable joints was therefore seeked.

By creating common place in the appartments, on the groundfloor of the building and an orientation towards the existing student halls and their well-used plaza the aim of a creating social building could be reached.

The use of insulation, the reduction of a primary used glas facade leeds to a primary energy demand of 76 kWh/m2*a.

The idea of creating a closed material worked for several materials and constructions.

By using prefabricated elements for the ceilings and walls or detachable joints for the facade and flooring a good recycability was achieved. Despite the effort for a closed loop it couldn‘t be reached for all the materials and constructions.

Due to the needed waterproofness and thermal insulation no sufficient roof construction could be found.

Due to the importance of details in the buiding structure further studies of the project will probably leed to further improvments.

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Maria Chiara Cornacchia I Italy Alexandra Barbar | Lebanon

Students‘ Square

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Concept

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The building is placed on the upper part of the city Weimar, Germany. It is between two other student housing and a music university. There are two main visual axes: the southern and the eastern. The area of the site is about 417 square meters.

The Students‘ Square project aims to provide a healthy physicalan psychological environment for it‘s residents through providing privacy for each student‘s unit but having also a visual interaction between all the study spaces through the floors. That is accomplished by using energy efficient and reusable materials.

51

Design The ground floor creates a meeting point to be shared with the other students‘ halls.

External corridors with metal sheets are provided to protect the building from the northern and western wind, rain and sun.

52

Typical plan

West elevation.

Winter sun path

Section

Energy

Results from CAALA analysis

Heated volume: Not heated volume:

2290 m³

Solar PV/Thermal collectors: Scheme of building

Results from CAALA analysis

200 m³ 150 m²

Thanks to the wooden structure of the buling the embodied PENRT & GWP are reduced to 1/3 compared to a concrete structure with an external thermal insulation composite system.

The production of the raw wood is supplied by renewable solar energy. Only transportation and converting lead to a consumption of nonrenewable energy. The end of life scenario includes the burning of the wood and the use of the delivered energy. This energy is assumed as a benefit/credit for the building.

Similar reasons explain the small amount of embodied CO2-equivalents looking at the global warming potential. During it’s growth trees capture CO2. At the end of it’s life the CO2 is liberated avoiding the use of fossil energy sources.

Due to it‘s production, transportation, demolition and waste treatment a certain amount of energy respectivly CO2 is „embodied“ in the materials.

53

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Descrizione:

Particolare:

Balcone realizzato come elemento di continuità del solaio a travetti Collegamenti alla parete sottostante tramite viti di ancoraggio

Collegamento balcone N° Sc

Structure of outdoor corridors powered by TIMBERTECH.it

T8-2

1

Thanks to the wooden structure of the buling the embodied PENRT and GWP are reduced to 1/3 compared to a concrete structure with an external thermal insulation composite system. During the design‘s process, a lot of attemption has been paid to ensure dry connection between the materials by using screws or metal plates. Natural and renewable materials have been chosen when possible, such as wood fiber insulation.

View from the oudoor corridors

Conclusion

View from the northen side

55

Francesca Gadusso I Italie Anne GroĂ&#x; | Germany

Walter 2x3

57

Concept

view from University side | upper square and access to shared roof garden

58

A

HITECTURE RC

SOCIAL

REUSE

ENERGY

PASSIVE

MA

T

ER

IA L

graphic of the concept

The design for the project Walter 2x3 is a student house optimized for the needs of temporary living during the studies. The design concept focuses on shared space. Private space is limited to the minimum of the need of a young adult (6m²) and ready-furnished.

Activities such as practicing music, domestic work and studying also take place in the building‘s shared space as socialising activities.

For each activity, there are separated units following the modular size of 6m². The box units are connected with the wooden frame structure and separated to the envelope by a 30 cm layer. To connect the surrounding buildings there is the shared garden on the building roof, which is open to everyone. view from University side | upper square and access to shared roof garden

59

entrance

Desgin

study room

bathroom

kitchen

shared space

private space

2nd,3rd,4th floor | shared space 74% of the surface, private space 26% of the surface

laundry workshop space

music room

WC

entrance

bar

shared space private space | ready-furnished box 6m²

60

ground floor | 100% shared space

bikes recovery private space section | heated box system with the unheated shared space

Climat

calcualtion in flow design | main direction of the wind

air movement of a single box hot air is leaving throug the upper window

Study room

bathroom

sun postion during the year

air movement of the box in the house system

The northern part of the building is mostly in shadow so this low-lightned part is used for bedrooms. The shared space where most of the activities are happening is manly unheated. The southern position gets the most of the daily sunlight.

Therefore here there are more windows to collect the sun heat in winter and for fresh air in summer.

Kitchen 2nd,3rd,4th floor

61

1:50

plants

Material The interior walls are made of prefabricated wood and clay-based loadbearing panels.

The focus here beside the inside climate is on the deconstruction part. The prefabricated itself makes it easy and fast the dismantlement(disassembly). To avoid a cleaning reprocessing phase for the materials a clay render is used.

filtering layer anti-root layer ground

sealing separator layer inclination screed

draining layer

separator layer wooden board wooden beam

drainage pipe green roof layers | Besides adding an additional space, the garden in the top gives a free insulation to the roof

1:50 125

wood structure clay

2 16

22

4

heating pipes wood panel

1:10 reused material for the windows and the facade

62

structure of the prefabricated panels

WTH - Brettschichtholz Nadelholz

ein tz ichtholz Nadelholz

Schrauben

Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Jede Vervielfältigung oder Nutzung außerhalb rbRWTH ~ Sehr gut! ~

Zerstörungsfrei lösbar (A)

An- und Einpressen

Seminars sind untersagt.

Infos: pschwan@rb.arch.rwth-aachen.de -!-!- Diese Version istdes eine beta-Version zu Studienzwecken.

Es besteht kein Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Jede Vervielfältigung oder Nutzung außerhalb des Seminars sind untersagt. Infos: pschwan@rb.arch.rwth-aachen.de -!-

Bewertung Fügung Wand Schichten

Fügung

rbRWTH - Lehmstein rbRWTH - Lehmputz FügungNadelholz rbRWTH - Brettschichtholz

9 rbRWTH - Lehmstein 18 rbRWTH - Lehmputz 01 rbRWTH - Brettschichtholz Nadelholz

Einordnung

A

unter Zerstörung lösbar, sortenrein (B) Zerstörungsfrei lösbar (A) A (A) B C D Zerstörungsfrei lösbar

An- und Einpressen Zusammensetzen Einordnung An- und Einpressen

An- und Einpressen unter Zerstörung lösbar, sortenrein (B) Zusammensetzen Zerstörungsfrei lösbar (A) Übersicht Berechnung Wand Zerstörungsfrei lösbar (A) Anund Einpressen

graue Energie (MJ)

Quelle

0.015 0.240 0.025

1000 0 515

0.07 0.00 -1.50

10.82 0.00 -193.13

Landesagentur für Umwelt und Arbeitsschutz - 2014 ~keine Angabe~ ~keine Angabe~

Quelle

Übersicht Berechnung Wand GWP (kg CO²-Ä)

graue Energie (MJ)

Quelle

0.015 0.240 0.025

1000 0 515

0.07 0.00 -1.50

10.82 0.00 -193.13

Landesagentur für Umwelt und Arbeitsschutz - 2014 ~keine Angabe~ ~keine Angabe~

graue Energie (MJ)

0.015 0.240 0.025

1000 0 515

0.07 0.00 -1.50

10.82 0.00 -193.13

Lehmstein Lehmputz Brettschichtholz Nadelholz

Brettschichtholz Nadelholz

Dichte (kg/m³)

GWP (kg CO²-Ä)

rbRWTH

Lehmputz

Volumen pro m²-Konstruktion

Dichte (kg/m³)

Quelle

Kommentar

rbRWTH

Lehmstein

GWP (kg CO²-Ä)

Volumen pro m²-Konstruktion

D

rbRWTH

Dichte (kg/m³)

99 rbRWTH - Lehmstein 118 rbRWTH - Lehmputz Übersicht Berechnung Wand 1001 rbRWTH - Brettschichtholz Nadelholz

C

rbRWTH

Volumen pro m²-Konstruktion

rbID Material

B

Bewertung Fügung Wand

Verkeilen Aufsetzen/Schichten Fügungsgruppe Schrauben

Verkeilen Aufsetzen/Schichten Schrauben

ID Material

Fügungsgruppe

Kommentar ~ Gut! ~ ~ Sehr gut! ~ ~ Sehr gut! ~

~ Gut! ~ ~ Sehr gut! ~ ~ Sehr gut! ~

Conclusion Grundriss Wandkonstruktion M 1:10

The energy to build the construction gave a really positive result. Although the operational energy which is the one used by building during its lifetime can be improved with a more efficient heating system.

Quelle 1 & 2 | evaluation of the construction of the prefabricate panels Landesagentur für Umwelt und Arbeitsschutz - 2014 ~keine Angabe~ ~keine Angabe~

Primary energy non renewable (PENRT)

Global warming potential (GWP)

16

4

148

32

132

28

kWh/(m²NFA-a)

kgCO2-e(m²NFA-a)

Embodied

Embodied

Operational

Operational

1 & 2 | evaluation with caarla about the energy use foucus is here on the operational demand

63

Imprint

© 2016 Environmental design strategies contact Prof. Dr.-Ing. Linda Hildebrand lhildebrand@rb.arch.rwth-aachen.de Dr. Alexander Hollberg a.hollberg@caala.de participants Davide Gaudiello, Tonia Schmitz, Lucas Spranger, Moazam Iqbal, Gülçin Orakçı, Saira Enam, Franziska Meyer, Maria Chiara Cornacchia, Alexandra Barbar, Francesca Gadusso, Anne Groß

Grafik: Anne Groß

Bauhaus Summer School 64