Design guide part 2 by Alexander Farr

PUBLIC REALM ASPIRATIONS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Design Guide provides an overview and critical design analysis of the Broomhill area to assist in the ongoing consultation and production of the Broomhill Neighbourhood Plan. Our methodology included first hand experience of the area in question, coupled with ongoing consultation with both BBEST and other interested groups. The outcomes of this research included mapping exercises to assist in communicating key issues but largely focused on communicating key character areas and exploration of positives contributions to be encouraged. Exploration was undertaken on two main avenues of improvement for Broomhill: the retail core and associated traffic concerns, and the public realm including key active travel potentials. The guide tables a sequence of proposals (what?) for the community to engage with during consultation. Taking the findings of the guide forward, we propose that the guide forms the basis of an ongoing series of consultations with the local communities. It is intended to also form part of the groundwork for the evidence base supporting the Neighbourhood Plan, and it is hoped that the explorations contained within will inform design decisions in the area.

CONTENTS

9 11 13 15 17 19

INTRODUCTION Stakeholders Project Timeline Baseline Studies Current Issues + Future Aspirations Community Consultation

31 BBEST RETAIL DISTRICT 33 Conservation 45 1970s Retail Complex + Surrounding Public Realm 69 ACTIVE TRAVEL CORRIDORS GREEN + OPEN SPACES 70 Route A 84 Route B 94 Route C (Enhanced Cycling Routes) 101 Hidden Routes + Ginnels

INTRODUCTION The production of the Design Guide has been undertaken as a joint endeavour between the Sheffield School of Architecture (SSoA) Live Projects group and BBEST, representing Broomhill in the development of a Neighbourhood Plan for the area. The Live Project team, after a period of consultation with BBEST and a range of local organisations, has assembled a body of information to assist and support ongoing consultation and production of the plan. In the document, we will discuss the methodology and consultation undertaken, as well as display key elements of Broomhill through a series of mapping exercises. The Design Guide aims to set out general best practices and existing exemplary design in the area, and effectively communicate the successes and failings of each element. These have also fed into the character area appraisals within Broomhill, describing the key features and qualities of the area and how development can be controlled to maintain this quality. Two key design areas were uncovered and explored: the retail core, and the public realm including active travel improvements. These areas have been considered in more depth, detailing existing conditions, together with tabling proposals for potential improvements across multiple timescales. We hope the Design Guide proves beneficial as a reference and consultation tool for the ongoing development of the Neighbourhood Plan, but also during implementation.

STAKEHOLDER DIAGRAM A stakeholder diagram was drawn up to identify and map the key players and stakeholders for whom the design guide, and by extension the Neighbourhood Plan, was intended to inform and assist. The diagram identifies a formally traditional approach to the planning system, with BBEST, acting as agents for the neighbourhood, directly utilizing the Plan to communicate local desires and development intention to the Local Authority and ultimately National Government.

National Government

Sheffield City Council (SCC)

Neighbourhood Plan Design Guide

BBEST Live Project Group

Local Community Forum Peter Marsh | Emily Pieters

Commuters + Non-residents of Broomhill

Alex / Alexandra / Andy / Bin Kaia / Kat / Philippos / Rob Robbie / Samya / Shaohao / Shulin

BROOMHILL COMMUNITY

Interest + Hobby Groups

Retail + Business Owners Schools, Parents + Pupils Local Residents Landlords Universities + Resident Students Hospitals

King Edward VII Upper School Broomhill Infant School Birkdale (+ Preparatory) School Westbourne School Sheffield High School Ashdell Preparatory School

Pat McGrath Director of Accommodation + Commercial Services

JUNE 1975

MAY 2010

SSoA HELP CREATE FIRST BROOMHILL FESTIVAL

CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT

A group of students from the School of Architecture begin to organise the first Broomhill Festival

Conservative-Liberal Coalition come into power

OCT 2011

2013

LOCALISM ACT 2011

BBEST FOUNDED

Neighbourhood planning introduced giving communities the statutory power to make planning priorities for their area, and to engage in community development projects.

By Peter Marsh and others

APRIL 2014

OCT 2014

BBEST HOST BOUNDARY CONSULTATION

BBEST make an application to designate a neighbourhood area and forum. Designating a neighbourhood area and forum is the first stage in the neighbourhood plan process.

NOV 2014

BROOMHILL FUTURES SSoA Live Projects begin.

BROOMHILL FUTURES - HANDOVER

Presentation and official hand-over during BBEST AGM (25th November)

DEC 2014

CONTINUATION OF NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN BBEST (along with Emily Pieters begin a continuation of the work provided by the Broomhill Futures Live Project group.

MAY 2015

GENERAL ELECTION

Further changes to building/development Acts

2016 onwards

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN SUBMISSION BBEST plan to submit their plan to the local authority and national government

BASE LINE STUDIES

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Improving bus stops

Lack of continuous cycle lane

Heavy bus traffic and congestion

Long bus routes that donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t appropriately serve the west of city

Improve public realm outside of No connection between Weston Providing accessibility and shops, enhancing Park and Crookes Valley Park way-finding to existing spaces shoppersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; experience

Enhancing and defining a strong Lack of access and way-finding identity for Broomhill centre to green spaces

Ghost town during August

Identifying key travel nodes

To protect key views and vistas when thinking about new developments

Loss of features

Loss of mature trees

New developments to be sympathetic to character areas

Lack of appropriate spaces for different groups

Make people aware of the important of keeping character for the future

Incoherent shop frontage

More affordable housing for low income families and the elderly

Not enough rules and regulations

Introducing enhanced cycle routes

Heavy car traffic due to number of schools

Enhanced green walking routes

Busy pedestrian traffic on narrow paths

Improved way-finding

Unsuitable for disabled people

Community intervention and maintenance of existing green spaces

Existing green spaces on the peripheries of Broomhill

Cohesive community promoting participation

Space standards for student properties

Lack of green space in centre of Broomhill

Under-utilised green space outside the Library

Local character threatened as chains move into central retail area

Activating existing green spaces

Sustaining independent businesses

Traffic and parking a problem for shoppers

Developments in the area following improved standards and regulations

Lack of possibility for using the street/pavement for street serving/outlets

Key buildings hidden

CURRENT ISSUES + FUTURE ASPIRATIONS

COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

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WHAT IFS At the BBest AGM we presented â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;What Ifâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; visions for Broomhill. To instigate dialogue the architectural interventions proposed addressed issues we had perceived from initial mapping of the area. The visuals illustrated the potential outcomes we could offer the design guide, the scale of interventions possible and quality of spaces that could be proposed.

SCHOOL WORKSHOP The junior students from Sheffield High School took part in a participation event the Live Project organised to engage children in the future vision of Broomhill. Structured around the themes of green spaces, retail and travel 20 year 5 students (aged 9-10) discussed the issues, character qualities and future proposals for Broomhill.

GREEN SPACES Green spaces such as parks, gardens and walking routes in Broomhill were mapped so pupils could pinpoint the positive attributes of these spaces. Green sites in need of improvement or development were analysed and how activities appealing to children could be introduced. Future events could improve the use of green spaces and encourage youth involvement in care and maintenance of green spaces.

RETAIL Pupils drew their vision for future streets of Broomhill understanding the benefit of independent retailers and how they can support the area. The outcomes illustrated the impact of shop design and frontage in reanimating the street.

TRAVEL Asking the pupils in which area they lived and how they travelled to school we mapped the movement through Broomhill. Discussions on how walking, driving and taking the bus impacts on pedestrian and vehicular flow through the area highlighted the pressures of movement experienced in Broomhill. 28

BBEST APPENDIX RETAIL DISTRICT This chapter to improve Broomhillâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shopping precinctligula and Lorem ipsumexplores dolor sitavenues amet, consectetuer adipiscing central elit. Aenean commodo surrounding retail area. The retail situated at the intersection between Fulwood eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum area sociisis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient Road, Whitham Road and Glossop Thefelis, mid-19th century retail centre eu, has montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Road. DonecSince quam ultricies nec,the pellentesque operated with a variety of local independent shops and more recently chain stores. The pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla retail centre is divided between the localised character of the traditional Victorian buildings vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, of Broomhill and a more recent 1970s modernist shopping precinct. The character of the venenatis vitae, justo. Nullamdiluted dictum eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. area is becoming increasingly byfelis an incoherent approach to streetscape, signage Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper shopping nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus. and a poorly maintained precinct.

Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante,chapter dapibus in, viverra quis, offeugiat a, tellus. Phasellus in viverra nulla metus This reviews the condition the current built environment the area and ut highlights where possible alterations could be made. Interventions are proposed at a variety of scales varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. from smaller adaptations to larger longer term plans for the centre.

CONSERVATION

D OA DR O O LW FU

W HI TH AM

The commercial core of Broomhill is situated at the intersection between Fulwood Road, Whitham Road and Glossop Road. Since the mid-19th century this has been the shopping and commercial centre. Current mapping illustrates the diversity of retail types, the number of cafes in the area and the location of 4 of the 5 conservation area pubs. Support of local independent businesses is particularly important for future sustainability of the area.

RO AD

COMMERCIAL CORE

GLOSSOP ROAD

Key Mainstream Business Independent Retail Cafe Pub Takeaway, Fast Food Community, Health, Religious

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SIGNAGE AND SHOP FRONT AESTHETICS The signage and style of shop fronts informs the identity and character of the commercial core. The impact of material choices, colour palettes and style of shop design should be considered demonstrating an awareness and sympathy to the street context. Signage and furniture on the street should also be considered as it can impede pedestrian movement and ease of access.

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COHERENCE OF STREETSCAPE Co-ordinated faรงade design creates visual balance and rhythm of the streetscape. Successful examples street structure in Broomhill includes the terraced shops on Glossop Road. Consistent widow style between shops, recessed doorways creating a clear threshold and fascia boards following the decline of ground level creates a uniform, aesthetically pleasing streetscape. In contrast Fulwood Road, which has a similar three storey terraced shop typology, appears more disjointed. Inconsistent proportioning, differing relationships to storeys above and divergent scales and arrangement creates a more fragmented shop arrangement.

Fulwood Road

Glossop Road

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1970s RETAIL COMPLEX AND SURROUNDING PUBLIC REALM

Introduction to Broomhill’s Shopping Precinct 212–226 Fulwood Road is a 1970s inclusion to Broomhills shopping centre. The building is unfortunately out of keeping with the local character of the area and has become increasingly outdated and under maintained. The non-descript modern building has a brown brick façade with PVC windows unlike buildings of the area which are Victorian, built from stone and have traditionally wooden windows. Some stone cladding has been integrated into façade in an attempt to be contextual but falls vastly wide of the mark. The precinct has a large footfall but has a poor urban realm with cars being given precedence over pedestrians. Herringbone car parking spaces at the front of the precinct are well used but leave a narrow path for the amount of footfall the precinct receives. The white wooden canopy masks the building above but gives an enclosed, claustrophobic effect to users below. The competing signage of each shop gives a cluttered street front with each store vying for individual attention at the expense of the overall building. The buildings overall appearance needs a general face lift and shop stores should be ordered to aid the process by adopting a framework for signage. The following pages provide an in-depth review of the issues surrounding 212–226 Fulwood Road and suggest interventions of how the centre could be improved.

ISSUES

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ACTIVE TRAVEL CORRIDORS + GREEN OPEN SPACES This chapter explores various scales of intervention for improving the public realm within Broomhill. It focuses on spaces around three key active routes that pass through the area and terminate on the edge of the city ring road. Through public realm enhancements such as: defending pathways, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;greeningâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; otherwise urban fabrics and enhancing cycling networks, could begin to aid the vision for a sustainable future for Broomhill. The area has the potential to establish a series of successful spaces along the active routes, which could take advantage of local amenities and the natural environment.

*/012)#$%&''()*'+(),)-.! ulwood Road is one of the primary routes into the city centre from West Sheffield. Car traffic, pedestrians and cyclists simultaneously use the road and surrounding public realm as a means of getting from aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. This sees key nodes along the route experience extremely high volumes of mixed traffic at peak moments throughout the day with visible negative conse uences. As a conse uence of this, some methods of travel, such as walking and cycling become inhibited and undesirable. Areas of study have been highlighted as spaces of opportunity for public realm improvements, which will see direct benefit to all those who use the route, focusing upon more sustainable methods of transport and an improved pedestrian experience along the route. !"

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234566#*768# #$%$&'(&)*+,-./,01 A part of Broomhillâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, and for that fact Sheffieldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban characteristics, are the high flanking stone walls that we see running parallel to roads through residential areas. These act as a buffer to properties adjacent to the road, defending against traffic pollution (both air uality and noise). Although this is an obvious benefit to residents of these homes that line the streets, it does however make walking and cycling routes through these areas intimidating, both during the day and night. isually and physically cars and roads take precedent over other methods of transport. A more drastic solution to develop the experience of these routes could be to suggest further private wall improvements or developments could look to drop the level of the walls; this would create a slightly more open and inviting route. However it could be argued that this may change the character of the area too much. ! ! A smaller scale intervention that could take advantage of green fingersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; that already exist along these routes could see the uality of the streetscape dramatically improve. By reversing what are currently redundant green sections, to run directly parallel to the road, this could begin to distance those using the paths away from dangers of the busy roads. If space allows, planting small trees along the green fingers would then allow for further buffering against traffic pollution.! !"

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123456771+4819412: #$%&'(%&)*+,-&.%&)*+*/,,)+.0($,. The BBEST defined area for Broomhill has a low ratio of open public land (such as parks) to the footprint of the entire area (in comparison to other residential districts in Sheffield that also neighbour with the Central Business District). This is an constraint that is difficult to physically change as there simply is not enough space to develop any future large public parks. Therefore a more practical solution must be sought to encourage and activate existing spaces. This can be achieved through providing experiences that people are unable to participate in their own homes and gardens. It has been proven for example that providing outdoor gym e uipment, natural play space and leisure facilities (such as pop up theaters) in parks has raised use numbers, but also created a greater level of experience within parks. An example space that could warrant a proposal could be that of Endcliffe Crescent. The expansive central green, which is currently only used lightly during the beginnings of the Summer by students and by a select number of residents to walk dogs, could be further utilised through simple strategic moves. Providing outdoor gym e uipment to be shared by locals and students could develop on the existing health trail around the student village, whilst encouraging a more inclusive niversity residential bond. Through this, a more dynamic route could also be provided through the green as part of a pedestrian cycle route from the Botanical Gardens to ulwood Road and beyond. !"

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345678)97:537;5 #$%%&'&()*+%),+-..'&()/-0.1%2 A key area of urban public realm is the commercial centre of Broomhill. The focus of this study is looking into ways to improve the environmental uality for temporary users of the space; this could include those passing through, or for those using the retail facilities whilst progressing to their destination. Appropriate solutions to tackle issues within the retail sector holistically, are raised in the Retailâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; chapter within this document. Sheffield City Council have been monitoring the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO!) content of air along the A 7 through Broomhill (and in other parts of the city) for over ten years, providing clear evidence that NO! pollution in Broomhill exceeds maximum E permissible levels. Aside from reducing traffic, there are other solutions to clean up air uality in urban environments. Retrofitting green wall technologies to structures are proven to encourage biodiversity, improve air uality, reduce the heat island effect and also improve aesthetics. As a larger scale proposal, a large section of the 1970s retail facade could be covered in a modular or mat green wall system. An example already existing in Sheffield can be seen on the wall of a medium-si ed supermarket ( arks Spencer) along Ecclesall Road. !"

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678#9:,;9<869=8 #$$%&$%'()'*+,)-.,/*0.%1/)'2'3.0,4(%,$(%5 Car parking is heavily used in the Broomhill commercial area, with spaces directly outside the shops and the council car park to the rear of the 1970s shopping complex near fully occupied throughout the day. Despite the arguments for and against parking in Broomhillâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s commercial district, there is a space that could be utilised further to benefit the public and the owner of the existing car park above the 1970s shopping complex. As a car park, it rarely is full or even half occupied. The reasons for this are explored in the Retailâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; chapter. arious options for an alternative use for the under-used car park could be considered. Temporary bars, caf s, urban garden spaces and other leisure uses have been precedent to the revitalisation of similar structures. These activities could improve the experience of the commercial centre as a whole, taking advantage of the uni ue location and the vistas across the city. rban agriculture could be encouraged, building on Sheffieldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strong affection towards allotments and sustainable food production. In addition to this economical benefits from an increasing number of visitors and temporary activity rates from an otherwise unused car park, could further incentivise the owner of the building to develop a similar proposal.

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345678)97:537;5 #$%%&'()*+,-.)/0)/12)./,22/ Along the A 7 located on Parker’s Lane is both a council car park and public park. The park once contained a children’s play space, however due to opposition from the local residents due to high noise levels the children’s play provision was removed. The park itself is still of importance, with local residents and workers using the space during lunch and leisure breaks throughout the year.! ! As part of public realm improvements the site could be used in a number of different formations to improve the uality of the street face. Both of the following suggestions involve moving the car park away from the pedestrian pathways, to the rear of Parker’s Lane. This aims to improve the visual and environmental uality of the street for all those using the route as a method of travel towards the city centre.! ! The first of proposals looks to take advantage of the location (an area of high footfall). The site is only a minutes walk from the main commercial centre of Broomhill, "#$%!&!'(&))!*+(,-.!/0!#'/)&$-1!'%/2'!$%&$!3+..-*$)4!&22-&.!1#'3/**-3$-1!0./(!$%-! main retail centre. By moving the car park to the rear, and creating market spaces to the front of the street it could further provide a draw to existing businesses adjacent to the site and extend’ the highstreet further down the A 7. The second proposal aims to green the reversal of the car park and the public park; again moving the cars away from the street and drawing the green space to the fore. !"

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-4567,8 #$%&'()*(+,-.$/,0,12.)).3,-.$/ anchester and Glossop Roads are one of the primary routes into the city centre from North-West Sheffield and anchester itself. Route B progresses down through the Broomhill commercial core and down towards the hospitals district. Again, car traffic, pedestrians and cyclists simultaneously use the road and surrounding public realm as a means of travel. Areas of study towards the hospitals district have been highlighted as spaces of opportunity for public realm improvements, which will see direct benefit to all those who use the route, focusing upon more sustainable methods of transport and an improved pedestrian experience along the route. !"

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234567832+9:5#2;856 #$%%&'()%*+,&-&.(/)0%+/$1(&. Due to the high volumes of traffic and location of Broomhill, it finds itself with a number of important traffic nodes; routing traffic to all areas of the city. Due to this there are a large number of visually impermeable spaces and disconnected pathways interrupted by roads.! ! A suggested proposal that could be reflected across similar situations is that of introduction traffic-calming shared surfaces and crossing improvements; this can reduce the dominance of the car over pedestrians. !"

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123*4"5671*189"5: "#$%&'$%()*+,-.%#*/+'#0/ Broomhill has a high number of both local and private primary and secondary schools, with thousands of children using the public realm to travel to and from school along walking routes. St arkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s S uare is public park that is sparsely used, as it is not apparent at first glance that it is indeed a public space. School sometimes use the space for sports activities during the summer, but other than that it lays dormant. In this instance by creating a pathway along a desire line towards another public place (St arkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chuch) that passes through the park, it shall inadvertently activate the park. Again the use of pedestrian-friendly materials could line the road at a key crossing point. !!

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23456789+:647;6#7 #$%%&'()%*+,&-&.(/)0%+/$1(&. The Hospital District is sandwiched between both major routes into the city centre, with congested roads running adjacent. Due to the sheer volume of traffic passing by, the opposite side of the road and all its commercial residents become somewhat detached.! ! Public realm improvements in this area could look to take advantage of the existing green space along Glossop Road and the desirable caf opposite. By introducing pedestrian-orientated crossings that do not take obscure or lengthy routes could begin to develop a more connected district. !"

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34567%8 #$%&$'($)&*%)+),-$.%/012& We have seen an increasing participation in cycling in Sheffield, providing an opportunity for Broomhill to adapt and encourage further sustainable transport use. Although a number of cycle routes, lanes and junctions have been designated by the city council, many of these are inconsistent and come to abrupt stops. In addition to this poor road surfaces make many routes dangerous. The universities are obviously key players in terms of numbers of active cyclists within Broomhill. The future approach for both universities is to continue to provide further cycle storage and routes on campus and in halls of residence. However what is perhaps being overlooked, is their commitment to the routes off-site that both their staff and students use to get to university. A more coherent strategy is needed to work with those providing our roads to work in parallel with the universities and cycling residents of Broomhill to develop an enhanced cycling network.

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