ALEXANDRO MEDINA
BECA MARCELO ZAMBRANO 2013
PROFESSIONAL//RESEARCH
INDEX///
01 Mireyas House A Model for Imigrant House Mexico City. Mexico
02 Mexico 2030 Intermediate Cities. Mexico
03 New School
Arts xico CitiesOf Situation
ACADEMIC
Monterrey.Mexico
People with ideas
water
04 San Luis Potosi Campus Competition
San Luis Potosi. Mexico
education
architects
urbanist jobs
PRESENT
politics
05
portationPlataforma Local
teachers families
local
plataforma urbana
kids
Plataforma Local
economics
01
MIREYA’S HOUSE A MODEL FOR IMIGRANT HOUSE
Who is Mireya? Mireya is the cleaning lady from JSa, the architecture office, where I have worked for two years. She is a migrant from a rural area of Tabasco, in the south of Mexico. She approached me with the hope that I could design and plan construction for her house with a budget of $12,000 dollars, on her land in the Mexican suburbs of Ciudad Neza. What is Ciudad Neza? Ciudad Neza was born in the 1980s with the migration phenomenom from the rural areas to this city.
The Migration Phenomenom Route and its consequences at urban sprawl outside Mexico City 100% 1,136,300 Habitants 48% 454,520 Born in Mexico City living in Ciudad Neza 52% 681,780 Different States Incluiding USA Migration 67% 761,321 Not Born in Estado de Mexico 2% 17,000 Speak Indiginous Languages SOURCE INEGI CENSUS 2006
CONTEXT///
1,136,300 Hab
4 X
50% 262,434 SelfConstruction
93% 262,434 With aTV
23% 66,309 With a Computer
94% 264,811 Count Electricity
92% 260,201 Count with sanitary
7% 19,614 Just One Bedroom
5% 10,251 Soil Floor
100% 277,763 houses
Neza Housing Conditions
The split program allows for flexibility and au-
Patio como extension visual de el area privada
17m
4m
Patio como extension visual de el area publica
Private
Flex
Public
Services
Patio como extension visual de ambas areas a 1/2
07
10
Servicios
Area publica
The house’s organization is divided in 4 parts: service area, public area, flexiible area, and private area. Creating a buffer from the street, which is in the noisiest and busiest zone of town, amilioarates all externalities to the interior.
Patio Flexible
The idea of this house is to be totally livable to the interior; the patio works as a flexible extension of the house.
Area Privada
MIREYA’S HOUSE///
5.Parasoles
9.Variable dos casas
2.Muros laterales
6. Entrepiso Madera
10.Variable Terrazas intercaladas A
3. Casacaron de concreto
7..Entrepiso family room
11.Variable Terrazas intercaladas B
4. Losa de concreto
8.Losa tercer recamara
11.Variable C
01
08
1.Cimentacion
MIREYA’S HOUSE/// Concrete block $ 10dlls x m2 +5.60m
+5.20m Concrete Slab $ 30xdlls x m2 +4.80m Wood Brisolei from recycled wood $20 dlls transportation
Concrete block $ 10dlls x m2 Wood floor $ 20dlls x m2 +2.40m +2.20m Wood Brisolei from recycled wood $ 20dlls transportation
Concrete block $ 10dlls x m2
-40m DT-03
Concrete Slab $ 20dlls x m2 -0.00m
-0.40m
Concrete foundation with rocks $ 20dlls x m2
09
10
01
10
Area publica
Patio Flexible
Area Privada
After All, Mireya´s House is about dignifying a low income family house in an unpleasan environment, it is a change in direction surrounded by a negative current.
02
MEXICO.2030
This is the story of MEXICO, a country whose geographical and social cultures have sometimes taken it far to be inside the elite First world, but now these same elements have taken it to its rebirth and an arise that the whole world has the opportunity to see. The so called backyard of the United States has the oppotunity to shine through several situations of which the world never thought Mexico could take advantage. In a world where every model of economy and government has failed in a certain way, and in the 1980s the Soviet Union’s communism proved to be unsuccessful, and we now see the world crisis and the failed attempts of capitalism to recover. The 2001 projection about the BRIC’S countries did not go as we thought. Their economical growth rates did not surprise, and China, the market and king of world economy, stopped growing at its current rates. Now Mexico, a country that has always looked for outside solutions, rather than inside, the country that with superficial imitations tried to pursue the stability and resources. Now it is Mexico’s turn to reevaluate their own efforts and traditions that are going to take Mexico to the next level. This is not just for the better of the people, but to be used for an example as a Latinamerican country ready to step up.
MEXICO.NOW//////////ECONOMY It is important to pay attention in two countries. First, Brazil, as a comparable economy from Latin America and, next, China as major exporter to the US
Brazil Russia India China Mexico
The Economist
2008
2010
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14
2012
Mexico’s economy grew 4.6 percent in the first three months of 2012, the fastest pace in six quarters, and it is set to outpace Brazil for a second year, according to the median forecasts of economists surveyed by Bloomberg. Mexico’s rate compares with less than 1 percent in the U.S. and Europe. Last period, Brazil cut its Selic rate to a record low 8 percent to boost its stalling economy as indebted consumers facing a tougher job market cut back on spending. Mexico China Canada Japan
ADVANTAGE OF THE GEOGRAPHY US projection of imports from Mexico converts at 2018, its first provider.
1990
2000
2018
2012
20 16 12 8 4 0
Billions
HISTORIC INTERNARIONAL RESERVES
148,128
This works as an insurance and safety for a better planning and taking measured risks 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0.00 Millions
INFLATION According to the OCDE the lack of competition cost the country
13
10
/95/ /96/ /97/ /98/ /99/ /00/ /01/ /02/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0.00
MEXICO.NOW//////////SOCIAL
CHILDREN
YEAR CHILDREN PER WOMAN
HUMAN CAPITAL 15-64 age people will increase next decades this means more laboral production, savings window
YEAR 2010 2020 2050
1976 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012
POLITIC AGENDA The National leaders of the PRI, PRD, PAN and along with the President Enrique Peña Nieto signed the “Pact for Mexico” to promote structural reforms and stressed the importance of this national agreement. The first three initiatives that will be presented to Congress will be on education, telecommunications, fiscal responsibility, and public debt
ECONOMIC ACTIVE POPULATION IN MILLIONS 87.2 98.9 114.4
72 % of Mexico Population live in cities 85 million live in cities /cities are entities with more than 15,000 habitants
MIGRATION The sharp downward trend in net migration from Mexico began about five years ago and has led to the first significant decrease in at least two decades in the unauthorized Mexican population.
DEMOGRAPHICS. MEXICO POPULATION 116.9 MILLIONS WITH A GROWING RATE A 1.35 AVERAGE
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
in thousands
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010
MEXICO.NOW//////////ARE WE READY? The combination of variables leaves an excellent window of opportunity for Mexico 2020-2040, to improve quality of life . But how can this opportunity be embraced?
FERTILITY RATE EFFECTIVE HUMAN CAPITAL LABOR AGE DECREASE OF MIGRATION
BECOMING MAJOR US IMPORTER
2030-2050 INTERNARNATINAL RESERVES PROVIDE STABILIZATION
The economic and social variables are combining to strive a transformation in the country. Are Mexico’s cities ready? If not, how can smart, responsible growth be planned? What cities would be the motor in this new era? What models would be succesfully implemented?
URBAN CONDITIONS ?
SOCIAL-POLITICAL LABORAL EXTASIS
MEXICO ACTUAL URBAN CONDITIONS 72 % of Mexico Population live in cities 85 million live in cities /cities are entities with more than 15,000 habitants
Last 30 years Populations Vs Urban Surface
development in peripherial zones no correct infraestructure risk zones
Growth Rate Growth Rate 1.43x 5.97x dispersion and low population density
segregation protected ecological zones development
lack of services 80% 90,000 p/year Houses stablished on non viable areas where cost to introduce basic services is 2x3 times more Just 4% of wastes are recycled USA 33% Europe Countries 39% 80% of population use public transport 9% Private Car 1960-2002 growing rate 7.5 p/year 2002-2009 growing rate 8.75p/year 20% of workers take more than 3hours in the complete journey from work-home and viceversa
15
10
50%of the water is recycled
ACCORDING TO UN-HABITAT 20 CITIES WITH MORE THAN 1,000,000 HABIntermigration 1940-1980 Megacity Mexico City 20 137 152 hab 7 854 km² Density 2559,8 hab/km²
2012-2050 Intermediate increasing rates to intermediate Cities 121 million habitants Mexico
what conditions?
Until 1920 1921-1989
City Size Less than 2,500 2,500-14,999 15,000-99,999
100,000-990,999 Total
2012 24.4 22.2% 14.6 13.2% 15.4 14.0% 40.1 36.5% 15.6 14.1% 110.0 100%
2020 24.1 20.8% 14.9 12.9% 16.8 14.5% 44.6 38.5% 15.4 13.3% 115.8 100%
Commerce 621 thousand
1990-2000
2000-2030 2000-2030 1921-1989 1990-2000
Model 2030//core development
2030
Now
5.97 INCREASE URBAN SURFACE RATE PER 1.47 POPULATION INCREASE RATE 750,000 MORE CARS
2030 23.6 19.5% 15.3 12.7% 16.5 13.7% 49.1 40.6% 16.3 13.5% 120.9 100%
2030
100,000-999,999
2009 24.5 22.7% 14.3 13.3% 15.0 14.0% 38.5 35.8% 15.2 14.2% 107.6 100%
Now
HOW TO AVOID
Growing scheme study in 6 cities Now
Development 2011-2030 intermediate cities 100,000-1,000,000 Hab Cancun Mexicalli Aguascalientes Merida Saltillo Cuernavaca Reynosa Chihuahua Hermosillo
Industry 170 Industrial Parks
Development 1980-2011 Guadalajara 4 434 252 hab 2,734 km² Density 1.332 hab/km² Monterrey 4 080 329hab 6.680 km² Density 604,21 hab/km² 1,000,000 NOW Torreon Toluca Leon Ciudad Juarez Tijuana San Luis Potosi Puebla Queretaro
Working 6 Thousand Office
2030 DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS Living 16.2 Millions
now we can plan it!
Until 1920 1921-1989 1990-2000
Model 2030/Expected
MEXICO////INTERMEDIATE 2030 CITY MODEL AGUASCALIENTES//DENSIFICATION EQUATION// CITY VOCATION/TRADITION/DENSIFICATION/MICROCOSM Using Aguascalientes City as an example model for 2030 growing cities Population now //800,000 Population expected 2030// 1,300,000
CONFINATED BUS LANE Controls Public flow transportation CATHEDRAL INFRASTRUCTURE Schools Hospitals Community Centers
BICYCLES STATIONS
CITY HAll
MARKET HOUSING DETONATORS
17
10
Aerial
MEXICO////INTERMEDIATE 2030 CITY MODEL 1Phase 2015 1.Implementation confinated bus 2 axis to conect core of the city 2.Bike Lanes to decrease traffic 3. 10% Housing Detonators 900,000Hab
2Phase 2020 1. Add transportation lanes to cross city 2. Add Bike Routes. 3. 60% Housing Detonators in core 4. City infrastructure 5. Private investmen bring commerce 80% 1,100,000Hab
01
18
3Phase 2030 2. Add Bike Routes. 3. 85% Housing Detonators in core 4. City infrastructure needs and green areas 5. Private invastmen bring commerce 6. Office Buidings 70% 1,300,000 Hab
01. Implementa-
tion of housing model
Evolution of the
02. housing and the
context
With the increase 03.of density eh
Bike lane
Car lane
The housing buildings is a model, reproductive, evolutive and adaptable to the different cities. This housing works as detonators that densify the core. This detonators explode in private and public investors , like infraestructure and commerce, the idea is that the housing evolve with the context. The bus routes and bike lanes permit easy acces.
Confinated Bus
MEXICO 2030 //// MODULAR HOUSING
Street Section
implementation of bus confinated
Bike Lane
With the increase of 04. density eh implementation of bike lanes
19
10
Evolution of the 05. housing and the
context adding services
Evolution of the 06. housing and the
context addiing offices
MEXICO 2030 //// MODULAR HOUSING
MODULES
HOUSING SYSTEM
D Apt
E Apt
B Apt
C Apt
A Apt
The system works with a interior patio. and circulations in the center 1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
2nd
2nd 2nd
01
20
Apt D
Apt E
3rd
Public Area
2nd
Parking
2nd
AptB
3rd
04
NEW SCHOOL OF ARTS
+ Alberto Saenz
The School of Arts building was created in an effort to combine three majors at the university Tecnologico de Monterrey into one building. These three majors include architecture, digital animation, and industrial design. This building has to respond to the different needs of the majors and fields of study while reflecting the community’s flow of ideas and creativity. It also needs to work as an example of the ideology and beliefs of an institution with great tradition while buidling future vision. The plan was to integrate the different concepts of technology, material and structural honesty, space richness, legibility, flexibility, and sustainability. This school of arts building could be an example in expressing the dynamics inside the intricacies of this learning machine. The design concept is all about the space, with the help of two structures-an interior that allows the program’s flexibility and an exterior that shows the building’s permanence and tradition. Then interior space has a richness that pushes creativity to the limit with its flow and openness that generate thinking and the exchange of ideas. This area opens central space by integrating light, wind, vegetation, and visual connections. All these elements help to make the ideal environment for a creative student.
The first steps in this project were to locate and analyze the non-existing building in the complicated context of an urban campus with a pre-existing development plan. The location inside the campus was determined after analyzing an unused plaza, and the need to make an urban intervention an architectural endeavor. The theory is to activate the plaza’s energy by the contention with buildings that embrace the open space and respect the circulations and dynamics between buildings.
Campus Proposed Programatic Area Actual Programatic Area Architecture 1050S tudents Projection 1200Students
Studio Classrooms/labs 500m2 Studio Combination-Mixed learning 1120m2+ 200m2 growing Area Theoric Classrooms 250m2
Digital Animation 250 Students Projection 500 Students
Theoric Classrooms 200m2 Administration Area 100m2 Exposition/reunion Area 120m2 Services 50m2 Studio Classrooms/labs 250m2 Theoric Classrooms 1800m2 Administration Area 100m2 Services 50m2
Theoric Combination-Interdisciplinary Learning 630+ 150m2 growing Area
Administration Coordination 300m2 Area
Exposition Area- Carreer connections 240m2+ 100m2 growing area
Grouped Services 150m2+ 50m2 growing area Library 200m2 Auditorium 250m2
01
22
Industrial Design 550 Students Projection 700 Students
Administration Area 100m2 Exposition/reunion Area 120m2 Services 50m2 Studio Classrooms/labs 370m2
NEW SCHOOL OF ARTS///// 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07.
Metallic Structure Water Recolecting Roof Exhibition Structure Vertical Circulations Sunshade Lattice Duovent Crystal Vertical Circulations
01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06.
-2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1
Metallic Structure Water Recolecting Roof Exhibition Structure Vertical Circulations Sunshade Lattice Duovent Crystal
0
1 1 1
510 10
411 11
66
05
06
06 13
05
12
1
2 2 2
8 11 11 11 11
10 510
3 2,3 3 3
11
22
477 77
4 33 33
4 88 88
733
22
77
7 66
7
6
81111
55
4 44 44
1-8 AUL AUL 1-8 10. NU NU 10. 9. AUD AUD 9.
455
1-8AUL AU 1-8 10.NU NU 10. AUD 9.9.AUD
55
33
5 10 10
9 9
99
10 10
755
744 44
55
8 11
77
2 2
8 22
7 88 88
3 3
933
6 6
86 6
7 7
8 77
8 8
9 88
1-5 TALLE TALLE 1-5 6-8 AULA AULA 6-8 9.BIBLIO 9.BIBLIO 10. NUC 10. NUC 1-5 TAL 1-5 TALLE 11.AREA 11.AREA 6-8 AU 6-8 AULA 9.BIBLIO 9.BIBLIO 10.NUC NU 10. 11.ARE 11.AREA
10 510 10 10
5 5
4 4
9 44
9 55
5 699
23
10
11
6 6.Auditorium 7. Studios 8. Administrations 9. Class11 11 room 1 1
9 9
14
1-3TALL TA 1-3 NUC 4.4.NUCL AUD 5.5.AUDIT
10 10
99
05
422
722
711
699 01
22
10 10
3.Terrace 4. Studios 5. Vertical Circulations
04
11
33
466
08
1-3 TALL TALL 1-3 4. NUCL NUCL 4. 5. AUDIT AUDIT 5.
5 5
02
03
2 2
3 3
1.Library 2.Labs
01
1 1
10 10
10
510
CENTRAL AREA
1-5 1-5 TAL TAL 6-8 6-8 SAL SAL 9.SALA 9.SALA 10. NU 10. 1-5NU TA 1-5 TAL 11.ARE 11.ARE 6-8 SA 6-8 SAL 9.SAL 9.SALA 10. N 10. NU 11.AR 11.ARE
01
26
NEW SCHOOL OF ARTS/////
Mexico Cities Situation People with ideas
water
politics architects
education
urbanist jobs
transportation
local
plataforma urbana
teachers families
kids economics
social worers
wastes housing
-
03
PLATAFORMA URBANA LOCAL WWW.PLATAFORMALOCAL.ORG
Intermediate Cities projects Projects
Internet is a powerfull tool that now a days we should take advantage, its important to take the full value of the easy communication among the people not depending on geographical localization or profession, but exchanging ideas between us for a better common. Plataforma Urbana Local is an organization for projects and ideas, this platforms works as an network , a site made from architects and urbanist to everyone interested in cities, anyone who live in a city and have access to internet is entitled to get inform but to have a platform capable to expand those ideas throguth the net.
WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO?
Panorama Actual de las Ciudades Mexicanas Crecimiento Poblacional
1.43X
5.97X
Expansion de la mancha urbana Proyeccion 2030 121 millones habitantes
80% Poblacion Vive en zonas de riesgo
Poblacion 1 millon de habitantes
Ciudades Intermedias 2030 mayor taza de crecimiento
90mil Viviendas Vive en zonas no aptas
20 Ciudades Cd. de Mexico Guadalajara Monterrey Torreon Toluca Leon Ciudad Juarez Tijuana San Luis Potosi Puebla Queretaro Cancun Mexicalli Aguascalientes Merida Saltillo Cuernavaca Reynosa Chihuahua Hermosillo
Espa 09% Crecimiento Parque automor
80% Usa transporte urbano Promedio 3 horas casa-trabajo
²
50% Del Agua Se recicla
04% de los residuos Se recicla
10%poblacion mas rica Recibe el 33% del ingreso del pais
40% Poblacion mas pobre Recibe el 18% del ingreso del pais
Contact// Jose Alexandro Medina Lara E-Mail: alexandro.medina@gmail.com Cel: 52-155-21065493